The "World Rural Landscapes" initiative: objectives, outcomes and goals for the future by Laboratorio PaRID

ICOMOS Advisory Committee Scientific Symposium | Symposium scientifique du Conseil consultative de l’ICOMOS RURAL HERITAGE - LANDSCAPES AND BEYOND | PATRIMOINE RURAL: Paysages et au-delà 17 October 2019, Marrakesh, Morocco | 17 octobre 2019, Marrakech, Maroc

The “World Rural Landscapes” initiative: objectives, outcomes and goals for the future L’initiative “World Rural Landscapes”: finalité, résultats et objectifs pour l’avenir ICOMOS-IFLA Principles concerning rural landscapes as heritage ICOMOS-IFLA Principes concernant les paysages ruraux comme patrimoine ICOMOS Doctrinal text

What is the WRL?

endorsed and adopted in 2017 by ICOMOS General Assembly (Delhi, India) and by IFLA World Council (Montréal, Canada)

Qu’est-ce que c’est la WRL?

Initiative promoted by the International Scientific Committee on Cultural Landscapes (ICOMOS-IFLA ISCCL)

Initiative promue par le Comité scientifique international des paysages culturels (ICOMOS-IFLA ISCCL)

Aimed at promoting: • worldwide cooperation among experts • the protection, understanding and management of rural landscapes around the world

Finalisé à la promotion de: • la coopération mondiale entre experts • la protection, la compréhension et la gestion des paysages ruraux dans le monde

Objectives

Text doctrinal d’ICOMOS

approuvé et adopté en 2017 par l’Assemblée générale de l’ICOMOS (Delhi, Inde) et par le Conseil mondial de l’IFLA (Montréal, Canada)

Elaborated by ISCCL with the contribution of CIAV International Committee on Vernacular Architecture, ISC20C International committee on 20th Century Heritage, ICICH International committee on Intangible Cultural Heritage and other international bodies Élaboré par l’ISCCL avec la contribution du CIAV Comité international sur l’architecture vernaculaire, ISC20C Comité international sur le 20ème siècle, ICICH Comité international du patrimoine culturel immatériel et d’autres organismes internationaux

Available on-line Disponible en ligne www.icomos.org/en/chartersand-other-doctrinal-texts www.worldrurallandscapes.org/ home/wrl-results/principles-text

Principles’ text index | Index du texte des Principes Section & sub-sections | Section & sous-sections

Objectifs

• raise awareness among experts and institutions

• sensibiliser institutions

• foster interdisciplinary cooperation and synergies among scientific sectors and stakeholders

• favoriser la coopération interdisciplinaire et les synergies entre les secteurs scientifiques et les parties prenantes

• promote tangible actions for protection and good management of rural landscapes at political, administrative and participative levels

• promouvoir des actions concrètes pour la protection et la bonne gestion des paysages ruraux aux niveaux politique, administratif et participatif

• exchange experiences and knowledge

• échanger des expériences et des connaissances

• reinforce traditional knowledge and uses of rural landscapes

• renforcer les savoirs traditionnels et les usages des paysages ruraux

les

experts

les

WRL Results | WRL Résultats

Preamble | Preamble 1. Principles | Principes

2. Action criteria | Critères d’actions

A. Definitions (Rural Landscape & Rural Landscape as Heritage) | Définitions (Paysage rural & Paysage rural comme patrimoine) B. Importance | Importance C. Threats | Menaces D. Challenges | Défis E. Benefits | Avantages F. Sustainability of rural landscapes | Durabilité des paysages ruraux A. Understand rural landscapes and their heritage values | Connaître les paysages ruraux et leurs valeurs patrimoniales B. Protect rural landscapes and their heritage values | Protéger les paysages ruraux et leurs valeurs patrimoniales C. Sustainably manage rural landscapes and their heritage values | Gérer durablement les paysages ruraux et leurs valeurs patrimoniales D. Communicate and transmit the heritage and values of rural landscapes | Communiquer et transmettre le patrimoine et les valeurs des paysages ruraux

Bibliography structure | Structure de la bibliographie

Rural ICOMOS-IFLA landscapes Principles concerning Classification | Classification rural landscapes as heritage des paysages ruraux les Principes concernant common methodology for identification, paysages ruraux comme inventory, description | méthodologie patrimoine commune d’identification, inventaire, description

Chapters & sub-chapters

Rural landscapes Atlas | Atlas des paysages ruraux an overview on rural landscapes in the World un aperçu des paysages ruraux dans le monde

Bibliographies and documents

Printed bibliographies On-line bibliographies

History of rural landscapes Theory of rural landscapes and general works Conservation and management

Bibliography Bibliographie to share studies and information at World level pour partager des études et des informations au niveau mondial

Translated in: English, French, Spanish, Chinese, Arabic, Italian Traduit en: Anglais, Français, Espagnol, Chinois, Arabe, Italien

Glossary Glossaire key terms to define a common language mots clés pour définir un langage commun

Website | Site Web for collaboration and dissemination of the Initiative pour la collaboration et la diffusion de l’initiative

Judicial questions, Charters, Declarations, Law & Charters Guidelines, Principles

Secondary literature on Laws, Charters, etc.

Special topics

Terraced rural landscapes Pastoral rural landscapes etc.

Works especially on rural landscapes types

Arab States Asia and the Pacific North America Latin America and the Caribbean Europe Africa

Works especially of Regional importance

Rural landscapes bibliography Bibliographie des paysages ruraux

Nature and Culture Cultural Landscapes and Aesthetics Urban agriculture and Heritage Estates, gardens and rural heritage etc.

On-line scientific journals Special issues of scientific journals

World Heritage Centre ICOMOS Open Archive ICOMOS Documentation Centre

Other texts and documents Websites with relevance to Cultural & Rural landscapes

Website | Site Web

WRL Calendar / Calendrier WRL

2011

2012

2013

2014

wor

ldru www. rall and scap

ISCCL Annual Meeting ISCCL Annual Meeting ISCCL Annual Meeting Oct 26-Nov 2, WRL working group ISCCL Annual Meeting WRL working group Fointainebleau (France) October, November, MilanHangzhou, WRL working group Florence, Italy China Proposal for a November Working Group Canberra, Australia Milan Resolution Kick off of the and a document on WRL Initiative on Rural Landscapes Rural Landscapes

2015

2016

2017

2018

2020

2021

e.or

ISCCL Annual Meeting ISCCL Annual Meeting, WRL Online meeting, 22 March WRL working group, ISCCL Annual Meeting WRL working group, Dec 11-15, Delhi, India “Rural landscapes September WRL working group and estates” Bath, England 19th ICOMOS GA Dec 15, Delhi, India ISCCL annual meeting, Jeju Island (South ISCCL Endorsment Adoption of the WRL working group, Korea), November “Principles concerning of the draft text December, Mendoza, Rural Landscapes Argentina as Heritage”

2019

Year ISCCL Annual meeting, WRL working group, Jun 18-21 Dublin (Ireland)

Rural Landscapes!

ICOMOS General Assembly 1-10 October, ICOMOS General Sidney Assembly & Symposium (Australia) “Rural heritage: landscapes and beyond”- Oct 12-18, Marrakesh (Morocco)

WRL meeting & field trip, Milan, 2014

ISCCL meeting, Bath, 2016

ISCCL meeting, Delhi, 2017

Authors / Auteurs: ICOMOS-IFLA ISCCL, World Rural Landscapes Initiative WG: Lionella Scazzosi, Brenda Barrett, Nora Mitchell, Steve Brown,

Raffaella Laviscio, Virginia Laboranti, Jane Lennon, Jong Sang Sung, Pierre-Marie Tricaud with the contribution of Andrea L’Erario (Politecnico di Milano)

The “World Rural Landscapes” initiative: objectives, outcomes and goals for the future L’initiative “World Rural Landscapes”: finalité, résultats et objectifs pour l’avenir The WRL Atlas | L’Atlas WRL Denomination: Cilento and Vallo di Diano National Park with the Archeological Sites of Paestum and Velia, and the Certosa di Padula Localization: Campania, Italy UNESCO inscription: 1998 Rural landscape system: 1.1 Structures created by soil movement and planted and cultivated terraces in temperate areas Main products: Olives, Olive oil, Artichokes, Figs Keywords: Terraces, World Heritage, Rural Landscape Notes: WH site’s Component

Objectives | Objectifs Give an overview of the rural landscapes in the World Donner un aperçu des paysages ruraux dans le monde Give a methodology for the inventory, classification and description of Rural Landscapes Donner une méthodologie pour l’inventaire, la classification et la description des paysages ruraux

USA

Iran Mexico

Encompass all different types of rural landscapes, outstanding as ordinary, at all geographical and administrative levels (international, national, local) Comprend tous les types de paysages ruraux, remarquables ainsi que ordinaires, à tous les niveaux géographiques et administratifs (international, national, local)

Latin America Denomination: Agave Landscape and Ancient Industrial Facilities of Tequila Localization: between the foothills of the Tequila Volcano and the deep valley of the Rio Grande River Mexico UNESCO inscription: 2006 Rural landscape system: 3.1 Associated crops Main products: Agave, Tequila Keywords: Agave, World Heritage, Rural Landscape Notes: UNESCO Property designated for its rural character

Atlas’s tools | Outils de l’atlas Rural landscapes classification Classification des paysages ruraux WRL Database | Base de données WRL • UNESCO rural landscapes (World Heritage List) | Paysages ruraux dans la Liste du patrimoine mondial UNESCO • Ordinary landscapes | Paysages ruraux ordinaires WRL Atlas map WRL Atlas carte

WRL database: UNESCO Sites

Rural landscapes with perceptive/symbolic relationships with the main component of the Property

Asia and the Afghanistan Pacific

Cultural Landscape and Archaeological Remains of the Bamiyan Valley

Region, Country, Designation Europe

Albania, Austria, Belgium, Ancient and primeval beech Bulgaria, Croatia, Germany, Italy, Romania, forests of the Carpathians Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, and other Regions of Europe Ukraine

Arab States Algeria

Al Gal'a of Beni Hammad

M'Zab Valley

site / 1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 3, 4, cultural 6; CL; 6; CL; landscap Danger Danger e

VII, IX, X

2, 3, 5

II/A (II/B)

2003

(II/B)

2007

X X X X

(II/B)

2011, 2017

1982

X X

Arab States Algeria

Tassili n'Ajjer

1, 3

2, 3

1982

Text

Core Buffer

Designation criteria(official recognitionof rural character?) C

Cultural, Natural, State Party proposal(criteria) / Mixed Property ICOMOS-IUCN decisions/ Kind of property (II/A) (II/B)

Criteria

Cultural Designation landscape? criteria 1980

X X

Extraction

I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX

Main culture Hunting

crit.

Registered as (R) or as component (C) or fossil (F)

Gathering

yes/no

RURAL LANDSCAPE 4

Forestry

UNESCO Site

1 2 3 4 5 6 3 1 2

Fishing / Aquaculture

Country

Criteria (unified since 2005) Year Year inscription extension

First results | Premiers résultats Husbandry / Pastoralism

Region

Rural landscapes with agro-environmental, functional, social, cultural, economic relationships with the Property

Relict rural landscapes

(Implementation in progress | En cours d’implementation)

Agriculture

Cultural landscape

I, III

(I): The impressive array of paintings and rock engravings of various periods gives world recognition to the property. The representations of the Round Heads Period evoke possible magic-religious practices some 10,000 years old, whereas the representations of the Cattle Period depicting daily and social life, and which are amongst the most famous prehistoric parietal art, have an aesthetic naturalistic realism. The last images represent the taming of horses and camels. (III): The rock art images cover a period of about 10,000 years. With the archaeological remains, they testify in a particularly lively manner to climate changes, changes in fauna and flora, and particularly to possibilities provided for farming and pastoral life linked to impregnable defensive sites during certain prehistoric periods

Other Properties Autres biens

Properties with Rural landscapes Biens avec paysages ruraux 412/37%

Core-buffer areas/ Rural activity: agriculture, fishing, aquaculture, husbandry, forestry, gathering, hunting, extraction/ Main cultivation

(V): The elements constituting the M'Zab Valley are an outstanding example of a traditional human settlement, representative of the Ibadis culture that, through the ingenious system for the capture and distribution of water and the creation of palm groves, demonstrates the extremely efficient human interaction with a semi-desert environment

New Zealand

Denomination: Cultural Landscape of Honghe Hani Rice Terraces Localization: Yuanyang County, Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, People’Republic of China UNESCO inscription: 2013 Rural landscape system: 4.2 Aquatic system Main products: Rice, Fish, Ducks Keywords: Rice terraces, World Heritage, Rural Landscape Notes: UNESCO Property designated for its rural character

Legenda | Légende: Regional overviews | Aperçus régionaux UNESCO Properties designated for rural character Biens UNESCO désignés pour leur caractère rural Rural Landscapes (not UNESCO) | Paysages ruraux (non UNESCO)

State Type of ICOMOS IUCN In CS NS MS Party Cultural decision decision danger proposal property

Australia

South Africa

Database structure | Structure de la base de données

Categorization of rural landscapes

China

709/63% 27

Mixed Properties Biens mixtes

119

Palms

• Rural landscapes in 412 UNESCO Properties (37%) on all 1,121 designated • 412 Properties: 266 Cultural Properties, 119 Natural, 27 Mixed

266 Natural Properties Biens naturels

Cultural Properties Biens culturels

Rural landscapes classification | Classification des paysages ruraux AGRICULTURE 1. Soil retaining systems / Retenue du sol 1.1 Structures created by soil movement and planted and cultivated terraces in temperate areas / Structures créées par le mouvement du sol et terrasses plantées et cultivées dans les zones tempérées 1.2 Flooded rice terraces / Terrasses rizicoles inondées 1.3 Tropical cultivated terraces / Terrasses cultivées tropicales 2. Water management / Gestion de l’eau 2.1 Oasis / Oasis 2.2 Irrigated land / Périmètres irrigués 2.3 Drained land / Périmètres drainés 2.4 Polders/Polders 2.5 Cultivated swamps, floating gardens / Marais cultivés, jardins flottants 3. Cultures associated with each other, live fences / Cultures associees entre elles, clotures vives 3.1 Associated crops / Cultures associées 3.2 Open fields / Champs ouverts 3.3 Enclosed fields / Bocages 3.4 Agroforestry / Agroforesterie AGRICULTURE + HUSBANDRY/ PASTORALISM 4. Cultures associated with livestock / Cultures associees avec elevage 4.1 Agrosylvopastoralisme / Agrosylvopastoralisme 4.2 Aquatic systems / Systèmes aquatiques FORESTRY 5. Forestry / Sylviculture 5.1 Tropical hardwoods / Feuillus tropicaux 5.2 Temperate hardwoods / Feuillus tempérés 5.3 Resinous / Résineux

HUSBANDRY/PASTORALISM 6. Livestock systems / Systems d’elevage 6.1 Nomadic herding / Nomadisme 6.2 Long transhumance / Long transhumance 6.3 Short transhumance / Court transhumance, «remues» 6.4 Sedentary or semi-sedentary extensive grazing / Pâturage sédentaire ou semisédentaire extensif 6.5 Intensive sedentary grazing / Pâturage sédentaire intensif FISHING AND AQUACULTURE 7. Fishing and Aquaculture / Pêche et Aquaculture 7.1 Aquaculture: fish farming / Aquaculture: pisciculture 7.2 Aquaculture: crustaceans (shrimps) / Aquaculture: crustacés (crevettes) 7.3 Aquaculture: shellfish farming (e.g. oysters) / Aquaculture: conchyliculture (huîtres, moules) 7.4 Fishing / Pêche GATHERING, HUNTING 8. Gathering and hunting / Cuillette et Chasse 8.1 Wild-food gathering / Cueillette de nourriture sauvage 8.2 Wild-food gathering through fire management / Cueillette de nourriture sauvage grâce a la gestion de incendies 8.3 Wild-life hunting / Chasse d’animaux sauvages 8.4 Wild-life hunting through vegetal architectures (e.g. migratory-birds catching) / Chasse d’animaux sauvages grâce aux architectures végétales (p.ex. capture d’oiseaux migrateurs) EXTRACTION OF OTHER RESOURCES 9. Extraction / Extraction 9.1 Salt cultivation landscapes / Salines

1. Soil retaining systems 1.1 Structures created by soil movement Langhe-Roero vineyards, Italy (Wiki Commons)

4. Cultures associated with livestock 4.2 Aquatic system Hani terraces, China (Wiki Commons)

7. Fishing and aquaculture 7.1 Aquaculture: fish farming Fishing valley, Venice lagoon, Italy (A. Scarpa Marta)

2. Water management 2.5 Cultivated swamps, floating gardens Chinampas de Xochimilco, Mexico (mxcity.mx)

5. Forestry 5.2 Temperate hardwood Chestnut grove, Italy (Appennino Tosco-emiliano Park)

8. Gathering and hunting 8.2 Wild-food gathering through fire management Uluru, Australia (sl.sbs.com.au)

3. Cultures associated with each other 3.1 Associated crops Milpa cultivation, Guatemala (Wiki Commons)

6. Livestock system 6.3 Short transhumance The Causses and the Cévennes, France (Wiki Commons)

9. Extraction of other sources 9.1 Salt cultivation landscape Salinas de Maras, Peru (intisuntrek.com)

Authors / Auteurs: ICOMOS-IFLA ISCCL, World Rural Landscapes Initiative WG: Lionella Scazzosi, Brenda Barrett, Nora Mitchell, Steve Brown,

Raffaella Laviscio, Virginia Laboranti, Jane Lennon, Jong Sang Sung, Pierre-Marie Tricaud with the contribution of Andrea L’Erario (Politecnico di Milano)