Murcia through Time II

MURCIA THROUGH TIME (2) 3 ESO B

IES SAAVEDRA FAJARDO MURCIA

2015-­‐‑2016

Teacher: Mª Dolores Meseguer Olmo

The Renaissance and the Enlightenment meant two successful periods. The introduc8on of main squares and the crea8on of for8fica8ons were significant elements of the urban morphology of this period. The city experimented a new stage of development during the XX century. New important urban altera8ons were made through the crea8on of monumental doors, avenues or boulevards, bridges and urban infrastructures like streetlight and sanita8on.

BUILDING OF CONVALECENCIA This ins8tu8on was founded by the chanter Andrés de Rivera in 1779 with the purpose that the sick people from the Hospital San Juan de Dios could keep some days with a restora8ve diet that would allow them to recover strength, avoiding relapses produced by weakness; it also took wounded people in from the African Champaign and the Annual Disaster, to be a recrui8ng office and at the same 8me a bomb shelter refuge during the Civil War. Currently this building is the rectorship’s seat of Murcia University.

FIRST OR MAIN FLOOR

PAST: it had four big bedrooms, two for men and two for women.

PRESENT: now it is occupied by the rector’s office and general secretary on the right side, and the president of Social Board on the le\ side.

LAST OR SECOND FLOOR

PAST: it was allocated to bedrooms of the director of the establishment and the sisters of Charity.

PRESENT: today it’s used for the offices of deputy chancellors

In 1915 the actual building was built, a construc8on made by the Murcia architect José Rodríguez Mar`nez. It was an exemplary building in his 8me that would change its purposes in the middle of the XX century to accept the priest’s house and the Diocesan Library .

The Arenal area, currently known as Plano de San Francisco, was the place where periodic reunions were celebrated to make commercial transac8ons, specially of wheat.

In 1899 a fish market and a small clock square with stands of sellers and bars appeared under the por8co of Palacio del Almudí.

In 1850 the architect Juan José Belmonte designed the project for the new market. This building was remodelled by Jerónimo Ros. At the beginning of the XX century it was demolished and a new market was built.

Pedro Cerdán designed and built the current small clock.

Between 2001 and 2004 a few remodellings were made. It is the most popular market in our city.

Murcia has changed a lot in a few years. Many jobs have disappeared and new ones have appeared. For example, in the past there were many people who made things of straw like chairs, hats or baskets. Now, this job has disappered and these things are made of plas8c or more tough materials instead.

Another tradi8onal job was the cul8va8on of the silk, that made our region able to earn a lot of money and thanks to that Murcia became very rich.

In our city many silk factories were built during the 18th and 19th centuries.

These factories were dedicated to the silkworm´s breeding .

First, the insects were fed, and when they were into their cocoon, they were boiled to extract the silk that was inside the silkworm and rolled into the cocoon.

With these silk, people made luxurious clothes that were sold in specific shops or in street markets.

These buisness was very fruiiul, but in the 19th century there was a big crisis that was responsible of the closing of many factories ,and as a consequence of that, the breeding of the silkworm almost disappeared.

Now, this job is not common, but some people s8ll breed the silkworm to keep the tradi8on, and there are also museums that explain the process of breeding and show typical clothes that were made of silk.

TRADITIONAL DISHES • Some tradi8onal dishes from Murcia´s vegetable garden are: • ZARANGOLLO: It consists of a scrambled egg mixed with courgeje, onion and potatoes.

• PAPARAJOTE: It is a typical dessert that consists on a lemon leaf covered with a pastry made of sugar, eggs, yeast, flour and milk, fried with olive oil and dusted with cinammon and sugar.

• MEAT PIE: This is also a typical dish from Murcia. Actually, due to its tradi8on, it has become famous in other regions of Spain and one of the symbols of our city. We even have a specific day during the spring holidays dedicated to it.

It consists on a base made of pastry, stuffed with beef, ham, chorizo, tomatoes, hard-­‐ boiled eggs and pepper, covered with a puff pastry.

• I n the past, we used to use the water which flowed through the irriga8on canal in order to water the plants in our vegatable gardens.

At present, we use irriga8on systems, because it is a faster and more simple system.

• In the past, everybody used to go to “El Bando de la Huerta” in order to have a family day where people could enjoy the ac8vi8es which were made in the Center of Murcia, but now most of the people, especially teenagers, are very worried about planning to meet their friends and drink without control. In addi8on, in the past on that day, women didn’t wear the tradi8onal men clothes.

On the other hand, “La Condomina” was the name of the old football stadium in the city of Murcia years ago and was built in city center. In 2006 the new stadium of the city “Nueva Condomina” was built and it is next to the shopping centers, on the outskirts of the city. It is a mul8-­‐use stadium.

NUEVA CONDOMINA

Today, the bullring is much more modern than years ago. In addi8on to its tradi8onal use, at present, it is used as a party place.

• In the past, the primary sector predominated in Murcia (in works of agriculture, livestock and fishing), but nowadays the primary sector has suffered a progressive decline, such as the secondary sector.

Construc8on has experienced high growth in the last decade instead.

Finally, now there are a great deal of flats in rural areas and on the coast, in comparison with the past. For example in La Manga beach.

GLORIETA BEFORE AND AFTER The Glorieta of Murcia is placed in the old centre of the city. It is a pedestrian square, excellent for tourits since in it the important buildings of the civil and ecclesias8c power have their headquarters, as the Town hall and the Episcopal Palace. It was in the 18th century when there the first works that gave form to this square were carried out . It is a ques8on of an open and landscaped space, with flowers, palms and water sprouts. They have been also placing, throughout the 8me, diverse statues and ar8s8c monuments that make this glorieta a point of reference.

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PROJECT MADE BY: ANDREA REYES RUIZ MARTA HIDALGO MARTÍNEZ CANDELA SALMERÓN LÓPEZ BEATRIZ AGUILERA FERRANDO 3ºB

MURCIA IN TIME.

By: Rachel Sánchez Wood 3ºB

BEFORE PREHISTORIC v Murcia was separated in two parts: the countryside and the orchard. It was iden8fied by the clima8c features, geographical features and the popula8on features.

v The orchard of Murcia is rich and prosperous, surrounded by the valley with the Segura river. While the countryside has got an intensive agriculture and upland and a few popula8on.

BEFORE MODERN AGE XVI AND XVII CENTURY v When the middle ages were v When the border of Granada disappeared, the crown of finishing, Murcia had some Cas8lla and Aragon got incidents, that´s why the together. Murcia entered in a Catholic kings, put a social period of prosperity and that made Murcia have a bigger order and stopped that popula8on. The one who going on.

made this development was the silk industry, the mining of Cartagena and Mazarrón and also the improvement of agricultural holdings.

BEFORE XIX CENTURY XX CENTURY v In 1802 the reservoir of • When Franco died,the Puentes broke off and there cons8tu8on of 1978 came were floods from Lorca to on and the province of Murcia, and there were Albacete got together to more than 600 deaths.

Cas8lla La Mancha and the Region of Murcia became a uniprovencial community.

BEFORE v From that 8me Murcia has got many monuents like the Castle of los Vélez,some of the first part of the cathedral, the church of San Juan De Dios…

Nowadays XXI CENTURY • Now everything is bejer if you compare it in all the ways. In architecture we have got the Romea theatre , the cathedral is bejer, the Casino, the Salzillo museum, the Glorieta… All these were built in the past but they have changed.

PHOTOS

PHOTOS

MURCIA ACROSS THE TIME Mª DEL PILAR AVILÉS FERNÁNDEZ

The Romea Theatre The Romea Theatre in Murcia is located in Plaza Julian Romea in the historical center of the city . It is the main theatre of the town and one of the most important in the country.

In the XIX century the land where the theatre was built was owned by the Dominicans, who had the part of the Convent of Santo Domingo. In 1862 the theatre was built.

The inaugura9on of the theatre The theatre was inaugurated by Queen Elizabeth II on October 25th 1862 with the play of Ventura de la Vega, ‘the Man of the World’, by Julian Romea, whose name would become the theatre’s name.

But, before having its present name, the theatre other names like Infants Theatre because of its builder Diego Manuel Molina, un8l the revolu8on of 1868 when the theatre changed its name to Theatre of popular sovereignty.

The terrible fires In 1877 there was a terrible fire in the theatre, its reconstruc8on being inaugurated in 1880. A\er 19 years, in 1899, another terrible fire in the theatre took place. In the two fires it was the same architect who rebuilt the damage, Justo Millán. The current theatre appearance is the reconstruc8on from 1880 and its interior is due to the last of the reconstruc8ons.

The third inaugura8on of the theatre (a\er the two accidents) was on February 16th 1901. That day the play S7gma Echegaray was performed by Maria Guerrero and Fernando Diaz de Mendoza’s company . This play was performed in tribute to those actors (Maria Guerrero and Fernando Diaz) and Jose Echegaray, who ajended the event.

The most important performances

Some of the most important performances were those of Jacinto Benavente or the university theatre La Barraca in 1993, directed by Federico García Lorca.

JACINTO FEDERICO GARCÍA LORCA AND THE BENAVENTE: UNIVERSITY THEATRE LA BARRACA:

The theatre rehabilita9on

In the decade of 1980s the Romea Theatre lived a rehabilita8on so it was inaugurated again by Queen Sofia on February 7th 1988. Years later it went through another process of rehabilita8on, both exterior and interior, and reopened in 2012.

The cultural programming Its cultural programming is very wide: theater, dance, zarzuela, Flamenco shows and others.

The Circus Theatre The Circus Theatre in Murcia is located in Enrique Villar Street. The theatre was built by the architect Justo Millán. This theatre was a cinematograph, a circus,a theatre and a place for shows. The theatre was renovated before its abandonment five years ago.

The theatre inagura9on The Circus Theatre began to be built on November 5th 1889, being projected by businessman Enrique Villar Bas. The inaugura8on was three years later (in 1892) by the company of Gil Vicente Alegría. During the first year the theatre was only a circus because it hadn’t the necessary condi8ons.

The most important shows The first show was represented in 1893 with the performance of the zarzuela Marina. In 1896 the cinematograph started with film projec8ons. It was used as a movie palace for years. In 1930 the film The jazz singer of Al Jolson was showed. On April 2nd 1899 a bullfight was celebrated in the theatre.

Important people in the theatre In its stage Ruperto Chapí and Fernández Caballero were honored and José Canalejas (in 1902), Alejandro Lerroux (in 1910), Onésimo Redondo (in 1935), Gil-­‐Robles and Dolores Ibárruir (in 1936) delivered speeches . In the theatre Raquel Meller, Pastora Imperio or Miguel Fleta acted.

The Circus Theatre in recent years In 1984 the theatre closed its doors to start a period of abandonment. The theatre was rehabilitated in 2007 to be used as an Experimental Center of Performing Arts of Murica.

Finally, in 2011 the theatre was opened with a varied theatrical programme. In 2014 the theatre returned to show films.

MURCIA THROUGH TIME

Silvana Jimena Cordova Angulo 3º B

THE EVOLUTION OF THE NAME • The place name of Murcia comes from the Roman goddess Myrtia because she was the goddess of the myrtle (a bush which grows up to three meters) and there was a lot of those bushes in Murcia.

• Another reason may be that as a place of myrtles it was called Myrtea, Murtea or Murtia in Latin and then Mursiya when this word was adapted to the Arabic. And then Murzia when it passed to the Iberian language.

SEGURA RIVER

• The Segura river is located in Murcia. It has six tributaries: o o o o o o

Mundo river Alhárabe river Argos river Quípar river Mula river Guadalentín river

• It is born in a mountain range in Jaén, then it goes to Albacete, Murcia, and Guardamar del Segura (Alicante) where it flows into the Mediterranean Sea. • Dams were built because there was a lot of flooding. This change affected the lifestyle of all organisms because after that they

ENDANGERED SPECIES

• Some species became extinct in Murcia like the white stork, the cerceta pardilla, the bearded vulture, the black vulture,the imperial eagle and more.

• There are endangered animals like the Bonelli’s eagle,the lynx, the otter, the great bustard nowadays.

• Things have changed and those animals were affected. For example, o La Manga was a place where there was a littoral forest that was destroyed in order to miss pirates because they used it to hide o Most of the area of La Manga is urban land and it only preserves a little bit of previous vegetation, also deers and wild boars have disappeared.

CASINO OF MURCIA

• It is in Trapería Street. It was started in 1847. It was declared national historical and artistic monument in 1983. It was restored between 2006 and 2009. Inside the casino there were little streets that had a roof before the restoration.

• It has its private club but you can visit it because it also has a public place.

MURCIA THROUGH TIME By: Julia Pagán Janeth Mero Mariana Gu8érrez.

INDEX. • • • •

Murcia. (In the past and nowadays.)(photo) Important characters.

Buildings. (Art and culture) Tradi8ons.

MURCIA. Past.

Present.

IMPORTANT CHARACTERS. • Middle ages: Ø Abd al-­‐Rahman II.(emir in the period of Al-­‐Ándalus. He led culture in Murcia and reinforced the state. He created Murcia.) Ø Al Ricote, Ibn Arabí, Ibn Sabín (they were big thinkers. They gave Murcia the fame of having good culture. They were from el Valle de Ricote) Ø Alfonso X el sabio (he was a king related to Murcia. He helped to form the culture and contemporary laws)

• Modern age: Ø Cardenal Luis Belluga (he was a bishop of Murcia and Cartagena. He had an important role in Murcia a\er the Guerra de Sucesión, when Murcia went into crisis.) Ø Diego de Saavedra Fajardo.(He was an important writer and diploma8c.) Ø Francisco Salzillo. (he was an important sculptor and painter.) Ø Andrés Baquero (He was a teacher, inves8gator and writer. He was the first rector of the University of Murcia.)

Buildings.(Art and culture) • Cathedral (here is Alfonso X´s heart and it is located in Belluga place.) it suffered many changes over 8me. It has Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque style.

• Casino.

It´s a very important building in Murcia.

Nowadays it’s used for events and lots of turists visit it.

• Romea’s theatre.

• Alfonso ride It’s situated on a square in It is situated between the center of Murcia.

Circular Square and Santo Domingo Square.

It’s the most important It is called Tontodromo, theatre in Murcia, and too. also one of the more important theatres in

Spain.

• Town Hall and Glorieta.

La Glorieta is a square decorated with lots of flowers. The Town Hall was built there because it was in the centre of Murcia.

During the Civil War, they built refuges in la Glorieta. A\er that, they destroyed the refuges and they built a parking.

Salzillo´s museum This museum is dedicated to Francisco Salzillo, a sculptor.

It is in San Agus8n´s place, next to Jesus´ church. It s h o w s p r o c e s s i o n a l s c u l p t u r e s o f t h e B r o t h e r h o o d o f J e s u s , Salzillo Na8vity scene and sketches

Archeological museum It was created by the Real Order of the Development Ministry . It has 16 halls

Almudi´s Palace Now it is used as an Art Gallery.

TRADITIONS The Region of Murcia, like other communi8es in Spain, preserves its costumes and tradi8ons le\ by our ancestors and the different cultures that arrived here. § The Bando de la Huerta is celebrated on the first Tuesday a\er the Holy Week, opening the cycle of the Spring holidays. It begins with an offering to the virgin of la Fuensanta and in the evening a parade is made where people dance and give crops from the orchard.

• Bajle of the flowers : The Parade of the Flowers was tradi8onally

known as the Bajle of Flowers. Beau8ful women, some with the regional gown, parade on ar8s8c coaches with essen8ally floral decora8on.

Bajle of the flowers in the past Bajle of the flowers in the present

The Burial of the Sardine does not have any roots. This holiday at the end of Lent, nourished from the roots and forms of the Carnival.

The parade is made in the centre of the city. There is a sculpture of a sardine that, at the end of the parade, is burned.

•

Typical Games.

• The game of bowling In the Region of Murcia there are two games of bowling: Bowling from Cartagena and Bowling from the orchard.

• Caliche.

The aim of the game is to floor the caliche.

• Petanca.

The aim of this game is to throw the ball the closer you can to the lijle one.

 His origins are uncertain, but there is proof that it was

Abderramán II who founded it with the name of Madina Mursiya in the year 825 for the emir of al-­‐Ándalus, probably on a very previous accession. During the Middle Ages it was the capital of different kingdoms of increasing importance and between 1243-­‐1266 it joined the Crown of Castilla as the capital of the Kingdom of Murcia, being in addition a city with vote in courts and episcopal headquarters from 1291.

 Traditionally the municipality of Murcia was an important

producer of agricultural raw material thanks to its orchard.

During the first half of the 20th century its agriculture became specialized and intensive, allowing to commercialize its products in international markets, something that was intensified in the 1950s. The municipality of Murcia took part in the export of tomatoes, lettuce and especially lemons and oranges to the whole Europe, together with other many municipalities of the Region of Murcia.

 The principal economic sector of Murcia is services, of

which we stand out the administrative offices, financial, cultural and other types. Historically, the city of Murcia has always been a center of commercial exchange, being a redistributor of the agricultural and handcrafted production. From the end of the 60s and beginning of the 70s, the outsourcing in the municipality began to be omnipresent.

 The most emblematic building of the city is the Cathedral

of Santa María, headquarters of the diocese of Cartagena which is in Belluga's Plaza. It began to be built on the former major mosque in the 14th century, and devoted itself in 1465, though diverse parts were added or reformed until the end of the 18th century, when its famous tower was finished. For this reason it presents different architectural styles, specially Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque.

Work realiced by Eryk Srybny 3º B

Murcia in the past:

By: Enrique Pellicer Beviar 3ยบ ESO B

The Glorieta uď ľâ€Ż

The glorieta is a square where the Town Hall is. Normally the people arrange to meet and walk there. In that place there are also some shops and pubs.

The cathedral of Murcia

Ø The cathedral of Murcia is an amazing monument.

This place is near the Town Hall and it is famous for its architectur e.

Website: u

https://www.pinterest.com/pin/495396027734791093/

u

https://www.focuspiedra.com/mucia-actualiza-todoslos-pavimentos-en-piedra-natural/

u

https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catedral_de_Murcia

u

http://www.panoramio.com/user/1666771/tags/Regi %C3%B3n%20de%20MURCIA

u

http://www.fseneca.es/microciencia/estudio-dice-quela-huerta-de-murcia-seguira-viva-pese-a-ataquesurbanisticos/