Contents 6 Foreword Peter Kemp
8
1. Soils
Alan Palmer & Dave Horne
10 Introduction 13 Climate 13 Organisms 17 Relief 20 Parent material 25 Time 27 Describing the soil profile 31 Summary
32 2. Pasture and Forages Lydia Cranston
34 Introduction 35 Pasture production 41 Pasture establishment 43 Matching pasture production and animal feed demand 46 Alternative pasture species 48 Environmental effects of pastoral farming 50 Alternative land use 50 Pasture pests 51 Conclusions 53 Glossary
54 3. The New Zealand Arable Industry James Millner
56 Introduction 60 Principles of crop production 64 Composition of cereals 64 Management on arable farms 65 A typical annual cycle 68 Crop rotation
70 4. Vegetable Production
Nick Roskruge & Kevin Stafford
72 Introduction 77 Principles of vegetable production 81 Indoor production 86 Outdoor production 90 Other crops in New Zealand 92 Organic vegetable production 93 Research
94 5. Grapes and Wine Julian Gorman & Huub Kerckhoffs 96 Introduction 97 The grape industry in New Zealand 99 History of winemaking in New Zealand 100 Grape cultivation in New Zealand 101 New Zealand wines 103 Structure and governance of the New Zealand grape and wine industry 105 Horticultural practice 108 Future issues, threats and opportunities
112 6. Stone Fruit or Summerfruit Svetla Sofkova-Bobcheva, Julian Gorman, Jill Stanley & Claire Scofield
114 Introduction 118 Cherries 122 Apricots 124 Peaches and nectarines 126 Plums 126 Growing conditions and crop management 128 Biosecurity 128 Labour