Arvand-24

‫ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎﺕ ﭘﻤﭙﺎژ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪﻯ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ / 27‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪24‬‬

‫ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎﻧﻰ‬

‫ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎﻧﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻰ ﻭ ﺭﺍﻫﺒﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻯ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻯ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫● ﺩﺳــﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ ﺑــﻪ ﻧﺪﺭﺕ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺷــﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻰ ﺷــﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻰﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﺩﺭ ﻳــﻚ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳــﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﻪ ﺩﺳــﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎ ﻫﻢﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻭﺝ ﺑﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻰﺭﺳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳــﻦ ﻇﺮﻓﻴــﺖ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣــﺎ ﻧﺒﺎﻳــﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﺑــﺮ ﻣﺠﻤــﻮﻉ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻰ ﺩﺳــﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻛﺎﻫــﺶ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﺭﺍ »ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎﻧﻰ«‬ ‫ﻣﻰﮔﻮﻳﻨــﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳــﻦ ﻋــﺪﺩ ﺿﺮﻳﺒﻰ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﻤــﻮﻉ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴــﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻯ ﺿﺮﺏ ﻣﻰﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻯ ﻣﺠﻤــﻮﻉ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻰ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻫﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺿﺮﻳــﺐ ﺍﺧﺘــﻼﻑ ﺑــﺮﺍﻯ ﻳــﻚ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﻯ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻫﻰ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ 0.6‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 0.7‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻯ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬

‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒــﺎ ﺗﻤــﺎﻡ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪﻫــﺎﻯ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻯ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﻭ ﺑﺴــﻴﺎﺭﻯ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﺰﺭگ‬ ‫ﺑــﺎ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﻨﺪ )ﺷــﻜﻞ ‪ .(1‬ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎ )ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎ( ﺩﺭ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﻰ ﺁﺏ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﻛﻢ‪ ،‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺩﻣﺎ ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺁﺏ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻳﻚ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﻭ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﭼﻴﻠﺮﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺑﻮﻳﻠﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻣﻮﺵ ﺷــﻮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺣﻔــﻆ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺁﺏ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺩﺳــﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻯ ﻛﻮﻳﻞﻫﺎﻯ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻯ ﺳﻪﺭﺍﻫﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺒــﻮﺭﻯ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻮﻳﻞ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺑﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺎ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻛﻠﻰ ﺳﻴﺴــﺘﻢ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﺒﺮ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺁﺏ‬ ‫ﺭﻓﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺮﮔﺸــﺖ‪ ،‬ﻛﻢ ﻭ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻗــﻰ ﻣﻰﻣﺎﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻼﺵﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ‬ ‫ﺻﺮﻓﻪﺟﻮﻳﻰ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺧﺎﻣﻮﺵ‬ ‫ﻛــﺮﺩﻥ ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﺑﺎﻋــﺚ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻧﺎﻛﺎﻓﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻯ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻛﺸــﻰ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ :(1‬ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ ﺑﺎ ﭼﻴﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺩﺑﻲ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﻮﺍﺳﺎﺯﻫﺎﻯ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻯ ‪ 39FD‬ﻛﺮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‪88739880-2:‬‬

‫ﭼﻴﻠﺮ ﺟﺬﺑﻰ ﮔﺎﺯﺳﻮﺯ‬

‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ »ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻯ« ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮﻭﻫﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻳــﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﭼﻴﻠﺮ ﻭ ﻳــﺎ ﺑﻮﻳﻠﺮﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺳــﺮﺩ ﻭ ﮔﺮﻡ )ﻳﺎ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ( ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻧﻴــﺎﺯ ﺩﺳــﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻄﺒــﻮﻉ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻳﻚ ﺳــﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﺍﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺳــﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥﻫﺎ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﺧﺎﻧــﻪ ﻧﺴــﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳــﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺒــﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻗــﺮﺍﺭ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﻀﻰ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻳﺎ ﺩﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﺳــﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺧﻰ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﭼﻴﻠﺮ ﻭ ﺑﻮﻳﻠﺮ ﺗﺸــﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﻌﻀﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴــﺎﺕ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﻭﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪﻯ ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎﻯ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻫﻰ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑــﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﺑــﻮﺩﻥ ﻓﻀــﺎﻯ ﻣﺤﻮﻃﻪﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻭﻟﻴــﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺳــﻪ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻯ ﺩﻭ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﭼﻴﻠﺮ ﻭ ﺑﻮﻳﻠﺮ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺁﺏ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻭ ﺳــﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻣﺎﻯ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨﺪﻩﺍﻯ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺩﺳــﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳــﻰ ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺴــﺎﺗﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺁﺏﺩﺍﻍ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﻨــﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻨﺠــﺎ ﻣــﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻧﻴﺴــﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﭼﻴﻠﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﻮﻳﻠﺮﻫﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﭘﻤﭗﻫــﺎﻯ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺍﻧﺒﺴــﺎﻁ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‪ ،‬ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﺁﺏ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻰ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺍﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﻣﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺁﺏ ﺳــﺮﺩ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﺭﻓﺖ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ 40‬ﺗﺎ ‪45‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﻓﺎﺭﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﻭ ﺩﻣﺎﻯ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻰ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫‪ 12‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 15‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﻓﺎﺭﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﻣﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﺁﺏ ﮔﺮﻡ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ 160‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 200‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺭﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺩﻣﺎﻯ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻰ ﺁﻥ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ‬ ‫‪ 40‬ﺩﺭﺟــﻪ ﻓﺎﺭﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﻛﺎﻫــﺶ ﻣﻰﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺻﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜــﻰ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻯ ﺻﺮﻓﻪﺟﻮﻳﻰ ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ‬ ‫ﺻﺮﻑﻧﻈــﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﻰ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﻯ ﺳﻴﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺸــﺎﺑﻪ ﻫﺴــﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺑﺰﺭگﺗﺮ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‪،‬‬

‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎﻧﻰ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻰﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬

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