Nature Culture Parks Compendium_BAS by NADAV Kochavi

NATURE CULTURE PARKS REFERENCE COMPENDIUM EXAMPLES 1-93 BERGEN SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE

RESEARCH VOLUME 1 NATURE CULTURE PARKS MASTER COURSE SPRING 2013 :BJAANES NATURE CULTURE PARK BERGEN SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE Sandviksboder 59–61a Postadr: PB 39, 5841 Bergen Tlf.+ 47 55 36 38 80Fax.+ 47 55 36 38 81 adm@bas.org

FONTS COURIER 9,5PT BOOK COURIER 8PT PARATEXT

INDEX PARQUE IBIRAPUERA............12 INHOTIM......................14 PARQUE SERRA DA CAPIVARA ....16 THE HIGH LINE................18 SAAS MUGHAL GARDENS..........20 PARQUE INGLATERRA............22 JARDIM BOTÂNICO DE COIMBRA...24 JARDIM DA MANGA..............26 JARDIM DO PAÇO EPISCOPAL.....28 THE CENTIPEDE................30 VILLA GARZONI............... 32 THE LION GROVE GARDEN....... 34 ORDOS CULTURE PARK.......... 36 ROUTE 66.................... 38 THE CHINATI FOUNDATION.......40 BRION MEMORIAL COMPLEX.......42 CHRISTIANIA..................44 THE MOON.....................46 PARK GÜELL...................48 AEROSPACE MAINTENANCE........50 LAKE CUNNINGHAM SKATEPARK....52 MUSEO CHILLIDA-LEKU..........54 CENTRAL PARK.................56 NGORONGORO CONSERVATION AREA.58 PARQUE DE IGUAZÚ.............60 PARQUE NACIONAL DOÑANA.......62 CHENNAI IT DISTRICT..........64 BRCKENRIDGE TERRAIN PARK.....66 MOUNT EVEREST BASE CAMP......68 CIMTIERE AMERICANA S.JAMES...70 JANTAR MANTAR................72 PARC DES BUTTES CHAUMONT.....74 SKANSEN......................76 VILLARICA NATIONAL PARK......78 STORA HASTO..................80 FOREST OF OMA................82 JARDIN DE LA ISLA............84 EAST PARK....................86 MADRID RIO...................88 VERSAILLES...................90 PARC DE LA VILLETTE..........92 MUSICON......................94 ROSKILDE FESTIVAL............96 TROLLSTIGEN..................98 BRYANT PARK.................100 ERFT RIVER..................102 PARC DEL LABERINT D’HORTA...104

HORNØYA BIRDCLIFF...........106 ATLANTIC ROAD...............108 MYFORTH WORTH WATER GARDEN..110 TERRESTRIAL SHRUB ROVER.....112 BOERENHOL’ [PARK]ING........114 GARDEN OF DECAYING BOOKS....116 VIGELANDSPARKEN.............118 HADRIAN’S VILLA.............120 PUMA PUNKU..................122 ALHANBRA....................124 KATZURA IMPERIAL VILLA......126 SKI DUBAI...................128 HULA LAKE PARK..............130 SUPERKILEN..................132 SKOGSKYRKOGARDEN............134 CANCUN UNDERWATER MUSEUM....136 RODEN CRATER................138 LIGHTNING FIELD W.D.M.......140 GREAT WALL OF CHINA.........142 BERLIN TEMPELHOF AIRPOR.....144 VALDRES NATUR-OG KULTURPARK.146 LONDON HEATHROW AIRPORT.....148 SCENIC LOOKOUT..............150 ISHOTELLET..................152 OLD JEWISH CEMETERY.........154 EASTER ISLAND...............156 HAGAPARKEN..................158 BEIJING BOTANICAL GARDEN....160 GRIP........................162 LAS VEGAS STRIP.............164 LEWES GUY FAWKES NIGHT......166 LOVE PARK...................168 STOWE LANDSCAPE GARDEN......170 BURNING MAN FESTIVAL........172 AUTOMAUSOLEUM...............174 PEBBLE BEACH................176 NIMIS LAND ART..............178 WANAS PARK..................180 DAISEN-IN...................182 RYOAN-JI TEMPLE GARDEN......184 BOIS-ROND...................186 SUICIDE FOREST..............188 INDIAN ROCK-CUT ARCH........190 ALLURE OF THE SEAS..........192 HAMSTEAS HEATH..............194 ARTIFICIAL BEACH............196

INTRODUCTION This compendium of culture parks was created as a group research attempt at cataloging and analyzing a wide range of projects that deal with issues of nature and culture. The compendium was created as a common data base of references and as a point for departure; dealing with the simple yet highly complex question of what is a nature culture park?

79 66 62 58

107 59 55 73

61 63

102

69 70

NUMBERS ON THE MAP RELATES TO NUMBER ON LEFT SIDE IN COMPENDIUM

12 9 6 8

13 20 80 88 17 14 19 15 18 106 22 21

96 89

30 80 281 25 23 24 108 31 27 26 3233 3435 48

46 41 42 37 36 94 43 4438 45 39 2 40 35

47 81 86

50 3 49 105 104

54 4

53 52

74 53

COMPENDIUM 1-93

AERIAL VIEW

069

PARQUE IBIRAPUERA Sao Paulo/SP, Brazil_23°35’05’’S 46°39’36’‘W_1584 km2

DESCRIPTION

Parque Ibirapuera is a metropolitan park and an icon of Sao Paulo. It opened to public in 1954 to celebrate the fourth centenary of the city and its name means “rotten tree/wood” in Tupi-Guarani, because it was settled down on a former native-Indian village site with swampy lowland soil. The park was supposed to be a Brazilian reinterpretation (or even a combination) of both Hyde Park and Central Park, but due to the marshy ground, the city planners’ plans were not carried on. Still on the hope towards transforming the location on a park, the municipality decided to plant eucalyptus trees all around the site to naturally drain the water in the early 1920s. It was left to Oscar Niemeyer the responsibility for the architecture and to Burle Marx, the landscape design, although his project was never implemented.

PHOTOS

AERIAL VIEW

068

INHOTIM Brumadinho/MG, Brazil_20°07’27’’S 44°13’08’‘W_786.06 ha

DESCRIPTION

Home to one of the most important collections of contemporary art in Brazil (more than 500 pieces) and considered the largest center of “outdoor art” in Latin America, Inhotim was conceived in 2004 and opened in 2006, with the main intention of displaying the collection of Bernardo Paz, a wealthy businessman in the mining and the steel industry. It is located within the area of Mata Atlântica with Cerrado enclaves by the top of the hills and more than 50% of its site comprehends permanent preservation areas. The part open to visitation comprises gardens, galleries, buildings, forest fragments and five ornamental lakes. Its own botanical garden has grown more than 4300 species of native, rare and exotic plants and it holds the largest collection of palm trees in the world, with up to 1500 different species. The New York Times have recognized that, referring to Inhotim, “few institutions have the luxury of devoting thousands of acres of gardens, fields and hills to anything but art, and install it there forever.”

PHOTOS

AERIAL VIEW

067

PARQUE NACIONAL SERRA DA CAPIVARA PI, Brazil_08°25’00’’S 42°19’60’‘W_129140 ha

DESCRIPTION

The creation of this national park in 1979 had multiple motivations related to the preservation of a very specific environment and one of the most important prehistoric cultural heritage sites. Amid the semiarid, the park is located on the border between two major geological formations, the Maranhao-Piaui sedimentary basin and the peripheral depression of the Sao Francisco river, with varied landscapes within the mountains, valleys and plains and with savanna vegetation. It is one of the last areas of the semi-arid which still possesses important biological variety. Serra da Capivara is also home of a dense concentration of archaeological sites in which are extremely ancient traces, like paintings and engravings, of man’s presence (100,000 years ago). There are currently 912 registered sites, among which, more than 600 have paintings, and other outdoor sites like former camps, villages, caves, shelters, burial sites and more. In 1991, the park officially became a World Heritage Site by UNESCO.

PHOTOS

AERIAL VIEW

055

THE HIGH LINE Manhattan/NY, USA_40°44’50’’N 74°00’18’‘W_1.6 km (2.33 km total plan)

DESCRIPTION

The High Line is a linear park installed on the west side freight line of the New York Central Railroad and it runs elevated above the streets thought the west side of Manhattan alongside with Hudson river like an aerial green way. The whole project of revitalization was split into three different phases: the first opened in 2009, the second, in 2011 and the third is still under review. This recycling of the railway into an urban park has not only preserved the historic structure, which was under the threat of demolition, but also spurred real estate development in the neighborhoods which lie along the line and decreased the occurrence of crimes in them ever since (see: Elevado Presidente Costa e Silva). Most of the planting is of rugged meadow plants, but not limited to American natives, and a grove of mixed species of birch provides some dappled shade by late afternoon. Ipe timbers that were used on the built-in benches have come from a managed forest to ensure sustainable use and the conservation of biological diversity and water resources.

PHOTOS

SITE PLAN POOLS

093

MUGHAL GARDENS Humayunâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Tomb, Shalimar Bagh, Taj Mahal and Yadavindra Gardens_India Shalimar Gardens_Pakistan

DESCRIPTION

Mughal Gardens design derives primarily from the medieval Islamic garden (although there are nomadic influences that come from their TurkishMongolian ancestry), some sort of hortus conclusus (enclosed garden), walled off and protected from the outside world. Its design was rigidly formal, and its inner space was filled with those elements that man finds most pleasing in nature. The essential features of the Mughals included running water (most important element) and a pool to reflect the beauties of sky and garden: trees of various sorts, some to provide shade and others to produce fruits; flowers, colorful and sweet-smelling; grass, usually growing wild under the trees; birds, to fill the garden with song; the whole cooled by a pleasant breeze. The gardens are also often surmounted by a pavilion or palace. The Mughals were obsessed with symbol: the number eight is considered auspicious and can be found in the number of terraces or in garden architecture such as octagonal pools.

GARDENS TAJ MAHAL

AERIAL VIEW

045

PARQUE EDUARDO VII DE INGLATERRA Lisbon, Portugal_38°43’42’’N 09°09’10’‘W_26 ha

DESCRIPTION

Due to its arise in a very turbulent time, Neoclassicism in Portugal develops in a quite particular way, struggling with artistic and economic issues, and thus lasting longer and imposing itself a different timeline from the rest of Europe. The park opened in 1905, originally design as the extension of Avenida da Liberdade. The central lane is covered in grass and lined with long Portuguese cobblestone pavements, dividing the site’s grove into two. At the northwest corner of the park, site of a former basalt quarry, is located the cold greenhouse, with a variety of exotic plants, as well as streams, waterfalls, trails, palm and banana trees, flowering shrubs, and the hot greenhouse, with lush plants, cacti, lakes and exotic birds. The current configuration of the park was projected by the architect Keil do Amaral, in 1942. At the northern tip, alongside with the monumental belvedere, the 25 de Abril monument was built in 1997 and it has been the subject of controversy for its phallic shape.

PHOTOS

AERIAL VIEW

044

JARDIM BOTÂNICO DE COIMBRA Coimbra, Portugal_40°12’22’’N 08°25’12’‘W_26 ha

DESCRIPTION

It was founded in 1772–1774 and it was integrated in the Natural History Museum, as part of the Universidade de Coimbra, established by Marquis of Pombal. The area of the garden, which has been enlarged, reaches the 13 hectares it occupies at present. It is considered one of the most beautiful botanical gardens of Europe and can be divided in two parts: the first, located at the highest level and at the top of the valley, constitutes the most formal area and it is divided in terraces, which are differently decorated, ranging from fountains and greenhouses to traditional 18th century European gardens. The second part of the garden, including the valley where once a small stream flowed, is the arboretum. It hold a splendid forest of bamboos and a dense vegetation with exotic trees, as well as a 51 species collection of eucalyptus trees.

PHOTOS

AERIAL VIEW

043

JARDIM DA MANGA Coimbra, Portugal_40°12’41’’N 08°25’40’‘W_?? m2

DESCRIPTION

The Jardim da Manga, also known as Manga Cloister, is located at the rear of the Monastery of Santa Cruz, in downtown Coimbra. The local tradition says that one day King João III de Portugal visited the monastery, and encountering a large unused space, sketched on the sleeve of his doublet a cloister and a surrounding garden, which then was built. It is one of the first fully Renaissance architectural works made in Portugal, finished in 1528, and its structure is evocative of the Fountain of Life. The garden is dominated by a building (that is currently left with only the dome and the central aisle) connected to fours small chapels and small lakes surrounded by rectangles. The water pools are clearly inspired by the Islamic architecture, due to the Moorish domination of Portugal and the Iberian Peninsula during the Middle Ages. Manga, in Portuguese, can mean both sleeve and mango.

PHOTOS

AERIAL VIEW

094

JARDIM DO PAÇO EPISCOPAL Castelo Branco, Portugal_39°49’40’’N 07°29’38’‘W_?? m2

DESCRIPTION

The Jardim do Paço is located in the municipality of Castelo Branco, beside the former Bishop’s palace, and reveals itself as one of the original examples of Baroque in Portugal. Created in the 18th century by Bishop João Mendonça, it is organized in a formal pattern, in addition to a profusion of statues, regarding symbolic aspects and positioning its elements in thematic routes. Baroque (and often bizarre) saints and apostles are lined with the hedgerows, stone lions are reflected in the lakes and monarchs are kept within the balustrades. The hated Spanish kings, that ruled Portugal for 60 years during the Iberian Union, were made in reduced size. The garden was benefited from a deep and complex restoration and conservation intervention, which treated the vegetation, reintroduced original species and recovered the water systems, the scenic illumination and the drainage.

PHOTOS

PLAN

095

THE CENTIPEDE (JARDIM BASĂ?LIO TELES) Matosinhos, Portugal_??_220 m2

DESCRIPTION

This, once, romantic garden of the 19th century is now the sum of continuous interventions with poor architectonic quality and obsolete urban equipment. When approaching the project, the first thing that came to the architectâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s mind was to recover the original garden design and demolish all the equipment that had been built in the last decades. That proposal was not approved by the city administration. But the intention he had of making a building in the garden persisted. From that point on, the idea was to make a building with a pavilion look, that could be removed at any time and build any place else in case the administration changed their minds. Something that looked light and as abstract as possible in order not to connect it with a building, but if possible, with a sculptural or natural object in a garden. It was taken the option to put the Tea House next to another existing building, in order to concentrate all constructions on one side of the garden and maintain the rest as it is supposed to be, natural space. The building occupies a green triangular shaped plot.

RHYTHM

AERIAL VIEW PLAN

047

VILLA GARZONI Collodi/Italy, 43°53’56.72”N 10°39’10.40”E

DESCRIPTION

Villa Garzoni at Collodi is a villa just over the border of the province of Lucca, (Tuscany, Italy). The garden was built shortly before 1652 by the Garzoni family, relating to the site of the old castle, which stands slightly apart, closely associated with the village that nestles round it, on the edge of a cliff like slope, which had been chosen in earlier times for its defensible approach. The garden of Villa Garzoni, whose layout “makes the fullest use of a precipitous hillside site in a manner that is usually associated with Rome”, features a giochi d’aqua, or water garden, constructed at the foot of a series of balustrade terraces and a suite of grand symmetrical staircases connecting the lower water gardens at the base of the hill, with the house, the cascade, the teatro di verdura and other garden features above. At each terrace level, side walk past clipped yew blend imperceptibly with the wooded slope. Its cascade, which the exigencies of the site prevented from alignment with the main axis, has been called one of two “culminating High Baroque statements” of the trends toward drama and spectacle.

PHOTOS

PLAN PHOTO

091

THE LION GROVE GARDEN Suzhou/China, 31°19’14.92”N 120°37’46.74”E

DESCRIPTION

The Chinese garden, also known as a Chinese classical garden, recreates natural landscapes in miniature. The style has evolved for more than three thousand years, and includes both the vast gardens of the Chinese emperors and smaller gardens built by scholars, poets, and former government officials. The classical Chinese garden is enclosed by a wall and has one or more ponds, a rock garden, trees and flowers, and an assortment of halls and pavilions within the garden, connected by winding paths and zig-zag galleries. By moving from structure to structure, visitors can view a series of carefully composed scenes, unrolling like a scroll of landscape paintings. Of all the famous rock-gardens in history, only one has survived. This is the so-called Lion Garden in Soochow. The Lion Grove Garden was built in 1342 during the Yuan Dynasty by a Zen Buddhist monk, Wen Tianru, in memory of his teacher Abbot Zhongfeng. At that time the garden was part of the Bodhi Orthodox Monastery. The name of the garden is derived from the lion-shaped taihu rocks, which in turn were built as a reference to the symbolic lion in the Lion’s Roar Sutra.

PHOTOS

AERIAL ILLUSTRATION

086

ORDOS CULTURE PARK Ordos/Inner Mongolia 39°36’29.75”N 109°48’19.49”E

DESCRIPTION

It’s been called the Dubai of northern China, showered with wealth, packed with public infrastructure and located near to precious natural resources in a region plagued by water-supply troubles. But the urban center of Ordos City, known as ‘Kangbashi New Area’, has been mostly deserted for five years. Kangbashi isn’t a ghost town due to economic issues, contamination or any other common cause of such abandonment. The government simply can’t convince people to move there. Built for one million people and currently inhabited by just a few thousand (despite a government claim of 28,000 residents, who are more likely just commuting workers)Investors have snapped up nearly every available residence, confident that they’ll eventually see a big return. But it’s exactly this activity that has analysts worried about a speculative real estate bubble that will inevitably see a painful pop.

SILENCE

PHOTO

087

ROUTE 66 Route 66/USA, 35°34’49.34”N 97°26’31.81”W

DESCRIPTION

Route 66, also known as the Will Rogers Highway and colloquially known as the Main Street of America or the Mother Road, was a highway within the U.S. Highway System. One of the original U.S. Highways, Route 66 was established on November 11, 1926, with road signs erected the following year. The highway, which became one of the most famous roads in America, originally ran from Chicago, Illinois, through Missouri, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona before ending at Los Angeles, California, covering a total of 3,940 km. It was recognized in popular culture by both a hit song (Get Your Kicks on Route 66 by composer Bobby Troup, performed by Nat King Cole) and the Route 66 television show in the 1960s. Route 66 served as a major path for those who migrated west, especially during the Dust Bowl of the 1930s, and it supported the economies of the communities through which the road passed.

ART PHOTO

AERIAL VIEWF FAKE PRADA STORE

060

THE CHINATI FOUNDATION Marfa,Texas, USA 30°18′43″N 104°1′29″W 1.4 km2

DESCRIPTION

The Chinati Foundation/La Fundación Chinati is a contemporary art museum founded and run by the artist Donald Judd. The idea behind this museum was to preserve large scale installations and artwork by a limited number of artists. The main focus is laid upon works clearly linking surrounding landscapes with art. Given the considerable size of the area it takes hours to visit every installations and artworks, even days. Visitors is encouraged to dress comfortably and sensibly for the weather (chinati.org), being that parts of the exhibition is outside. Chinati was originally conceived to exhibit the work of Donald Judd, John Chamberlain and Dan Flavin. But now it has a collection that includes 15 outdoor concrete works by Donald Judd, 100 aluminum works by Judd housed in two converted artillery sheds, 25 sculptures by John Chamberlain, an installation by Dan Flavin occupying six former army barracks, and works by Carl Andre, Ingólfur Arnarsson, Roni Horn, Ilya Kabakov, Richard Long, Claes Oldenburg and Coosje van Bruggen, David Rabinowitch, and John Wesley. Each artist’s work is installed in a separate building on the museum’s grounds.

PHOTO

DETAIL CARLO SCARPA DRAWING

048

BRION MEMORIAL COMPLEX San Vito D`Altivole 45°45′18″N 11°54′38″E

DESCRIPTION

A short walk away from the village of San Vito d’Altivole north of Venice lies the Brion memorial complex, which stands as one of Scarp’s greatest works. When the well known industrialist Giuseppe Brion died, his wife Onorina decided to build a memorial center in his honor in San Vito d`Altivole cemetery. The memorial center serves as a tomb as well as a chapel and space for meditation. It has three degrees of openness intended by Scarpa to be the private husband-wife relation, where Giuseppe and later Onorina are buried, the family, for the family and their relations, and the public, for the community, offering intimate spaces for solitary meditation. A quarter of the grounds around the building are covered with water, and the project gets described as Scarp’s most remarkable work of landscape design. Scarpa designed the rooms within the complex in a sophisticated arrangement, with his notorious care to details.

CRAFTSMANSHIP

AERIAL VIEW ENTRANCE GATE

021

CHRISTIANIA København, Denmark_55°40’24.07’N 12°36’07.50’E _0.34 km2

DESCRIPTION

Among many Christiania residents, the community is known as staden (‘the town’), short for fristaden (‘the free-town’). The old military area occupied and changed into something that is descripted differently by every person you ask and therefore can be no more than a collection of scientic facts. So repetition; One can see on an aerial photograph and in street photographs that the area consists of trees of different type, houses in different colors , surface in different materials; asphalt, stone, grass ,water(speculation; this water also inhabits fish, a normal resident of Christiania cathes this fish and prepares it for himself, or with friends; That is how they survive; additional they grow vegetables in their gardens)

IDYLLIC HOUSE BY THE LAKE

SURFACE MISSION DEVICE

080

DESCRIPTION

THE MOON Moon, Moon_3.793 × 107 km2

(0.074 Earths)

The MOON is still the moon. Mankind has visited the moon 6 times and left a number of items there, both small and big. Both the manned mission and the unarmed mission has left traces that still exist and will for a long time. It is estimated that Mankind has left over 170,000 kg of material on the Moon, and 382 kg of the Moon was taken back to Earth by Apollo and Luna missions. Including all this is personal objects left there by Apollo astronauts, being golf balls from Alan Shepard’s lunar driving practice during Apollo 14, flags, Alan Bean’s silver astronaut pin, and the Fallen Astronaut statuette from the Apollo 15 mission. The Moon can therefore be seen as museum and a time witness of the different artifacts used in different eras and culture

LANDINGS MAP FAILED AND SUCCESSFUL

AERIAL VIEW

036

PARK GÜELL

DESCRIPTION

Güell Park is a public park with gardens and architectural elements situated on the top of the city of Barcelona, is also one of the most beautiful icons of the city. It was designed by architect Antonio Gaudi, leader of the Catalan Modernism. The main idea was to build a luxury residential complex, over the years, this idea was abandoned and in its place was built a park scenario worthy of a story. The park was opened in 1922 and in 1984 was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. The park is covered by undulating, tree-like columns, animal figures and geometric shapes. Most surfaces are decorated with tiles made of ceramic chip colors. The architect, inspired by the forms of nature, gave the park an impressive ornamental building in which no stiffness or classicism. The artist used the slope of the mountain 60 meters to create a path of spiritual elevation, atop which is the Monument to Calvary, from which you get the best views of the city.

Barcelona, Spain_41°24′59.6″N 2°09′07.7″_ 17 ha

WARMTH

ALTERED PLANE PLANES IN RUINS

079

AEROSPACE MAINTENANCE AND REGENRATION GROUP (AMARG)”BONEYARD” Tuscon/AR, USA_32°09’13.67’N 110°50’57.31’V_ 10,52km2

DESCRIPTION

Called the Bone-yard but officially known as the 309th Aerospace Maintenance and Regeneration Group (AMARG) facility. This is the largest military aircraft cemetery in the world, so they say; but maybe someone else is also saying it. The size of 1,430 football pitches, unknown if this means soccer or American football( where they carry the ball with their hands). The cemetery contains at least one example of nearly every plane the US armed forces have flown since World War II. Planes, helicopters, stones, desert sand, creatures and small animals among these fallen down from the sky aero devices; this modern decay with bus shuttled tourist in between, above, in front. The planes and aero devices with the city and the mountains in the back and inside. The organized viewing and selling of artifacts not nearly as big as the the originals themselves, but perhaps.

AERIAL VIEW

066

LAKE CUNNINGHAM SKATEPARK

DESCRIPTION

Located in the “Lake Cunningham Park” is an artificial lake in East San Jose, California, “The Laken Cunningham Skate Park” is one of the largest skate-parks in the United States, and also cataloged as one of the 10 best in the world. Designed by the architect Zach Wormhoudt. The park also includes large amount of space around the skateable terrain for spectators which can also be used when hosting events like demos or competitions. People described it as a park for everyone, where people of all ages can enjoy their times.

East San Jose, California_37.336615°N 121.808317°W_ 6 224.50368 m2

FLUIDITY

AERIAL VIEW

041

MUSEO CHILLIDA-LEKU

DESCRIPTION

The Chillida-Leku Museum is a great space for gardens and forests and a hamlet (Zabalaga) remodeling, where the sculptor Eduardo Chillida Juantegui distributed a large sample of his work. Outside is showing 40 sculptures of steel and pink granite. Chillida was looking for a building in which to show their work, and when he discovered he found this 1543 farmhouse in ruins. Inside the village we can find more delicate works of the artist, an exhibition of studies of the human body in painting and sculpture, and photographs of “Peine de los Vientos”, Chillida’s work which is located in San Sebastian. After 10 years of activity, in December 2010, was closed indefinitely due to the economic crisis.

Guipuzcoa, Spain_443.2779473703213, -2.0003163814544678_ 13 ha

PHOTOS

AERIAL VIEW

073

CENTRAL PARK New York, United States_40°46′55″N 73°57′58″W_3,2 km2

DESCRIPTION

New York’s Central Park is the first urban landscaped park in the United States. Conceived in salons of wealthy New Yorkers in the early 1850’s, the park project spanned more than a decade and cost ten million of dollars. The purpose was to refute the European view that Americans lacked a sense of civic duty and appreciation for cultural refinement and instead possessed an unhealthy, individualistic materialistic culture that precluded interest in the common good. The bruised egos of New York high society envisioned a sweeping pastoral landscape, among which the wealthy could parade in their carriages, socialize, to “be seen,” and in which the poor could benefit from clean air and uplifting recreation without lifting the bottle. With 25 millions of visitors per year is the most visited park in the world. Park attractions include the Central Park Zoo and Wildlife Center, an incredible lake, a concert arena, and two full-service restaurants. Visitors will be astounded by the unique landscaping and architectural work throughout the entire park.

ILLOGICAL

MAP LANDSCAPE

074

NGORONGORO CONSERVATION AREA Arusha, Tanzania_43°11′14″S 35°32′27″E_ 8,288 km2

DESCRIPTION

The Ngorongoro Conservation Area (NCA) is a conservation located 180km west of Arusha in the Crater Highlands area of Tanzania. The area spans vast expanses of highland plains, savanna woodlands and forests. Land in the conservation area is multi-use and unique because it is the only conservation area in Tanzania that protects wildlife while allowing human habitation, but also is controlled of negative effects, for example, any type of cultivation is forbidden. The jewel in Ngorongoro’s crown is a deep, volcanic crater, the largest un flooded and unbroken caldera in the world. About 20kms across, 600 meters deep and 300km2 in area, the Ngorongoro Crater is a breathtaking natural wonder.

GREEN AND BLUE

MAP AERIAL VIEW

072

PARQUE DE IGUAZÚ Misiones, Argentina_225°31′5″S 54°08′0″O_67 7,2 km2

DESCRIPTION

Iguazu National Park is a protected area of Argentina created in 1934 with the aim of conserving the environment and biodiversity of the Iguazu Falls, one of the “Seven Wonders of the World”. The park is located on the border between Brazil and Argentina. In Brazil is 20% of the falls (Parque Nacional do Iguaçu), and 80% in Argentina (Parque Nacional de Iguazú). Both parks are subtropical forests with hundreds of species of flora and fauna in danger of extinction. In Argentina, several bridges cross the size of the park, allowing enjoy different points where you can see the waterfalls of the Iguazu River. Iguazú is an assembly of 275 waterfalls, among which “Garganta del Diablo” the biggest jump with 80 m high.

OASIS

AERIAL VIEW

040

PARQUE NACIONAL DOÑANA Andalucía, Spain_36°56′51″N 6°21′31″W_537,09 km2

DESCRIPTION

The National park “Doñana” is located in the south of Spain, in Andalucía. The history also lives in this natural park, in 2011, an archaeological team proposed that the lost city of Atlantis was once located in what are now the swamps of the Doñana National Park having been destroyed by a tsunami. In The Doñana National Park you can find a rich variety of flora and fauna coexisting in a single space. In it there are three ecosystems: the marsh, preserves and beaches with dunes. The park also features the Iberian lynx care, an endangered species. Due to its unique geographic location between two continents, and its proximity to the meeting place of the Atlantic and the Mediterranean, you can observe more than 300 species of birds a year, being a transit, breeding and wintering area for thousands of them (aquatic and terrestrial) European and African.

WILDLIFE

AERIAL VIEW

052

Chennai IT district Tamil Nadu, India_12°55’04.75”N 80°12’59.88”E_100acres

DESCRIPTION

The Chennai district is world famous for its IT expertise and beautiful lakes with exotic migrant birds. It`s for some reason not famous for the enormous park it has in the middle of the district. This is a extremely large garbage dump covering a vast area, and the air is constantly filled with smoke from the burning ovens, and nasty smells from the big piles of garbage. Like most other cities in India the disposal of garbage has been outsourced and privatized, and over the years it has become a lucrative business. In the park you`ll meet a lot of young people(preferably children) enjoying the big mountains of garbage as they sort out the valuable goods(like plastics) for recycling.

PHOTO

TERRAIN

061

Breckenridge Terrain park Colorado, USA_39°28’38.75”N 106°04’06.34”W_0,497km2

DESCRIPTION

The Breckenridge terrain-park is one of the most visited freestyle parks in the US. Every winter there are massive amounts of snow, and the landscape is being cultivated by enormous pipe-dragons and plowers. This is also one of the most used parks for movies and photo-shoots. During summer there is a big variety of activities like mountain biking and hiking through the slopes. The park is approx. 800 meters long with a wide range of different elements like big jumps, rails, a super-pipe, and different boxes.

FLEXIBILITY

THE PICK

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Mount everest south base camp Sagarmatha National Park, Nepal_28°00’26.16”N 86°51’33.65”E_2,3km2

DESCRIPTION

This is one of two base camps for Mount Everest, depending on the route you choose. It`s situated on 5380 m, and the climbers typically stay here for a couple of days to adjust to the thin air. The camp is a combination of temporary and fixed tents, and is maybe the highest(most elevated) social arena in the world. The nature is wild and coarse, and consists of rocks and sand.

COMMUNITY

AERIAL VIEW

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Cimetiere American de Saint James Normandie, France_49°21’36.24”N 0°51’22.84”V_0,9348km2

DESCRIPTION

The cemetery is placed near Omaha beach, the site for D-day during WW2. 9387 American soldiers were buried here, and it is a quite popular place to visit for American tourists. In a semicircular colonnade in the east end there is a memorial for 1557 missing soldiers who’s bodies were not found or identified. The overwhelming sight of the over 9000 white crosses is both impressing and depressing at the same time, and the rigid system is only broken up once in a while by some trees and bushes. The plan of the cemetery itself is divided in five parts: Four areas of tombs, arranged around a cross-shaped walkway, and one area with the colonnade and denser vegetation. The site also holds a visitors center with historical information. As this is an American cemetery on foreign soil, most of the visitors don`t have familiar relations to the soldiers.

REPETITION

AERIAL VIEW

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Jantar Mantar (translated; calculation instrument) Jaipur, New Dehli, India, 28°37’21.50”N 77°12’27.10”E_1.87ha

DESCRIPTION

Jantar Mantar is a collection of astronomical instruments built by Maharaja Jai Singh II in 1727 as part of a series of five similar parks. The 14 buildings are precise, focused, fixed “tools” for reading time, tracking stars location and predicting eclipses. The scale is enormous, and the tallest sundial is 27 meters high. The size was supposed to make the instruments more accurate, but the lack of experience the masons had with super sized structures resulted in undersized foundations, and therefore skewed walls over time. It is supposedly possible to read time with a +/- 3 second accuracy by the sun`s shadow, but it is a problem that the shadow in itself has diffuse and not sharp edges. Today the park is mainly used by tourists, but some of the local astronomers still use it to predict water, although they in many cases have to give in to modern science and calculations. In between the buildings there are small fields of grass.

GEOMETRY

AERIAL VIEW

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Parc des Buttes Chaumont Paris, France_48°52’51.62”N 2°22’58.65”E_241Decars

DESCRIPTION

Buttes Chaumont used to be a stone and gypsum quarry before it was turned in to a garbage dump. Napoleon decided to build a park to please the Parisians and also improve the appearance of the district. When visiting the new park the Parisians discovered a sumptuous landscape, with small cliffs and picturesque hills of a romantic inspiration. The new park amazed the public, as its style was totally opposed to the normal French parks, usually planned with straight lines and avenues. The park gives the visitors the feeling of being in a wild and ideal nature, while this nature has been carefully designed, improved and brought out with romantic details. There is also a two hectare wide lake and two artificial streams, and one of them ends up above a grotto in a thirty-two meter high waterfall. The vault of this grotto is twenty meters high and is adorned with fake stalactites. Today it is the third largest park in Paris, and very much visited by both tourists and local inhabitants.

CONTROLLED NATURE

TOURIST MAP ENTRANCE

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SKANSEN Stockholm, Sweden, 59°19′34″N 18°06′13″E

DESCRIPTION

Skansen,the first open air museum and zoo in Sweden is located on the island Djurgården in Stockholm, Sweden. It was founded in 1891 to show the way of life in the different parts of Sweden before the industrial era. Skansen attracts more than 1.3 million visitors each year. The many exhibits over the 75 acre (300,000 m²) site include a full replica of an average 19th-century town, in which craftsmen in traditional dress such as tanners, shoemakers, silversmiths, bakers and glass-blowers demonstrate their skills in period surroundings. Besides there are animals to be admired, and rich variety of cultural activities organized.

INTERACTIONS

MAP LANDSCAPE PHOTO

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VILLARICA NATIONAL PARK Chile, La Araucania 39°25′S 71°56′W

DESCRIPTION

Situated on a lateral arm of the Andes mountain range, the park is characterized by its volcanoes, forests, caves, rivers and lagoons. The park has an area of 63 thousand hectares with extensive forests which host a variety of fauna. Terms Geometrics by architect German del Sol, 2005, give the visitors opportunity for bathing in the thermal water in the middle of the forest. the Geometric Hot Springs profit from around sixty springs of pure hot thermal water, which altogether gather 15 liters per second that sprout naturally at 80º C temperature.

INTERVENTION

AERIAL VIEW UNDERWATER LIFE

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STORA HÄSTÖ Saaristomeri Natural Park,Finland 60°04,0’ N, 21°32,2’ E

DESCRIPTION

In the heart of the Archipelago sea the State Forestry founded their first underwater nature path. The path is intended for both divers and snorkelers with routes visible from the water surface and going down to 10 meters. The path begins from a sheltered cove and continues 300 meters towards the sea,The followers will be able to admire the sea fauna and circumstances typical for Baltic Sea. The information tables attached to the bottom rise visitors´knowledge about the underwater life in the area.

NEW TERRITORY

MAP

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FOREST OF OMA Natural park of Uribaldi/ Spain_43°33’N 02°60’W_

DESCRIPTION

Forest of Oma is located in the Vasque Country (North of Spain). This natural park of pine trees has been treated and modified by the sculptor and painter Agustin Ibarrola. This very colorful paintings have modified the landscape drastically, creating a very personal approach to the landscape. The paintings are inspired by human and animal shapes, as well as geometrical figures which converts this forest in a magical place. This paintings are composed in two different ways; the first one is one the drawing is painted only in one tree, and the second one is when the draving is composed in different trees. This second option creates a movement and an interaction between the forest-the painting-the visitor making a much narrow relationship between them.

TREES AND ART

MAP

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Jardín de la Isla Aranjuez/Madrid, Spain_40°02’11’’N 03°36’33’’W_

DESCRIPTION

Jardín de la Isla is the most pure Italian garden style in Spain. The development of this kind of garden is not very usual in Spain because of the lack of rain and water, but Aranjuez (located 50km south of Madrid) is crossed by the longest river in Spain. This situation, together with the flat terrain makes an ideal place for this kind of gardens. This garden is situated in an artificial island and it is part of a much more complex urbanism situation. This is just a little part of the huge intervention of Juan de Herrera (Architech of El Escorial monastery) to structure all the western part of Madrid region (from Aranjuez to El Escorial). The main axis of the garden is marked by different kind of fountains made by Italian sculptors which gives a pace and a rhythm to it.

PHOTOS

MAP

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East Park Caracas/Venezuela_10°29’47’’N 66°50’27’’W_0.82km2

DESCRIPTION

The father of the modern gardens. Following the theories of Le Corbusier or Mies Van der Rohe, he creates a richer language in terms of modernity driving the free plan to the maximum grade of richness. He was the first one who introduce Brazilian plants in the public parks in Brazil, until that moment they only used foreign plants, so he had to grown his own plants in green houses made by himself. Most of his intervention is inspired by abstract painters (Jean Arp) or sculptors. He introduces also public program such as libraries or sport installations, so now the park is not only a place to go and walk, but also a meeting point to do very different activities with the introduction of this kind of programs.

PHOTO

MAP

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Madrid Río Madrid/Spain_40°25’05’’N 03°43’16’’W_6,94km2

DESCRIPTION

Madrid Río has been one of the most ambitious and expensive projects that has been build in Madrid in the last years. With a length of the park of more than 10km, the main intervention was to buried the existing highway under the Manzanares River, so you can create a new park in the place where this highway was. The organic forms reminds to the gardens of Burle Marx, and they are the link between the different programs (mainly sport programs) Also the construction of new bridges by very famous architects such as Dominique Perrault and the rehabilitation of the old one has create an easier access for the population in Madrid to the park. This kind of very different programs have done the park a very lively place to go and spend the day. Despite of the controversy that the cost of this park has create, most of the population is happy with it, because they had a highway full of noise and pollution and now they have a green area to enjoy!

MOVEMENT

THE AXIS

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VERSAILLES ÎLE-DE-FRANCE, FRANCE_48°80’14’’N, 2°13’01’’W_Palace:90 833 m²

DESCRIPTION

When the château in Versailles was built, Versailles was a country village. Today it is a wealthy suburb of Paris, 20 kilometers southwest of the capital. The court of Versailles was the center of political power in France from 1682, when Louis XIV moved from Paris, until the royal family was forced to return to the capital in October 1789 after the beginning of the French Revolution. Versailles is therefore famous not only as a building, but as a symbol of the system of absolute monarchy of the Ancien Régime. From the central window of the Hall of mirrors the visitor look down on the grand perspective that leads the gaze from the Water Parterre to the horizon. This original perspective, which preceded the reign of Louis XIV, was developed and prolonged by the gardener André Le Nôtre by widening the Royal Path and digging the Grand Canal. This vast perspective stretches from the facade of the Château de Versailles to the railings of the park.

PUBLIC PRIVET

SITE MAP EXPLODED AXON MAP

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PARC DE LA VILLETTE PARIS, FRANCE_48°89’34’’N, 2°38’72’’W_5 500 000 m²

DESCRIPTION

The Parc de la Villette is one of the largest parks in Paris, located at the northeastern edge of the 19th arrondissement. The park houses one of the largest concentration of cultural venues in Paris, including the Cité des Sciences et de l’Industrie (City of Science and Industry), Europe’s largest science museum, three major concert venues and the prestigious Conservatoire de Paris. The park was designed by Bernard Tschumi, a French architect of Swiss origin, who built it from 1984 to 1987 on the site of the huge Parisian abattoirs (slaughterhouses) and the national wholesale meat market, as part of an urban redevelopment project. Probably the most iconic pieces of the park, the follies act as architectural representations of deconstruction. The follys are buildings constructed primarily for decoration, but either suggesting by its appearance some other purpose. Thirty-five follies are placed on a grid and offer a distinct organization to the park. Architecturally, the follies are meant to act as points of reference that help visitors gain a sense of direction and navigate throughout the space.

RED

AERIAL VIEW

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MUSICON ROSKILDE, DENMARK_55°62’76’’N, 12°08’07’’W_250 000 m²

DESCRIPTION

Musicon is a suburb in Roskilde city, which was a concrete industry until 2003. Today, it consists of creative companies, dance-teather, exhibitions for artists, skate hall, outdoor scating, student housing and other rooms for rent. The suburb grows all the time, and The suburb grows all the time, and offers a lot of creative performances. In 2012, there was 70 performances in Musicon, and 200 students living in the area. When Musicon is fully developed in about 10 - 15 years, it will be a culture-suburb with lots of life, around 650 apartments and 2000 employments under culture industry.

ENERGY AND MOVEMENT

AERIAL VIEW

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ROSKILDE FESTIVAL ROSKILDE, DENMARK_55°61’93’’N, 12°07’98’’W_1 000 000 m²

DESCRIPTION

Roskilde is a city in Denmark. 9 days every summer, a huge music festival takes place on the land outside the city centre. The fields turns out to be huge tent spaces for around 100 000 people that joins the festival. The festival was originally for the hippies, but today it covers more of the mainstream youth from Scandinavia and the rest of Europe. The bands presented at Roskilde Festival are traditionally a balanced mix of large, well-known artists, cutting-edge artists from all contemporary genres, popular crowd-pleasing acts plus local Scandinavian headlines and up-and-coming names.

ASSEMBLY RENDER

MAP PLATFORM

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NATIONAL TOURIST ROUTE TROLLSTIGEN ROMSDALEN, NORWAY_62°46’00’’N, 7°67’05’’E 150 000 m²

DESCRIPTION

Trollstigen is a mountain road in Rauma, Norway. It is a popular tourist attraction due to its steep incline of 9%. Trollstigen was opened on July 31, 1936, by King Haakon VII after 8 years of construction. From 2004 - 2012, Reiuld Ramstad architects drew a visitor centre, and a viewpoint to the nature, up in the mountain. The materials used in the project, underscore the site’s temper and character, and well-adapted, functional facilities augment the visitor’s experience. The architecture is characterised by clear and precise transitions between planned zones and the natural landscape. Through the notion of water as a dynamic element (from snow, to running and then falling water) and rock as a static element, the project creates a series of prepositional relations that describe and magnify the unique spatiality of the site.

CULTIVATED

SITE PLAN

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BRYANT PARK NEW YORK CITY, U.S._40°75’37’’N, 73°98’49’’E_39 000 m²

DESCRIPTION

Bryant Park is a public park located in Manhattan, New York City. Bryant Park is built entirely over an underground structure which houses the New York Public Library’s archives. The park is known for being peaceful, as a contrast to the noisy New York city. One year after the September 11, 2001 attack on the World Trade Center in New York City, Bryant Park Corporation set up a temporary memorial of 2,819 empty chairs on the lawn, one for each of the lives lost in the attacks, facing the site where the Twin Towers once stood.

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PHOTOS

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MAP PHOTO

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ERFT RIVER NEUSS, GERMANY_51°9’57’’N, 6°41’56’’E_103 KM

DESCRIPTION

The Erft is a river in North Rhine-Westphalia in Germany. It flows through the foothills of the Eifel, and joins the Lower Rhine as a left tributary. Its origin is near Nettersheim, and its mouth in Neuss-Grimlinghausen south of the Josef-Cardinal-Frings-bridge. The river is significantly shorter than it was originally. Due to the open-pit mining of lignite in the Hambacher Loch, the flow of the river had to be changed. The Erft gave its name to the town of Erftstadt, through which it flows, as well as to the Rhein-Erft district. It also flows through the towns of Bad Münstereifel, Euskirchen, Bergheim, Bedburg and Grevenbroich. The river is often used for fishing, and kayaking.

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PHOTOS

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MAPS

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PARC DEL LABERINT Dâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;HORTA Barcelona_Spain_41.439887,2.145987_91000m2

DESCRIPTION

Initiated in 1791 with a neoclassic garden, the park was designed mostly by the Italian engineer Domenico Bagutti. The park have a complex water systems and is built on a steep site. The garden had a romantic amplification around mid 1800s. The Neoclassical garden on the lower terrace (B) have a large hedge maze that gives the park its name. The maze is made up of 750 metres of trimmed cypress trees. According to a review on artsnotes.com this is a park where â&#x20AC;&#x153;you can get lost in a labyrinth made of trimmed cypress trees, walk across a bridge running over a little canal, and sit by beautiful pools overlooking a majestic view of the city. The hedge is a maze, not a labyrinth, as a labyrinth shall have only one path from the entrance to the exit. A maze have choices in the pathway, and may have several entrances and exits, like in Horta. The labyrinth is an old structure, found on coins dating back to 430 BC., and known from Greek mythology hosting the Minotaur, mythical creature half man half bull, that was fed with animals chasen into the structure.

THE MAZE

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AERIAL VIEW

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HORNØYA BIRDCLIFF BIRDHIDE AND WINDSHELTER Hornøya, Vardø_70.387794,31.154102_size unknown

DESCRIPTION

This birdhide and wind-shelter is made from a sketch, and then adapted to the winds and conditions of the plot during the building process. The architects are former BAS-students Elin Varanger and Tormod Amundsen in Biotope. The Hornøya birdhide was built in 2010 / 2011, and is one of many bird viewing points the couple have completed, amongst them Steilneset which form part of the National Tourist Route in Varanger. Hornøya is one of Varangers main attractions. This is the easiest accessible bird cliff in Norway, and it is reached by a 10 minutes boat trip from Vardø. The birdhide and wind shelter can be interpreted as an invitation for people to use the island, and thereby converting it from just a “island full of birds” to a “bird-park”. The nature reserve is home to 150 000 seabirds, and one is allowed to walk around the bird cliff, under and above it. “We aim to make this a good as possible experience for all the visitors, at the same time it is important not to disturb the birds.” Biotope write about the project.

SOLITUDE

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AERIAL VIEW

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MYRBÆRHOLMEN FISHING BRIDGES / ATLANTIC ROAD Myrbærholmen, Averøy_63.112309,7.317924_435m2

DESCRIPTION

The fishing bridge was constructed in 2010 and is drawn by man they kula in cooperation with the Norwegian architects Beate Hølmebakk and Per Tamsen. The site is a very good fishing spot and people fishing from the road represented a safety problem. The new cantilevered walkways provide secure ground for both fishers and tourist enjoying the view over the Atlantic Ocean. The railings of the bridge were designed to improve fishing for the disabled. The bridge is situated a little north west from the “main” Atlantic road, but still operates within a road structure of unbroken chains and lines. The Norwegian social anthropologist Runar Døving argues in Arkitektur N 8/12 that to him the Atlantic road is the only project in the Norwegian Tourist Routes that has a goal in itself, and that way turns into one, while many of the other can be critiqued for framing the landscape, facilitating the tourist with a prefabricated “beautiful” view to take the same picture as everybody else, and then continue driving.

BETWEEN LAND AND LAND

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AERIAL VIEW

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FORT WORTH WATER GARDEN Forth Worth, Texas, USA_32.74776,-97.32694_17400m2

DESCRIPTION

Built 1974, designed by modern/post-modern architects Philip Johnson and John Burgee. Flanked by the convention center, railroads, and an elevated freeway, Johnson designed the asymmetrical space to occupy multiple levels. The park is mostly lower in the terrain than its surrounding, and therefore manages to escape a lot of the noise (sound move upwards), making it a quiet refugee in the city. Unlike his rectilinear Museum of Modern Art sculpture garden in New York City, Johnson, in the Fort Worth Water Garden angular, used polygonal forms of concrete, water, and vegetation shift and undulate across the park. The series of walkways, pools, terraces, and a central plaza create varied spaces that are both open, closed, sunken, raised, private, and public. The three main pools, celebrate different characteristics of water. The Quiet Pool features a sheet of water falling down into a still, sunken pool surrounded by bald cypress, while the Dancing Pool boasts forty aerating fountains. The highlight of the park is the Active Pool, where water rushes down steep, stone steps to a roaring gorge forty feet below.

MEETING PLATFORM

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PHOTO

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TERRESTRIAL SHRUB ROVER Anywhere_6 m2

DESCRIPTION

â&#x20AC;&#x153;From the time of our birth, humans have felt a primordial urge to explore to blaze new trails, map new lands, and answer profound questions about ourselves and our universeâ&#x20AC;?. - NASA Justin Shull made the Terrestrial Shrub Rover as a counteract to NASAs forthcoming 2020 lunar expeditions, where they are intending to make preparations for colonizing the moon. The Terrestrial Shrub Rover presents the opportunity to explore terrestrial and social environments back on Earth from within a manned, foliage bedecked, solar electric powered rover. The idea was that with its shrub-looking exterior it would easily blend into its surroundings whether it was nature, residential area etc. So that one does not have to worry about interfering people or animals around.

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MOBILITY

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AERIAL VIEW DRAWING

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BOERENHOL’ [PARK]ING Boerenhol/Courtrai, Belgique_50°49’44,97’’N 3°16’15,62’’E_800 m2

DESCRIPTION

The Boerenhol’s [ParK]ing was made by Wagon-Landscaping. It was an experimental garden where the landscape architects wanted to recycle form and usage of a parking-space, transform the ground and the soil and create a new public space it the city. In this project the architects are giving nature the opportunity to take back some of the areas that we humans have covered with asphalt, and bringing small pockets of nature into a city-structure. “We must find innovative and ecological solutions in a world where soils are more impermeable. The idea to remake a fertile ground from parking contributes to this debate”.

PHOTOS

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AERIAL VIEW

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GARDEN OF DECAYING BOOKS Metis/Quebec, Canada_48°37’40,93’’N 68°07’22,21’’W_250 m2

DESCRIPTION

Every year The International Garden Festival at Les Jardins de Metis is held, and in 2010 100Landschaftsarchitektur with Rodney Latourelle made The Jardin de la Connaissance, Garden of Decaying Books, as their contribution to the festival. Walls, benches and carpets are all made of 40000 discarded books. They structure a series of rooms and the rooms are framing and dissolving into their environment. Implementation of the concept of transformation is the garden’s primary aesthetic structure. Several varieties of edible mushrooms are cultivated on the books, they visualize decay as a life-cycle segment, and knowledge is exemplified as a process. As time has passed, more and more elements from the nature have settled their roots on these books. “Knowledge is never to be had without effort and cultivation, it requires the preparation of a seeding ground to generate and be created anew”.

DECAY

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AERIAL VIEW

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VIGELANDSPARKEN Oslo/Norway_59°55’36,78N 10°42’05,95 E_3200000m2

DESCRIPTION

Vigeland Park is an architecturally treated park and is situated in Frogner Park, on the west side of Oslo. It stretches from Frognerdammene to Vestre Gravlund, ca.320 acres. The park is the world’s largest sculpture park made by a single artist and is portraying Gustav Vigeland’s lifework with 212 sculptures in bronze, granite and wrought iron. The park was built after Vigelands drawings, but he didn’t live to see it finished. The park was mainly completed between 1939 and 1949. Most of the sculptures are placed in five units along an 850 meter long axis: The Main gate, the Bridge with the Children’s playground, the Fountain, the Monolith plateau and the Wheel of Life. One of the most famous sculptures in the park is the Monolith. The column is over 14 meters high, is carved out of a single granite block and consists of 121 characters. The Wheel of Life is a symbol of eternity and is designed as a garland of women, children and men holding on to each other forever. This sculpture summarizes the park’s dramatic theme - Reflections on the human journey from cradle to grave; through happiness and grief, dreams, hope and the longing for eternity.

FIGURES

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MAP

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HADRIAN’S VILLA Tivoli/Italy_41°56’32,97N 12°46’26,03E_3200m2

DESCRIPTION

The villa was constructed at Tivoli, as a retreat from Rome for the Roman Emperor Hadrian during the second and third decades of the 2nd century AD. It was more like a city than a Villa, and during the later years of his reign, he actually governed the empire there. Hadrian greatly admired the Greek culture, and this is clearly seen in the Villa. One of the projects is the Canopus and Serapeum, a pool and an artificial grotto. The Grotto at the end of the pool is made out of concrete and has an unusual pumpkin-shaped dome, it is said that Hadrian designed it himself. Greek columns and copies of famous Greek statues lined the pool. The Corinthian colonnade at the curved end of the pool is, however, of a type unknown in the Classical Greek architecture. This simultaneous respect for Greek architecture and willingness to break Greek design rules is typical for much of the Roman architecture of the High Empire. After Hadrian, the villa was used by his various successors. During the decline of the Roman Empire the villa fell into disuse and was partially ruined. In the 16th century Cardinal Ippolito II d’Este had much of the marble and statues in Hadrian’s villa removed to decorate his own Villa d’Este located nearby.

WEALTH

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AERIAL VIEW

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PUMA PUNKU Tiwanaku, Bolivia_16°33’42.08’’S,68°40’47.75’’W_2 km2

DESCRIPTION

Dated from around 1510 B.C. Puma Punku is an intriguing site both from cultural perspective and construction analysis, illustrating impressive achievements in construction and craft. The site once had a large platform mound with three levels of retaining walls. In order to sustain the weight of the massive structures, the builders and designers were meticulous in creating stable foundations, fitting and digging with astonishing precision. The complex was a place for carrying out rituals of ancient Indian tribes, it is a part of a large temple complex called the Tiwanaku Site. The complex consists of several courts, a plaza, a terraced platform faced with megalithic stones. The terrace is 168 meter by 117 meter.

PEACEFUL RUINS

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PLAN

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002

ALHAMBRA Granada, Spain_37°10’37’’N,3°35’24’’W_20 km2

DESCRIPTION

The Alhambra palace is located on a hill with beautiful views towards Granada and the mountains of Sierra-Nevada. The complex was originally built in the 9th century, however it was converted to a palace at the end of the 13th century. The palace consists of residential quarters, chambers, a bath, a mosque, and gardens. The series of courtyards and the rooms surrounding them represent a varied repertoire of Moorish architecture; arcades columnar and one of the most significant collection of geometry in architecture. The Alhambra decoration elements are remarkable in that they contain all of the seventeen mathematically possible pattern groups, a mathematical classification of a two dimensional repetitive patterns, based on symmetries in patterns. Today the complex is an official UNESCO World Heritage Site.

AERIAL VIEW DETAIL

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SITE PLAN PHOTO

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KATZURA IMPERIAL VILLA Kyoto, Japan_34°59’2’’N,135°42’34’’E_0.7 km2

DESCRIPTION

The complex is located in the southwest suburbs of Kyōto, it consists of several structures and gardens. Originally built as a Royal estate in the early 17th century, the complex lies on the bank of the Katsura River. The river supplies the water for its ponds and streams. Revealed to the Western world by Bruno Taut in the early twentieth century, the complex fascinated the architectural community. Both Le Corbusier and Walter Gropius, were fascinated by its “modernity.” The use of modulars and the avoidance from decoration. The tea ceremony, performed at the pavilions, is a very important part of Japanese culture, the ceremony aims at emphasizing the spiritual process of making the tea. The architecture is designed to enhance to capture that goal. Gardens at that time were often composed of a series of views similar to postcards of famous natural landscapes, sometimes the landscape was manipulated to project a scene from a legends.

THE POSTCARD

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AERIAL PHOTO

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SKI DUBAI Dubai, United Arab Emirates_25°7’’N,55°11’54’’E_0.0225 km2

DESCRIPTION

Ski Dubai is an indoor ski center that is imitating a site with natural properties that are alienated to the desert type environment. The ski center is part of a larger shopping complex called The Mall of the Emirates. It is one of the largest and most sophisticated malls in the world. Ski Dubai is also a “home” to a number of penguins. Interactions with penguin can be purchased by the public, providing an experience such as one might expect in a zoo. The building is maintained at a constant temperature with an efficient insulation system that facilitate temperature between −1 degree Celsius and −6 degrees Celsius. Snow is produces at night when the facility is vacant.

MAN MADE

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AERIAL VIEW

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HULA LAKE PARK Hulla Valley, Israel_33°6’12’’N,35°36’33’’E_60 km2

DESCRIPTION

Located in the Galilee, Hula lake is one of the most important bird-watching sites in the world. The site serves as a home base for hundred thousands of white cranes on their voyage towards South Africa. The re-flooding of the site in the early 1990s took place with the goal to preserve the natural local habitat, to stop the erosion process and to prevent pollutants from flowing into the underground aquifers. This initiative upgraded the agriculture and rejuvenated the ecosystems in the area. Today the park provide an opportunity to learn about natural processes and enjoy patch of nature in a small country. It also provide a close-up encounter with birds migration in their natural habitat with very minimal constructed interventions.

HABITS IN NATURE

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PLAN

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SUPERKILEN Copenhagen, Denmark_55°42’0’’N,12°32’45’’E_30 km2

DESCRIPTION

The shocking appearance of the square is foreign to the normative perception of a space in a city. It’s red and purple colors create the connotation of an amusement park rather than a public space. However,the park provide a specific sector of the society a safe haven within the city to explore and engage in recreation. The red square is part of a green bicycle route of the city, and therefore will be used extensively. The space is true to the idea that everyone deserve a space in the city in order to feel belong. The red square provides opportunities such as sport facilities and bicycle racks, thus invite people to stay in the space. It also provides a wall for graffiti use.

CITY FOR THE OTHER HALF

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SITE MAP

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SKOGSKYRKOGARDEN Stockholm, Sweeden_59°16’32’’N,18°5’58’’E_1,011 km2

DESCRIPTION

The project established a new form of cemetery that has exerted a profound influence on cemetery design throughout the world. It is an example of a design that multi-cross several features, a metaphor for the process of death and rebirth. Blending natural vegetation with architectural features to create a landscape that provide a poetic experience. Unlike most of its contemporaries, the cemetery evokes a more primitive imagery. Te intervention of footpaths, running freely through the site is minimal. Graves are laid without excessive alignment. Interventions created by the architects such as the chapels are strategically places in order to blend in the nature and to create a humble dialog with it.

SCATTERED LIGHT

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SYMBIOSIS

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Cancun Underwater Museum Mexico, Isla Mujeres, 21.14,14,27N-86.44,39,21E

DESCRIPTION

Cancun Underwater Museum is a series of sculptures by Jason deCaires Taylor. The sculptures where placed underwater, off the coast of Isla de Mujeres and CancĂşn, Mexico. The project began in November 2009 to conserve the coral reef and generate tourism. Jason placed hundreds one to one sized statues in shallow waters of the CancĂşn National Marine Park, which had been previously damaged by storms. The sculptures are created with pH-neutral marine concrete and are based on members of the local community. The artist planned the sculptures as artificial reefs with fire coral planted in the initial sculptures. Snorkelers, scuba divers, and tourists in glass-bottom boats all visit the underwater installation.

AERIAL VIEW

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AERIAL VIEW

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063

RODEN CRATER Coconino, AZ 86004, USA_35.25â&#x20AC;&#x2122;11.57N_111.14â&#x20AC;&#x2122;01.56V_4,8km2

DESCRIPTION

Roden Crater is an extinct volcanic cinder cone, situated at an elevation of approximately 5,400 feet in the San Francisco Volcanic Field near Arizonans Painted Desert and the Grand Canyon. The roughly 400,000 year old, 600 foot tall red and black cinder cone is being turned into a monumental work of art and naked eye observatory by the artist James Turrell. Working with visual phenomena that have interested man since the dawn of civilization, the Roden Crater project will bring the light of the heavens down to earth, linking visitors with the celestial movements of planets, stars and distant galaxies. In addition to exploring the interplay of light and space in his art, Turrell has looked closely at the design of ancient observatories as places for visual perception.

FRAME

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AERIAL VIEW

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064

LIGHTNING FIELD WALTER DE MARIA Catron NM 87827 USA_34.31â&#x20AC;&#x2122;13.28N_108.06â&#x20AC;&#x2122;18.79V_1,6km2

DESCRIPTION

Set in the middle of an empty plateau 7200 feet above sea level, 400 stainless steel poles are placed in the form of a grid. The grid measures 1 mile by 1 kilometer, and the poles are set 220 feet apart from one another. Because the land undulates slightly, the poles - two inches in diameter - vary in height: the shortest is 15 feet and the longest is 26 feet 9 inches. The poles are several times higher than an average person, and the tops end up on a plane level. The installation is intended to be viewed in isolation or with a very small group of people.

ENERGY

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AERIAL VIEW

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051

GREAT WALL OF CHINA Yuanyangsong, China. 40째25,37,15.N 116째33,44,99.E 21.196 km.

DESCRIPTION

The Great Wall of China is a series of fortifications made of stone, brick, tamped earth, wood, and other materials, built along an east-towest line across the historical northern borders of China, to protect the Chinese Empire In 2001, Neil Armstrong stated about the view from Apollo 11: I do not believe that, at least with my eyes, there would be any manmade object that I could see. I have not yet found somebody who has told me they have seen the Wall of China from Earth orbit....I have asked various people, particularly Shuttle guys, that have been many orbits around China in the daytime, and the ones I have talked to did not see it.

MOVEMENT AND LANDSCAPE

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PLAN AERIAL VIEW

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023

BERLIN TEMPELHOF AIRPORT Berlin, Germany 52° 28′ 25″ N, 13° 24′ 6″ E 284000 m2

DESCRIPTION

The airport was a part of Albert Speer’s plan for the reconstruction of Berlin. At the time it was constructed it was the largest building in the world. The main visual element of the building is its inward curve measuring 1200 meters n length. The front of the building is structured using towers, tuos were used as staircases placed at intervals of 70 meters. The facade is clad with panels with a strong expression of the row windows. Works on site started in 1923. In anticipation of increasing air traffic, the Nazi government began a massive reconstruction in the mid-1930s.

AERIAL VIEW PHOTO

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MAP

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008

VALDRES NATUR-OG KULTURPARK Valdres, Norway 60°55,33.65.N 9°21,16.85.E 5406 km2

DESCRIPTION

Valdres natural and cultural park was established in June 2007, the park is a regional rural development through brand-building related to natural and cultural values will be providing increased value, vigor and desired development of Valdres. VNCP is organized in cooperation with the private sectors representatives in Valdres Business Forum and the political Valdres. VNCP is registered in the organization Norwegian Park. Valdres natural and cultural park has been identified as a crucial tool for interaction between culture, tourism, environment and food traditions.

CURIOSITY

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PLAN

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030

LONDON HEATHROW AIRPORT London, England 51°28,20.57,N 00°27,03.38,E 12,2 km2

DESCRIPTION

London Heathrow Airport or Heathrow is a major international airport serving London. Heathrow is the busiest airport in the United Kingdom and the third busiest airport in the world. With 133,666,888 passengers traveling through the six airports of London. The airport sustains 76,600 jobs directly and around 116,000 indirectly in the immediate area, and this, together with the large number of global corporations with offices close to the airport, makes Heathrow a modern aerotropolis which contributes an estimated 2.7% to London’s total GVA.

TRANSITION

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MAP

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SCENIC LOOKOUT Philippines 7.63485 125.132357

DESCRIPTION

Scenic lookout is located in Bukidnon, itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s a small path which provide a view of the entire surrounding area, aside from the panoramic view you can also see some magnificent artwork of Kublai Millan. This place is one of the very first hits on Nature Culture Park on Google.

PHOTO

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AERIAL VIEW

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016

ISHOTELLET JukkasjĂ¤rvi, Sweden 67.849683,20.595653

DESCRIPTION

Ishotellet is a hotel in solid ice located in Sweden. You go there for skiing, looking at northern lights and to get a nature/culture -experience. They focus on art and nature. I think this might be the furthest away from nature you can go and still call it a nature culture park. This is mostly a building, challenging my earlier statement of a nature culture park being a gallery without a building. This is instead a gallery/hotel with a building carved out of the surrounding landscape. If the building was made out of earth maybe it would be the same? If it was made out of concrete it for sure wouldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t be a nature culture park.

PHOTOS

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AERIAL VIEW

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OLD JEWISH CEMETERY Josefov, Prague, Czech Republic 50.090243 14.424167

DESCRIPTION

The old Jewish cemetery is one of the oldest “western”-type cemeteries still around. What make this interesting as a nature culture park is the thought of it as being something combined with nature originally. Even though it was a cemetery first and now is a historical culture place it intention already from the start was being a nature-place. Today it’s a nature culture park but it used to be a nature cemetery. When a cemetery turn into a nature culture park might be hard to say, but it is somewhere between when people stop using it as a cemetery and when people start vising it for the place rather then the persons.

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LAYERS

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MAP

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EASTER ISLAND Isla de Pascua, Chile 27.12041,-109.363575

DESCRIPTION

Starting as something completely else Easter island have now converted to being a nature culture park. Originally thought as a defense system, now ~3000 years later the statues at Easter island just stand as a historical culture reference. Nature have taken over and almost buried the statues that do have legs etc. I guess calling this a nature culture park make all historical reminings standing in nature today into nature culture parks. This might be a to broad definition, but at the same time putting two words like nature and culture together is just asking for a easy way out.

ON THE LOOKOUT

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SITE MAP

015

HAGAPARKEN Hagaparken, Solna, Sweden 61.606396 21.225586

DESCRIPTION

Hagaparken is a popular nature culture park in Solna, north of Stockholm. Within the park is Haga Palace, King Gustav III’s Pavilion, The Chinese Pavilion, the Echo Temple, The Turkish Kiosk, a unfinished castle and several other buildings. There is for example a butterfly-house among others. In the park is also the Royal Burial Ground of the Swedish royal family and have been since 1922. It is also included in the Royal national-park. From the start it was planned as a “British park” but because of how popular it was it got expanded quickly and doubled in size during it’s first 15 years as a built park. It was founded and developed by Gustav III during 1780-1797. The Architects that developed the park was Fredrik Magnus Piper, Louis Jean Desprez, Olof Tempelman and Carl Christoffer Gjörwell d.y. But also Gustav III did some of the sketches of his own. The song Fjäriln vingad by Carl Michael Bellman is entirely dedicated to the park.

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DRAWING PHOTO

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AERIAL VIEW

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050

BEIJING BOTANICAL GARDEN Haidian, China 59.364722 18.030556

DESCRIPTION

The Beijing Botanical Garden was established in 1955. It covers a large area of 564,000 square meters. The gardens include a dozen exhibition districts and halls, such as the tree garden, a perennial bulb garden, a rose garden, a peony garden, a traditional Chinese medical herb garden, a wild fruit resources district, an environment protection plant district, a water and vine plant district, an endangered plant district, and exhibition greenhouses for tropical and subtropical plants. There are several Buddhist temples located within the botanic gardens. The gardens cultivate 6,000 species of plant, including 2,000 kinds of trees and bushes, 1,620 varieties of tropical and subtropical plants, 500 species of flowers and 1,900 kinds of fruit trees, water plants, traditional Chinese.

CURATED NATURE

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BIRDS EYE VIEW

011

GRIP Kristiansund,Nordmøre_32, Ø:429330 N:7010781 0.48 km2

DESCRIPTION

The first indications of settlement at Grip is from the ninth century, where fishermen settled close to the fishing grounds. Grip might because of that, be the oldest settlement in the Nordmøre district. Storm surges destroyed most of the fishing village in 1796 and again in 1804, leaving only the church and a few other houses. The first breakwaters were constructed in 1882 and a harbor capable of landing small ships was not ready until 1950. The new harbor provided excessive materials which were used to create a small football pitch. It is now used as a recreational space for private summerhouses and tourists interested in experiencing the fishing culture of the west.

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THROUGH GLASS

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LIGHTS

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LAS VEGAS STRIP United States,Nevada_36°10′30″N 115°08′11″W 352 km2

DESCRIPTION

Las Vegas is a amusement park for adults, in some settings it is referred to as Disneyland for adults above 21 years old. This is a comical view, albeit very true in some sens. What happens in Vegas stays in Vegas. Along the main road various cultural icons from the world are reproduced, often in a appropriated scale to fit the surroundings. Much like Disneyland faithful reproduction of the imaginary landscape found in the animations of Walt Disney. Wikipedia:”The gambling and entertainment industry in Las Vegas is mostly focused in the Las Vegas Strip. The Strip is not actually located in city limits, but instead in the surrounding unincorporated communities of Paradise and Winchester. The largest and most notable casinos and buildings are located there”. So the most noticeable part of Las Vegas which I thought to be the city of Las Vegas is infect a separate curated space of gambling and other money related activities.

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THE STRIP

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MARCHING THE STREETS

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DESCRIPTION

166

Lewes Guy Fawkes Night East Sussex, England _ 50°52’32.26” N

0° 1’ 4.28” E

Lewes Bonfire night is the worlds largest Guy Fawkes celebration. Always held on 5 November, unless the 5th falls on a Sunday, when they are held on Saturday 4th, the event not only marks the date of the uncovering of the Gunpowder Plot in 1605, but also commemorates the memory of the seventeen Protestant martyrs from the town burnt at the stake for their faith during the Marian Persecutions. There are six societies putting on five separate parades and firework displays simultaneously, these are themed, with period dress and many often ‘blacken up’ to represent actors from various parts of British Colonial history. Typically with 3,000 participants and a further 80,000 spectators the local council asks visitors to stay away. Lewes is otherwise a provincial market town with a permanent population of just under 16,000.

SATURATED AERIAL VIEW

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PLAN AERIAL VIEW

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059

LOVE PARK (JFK Plaza) Philadelphia/PA,United States_ N 39° 57’ 15.1734”, W 75° 9’ 57.0636” ? km2

DESCRIPTION

The park is the work of formally city planner Edmund Bacon and architect Vincent G. Kling. The original name of the park is JFK Plaza but is nicknamed Love Park because of Robert Indiana’s Love statue first placed there in 1976. The park was build in 1965, and by the 80’s professional skaters started exploring the space and videotaping their sessions there. “...LOVE hosted dozens who were content merely to skate there. These were the [skaters] who composed Love’s core of regulars—kids who rode the El (the Market-Frankford subway) from the Northeast and Frankford, skated downhill on Market Street from West Philly, through the neighborhoods of South Philly, Center City residents who moved specifically to skate nearby LOVE. It’s these folks whose day-long sessions generated the murmur that would eventually spread throughout the East Coast and to the [skateboarding] industry.” (Rick Valenzuela, author of the City Paper article “A Eulogy for a Fallen Landmark”)

PLACE FOR ALL

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PLAN

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001

STOWE LANDSCAPE GARDEN Buckingham, England _ 52°1′50.16″ N, 1°1′3″ W _ 160ha

DESCRIPTION

The landscape garden on the Stowe estate is the only example of its kind to have been designed by the three most significant practitioners of the time. Namely Charles Bridgeman (between 1711 and 1735), William Kent (after 1735) and finally Capability Brown (1741 to 1751). In addition to these garden designers, two key architects produced follies, temples, bridges and other structures to adorn the landscape. John Vanbrugh worked from 1720 until 1726 in the English Baroque style and was posthumously succeeded by James Gibbs. Highlights of the garden include the Elysian Fields with two Temples set opposite each other. Many of the features such as the ponds and lake were augmented and naturalized. Indeed the Palladian bridge, which was a newly fashionable style, was later joined by a Gothic Temple sited on Brown’s masterpiece, the Hawkwell Field. The carefully unfolding vistas are able to trick the casual visitor into believing it’s unspoilt, yet this belies the quite massive intervention that can be seen in lining artificial ponds with copper sheeting to stop drainage, and the considerable manual toil that was required in earth moving to create whole new valleys and hillsides.

THE GROUNDS

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FIRE

057

DESCRIPTION

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Burning Man Festival Black Rock Desert, Nevada _ 40°46’57.44” N

119° 12’ 29.75” W

Burning Man is a week-long annual event held in the Black Rock Desert in northern Nevada, in the United States. The event begins on the last Monday in August, and ends on the first Monday in September, which coincides with the American Labor Day holiday. It takes its name from the ritual burning of a large wooden effigy and temple on Saturday evening. The event is described by many participants as an experiment in community, art, radical self-expression, and radical self-reliance. Burning Man is organized by Black Rock City, LLC. In 2010, 51,515 people attended Burning Man.

COMES AND GOES

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AERIAL VIEW

109

DESCRIPTION

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Automausoleum Neandertal, Düsseldorf, Germany _ 51°13’36.30’’N

6° 57’ 4.00’’E

At the auto-sculpture park in the Neander Valley, Michael Frohlich has created his own automobile museum. Placing 50 cars from 1950, nestled throughout the woods expound the power of nature, which ultimately triumphs over all. A piece of racetrack curves steeply with historic Jaguar and Porsche racers delivered to their final eternal race. Elsewhere a remnant of Russian world power, a Moskovich built in 1950’s symbolizes the split and destruction of it’s country. Next a piece of the Berlin Wall, with graffiti from the East and West and a military jeep lost since WW2. Created in the summer of 2000, this “Automausoleum” from 50 mobile art objects, is a 50 year olds birthday present to the world.

END

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PHOTO

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097

Pebble Beach Concours d’Elegance Pebble Beach, Monterey, California _ 36°33’59.30’’N 121°56’48.00’’W

DESCRIPTION

Pebble Beach Concours d’Elegance is an annual car competition that takes place on a peninsular south of Monterey, California. The peninsular is the permanent residence of a world class Golf course, a 17 mile private road and multi-million dollar private residences. Once a year the area is taken over by the automotive aristocracy who participate in a series of races and parades. The final event is the Concours d’Elegance which has been taking place since 1952. It has become an international cultural event for the worlds most wealthy petrol heads. The combined value of the competing vehicles often exceeds $200 million. Each year several million dollars are given to charity during fundraising from the guests and participants.

PHOTO AERIAL VIEW

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DETAIL

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099

Nimis Land Art Kullaberg, Sweden_56°17′N 12°32′E 75km2

DESCRIPTION

Nimis Land-art is a name often used for an art project in Kullaberg Nature Reserve by the artist Lars Vilks (b. 1946). The work consists of several large structures built of driftwood in a remote area of the natural reserve. The artist built these wooden thorns or towers in 1980 to revenge the ocean after he nearly drowned. In 1984 the work was bought by the artist Joseph Beuys. After a couple of years the government discovered the site and claimed that it was illegal. The structures were to be demolished following a court decision, which led the artist to proclaiming a new country called “Ladonia” (after the Greek mythology serpent) in 1996.

TREE OF WOOD

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AERIAL VIEW

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017

Wanås park Sweeden_56.1860°N 14.0454°E 4km2

DESCRIPTION

Wanås park is an important scene for renowned contemporary artists like Yoko Ono. It has a sculpture park with 50 permanent art works, an indoor gallery, and each year chosen artists from around the world are invited to make art there. It also hosts seminars and workshops. The Wanås Castle was originally built in the 13th century, and was under Danish rule until The Seven Year War (1563-70), when the Castle was burned and rebuilt by the swedes. It was often visited by the famous Tycho Brahe whose uncle owned the castle. It was rebuilt around 1900, and is still owned by the Count. The park started off as a traditional English landscape style park connected to the Counts castle, but it is now an exhibition of landscape architecture as well as art with an artificial hills (one formed as a giant pen scribble), playgrounds and nature in man-made forms. It also has an organic farm.

TOUCHING GROUNDS

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CARE

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DAISEN-IN Kyoto,Japan_ WGS84 35° 2′ 40.44″ N, 135° 44′ 45.42″ E

DESCRIPTION

The zen garden at Daisen-en was created in the early 16h century, and is traditionally attributed to the monk-painter Soami. The main garden, is in an L shape, to the northeast of and facing the shoin, the study of the hojo, the residence of the head of the monastery. This part of the garden is a narrow strip just 3.7 meters wide, It contains a miniature landscape similar to a Song Dynasty landscape painting, composed of rocks suggesting mountains and a waterfall, clipped shrubs and trees representing a forest, and raked white gravel representing a river. The “river” splits into branches, one of which flows into a “Middle Sea” of raked white gravel and a few rocks; the other flows through a gate to a larger “Ocean” of white gravel. In the river are several symbolic stones; one resembles a boat moving with the current, and the other resembles the back of a turtle trying to swim upstream. The “Ocean” has two coneshaped hills of gravel, suggesting mountains. The “Middle Sea” and The “Ocean” Sea are connected by another passage of white gravel west of the building. The “Ocean” and the “Middle Sea” are both believed to be later additions to the original garden.

SERENITY

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LITTLE WORLD

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RYOAN-JI TEMPLE GARDEN Kyoto, Japan_ WGS84 35° 2′ 4″ N, 135° 43′ 6″ E

DESCRIPTION

The garden is rectangle of 340 square meters. Placed within it are fifteen stones of different sizes, carefully composed in five groups; one group of five stones, two groups of three, and two groups of two stones. The stones are surrounded by white gravel, which is carefully raked each day by the monks. The only vegetation in the garden is some moss around the stones. The meaning of the garden Many different theories have been put forward about what the garden is supposed to represent, from islands in a stream to swimming baby tigers to the peaks of mountains rising above the clouds to theories about secrets of geometry or of the rules of equilibrium of odd numbers. Garden historian Gunter Nitschke wrote: “The garden at Ryōan-ji does not symbolize anything, or more precisely, to avoid any misunderstanding, the garden of Ryōan-ji does not symbolize, nor does it have the value of reproducing a natural beauty that one can find in the real or mythical world. I consider it to be an abstract composition of “natural” objects in space, a composition whose function is to incite meditation.”

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DRAWING PHOTO

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MAP

034

BOIS-ROND Fontainebleu,France_ UTM 31U Ø:477984 N:5361881 94 /km2

DESCRIPTION

From summitpost.org: “Bois-Rond is a bouldering area located in the Southern part of the Fontainebleau massif. It is on the East side of the ForÃªt Domaniale des Trois-Pignons (Trois Pignons Forest). About 50 rocks are usually climbed, most of them offering several routes with different difficulties. No boulder exceeds 5m.” The map shows the 3 main circuits: Orange (AD), one of the two Blue circuits (D+) and the Red circuit (ED). The Fontainebleu forest: It is protected by France’s Office National des Forêts, and it is recognized as a French national park. It is managed in order that its wild plants and trees, such as the rare Service Tree of Fontainebleau, and its populations of birds, mammals, and butterflies, can be conserved. It is a former royal hunting park often visited by hikers and horse riders. The forest is also well regarded for bouldering and is particularly popular among climbers, as the biggest developed area of that kind in the world.

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ROUTS

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AERIAL VIEW

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049

Suicide Forest Aokigahara, Japan, 35°28’12’’N 138°37’11’’E 35/km2

DESCRIPTION

Aokigahara is called the silent forest because of the lack of wildlife, and is believed by many to be haunted by the souls of undiscovered corpses from the many suicides committed here. Statistics are uncertain, but it is believed that around 100 people each year since the 70s committed suicide in the forest. This makes it the world’s second most popular place to take one’s life. Due to the vastness of the site and the density of the forest, visitors can expect not to encounter anyone on their way in, and corpses may never be found. Special official groups work there to find and identify victims. There are said to be three types of visitors to the forest: trekkers interested in scenic vistas of Mount Fuji, the curious hoping for a glimpse of the macabre, and those souls who don’t plan on returning.

ALIENATION

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AERIAL VIEW

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075

INDIAN ROCK-CUT ARCHITECTURE India, Barabar Caves,25°00′18″N 85°03′47″E

DESCRIPTION

Indian rock-cut architecture is the practice of creating a structure by carving it out of solid natural rock. Rock that is not part of the structure is removed until the only rock left are the architectural elements of the excavated interior. Indian rock-cut architecture is mostly religious in nature. There are known more than 1,500 rock cut structures in India. The oldest are the Barabar caves mostly dating from the Mauryan period (322-185 BCE), Many of these structures contain artworks of global importance, most are adorned with exquisite stone carvings. These ancient and medieval structures are amazing achievements of structural engineering and craftsmanship.

INHERENT

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MAP

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000

ALLURE OF THE SEAS Varies,mostly the Caribbean Sea

DESCRIPTION

MS Allure of the Seas is the biggest cruise ship of the world. The 362 meters long ship features a two-deck dance hall, a theatre with 1,380 seats,swimming and recreational areas, even an ice skating rink and a climbing wall. In the middle of the ship opens a Central park surrounded by the cabins. Allure of the Seas can be considered as a floating nature culture park as its most artificial. The ship cruises around the Caribbean Sea, providing the customers visits to tropical destinations.

CLUSTER

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PHOTO

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028

Hamstead Heath London, England, 51°33’47’’N 0°10’6’’W 790 acres

DESCRIPTION

The largest park-lands in London consist of several connected areas with different landscapes and different degrees of nature/culture. Some parts have trimmed grass and gardens, while others are more natural with ponds, hills, woodlands, meadows and tracking paths. The wildlife includes deer, foxes, rabbits, frogs, turtles, bats and several species of birds. Londoners use this green area for a variety of things like hiking, skiing, several different sports, swimming, playing, exercising, picnicking, kite flying etc. There are numerous buildings and installations like a pergola with a botanic garden and fish pond, and the art gallery, Kenwood House, showing Turner, Vermeer, Rembrandt and more. The park has been an inspirational site for cultural figures like Keats and Blake whose houses both are in Hamstead, C.S. Lewis who walked there while contemplating Narnia and Marx who took his family there in weekends and is buried in the connected cemetery.

MAP

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STREET AND BEACH

035

ARTIFICIAL BEACH Paris, France_48°51’23.89’N 2°20’33.01’E_ 2 km

DESCRIPTION

Every summer, the French capital creates a seaside atmosphere along a two-mile section of the river Seine, complete with sand, palm trees and deck-chairs. For the ninth year running, the city has built the artificial “Paris Beach” along the Seine with tons of recycled sand. Palm trees, beach umbrellas, and sprinklers are all available for the Parisian looking to relax. The Seine River — dotted by the famous Notre Dame Cathedral, the Tuileries Gardens and the Eiffel Tower — is transformed into a beach-side resort enjoyed by Parisians and tourists alike. Blue beach chairs,and giant sandcastles are just a few of the attractions. For city-dwellers unable to flee Paris’ sweltering summers, there is now a new escape along the banks of the Seine — this is “Paris-Plage.”

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PHOTO

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PARTICIPANTS

CLASS DESCRIPTION

Austvoll HÅVARD klingsheim Brudvik TORD magne De Los Rios DANIEL martin Eide ANDERS sletten Grung PIA Kalstveit KAROLINE Kirkegaard SIMON atle Kochavi NADAV Magalhaes VICTOR Myhre LINE flores Palmer CHRISTIAN victor Pay INGRID brunborg Peljo ANNI Ruiz-Gimenez Ubeda ALMUDENA Sejnæs ALEXANDER Svanteson VIKTOR Tveit ØYVIND

International Master course, BAS spring 2013 Based on the grounds of an ongoing master-plan for new housing settlements and recreation areas on the peninsula of Bjånes near the town of Os, the course will investigate the possible insertion/embedding of a larger nature/culture park on the site. The realistic set-up will act as given point of departure for a series of well-focused architectural/landscaping and artistic studies during the spring semester

INSTRUCTORS Thomas Wiesner Eli Goldstein Andrea Spreafico Daniel Liss Cristian Stefansecu

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