Crossing cultures Lesson 2 3 Grammar builder: third conditional a Look at the two statements and answer the questions. 1 If Jeff had gotten up early, he wouldn’t have missed the plane. a) Did Jeff get up early? b) Did he miss the plane? 2 If Mark hadn’t taken a taxi, he would have been late for the meeting. a) Did Mark take a taxi? b) Was he late for the meeting? b We use the third conditional to imagine unreal situations in the past. Look at this example. How does the grammatical form change from a real to an unreal situation? Jeff didn’t get up early. He missed the plane. If he had gotten up early, he wouldn’t have missed it. c Complete these sentences by putting the verbs in parentheses into the correct form. 1 I got the job. If I (1) _____________________ (get) it, I (2) _____________________ (apply) for another. 2 Bill’s car broke down. If it (3) _____________________ (break down), he (4) _____________________ (get) to work on time.
3 M y doctor gave me some pills. If he (5) _____________________ (give) me them, I (6) ________________ (get) better. 4 I didn’t get many votes. If I (7) _____________________ (get) more votes, I (8) _____________________ (win) the election.
5 There weren’t many people in the restaurant. If there (9) _____________________ (be) more people in the restaurant, I (10) _____________________ (stay). d Now change these real situations into unreal ones. 1 Brandon grew up in Hawaii, so he learned to surf very well. If he hadn’t grown up in Hawaii, he wouldn’t have learned to surf. 2 3 4 5 6
Mark didn’t tell me about the meeting, so I didn’t go. I wasn’t good in science, so I didn’t study medicine. We arrived late at the conference, so we didn’t hear the opening talk. I didn’t study, so I failed the math test. Tina was hungry all morning because she missed breakfast.
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a Listen to the following sentences and underline 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 5 Speaking 0 11 12 13 14 15the stressed words in each clause. Which parts 16 17 of the conditional structure are stressed in an 26 27 28 29 30 31In groups, talk about events which have 32 33 8 19 20 21 22 23affirmative clause? Which in a negative clause? 24 25 influenced your lives. How would your lives be I would have gone to the beach if I hadn’t had to work. different if the events had been different?
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If I hadn’t passed my exams last year, I wouldn’t have 2 If I had stayed in Florida, I would have seen the 41 42 43 44 45 46moved 46 47 up into this class. But I worked hard and… 4 35 36 37 38 39 39 40 hurricane. here I am! 3 If you hadn’t bought that car, you’d have some 48 49 50 51 52 53If my 54 father 55 hadn’t changed his job, we wouldn’t have 1 42 43 44 45 46 46 47 money. moved here. But I’m glad he did – I’m very happy 4 He would have come to the restaurant if he 56 57 58 59 60 61here. 62 63 hadn’t had to work late. 8 49 50 51 52 53 54 55
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Unit 3
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