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Grammar in Use Objectives
Vocabulary: phrasal verbs with go; dependent prepositions Grammar: the passive; the causative; make/ get/have
1 a)
Answer Key We use ‘by’ to introduce the agent. ‘By’ + agent is omitted when it is obvious, unimportant, unknown or already mentioned who/what is doing the action. For example, ‘The fire was still being fought’ (by firefighters); ‘An investigation will be started’ (by the police).
Focus ➤ Understanding the passive voice ñ Read out the box to the Ss. Ask Ss to say why the passive is used (to emphasise the action rather than the person who performed the action). Write the two sentences on the board and ask Ss to label them S (subject), V (verb), O (object) and A (agent).
with agent: ‘damage has been caused by a fire’ (we need to know what caused the damage) without agent: ‘debris is being cleared away’ (by cleaners); ‘until the cause of the fire is discovered’ (by the police); ‘reports had been made’ (by persons unknown); ‘characters were seen’ (by persons unknown); ‘their identity has yet to be discovered’ (by the police)
All employees (S) must sign (V) the form (O). The form (S) must be signed (V) by all employees (A). ñ Draw Ss’ attention to how the passive is formed: subject + to be + past participle of main verb + agent (by) ñ Read the text to the class. Explain that it has a total number of 8 passives in it. (Refer Ss to the Grammar Reference section for all the forms of the passive). ñ Ss work in pairs to find all the passive and active forms in the text. ñ Check Ss’ answers by eliciting answers from various pairs and writing the answers on the board. Answer Key passive: has been caused; was still being fought; is being cleared away; will be started; is discovered; had been made; were seen; has yet to be discovered active: broke out; said; was; had ever seen; are treating; has; may help; contact
b)
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Focus ➤ Rewriting sentences in the passive ñ Explain that sentences 1-8 are all examples of the active voice. ñ Complete the first item as an example. ñ Ss complete the rest of the task individually. ñ Check Ss’ answers by inviting individual Ss to write the answers on the board. Answer Key 1 My brother’s bike was stolen yesterday. 2 This soup was made with carrots and coriander. 3 Pam’s party is being catered by whom? 4 Their house will have been finished by May. 5 The thieves were arrested (by the police). 6 Sam hates being told what to do. 7 The ‘Fifi Fairy’ books are written by Maria. 8 An apology should be made by Jack.
Focus ➤ Understanding how/when to introduce agents ñ Read out the questions in the rubric. ñ Allow Ss time to answer in pairs. ñ Check answers as a class.
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