Quants News Digest Japan gets to know a quadrillion Japan believes that billions are for amateurs. It has a public debt of more than 200 percent of its GDP. The country’s gigantic national debt has for the first time is over ¥1,000 trillion—in other words, more than one quadrillion. It has increased by 1.7 percent in the second quarter of 2013 as announced by Japan’s Ministry of Finance with the figure being recorded as ¥1,008.6 trillion ($10.46 trillion). The debt figure is given as: There are two systems in use for naming numbers larger than a million given as:
American System: The Latin prefix - quad refers to the number of groups of three zeros, not including the last group of three, which represents a thousand. Thus in the USA, a billion is 1,000,000,000 (109) and a quadrillion is a mere 1,000,000,000,000,000. (1015).
British System: The Latin prefix – quad represents the power of a million, thus a British billion is 1,000,000,000,000 (1012) and a British quadrillion is 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 (1024).
Current Usage: When determining what the words billion, trillion, and quadrillion mean, it was necessary to consider both when and where they were used. Now, in most English-speaking countries, including Britain, the American system has been adopted, which means it is now a thousand times easier to become a British billionaire. This change started taking place slowly around the end of the twentieth and beginning of the twenty-first century. This has made interpretation of current sizes of national budgets very convenient.
Pseudonyms can’t be hidden – J. K. Rowling case overview Robert Galbraith, the first-time author of a new crime novel called The Cuckoo’s Calling, is none-other than J.K. Rowling, the superstar author of the Harry Potter series as reveled by UK’s Sunday Times. The editor of the paper, Mr. Richard Brooks, received a tweet that revealed the secret of the famous author. The editor started on a mission to prove the anonymous tweet. Big Data analytics finally cracked Rowling’s coded secret.
Authors using a pseudonym may end up getting caught by Big Data if they don’t take care of the following: Word pairings or sets of adjacent words in each write-up or book. Character n-grams, better explained as sequences of adjacent characters. 100 most common words used in each book and occurrence of small differences in frequency. If separating a word from its meaning, by sorting words simply by their length can be tested completely If Principal Component Analysis can be done. This means if comparison of all of the books can be done on six features: word length, sentence length, paragraph length, letter frequency, punctuation frequency and word usage.
SATARUPA BANERJEE PGDM-FS (2012-14) AUGUST 2013
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