Sacred Groves Portfolio

handbook

S ACRE DGROVE S S e l e c t e dwor k spe r f or me ddur i ng v ol unt e e i ngpe r i od.

Ks hij S a r ot e

Cont e nt s I nt r oducon

0 2

Wa l l c r a c k s

2 5

S oi l t e s t

0 5

E l e c t r i c a l ducng

2 8

Bui l di ngwi t hc ob

0 7

L i nt e l s&Be a ms

2 9

Adobebr i c kma k i ng

0 9

E a r t hqua k er e s i s t a nc e

3 0

Adobebr i c ke x pe r i me nt

1 0

CL T

3 1

E a r t hc r e t e

1 1

Aqua poni c s

3 3

L i mema k i ng

1 3

Gr e ywa t e rt r e a t me nt

3 9

L i mepl a s t e r i ng

1 5

Dr yc ompos tt oi l e t

4 1

Cobfloor i ng

1 7

Ba mbooc ons t r ucon

4 3

Adobebr i c kl a y i ng

1 9

E ne r g ye ffic i e ntGe ne r a t or

4 7

E a r t hba gc ons t r ucon

2 1

E x pe r i me nt a l Hous e

4 9

SACRED GROVES aurovi l l e, I NDI A

T he r ei sa na c ut es hor t a g eofa ffor da bl ehous i ngi nAur ov i l l ewhi c hde t e r s ma nyg oodpe opl ef r omj oi ni ngt hec ommuni t y .

T heS a c r e dGr ov e spr oj e c t a sc onc e i v e dt oa l l e v i a t et hi spr obl e mwi t ht hec ons t r uconof108ne w home sf orne wc ome r s , Aur ov i l i a nsa ndl ong t e r mv ol unt e e r s , i nama nne r c ons i s t e ntwi t ht heMot he r ’ sv i s i onf orAur ov i l l e .

‘ S ac r e dGr ov e si sac ommuni t yhous i ngpr oj e c ti nAur ov i l l e , ai mi ngt oc r e at el owc os thous e sbypr acc i ngss us t ai nabl e me t hodsofc ons t r ucon. ’ T hea i mi st obr i ngdownt heba r r i e rbe t we e ne a r t ha ndt oda y ’ sa ppl i e d ha r mf ulbui l di ngpr oc e s s e se mpl oy e di nmode r n me s .S a c r e dGr ov e s be l i e v ei ne c ol og i c a l l yba l a nc e da nds us t a i na bl emode l ofc ons t r ucona nd ha v ebe e nr e s e a r c hi ngone ndl e s spos s i bi l ie si ne c ol og i c a l de v e l opme nt s i nc et hee x e c u onofpr oj e c ti n2012.

T hewor ki spowe r e dbyv ol unt e e r s , i nt e r nsa ndhi r e dma s onsma i nl y .T hemode l t hushope f ul l yc a ns e r v ea s e x a mpl ea ndc a nber e pl i c a t e di nhi g hde ni s t yur ba na r e a si ni ndi aa nd e l s e whe r e .

T hea i mt oa c hi e v el owc os t , l owma i nt e na nc e , offg r i de c ol og i c a l hous i ng byi nc or por a ngt hef ol l owi nge l e me nt s-

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-E ne r g ys e l f s uffic i e nc yus i ngs ol a r , wi nd, pumpe ds t or a g ea ndbi oma s s s y s t e ms .

-Wa t e rs e l f s uffic i e nc yf r omr a i nwa t e ra ndg r e y wa t e rha r v e sng .

-S omef oods e l f s uffic i e nc yf r omt hepr ov i s i onofor g a ni cv e g e t a bl e g a r de nsf ore a c hhous e .

-Pr e s e r v aonoff or e s ta r e a s-t hes a c r e dg r ov e s .

-T hi c kwa l l sa ndpa s s i v ec ool i ngs y s t e mne g a t et hene e df orACa nde v e n f a ns .

-Compos tt oi l e t s .

-S ha r e ds pa c e sa ndu l ie st oe nc our a g ec ommuni t ya cv ie sa nd i nt e r de pe nde nc e .

02

Wor kphi l os ophy -E c ol og i c a l l ys e ns iv ec ons t r uconme t hods .

-Z e r owa s t e .

Re c y c l i nga ndr e us i ngwa s t ef r oms i t ea ndf r oma r oundAur ov i l l e .

-E nc our a g i ngt hes pi r i tofc ommuni t ybui l di ngbyc ons t r ucngt hehous e si n t e a msofv ol unt e e r s , i nt e r nsa ndpa i dhe l pe s ma s or s , l a bour e r se t c .

-E x pe r i me nt aon wi t h ma t e r i a l sa nd findi ng a l t e r nav e me t hods of c ons t r ucon.

-E nc our a g i ngdi ffe r e ntwa y sofs us t a i na bl el i v i nga l ongwi t hc ons t r ucon.

Aboutt hes i t e -S ha r e ds pa c e sa ndu l ie st oe nc our a g ec ommuni t ya cv ie sa nd i nt e r de pe nde nc e .

-Us eofr e ne wa bl ee ne r g yr e s our c e s .

-Dor mf a c i l i t yons i t et oe nc our a g ec ommuni t yl i v i ng .

-Z one dpl a c e se a c hf orl i v i ng , ul ie sa ndwor k .

Whyt hi spr oj e c t ?

-Apr a cc a l k nowl e dg eons us t a i na bi l i t yi ne v e r ya s pe c ta ndnotj us ti nde s i g n.

-Ha ndsone x pe r i e nc ei nk nowi ngt heba s i c sofa r c hi t e c t ur ea ndc ons t r ucon.

-Ast hi spr oj e c tpr ov i de sha ndsone x pe r i e nc e , i tg i v e smor er oom f ordoubt s a ndi de a s .

-Ac ha nc et oe x pl or edi ffe r e ntme t hodsofc ons t r ucona nde x pe r i me nt aon.

-L e a r ni nga boutdi ffe r e ntma t e r i a l sa ndt e c hi ni que s .

-Oppor t uni t yt oi nt e r a c twi t hpe opl ef r omdi v e r s eba c k g r ound.

-Opoor t uni t yt oha ndl er e s pons i bi l ie sa ndde c i s i ons .

-Ge ngt ok nowt her e a l s oc i a l i s s ue sa ndot he rg r oundr e a l ie sof a r c hi t e c t ur e .

T heCi r c l e-pl a c eofdi s c us s i ons

Wor ke x pe r i e nc e-

Dor ms

03

Underc ons t r uconpr ot ot y pes

-Ha ndsone x pe r i e nc eonv a r i ousc ons t r uconme t hods .

-Ha ndl i ngs ma l l wor k s hops .

-Doc ume nt aon&c ompi l i ngofHa ndbook-( ag ui def orS a c r e dGr ov e s ) -Mi s c e l l a ne ouss i t ema i nt a i ne a nc ewor k .

Ba mbooc ons t r ucon Adobebr i c kma k i ng

Reus i ngwa s t e

E a r t hba gc ons t r ucon

Mudpl a s t er i ng

L i mema k i ng

Wi el di ng

Cobma k i ng

AdobeBr i c kL a y i ng

Cobma k i ng

Wa e&Da ub

Aqua poni c s

Compos tt oi l e t

Woodenfloor i ng

Mudfloor i ng

Cl a yl ema k i ng

Pl a s t er i ng

Cobbma k i ng

T i l efloor i ng

04

L I MEPL AS T E RI NG

S OI LT E S T

E x t er na l L i mePl a s t er

T oma k eag oodc obmi x , t opr oduc eas t r ong , s t a bl e bui l di ng , r a wma t e r i a l ss houl di de a l l yc ons i s tofar ao ofr oug hl y525%c l a ya nd7585% s a nd/a g g r e g a t e .

L i mei sus e df ort hee x t e r na lpl a s t e rt opr ot e c tt he wa l l sf r omt hehe a v yr a i ns .L i mei st hema j orc ompone ntoft hepl a s t e r .

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onst uent s: L i m e ( K a d a k a i +J a g g e r y ) , R i c e hu s k , Cl e a nag l a s s C F i l l t he j a r a b o u t F i l l up t h e r e s toft hej a r H u m a n h a i r . j a ra ndl i d. ha l f wa ywi t hs oi l wi t hwa t e r , l e a v i ngabi t ofhe a ds pa c et os ha k e F i r s tCoa t-F i r s tc oa ti st hes c r a t c hc oa twhi c h s s p r e a d u pi t h e c o n t e nt s . ont hewa l l f r omt opt obo om, j us ta sapa i ntont he wa l l .

T OPS OI L S UBS OI L

S ec ondc oa t-T hi si st hel e v e l l i ngc oa tt oma i nt a i nt he uni f or mt hi c k ne s soft hepl a s t e r .

WE AT HE RE D BE DROCK

T hi r dc oa t-Ma dewi t hs e i v e de a r t ht og i v eas moot he r fini s h.

BE DROCK

4

6 F i ni s hi ngc oa t-T hi s5 i st hel a s tc oa tg e ne r a l l ya ppl i e dt o g e tt hede s i r e d fi n i s h f o r t h e w a l l .

T i g ht e nt hel i da nd Putt hej a rdown Not et hedi ffe r e nt

Us eoft ops oi l s houl dbea v oi de d.

Or g a ni ct ops oi l a ddsi ne r tfil l i nt ot hec obwi t hnobe ne fit .

T ops oi l s hr i nk sov e r me , pot e na l l yc r e angv oi dsi nt hefini s he dwa l l .

Di gbe l owt het ops oi l t oe x pl or ef orc l a y , t ops oi l c a nbeus e df org a r de ni ng .

15 0

Appl i c a onofpl a s t er

s ha k et hej a rf or23 a ndl e ti tr e s tf or mi nut e s . Bi ndi nga g ent :E a r t h , m a n u e , l i me .

12hour s .r

l e v e l sofs oi l c ont e nt s . ( Cl a y / S i l t / S a nd)

S t r uc t ur a l c omponent: S a nd F i b r e :( I nc r e a s e ss t r e ng hti nr e i nf or c e me nt ) Obs e r v ao n s Ha mpha i r , a ni ma l ha i r , s t r a w, wool , s i s a l , Cl e a ra nds e pa r a t el a y e r sofs a nd,s i l ta ndc l a ya r e woodfibr e , hor s ema nur e , c oc onutfibr e . f or me d.De t e r mi ni gt hepe r c e nt a g eofc l a ybyv ol ume t r i c a na l y s i s:Na t ur a l s t a bl i z er sora ddhes i v es : -I fi tc ont a i n s 5 2 0 % o f c l a y t h e n i t i s p e r f e c t .l ( Gi v e suni quequa l i t yt ot hepl a s t e r i k ewa t e r -I fi tc ont a i n s m o r e c l a y , a d d s a n d . a ndfir er e s i s t a nc e , fle x i bi l i t y , dur a bl i t y ) -I fi tc ont a i nsmor es a nd, a ddc l a y .

06

I ng r e di e nt s

BUI L DI NGWI T HCOB Cobi sana t ur a lbui l di ngma t e r i a lma def r om s ubs oi l , wa t e r , s omek i ndoffibr ousor g a ni cma t e r i a l ( t y pi c a l l ys t r a w) .

S ome me sc ont e ntofs ubs oi l na t ur a l l yv a r i e s ,buti tc a nbemodi fie dwi t hs a ndorc l a y .

Cobi sfir e pr oof , r e s i s t a ntt os e i s mi ca cv i t y , a nd ne x pe ns i v e .

I tc a nbeus e dt oc r e a t ea rsc , s c ul pt ur a l f or msa swe l l .

-Cour s ec onc r e t es a nda nds ma l l s t one ss e r v ea sa g g r e g a t ei nc ob,s i mi l a rt oa g g r e g a t ei nc onc r e t e .

-Pr ov i de ss t r e ng t ha nds hr i nk a g ec ont r ol .

S AND

-I st hek e yi ng r e di e ntt ha tbi ndst hes a nda nd s t r a wi nt oamonol i t hi cwa l l s y s t e m.

-S c r e e ni ngt hec l a y e ys oi l t hr oug h1/ 2i nc hwi r e me s hhe l pse l i mi na t el a r g e rr oc k sa ndbr e a kupc l a y c l umpsf orbe e rmi x i ng .

I ns ul a onf r om S ound&T e mpe r a t ur ec ha ng e -P oort r a ns mie rofs ound.

-He a tt r a ns f e r st hr oug hc oba t1i nc h/hour . ( F or2f e e tt hi c kwa l l 24hour st opa s st hee ffe c ta l l t hewa yt hr oug h.

-T he r ma l ma s sofc obwa l l ss oa kupa nds t or es un’ s e ne r g y , t he nr e l e a s e si tdur i ngda y .

-Cobi sk nownt obet he r a pe u ca ndc ur av e .

I ta b-

CL AY

S T RAW

-L ongpi e c e sofs t r a wa l s ohe l pt ok ni tt og e t he r e a c hs uc c e s i v ea ddionofwe tc obt ot hewa l l .

-S t r a wpr ov i de st e ns i l es t r e ng t hf ora nypul i ng f or c e si ns i det hec obwa l l , whi c hpr ov i de sa ddiona l r e s i s t a nc et oc r a c k i ng .

-I ta l s oa c t sa si ns ul aona ndt r a psc a r bondi ox i de , a cnga sac a r bonba nk .

-Wa t e rt r a ns f or mst hewhol emi xi nt oonehomog e ne ousma t e r i a l .

-Al s ot hebi ndi ngma t e r i a l ( c l a y ) , s houl dbema dewe t t oc oa tt hea g g r e g a t epa rc l e st oc r e a t et he s uc ont ha tsc k si ta l l t og e t he r .

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WAT E R

Pr e pa r a onofc ob

CobT e s t s

Cobl a y i ng T os sT e s t

S t e p1 Pr e pa r et hepr e mi xby a ddi ngwa t e rt ot he e a r t hl il ebyl il e .

S t e p2 Adds t r a wst ot hepr e mi x .

S t r a wsa c ta st het e ns i l e me mbe ront hewa l l .

Aha ndf ul ofc obi sma dei nt oaba l l a ndt he n dr oppe df r omahe i g htof1mont oas o s ur f a c e .

Ani de a l mi xa e ri mpa c twi l l hol di t s s ha peI fi ts ha t e r s , i ti ndi c a t e st ha tt hemi xi s t oodr yort he r ei se x c e s ss a nd.

Cr unc hT e s t

S t e p3 Me r g et hes t r a wswi t he a r t h byf oot .

Con nuet hepr oc e s sl l a l l oft hes t r a wsa r eme r g e d t hr oug houtt hemi x t ur e .

S t e p4 Rol l i ti nt oal oa f .

As ma l l l umpoft hec obi st a k e na nds que e z e d ne a rt hee a r .

I ft he r ei se noug hs a nd, as ha r p g r angs oundi she a r d.

1.

Ma k i ngc ob2.

P a s s i ngc ob.

3.

L a y i ng( Ri bbonS pi ne ) 4.

Me r g i ng5.

S hoe i ng .

‘ Ri bbonS pi neMe t hod’ -I nt hi s , t hec obi sl a i da l ongt hec e nt e roft he wa l l t of or mt hes pi nea ndr i bsa r ema deby ov e r l a ppi ngt hec obf r ome i t he rs i de s .

-T hea l t e r nangg a psa r efil l e dwi t hr ubbl eof 30mms i z ea cngl i k e‘ c obc r e t e ’ -T hel i mi ti nt hewa l l bui l di ngs pe e di sus ua l l y t hedr y i ng me .

T hei de ai st obui l donada mp s o sc k yba s e , s ot ha tt hel a y e r sme r g et og e t he ra sone .

-Wec a nbui l dupt o8i nc he shi g hi ft hepr e mi x i sdr ya ndupt o4i nc he si fi ti sawe tmi x .

Ci g a rT e s t

S t e p5 Pul l outc hunk sf r omt hec ob l oa fa ndr ol l i nt oc obbr i c k s t ha tc a nbepa s s e d.

T oc he c ki ft he r ea r ee noug hs t r a ws .

Aha ndf ul ofc obi sma dei nt os ha peofc i g a ra ndt he n pul l e df r ome i t he rs i de .

I ft he r ea r ee noug h s t r a w, t hec i g a rdoe snotbr e a k , me a ni ngt he t e ns i l es t r e ng t hi sg ood.

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ADOBEBRI CK MAKI NG Adobebr i c k sa r es i mi l a rt onor ma lbr i c k sbuta r e de s i g ne da c c or di ngt ot hewa l l t hi c k ne s s .

T hebr i c k s doe s n’ tha v eaf r og ,be c a us et hemor t a ri smud, he nc et he r ei sl e s sque sonf orbondi ngaa nda l s o i tc a nma k ei tdi fic ul tt oc a s ti ti nma nua l pr oc e s sof ma k i nga dobe .

Adobe i s ma dema j or l ywi t hs ubs oi l ,f orc ompr e s s i v es t r e ng t hoft hebr i c k .T hes ubs oi l i sc ons i de r e dt obemor emoi s t , t hebr i c ki sma def r om s oi lc ons i sng of ,c l a y-15%, s i l t<20%.

Ri c ehus k i sa dde dwi t ht hee a r t hr e s pe c t e dr ao.

T hemi x i st he nt hr own i nt ot he moul d, t he woode n moul di swa s he dbe f or ee v e r yus a g ea ndqua r r y dus ti spr i nk l e di nt ot hemoul dbe f or et hemi xt o pa t c hupt heune v e ns ur f a c e .T hebr i c k sha st obe k e pt12da y si ns ha dea ndt he n23da y si ns un f ordr y i ng .

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ADOBEBRI CK E XPE RI ME NT ( T e ns i l es t r e ng htt e s ta na l y s i s )

Wor kpr oc e s s T her e qui r e da dobebr i c ki sba l a nc e dbe t we e nt het wol e g sofal a dde r s a ndt he nar opei se dt oi t sc e nt r e .

T hi sr opewa st he na a c he dt oawe i g hi ngma c hi nea ndf ur t he rt oaba r r e l whi c hwi l l c ont a i nwa t e ri ni t .

L i t r ebyl i t r ewa t e ri sa dde dt ot heba r r e ll lt he a dobe br i c k sf a i l s .T he we i g hta twhi c ht hebr i c kbr e a k sg i v et het e ns i l es t r e ng t hoft hebr i c k .T he c ompr e s s i v es t r e ng t hi snots pe c i a l l ya c c ount e df or ,be c a us et hes oi lt e s t c ome out wi t h a hi g hpe r c e nt a g eofs a ndi ni t( s a ndg i v e sc ompr e s i v e s t r e ng t h) S omet e s tr e s ul t sBr i c k di me ns i on ( c m)

E a r t h& l ong s t r a w

E a r t h& c hoppe d s t r a w

45x30x7 45x30x6 45x30x5

32k g 20k g 27k g

52k g 48k g 20k g

E a r t h: E a r t h: c e: S t r a w Ri c ehus k Ri 6: 1: 0.

5 6: 1 62k g 48k g 44k g

74k g 58k g 28k g

E a r t h: Ri c e: S t r a w 6: 0.

5: 1 76k g 39k g 26k g

Conc l us i on T hec ombi naonwi t hl e s shus k&mor es t r a wsr e v e a l e dt obet hes t r ong e s t .

T a k i ngnt oa c c ount ,t he e a s e ofpr oducon,t he onl yr i c e hus k wa s c hos e n( f orc ompa r iv e l yg oods t r e ng t h)

10

E ART HCRE T E I ti spr omot e da sa ne nv i r onme ntf r i e ndl y a l t e r nav et oc a s tc onc r e t e .

T hec a s te a r t h s l ur yi spour e di nf or mss i mi l a rt oc onc r e t e c ons t r ucona ndi sas ui t a bl ea l t e r nav et o c onc r e t ewa l l s .

E a r t hc r e t ei sus e da sc onc r e t ebutt her ao i sdi f e r e nta ndi ns t e a dofr i v e rs a ndweus e e a r t h.

Ra oi nba r n 1: 9: 18( c e me nt: e a r t h: r ubbl e ) I nt hewhol ec ons t r ucon, onl y2%of por t l a ndc e me nti sus e d.

E a r t hc r e t ei s us e df r omf oundaon l l pl i nt hl e v e l .

Ba mboosa r eus e dt or e duc et hewe i g htof t hee a r t hc r e t ea nda l s ot or e duc et heus e ofs t e e lba r s ,we a l s o do be a mswi t h e a r t hc r e t ewhi c hc ons i s t sofs t e e lba r sa t ma i ne sa ndba mbooa tmi de s .

11

Di s c a r de dpe t r ol pi pe sha v ebe e nus e df ors hu e rng oft hewa l l s .

As hu e rhe i g hti sa ppr ox i ma t e l y3f e e t , whi c hi sj oi ne dbys hi ppi ngwoodwhi c ha c t e da ssffe ni ngme mbe rpl a c e da tdi s t a nc eof3f e e tc / ca c r os s pe t r ol pi pe s .

F ort hi sme t hodofc ons t r ucont obec a r r i e dout , t he t e a mwa sdi v i de di nt o3g r oups , whi c hi nc l ude spa s s i ng , l oa di nga ndpour i ngt e a m.

Pa s s i ngt ea m: -P our i ngt hee a r t hc r e t emi xf r omt hemi x e rma c hi net o t hee mpt yt e s l a s .

-P a s s i ngt het e s t st ot hes i t eofc ons t r uconi . eupt o t hewa l l whi c hi sbe i nge a r t hc r e t e d.

-P a s s i ngt hee mpt yt e s l a sba c kt ot hemi x i ngma c hi ne .

L oa di ngt ea m: -L oa di ngt hema t e r i a l sf ore a r t hc r e ngi . ea g g r e g a t e s , e a r t ha ndc e me nti na ppr opr i a t er aosi nt hemi x e rma c hi ne .

-Raosus e df ore a r t hc r e a t emi x(c e me nt: e a r t h: a g g r e g a t e sf r omr ubbl e )1: 9: 18, 1: 6: 12, 1/ 4: 5: 14( t her ao v a r i e sa c c or di ngt ot het y pe sofe a r t ha ndt hes i z eof t hea g g r e g a t e s .

-Addi ngwa t e ri nr i g htqua n e st ot hemi xi nt he mi x e rma c hi ne .

-Che c k i ngt hec ons i s t e nc yoft hemi xonc epr e pa r e d a nda l t e r i ngt her aoi fr e qui r e d.

Pour i ngt ea m: -P our i ngt hee a r t hc r e t epa s s e di nt ot hes hu e r i ng .

-Ra mmi ng/Compa cngt hepour e dc onc r e t ewi t ha sc korar od.

-Che c k i ngt hehor i z ont a l a ndv e rc a l l e v e l soft he pour e dc onc r e t emi x .

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L I MEMAKI NG ( L i meChak k i )

F r omol de n me s , l i meus e df orpl a s t e r i ngi snon -hy dr a ul i cl i me .

T hi sl i meha st obepounde dwi t h s a ndpa rc l e st og e t he r , t hi si sbe c a us et hes a nd pa rc l e sg i v e ss t r e ng t ht ot he me .

I nt hi sc a s e , t he l i me i s pounde d wi t h qua r r y dus t .T he f e r me nt e ds ol u onofk a da k a i a ndj a g g e r yhe l ps i nde c r e a s i ngt hes e ng meofl i me .

Weg e tpowe de r e dl i mei . ec a l c i umhy dr ox i de ( s l a k e dl i me ) , whi c hi sus e di nc ons t r ucona cv i t y .

T hi sl i met he na bs or bsc a r bondi ox i def r om a t mos phe r ea nda g a i nc onv e r t sba c kt ol i me s t one( c a l c i umc a r bona t e ) 2mi x t ur e sa r epr e pa r e d.

F i r s tmi xofL i mea nd Qua r r ydus ta t9: 15r ao.

S e c ond, af e r me nt aon ofk a da k a i a ndj a g g e r ya t18: 20r ao, whi c hi s k e ptf orf e r me nt aonf or4we e k s .

13

34ba t c he soffir s tmi xi spour e di nt hec i r c ul a rpi tofl i me c ha k k i .

T he nt hes e c ondmi xi spour e dwi t hl il ewa t e rf ora pe r f e c tg r i nd.

T he nt hec i r c ul a rs t onewhi c hi sa a c he dt oa r oda tt hec e nt e roft hec i r c ul a rpi ti sdr i v e nbybul l oc k s .

T he bul l oc kha v et oc ompl e t ea t l e a s t200c i r c ul a rr ounds .

T he mi xs houl dbefinea ndpe r f e c t l yg r i nde d, s ot hemi xha st obe sr r e dwi t hl ongt r owe l .

Onc et hemi xi sr e a dy , i tha st obe s t or e di nf e r me nt aonf or2we e k s , ae rwhi c hi ti sr e a dyt o beus e d.

Qua r r ydus t

L i me

Qua r ydus t&L i me mi x t ur ewi t h Ka da k a i &J a g g e r y

F e r me nt e ds ol u on ofj a g e r ya nd k a da k a i .

Bul oc k sg r i ndi ng t hemi x

F i neL i memor t a r

14

L I MEPL AS T E RI NG E x t er na l L i mePl a s t er L i mei sus e df ort hee x t e r na lpl a s t e rt opr ot e c tt he wa l l sf r omt hehe a v yr a i ns .L i mei st hema j orc ompone ntoft hepl a s t e r .

Const uent s: L i me( Ka da k a i +J a g g e r y ) , Ri c ehus k , Huma nha i r .

F i r s tCoa t-F i r s tc oa ti st hes c r a t c hc oa twhi c hi ss pr e a d ont hewa l l f r omt opt obo om, j us ta sapa i ntont he wa l l .

S ec ondc oa t-T hi si st hel e v e l l i ngc oa tt oma i nt a i nt he uni f or mt hi c k ne s soft hepl a s t e r .

T hi r dc oa t-Ma dewi t hs e i v e de a r t ht og i v eas moot he r fini s h.

F i ni s hi ngc oa t-T hi si st hel a s tc oa tg e ne r a l l ya ppl i e dt o g e tt hede s i r e dfini s hf ort hewa l l .

Bi ndi nga g ent :E a r t h, ma nur e , l i me .

S t r uc t ur a l c omponent: S a nd F i br e:( I nc r e a s e ss t r e ng hti nr e i nf or c e me nt ) Ha mpha i r , a ni ma l ha i r , s t r a w, wool , s i s a l , woodfibr e , hor s ema nur e , c oc onutfibr e .

15

Appl i c a onofpl a s t er

Na t ur a l s t a bl i z er sora ddhes i v es : ( Gi v e suni quequa l i t yt ot hepl a s t e rl i k ewa t e r a ndfir er e s i s t a nc e , fle x i bi l i t y , dur a bl i t y )

I nt er na l L i mepl a s t er

Wor kPr oc es s

Compone ne t sofPl a s t e r Bi nde r: E a r t h, F i br e s: Cowdung Ag g r e g a t e s: E a r t h, Cha r c oa l .

Addiv e: Ma i da

Pr oporons: E a r t h: Cowdung: Cha r c oa l : Ma i da( 8: 2: 1: 1) T hi swhol emi xi ss t a mpe dwe l l wi t hf e e t .

T hepl a s t e r i sa ppl i e di n4c oa t sa sme n one de a r l i e ri nde t a i l .

16

COBF L OORI NG Aone pi e c ec obfloori st hel ong e s tl a sngt y peofe a r t hfloor .

T hefloors ur f a c es i t sont opofwha t e v e ry ou’ v ede c i de dt ous e f ort heba s el a y e r .

Y ouc a nma k eafloorwi t hone3/ 4i nc hl a y e r ort wo1/ 2to3/ 4i nc hl a y e r sofc obfloormi c( wi t hop ona l a ddiv e s )t hi nne ddownt oac ons i s t e nc yt ha tc a nbet r owe l e d on.

17

Ma k ei ta sdr ya spos i bl ebutwe te noug ht ot r owe l .T hel e s s moi s t ur et he r ei swhe ny oul a yi tdown,t hequi c k e ri twi l ldr y a ndt hel e s si twi l l c r a c k .K e e pi ngy ourt r owe lwe twhi l ewor l i ngont hefloorwi l l ma k ei tal ote a s i e rt os moot ht hes ur f a c e .

PROCE S S

3

1 As ol i dpl a or mi sc r e a t e dbyr e mov i ng t he v e g e t aon a nd t op s oi la nd c ompa cngi twe l l wi t har a mme r , t he n t he t ot a lde pt h oft he fina lfloor ( 530mm)i sma r k e d.

2 Ag r a v e l ba s e( 300600mm)i sma deof c l e a n r ound g r a v e la nd t hr oug hl y r a mme d.T hi sl a y e ri st he r e f e r e nc e l e v e l l i ngfloor .

5 F i na l l a y e rmi x e sa r ema dewi t hs e i v e d c l a ys ubs oi l t hr oug ha3mms c r e e nfine s a nd, c hoppe ds t r a wa ndc owdunga r e a dde d.

T hi sl a y e rha shi g hs a nd( 25mm t hi c kc ont e ntt omi ni mi s ec r a c k s )

Ai ns ul l aonl a y e ri si ns t a l l e dt opr e v e nt t hehe a tl os sf r om t hebui l di ngt ot he g r ounda ndt oa v oi dwa t e rs e pa g ef r om t heg r oundt ot hebui l di ng100150mm t hi c kl a y e rma deoffine l ys e i v e dc l a y mi x e dwi t hwa t e ra nds t r a wi sl a y e d.

4 I ns ul aon l a y e ri st hr oug hl yc he c k e d be f or et he c obs ubfloori sl a y e d.T he c obmi xus e dha smor es a nda ndg r a v e l t ha nt he nor ma lc ob,l e v e l l i ngi sdone us i ng a ba t e na nd s c r a ppi ng outt he e x c e s sc ob.

T hes ur f a c ei sl e r oug hs o t hec obt odr ye a s i l ya ndc r e a t eag ood k e yf ort hene x tl a y e r .

7 6 T hefina l l a y e ri s12mmt hi c ka ndi ss i mi l a r t ot hepr e v i ousl a y e rwhe nt hel a y e ri s g r e e n-ha r di ti spuffe dwi t hwe ts pong e t oe x pos et hebe a uf ul s t r a ndsofs t r a w.

5c oa t sofl i ns e e doi l i sa ppl e dt oma k ei t wa t e ra ndt e r mi t epr oofa ndg i v eane a t a ndc oz yl ook .

8 F i ni s he dfloor

18

ADOBEBRI CK L AYI NG T hemor t a rmi xi s ofe a r t ha nd wa t e r .T hi se a r t ha nd wa t e ra r e mi x e d l l t hec ons i s t e nc yofmor t a r i sobt a i ne d.

T hemi xi ss t a mpe dov e r t obr e a kt hel umpa ndma k ei tfing e r .

T hewa l l sa r ewa t e r e dwe l lbe f or e t hebr i c k sa r el a i d.

20-30mm t hi c k l a y e rofmor t a ri ss pr e a da ndt he br i c k sa r el a i dov e ri t .

Nopr ope rbondi sf ol l owebutt hehe a de ra r epl a c e da l t e r nav e l yt oa v oi dv e rc a l c r a c k s .

P a l my r at r unk sa r e t r e a t e da ndus e da sac ol umn,t he ya r ebi nde dt ot hebr i c k swi t hhe l pofi r onr od.

A300mml ongme t a l r odi s dr i l l e di nt ot hec ol umnwhi l eha l foft her odr e s t sont hebr i c k .

PL AN

19

Mor t a rmi x i ng Mor t a ri spr e pa r e dbya ddi ngwa t e rt o t hee a r t ha nds t a mpi ngi twe l l .

Br i c kL a y i ng T hewa l l sa r ewa t e r e dwe l l be f or et he br i c k sa r el a i d.

2030mmt hi c kl a y e r ofmor t a ri spour e da ndt hebr i c k sa r e l a i ds uc ht ha tt hehe a de ra nds t r e t c he r a r el a i da l t e r nav e l yt oa v oi dv e rc a l c r a c k s .

Cor nerwa l l Cur v e dc or ne rwa l l a r edonebyma r k i ng t hebr i c ka c c or di ngt ot hec or ne ra nd c hi s e l i ngi t .

T heg a psbe t we e nt hebr i c k s a r efil l e dwi t hmor t a ra ndr ubbl e sf orr e i nf or c e me nt .

Pa l my r awoodCol umns T hi c k , pi t c hbl a c kt r e et r unk sa r e c hos e n, t heba r k sa r er e mov e d.

S moot he ne da ndc oa t e dwi t hc a s he woi l ( a nt e r mi t e ) .

T heba s ewhe r et he c ol umns i t sonbe a mi sc ov e r e dwi t hDPC s he e ta nda l umi ni umf oi l .

Rei nf or c ement F ore v e r y4c our s e sar odi sdr i l l e di nt ot he c ol umna ndbr i c k sa r epl a c e d ov e ri t , t hi s a c t sa sac onne conbe t we e nt hewa l la nd t hec ol umn.

I ta l s og i v e sr e i nf or c e me ntt ot he wa l l .

Adobebr i c k s Rao-E a r t h: Ri c eHus k( 6: 1) .

Ri c ehus k i sus e dt og i v es t r e ng t ht ot hebr i c k .

20

E ART HBAG CONS T RUCT I ON S a nd ba gc ons t r ucon i sa f a s tc ons t r ucon me t hodwhi c hi nv ol v e sfil l i ng t heba ga nd r a mmi ngi t , r a mmi ngi sdonet oc ompr e s st hemuda nd ma k ei tmor es t r ong e r .Ba r bwi r ea r ea dde da bov e e v e r yl a y e rt ok e e pt hes a ndba gi npl a c e .

S a ndba g c ons t r ucona r eg e ne r a l l yc i r c ul a r , t her a di usoft he c i r c l ei sk e pti na c c ountbyac ha i nwhi c hi sa nc hor e di nt hec e nt r e ,whi c h he l psi na c hi e v i ni nga r e f e r e nc epoi ntt oa c hi e v et hes ha peofadome .

21

Us e dc e me ntba g sa r eus e df or e a r t hba gc ons t r ucon.

T he s e ba g sa r efil l e dwi t he a r t ha ndl i me mi x t ur e , a tr ao6: 1.

T hena r r owt r e nc hi ss l ope ds uffic i e nt l yi ns pe c i ficdi r e coni nt oa ope npi tne a r by .

T he s efil l e dba g sa r epa c e done a bov et heot he ra ndpr ope r l y s t a g g e r e dt oa v oi dv e rc a l j oi nt s .

T he nt he ya r er a mme dt og e t e v e ns ur f a c e .

Ae rl a y i ng1f ul l c our s eofe a r t hba g s , ba r bwi r ei sl a i da l ongt he c e nt e r , whi c hhol dst heba g st og e t he r .

T he c e nt r a ls c a ffol di ngr odi s i s s ue da sar e f e r e nc e .

Ahor i z ont a l s c a ffol di ngr odi te dwi t ht he v e rc a l onet ok e e pac he c kon t hedi a me t e r .

T hee l e c t r i c a l l i ne sa r edonewi t h r e c y c l e dpe t r ol pi pe sa ndwoode n s wi t c hbox e s .

22

Rubbl eT r enc hF ounda on T hebo omoft het r e nc hwa sl a i dwi t hg r a ni t e s t one s , f or mi ngawa t e rc ha nne l .

L ongs t one sa r e l a i dont he i rna r r ow s i de , wi t hag a pof4” , de fine st hes i dewa l l soft hec ha nne l .

L a r g efla t s t one sl a i dont het he s es i dewa l l st a k et hel oa dof t her ubbl ea bov e .

T hewa t e r c ha nne l i st he nt e s t e d f ors t a bi l i t ybywa l k i ngoni tba r e f oot .

Roc k ys t one s we r eba l a nc e dus i ngs ma l l e rfla ts t one sk e ptunde r t he m.

E nv i r onme ntf r i e ndl yf oundaon, s i mpl e a ndc os te ffe cv e , l e s ss k i l l e dl a bourr e qui r e d.

Us e ofl oos es t one sorr ubbl emi ni mi z e sus eofc onc r e t ea ndi mpr ov edr a i na g e .

23

Rubbl ec ol l e c t e df or m de mol ionwa s t ewa sfil l e done i t he rs i deoft hec ha nne l a ndc ompa c t e d t ok e e pt hec ha nne l f r omc ol l a ps i ng .

T hel owe s tl e v e l ofwa t e rc ha nne l oc c ur sa tapoi ntwhe r ei t j oi nsa ne x i sngwa t e rc ha nne l , whi c hl e a dsoutofs i t e .

24

WAL LCRACKS Cr a c k ss t a r t e dde v e l opi ngi nt he1s tflooroft he hous e s ,whi c h wa sune x pe c t e da st he r ewe r e no c r a c k sont heGr oundfloor .T or e pa i ri t , di ffe r e nta ppr oa c he swe r ee x pe r i me nt e d.

Re a s on-L e s smi c r ofibr ea cont og r oundfloor Mor ee x pos e dt o di r e c ts unl i g ht ( 1s tfloor ) Di f e r e ntc ons i s t e nc yofc obl a y e r s .

T y pesofc r a c k s-

S t r uc t ur a l c r a c k

25

S ur f a c ec r a c k

S ur f a c ec r a c k s De v e l opsont hes ur f a c e&r e ma i nsa sas ma l l c r a c k , wi t houtde v e l opi nga nyf ur t he ri nf ut ur e .

S t r uc t ur a l c r a c k s De v e l opsa ndc r a c k st hr oug houtt hee nr ewi dt hof t he wa l l .I tc a n ma i nl y beof2t y pe s:v e rc a l& hor i z ont a l .

T hi sonei sha z a r doust obui l di ng .

S ol u ons S ur f a c ec r a c k s:Cur i ng T hes ur f a c ec r a c k sa r ema dewe tus i ngwe tj ut es a c k s na i l e dt ot hewa l l .

E a c hda yt hes a c k sha v et ober e we t .

Di r e c twe ngoft hec r a c k si snota dv i s a bl ea si twi l l wa s hoft hee a r t hont hewa l l s .

We ts a c k spr ov i dea moi s ta t mos hphe r ea swe l la spr ot e conf r om di r e c t s unl i g ht .

Me t hodol og y T or e pa i rt hes t r uc t ur a l c r a c k s , 4e x pe r i me nt a l me t hodsa r ec a r r i e d out: Rao-E a r t h:L i me: Ri c ehus k-4: 1: 1 T og i v emor es t r e ng t ht ot hemi x ,t r a diona li ng r e di e nt ss uc ha s j a g g e r y&k a da k a l i s e e dsa r ea l s ous e di ns ol u onf or m.

4ba r nsof e a r t hi smi x e dwi t hl i mes ol u on( l i me + k a da k a i+ j a g g e r y s ol u on)i nat r a pus i ngf e e t( boot s ) .

T ot hi smi x1ba r nofr i c ehus k i sa dde da ndmi x e dpr ope r l y .

S ol u onr ao-Wa t e r( 25l i t r e ): J a g g e r y( 3k g ): Ka da k a i s e e d( 2k g ) T hei ng r e di e nta r emi x e dt og e t he ri nt he i rr e s pe cv er aosa nd l e tt of e r me ntf orami ni mumof1mont h.

26

T hepr oc es s: S t ep1:S t r uc t ur a lc r a c ki sl ef ordr y i ngc ompl e t e l y .

T he nr e c t a ng ul a rbox e sof12’ x6’ x6’ a r ec hi s e l e don t hewa l l s .

S t ep2: Adobebl oc k swi t he a r t hmi x e dwi t hwa t e r( a l il ewe tmi x ) .

L i mes oa l e di nwa t e rf orada y .

J a g g e r y i sf e r me nt e dwi t hk a da k a i ,a ndt hi ss ol u oni smi x e d wi t hl i me mi x t ur e .I t smi x e d we l la nd a dde dt o pr e mi x .

S t ep3:S t a mpi nga ndfli ppi ngpr e mi xi smi x e dwe l l , t he nhuma nha i ri sa de da ndmi x e dwe l l .

S t ep4: S t r a wsa r ea l s oa dde da ndmi x e dwe l l byfli pi nga nds t a mpi ng .

S t ep5: Adobebl oc k sa r ema dewi t hhe l pofamoul d.

S t ep6: Bl oc k sa r edr i e df orada y .

S t ep7:Bl oc k sa r et he nfil l e di nt owa l ll i k enor ma l br i c k s .

S t ep8: L i memor t a ri smi x e dwi t hr i c ehus ka ndus e d a samor t a r .

S t ep9:I ti spr ope r l yc ov e r e dwi t hj ut es oc k sa nd c ur e d.

27

E L E CT RI CALDUCT I NG Ol dpe t r ol pi pe si ns t e a dofPVCpi pe si nor de rt oupc y c l et he us e ofpe t r olpi pe sa nda l s ot or e duc et he e l e c t r i c a l fie l di nduc e d.

S t ep1: Ma r kt hee l e c t r i c a l wi r epa t hwi t hc ha l kont he wa l l .

S t ep2: Chi s e l l outt hema r k e da r e awi t hc hi s e l l .

S t ep3: S t e e l wi r ewi l bena i l e di ns i det heduc t .

S t ep4: F i xt hepe t r ol pi pe si nt heduc ta nd g ht e ne d S t ep5: F i xt hee l e c t r i c a l box e sa tt her e s pe cv es pot s .

S t ep6: P a s st hee l e c t r i cwi r ea ndt he nfil l upwi t hc ob.

Di s c a r de dpe t r ol pi pe sha v ebe e nus e df ors hu e rngof t hewa l l s .

As hu e rhe i g hti sa ppr ox i ma t e l y3f e e t , whi c hi s j oi ne dbys hi ppi ngwoodwhi c ha c t e da ssffe ni ngme mbe r pl a c e da tdi s t a nc eof3f e e tc / ca c r os spe t r ol pi pe s .

Adv a nt a g esofwa s t epe t r ol pi pesi nc l ude: -I nc r e a s ei nt hel ong ev i t yoft hepe t r ol pi pe s -Re c y c l i ngofl a ndfil l ma t e r i a l s .

-T e x t ur e dwa l l s , a e s t he c a l l ypl e a s i ng -Dur a bl e&Wa t e r pr oof .

28

L i nt el sa ndBea ms

L i nt e l sa r epl a c e d ov e rope ni ng s .

5l i nt e l sa r epl a c e d t og e t he r .

-T hes us pe nde dc e i l i nga ndr oofingbe a msa r ema deof pa l my r awood.

-P a l mr y r at r e e s ,pi t c hbl a c ka ndt hi c ki ndi a me t e ra r e c hos e n, c uti nt or e qui r e dl e ng t h, br e a dt ha ndde pt h.

-I ti spa i nt e dwi t hc a s he woi l ( a nt e r mi t e ) .T heporons oft hebe a ma whi c hi st os i tont hewa l l sa r ec ov e r e dwi t h DPCa nda g a i nwr a ppe dwi t hAl umi ni umf oi l s he e t .

T hebe a msa r enowputont opofwa l l s ,ma i nt a i ni ngt he hor i z ont a l l e v e l .

-T he nt he ya r ec ov e r e dwi t hc obc hunk s .

-Be a mswhi c ha r ei nt e r r upt e dbys unk e ns l a bs , a r edi r e c t l ys uppor t e dbyt hes l a b.

-T hebe a mi sc onne c t e dt ot hes l a bbyt ong uea ndg r oov e j oi nt .

-T hebe a msa r et he npl a c e dont hel e v e l l e dwa l l sa ndt he c obl a y e r sc on nueov e ri t .

T hebe a msa r epl a c e da ta ni nt e r na l of2f e e t .

-T hebe a msa r ec oa t e dwi t hc a s he woi l t opr ot e c ti tf r om

29

-5l i nt e l s t one sa r epl a c e done a c hoft heope ni ng s .

-T hes t one sa r epl a c e dupont hehor i z ont a l l yl e v e l l e dwa l l s .

-T he ya r e e dt og e t he rus i ngs t e e lr e ba r sa nd me t a l wi r e s .

-Cobi sl a i dont hes t one sa ndi ns e r t e dc a r e f ul l y i ns i det heg a psbe t we e nt hes t one s .

P a l mbe a ms

Cov e r i ngwi t h t a ra ndbi t ume n

Re mov i ngt heba r k s

Pl a c i ngbe a ms

S moot he ni ng

Ca s he woi l c oang

E a r t hqua k er es i s t a ntdes i g n

T hewoode nr ae r soft hev e r a nda hr oofi s pr ov i de dwi t hbol t e dj oi nt s .

T hi sa l l owst he mo oni nt wodi r e consa ndhe nc er e s i s t s t hec y c l one .

T hec ol umnsoft hes e c ondflooroft hepr ot ot y pehous ewe r epr ov i de dwi t hak i ndof ba l la nd s oc k e tj oi nt .Whe nc y c l one or e a r t hqua k ec ome s ,t hebui l di ngbe c ome s fle x i bl ea ndr e duc e st her i s kofda ma g e

30

CL T( Cr os sL a mi na t edT i mber )

Cr os s l a mi na t e d mbe r( CL T )i sa pl a t el i k epr oduc t ma def r om mbe r .

L a y e r sofpl a nk sa r eg l ue dor i e nt a t e da t90de g r e et oe a c hot he r ,us ua l l yi nas y mme t r i cwa ys ot ha tt heout e rl a y e r sha v et hes a me or i e nt aon.An odd numbe rofl a y e r si smos t c ommonbutt he r ea r ec onfig ur aonswi t he v e n numbe r sa swe l l ( whi c ha r et he na r r a ng e dt og i v ea s y mme t r i cc onfig ur aon) Weus eCL Tf orfloor i ngi ts houl da l wa y sbei nodd l a y e r i ng sl i k e3, 5, 7e t c .

21 3 9

T hec r os sg l ui nga l l owsus i ngt hepl a t e swi t ht wos pa n di r e conswhe r e bys omedi ffr e nc e si nsffne s sa nd s t r ng t ha r eobs e r v e da l ongt het wodi r e cons .

I ti ss i mi l a rt opl y woodbutwi t hdi sncv e l yt hi c k e rl a mi na ons .

F ora dhe s i v ewec a nus ea r a l di t ef e v i c ole t c .butwhe n t he s ei ndusa la dhe s i v e sr e a c twi t hwoodt he ye mi t t ox i cg a s e sl i k ef or ma l de hy dea ndi s oc y ni de .S oweg o f orna t ur a la dhe s i v e sl i k ec ombi naonofg e l anea nd v i ne g a rf orwa t e rpr oofingwea ppl ymi x e rofboi l e dl i ne s e doi l a ndbe ewa xa ndt ur pe n neoi l .

32 0

AQUAPONI CS Aqua poni c s+Aqua c ul t ur e( r i s i ngofe di bl efis h)+Hy dr oponi c s( g r owi ng v e g e t a bl e sa ndhe r bswi t houts oi l ) .As e l fs uffic i e nta s s e mbl yofpl a nt s a nda ni ma l st ha tf unconsl i k ea ne c os y s y t e m, pr oduc i ngf oodf orpe opl e wi t houtc r e angws t epr oduc t sorpol l u on.

I ti smos te ffic i e nta ndr e v ol u ona r yme t hodofa g r i c ul t ur et oda y .

PVCpi pe sa r eus e dt opl a ntv e g e t a bl epl a nt aon

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Adv a nt a g es-We a t he rorc l i ma t ei nde pe nde ntf oodc a nbe g r owna l l y e a ra r oundi nac ont r ol l e dg r e e nhous e .

-Notde pe nde ntons oi l c ompos ionorr a i nf a l l .

-Wa t e rc ons e r v aon.Us e sonl y510% oft he a mountofwa t e ra sc ompa r e dt oc l a s s i c a la g r i c ul t ur e .

L os si sonl yduet oe v a por aon.

-L e s sl a ndr e qui r e d,s e l f s uffic i e nc yi n me sof c r i s i s .

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T HEAQUAPONI CS S E T UP

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01-As ui t a bl epr e c i nc ti se s t a bl i s he di nt hev i c i ni t yof3pr e s t a ndi ngc ont a i ne r s , t hepool i spr e e x i sng .

02-T hes pa c eoft hea v a i l a bl epool i si nt ur nc ov e r e dbyapol y e s t e rne ts he e tt opr ov i depr ope r s unl i g ht .

04-T hefil t e r aonpl a nt( me c ha ni c a l )a r ee s t a bl i s he dus i nge c os a ndfil t e r si nt hee nv e l opeofi ndus t r i a l pol y e s t e rdr um.

05-T hepl a nt sa r epr es e l e c t e di ns y ncwi t ht he nut r i e nt sbe i ngs uppl i e di nt hec i r c ul angwa t e r .

03-T het opc a nopyi se x e c ut e di ng a bl es t y l er oof t obr e a kt hei nt e ns i t yoft hes unl i g ht .

06-T hepl a nt sa r eputi nr e g ul a re a r t he r npota nd a r ei nputupa tdi s t a nc eof300mmi na150mm dr a i npi pe .

07-Oft hefil t e r si nt hee nr es y s t e m, t hes e c ond fil t e ri sac ompos ionofs a nd, g r a v e l a ndc ha r c oa l l a y e r s .

08-T hefil t e ri sc onne c t e dt ot hec i r c ul angwa t e r i nt hedy na mi cwa t e r soft hea rfic i a l e c os y s t e ms .

10-T heme c ha ni c a l fil t e rwi t ha ne ne r g ys our c et o k e e pt hewa t e ri nmo on.

11-T hei mpr ov i s e de l e c t r i cfil t e r sa r eus e dt oi mpr ov ewa t e rqua l i t yf ur t he r .

09-T hec i r c ul angwa t e ri si nt r oduc e di nt he pl a ntbe dc ha mbe r swhi c hwe r epl a c e di nt he dr a i npi pe .

12-T hefina l e s t a bl i s hme nt .

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Da i l yt a s k 1.T oma k es ur ea l lpumpsa r ewor k i ng ,e s pe c i a l l yt he ox y g e npumps .

2.Ma k i ngfis hf ooda ndma k i ngs ur et hea v a i l a bi l i t yf or t hes a mef ort hene x t2da y s .

3.F e e di ngfis h3 me sada y .8l umpsoff ood/ 250fis h.

Hi g he rt hee x c r e on=hi g he rt heni t r a t el e v e l s=mor e nut r ionf ort hepl a nt s .

4.

Cl e a r a nc eofa r e a , f r e eofl e a v e sa ndde br i s .

5.Che c k i ngt hepl a nt sf org r owt ha ndpe s t sa ndi r r e g ul a r ie s .

BI OF I L T E R

T hebi ofil t e ri sde s i g ne di n4l a y e r s .

I tc l e a nst hewa t e ri n abi ol og i c a l wa ywi t houtus i nga nyc he mi c a l sora ddiv e s a st ha twoul dha r mork i l l t hefis h.

F I NES AND CHARCOAL BI GPE E BL E S S OI LQUAL I T YCHE CK

T he PHoft hes oi li sc he c k e dt wi c eawe kwi t hdi ffe r e nt s ol u onsbe i ngus e di nt hepr oc e s s .T hek i ti sc a l e da s f r e s hwa t e rk i t ,i ta l s oc he c k st hea mmoni a , ni t r a t ea nd ni t r i t ec ont e nti nt hewa t e r .

De pe ndi ngupont hePH,r e s pe cv epl a nt sa r ea dde dt o t hes y s t e m.

S MAL LPE BBL E S BACKT OF I S HPOND L a y er si nBi ofil t er s

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GRE YWAT E RT RE AT ME NT S a c r e dpondi sawa t e rr e c y c l i ngs y s t e m.I nt hi s s y s t e m,i ns t e a dofwa snge ne r g y ,t hepowe rof na t ur ei sus e d.Wa t e rc a nbeus e dmulpl e me s a ndwa t e rpur i fic aoni sdonewi t ht heflowoft he wa t e ri nt hi spa rc ul a rs y s t e m.

T hepondwa l l sa r ebui l dbyde mol i s hi ngwa s t e .

E a r t hc r e t ei sus e da sbi ndi nga g e ntf ort hepond.

F orpl a s t e r i ng ,l i mepl a s t e ri sdoneont hei nne r wa l l soft hepond.L i mei sc ons i de r e dwa t e rpr oof , he nc ei the l psi ne e pi ngt hewa t e ri nt heponds t a g na t e d.

T he r ei sas e r i e sofflowc ha nne l whi c ha r edi ffe r e nt c l e a ni ngs t a g e si nt hepond.Us i ngg y ps um c a n r e duc et hes l udg ema k e st heg r e ywa t e ri nt oc l e a r wa t e rt ha tc a nber e us e dinhous ehol dus e sl i k e wa t e r i ng t he pl a nt s ,flus hi ng a nd ma ny mor e t hi ng s .

-Gr e ywa t e rflowsi nt ot hea na e r obi ct a nkwhe r e e ffe cv emi c r obe sde s t r oyt hewa s t e .

-I nt hef a c ul t av epr oc e s s ,t hea l g a epr e pa r e st he wa t e rf ora g r i c ul t ur e .

-Onr e a c hi ngt hefina l pond, t hewa t e ri st hor oug hl yfil t e r e da ndi sfitf orr e us e .

T hewa t e ri sf ur t he rfil t e r e dbyfis he sa ndi sl a t e r us e df org r owi ngv e g e t a bl e s .

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T heg r e ywa t e rf r oms howe ri sdi r e c t e d i nt ot hepondf ort r e a t me nt .

T heg r e ywa t e rf r omt hes howe r a r e ai sc ol l e c t e di nt hi st a nkbe f or e l e ngi na na e r obi ct a nk .

T heg r e ywa t e rflowsi nt ot hea na e r obi c t a nkwhe r ee ffe cv emi c r obe sde s t r oy t hewa s t e .

T hefis he si nt hi sf ur t he rfil t e rt hewa t e r .

T hea l g a epi tpr e pa r e st he wa t e rf ora g r i c ul t ur e

Ac ov e r e dpor ous wa l l e dc ha mbe r t ha ta l l owswa t e rt os l owl ys oa ki nt o t heg r ound.

T hefil t e r e dwa t e ri sus e df orv e g e t aona ndot he rpur pos e .

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DRYCOMPOS T T OI L E T Ac ompos tt oi l e ti sat y peofdr yt oi l e tt ha tpr e domi na nt l yus e sa e r obi cpr oc e s i ngs y s t e mt ot r e a thuma ne x c r e t a by c omposng orma na g e da e r obi c de c ompos ion.

T he s et oi l e t sg e ne r a l l yus el i t l et onowa t e r .

Composng t oi l e t spr oduc eac ompos tt ha tma ybeus e df orhorc ul t ur eora g r i c ul t ur a l s oi l e nr i c hme nt .

T he ya l s oha v eur i ne di v e rngdr yt oi l e t s( UDDT’ s ) whe r et hef a e c e sc ol l e con v a ul ti sk e pta sdr ya spos s i bl e .

Composngt oi l e t st a r g e t ac e r t a i nde g r e eofmoi s t ur ei nt hec omposngc ha mbe r .

Dr yc ompos tt oi l e ti sawa yi nwhi c hwec a ns ol v et he pr obl e m ofs ol i dwa s t ei nourc ie s .T hes ol i dwa s t ei s k e ptf or6mont hsf ort hepr oc e s sof ac omposngduet o whi c hi tc a nbeus e dasama nur ef orpl a nt s , i bt hi swa y wec l os et hel oopwi t hi nourbody ’ sna t ur a l me t a bol i s m.

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Wa s hi nghol e.

T hi sbowl i sus e df orwa s hi nga ndi s t heonl ys e conf ort hec ompos t t oi l e twhi c hus e swa t e r .

Poophol e.

I sc ov e r e da l wa y s , ma i nl ywi t hwood.

Peehol e.

T hepe ehol ei sc onne c t e dt ot he wa s hi nga r e aout l e t , whi c ha r et og e t he rdi r e c t e dt oas oa kpi t , l i k ea r e a whe r eba na napl a nt aoni sg r own.

S t a g e1: Compos tt oi l e t sha v e st hr e ehol e s: 1.

P e ehol e .

2.

P oophol e .

3.

Wa s hi nga r e ahol e .

E nr es y s t e mus e smi ni mumwa t e r .

T hehuma ne x c r e t ai st he nc ov e r e d wi t hs a wdus t , c oc onutc oi rorpe a t ma s st of a c i l i t a t ea e r obi c , l i qui da b-

S t a g e2: T hehuma ne x c r e t ai sl ef orc ompos tf or6mont hs .

Ae r6mont hst hec ompos tbe c ome ss a f et obema nha ndl e d wi t houta nyha z a r dt ohe a l t h.

I tbe c ome sf r e ef r oma l l ba c t e r i a a ndt he ni ti sus e df orpl a n ng t r e e s .

Ma t e r i a l sus e df orc ons t r ucona r ee a r t hc r e t ea nds t onef ort hec ha mbe r a ndpa l ms t e msa ndt e t r apa c k sf ort hewa l l s .

Wa l ea ndda ubt y peofc obbi ngi sa l s odonet ot het oi l e tc ompl e xwa l st he nfini s he dwi t hl i mepl a s t e r .

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WORKI NGWI T HBAMBOO S t r a i g ht e ni ngofBa mbooi sdonebybur ni ngt he ba mbooa ts pe c i ficpoi nt s( j oi nt s )bywhi c h,t he s ug a rc ont e nta r ebur ntwhi c hma k e si tfle x i bl et o be nd, a nda l s oa v oi dst hepr oba bl i t yof ar a cndi ns e c t s .

Ba mbooCons t r ucon: I nBa mbooc ons t r ucon,onema i nt y peofj oi nti s us e dt ha ti sfis hmout hj oi nt .

I nt hi s , noi r onna i l sa r e us e dbutba mbooj oi nti se noug h,a ndt he ydon’ t e v e ng e tr us t e da nd a r e qui t es t r ong .Anot he r me t hodi st hec r os sk notme t hod, whe r et he ba mbooa r ee dt oe a c hot he ra ndnotna i l e d.

Roof i ngi sa l s opos s i bl ewi t ht hi sme t hod.

Ba mbooJ oi nt s: I nBa mbooc ons t r ucon,onema i nt y peofj oi nti s us e dt ha ti sfis hmout hj oi nt .

I nt hi s , noi r onna i l sa r e us e dbutba mbooj oi nti se noug h,a ndt he ydon’ t e v e ng e tr us t e da nd a r e qui t es t r ong .Anot he r me t hod i st he c r os sk notme t hod,whe r et he ba mbooa r ee dt oe a c hot he ra ndnotna i l e d.

Roof i ngi sa l s opos s i bl ewi t ht hi sme t hod.

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S pl ingba mboowi t h‘ k aat hi ’

Wi t hs i mpl e‘ k aat hi ’( k ni f e ) a ndha mme r ,ba mbooi ss pl i t pe r f e c t l yi nt o2ha l v e s

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Ba mbooDome: Ba mboodomes t r uc t ur ewa sbui l da r oundt hes a c r e dc i r c l e , i twa sc ompl e t e l ybui l dbyba mbooa ndc oc onutr opef or e i ng , t heba s epa r tbui l dwi t hr e c y c l e dt y r efix e di ng r oundus i ngmudc r e t e .

F orwa t e rdr a i n PVCpi pe swe r efix e di ns i det het y r e s , t her oof sma debyus i ngj ut es a c k s .

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46

GE NE RAT OR ( Wa s t ec ook i ngoi l ) I nt r oducon Duet oi nc r e a s ei nt henumbe rofi nt e r nsa ndv ol unt e r sa tt hes a c r e d g r ov e s ,t he r ewa sane e dt oha v ea na l t e r nav es our c eofe ne r g yf or e l e c t r i c i t y .

Ast hes ol a rpa ne l c oul dbeus e donl ydur i ngt heda ya ndat me sdur i ngnoda y l i g ht , t he r ewa sane e df ora na l t e r nav es our c eof e ne r g y .

He nc et hei de aofGe ne r a t orwa sde v e l ope d.

I tr e v ol v e sont hec onc e ptofus i ngwa s t ec ook i ngoi l i ns t e a dofdi e s e l f ort hepr oduconofe l e c t r i c i t y .I nt hi swa y ,t hewa s t ec ook i ngoi l t oo g e t su l i s e de ffic i e nt l y .

Wor k i ng T heg e ne r a t orr e qui r e sf ort hi spur pos ei sofas pe c i fict y pes i nc ea s t r onge ng i nei sne de df ort hef unconi ngoft hi sme t hod.T hi si sbe c a us et hef ue lwea r eus i ngi swa s t ec ook i ngoi lwhi c hi sv e r yt hi c ka s c ompa r e dt odi e s e l ont heot he rha nd.

T heg e ne r a t orc ons i s t sofa ni nj e c t ort hr oug hwhi c hc ook i ngoi li s pa s s e di ns i deg e ne r a t or .Now t hev i s c oc i t yofdi e s e li smuc hhi g he r t ha nt hev i s c oc i t yofc ook i ngoi l .He nc e ,t oma k et hec ook i ngoi l mor e v i s c ousa ndf ori tt og e nj e c t e df ort hepr oduconofe l e c t r i c i t yi t ne e dst obehe a t e d.T hi si sa c hi e v e dbyma k i ngus eoft hewa s t ehe a t g i v e noutf r omt hee x ha us toft heg e ne r a t or .

Ac oppe rwi r ei sbounda r oundt hee x ha us tf a noft heg e ne r a t orwhi c h he l pst ou l i z et hewa s t ehe a tof t hee x ha us tf a na ndhe a tupt hewa s t e c ok i ngoi l .

Onc et hec ook i ngoi l i she a t e d, i ti si nj e c t e di nt heg e ne r a t or whi c hi sus e dt oha r ne s st hee l e c t r c i t y

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WAS HI NGMACHI NE

48

AN E XPE RI ME NT AL HOUS E

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T hehous ewhi c hf ol l owsawhol ene wpr oc es sofdes i g na ndc ons t r ucon.

T hepr oc e s sofde s i g ni ngwa sa ni nt uv eone .

Webe g a nwi t has t e p t ha ti st y pi c a l l ynote v e nt a ug htunde rt hec a t e g or yofde s i g nora r c hi t e c t ur eNos c a l e ddr a wi ng sormode l ,onl yi ma g i naonofwha t t hehous ema yt ur noutt obe ,t ha t ’ show t hec ons t r uconoft he hous ewa si nia t e d.

Gr oundl e v el

Me z z a ni nel e v el 50

S econAA’ 51

52

53

S t e p1-Di g i g i ngt hef oundaont r e nc hon t he s i t e ,pr e pa r e df ort he s a me i . es i t e de v oi dofor g a ni cma e r , t ops oi l e t c .

S t e p2-L a y i ngoft hewa t e rc ha nne l -Pl a c i ngofs t one shor i z ont a l ya ndv e rc a l l y t of or mac ha nne l .

S t e p3-Dr yr ubbl epa c k i nga r oundt he wa t e rc ha nne l .

Rubbl eT r enc hF ounda on Ra i nwa t e rwa s he sunde r g r ounda nd t e ndst os e e pupwa r dst hr oug ht he f oundaona ndi nt ot hehous e .A r ubbl et r e nc hf oundaoni sat r e nc h fil l e da ndc ompa c t e dwi t hdr yr ubbl e , wi t hwa t e rc ha nne la tt hebo om.

Ra i nwa t e rflowst hr oug ht her ubbl e , i nt ot hec ha nne la ndi st a k e noutof t hef oundaonbys l ope .T husi ti s wa t e rpe r me a bl e .

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S t e p4-Dr yr ubbl epa c k i ngwi t hs ma l la ndbi gr ubbl e pi e c e supt og r oundl e v e l .

S t e p5-Ma k i nga ndmi x i ngofi nf us i onsma def r omne e m a ndc a l ot r opi st oma k et hef oundaona ndt hehous e t e r mi t epr oof .

S t e p6-P our i ngoft hef e r me nt e dpl a nte x t r a c t si nt ot he f oundaont r e nc hbyus i ngf unne l s .

S t e p7-Ma k i ngofL i mec onc r e t ei . et ur me r i c , l i me , br i c k powde ra nds a ndi nt her aoof0.

5: 4: 5: 11wi t hs uffic e i e nta mountofwa t e r .

S t e p8L a y i ngof l i mec onc r e t et ol e v e l t het opof t hef oundaonbe f or el a y i ngt hebot l e s .

55

56

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S t e p9-Ma k i ngs c or pi onba r r i e r sus i ngr e c y c l e dc l e a nbe rbo l e s .

S t e p10-L a y i ngc our s eofs t onewi t hl i me mor t a rf ort hes t e r nwa l l .

L onga ndbr oa d s t one sa l t e r na t ewi t hs ma l l e ra g r e g a t e st o a c hi e v et hebe s tbondi ngi ns t e r nwa l l .

S c or pi onBa r r i es Wa s t e , r e us a bl ebe e rbo l ewe r efix e da tt het opoft hef oundaont r e nc ha l ongt heout e re dg e .E a c hbo l e wa she l dpe r pe ndi c ul a rt ot heg r ounda nda l i g nme ntwa sc he c k e dus i ngas pi r i tl e v e l .

S c or pi onsc a n’ tc l i mb s moot hs ur f a c e sl i k eg l a s s , he nc ee x pos i ng t hema x i mums ur f a c eoft hebo l ea bov et heg r ound

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S t e p11-Ma k i ngofc obpi t s .

S i t ewa ss e l e c t e dt odi ga ndma k epi t sf orc obma k i ng .

T he ywe r efini s he di nal a y e rofs a nd.

S t e p12-Ma k i ngc ob Mi x i ngofma t e r i a l st oma k ec obba l l si n r ao

S t e p13-Pl a c i ngc obba l l sont hepl i nt hs t e r nwa l l si n l a y e r s .

-Cobba l l swe et hr ownont hpl i nt hwa l l wi t hapa rc ul a r f or c et oma k es ur et he ya dhe r et ot hes t onewa l l .

-T he ywe r ea r r a ng e di nt hes pi nea ndr i bpa e r na nd pr e s s e dus i ngfing e r sa ndwoode nt ool sf orbe e rbondi ng i nbe t we e nl a y e r s .

-L a y e rbyl a y e rt hewa l i sr a i s e da ndc ons t r uc t e ddupt o2 f e e ts of a r .

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60

Gl a s sbo l ej a l i wor k Gl a s sbot l ei sc uti nt ot woha l v e s , ne c k&bot om.

Cu ngi sdonebydi ppi ngat hi c kt hr e di nt ur pe n ne a ndwr a ppi ngi ta r oundt hebot l ea tade s i r e dpos ion.

T het ur pe n net hr e a di sl i ta ndt hebo l ei sputi nt o c ol dwa t e r .

T her a pi de x pa ns i ona ndc ont r a conoft he bo l eg i v e sac l e a nc ut , t he n2bo l e sa r ea a t c he dt o e a c hot he rus i ngt a pe , g i v i ngabot l ebr i c k .

Ni c he T he ya r ema debys t a c k i ngs t one sa ndt he nwe tqua r r y dus ti nt her e qui r e ds ha peoft he ni c he .Cobbi ng i s done ov e rmol dofs t onea ndqua r r ydus ta nd s ha pe da c c or di ng l y .

Whe nt hec obi sdr y , s t one sa r er e mov e dt og e tt heni c hes pa c e .Gl a s sbo l e sc a na l s o bea dde e da l ongwi t hc obf orbe e ra e s t he c s( l i g ht ) .

CI r c ul a rBooks hel f At y r ewa sus e da sas hu e r i ngf or t hec i r c ul a rbooks he l f .A l a y e rof a dobebr i c k swe r el a y e r e d a r ound t hec i r c l ea ndbe hi ndt hes he l f .

Ae r t hea dobebr i c k sc our s es e t ,t het y r e wa sr e mov e d.

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S howera r eadoor .

I twa sma deus i ngwoode ns t r i psa nd t hi nba mboos t e ms .T he woode n f r a me wa s fir s t ma de a nd t he n ba mboos t e mswe r ewov e noni t .

I ti s api v ot e ddoorl e a di ngt ot heout door t oi l e ta r e a .

Ar c hov erwi ndow Adobebr i c k swe r eus e dt oma k ea n a r c hov e rt hewi ndow.

E a r t ha nd ba mboopi e c e swe r eus e df ors hu e r i ngt oobt a i nt hea r c hs ha pe .

T hes hut t e r i ngwa sr e mov e da ndt hea r c hi s r e a dy

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T ha nky ou k s hij . s a r ot e @g ma i l . c om + 919930926593