5.1.3. Species Selection We facilitated activities for species selection involving local communities and nagari officials. Species selection was based on three aspects, namely: (a) environmental aspect (site suitability and soil and water conservation function), the species function as soil and water protection. The evapotranspiration rate should be modest, while the roots system can enhance infiltration and prevent shallow land-slide; (b) social aspect (familiarity/wellknown and easy-growing); (c) economic aspect (marketability), local community has spirits to plant the trees for short and long term economic benefits. Based on growth rate and utilization, the selected species are sorted into three groups, i.e.: (a) High Quality Timber Species (HQTS) : This category includes group of species produce timbers with economic value. These species have moderate to long life period and its timbers can be used for furniture, construction and veneer such as mahoni, suren, madang, kayu afrika (Maesopsis eminii), uru (Elmerillia sp); (b) Fast Growing Species (FGS): Fast growing species is a group of woody species with less economic value. These species usually have short life period and are mostly developed as raw materials for pulp, paper industries and indoor-construction, among others are: sengon (Albizia falcataria), gmelina (Gmelina arborea), jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba), and (c) Multi Purposes Tree Species (MPTS) : Multipurpose tree species is a group of woody species which have many functions such as for hydrologic purposes, gardening, fire wood, fodders, fruits, honey, and oils, such as fruit tree species : jack fruit (Arthocarpus heterophyllus), durian (Durio zibethinus), avocado (Persea Americana), and sirsak (Anona muricata). The facilitation process for tree species selection: (a) We asked trainees to list tree species they have already familiar either indigenous or non-indigenous species; (b) Level of preference of the listed tree species expressing in descending order; (c) We facilitated the selection of tree species on the basis on availability of the seeds (wilding) and community preference; (d) Apart from local species, we also introduced non-indigenous tree species, in which ecologically suitable to grow in the areas, while we have sufficient seeds stock; (e) We explain the origin and the use of the trees; (f) Level of preference of new species expressing in descending order; (g) Final list of tree species committed to be developed.
Growing Group
Vernacular Name
Species
Family
Slow Growing
Mahoni Merbau/Kayu Besi Trembesi
Swietenia macrophylla Intsia bijuga Samanea saman
Meliaceae Fabaceae Mimosoideae
Very Slow Growing
Tumaku
Macadamia sp
Proteaceae
Table 5.6. Description of tree species developed in the village nursery No 1
Ecology
Uses
Paraserianthes falcataria (L.) Nielson
It is native to Sumatra, Java, Bali and Flores, the Moluccas, New Guinea, the Solomon Island, and Australia. Its origin probably is from the eastern Malaysian area as the largest diversity of the species is found here.
Found in a wide variety of habitats generally ranging from sea-level to 1,600 m altitude but sometimes up to 3,300 m altitude.
It is suitable for general utility purposes such as light construction, especially rafters, paneling, interior trim, furniture, and cabinet work.
2
It is found from Tanzania and Madagascar through southern India and Burma, towards Malesia (include Indonesia), northern Australia and Polynesia.
Prefer annual rainfall of more than 2,000 mm and found up to 1,000 m altitude
Merbau is a very good general-purpose timber. It is suitable for a wide range of purposes because of its favourable physical and mechanical properties; combined with a high natural durability and an attractive appearance The uses of this species include furniture making, paneling, stairs, handrails, musical instrument, and water-work construction such as bridges, wharves, sluices, and sheet piles.
The area of distribution extends from central Mexico through Central America and the West Indies, including southern Florida, toward Bolivia, Peru and Brazil. At present, mahogany is widely cultivated throughout the tropics including Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines.
The optimum annual rainfall is 1,400-2,500(-3,500) mm with a dry period of 0-4 months. Mahogany grows from sea-level to 1,500 m altitude, in areas with a mean annual temperature of 20-28ยบC
Mahoni is one of the most valuable furniture timbers in the world due to the decorative and attractive timber with good technical characteristics.
It is distributed from Pakistan and India, Srilanka and southern China through the Malesian Archipelago towards northern and western Australia, Fiji, New Zealand and New Caledonia.
It can grow up to 1,300 m altitude but is then usually stunted
The wood is used mainly for light construction and for pulping. Several parts of the plant are used medicinally. Leaves are good for cattle fodder
Intsia bijuga (Colebr.) O. Kuntze Merbau
3
Swietenia macrophylla King Mahoni
Growing Group
Vernacular Name
Species
Family
Fast Growing
Sengon Sengon Buto Jati Putih Sirsak Uru
Paraserianthes falcataria Enterolobium cyclocarpum Gmelina arborea Anona muricata Elmerrillia sp
Leguminosae Fabaceae Verbenaceae Annonaceae Magnoliaceae
Suren Kayu Afrika Nangka Gaharu Cemara Gunung (Buangin)
Toona sureni Maesopsis eminii Pterocarpus heterophyllus Aquilaria crassna Casuarina junghuniana
Meliaceae Meliaceae Fabaceae Thymelaeaceae Casuarinaceae
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Origin
Sengon
Table 5.5. List of tree species developed in the village nursery
Middle Growing
Species
Dr. Edi Purwanto
4
Gmelina arborea Roxb Jati Putih
Dr. Edi Purwanto
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