Kolga Tbilisi Photo 2015 Catalogue

Page 1

Photo by Giovanni Cocco

แƒ™แƒแƒขแƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒชแƒ แƒ—แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฆแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒซแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒœแƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒญแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ— The catalogue was published w ith the financial support of Tbilisi city hall, center of cultural events


แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒคแƒฃแƒซแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ Founder แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜ Co-organizer

แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜ photo Week Curator แƒกแƒแƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒฏแƒ’แƒฃแƒคแƒ˜ Organizing Committee

แƒŸแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ JUDGES

แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜, แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ TRANSLATION, COPY-EDITING

แƒ‘แƒ”แƒกแƒ แƒฎแƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ Beso Khaindrava แƒ—แƒ”แƒแƒœแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒฉแƒแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ Teona Gogichaishvili

แƒ—แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒšแƒฐแƒแƒ แƒœแƒ˜ Tina Schelhorn แƒ’แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒซแƒ” Gaga Lomidze แƒœแƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒ“แƒ’แƒ•แƒ”แƒคแƒแƒซแƒ” Nino Dgvepadze แƒ’แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒฉแƒแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ Gaga Gogichaishvili แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒแƒ’แƒฃแƒ“แƒแƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ Mari Garchagudashvili แƒ“แƒแƒฏแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒšแƒแƒฆแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒซแƒ” daji malaguradze แƒœแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ แƒ”แƒฎแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ nini rekhviashvili แƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ™แƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒฉแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ irakli pachulia แƒ’แƒฃแƒ’แƒ แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ˜แƒ guga khelaia แƒกแƒแƒกแƒ แƒœแƒฃแƒชแƒฃแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒซแƒ” Soso Nutsubidze แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฎแƒ”แƒ˜แƒš แƒฅแƒแƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒซแƒ” mikheil kobuladze แƒšแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒแƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ Lika Mamatsashvili แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ dina oganova แƒ“แƒแƒ—แƒ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ“แƒแƒซแƒ” Dato Tskhadadze แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒ แƒ˜แƒคแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ brian griffin แƒ—แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒšแƒฐแƒแƒ แƒœแƒ˜ Tina Schelhorn แƒ แƒ˜แƒฉแƒแƒ แƒ“ แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜ richard bram

แƒ—แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ—แƒ˜แƒœ แƒฎแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜, แƒ’แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ แƒœแƒแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜, แƒ’แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒซแƒ” TINATIN KHOMERIKI, GIGA NANOBASHVILI, GAGA LOMIDZE

ISBN 978-9941-0-7549-0


แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ” แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜

Alexander Roinashvili honoRary prize แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜

exhibitions แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒฏแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜

award winners

แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜

shortlisted participants


แƒจแƒแƒ แƒจแƒแƒœ แƒฌแƒฃแƒฎแƒ˜แƒšแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ—แƒฅแƒ•แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒฃแƒ™แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒžแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ. แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ  แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ”แƒก แƒชแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒจแƒขแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒแƒ›แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒ”แƒ’แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒฎแƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ. แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฌแƒฃแƒฎแƒแƒ แƒแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒ–แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒš แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒฌแƒ˜แƒคแƒแƒก, แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ’แƒ แƒ”แƒ— แƒฌแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒขแƒ แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ’แƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ, แƒจแƒ”แƒฃแƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒฃแƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒฅแƒ•แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒ–แƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒก. แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒกแƒ˜แƒขแƒงแƒ•แƒแƒ—แƒจแƒ”แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒฎแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ โ€œแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒโ€ แƒฃแƒแƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒขแƒ แƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒก. แƒ™แƒแƒชแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒก แƒฏแƒ”แƒ  แƒ•แƒ”แƒ  แƒ’แƒแƒฃแƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒฅแƒขแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ’แƒแƒฃแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒœแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒฌแƒ˜แƒคแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒฆแƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ”แƒก แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒฃแƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒขแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒฏแƒ–แƒ” แƒฎแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒคแƒแƒฅแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒฃแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒชแƒ“แƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ–แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒแƒœแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ— แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒแƒ  แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ•แƒ” แƒ›แƒซแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒงแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ  แƒœแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒฃแƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒฃแƒแƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ›แƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ, แƒ’แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ—, แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ—แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ” แƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ“. แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒชแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒซแƒแƒคแƒ แƒ”แƒก แƒแƒฆแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒกแƒจแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜. แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฆแƒ˜แƒ แƒกแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒกแƒแƒ“, แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒœ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒก แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒขแƒ แƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒฃแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒš แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒแƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ—, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒš แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒกแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒฃแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜, แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ•แƒ” แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”. แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“ แƒจแƒ—แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒญแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒแƒฎแƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒฅแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒ. แƒแƒฆแƒกแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒŸแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒแƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ• แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ—แƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ— แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒจแƒ˜. แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒ แƒ˜แƒคแƒ˜แƒœแƒ›แƒ, แƒ แƒ˜แƒฉแƒแƒ แƒ“ แƒ‘แƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒ›แƒ, แƒ—แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒšแƒฐแƒแƒ แƒœแƒ›แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ—แƒ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ“แƒแƒซแƒ”แƒ› แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒ”แƒก แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ“. แƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒฌแƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒแƒ  แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ, แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒ™แƒ•แƒœแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ”แƒขแƒแƒžแƒ–แƒ”

แƒ‘แƒ”แƒกแƒ แƒฎแƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒ แƒ—แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒคแƒฃแƒซแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜

แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ“แƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒแƒฏแƒ˜แƒšแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒก แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒแƒ—แƒฎแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒฃแƒแƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ–แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒฎแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ›แƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒกแƒจแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒฃแƒš แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ•แƒ”แƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—. แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒงแƒแƒคแƒ— แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒซแƒ˜แƒšแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒ•แƒแƒฌแƒ” แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒก โ€“ แƒจแƒแƒฎ แƒแƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒ–แƒแƒ•แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒแƒช แƒฃแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒœแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒก 80-90-แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ แƒ”แƒ’แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒžแƒแƒฅแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒแƒšแƒžแƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ”แƒจแƒ˜. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒขแƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒจแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ• แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒฎแƒ”แƒš แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒฎแƒกแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒš แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒช แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœ แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—. แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ” แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒขแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ . แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ’แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜, แƒแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ’แƒ•แƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ, แƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒจแƒ˜. แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒคแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ— แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒ แƒ˜แƒคแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒ˜แƒฉแƒแƒ แƒ“ แƒ‘แƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก, แƒฅแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒก, แƒกแƒแƒš แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒกแƒ˜แƒก, แƒแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“ แƒฐแƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก, แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ› แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ’แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒซแƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒœแƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒ’แƒ แƒ˜แƒ’แƒแƒšแƒแƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜. แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ•แƒ” แƒฏแƒ’แƒฃแƒคแƒฃแƒ  แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ โ€“ แƒกแƒแƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ แƒšแƒแƒ˜แƒคแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘; แƒ˜แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒคแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒฏแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ—แƒ แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜; แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ™แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ โ€žแƒœแƒ”แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒš แƒฏแƒ”แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒกโ€œ 2014 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ. แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ•แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒงแƒแƒคแƒ— แƒœแƒ˜แƒžแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒ˜แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒก โ€œแƒฃแƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ—แƒ˜โ€. แƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒฆแƒ•แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ— แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒขแƒ›แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒชแƒœแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒขแƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒšแƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒฃแƒ™แƒ•แƒ” แƒ›แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ” แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒก แƒคแƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒก. แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒฏแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒฃแƒ™แƒ•แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ— แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ’แƒœแƒ”แƒœ. แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒฌแƒ›แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ—, แƒแƒ› แƒ™แƒแƒขแƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒก แƒฃแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜. แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒซแƒฆแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒก แƒคแƒฃแƒœแƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒแƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ”แƒจแƒ˜.


Last year, I felt deeply sorry for Russianโ€™s invasion of Ukraine but I could never have imagined this cold conflict would evolve into largescale war and that the aggressorโ€™s plans would include the occupation of even more territories. It is sad that because of the so-called โ€˜strategic interestsโ€™, our big neighbor can easily give up on peaceful coexistence with its neighboring countries and only talk with them by demonstrating its power. If we take a closer look at the phrase โ€œterritorial occupationโ€, its meaning would change to the tragedy of many. Some humans have not realized yet that no matter the reason behind the invasion of a country, it cannot be justified just because all that evokes unspeakable pain in peaceful people. All the facts put together leave us with the feeling of hopelessness because it seems that our neighbor is not going to change its aggressive policy towards the outer world. It is also very hard to watch the lives of thousands along with cultural heritage being destroyed during the ongoing military operations in the Middle East and in the name of unclear ideas. These feelings become even more intense while watching the powerful series presented within the framework of our contest. We would like to thank the photographers, who risk their lives to share unimaginable stories of the human tragedy with the rest of the world. We are glad that both old as well as many new participants have joined this yearโ€™s contest. Their works are truly impressive and give us something to think about. We would also like to note the special contribution of our judges in the process of choosing the best of the many projects submitted. Brian Griffin, Richard Bram, Tina Schelhorn and Dato Tskhadadze have worked very hard to reach this goal.

It is disappointing that we are unable to acknowledge every shortlisted project duly because we are limited to choosing four best works only, while the stories submitted for the competition from all over the world are one more interesting than another. We would also like to celebrate Shakh Aivazov โ€“ the photographer, who has been working in Georgia for many years and with his highly professional works, has greatly contributed to the documentation of the 1980s and 1990s โ€“ some of the most difficult epochs in our regionโ€™s history. Photos featured in his catalogue once again make us recall the past years all of us were part of. This yearโ€™s traditional Alexander Roinashvili Honorary Prize is deservedly awarded to Shakh Aivazov by the Ministry of Culture. For many years, we have been lucky to host numerous exhibitions by famous invited photographers within the framework of our photo week. This year, we have exhibited works by Brian Griffin, Richard Bram, Chris Suspect, Saul Robbins, ร˜yvind Hjelmen, Kim Badawi, Guram Tikanadze and Natela Grigalashvili. We have also hosted group exhibitions, including Views on Africa by Laif Agency, selected series from the UNICEF photo contest and shots from the 2014 National Geographic photo series. We would also like to note the โ€œUrban Mazeโ€ exhibition by Nippes artwork gallery. We are very pleased with the contribution of the Dortmund University of Applied Sciences and Arts students, who visited our festival for the third year in a row and this time, have presented their own exhibition. We are sure that everyone interested in photography will enjoy this catalogue, while for the future photographers, it will become a manual on their path to a professional development.

Beso Khaindrava Founder of Kolga Tbilisi Photo


แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ” แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒขแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒญแƒ

แƒจแƒแƒฎ แƒแƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒ–แƒแƒ•แƒก Alexander Roinashvili honoRary prize awarded to

Shakh aivazov

for the outstanding merits in the development of Georgian photography 1.05.2015


แƒจแƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒแƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒ–แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ โ€œแƒแƒ›แƒ˜ แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒแƒ•-แƒ—แƒ”แƒ—แƒ แƒ˜แƒโ€œ โ€“ แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒจแƒแƒฎ แƒแƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒ–แƒแƒ•แƒ˜, แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ” แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ: แƒแƒคแƒฎแƒแƒ–แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜, แƒฉแƒ”แƒฉแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜, แƒชแƒฎแƒ˜แƒœแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜, แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜, แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒฆแƒ˜, แƒแƒ•แƒฆแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜, แƒขแƒแƒฏแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ โ€“ แƒแƒ› แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒจแƒแƒฎ แƒแƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒ–แƒแƒ•แƒ›แƒ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒแƒฆแƒ‘แƒ”แƒญแƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒ“แƒแƒฃแƒ•แƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒฅแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜. แƒ›แƒแƒก โ€žแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜โ€ แƒฃแƒฌแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒก. แƒแƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒฉแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ โ€“ แƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒฃแƒ‘แƒ แƒงแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ, แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒฃแƒ , แƒ’แƒแƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ•แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒแƒ—แƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ–แƒแƒ แƒแƒ• แƒ–แƒ”แƒ˜แƒ›แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒฎแƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ™แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒฃแƒš แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜. แƒจแƒแƒฎ แƒแƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒ–แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒ–แƒ”แƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒ˜แƒฏแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ—แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ.

แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒ” แƒฃแƒงแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒŸแƒฃแƒ แƒœแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒฃแƒคแƒšแƒ. แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ แƒŸแƒฃแƒ แƒœแƒแƒš-แƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜: โ€žแƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒ’แƒ˜โ€œ, โ€žแƒœแƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ˜ แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜โ€œ, แƒแƒ–แƒ”แƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒ˜แƒฏแƒแƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ โ€žแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒข แƒ’แƒฃแƒ แƒฏแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒœแƒ˜โ€œ, โ€žแƒžแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒโ€œ. 1979 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ, แƒจแƒแƒฎ แƒแƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒ–แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ โ€žแƒกแƒแƒฅแƒ˜แƒœแƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกโ€œ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒžแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. 1988-1998 แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒแƒฅแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ, แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ 1991 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก Assotiated Press-แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒกแƒแƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒแƒก แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒžแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒ™แƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ”แƒ’แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒจแƒ˜. 2015 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ” แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒ แƒจแƒแƒฎ แƒแƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒ–แƒแƒ•แƒก, แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒ แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก, แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒŸแƒแƒœแƒ แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒขแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก.

แƒšแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒแƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฃแƒ–แƒ”แƒฃแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜

Shakhvalad Aivazov โ€œWar is always black and white,โ€ โ€“ says Shakh Aivazov, the photographer, who participated in and chronicled seven wars; namely in Abkhazia, Chechnya, Tskhinvali, Transnistria, Karabakh, Afghanistan, and Tajikistan. The entire drama of these wars was captured on photos and kept for us as unforgettable facts by Shakh Aivazov. He was nicknamed โ€œthe war photographerโ€. His photos depict the cruelty and mercilessness of war to the full extent โ€“ whether it is a naรฏve, childish, and surprised look or many tortured dead bodies, a horror show in the spirit of combat, or the aggressive mood of mass gatherings. Shakh Aivazov is of Azerbaijani descent. He was born and raised in Tbilisi. Lika Mamatsashvili Tbilisi History Museum Curator

As a child, he became interested in photography and started studying it. Later, he studied to become a journalist. He has worked for numerous publications, including โ€œNergiโ€, โ€œNorchi Lenineliโ€, Azeri โ€œSavet Gurjistanโ€, and โ€œPravdaโ€. In 1979, Shakh Aivazov started to work for Sakinform as a photo reporter. Between 1988 and 1998, he worked in Baku, while in 1991 he became a personal photo reporter of Associated Press in the Caucasus Region. The 2015 Alexandre Roinashvili Honorary Prize for the outstanding merits in the development of Georgian photography goes to Shakh Aivazov for documenting the war, contributing to portrait genre, creating contemporary ritual chronicles and portraying reality.


แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ•แƒ”แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜: โ€žแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜?โ€œ, แƒ›แƒ”แƒฃแƒ‘แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ: โ€œแƒ’แƒ—แƒฎแƒแƒ•, แƒแƒ  แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒกแƒ”แƒœแƒ...โ€œ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ” แƒ•แƒฉแƒฃแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒ› แƒฌแƒฃแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒฎแƒกแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ• แƒ˜แƒฅ, แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ... แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช โ€žแƒšแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒแƒ“โ€œ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒแƒ แƒฉแƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ, แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก โ€“ แƒฃแƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒšแƒแƒ“, แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ... แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ”แƒ แƒ— แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒก, แƒ”แƒก แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒขแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒแƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ• แƒ˜แƒ› แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒ™แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒก แƒ แƒแƒฆแƒแƒช แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒซแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒขแƒแƒœแƒแƒช แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒแƒœ แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒฃแƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒšแƒแƒ“, แƒแƒ แƒช แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒก. แƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ” แƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก... โ€œแƒฉแƒ”แƒฉแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒซแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜โ€œ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ• แƒฉแƒ”แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒ› แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒฎแƒกแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ›แƒ”แƒกแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก... แƒแƒ  แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒงแƒแƒšแƒ. แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒก แƒฃแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ“แƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก. แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ› แƒแƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒงแƒแƒคแƒก, แƒแƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒฎแƒกแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ˜แƒ› แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒแƒ  แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ‘แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ—, แƒแƒ แƒแƒกแƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก! โ€ž1986 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒžแƒแƒขแƒแƒ -แƒžแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ

แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ, แƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ” 9 แƒแƒžแƒ แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜, แƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ” แƒแƒคแƒฎแƒแƒ–แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜, แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒฆแƒ˜, แƒฉแƒ”แƒฉแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜... แƒกแƒฃแƒš แƒ›แƒ”แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ: แƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒแƒ  แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒจแƒ˜? แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒกแƒฃแƒฎแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก: แƒแƒ›แƒ˜ แƒแƒ  แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒงแƒแƒก แƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜, แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒแƒ•-แƒ—แƒ”แƒ—แƒ แƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒก แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ›แƒ”แƒ•แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ. แƒ›แƒ”แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ: แƒ แƒแƒขแƒแƒ› แƒแƒ˜แƒ แƒฉแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ— แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒแƒ‘แƒ? แƒ›แƒ” แƒแƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ, แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ แƒฉแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ“แƒ แƒžแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒ› แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ. แƒ”แƒก แƒจแƒ˜แƒจแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒช แƒฅแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒแƒ  แƒ’แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒคแƒ˜แƒฅแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ. แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“ แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ—, แƒชแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ“แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒช แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒก แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒแƒฆแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒช แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒช แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒแƒžแƒแƒ แƒแƒขแƒ˜ แƒฐแƒฅแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ. แƒจแƒ”แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ“แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ”แƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก โ€“ แƒแƒ  แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก แƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ, แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ. 22 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒแƒ›แƒก... แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒฆแƒแƒšแƒ”, แƒ—แƒฃแƒ›แƒชแƒ, แƒแƒšแƒ‘แƒแƒ—, แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒกแƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ. แƒ•แƒ—แƒ•แƒšแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ’ แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ”แƒก แƒ•แƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ˜, แƒ•แƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘ แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘, แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒ› แƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘โ€œ. แƒจแƒแƒฎ แƒแƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒ–แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ› แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ˜แƒชแƒฎแƒ•แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒช แƒฃแƒ–แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒแƒ  แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“ แƒžแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒก แƒ•แƒชแƒ”แƒ›, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒจแƒ”แƒซแƒšแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒœแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ–แƒ”แƒช แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœ แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒก แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—.


When I ask him: โ€œWhich war was the most cruel?โ€, the first thing he replies is: โ€œPlease, donโ€™t make me think of itโ€ฆโ€ Then I go quiet because I know just how hard it is to recall those minutes and to travel back in timeโ€ฆ Exhibition visitors see the โ€˜beautifullyโ€™ decorated photos in frames: for some of them, they are interesting, while others see just photosโ€ฆ For the photographer, looking at the photos shot during the war and displayed in one huge space is very painful because it involuntarily makes you go back in time. There are personal stories behind his photos; stories that are so deep that even now, it is hard for him to go through them again or maybe, he just does not want to do it. And then, he goesโ€ฆ โ€œChechnya was the most harsh and cruelโ€ and he stops again. It is hard to recall that, it is clearโ€ฆ He does not want to tell a particular story. Every war is catastrophic and so, he is unwilling to single anything out. He just shows us photos that remind us of the times we should never return to, ever! โ€œIn 1986, small-scale demonstrations took place. They were followed Dina Oganova

by the April 9 tragedy, the wars in Abkhazia, Karabakh, Chechnyaโ€ฆ People keep asking me why I did not take color photos of the wars. I just have one answer: war cannot be colorful; it is always black and white because it takes away all the colorful things around us. They also ask me why I chose war photography. I did not choose anything but it chose me. Time and politics played their roles in this process too. Fear disappears when we are together. You are no longer able to think there. Tears fall down but you continue to take photos. Everyone has a weapon there and so do I โ€“ my photo camera. You try to help people no matter what side they are at. A human is a human everywhere. I have been shooting the war for 22 years nowโ€ฆ I am tired but I think it was my destiny. I think that I have been and I still am doing a good job and I will keep doing it for as long as I am able toโ€. Shakh Aivazov is one of the photographers I am greatly thankful of and I respect him for saving the modern history we all keep growing upon.


แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒก แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒ”แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ˜, แƒ–แƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒแƒก แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ–แƒ”/1990 First President of Georgia, Zviad Gamsakhurdia at Dinamo Stadium/1990

9 แƒแƒžแƒ แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒขแƒ แƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜/ แƒ—แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜/1990 Portraits of the Victims of the April 9 Tragedy/Tbilisi/1990


แƒขแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒžแƒ แƒ”แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒข แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ / แƒ—แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜/1991 Television Assault by the Supporters of President Gamsakhurdia/Tbilisi/1991

แƒฐแƒแƒกแƒžแƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜/แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒ›แƒ˜/1993 Hospital/Sokhumi/1993


แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ— แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ/แƒ–แƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒ˜/1991 Western Georgia/Protests by the Supporters of Zviad Gamsakhurdia/1991

แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒžแƒ แƒ”แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ˜, แƒ”. แƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒœแƒแƒซแƒ”/แƒแƒคแƒฎแƒแƒ–แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜/1993 Second President of Georgia, E. Shevardnadze/Abkhazia/1993


แƒ—แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜/แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜/แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ›แƒ แƒ โ€žแƒ—แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒกโ€œ แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ/1992 Tbilisi/Rustaveli Avenue/Todayโ€™s Tbilisi Marriott Hotel Building/1992


แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒžแƒ แƒ”แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒก, แƒ”แƒ“แƒฃแƒแƒ แƒ“ แƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒœแƒแƒซแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ•แƒšแƒ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒ›แƒจแƒ˜/1992 Second President of Georgia, Eduard Shevardnadze Speaking in Sokhumi/1992


แƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฏแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ โ€žแƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกโ€œ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก/แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒ›แƒ˜/1992

Georgian Soldiers during a โ€œBreakโ€/Sokhumi/1992

แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜/แƒ›แƒ˜แƒชแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ/1992 Sokhumi Airport/Repatriation of the Deceased/1992


แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒ›แƒ˜/1993 Sokhumi/1993

แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ–แƒœแƒ/1995 Grozny/1995


แƒฉแƒ”แƒฉแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒžแƒฃแƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ˜แƒฉแƒฅแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒ”แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ˜, แƒแƒกแƒšแƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒšแƒแƒชแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒก/ แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ–แƒœแƒ/1995 The President of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, Aslan Maskhadov during Prayer before a Business Meeting/ Grozny/1995

แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ–แƒœแƒ/แƒแƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒฉแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’/1995 Grozny/Protests against the War in Chechnya/1995


แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒ˜ แƒฏแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒแƒชแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ–แƒœแƒแƒก แƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ แƒจแƒ˜/แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ–แƒœแƒ/1995 Russian Soldier in Central Grozny/1995

แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ–แƒœแƒ/1995 Grozny/1995


แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒจแƒ˜/แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ–แƒœแƒ/1995 Glory March/Grozny/1995

แƒ’แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ–แƒœแƒแƒ“แƒแƒœ/1995 A Girl from Grozny/1995


แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒ. แƒ—แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ Shop. Tbilisi


แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜

EXHIBITIONS แƒ’แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒซแƒ”

guram tikanadze แƒแƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜

views on africa แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒ แƒ˜แƒคแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜

แƒฅแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜

chris suspect แƒแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“ แƒฐแƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜

ร˜yvind Hjelmen แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ› แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜

Brian Griffin

kim badawi

แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜. แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒก

urban maze

children, the presence of the future แƒ แƒ˜แƒฉแƒแƒ แƒ“ แƒ‘แƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜

Richard Bram แƒกแƒแƒš แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒกแƒ˜

Saul Robbins

แƒฃแƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ›แƒ

beyond the common national geographic georgia แƒœแƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒ’แƒ แƒ˜แƒ’แƒแƒšแƒแƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜

natela grigalashvili


แƒ’แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒซแƒ”

แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒกแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒซแƒ” 1932 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก 12 แƒกแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ”แƒ›แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ. 1951-56 แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒฌแƒ˜แƒคแƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒขแƒ”แƒขแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ’แƒ”แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ-แƒ’แƒ”แƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒ”แƒขแƒ–แƒ” แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ. แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ— แƒกแƒ™แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ“แƒ, แƒžแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ แƒกแƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒฌแƒ แƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒชแƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒฃแƒ™แƒ•แƒ” แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒžแƒฃแƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ , แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜แƒช แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒก (แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ˜แƒแƒžแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ, แƒแƒจแƒจ, แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ, แƒฐแƒแƒœแƒ’-แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ˜) แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒžแƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒคแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒฎแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. 1959 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก, แƒ’แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒซแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ—แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒคแƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ–แƒ” แƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒชแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒฏแƒ˜แƒšแƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒฎแƒ“แƒ แƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜. 1963 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก 27 แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒก, แƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒ™แƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒ—-แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฌแƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ โ€“ แƒจแƒฎแƒแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒแƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก, แƒขแƒ แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒฆแƒฃแƒžแƒ. แƒ’แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒซแƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒกแƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ“, แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ— แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒก แƒ›แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒ—-แƒ”แƒ แƒ— แƒ›แƒฌแƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒฌแƒแƒ“แƒ. 1981 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒ™แƒ˜, แƒกแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒฌแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒš แƒšแƒแƒขแƒแƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒซแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒ. แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ“แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒซแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฃแƒ–แƒ”แƒฃแƒ›แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒช แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒขแƒ แƒแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒญแƒแƒ—แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒก แƒ”.แƒฌ. โ€žแƒ“แƒแƒ—แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกโ€œ แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ“แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ›แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ’แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒฃแƒแƒ แƒก แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ

Guram tikanadze

Georgian alpinist and photographer Guram Tikanadze was born on September 12, 1932. Between 1951 and 1956, he studied at the faculty of Geography and Geology of Tbilisi State University. As a pupil, he got interested in photography and took photography classes at the Pioneersโ€™ Palace. Later, he participated in all-republic, all-Soviet Union as well as international exhibitions (Italy, Japan, USA, Belgium, Hong Kong, etc.) and received numerous awards and prizes. The silver medal Guram Tikanadze received at the 1959 Youth and Studentsโ€™ International Festival in Vienna became the first international award in history of Georgian photography. On August 27, 1963, while descending from one of the peaks of the Caucasus โ€“ Shkhara โ€“ he tragically died. In honor of Guram Tikanadze, one of the peaks in the mountainous region of Eastern Georgia was named after him. While in 1981, on the initiative and donations from people living in Svaneti Region, Guram Tikanadze Culture and Sports Center was built in Latali village, which also houses Guram Tikanadze Museum that is looked after by the villagers. His activities co-

แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜: แƒฅแƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒœ แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒซแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒ˜แƒ แƒคแƒแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒซแƒ” Curated by Ketevan Kordzakhia and Gia Pailodze

แƒ˜แƒœแƒกแƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒ“แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒ›แƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ แƒ แƒ”แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒแƒŸแƒฃแƒš แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒก. แƒ’แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒซแƒ”แƒ› แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒแƒฎแƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒ”แƒช. แƒ›แƒแƒœ แƒจแƒ”แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒขแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒš แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜. แƒ’แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒซแƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฃแƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒš แƒ“แƒ แƒฃแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒฃแƒ  แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒจแƒ˜. แƒ˜แƒงแƒ แƒžแƒแƒšแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก, แƒฉแƒ”แƒฎแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก, แƒกแƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒ แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒžแƒฃแƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒžแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ˜. แƒ’แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒซแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒœแƒ, แƒ›แƒแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ แƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒจแƒ˜ โ€œแƒแƒ แƒแƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒกโ€ แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒœแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ—, 1920-แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒก, แƒ™แƒ”แƒ แƒซแƒแƒ“, แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ” แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒ™แƒแƒก แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒกแƒ—แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. 2003 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก, แƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒขแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก, แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ โ€œแƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒ แƒ—แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒกโ€ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ , แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ” แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒญแƒ. แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ แƒ’แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒซแƒ˜แƒก 90-แƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒคแƒแƒขแƒ แƒ’แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒšแƒ”แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒซแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒšแƒ˜แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒฌแƒ˜แƒคแƒ แƒ›แƒฃแƒ–แƒ”แƒฃแƒ›แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒชแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒแƒ แƒฅแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ.

incided with the so-called Khrushchev Thaw period, when young photographers intentionally ignored the rules of staged photography and were boldly pushing reportage photography forward. Guram Tikanadze greatly contributed to the development of Georgian photography by creating a certain cultural and genetic tradition. His works were regularly being published in various Georgian and international publications. He worked as a special photo correspondent for Polish, Czech, Slovakian, and GDRโ€™s publications. With unexpected perspectives and an ability to discover the โ€œunusualโ€ in usual, Guram Tikanadzeโ€™s photographic language reminds us of the photographic language of the Russian avant-garde of the 1920s and particularly, the aesthetics of the works by Alexander Rodchenko. In 2003, he was awarded the Alexander Roinashvili honorary prize for the outstanding merits in the development of Georgian photography by Kolga Tbilisi Photo. The exhibition featured about 90 photos by Guram Tikanadze kept in the photo archives of Giorgi Leonidze State Museum of Georgian Literature. แƒฃแƒกแƒแƒ—แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ Untitled




แƒฃแƒกแƒแƒ—แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ Untitled

แƒฃแƒกแƒแƒ—แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ Untitled


แƒฃแƒกแƒแƒ—แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ Untitled

แƒฃแƒกแƒแƒ—แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ Untitled



แƒแƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜

แƒคแƒแƒขแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒ”แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒแƒŸแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ แƒšแƒแƒ˜แƒคแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ™แƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒœแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒก, แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒŸแƒฃแƒ แƒœแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก, แƒกแƒแƒŸแƒฃแƒ แƒœแƒแƒšแƒ” แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒ—-แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒกแƒแƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒแƒ. 200-แƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒฃแƒคแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜ แƒšแƒแƒ˜แƒค-แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฏแƒ˜แƒšแƒ“แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒคแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. โ€œแƒแƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜โ€ แƒ˜แƒ› แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช 2014 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒšแƒแƒ˜แƒค -แƒ›แƒ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒœแƒ. แƒแƒฅ แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜ แƒแƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒฃแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ  แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ•แƒแƒก แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒแƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒแƒฅแƒ แƒแƒก แƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘-แƒชแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒจแƒ”แƒžแƒงแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒš แƒ—แƒฃ แƒแƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ”แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ”แƒ— แƒแƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘, แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒชแƒ แƒฃแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก; แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒ”แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒช แƒ”แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒช แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒจแƒ˜. แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒกแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ›แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒฃแƒš แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ— โ€“ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒฃแƒคแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ“แƒœแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ’แƒ•แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ; แƒแƒ แƒแƒœแƒแƒ™แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒช, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ”แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒซแƒฆแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜แƒช แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒแƒแƒชแƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒœแƒ˜ | Houn-Noukoun โ€“ แƒแƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒฃแƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒฃแƒ’แƒฃแƒœแƒ” แƒฅแƒฃแƒฉแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒ”แƒœ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ–แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ โ€“ แƒแƒ› แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ›แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒœแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒข แƒแƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒš แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒแƒœแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ: แƒกแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”, แƒ›แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ”แƒ— แƒแƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ” โ€“ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ›แƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒคแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ แƒ”แƒž แƒ›แƒฃแƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”; แƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ  แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก, แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒฃ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ, แƒ˜แƒฃแƒกแƒฃ แƒœโ€™แƒ“แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜, แƒคแƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒฃแƒขแƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒค แƒ™แƒ”แƒ˜แƒขแƒ, แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒแƒœแƒฏแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ™ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒฏแƒ, Positive Black Soul แƒ—แƒฃ แƒฃแƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ โ€“

แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜: แƒ—แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒšแƒฐแƒแƒ แƒœแƒ˜

แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒขแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฃแƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœ. แƒ”แƒก, แƒ›แƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒแƒ’แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ! แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ แƒฃแƒžแƒ˜ | แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ  แƒแƒ—แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—-แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒฅแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ แƒ”แƒ’แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜. 1991 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒžแƒ แƒ”แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒข แƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒ“ แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒชแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒแƒœแƒ แƒฅแƒแƒแƒกแƒ›แƒ, แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ›แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒจแƒ˜แƒ›แƒจแƒ˜แƒšแƒ›แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒชแƒ•แƒ. แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ แƒฃแƒžแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒกแƒแƒแƒชแƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ› แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒก, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒช แƒแƒ› แƒ’แƒแƒฃแƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ”แƒ›แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒžแƒšแƒ. แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒฐแƒแƒšแƒชแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ | แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒซแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒฐแƒแƒšแƒชแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ 1947 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก, แƒแƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒœแƒฎแƒ”แƒœแƒจแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ. 1975 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ”แƒ— แƒแƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒš แƒœแƒ”แƒ˜แƒฉแƒ”แƒ แƒก แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒจแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒฅ แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒแƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒ” 10-แƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒšแƒฃแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒ˜แƒ’แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ 20 แƒกแƒแƒšแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก. แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒฐแƒแƒšแƒชแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ โ€œแƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒก แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ“แƒœแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒ แƒแƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒขแƒ™แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒแƒฉแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒก.โ€ แƒžแƒ”แƒ -แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒก แƒžแƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒแƒœแƒ˜ | แƒชแƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ แƒขแƒงแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒ•แƒšแƒ 1994 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒแƒคแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ–แƒ”, แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ—แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ”แƒ -แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒก แƒžแƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ”แƒ— แƒแƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒคแƒ˜แƒ แƒ–แƒ” แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒญแƒ“แƒ. แƒแƒ› แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ› แƒ’แƒแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒฏแƒ•แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ”แƒ— แƒแƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒจแƒแƒ•แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒ”แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ“แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ. แƒแƒกแƒ” แƒจแƒ”แƒฃแƒงแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒžแƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒแƒœแƒก แƒแƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ. แƒแƒ  แƒแƒ—แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜ แƒฎแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒซแƒ˜แƒšแƒ–แƒ”, แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒแƒžแƒแƒ แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒ› โ€œแƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒœ แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒฎแƒกโ€ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒš แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒก แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒจ แƒแƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ.

แƒฅแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒšแƒฃแƒชแƒ˜/VU/Laif แƒœแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ, แƒแƒ‘แƒฃแƒฏแƒ, 4 แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜, 2010 NNPC-แƒ˜แƒก (แƒœแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ—แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒžแƒแƒ แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ) แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒžแƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒ˜ Christian Lutz/VU/laif Nigeria, Abuja, February 4, 2010 NNPC (Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation) Complex.



Views on Africa laif Agentur fรผr Photos & Reportagen, based in Cologne, is one of the leading photo agencies for photojournalism, magazine and travel photography and is a trendsetter in these fields. More than 200 international freelance photographers supply laif with their mostly published and multi-award-winning work. Views on Africa is part of an exhibition presented by laif during Photokina 2014 with international photographers showing their personal views on Africa from very different angles. They accompany people between gold rush fever and disillusion in the postapartheid South Africa, they dive into the world of economy with its consequences for society and environment in Nigeria, into Somalia that is torn by war and terrorism, into the dreamlike world of traveling โ€“ which promises freedom and happiness and last but not least, they lead us into the world of African rhythms which reflect the diversity of this gorgeous continent. Thomas Dorn | Houn-Noukoun โ€“ Gesichter und Rhythmen Afrikas Starting for the sounding streets of Africa, for the encounter with three hundred musicians. This is the adventure that led Thomas Dorn across nineteen African countries: from Senegal to Ethiopia, from Mali to South Africa โ€“ from the ancient polyphony of the pygmies to the rap scene. Whether they are stars such as Manu Dibango, Youssou Nโ€˜Dour, Fela Kuti, Salif Keita, Miriam Makeba, Angรฉlique Kidjo, Positive Black Soul or whether they are unknown,

Curated by Tina Schelhorn

traditional musicians โ€“ it is a journey into the heart of an amazing diversity. The diversity of an entire continent! Jan Grarup | Somalia After more than two decades of civil war, Somalia is one of the largest conflict areas worldwide. Since the fall of president Siad Barre in 1991, the country has been hit by chaos, civil war and famines. Jan Grarup has been traveling for years to Somalia and his striking photographs show the life of people who fall by the wayside. Obie Oberholzer | Long Distance Obie Oberholzer, born on a farm in Africa in 1947, studied photography in Munich. Since 1975, he has been living in Natureโ€˜s Valley, South Africa and has taken photos from there for more than 10 illustrated books and 20 solo exhibitions on the topic Africa. In his photos, Obie Oberholzer โ€œis on quest to uncover an extraordinary brand of bliss for the world to behold.โ€ Per-Anders Pettersson | Rainbow Transit In spring 1994, the Swedish-born Per-Anders Pettersson traveled to South Africa to photograph the historic elections in which Nelson Mandela was to become South Africaโ€™s first black president. Thus, Petterssonโ€™s love affair with South Africa began. For over two decades, he has been exploring the โ€œRainbow Nationโ€ with his camera; questioning the complex realities of daily life.

แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ แƒฃแƒžแƒ˜/Laif แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒจแƒฃ โ€“ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒšแƒ˜ 2012 โ€“ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒจแƒฃแƒก แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ—แƒแƒœ, แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒแƒจแƒšแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒขแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ—แƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ›แƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ˜ Ilyshin IL76 แƒฅแƒฃแƒฉแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒคแƒแƒœแƒขแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜. แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒแƒ แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“, แƒฅแƒฃแƒฉแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒก, แƒžแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ แƒกแƒ™แƒแƒšแƒ แƒแƒฆแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ›แƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒฉแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒแƒš-แƒจแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒขแƒ แƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ› แƒชแƒ”แƒชแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒฃแƒฎแƒกแƒœแƒ. แƒแƒ› แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒ™แƒแƒขแƒแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒแƒคแƒแƒก แƒ—แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ›แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒžแƒšแƒ. Jan Grarup/laif

Mogadishu โ€“ Somalia 2012 โ€“ Close to the Mogadishu airport an old russian Ilyshin IL76 cargo plane lies scattered in the streets, while a small school on the other side of the road is being rebuild. The plane crashed when it was hit Al-Shabaab antiaircraft fire. Eleven people got killed in the crash.



แƒžแƒ”แƒ -แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒก แƒžแƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒแƒœแƒ˜/Laif- แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ”แƒ— แƒแƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ, แƒจแƒ”แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ Per-Anders Pettersson/laif แƒจแƒแƒ•แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ”แƒ— แƒแƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ Kluk CGDT-แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ South Africa, Wealthy black South Africans wait for the Kluk CGDT label fashion แƒ˜แƒแƒ‘แƒฃแƒ แƒ’แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ–แƒ”, แƒ™แƒšแƒฃแƒ‘ แƒ แƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ˜แƒแƒฐแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒกแƒ‘แƒฃแƒ แƒ’แƒ˜ (แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ”แƒ— แƒแƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ) show at the Rand Club at Joburg Fashion Week in Johannesburg, South Africa.


แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒฐแƒแƒšแƒชแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜/Laif แƒแƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ, แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒแƒชแƒ˜, แƒจแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ”แƒ™แƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ, แƒฅแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜

Obie Oberholzer/laif Africa, Man, Shell Poster, Huts, 2008


แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒ แƒ˜แƒคแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ 1948 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก 13 แƒแƒžแƒ แƒ˜แƒšแƒก, แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒฐแƒ”แƒ›แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒคแƒแƒก แƒ”.แƒฌ. โ€žแƒจแƒแƒ• แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒแƒœแƒแƒจแƒ˜โ€œ, แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒฉแƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒขแƒ”แƒฅแƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ  แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒขแƒ”แƒขแƒจแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ (196972). 1972 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒœแƒจแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒฃแƒคแƒแƒš แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ. 1972 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ”แƒ›แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒœ แƒŸแƒฃแƒ แƒœแƒแƒš Management Todayแƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒ—แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ. 1975 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฏแƒ’แƒฃแƒคแƒฃแƒ  แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒจแƒ˜ โ€žแƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜โ€œ. 1987 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅ แƒแƒ แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒžแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ. 1988 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒชแƒ แƒฌแƒ˜แƒ’แƒœแƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒฌแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— โ€˜Workโ€™, แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ  แƒ’แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒจแƒ˜. 1991 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒ˜แƒ’แƒœแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒ แƒคแƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒš โ€žแƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒฃแƒš แƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒแƒคแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ–แƒ”โ€œ แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒœแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒกแƒ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒ-แƒฌแƒ˜แƒ’แƒœแƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒแƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒก. 1989 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก, แƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ”แƒ—แƒ›แƒ Guardian แƒ˜แƒก โ€žแƒแƒ—แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒแƒ“โ€œ แƒแƒฆแƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ. แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ•แƒ”, แƒŸแƒฃแƒ แƒœแƒแƒšแƒ›แƒ Life, แƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ  แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช 1980-แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒกแƒ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ”แƒซแƒฆแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ, แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒ โ€žแƒ’แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒฎแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒแƒ แƒฉแƒโ€œ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ–แƒ” แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒญแƒ“แƒ. 1991-แƒ“แƒแƒœ 2002 แƒฌแƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒขแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ แƒ แƒ”แƒ™แƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ›แƒฃแƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ  แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒšแƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ แƒแƒŸแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ. 2003 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒ–แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒ”, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒฐแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒžแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ”แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ’แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜, 2005 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก, แƒ แƒ”แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก (แƒ˜แƒกแƒšแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ) แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก

แƒ›แƒฃแƒ–แƒ”แƒฃแƒ›แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒ แƒแƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ”แƒฌแƒงแƒ. 2007 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก, แƒฌแƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒžแƒแƒœแƒ™แƒ แƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ–แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒฃแƒ แƒ–แƒ”, แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒคแƒ แƒแƒฏแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ— แƒฉแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒแƒกแƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒฎแƒกแƒœแƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ›แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒชแƒ แƒฌแƒ˜แƒ’แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒ. 2009 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒ แƒคแƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒก แƒฉแƒแƒฃแƒ“แƒ’แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก. 2009 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก, แƒšแƒแƒ แƒ“ แƒ™แƒแƒ”แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ˜แƒ› แƒฅแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฐแƒแƒšแƒ›แƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“, แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ›แƒžแƒ˜แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฆแƒกแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“, แƒคแƒแƒขแƒ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜ โ€žแƒ’แƒ–แƒ 2012 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒ”แƒœโ€œ แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ  แƒ’แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒœแƒ. 2010 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒ แƒแƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ, แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒฌแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— โ€žแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒžแƒ˜แƒ โ€œ. 2013 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ”แƒ›แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒคแƒ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ โ€žแƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒšแƒ˜โ€œ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ. 2013 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก, แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒš แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒžแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒแƒ› แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒญแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ–แƒ”แƒก. แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก, แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒฐแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒฎแƒกแƒœแƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒฃแƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜ โ€žแƒกแƒแƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜โ€œ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒฌแƒ˜แƒ’แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ. 2013 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฅแƒขแƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ (แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ) แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒžแƒแƒ แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒ แƒแƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ. 2014 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก 3 แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒก, แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒขแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ›แƒแƒœ แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒฐแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒขแƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒžแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒฅแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ.

แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒแƒ  แƒ˜แƒฅแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒคแƒ˜แƒ แƒคแƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒฉแƒแƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜, แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒžแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒจแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒžแƒแƒ แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ—แƒฃ แƒกแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜, 1972 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒกแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒฃแƒคแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜. แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒฐแƒ”แƒ›แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒคแƒแƒก แƒฃแƒ”แƒกแƒ— แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ“แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒกแƒจแƒ˜, แƒคแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ•แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒคแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒจแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ แƒแƒฏแƒแƒฎแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒก, แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒ—แƒ แƒ™แƒšแƒแƒกแƒ›แƒ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒฃแƒจแƒšแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒขแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜. 1970-80-แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜, แƒแƒ แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ—, แƒแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒงแƒแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ–แƒœแƒ”แƒก-แƒŸแƒฃแƒ แƒœแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒžแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒจแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ˜ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ–แƒœแƒ”แƒกแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”. แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒกแƒ™แƒœแƒ”แƒš แƒฎแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜, แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ”แƒžแƒฃแƒขแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ, แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ–แƒœแƒ”แƒก-แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒก แƒคแƒ˜แƒ แƒ–แƒ”

แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜: แƒ—แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒšแƒฐแƒแƒ แƒœแƒ˜

แƒแƒฆแƒ‘แƒ”แƒญแƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒก, แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒฏแƒ”แƒ  แƒ›แƒ—แƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒก แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒžแƒแƒ แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒช แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒชแƒ, แƒ›แƒจแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ›แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒฆแƒ. แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ”แƒช แƒแƒฆแƒ‘แƒ”แƒญแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒžแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒช แƒ“แƒ แƒคแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒช. แƒ•แƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ˜, แƒ›แƒจแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒฆแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ” แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ. แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒแƒ แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“, แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒฆแƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ, แƒแƒšแƒ‘แƒแƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ•แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒžแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒซแƒฆแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ–แƒœแƒ”แƒกแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒžแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒแƒช. แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒก, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ  แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ—แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฃแƒžแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒแƒ•; แƒ•แƒคแƒ˜แƒฅแƒ แƒแƒ‘, แƒžแƒแƒกแƒฃแƒฎแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒชแƒ”แƒ› แƒ˜แƒ› แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒฃแƒžแƒแƒกแƒฃแƒฎแƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ.

แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒœ แƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ” โ€“ แƒ›แƒแƒ”แƒข แƒ” แƒจแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ›แƒฏแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ” โ€“ แƒ”แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒœแƒ”, แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ 1987 Alain Chevalier โ€“ Chairman of Moet et Chandon โ€“ Epernay, France 1987



Brian Griffin

Born in Birmingham on the 13th April 1948 but lived in the Black Country until going to Manchester Polytechnic (1969-72) to study photography. Since 1972, has lived in London as a freelance photographer getting his first commission for Management Today in November 1972. First exhibited in the โ€œYoung British Photographersโ€ in 1975. Received โ€œFreedom of the city of Arles, Franceโ€ in 1987. Published the book Work in 1988 with a one-man show at the National Portrait Gallery. Work went on to be awarded the Best Photography book in the World at the Barcelona Primavera Fotografica 1991. In 1989, the Guardian newspaper proclaimed him to be โ€œthe Photographer of the Decadeโ€. Also Life magazine used the photograph โ€œA Broken Frameโ€ on its front cover of a special supplement โ€œthe Greatest Photographs of the 80sโ€. From 1991 until 2002, worked as a film director making TV commercials, music videos and short films. In 2003, worked on Birminghamโ€™s bid to become the European Capital City of Culture followed by a retrospective at the Art Museum Reykjavik, Iceland in 2005. He then produced a book and exhibition for

the Royal opening of St. Pancras Station and High Speed 1 in 2007. In 2009, he became the patron of the Derby Festival of Photography and continues to be the festivalโ€™s patron. For the London Olympics in 2009, he launched the photography project โ€œRoad to 2012โ€ at the National Portrait Gallery alongside Lord Coe and Dame Kelly Holmes. In 2010, he had a major retrospective of my portraiture โ€œFace to Faceโ€ in Birmingham. In September 2013, he received the โ€œCentenary Medalโ€ from the Royal Photographic Society in recognition of a lifetime achievement in photography. Recently he has been commissioned and exhibited at โ€œMarseille Provence 2013 European Capital of Cultureโ€, also for โ€œReference Worksโ€ the photography project to celebrate with a book and exhibition the building and opening of the New Birmingham Library. This was followed by a retrospective of his corporate photography in Bologna, Italy during October 2013. On March 3rd 2014, he received a Honorary Doctorate by Birmingham City University for his lifetime contribution to the City of Birmingham.

No Compromise From record sleeves that feature the worker to company brochures, corporate projects to editorial features, I have been photographing Work and the working person since 1972 as a freelance professional photographer. Being born amongst the factories near Birmingham in the West Midlands of the UK has left being working class and the son of factory workers indelibly printed on my mind. Not through desire but more by circumstance, throughout the 1970s and 80s, I photographed many top business people for business magazines together with annual reports for large international companies. However, later and in more recent years, because of my reputation as a photographer photographing the business world, I have been commissioned

Curated by Tina Shelhorn

many times to photograph large corporate projects, which has given me the opportunity to photograph both the worker and the suited executive. Now I have a body of work that features all walks from the Prime Minister down to the man in the factory. I have tried to portray the working person in a powerful and sensitive way. In parallel, I have portrayed the heads of companies, businessmen and politicians maybe in a different way due to my humble upbringing. With my exhibition, I hope to create for the first time a situation, where I can see myself as a photographer both of the powerful and the powerless, hopefully answering questions that have remained for me unanswered.

แƒฏแƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒžแƒ˜ โ€“ Maverick TV-แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒ”แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ˜, แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒฐแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜, แƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒคแƒ 2003 Johnny Turpie โ€“ CEO Maverick TV โ€“ Birmingham, UK 2003



แƒจแƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ˜, 2012 Black Country Working Woman, 2012

แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒฃแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜, แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒฃแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜, แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ˜ 1986 Welder Broadgate, City of London 1986



แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜. แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒก, โ€œUNICEF-แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒกโ€ แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒกแƒ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒ”แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒแƒŸแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒ โ€œแƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜. แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒกโ€ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ— 2012 แƒ“แƒ 2013 แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒก, โ€œUNICEF-แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒกโ€ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒฏแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒ“แƒ แƒŸแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒžแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ แƒžแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒคแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒš แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒกแƒฃแƒš 15 แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒœแƒ˜แƒก 23 แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš 93 แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒก แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒฏแƒ˜แƒšแƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒซแƒฆแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ˜แƒกแƒ” แƒ แƒ”แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒแƒŸแƒฃแƒš แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒแƒก. แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒกแƒก แƒกแƒแƒคแƒฃแƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ 2000 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒฉแƒแƒฃแƒงแƒแƒ แƒ UNICEF-แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ›แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒขแƒ”แƒขแƒ›แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒญแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒŸแƒฃแƒ แƒœแƒแƒšแƒ˜ GEO Magazine, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒช Gruner + Jahr GmbH & Co KG แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒก. แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒกแƒ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒœแƒ˜แƒญแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒ แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒฎแƒฃแƒ—แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ” แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ 70-แƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒœแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒžแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒก โ€œUNICEF-แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒกโ€ แƒžแƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒŸแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฏแƒ˜แƒšแƒ“แƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ• แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ• แƒแƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒซแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ‘แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒขแƒแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ, แƒแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฎแƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒขแƒ™แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒฃแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜. โ€œแƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒกแƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒซแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒœแƒ–แƒ”, แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ. แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ˜แƒžแƒงแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒก แƒ›แƒ–แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒงแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ˜แƒซแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœโ€, แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ UNICEF-แƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒซแƒฆแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ’แƒ”แƒœ แƒฐแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ–แƒ˜. โ€œแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒกแƒ–แƒ” แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒ แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒœ แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ  แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก, แƒแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“ แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒก

แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒฃแƒš แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ•แƒแƒกแƒแƒช. แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒฎแƒกแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒคแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒชแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ–แƒ” แƒ–แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒก แƒกแƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ แƒ’แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ  แƒžแƒแƒกแƒฃแƒฎแƒ˜แƒกแƒ›แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒฅแƒกแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ แƒแƒก แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒก แƒ˜แƒงแƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜.โ€ แƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒก แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒ—แƒ แƒคแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ˜ UNICEF 1946 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก, แƒ›แƒ”แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฃแƒชแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒฏแƒแƒœแƒ›แƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ–แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒœแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒแƒ แƒกแƒ“แƒ. แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒกแƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, UNICEF แƒ”แƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒญแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒก แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒฃแƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒก แƒ“แƒแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— 150 แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒแƒœแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘ แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“, UNICEF แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒก แƒ•แƒแƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒแƒฆแƒญแƒฃแƒ แƒ•แƒแƒ•แƒก แƒกแƒ™แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒคแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ  แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ–แƒ” โ€“ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ“, แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒ—แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒชแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒคแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒญแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ—. UNICEF-แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒฃแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒ”แƒ แƒซแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ”. แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒกแƒฃแƒš แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒแƒ“ แƒแƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒแƒช แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒคแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒแƒฉแƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒ—. UNICEF-แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ แƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒกแƒฃแƒš แƒ แƒ”แƒ’แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒญแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘ แƒ“แƒ แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒšแƒ” แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ”, แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒฃแƒš แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘ แƒ’แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒญแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ’แƒ”แƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒฌแƒงแƒ•แƒ“แƒ”แƒฃแƒš แƒžแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒ–แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ•แƒ. แƒกแƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒกแƒ˜ โ€œUNICEF-แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒโ€ แƒแƒ› แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒ UNICEF-แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒœแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒขแƒ™แƒ˜แƒชแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“.

Children. The Presence of the Future

The best pictures and reportages of the international competition โ€œUNICEF Photo of the Yearโ€ The exhibition โ€œChildren. The Presence of the Futureโ€ presents the winners and honorable mentions of the 2012 and 2013 competitions โ€œUNICEF Photo of the Yearโ€. It features 93 photos taken by 23 photographers from 15 different countries. The award is dedicated both to the children of the world and reportage photography alike. The competition has been initiated in Germany in 2000 and is supported by GEO Magazine, published by Gruner + Jahr AG & Co KG. Since then, top photographers and young talents from more than 70 countries and all five continents have won one of the prestigious โ€œUNICEF Photo of the Yearโ€ awards. Their works continue to show the difficult situation of children and adolescents in war, material or emotional emergencies, in the wake of natural disasters, but also moments of joy, joie de vivre and different facets of everyday life. โ€œGood photos break todayโ€™s arbitrary flood of images. They make us pause for a moment and take a closer lookโ€, says Dr. Jรผrgen Heraeus, Chairman of UNICEF Germany. โ€œThe photos of the contest not only depict real life, but capture how children แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒชแƒ”แƒคแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ•แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒฏแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜: แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒ แƒฃแƒžแƒ แƒ”แƒฐแƒขแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜: แƒ—แƒ”แƒแƒœแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒฉแƒแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜

see the world. By documenting what it means to be a child, they remind us of our common global responsibility to care and advocate for childrenโ€™s rights and their future.โ€ Childrenโ€™s Fund was founded in 1946 to provide emergency food and healthcare to children in countries that had been devastated by World War II. Today, UNICEF helps and supports children in 150 countries. Together with its partners, UNICEF provides one in three children worldwide with vaccines equips schools and fights for childrenโ€™s rights on the political level, for example by advocating effective child protection laws. The work of UNICEF exclusively depends on contributions from governments and private donors. There is a growing global awareness that children are personalities who have their own rights. UNICEF is especially committed to the poorest and most disadvantaged children in crisis areas, boys and girls in remote villages or excluded children in slums. The international competition โ€œUNICEF Photo of the Yearโ€ supports the idea and the cause of UNICEF in a unique and outstanding manner.

Concepts and Project Management: Angela B. Rupprecht Project Coordinator: Teona Gogichaishvili


แƒแƒ‘แƒฐแƒ˜แƒฏแƒ˜แƒ— แƒœแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ˜, แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜, แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒฃแƒคแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ—แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ— แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒก แƒแƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒฃแƒœแƒแƒ แƒก แƒแƒ  แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒก โ€“ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ“, แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒงแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒœ, แƒแƒฅแƒšแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒซแƒฆแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ, แƒ“แƒแƒญแƒ˜แƒ›แƒฃแƒš แƒ—แƒแƒ™แƒ–แƒ” แƒ“แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒแƒœ แƒฃแƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒšแƒแƒ“, แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒฆแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ โ€“ แƒคแƒฃแƒšแƒก แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒœ.

Abhijit Nandi, India, Freelance Girls and boys who have to work just to earn a few extra Rupees for their families. Parents who canโ€™t afford to send their children to school for the same reason. Or children, who are completely on their own. They struggle to survive working at various unskilled jobs such as ticket vendor, camel driver, tightrope artist or begging for money dressed as a goddess.



แƒšแƒ”แƒ แƒ™แƒ” แƒžแƒแƒกแƒ”แƒšแƒขแƒ˜, แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ/แƒกแƒแƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ Moment แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ (แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒชแƒฎแƒœแƒ˜แƒ•) แƒฃแƒงแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒก แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜, แƒกแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒก, The Big Trophy Pageant-แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒกแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒก. แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ, แƒฏแƒแƒ แƒฏแƒ˜แƒ. 2012 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก 7 แƒแƒžแƒ แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ Laerke Posselt, Denmark, Agency Moment Two-year-old Sophia (left) looks at her competitor backstage for the beauty contest The Big Trophy Pageant. Vidalia, Georgia. April 7th, 2012.

แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒชแƒ˜/Corbis แƒ›แƒ”แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒžแƒ, แƒแƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒ แƒจแƒ˜แƒคแƒแƒก แƒกแƒแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒงแƒแƒคแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒชแƒ“แƒแƒแƒ—แƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒฏแƒ”แƒ  แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒก. Alessio Romenzi/Corbis Rebels-controlled Aleppo, the Shifa hospital has been targeted more than thirty times by the Assad forces.


แƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒšแƒแƒก แƒฐแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ›แƒ˜, แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜/Kontinent

แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒžแƒ, แƒกแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒ. แƒ“แƒแƒ -แƒแƒš-แƒจแƒ˜แƒคแƒแƒก แƒกแƒแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒงแƒแƒคแƒ. แƒกแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒฃแƒคแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ.11 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒšแƒกแƒ˜ แƒขแƒงแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒœแƒแƒกแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒ˜แƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒญแƒ แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒžแƒแƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ -แƒแƒš-แƒจแƒ˜แƒคแƒแƒก แƒกแƒแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒงแƒแƒคแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒจแƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ-แƒซแƒ›แƒ โ€“ 2 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ–แƒแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ 6 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ โ€“ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ— แƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒจแƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ‘แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ—แƒฅแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒญแƒ แƒœแƒ”แƒœ. 15 แƒแƒฅแƒขแƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜, 2012

Niclas Hammarstrรถm, Sweden, Kontinent Aleppo, Syria. Dar al-Shifa hospital. FSA-Free Syrian Army. Dania Kilsi, 11, is treated for shrapnel wounds in Dar al-Shifa hospital in Aleppo. She and her two younger siblings, Zaid, 2 and Fatima 6, were playing outside their home when they got injured from a bomb. 2012-10-15


แƒกแƒแƒ แƒ แƒœแƒแƒแƒ›แƒ˜ แƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒฉแƒ˜, แƒแƒจแƒจ/ Time Magazine แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒฏแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ• แƒฉแƒฎแƒฃแƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ›แƒ”แƒ›แƒคแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ—แƒแƒฎแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒฏแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒแƒ  แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ. แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒฏแƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒงแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ, แƒ›แƒ”แƒ›แƒคแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒจแƒฃแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ’แƒ. แƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒ›แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒฌแƒงแƒ•แƒ˜แƒขแƒ แƒงแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ”แƒชแƒแƒ“แƒ.

Sara Naomi Lewkowicz, USA, for Time Magazine As Shane and Maggie continued to fight, Memphis ran into the room and refused to leave Maggieโ€™s side. Shane continued to scream in Maggieโ€™s face as Memphis wedged herself between them. At some point, the toddler had stopped crying and began trying to soothe her weeping mother.


แƒ แƒ˜แƒฉแƒแƒ แƒ“ แƒ‘แƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ แƒ˜แƒฉแƒแƒ แƒ“ แƒ‘แƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ 1952 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก, แƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒคแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ (แƒแƒจแƒจ) แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ. แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ แƒแƒฐแƒแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ˜แƒฃแƒขแƒแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒœแƒแƒจแƒ˜. แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒœแƒแƒ™แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“ แƒกแƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒšแƒฃแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒจแƒ˜ (แƒ™แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒขแƒแƒขแƒ˜), แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช 1984 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒจแƒ•แƒ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ“แƒ. แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒฃแƒš แƒ”แƒขแƒแƒžแƒ–แƒ”, แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒฆแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒซแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ›แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒš แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ. แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ› แƒ”แƒขแƒแƒžแƒ–แƒ”, แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒญแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก 12-แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒ•แƒแƒฌแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ™แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒขแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒšแƒฃแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ›แƒžแƒšแƒฃแƒแƒจแƒ˜. 1997 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒกแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒœแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ, แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ—แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒ“ แƒฅแƒฃแƒฉแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒซแƒฆแƒ•แƒœแƒ. แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒšแƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฃแƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒจแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒš แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ”แƒช แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ. 2001 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ‘แƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒฅแƒฃแƒฉแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ—แƒ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก โ€“ iN-PUBLIC. com-แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒ—-แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒ. แƒ”แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜, แƒฃแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“, แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ› แƒŸแƒแƒœแƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒฆแƒแƒ แƒซแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒชแƒ. 2008 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒจแƒขแƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ. แƒแƒ›แƒŸแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ“ แƒœแƒ˜แƒฃ แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒจแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒฅแƒฃแƒฉแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒŸแƒแƒœแƒ แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒ•แƒแƒฌแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒ‘แƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก

แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— 20 แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ  แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ, แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ, แƒšแƒ˜แƒขแƒ•แƒ, แƒ›แƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ, แƒจแƒแƒขแƒšแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜; แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ›แƒ แƒฏแƒ’แƒฃแƒคแƒฃแƒ แƒ›แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒ แƒ›แƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ. 2011 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒ‘แƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ 29 แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒฃแƒฉแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒก, แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒฌแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— โ€žแƒจแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒฃแƒฉแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœโ€œ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒšแƒฃแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒฐแƒ”แƒ แƒชแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ แƒ”แƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒญแƒ“แƒฃแƒ  แƒ—แƒฃ แƒชแƒ˜แƒคแƒ แƒฃแƒš แƒŸแƒฃแƒ แƒœแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜. แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒก แƒกแƒขแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒฌแƒ˜แƒ’แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒฅแƒฃแƒฉแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘. 2014 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœ แƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒฌแƒแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ แƒžแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก, Mois de la Photo-แƒก แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ’แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒš Street Parade-แƒ–แƒ”. แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒฅแƒฃแƒฉแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒฉแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒฅแƒจแƒแƒžแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ”แƒ˜แƒข แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒขแƒ”แƒ˜แƒข แƒšแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒžแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒคแƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒœแƒ˜แƒฃ แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ—แƒ”แƒš แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ•แƒกแƒ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ—แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒจแƒ˜, แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒฃแƒš แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒ แƒ—แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒ 2012 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ’แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒฌแƒ”แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒžแƒแƒ แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒ แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฃแƒ–แƒ”แƒฃแƒ›แƒ˜, แƒœแƒ˜แƒฃ แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ แƒ›แƒฃแƒ–แƒ”แƒฃแƒ›แƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ™แƒ, แƒฏแƒแƒ แƒฏ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜/แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ›แƒฃแƒ–แƒ”แƒฃแƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒšแƒฃแƒ˜แƒกแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒขแƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒแƒ แƒฅแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜.

แƒœแƒ˜แƒฃ แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ˜: แƒ’แƒแƒจแƒšแƒ˜แƒš แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒšแƒ•แƒ แƒœแƒ˜แƒฃ แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒ  แƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. 2008 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒแƒฅ แƒ•แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒช แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒฎแƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒฅ. แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒฎแƒ”แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ›แƒขแƒ™แƒ˜แƒชแƒ”, แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒฎแƒ˜แƒ— แƒกแƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ”, แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒซแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ. แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜แƒก แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒฎแƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“ แƒ™แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒฎแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒซแƒแƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ: แƒ˜แƒฅแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒ”แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ”แƒงแƒ แƒ˜แƒก, แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒฅแƒแƒœแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ–แƒ”แƒฌแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก, แƒกแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒซแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒก, แƒฃแƒšแƒ›แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒก, แƒซแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ™แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒกแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ–แƒ”แƒฌแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ. แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜-แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒœ, แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ— แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒฉแƒแƒซแƒ˜แƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜. แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒงแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœ, แƒขแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœ, แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒจแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ  แƒขแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒคแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒ”แƒ แƒ— แƒ™แƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒแƒขแƒฃแƒš แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ แƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜ แƒœแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒ, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒ” แƒ“แƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒšแƒจแƒ˜. แƒ”แƒก แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒšแƒแƒ. แƒ›แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ• แƒแƒกแƒžแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ–แƒ–แƒ” แƒ•แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒ•แƒแƒฌแƒ”แƒแƒ‘, แƒ’แƒแƒจแƒšแƒ˜แƒš แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒก แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒ˜แƒšแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒแƒ . แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒฃแƒ‘แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒช แƒ˜แƒกแƒ” แƒกแƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒ’แƒ•แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ›แƒ” แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜, แƒจแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒชแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒแƒ , แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒแƒžแƒแƒ แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ— แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒก. แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒกแƒ™แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ•แƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒžแƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฏแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒฆแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒฎแƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ• แƒ“แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒฅแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒกแƒแƒญแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ. แƒแƒ› แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘,

แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜: แƒ—แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒšแƒฐแƒแƒ แƒœแƒ˜

แƒ แƒแƒช แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒœแƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ แƒฉแƒแƒ แƒฉแƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒฅแƒแƒแƒกแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ  แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒฉแƒœแƒ“แƒ”. แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ แƒจแƒแƒ•-แƒ—แƒ”แƒ—แƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒ˜แƒ แƒ–แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ”. แƒ›แƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ 1984-แƒ“แƒแƒœ 2009 แƒฌแƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜. แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช 2008 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก, แƒœแƒ˜แƒฃ แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒจแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜, แƒชแƒแƒขแƒ แƒฎแƒแƒœแƒก แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ• แƒ˜แƒกแƒ” แƒ•แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก. แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒแƒ แƒกแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒชแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ, แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ•แƒ” แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒชแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ” แƒ›แƒ”. แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒจแƒแƒ•-แƒ—แƒ”แƒ—แƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒœแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒœ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒก แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”, แƒแƒฅ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜, แƒแƒ แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒญแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ. แƒแƒ˜, แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ—แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒญแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก แƒœแƒ˜แƒฃ แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒ แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ. 2010 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒฃแƒš แƒชแƒ˜แƒคแƒ แƒฃแƒš แƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ•แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘. แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ; แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ แƒแƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒก. แƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜, แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ—แƒ แƒ’แƒฃแƒœแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒจแƒ˜ (แƒžแƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ•แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ˜). แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ›แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒจแƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ— แƒจแƒ”แƒชแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒแƒก. แƒ›แƒ” แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ— แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒก แƒแƒ  แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘. แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒ  แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜, แƒ“แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ›แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒœ แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜. แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ” แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒช แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ›แƒแƒแƒ“ แƒฃแƒชแƒœแƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒ. โ€œแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒงแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒฐแƒ, แƒœแƒ˜แƒฃ แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ˜ 2011โ€ โ€œSno-Cone, SoHo, New York 2011โ€



Richard Bram Born in Philadelphia, USA, in 1952, Richard Bram grew up in Ohio, Utah and Arizona. A series of lack-lustre jobs led him across the country to Louisville, Kentucky, where in 1984, he lost his head and became a professional photographer, building his early practice in public relations, public events, performance and portrait work. Among many highlights of this phase of his career was for 12 years being the official photographer for both the Kentucky Derby Festival and the Louisville Orchestra. Moving to London in 1997, Bram concentrated on street photography, working with classical musicians, and other personal photographic projects. There in 2001, Bram became one of the founding members of iN-PUBLiC.com, the premiere international street photographersโ€™ collective, arguably the catalyst for the great contemporary revival of the genre. Returning to the States in 2008, Bram now lives in New York City and continues to work in the public arena of the street. Bramโ€™s work has been seen in over 20 solo exhibitions through

the years in locations as diverse as America, Germany, Lithuania, Mexico, Scotland, and England as well as group exhibitions around the globe. In 2011, Bram curated โ€œFrom Distant Streets,โ€ an exhibition of 29 international street photographers at Galerie Hertz in Louisville. As well being regularly published in magazines both traditional and digital, he regularly writes and lectures on Street Photography, most recently at โ€œStreet Parade,โ€ part of the 2014 Paris โ€œMois de la Photo.โ€ He has given Street Photography workshops in such diverse locations as the Tate Modern and Tate Liverpool in the UK, New York, Bangkok, Tel Aviv, as well as the 2012 โ€œKolga Tbilisi Photoโ€. His work is in institutional, corporate, and personal collections, including the Museum of London, the Museum of the City of New York, Bibliothรจque nationale de France, the National Endowment for the Arts in Wasnhington, DC, the George Eastman House/International Museum of Photography and the University of Louisville Photographic Archives.

New York: Hiding in Plain Sight Iโ€™m not romantic about New York. Iโ€™ve been living here since 2008 and spent a lot of time here before that. Itโ€™s a tough, hard, crowded, dirty place. The vertical nature of the City presses people together. They are wound up: maybe itโ€™s the incessant crush, lack of private space, job pressure, dirt, unrelenting noise, lack of sleep, social pressure. People come and go, absorbed in their own worlds. Theyโ€™re screaming, crying, talking, and lost, and almost always staring at their phones. There are more neuroses per square meter than any place else on earth. This makes it very generous to a photographer. I work in the public arena, hiding in plain sight, visible to everyone. My father taught me that none of us are as interesting to others as we think we are. Iโ€™m an ordinary middle-aged man walking or standing around with a camera. Over the last few years, Iโ€™ve been trying to make more complex photos, images that take time to read. In this I am trying to put as much information into the frame as I can

Curated by Tina Schelhorn

without it falling into chaos. My career began in black & white, with film. Almost all of my personal work was made this way from 1984 through 2009. When we moved to New York in 2008, I continued in the same way for a while but the subject matter changed as I did. Unlike the more romantic black and white photographs I made while living in London or elsewhere, the mood here is ambivalent, ambiguous, questioning. Thatโ€™s how I feel about the last seven years in New York. Since 2010 Iโ€™ve been shooting almost entirely digital color. Itโ€™s much more difficult to do well; there is so much more that can go wrong. The challenge of mastering color in my personal work (I have always made color photos for professional work) was difficult, stressful, and worthwhile. Some people might change the color to something else in Photoshop. I wonโ€™t. My pictures are not manipulated, set up or collaged. Reality is plenty strange enough. โ€œแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒžแƒฃแƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒซแƒฆแƒ•แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒฆแƒšแƒฃแƒ›แƒ˜, แƒœแƒ˜แƒฃ แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ˜ 2005โ€ โ€œDominican Day Parade, New York 2005โ€



โ€œแƒœแƒแƒงแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ›แƒ”แƒ”แƒฅแƒ•แƒกแƒ” แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒฃ, แƒœแƒ˜แƒฃ แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ˜ 2014โ€ โ€œIce Cream Bars, Sixth Avenue, New York, 2014โ€


โ€œแƒคแƒ แƒฉแƒฎแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒฐแƒ, แƒœแƒ˜แƒฃ แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ˜ 2011โ€ โ€œNails, SoHo, New York 2011โ€


แƒกแƒแƒš แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒกแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒš แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒกแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒกแƒ˜แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒชแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒจแƒ—แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜, แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ—แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก โ€“ โ€œแƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกโ€œ แƒแƒ•แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒฐแƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒœแƒจแƒ˜, แƒžแƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒกแƒ˜แƒฅแƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒžแƒ”แƒ•แƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒš แƒกแƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ—แƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ, แƒแƒ› แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ›แƒฎแƒ˜แƒšแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฆแƒฅแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒแƒกแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ•แƒ” แƒ˜แƒ› แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ˜แƒฅ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒก. 2012 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒกแƒ›แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ โ€žแƒ แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ? โ€“ แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ แƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ˜โ€œ, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ—แƒแƒฃแƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒฐแƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒฎแƒกแƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒกแƒ˜แƒฅแƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ โ€œแƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒโ€œ. แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ— แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒ—แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒ”, แƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒ“ แƒฃแƒกแƒแƒกแƒงแƒ˜แƒ“แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒ แƒฆแƒ˜แƒแƒ“. แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ” แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒœ 2014 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก, แƒ‘แƒ แƒฃแƒ™แƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒจแƒ˜ (แƒœแƒ˜แƒฃ

แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ

แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒฐแƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒกแƒ˜แƒฅแƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒžแƒ”แƒ•แƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒชแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒš แƒกแƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ™แƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ—แƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—. แƒแƒ› แƒžแƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒแƒ–แƒ’แƒแƒกแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒœแƒ แƒแƒ› แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒš แƒแƒฆแƒฅแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ”, แƒแƒกแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ” แƒžแƒ แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ”. แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒกแƒ˜แƒฅแƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒžแƒ”แƒ•แƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒฃแƒœแƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒช แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒญแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ, แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒก แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—-แƒ”แƒ แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒฃแƒš แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒก แƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ”แƒฃแƒš แƒแƒ› แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒฃแƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒฏแƒแƒœ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒงแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒœแƒแƒœ แƒ˜แƒก แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ–แƒ” แƒ แƒ”แƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ–แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒแƒ แƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒกแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒกแƒแƒช แƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒขแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒœแƒแƒ™แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“ แƒ”แƒฅแƒชแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒงแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ”แƒก แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒฃแƒš แƒžแƒ แƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒคแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒญแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ“ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒ. แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒแƒฏแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒคแƒกแƒ˜แƒฅแƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒžแƒ”แƒ•แƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒจแƒ”แƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ”แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒช แƒ˜แƒ› แƒ›แƒ แƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒกแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒฎแƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒซแƒ˜แƒšแƒ–แƒ” แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜: แƒ—แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒšแƒฐแƒแƒ แƒœแƒ˜

แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒขแƒแƒขแƒ˜) แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒš Photoville-แƒ–แƒ” แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒœแƒ. แƒกแƒแƒš แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒกแƒ˜ แƒœแƒ˜แƒฃ แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒฃแƒœแƒฅแƒข แƒžแƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ. แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒแƒš แƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ™แƒ”แƒ แƒซแƒ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒฃแƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก, แƒžแƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒกแƒ แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ–แƒœแƒ”แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒแƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒจแƒ˜. 2011 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒกแƒ˜ แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒฅแƒจแƒแƒžแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒžแƒแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ”แƒ— แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒกแƒแƒช แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒแƒžแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒแƒฏแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒกแƒ˜แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ—. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒคแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฃแƒ–แƒ”แƒฃแƒ›แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ’แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ Blue Sky-แƒจแƒ˜, แƒœแƒ˜แƒฃ แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒขแƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒก Deutsche Hausแƒจแƒ˜, Griffin Museum-แƒจแƒ˜, แƒฐแƒ˜แƒฃแƒกแƒขแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฃแƒ–แƒ”แƒฃแƒ›แƒจแƒ˜, Photoville-แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ.แƒจ. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒ: Aufbau, Berlin Tagesspiegel, CPW Quarterly, D โ€“ La Repubblica, The Daily Mail, DART, Feature Shoot, FlavorWire, Love Issue, More, The New York Times, Real Simple, Slate, Wired แƒ“แƒ แƒ.แƒจ.

แƒแƒฏแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ“ แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒฎแƒกแƒœแƒแƒก. แƒกแƒแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒกแƒ” แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒ—แƒ แƒคแƒกแƒ˜แƒฅแƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒžแƒ”แƒ•แƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒชแƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒ™แƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒกแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒกแƒแƒ“ แƒฉแƒแƒœแƒแƒœ. แƒ—แƒแƒฏแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ“แƒ”แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒจแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒ’แƒœแƒแƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒœแƒแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒก, แƒ›แƒแƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒ—แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒžแƒ”แƒ•แƒขแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒ”แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜, แƒซแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ“, แƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒœแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒแƒขแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ. แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒก, แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ, แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒกแƒแƒช แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ” แƒกแƒ˜แƒขแƒงแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ•แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒœ. แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒแƒ แƒแƒžแƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒšแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒฃแƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒšแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒจแƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒแƒ”แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒก, แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒกแƒ˜แƒฅแƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒžแƒ”แƒ•แƒขแƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ. แƒแƒ› แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก แƒคแƒกแƒ˜แƒฅแƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒžแƒ”แƒ•แƒขแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒžแƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒแƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒกแƒแƒ—แƒฃแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ”แƒ™แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒกแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒแƒคแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒฃแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒฎแƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ˜แƒ แƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ“แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ, แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ.


แƒ–แƒ”แƒ›แƒ แƒฃแƒ”แƒกแƒ— แƒกแƒแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜, 2006 (930619) แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ โ€œแƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒโ€ Upper West Side, 2006 (930619) from the series Initial Intake

แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ˜, 2006 (1020629) แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ โ€œแƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒโ€ Columbus Circle, 2006 (1020629) from the series Initial Intake


Saul Robbins Saul Robbins is interested in the ways people interact with their surroundings, and the psychological dynamics of intimacy. His photographs are motivated by observations of human behavior and personal experience, especially those related to loss and unity. He is best known for the series Initial Intake, which examines the empty chairs of Manhattan-based psychotherapy professionals from their clientsโ€™ perspective, referencing viewersโ€™ perceptions, associations, and responses to this particular environment and the work that takes place there. In 2012, Robbins created How Can I Help? โ€“ An Artful Dialogue, displaying photographs from the series Initial Intake within a pop-up psychotherapy office environment in Midtown Manhattan, inviting passersby to speak with other artists and himself about anything they wish for free and in complete confidence. He pre-

Initial Intake

Initial Intake examines the empty chairs and office surroundings of Manhattan-based psychotherapy professionals from the point of view of their clients. From this vantage point I wish to reference the perceptions, associations, and responses to this very private environment, and the work that takes place there. For many, the role of a psychotherapist holds significant weight, and the importance attributed to him/her is one of profound influence in many of our lives. Viewers are encouraged to consider the personality inherent in each of these environments, and the place of power being held across from them. I am particularly interested in the importance of a dyadic relationship between practitioner and client, one not always considered in more traditional modalities of treatment. This series grew directly out of my responses to one particular therapeutic relationship, and the necessity of questioning the efficacy and treatment of working with that practitioner. My immediate family is made up of psychotherapists and this work is rooted in the belief that Curated by Tina Schelhorn

sented the same project during Photoville 2014 in Brooklyn, NY. Saul Robbins is an Adjunct Professor of Photography at the International Center of Photography in New York City and consults privately about communication, professional development, and best business practices for artists and photographers. Since 2011, he has been leading workshops and consulting in Europe and South America, helping students to promote themselves and their work with greater confidence, clarity, and insight into these subjects Exhibitions include The Bolinas Museum, Blue Sky Gallery, Deutsche Haus at NYU, Griffin Museum, Museum of Fine Arts โ€“ Houston, Photoville, and many others. Publications include Aufbau, Berlin Tagesspiegel, CPW Quarterly, D โ€“ La Repubblica, The Daily Mail, DART, Feature Shoot, FlavorWire, Love Issue, More, The New York Times, Real Simple, Slate, Wired, and others. long-term challenges can be resolved by examining patterns in personal and familial history. Office Work attempts to decipher some of the objects populating the offices of child psychotherapists, usually out of the client โ€“ practitioner sight line. Drawn to the toys, settings, and playthings used to diagnose and treat their young clients, I am fascinated by the indirect communication that takes place between therapist and child, much of it while playing. Play is a childโ€™s most familiar language and form of expression. Working simply with objects and the imagination, complicated personal problems are more easily identified, addressed, and resolved, often with little verbal discussion. What to the layperson may seem only like playing is, for the skilled psychotherapist, a glimpse into the inner workings of the child. The psychotherapistโ€™s role is that of translator and interpreter; helping to decipher the subtleties of this working environment so the metaphors of play are more readily expressed, understood, and best of all, resolved.


แƒ–แƒ”แƒ›แƒ แƒฃแƒ”แƒกแƒ— แƒกแƒแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜, 2005 (12405453) แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ โ€œแƒกแƒแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒกแƒ” แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒโ€ Upper West Side, 2005 (12405453) from the series Office Work

แƒ–แƒ”แƒ›แƒ แƒฃแƒ”แƒกแƒ— แƒกแƒแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜, 2004 (27804144) แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ โ€œแƒกแƒแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒกแƒ” แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒโ€ Upper West Side, 2004 (27804144) from the series Office Work


แƒฅแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒžแƒšแƒแƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜, แƒฅแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜ 1968 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก, แƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒžแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ. แƒ˜แƒก แƒ•แƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒขแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฅแƒฃแƒฉแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ. แƒกแƒแƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒก แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ‘แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒ“แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒฆแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ” แƒฌแƒฃแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฅแƒฃแƒฉแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒจแƒขแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒแƒฆแƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒคแƒแƒจแƒ˜. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒขแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฃแƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ›แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒ˜แƒ’แƒœแƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒœแƒ“แƒ, แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒฌแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— Suspect Device, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ Empty Stretch-แƒ›แƒ 2014 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒชแƒ. แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก, แƒ”แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒœแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒš แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒก แƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒ”, แƒšแƒ”แƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒคแƒ˜แƒœแƒ. แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒšแƒ”แƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ แƒฅแƒ˜แƒ•แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. 2012 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ, แƒฅแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒ-แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒ• STRATA-แƒก แƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒฅแƒฃแƒฉแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒแƒ–แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ•แƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒขแƒแƒœแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒšแƒแƒก แƒแƒœแƒฏแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒ’แƒแƒกแƒฃแƒš แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก, แƒกแƒแƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒคแƒแƒจแƒ˜,

Urban Picnic Street Photography Awards-แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒฃแƒฉแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒคแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒฃแƒฉแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒคแƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒฏแƒ˜แƒšแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ“แƒ. 2014 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒแƒจแƒจ-แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ”แƒ— Washington City Paper-แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒฏแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒ. 2013 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก, Miami Art Basel-แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก, แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒฃแƒฉแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒŸแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ. แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒฏแƒ•แƒ แƒŸแƒฃแƒ แƒœแƒแƒš Photo District News-แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒกแƒจแƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒฌแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— โ€œแƒกแƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒโ€, แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฃแƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ, แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ แƒฅแƒฃแƒฉแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒš แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ  แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒกแƒ–แƒ” แƒฉแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒ’แƒแƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒ แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒ แƒ (2013). แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก, แƒกแƒแƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒ Huffington Post, Photo District News แƒ“แƒ Leica Camera Blog-แƒ–แƒ”. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ•แƒ”, แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒญแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ Washington Post-แƒจแƒ˜, Washington City Paper-แƒจแƒ˜, CNN-แƒจแƒ˜, The Atlantic-แƒจแƒ˜, Forbes-แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒš แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒจแƒจแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜.

Suspect Device แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ  แƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ แƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒแƒ›แƒแƒก แƒžแƒแƒœแƒ™-แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ? โ€œแƒ›แƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒซแƒ แƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒงแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒแƒก, แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒขแƒแƒœแƒแƒก, แƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’ แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒจแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ•แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒก แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ. แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ“, แƒ›แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒšแƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒžแƒแƒ•แƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒœ แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒฃแƒš แƒ›แƒแƒซแƒ แƒแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒฃแƒซแƒšแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒกแƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒคแƒแƒฅแƒขแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒ“, แƒ”แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒซแƒ แƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒ”แƒคแƒฃแƒซแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ™แƒ•แƒแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ• แƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒญแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒžแƒแƒœแƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ—แƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ, แƒ›แƒ แƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ—แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒ“ แƒแƒ› แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒœ แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜. แƒ›แƒฃแƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒฃแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ แƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ“, แƒžแƒแƒœแƒ™แƒ›แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒแƒแƒ“ แƒแƒฆแƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš, แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒญแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒก โ€“ แƒžแƒแƒœแƒ™ แƒ แƒแƒ™แƒก, แƒกแƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒชแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ›แƒ˜. แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ—แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒช แƒžแƒแƒœแƒ™แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒฃแƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒก. แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒ—แƒฎแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒฃแƒœแƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒแƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒช แƒฌแƒ แƒฃแƒžแƒแƒ•แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒšแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒ—แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ  แƒฃแƒงแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒก แƒ–แƒ”แƒ“แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒซแƒแƒคแƒ แƒ˜, แƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒแƒœ, แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ“, แƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒœแƒกแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ แƒแƒ›. แƒฆแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒœแƒ™ แƒ แƒแƒ™แƒ˜ แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฅแƒแƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒฆแƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒคแƒแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜, แƒฆแƒแƒ›แƒ” แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒก, แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ˜แƒกแƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒจแƒ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœ แƒฃแƒกแƒฌแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒก แƒ•แƒแƒ›แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒก. แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก แƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒœแƒฅแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒ•แƒก, แƒซแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ“ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒขแƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜, แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ แƒ—แƒฎแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—.โ€ โ€“ แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ™ แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒ™แƒ”แƒ˜, แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜ Suspect

Device-แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒแƒชแƒ“แƒแƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœ, แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ•แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒ” แƒžแƒแƒœแƒ™ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒชแƒ”แƒ แƒขแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒขแƒแƒœแƒจแƒ˜. Naked Raygun, TSOL, Government Issue, MIA แƒ“แƒ the Cereal Killers แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ™แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒช WUST Hall แƒ”แƒ แƒฅแƒ•แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒšแƒฅแƒ˜แƒก

แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜: แƒ—แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒšแƒฐแƒแƒ แƒœแƒ˜

แƒฆแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ‘ แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ. แƒ›แƒจแƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒขแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒขแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒ”. แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ™แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒšแƒ™แƒแƒฐแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ; แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒขแƒ˜-แƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒฎแƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ, แƒ แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒฎแƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒช แƒฏแƒ’แƒฃแƒคแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒก แƒกแƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ–แƒ”. แƒ˜แƒ› แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก แƒแƒ  แƒ›แƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ, แƒแƒ แƒช แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒžแƒแƒœแƒ™แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒฅแƒ˜แƒœแƒฐแƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒฆแƒ, แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒ”แƒฎแƒกแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ แƒฉแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒ’แƒ˜แƒ, แƒกแƒ˜แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒกแƒ” แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒ—แƒฎแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒขแƒแƒ แƒœแƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ— แƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ. แƒ“แƒแƒฃแƒ•แƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒฃแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒ—แƒฎแƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒญแƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก. แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒกแƒ™แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฎแƒฃแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒซแƒ˜แƒšแƒ–แƒ”, แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒฐแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒฅแƒแƒ  แƒ“แƒ แƒžแƒแƒœแƒ™ แƒ›แƒฃแƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ•แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ•แƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒขแƒแƒœแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒขแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒจแƒ˜. แƒแƒ› แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒ’แƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฅแƒแƒแƒกแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒแƒชแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒšแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒ—แƒแƒ—แƒฎแƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒจแƒ˜, แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒš แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒชแƒ”แƒ แƒขแƒ–แƒ” แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฌแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒก แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜. แƒ”แƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒžแƒšแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ. แƒแƒฅ แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ โ€“ แƒคแƒ”แƒ—แƒฅแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜. แƒ”แƒก, แƒฃแƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒšแƒแƒ“, แƒ›แƒฃแƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ  แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก. แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒช แƒแƒ› แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒ› แƒกแƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒ แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒ›แƒฃแƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ  แƒŸแƒแƒœแƒ แƒ–แƒ” แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒฎแƒแƒœแƒก แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒแƒ› แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ“แƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒฎแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ— แƒ˜แƒ› แƒชแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒš แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒ’แƒ˜แƒแƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒแƒช แƒžแƒแƒœแƒ™ แƒ“แƒ แƒฐแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒฅแƒแƒ  แƒ›แƒฃแƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ” แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒ’แƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒช 1980-แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒชแƒ•แƒ. แƒ™แƒแƒžแƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒšแƒฃแƒ‘ โ€œแƒ แƒแƒ™-แƒ”แƒœ-แƒ แƒแƒš แƒฐแƒแƒขแƒ”แƒšแƒจแƒ˜โ€, แƒ•แƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒขแƒแƒœแƒ˜ Copstabber at Rock and Roll Hotel, Washington, DC



Chris Suspect

The son of a diplomat, Chris Suspect was born in the Philippines in 1968. He is a street and documentary photographer hailing from the Washington, D.C. area. He specializes in capturing absurd and profound moments in the quotidian. His street photography work has been recognized internationally and has been exhibited in Miami, Germany and the United Kingdom. His documentary work on the underground music scene in Washington, D.C., was published as a book, Suspect Device, by Empty Stretch in 2014 and was a featured exhibit in the Leica Galerie at Photokina 2014 in Koln, Germany. The work is currently held in the Leica Galerie Archives. Since 2012 he has been a member of the STRATA photo collective, focussing on street photography and located in Washington, D.C. and Los Angeles. In this past year, Suspect was named a finalist in the Urban Picnic Street Photography Awards (UK), a finalist in the Miami Street Pho-

tography Festival and was shortlisted for the International Street Photography Awards (UK). Locally, he was named the winner of the Washington City Paperโ€™s 2014 Photography Contest. Previously served as a judge for the Miami Street Photography festival during Miami Art Basel (2013), he won Photo District Newsโ€™ โ€œThe Sceneโ€ contest for music photography (2013) and received an honorable mention in the Chicago Photographic Societyโ€™s first annual street photography contest (2013). Suspectโ€™s work has recently been featured in the Huffington Post, Photo District News and on the Leica Camera Blog. He also has published photographs in the Washington Post, Washington City Paper, CNN, The Atlantic, Forbes and many other media outlets in the US, Germany, Canada and Brazil.

Suspect Device How did punk do it?

โ€œIt was meant to upset the system, bring havoc and cause change, and then die young. Instead, it found eternal life. Itโ€™s outlasted every youth movement I can think of. In fact, it has carried many of them on its back as they attempted to make themselves relevant again, borrowing punk ethos and credos and design. Instead of destroying the music industry, punk saved it, and gave rise to a hollow-core punk rock doppelganger, void of spirit, widely acceptable. The impostor punk can do what it wants. It serves as safe proxy for folks that strain their lemonade and donโ€™t like things that are too strong or too loud or too anything. The punk rock that matters will always burrow deeper, it seems, living by night or deep underground, forever outpacing the daylight vampires. Nothing can kill it. It owns its heart and instinctively protects it, mostly with bristling, repellent activity.โ€ โ€“ Alec MacKaye, excerpt from the foreword to Suspect Device Thirty years ago I went to my first punk show in Washington, D.C. The bands were Naked Raygun, TSOL, Government Issue, MIA and the Cereal Killers. They played in a decrepit building called WUST Hall in a

Curated by Tina Shelhorn

seedy part of the District. I had my parents drop me off a block away so I wouldnโ€™t be spotted with them. Drugs and alcohol were prevalent and fist fights seemed to erupt as often as the bands changed sets. Back then I didnโ€™t have a camera nor the courage to photograph the bands, punks and skinheads, but I remembered the energy, the fun and the danger that swirled like a tornado. It was an exciting time for an awkward fourteen year old. For the last five years, Iโ€™ve been shooting the current hardcore and punk scene in Washington and Baltimore. The goal of presenting these images is to recreate the same feelings, energy and chaos I felt as a fourteenyear-old at my first shows. Nothing is observed from afar. Itโ€™s all in your face, explosive and ultimately real. This is not just music photography, itโ€™s about the people who are attracted to this underground lifestyle and serves as a testament to a scene that has outlived almost all musical genres. In these photographs, you can see clearly the volatile energy that has kept punk and hardcore music going. It is the same energy that first grabbed me in the early 1980s. แƒ›แƒแƒงแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ Dougout-แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ•แƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒขแƒแƒœแƒ˜ Audience at the Dougout, Washington, DC



แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ โ€œแƒแƒขแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒจแƒ˜โ€, แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒขแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜ Backstage at Ottobar, Baltimore, MD


แƒฏแƒ’แƒฃแƒคแƒ˜ Apocalypse Dudes แƒจแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒขแƒšแƒแƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ”แƒ’แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ–แƒ” Turbojugend, แƒ™แƒšแƒฃแƒ‘แƒ˜ The Sidebar, แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒขแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜ Apocalypse Dudes at the Mid- Atlantic Turbojugend Festival, The Sidebar, Baltimore, MD


แƒแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“ แƒฐแƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“ แƒฐแƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ™แƒ•แƒ” 20 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒ•แƒแƒฌแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ 14 แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒแƒœแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒคแƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ›แƒฃแƒ–แƒ”แƒฃแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒฅแƒจแƒแƒžแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒงแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก (3-6 แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”). แƒ›แƒแƒก, แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ•แƒ”, แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒ—แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก โ€“ แƒ“แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ™แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒขแƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”.

แƒแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“ แƒฐแƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ แƒข แƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒฏแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒแƒฃแƒ“แƒ’แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒฐแƒแƒšแƒกแƒœแƒแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒจแƒ˜ แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒกแƒแƒœแƒฐแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฃแƒ–แƒ”แƒฃแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก (แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ’แƒ˜แƒ) แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ. แƒแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“ แƒฐแƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜, แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ•แƒ”, แƒแƒคแƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒคแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒแƒ แƒšแƒ˜แƒก, แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒžแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒšแƒแƒซแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ”.

แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒ” แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ” แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ›แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ— โ€žแƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒ”โ€œ แƒแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“ แƒฐแƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒจแƒคแƒแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒฆแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ” แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ”แƒฎแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒ˜แƒ’แƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒ’แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒš แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ. แƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒšแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒฃแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒฎแƒแƒ–แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒขแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘ แƒ’แƒ–แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ. แƒกแƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ” แƒ›แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒ” แƒžแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒซแƒฆแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ” แƒ“แƒ แƒชแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒ• แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. โ€žแƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒ”โ€œ, แƒฃแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ“, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ–แƒฃแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒฎแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘ โ€“ แƒ”แƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜, แƒ—แƒฃแƒ›แƒชแƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฅแƒแƒกแƒ“แƒ แƒœแƒแƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒคแƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒกแƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ”; แƒจแƒฃแƒฅ-แƒฉแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒฌแƒแƒ“แƒก, แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒก แƒแƒฆแƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒก. แƒแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“ แƒฐแƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ›แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒแƒชแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ  แƒฌแƒงแƒฃแƒ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ

แƒขแƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒขแƒ˜: แƒ—แƒ แƒ”แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜: แƒ—แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒšแƒฐแƒแƒ แƒœแƒ˜

แƒ’แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒก. แƒžแƒแƒ”แƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ” แƒ›แƒ™แƒแƒชแƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒกแƒขแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒก, แƒฐแƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก, แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ˜แƒฅแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ  แƒขแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒขแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜. แƒชแƒแƒšแƒ™แƒ”แƒฃแƒš แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ“แƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒฌแƒ˜แƒš แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒœแƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ— แƒขแƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒแƒชแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒ”แƒœ แƒ’แƒ˜แƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ‘แƒก โ€“ แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒฏแƒ”แƒ  แƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ— แƒกแƒฃแƒคแƒ—แƒแƒ, แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒฏแƒ”แƒ  โ€“ แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒฃแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜, แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒฆแƒ แƒ›แƒ แƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒžแƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒฏแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜. แƒ›แƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ” แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒ›แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒฆแƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒชแƒ“แƒแƒก แƒกแƒแƒญแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒฆแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒกแƒฃแƒœแƒ—แƒฅแƒ”แƒ— โ€“ แƒแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“ แƒฐแƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒฎแƒกแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒจแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ–แƒ”แƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒ–แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฎแƒแƒš แƒจแƒ แƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒกแƒฌแƒ•แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. โ€žแƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒ”โ€œ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒก, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒฎแƒกแƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก.



ร˜yvind Hjelmen ร˜yvind Hjelmen has been working with photography for more than 20 years. His works have been exhibited in 14 countries and acquired by several collections. He is teaching workshops for amateurs and professionals (3-6 days) and also runs educational photo projects and workshops for schools, from primary schools up to university level.

He is initiator, artistic project manager and curator for the Artistin-Residence program at Halsnรธy Monastery, run by Sunnhordland Museum, Norway. ร˜yvind Hjelmen is also reviewing portfolios at festivals such as Rencontres dโ€™Arles, Boutographies in Montpellier and Fotofestiwal in Lodz.

Elsewhere An ongoing, life-affirming series, โ€œElsewhereโ€ is ร˜yvind Hjelmenโ€™s soothing response to the anxieties and distress of contemporary life. Lone figures pause in nebulous moments between what was and what will be. Shrouded in fog and bounded only by painted lines, laden trucks head down unknown roads. A full moon guides wandering pilgrims onward. Abandoned stairs and empty chairs mark the shared journey. Above all, โ€œElsewhereโ€ is a visual travelogue of a life well lived โ€“ full of exotic, yet seemingly familiar places, voyages of adventure and memory โ€“ a diary of the shadow and light that makes up a year, a day, a moment. ร˜yvind Hjelmen creates a passage across continents and through

Text by Tracy Xavia Karner Curated by Tina Shelhorn

time, only to reunite us at our most humane desire for beauty and wonder. An exacting craftman with a poetโ€™s soul, Hjelmenโ€™s gelatin silver prints call to mind the pictorialist tradition yet with contemporary sensibilities. Whether in individual prints or nestled in fine, handcrafted leather folios, moments of wonder and delight beckon โ€“ sometimes crystal clear and other times hazy, but always deeply expressive. The intimacy of the smallformat is to be savored like a fine wine and explored with a full sensory palette. Come close and breathe deeply -ร˜yvind Hjelmen images unfold and expand. Each glimpse reveals another layer of charm and grace. Elsewhere is a magical passage that enriches all who makes the journey with an open heart.



แƒฃแƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ—แƒ˜

แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ—แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒจแƒ”แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก, แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒœแƒ“ แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒแƒŸแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒกแƒขแƒแƒšแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ’แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ— แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒžแƒšแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ แƒแƒžแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ“แƒฃแƒ , แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ’แƒ–แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒœแƒ”แƒ•, แƒชแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“. แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ แƒแƒžแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒก; แƒชแƒแƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒฏแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒขแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒจแƒ˜; แƒฃแƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒš แƒฏแƒฃแƒœแƒ’แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ–แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒฃแƒ–แƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ˜แƒกแƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒจแƒ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—. แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฃแƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ แƒชแƒแƒšแƒ™แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒฌแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“, แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒแƒฎแƒแƒš แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒแƒœแƒแƒก แƒ”แƒ›แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ. แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒžแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒก แƒขแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒšแƒ แƒ›แƒฃแƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ• แƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก โ€“ แƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒฌแƒงแƒ˜แƒกแƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก. แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒฅแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒกแƒžแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ–แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒช แƒแƒฅ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒก แƒ”แƒฏแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒฃแƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒฎแƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ”แƒงแƒ แƒ, แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒฏแƒ’แƒฃแƒคแƒ˜แƒก, แƒฌแƒ แƒ˜แƒก, แƒกแƒฃแƒ‘- แƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ -แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒฉแƒแƒ›แƒแƒงแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒœแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ›แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒฎแƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒชแƒแƒšแƒ™แƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒก แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒฃแƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒฆแƒšแƒ”แƒš แƒฃแƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘ แƒ“แƒ แƒฃแƒชแƒฎแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ™แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ™แƒแƒกแƒ›แƒแƒžแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ—แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ แƒ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ. แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ•แƒ, แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒชแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜. แƒ›แƒ”แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ›แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒš แƒฐแƒฃแƒ’แƒ แƒจแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒชแƒ›แƒ, แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒคแƒ˜แƒ แƒคแƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ™แƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒœแƒ˜แƒก (แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ) แƒœแƒ’แƒ แƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒ˜แƒ แƒ–แƒ” แƒแƒฆแƒ‘แƒ”แƒญแƒ“แƒ•แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒœ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒœแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ แƒ”แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒฃแƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ”แƒญแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› 1930แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜แƒช แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒจแƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ. แƒฐแƒแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒก, แƒ™แƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒœแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒขแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ•แƒแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒ—แƒก แƒฅแƒฃแƒฉแƒแƒก, แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒžแƒ”แƒ“แƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒฏแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒคแƒ”แƒฎแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ— แƒฉแƒแƒ˜แƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœ. แƒจแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒชแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ”, แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒฃแƒš แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒกแƒฌแƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜ แƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ”แƒฃแƒš แƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒก แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒก. แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒ—-แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ›แƒ แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ›แƒ, แƒฃแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒ› แƒ™แƒšแƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ›แƒ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒจแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ 1950-60-แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ. แƒžแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก, แƒœแƒ˜แƒฃ แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜

แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜: แƒฏแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ™แƒแƒžแƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜: แƒ—แƒ”แƒแƒœแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒฉแƒแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜

แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒฏแƒ˜แƒกแƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช, แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ“, แƒ”แƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ™แƒšแƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒก 1959 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒจแƒ˜ โ€œแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ–แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜โ€. แƒฅแƒฃแƒฉแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ” แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ“แƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ™แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒšแƒ” 56 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒช แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ“แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒฆแƒกแƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒฎแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ› แƒคแƒฃแƒกแƒคแƒฃแƒกแƒก. แƒฐแƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒช แƒฐแƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ–แƒ”แƒ แƒ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ  แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ–แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜. แƒ˜แƒก แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ  แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก, แƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒคแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒกแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒฅแƒชแƒ”แƒ•แƒก. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒจแƒ˜ โ€œแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒฐแƒแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ–แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒฃแƒ แƒ–แƒ” แƒคแƒ”แƒฎแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ—แƒ แƒฎแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜โ€ แƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ แƒแƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒแƒ–แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒก แƒ›แƒ—แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒ”แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒžแƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒก. แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ’แƒ”แƒœ แƒ•แƒแƒกแƒ›แƒฃแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒ แƒฌแƒงแƒ˜แƒœแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ” แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒกแƒแƒญแƒ˜แƒ แƒ แƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒœแƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒแƒฉแƒœแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒญแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜, แƒœแƒแƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒขแƒฃแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ™แƒ“แƒแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜. แƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒแƒ•-แƒ—แƒ”แƒ—แƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒ›แƒ”แƒ, แƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒฃแƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒฏแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒแƒ•แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ’แƒแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒšแƒก แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒก. แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ’แƒ”แƒœ แƒ•แƒแƒกแƒ›แƒฃแƒ—แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ (แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ“, โ€œแƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒโ€, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒฅแƒฃแƒฉแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜, แƒขแƒงแƒฃแƒžแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒชแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒ”แƒœ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒงแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ” แƒ›แƒ–แƒ”แƒ แƒ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ“แƒแƒ“ แƒฉแƒแƒœแƒก). 1970-แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒแƒ“แƒแƒœ, แƒฃแƒ™แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒœ แƒ–แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜ แƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“ แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ แƒแƒžแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ โ€“ แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒœแƒจแƒ˜, แƒœแƒ˜แƒฃ แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒกแƒ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒœแƒ”แƒš แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒก แƒฉแƒแƒฌแƒ•แƒ“แƒ”แƒก. แƒ›แƒแƒก โ€œแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒแƒ”แƒขแƒก แƒฃแƒฌแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœโ€. แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฆแƒคแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒ› แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒœแƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒก แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒจแƒ” แƒ“แƒ แƒ–แƒœแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ• แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒžแƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒš แƒจแƒแƒ•-แƒ—แƒ”แƒ—แƒ  แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒ–แƒฃแƒ แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ  แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒฃแƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒกแƒœแƒ˜แƒš แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒก แƒแƒฆแƒ‘แƒ”แƒญแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒก. แƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜: แƒ‘แƒแƒ’แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜, แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒคแƒ แƒ”แƒ“ แƒ‘แƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜, แƒ“แƒ˜แƒขแƒ”แƒ  แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ˜, แƒšแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ™แƒแƒขแƒ, แƒšแƒ”แƒแƒœ แƒ™แƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒฃแƒขแƒ˜, แƒฐแƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒช แƒฐแƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒ˜, แƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒช แƒฐแƒ”แƒœแƒšแƒ”, แƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒš แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒžแƒ˜, แƒฃแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒ› แƒ™แƒšแƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜, แƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒชแƒ™แƒ แƒแƒชแƒ˜, แƒšแƒแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ, แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ• แƒแƒšแƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ‘แƒฃแƒ แƒ’แƒ˜, แƒฐแƒแƒœแƒก แƒžแƒ”แƒขแƒ แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒšแƒค แƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒžแƒกแƒ˜, แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒœ แƒ แƒ˜แƒฐแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜, แƒ™แƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜แƒฎแƒแƒœแƒ˜, แƒแƒšแƒคแƒ แƒ”แƒ“ แƒ–แƒ”แƒ แƒฐแƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜, แƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒแƒ  แƒจแƒ›แƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜, แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒš แƒฐแƒฃแƒ’แƒ แƒจแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒชแƒ˜, แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ’แƒ”แƒœ แƒ•แƒแƒกแƒ›แƒฃแƒ—แƒ˜, แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒœ แƒ–แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ.


แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒš แƒฐแƒฃแƒ’แƒ แƒจแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒชแƒ˜ โ€“ An den Dominikanern, แƒ™แƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒœแƒ˜, แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ“แƒแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— 1930 Karl Hugo Schmรถlz โ€“ An den Dominikanern, Cologne, Germany, ca.1930


Urban Maze

Embark on a journey into the labyrinth of urban life! With a selection of contemporary photography, sound collages and a multimedia installation by international artists, we invite you to join us to descent into the beguiling, disturbing, sensual, hot-cold world of the metropolises of our world. The majority of the worldโ€™s population lives in big cities or metropolises. A world of skyscrapers and concrete. An urban jungle with arterial roads and vast underworlds. The city undergoes constant changes and the individual buildings remain as a recollection, inheriting past and present history. At the same time, they form a puzzle piece in the new surroundings. Monumental buildings tell of past times and political influences. The passage of time leaves its mark and so the decay of houses realizes the constant change and the change between transience and a new beginning. The city is stage and subject of social conflicts, because here diverging interests collide. Urban Life is marked by people coming together, building different groups, forming a milieu, sub- or counter-culture. The anonymity of the big cities comes often with isolation and loneliness as well. Not everybody is capable to cope with the disturbing unknown and the unfamiliar surroundings. Inner-city life has many faces. The cosmopolitan life has always been an inspirational source for several artists. The unique view of the photographers, visualizing the flair and lively atmosphere, is as diverse as their inhabitants and their way of life. After the World War II, the photographer Karl Hugo Schmoฬˆlz started to document the destruction of Cologne, Germany with his big plate camera. He created an impressive documentation of the German reconstruction in Cologne. But even in the 1930s, his hometown is one of his most important motives. The crossing of Heumarkt, Cologne shows the movement within the modern city. A tramway is crossing the street, a woman on a bike is driving past and pedestrians are walking by. Schmoฬˆlz captures the very moment of the modern pre-war German society growing faster and faster. William Klein, one of the most important photographers of our times, started to take pictures of various cities in the early 1950s and 1960s. His urban portraits of cities Curated by Janine and Viviane Koppelmann Project Coordinator: Teona Gogichaishvili

like Paris, Rome, New York or Moscow are photographic descriptions of the pulsating urban life of his times, like his picture โ€žKiev Railway stationโ€œ from 1959. The slight fuzziness of the busy people walking by, makes the hustle and bustle perceptible even 56 years later. Heinz Held tells us the story about a city and the people who live in it. His gaze is focused on the seemingly banal. He engages the everyday life into focus, the spirit of the time captured within the moment. In the picture โ€žMannheim Fussgaฬˆnger-Steg am Hauptbahnhofโ€œ strong contrasts and extreme image lines determine the photo and reveal beauty and composition in the unexpected. The German photographer Juฬˆrgen Wassmuth is an excellent observer, and he has a keen sense for the right moment. His pictures capture intimate familiar scenarios and anecdotal snapshots. Intuition and sensibility as the emotionalism of the artist characterize the black and white pictures, which are witnesses of life and history. It is not unusual that he makes his audience chuckle. Juฬˆrgen Wassmuth ฬs sense for a subtle humor is present in his images, such as โ€žFashion Showโ€œ, an affectionate look at two old Ladies, dressed as siblings strolling down the street. Since the late 1970s, the Ukrainian-German photographer Miron Zownir is fathoming the dark side of human existence within the great metropolises such as London, New York, Berlin or Moscow. He is called the โ€œpoet of radical photographyโ€. Fascinated by the people who have found themselves on the margin of society, he explores life beyond boundaries and exploring moral conventions. Within his expressionist black and white images, he captures the world without censorship, radical and barefaced. Artists: Bogi Bell, Manfred Bockelmann, Dieter Bork, Lica Cecato, Leon Cockuyt, Heinz Held, Fritz Henle, Irmel Kamp, William Klein, KRITZKRATZ, Locano, Uwe Oldenburg, Hans Petri, Rolf Phillips, Karin Richert, Kaddy Saidykhan, Alfred Saฬˆrchinger, Elmar Schmitt, Karl Hugo Schmoฬˆlz, Juฬˆrgen Wassmuth, Miron Zownir and many more.


แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ’แƒ”แƒœ แƒ•แƒแƒกแƒ›แƒฃแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒคแƒ”แƒจแƒ”แƒœ แƒจแƒแƒฃ, แƒœแƒ˜แƒฃ แƒฏแƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒ˜, แƒœแƒ˜แƒฃ แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ˜ 1988 Jรผrgen Wassmuth Fashion Show New Jersey, New York 1988


แƒฃแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒ› แƒ™แƒšแƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ โ€“ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ–แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜, แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ 1559. William Klein โ€“ Kiev Railway station, Moscow 1959


แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒœ แƒ–แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜ โ€“ แƒœแƒ˜แƒฃ แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ˜, 1982. Miron Zownir โ€“ New York 1982


แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ›แƒ

แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒขแƒ›แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒชแƒœแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒขแƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒ—แƒฃ แƒแƒ แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒฃแƒšแƒ? แƒ—แƒฃ แƒแƒ แƒ โ€“ แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒœ แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒฆแƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ•แƒแƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ— แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ? แƒ—แƒฃ แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒก โ€“ แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ’ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒก แƒ แƒแƒขแƒแƒ› แƒแƒ  แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒ—แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ? แƒคแƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ•แƒ˜แƒคแƒ˜แƒฅแƒ แƒแƒ—, แƒแƒฅ แƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒฎแƒจแƒ˜. แƒ”แƒก, แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ“, แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ. แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒฎแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒ แƒแƒžแƒแƒ แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒขแƒ”แƒฅแƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒงแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ. แƒขแƒ”แƒฅแƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒงแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ˜แƒก แƒขแƒ”แƒฅแƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒ. แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒงแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ–แƒ” แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ  แƒ–แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒกแƒžแƒแƒœแƒขแƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“, แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒซแƒแƒ‘แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒจแƒ”, แƒคแƒแƒขแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ–แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒžแƒงแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒก; แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒœแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก, แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒขแƒ™แƒ˜แƒชแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ–แƒฃแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒแƒขแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒกแƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒแƒ“ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜

แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒฆแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก. แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒก แƒ”แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒžแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜. แƒ‘แƒแƒ™แƒแƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒขแƒ›แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒชแƒœแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒขแƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ”แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒจแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒฌแƒแƒ“แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— 60 แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒก แƒแƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒ—แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก. แƒฎแƒฃแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜ โ€“ แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒฐแƒแƒแƒ™แƒ˜, แƒšแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ แƒฐแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜, แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒš แƒ›แƒแƒคแƒแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ–แƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜ 2014-15 แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ–แƒแƒ›แƒ—แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒ แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒœแƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ. แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒขแƒ”แƒขแƒ แƒœแƒแƒจแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜, แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒฃแƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒœแƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒฉแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒก. แƒแƒฅ แƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒชแƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜, แƒฆแƒ แƒ›แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ™แƒ”แƒ แƒซแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒกแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ”แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒแƒ—. แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒžแƒšแƒแƒœแƒ–แƒ” แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ แƒ–แƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒคแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜ แƒแƒœ แƒขแƒ”แƒฅแƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒงแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒ˜แƒšแƒ•แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒชแƒแƒ“แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒกแƒแƒกแƒแƒ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ.

Beyond the Common

Students of the University of Applied Science and Arts Dortmund Is there a formula for good photography? If there isnโ€™t, then how can photography be taught? If there is, why havenโ€™t all good photographers had studied? Fundamentally speaking, this is where the difference in quality of photography manifests itself. These are generally applicable to a large extent. For many, they often are based on the technical perfection of the apparatus. Technical perfection is, by definition not emphatically because itโ€™s technical. The power of photography lies in its ability to affect the viewer emotionally. Spontaneously, without much cognitive effort images point to the spectator. To teach young people photography means to lead them to develop their own attitudes. Own attitudes, strengths and interests to strengthen, teach how to deal with the signs and expressions of visual languages and transmit hope to students in a highly com-

แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜: แƒžแƒ แƒแƒค. แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ แƒ™ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฐแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒขแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜: แƒ—แƒ”แƒแƒœแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒฉแƒแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜

petitive economic environment. These are the main tasks in teaching photography. The bachelor degree course of photography in the Department of Design at the University of Applied Science and Arts Dortmund teaches about 60 photographers a year. The five theses by Bianca Benisch, Julia Haack, Lisa Hartmann, Marcel Maffei and Julia Sellmann have all emerged in the winter semester 2014/15. They provide insight treated in theses at the University on the variety of topics. It combines the attempt based on their own interests to record emotional, deep and unbiased photographic essays of human worlds, while neither the superficial effect nor the technical perfection is in the foreground. At the heart of these different works, there is an attempt to trigger the emphatic witnessing in the observers and let them gain knowledge by exploring the human condition.

Curated by Prof. Dirk Gebhardt Project Coordinator: Teona Gogichaishvili


แƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒฐแƒแƒแƒ™แƒ˜ โ€“ แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ โ€œแƒ›แƒ” แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ“ แƒ•แƒแƒ !โ€ Julia Haack โ€“ From the series โ€œIโ€™M OKAY!โ€

แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ˜ โ€“ แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ โ€œแƒแƒ  แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ  แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒ—แƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกโ€œ Bianca Benisch โ€“ From the series โ€œBetween Two Worlds and More than Two Timesโ€œ


National Geographic แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ: 2014 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒกแƒ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒจแƒจ-แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒ”แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ (National Geopgraphic Society) แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—-แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒชแƒœแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒ—แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒญแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒชแƒœแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ-แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒฎแƒแƒ แƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒ. แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ National Geographic-แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ—แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒแƒ— แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒก แƒžแƒšแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒขแƒแƒ–แƒ”. แƒžแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒแƒœแƒขแƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ แƒฅแƒ”แƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ, แƒ’แƒ”แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ’แƒ”แƒแƒžแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ, แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒขแƒ”แƒฅแƒœแƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ โ€“ แƒ˜แƒ› แƒกแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ แƒแƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒช National

Geographic-แƒ˜ แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’ แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒแƒ แƒแƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒกแƒขแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒจแƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ”แƒญแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก. แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ˜แƒ• แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒ™แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒช แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒงแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒช, National Geographicแƒ›แƒ. แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒŸแƒฃแƒ แƒœแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ’แƒฃแƒš แƒ›แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒšแƒ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒฃแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒœแƒ. แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒš โ€žแƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒ แƒ—แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ–แƒ”โ€œ แƒŸแƒฃแƒ แƒœแƒแƒšแƒ˜ National Geographic แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ— 2014 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒกแƒ แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก.

National Geographic Georgia: Best photos of 2014 National Geographic Society is one of the worldโ€™s greatest scientific and educational organizations with the support of which numerous scientific research projects and expedition have been realized. For many years, National Geographic Society has been inspiring us to take care of our planet. Paleontology and archeology, geography, geopolitics, wild nature, people and culture, hi tech โ€“ this is an incomplete

list of fields National Geographic researches in 40 countries of the world as incredible articles and impressive photos. The past year was not an exception, within which National Geographic magazine presented to his loyal readers a lot of interesting materials. At this yearโ€™s Kolga Tbilisi Photo, National Geographic Georgia Magazine presents best works published in 2014.


แƒฏแƒแƒœ แƒจแƒขแƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜, VII โ€“ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฅ. แƒฏแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒฃแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— John Stanmeyer, VII โ€“ Impoverished African migrants crowd the night shore of แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒฃแƒš แƒ˜แƒแƒค แƒกแƒแƒขแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒคแƒแƒœแƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ’แƒœแƒแƒšแƒก แƒ˜แƒญแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒœ. Djibouti city, trying to capture inexpensive cell signals from neighbouring Somalia.


แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœ แƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒšแƒ˜, AFP/GETTY IMAGES โ€“ แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒฃแƒ’แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ. 29 แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒฃแƒคแƒกแƒ™แƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ•แƒ  แƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒก แƒซแƒแƒ แƒฆแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒฎแƒšแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒฃแƒงแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒ, แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒแƒ แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ”แƒš แƒ›แƒงแƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒก, แƒแƒ แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒฃแƒ™แƒ”แƒก. โ€žแƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒ“ แƒ•แƒแƒ โ€œ, โ€“ แƒ—แƒฅแƒ•แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœ แƒ™แƒšแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก.

DEAN TREML, AFP/GETTY IMAGES โ€“ Portugal. Plummeting from a 29-meter precipice would unnerve most mortals, but โ€œin that moment, everything is calm,โ€ said Colombian diver Orlando Duque during the 2012 Red Bull Cliff Diving World Series. The nine-time world champion placed second.


แƒ™แƒ”แƒ˜แƒ— แƒšแƒแƒซแƒ˜แƒœแƒกแƒ™แƒ˜ โ€“ แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ’แƒ แƒ˜แƒ’แƒแƒšแƒ˜ 850-แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒฌแƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒ•แƒแƒš แƒžแƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒ-แƒ“แƒ-แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒ—แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒ“ แƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒก. แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒช แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒแƒฃแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒ. แƒ แƒ˜แƒ-แƒ“แƒ”-แƒŸแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ–แƒ”, แƒแƒ  แƒ™แƒšแƒ“แƒ”แƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒญแƒ˜แƒ›แƒฃแƒš แƒ‘แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ แƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ˜แƒฃ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒขแƒฃ, แƒ’แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ—, แƒฆแƒ แƒฃแƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒ“แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒกแƒ.

Keith Ladzinski โ€“ Brazil. As a fast-moving storm engulfs Pedra da Gรกvea mountain, Caio

Afeto seems to walk on clouds. The professional highliner was traversing two cliffs above Rio de Janeiro when a coastal front blew in, hiding the nearly 850-meter-high summit in mist.


แƒžแƒแƒš แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒ˜, Corbis โ€“ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒ“แƒ. แƒฐแƒฃแƒ“แƒกแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒงแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ— แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒกแƒแƒ› Paul Souders, Corbis โ€“ Canada. Three kilometers off the western coast of the Hudson Bay แƒ™แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ แƒ–แƒ”, แƒแƒ แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ—แƒ”แƒ—แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒแƒžแƒแƒ แƒแƒขแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒก แƒชแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒก. and just south of the Arctic Circle, a polar bear comes in for a close-up. As the winter pack ice แƒ–แƒแƒคแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒจแƒ˜, แƒงแƒ˜แƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒก, แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒฃแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒœแƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒ”แƒœ แƒฃแƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒ— แƒชแƒฃแƒ แƒ•แƒ. melts in summer months, the worldโ€™s largest bearsโ€”a vulnerable speciesโ€”must swim for shore.


แƒœแƒฃแƒ แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒœแƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒšแƒฃแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜, Getty Images โ€“ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ. แƒกแƒแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒšแƒแƒแƒ–แƒ” (แƒ™แƒ”แƒ แƒขแƒแƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒ) Nurcholis Anhari Lubis, Getty Images โ€“ Indonesia. At a slaughterhouse in Kertasura แƒ›แƒ™แƒ•แƒ“แƒแƒ  แƒ’แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒขแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒงแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒœ. แƒ’แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก dead snakes are rolled up before being sold for food or traditional medicine. Villagers hunt the แƒ’แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒจแƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒšแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ. reptiles to supplement their incomeโ€”and feed the billion-dollar global snake trade.


แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ› แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ› แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ 1980 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก, แƒžแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒจแƒ˜. แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜, แƒคแƒ แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ˜, แƒ”แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒžแƒขแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒžแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฐแƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒ. แƒคแƒแƒขแƒ แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒœแƒ˜แƒฃ แƒแƒ แƒšแƒ”แƒแƒœแƒจแƒ˜, แƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒจแƒฎแƒแƒš แƒ™แƒแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒแƒ–แƒแƒ แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒœแƒแƒชแƒ•แƒแƒš แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ—แƒ แƒ›แƒซแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒ›แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒ˜แƒ แƒ–แƒ” แƒแƒฆแƒ‘แƒ”แƒญแƒ“แƒ•แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒžแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒขแƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒแƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”. แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒ“แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒขแƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ แƒ›แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒจแƒ”แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ˜แƒ, แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒš แƒ˜แƒฅแƒœแƒ 25 Under 25: Up-and-Coming American Photographers-แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ–แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒ’แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒš แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ“แƒ, แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ•แƒ”, แƒฌแƒ˜แƒ’แƒœแƒจแƒ˜แƒช แƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ. 2009 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒแƒคแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ–แƒ”, แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ powerHouse Books-แƒ›แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒขแƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ The Taqwacores, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฃแƒกแƒšแƒ˜แƒ›แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒœแƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ“ แƒ”แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒคแƒฃแƒซแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ“

แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒฌแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ›แƒก. แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒงแƒแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ›แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒก, แƒฉแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ”แƒ— แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒจแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒฎแƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒฏแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒก. 2007 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฏแƒ˜แƒšแƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒžแƒแƒ•แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒกแƒ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ›แƒ. แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒจแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ— แƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ แƒกแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒกแƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—แƒแƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒ CNN, MSNBC, ESPN, BBC, Al Jazeera, Der Speigel, Open Society Foundation, Wall Street Journal, Le Monde Magazine, Time Magazine, Newsweek Magazine, Business/Bloomberg, Rolling Stone Magazine, SPIN, New York Magazine, Gourmet Magazine, GRAZIA Magazine, Guernica Magazine, Politiken Magazine, The Texas Observer, La Repubblica XL, Sabado XL, NOX Magazine, Epsilon Magazine, The Guardian, P-Magazine, EMI Records, Queens Museum แƒ“แƒ The Sun.

แƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒแƒคแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒฎแƒ˜ 11 แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“, แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒฌแƒงแƒ•แƒ˜แƒขแƒ” 2011 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒฎแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ”แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒžแƒขแƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ˜. แƒ•แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒฃแƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒจแƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก 30 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒ โ€“ แƒฅแƒแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒก แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒœแƒแƒ™แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“ แƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒš แƒฌแƒ แƒ˜แƒฃแƒš แƒ›แƒแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ–แƒ”, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒขแƒแƒฐแƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ”แƒ“แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜. แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ•แƒœแƒ 18 แƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ•แƒ˜แƒฎแƒ˜แƒšแƒ” แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒกแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ แƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒฅแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒžแƒขแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒ’แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒ› แƒ“แƒ˜แƒฅแƒขแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ แƒ”แƒŸแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒแƒœแƒแƒก แƒ—แƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒซแƒ˜แƒšแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒ. แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒฅแƒฃแƒฉแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒงแƒแƒ แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜. แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒซแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒคแƒแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก

แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒก แƒฃแƒ–แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ. แƒ›แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒแƒขแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒฃแƒคแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒกแƒแƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒจแƒ”แƒฎแƒ•แƒ“แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒช แƒ›แƒ”แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ• แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒญแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ. แƒกแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒขแƒ”แƒฅแƒœแƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒฃแƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ, แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ แƒ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒฃแƒคแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ•แƒœแƒ แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒฏแƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒ“ แƒฏแƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ™แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒแƒก แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ. แƒขแƒ•แƒ˜แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ แƒฐแƒ”แƒจแƒ—แƒ”แƒ’แƒก #Jan25 แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒแƒ“, แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ™แƒ•แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒงแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒš แƒ˜แƒฅแƒœแƒ. แƒขแƒแƒฐแƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ–แƒ” แƒจแƒ”แƒ™แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒงแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒ”แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฃแƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒแƒฅแƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒขแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก, แƒขแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ–แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒœแƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ—แƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒช แƒ™แƒ˜, แƒ›แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ”แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒžแƒขแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜, แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ, แƒžแƒ แƒ”แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒ”แƒœ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒซแƒ แƒ. แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ.

แƒฅแƒแƒ˜แƒ แƒ, แƒ”แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒžแƒขแƒ” โ€“ 1 แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜: แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒแƒœ แƒ™แƒฃแƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“, CNN-แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜, 1 แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜, แƒฅแƒแƒ˜แƒ แƒ (แƒ”แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒžแƒขแƒ”)/Getty Images/ CAIRO, EGYPT โ€“ FEBRUARY 1: On assignment w/ Anderson Cooper from CNN on February 1st in Cairo, Egypt. /Getty Images/.



Kim Badawi Born in Paris in 1980, Kim Badawi is American visual anthropologist of Egyptian and Slovenian background, who began his career photographing the plight of refugee families from Mississippi to Texas in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, in New Orleans. Selected for publication, by the Center for Documentary Studies at Duke University, Kimโ€™s work appears in 25 Under 25: Up-and-Coming American Photographers exhibit and book. Badawiโ€™s The Taqwacoresโ€”a history of the American Muslim punkโ€”was released by powerHouse Books in Spring 2009 and since then has inspired a movie of the same name. His work in photography led him to all parts of Europe, North America,

the Caribbean, the Middle East and now in Brazil. In 2007, he received Arab Media & Society Award for Best Photographer of the Year. He collaborated with following media and international organizations: CNN, MSNBC, ESPN, BBC, Al Jazeera, Der Speigel, Open Society Foundation, Wall Street Journal, Le Monde Magazine, Time Magazine, Newsweek Magazine, Business/Bloomberg, Rolling Stone Magazine, SPIN, New York Magazine, Gourmet Magazine, GRAZIA Magazine, Guernica Magazine, Politiken Magazine, The Texas Observer, La Repubblica XL, Sabado XL, NOX Magazine, Epsilon Magazine, The Guardian, P-Magazine, EMI Records, Queens Museum and The Sun.

Spring Uprising 11 Against all advise, I decided to move to Egypt just days before the start of the uprising in January of 2011. I moved into my grand fatherโ€™s apartment uninhabited for over 30 years, on the little-known roundabout in downtown Cairo, know as Tahrir Square. Within the next 18 days, I was witness to a struggle involving Egyptians of all social backgrounds, religions and genders. All putting aside their differences in an effort to overthrow a dictatorship and authoritarian regime, which was governing the country for generations. Within days millions flocked to the streets, chanting and sharing their otherwise guarded views. Peaceful protest and liberty of expression were met

with violent retaliation by authority, which united the protesters into even tighter knit community. Social media and new technologies helped the protests have a step ahead on what the authorities next move was, where to gather, and to fact check on any government infiltration. Twitters used the hashtag #Jan25 and every further date were thereafter immortalized. Even the day after former president Mubarakโ€™s controversial televised address to the protesters in Tahrir Square and shutting down television stations, train stations and internet all together; millions of Egyptians from cities and form the farms alike, began a march on the Presidential palace. The rest is history.

แƒกแƒœแƒแƒ˜แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒšแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒแƒชแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒฃแƒฉแƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒฅแƒแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒจแƒ˜, 2010 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก 29 แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒก. /Getty Images/ Man shot by snipper in the streets of downtown on January 29, 2010 in Cairo, Egypt. /Getty Images/



แƒ›แƒฃแƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒแƒฅแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’แƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒฉแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒฆแƒแƒšแƒ Anti-Mubarak protestors, many of whom are injured and exhausted แƒ›แƒฃแƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒแƒฅแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒขแƒแƒฐแƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ–แƒ”, แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ›แƒ, by conflict with Pro-Mubarak forces, live in sieged behind barricades แƒแƒšแƒงแƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. 6 แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜, แƒฅแƒแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒก แƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ แƒ˜ (แƒ”แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒžแƒขแƒ”) in Tahrir Square on February 6th in downtown Cairo, Egypt


แƒžแƒ แƒ”แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒข แƒฐแƒแƒกแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฃแƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒแƒฅแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜, 3 แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒก, แƒ›แƒฃแƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒแƒฅแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’แƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒฆแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’ แƒฅแƒแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒจแƒ˜ (แƒ”แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒžแƒขแƒ”).

A torn portrait of President Hosni Mubarak after a night of conflict between Anti-Mubarak protestors and Pro-Mubarak protesters in Tahrir Square on February 3rd in Cairo, Egypt.


แƒœแƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒ’แƒ แƒ˜แƒ’แƒแƒšแƒแƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒฃแƒคแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜. แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒจแƒ˜. แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒžแƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒจแƒ˜. แƒแƒ›แƒŸแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ–แƒ”. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒซแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒก แƒ แƒ”แƒ’แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜, แƒฃแƒ›แƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒขแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒฎแƒ แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜. แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ”: โ€œแƒ”แƒ—แƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ›แƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒจแƒ˜โ€, โ€œแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜โ€, โ€œแƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒกแƒฌแƒแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜,โ€, โ€œแƒ“แƒฃแƒฎแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒจแƒ˜โ€, โ€œแƒแƒ–แƒ”แƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒ˜แƒฏแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒจแƒ˜โ€, โ€œแƒ“แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒœแƒโ€ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ. แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ•แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜,

แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒฏแƒ’แƒฃแƒคแƒฃแƒ  แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒจแƒ˜. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒกแƒจแƒ˜. 2005 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒญแƒ แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ” แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒขแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ โ€œแƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒ แƒ—แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒกโ€ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ . แƒ—แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ” แƒฏแƒแƒ•แƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒขแƒ”แƒขแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ—แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒขแƒ•แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒแƒก. 2014-15 แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒแƒแƒ แƒกแƒ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ™แƒšแƒฃแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ—แƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ›แƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ แƒ แƒ”แƒ’แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ โ€“ แƒฏแƒแƒ•แƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ—แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒžแƒแƒœแƒ™แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜.

แƒ แƒซแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒฃแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ แƒแƒชแƒ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ›แƒ” แƒ›แƒ˜แƒงแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ–แƒ” แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ. แƒ›แƒซแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก. แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฅแƒแƒก แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒ˜แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒก, แƒ˜แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒก, แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒ› แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ. แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ”แƒ. แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ” แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒ” แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒแƒ . แƒ›แƒ” แƒšแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒแƒ  แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒฃแƒฅแƒ˜ แƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒขแƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒชแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒจแƒแƒ• แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒแƒคแƒแƒ แƒก แƒ•แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘. แƒ›แƒ” แƒšแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒแƒ , แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒแƒชแƒ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜, แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒฉแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ

แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ•แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ›แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒšแƒก. แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœ แƒšแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒฃแƒฅแƒ˜ แƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒขแƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒชแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒจแƒแƒ• แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ•แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—. แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒœแƒแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜ แƒฆแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ”แƒ–แƒแƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒœแƒแƒ• แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒ—. แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ: แƒ’แƒ–แƒ, แƒ“แƒ แƒ, แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒฎแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜.

แƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒšแƒ˜แƒฅแƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜

natela grigalashvili

Freelance photographer, who lives and works in Georgia. For many years, she has worked as a press photographer. Currently, she works on various photography projects. Life in different regions of Georgia, minorities and traditional religious and folk rituals are among the main subjects of her photo projects. Her projects include โ€œEthnic Minorities in Georgiaโ€, โ€œGeorgian Villageโ€, โ€œReligious Holidaysโ€, โ€œDukhobors in Georgiaโ€, โ€œAzerbaijani in Georgiaโ€, โ€œMother Tongueโ€, among others. She is the author of several personal exhibi-

tions and has participated in various group exhibitions as well as received prizes at different photo contests. In 2005, she was awarded the Alexander Roinashvili honorary prize for the outstanding merits in the development of Georgian photography by Kolga Tbilisi Photo. She also teaches photography at Tbilisi Ivane Javakhishvili State University and Tbilisi State Academy of Arts. Between 2014 and 2015, she founded photography clubs for ethnic and religious minorities in borderline regions โ€“ Javakheti and Pankisi Gorge.

When someone is looking at me, I want to cover my face with hands. My hands are heavy. It seems they had already lived before me; lived before the life has begun.

I am a beautiful woman and when I smile, the shadow of my smile covers the whole village just like smoke coming out of a chimney. We are beautiful women and we wear dark clothes and black kerchiefs. We live in the houses with the same tack-welded fence but we have a slightly different smile.

The Smell of Milk

There is a lot to do at home. Every tasks says that I am a woman. I am a beautiful woman and I wear dark clothes and a black kerchief.

Everything begins from me: the road, time, people and the village.

Lia Liqokeli แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜: แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ Curated by Dina Oganova

แƒแƒ–แƒ”แƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒ˜แƒฏแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ แƒกแƒ™แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ–แƒ”แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ–แƒ”. แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒ˜. 2014 Azeri Girl at School Celebration. Gardabani. 2014



แƒฏแƒแƒ•แƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ 2013 Javakheti 2013

แƒžแƒแƒœแƒ™แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ 2014 Pankisi Gorge 2014


แƒแƒญแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ. 2014 Adjarian Women. Khulo. 2014


แƒ›แƒ”-14 แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒ แƒ—แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒ 2015 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒ แƒ—แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒก แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒกแƒ–แƒ” แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒŸแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒแƒœแƒ แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒœแƒ“แƒ. 6 แƒ™แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— 600 แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ— 9000 แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ— แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ’แƒ•แƒ”แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ. แƒ›แƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒฎแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒแƒก แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒจแƒขแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒกแƒฃแƒš แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒžแƒแƒžแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ› แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒฆแƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ› แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ• แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒฎแƒ”แƒš แƒ“แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒฌแƒ›แƒฃแƒœแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ–แƒ” แƒ–แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒœแƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒแƒฉแƒœแƒ˜แƒ: แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒฃแƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒฆแƒขแƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒจแƒ˜แƒจแƒ˜แƒก, แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒžแƒแƒ—แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก, แƒกแƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก, แƒชแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒšแƒ˜แƒก, แƒกแƒ”แƒ•แƒ“แƒ˜แƒก, แƒกแƒ˜แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ. แƒ˜แƒงแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒขแƒ แƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒขแƒแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒฉแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒฅแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒกแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒฃแƒš แƒ›แƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ” แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒฃแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ˜แƒ“แƒฃแƒ›แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒฎแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒฏแƒ”แƒ  แƒ”แƒก แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜, แƒ”แƒ แƒ— แƒฉแƒแƒ แƒฉแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒชแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜. แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒก, แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒ”, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒแƒช แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ— แƒฃแƒ™แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅ แƒšแƒฃแƒฐแƒแƒœแƒกแƒ™แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒคแƒ”แƒ—แƒฅแƒ, แƒ แƒ”แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒแƒŸแƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒ แƒ. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฏแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒ”แƒœ, แƒแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“ แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒแƒœ แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒฌแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ— โ€“ โ€œแƒ›แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ” แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกโ€ แƒขแƒ แƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒ”แƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒแƒœแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒซแƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒฃแƒแƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒœ. แƒแƒ›แƒ›แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒšแƒ” แƒ˜แƒ›แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒžแƒšแƒ. แƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒชแƒœแƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฐแƒแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ•แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ•แƒ  แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก, แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒฌแƒ˜แƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒขแƒ แƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒกแƒแƒช แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒขแƒ แƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒแƒช แƒกแƒชแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒœแƒ”แƒœแƒกแƒ˜ แƒœแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ โ€œแƒฅแƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒ”แƒ›แƒโ€ แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒก แƒ™แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒฏแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒฎแƒ“แƒ. แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ› โ€œแƒขแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜โ€ แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒ” แƒจแƒแƒ แƒก แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒ, แƒ›แƒจแƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ  แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒจแƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ แƒ”แƒ–แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒซแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ—. โ€œแƒฅแƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒ”แƒ›แƒโ€ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒจแƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒขแƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ— แƒจแƒ”แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜, แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒ. แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ“, แƒœแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ› แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒก แƒฃแƒคแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒชแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ”แƒก แƒ—แƒ”แƒ›แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ—แƒ‘แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ— แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ”แƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒช แƒแƒ› แƒขแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ แƒ แƒฃแƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜. แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒชแƒ”แƒžแƒขแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒก แƒ™แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ, แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ—, แƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ แƒฆแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ—แƒฃแƒ›แƒชแƒ, แƒ•แƒแƒ•แƒŸแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒช แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒ‘แƒฃแƒŸแƒ˜แƒก แƒŸแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜: แƒ แƒ˜แƒฉแƒแƒ แƒ“ แƒ‘แƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜, แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒ แƒ˜แƒคแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜, แƒ—แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒšแƒฐแƒแƒ แƒœแƒ˜, แƒ“แƒแƒ—แƒ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ“แƒแƒซแƒ”

แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ โ€œแƒฌแƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒแƒชแƒ•แƒโ€ แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒฏแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ•แƒ, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒœแƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒ“แƒแƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ แƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒขแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒ•แƒ”แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒ. 1980-แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒœ-แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒงแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒฎแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒก แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒก, แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ  แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒฆแƒฅแƒ›แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ“ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒฎแƒกแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“, แƒ—แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ”แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒแƒŸแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒจแƒ˜. แƒ”แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ”แƒœแƒจแƒขแƒ”แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ› โ€œแƒแƒฅแƒขแƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒกโ€ แƒ™แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฎแƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒฃแƒ  แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒฉแƒœแƒ”แƒแƒ“แƒ. แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒœแƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒ‘แƒฃแƒŸแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒก แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒขแƒ™แƒ˜แƒชแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒแƒ›แƒ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ˜แƒ› แƒจแƒ”แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ“ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฉแƒœแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ”แƒœแƒกแƒแƒคแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ–แƒ” แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ›, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒขแƒแƒ›แƒก แƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒฏแƒ•แƒ. แƒ’แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ–แƒ” แƒแƒฆแƒ‘แƒ”แƒญแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜, แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒขแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒแƒ–แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒแƒขแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒšแƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜, แƒจแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ–แƒ” โ€“ แƒ”แƒก แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒ› แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒš แƒกแƒ˜แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒก แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒกแƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก, แƒœแƒแƒ แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ›แƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ”แƒ แƒ— แƒฉแƒแƒ แƒฉแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒชแƒ”แƒ•แƒ, แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒกแƒแƒช แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒœแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ›แƒ”แƒ•แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒก แƒ™แƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜. แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒฃแƒ  แƒขแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒคแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒแƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒแƒ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒชแƒ. แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒฌแƒ•แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ, แƒกแƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ•แƒ. แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฃแƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ›แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒฃแƒ›แƒฏแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ› แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒคแƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒแƒ“ แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ–แƒฃแƒš แƒ˜แƒœแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒ. แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ˜แƒ• แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒค แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒแƒ™แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒžแƒ แƒแƒฆแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒจแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฃแƒ–แƒ”แƒฃแƒ›แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒฏแƒ”แƒ  แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒแƒ’แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜, แƒ›แƒฃแƒ–แƒ”แƒฃแƒ›แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒกแƒชแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ•แƒแƒ™แƒแƒก แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒจแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฅแƒแƒก แƒชแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒšแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ, แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒžแƒแƒ แƒแƒ™แƒแƒœ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒช. แƒ“แƒ แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒฏแƒ”แƒ  แƒ”แƒก แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒชแƒ—แƒฃ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ” แƒกแƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ แƒจแƒ—แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒญแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒ›แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ. แƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒคแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒฌแƒ•แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒก แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒญแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒฎแƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ•แƒ, แƒกแƒแƒ“ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ“ โ€“ แƒ”แƒคแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜. แƒ—แƒฃแƒ›แƒชแƒ, แƒแƒœแƒ แƒกแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒซแƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒจแƒแƒ•-แƒ—แƒ”แƒ—แƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ–แƒ”แƒช แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ–แƒแƒ›แƒ—แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒแƒฆแƒ‘แƒ”แƒญแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ›แƒคแƒ แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜, แƒกแƒฌแƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ“, แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒงแƒ˜แƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒžแƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒช แƒ แƒแƒฆแƒแƒช แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ.


THE 14th edition of KOLGA TBILISI PHOTO Judging the 2015 Kolga Tbilisi Photo Award was a formidable task for the panel. There were nearly 600 entries in 6 categories to be considered, over 9000 photographs to be carefully reviwed. The high quality of the entries from all around the world spoke to the growing global reach of the Kolga Award. The range and depth of the entries showed us again the power of the photographic image that can move the viewer: elation, terror, sympathy, laughter, tears, sorrow, joy, to name a few. There were great tragedies and disasters, quiet moments of contemplation, vast beauty, delight in small things, even magical storytelling, sometimes all at once, all within the photographic frame. Russian photographer Valery Melnikovโ€™s powerful coverage of the war that swept over Luhansk in Eastern Ukraine has been awarded the prize for Reportage. His focus is not on the competing armies but on the tragedies of the civilians, as he calls them, the โ€˜third side,โ€™ caught in the middle as the conflict ravaged their land, destroying homes and lives. What set Melnikovโ€™s photos apart is a strange ethereal beauty to be seen in many of his photos that both expresses the tragedy before his eyes and transcends it. Nancy Newberryโ€™s series โ€œMUM,โ€ the winner in the Documentary category, shows us that an examination of โ€˜tribal ritualsโ€™ does not have to happen a world away, but can be done in oneโ€™s own home town, even literally in oneโ€™s own backyard. โ€œMUMโ€ is done in a particularly formal manner, a very well-made documentation of a cultural phenomenon specific to her Texas home. In spite of the formality of her photographic process, Newberry has allowed herself a warmth and humor that demonstrates her acceptance that she too is part of this tribe, not just an observer from a distant land. Conceptual Photography is by its nature a field wide open to the most disparate bodies of work. However, Wawrzyniec Kolbuszโ€™s work โ€œSacred Defenceโ€ stood out for its relevance to our media-saturated world, where

all of our information is heavily edited and filtered before we see it. Based on the presentations of the Iran-Iraq war of the 1980s, he examines how perception becomes reality and memory, even in the case of war reportage. In the same way that film stills from Eisensteinโ€™ film โ€œOctoberโ€ have routinely been taken for actual documentary images, Kolbusz presents images of war artificially created to justify a particular view that could be taken for the real thing. The sheer exuberance of AnSofie Kesteleynโ€™s leaping girl gave her the vote in the One Shot category. The joy in the childโ€™s face, the anticipation of her landing in her fatherโ€™s posture, the charming intimacy of the domestic scene all added to the delight of this photograph. To get it all in one shot, a setting, a narrative, a complete story all within one rectangle is quite a feat, and one accomplished with finesse by Kesteleyn. The cameras embedded within our mobile phones have become the instrument of near-universal image-making. Because of their ubiquity, it is intriguing to seek out fine photographs made with the gadget in everyoneโ€™s pocket. The constant improvement of the cameras have establiched them as serious instruments in their own right. Photographer Mattia Vaccaโ€™s Mobile Series made in the Prague Toy Museum stood out. His charming โ€“ and occasionally disturbing pictures transcend the usual โ€˜photos-in-a-museum.โ€™ In Vaccaโ€™s photographs, the toysโ€™ characters seem alive, very close and about to speak to us, and not always in a pleasant way. The Mobile One Shot category produced the most incredible array of images. The availability of effect filters to give a photo a certain look often made it difficult to decide between the image itself and the effect. That said, Ana Svanidzeโ€™s well-made black and white photograph of a helicopter in the mountainous winter sky, its blades frozen by the fast shutter into a star, had something special.

Jurors: Richard Bram, Brian Griffin, Tina Schelhorn, Dato Tskhadadze


แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒฏแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜

แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒกแƒ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ˜

winners แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ˜

แƒ”แƒœแƒกแƒแƒคแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ

one shot

ansofie kesteleyn Belgium

แƒ แƒ”แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒแƒŸแƒ˜

Reportage

แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒ˜

Valery Melnikov

แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒชแƒ”แƒžแƒขแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒ

Conceptual Photo

แƒ•แƒแƒ•แƒŸแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒช แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒ‘แƒฃแƒŸแƒ˜

wawrzyniec kolbusz

แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ

Documentary Series

แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜

แƒžแƒแƒšแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜

แƒœแƒ”แƒœแƒกแƒ˜ แƒœแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒจแƒจ

russia

poland

nancy newberry usa

แƒฏแƒ”แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ

geocell mobile photo series

แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒแƒ™แƒ

mattia vacca

แƒฏแƒ”แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒ

geocell mobile photo

แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ

แƒแƒœแƒ แƒกแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒซแƒ” แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ

BEST one shot

italy

ana svanidze georgia

แƒ”แƒœแƒกแƒแƒคแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ AnSofie Kesteleyn แƒ™แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒก แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒขแƒแƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜, แƒแƒจแƒจ Kiana Jumps on Her Dad, Maine, USA.



แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒกแƒ แƒ แƒ”แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒแƒŸแƒ˜

best reportage

แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ™แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ™แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅ แƒšแƒฃแƒฐแƒแƒœแƒกแƒ™แƒจแƒ˜ 2014 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒฃแƒš แƒ–แƒแƒคแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒฏแƒ”แƒ  แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ• แƒ›แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ, แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒขแƒแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒชแƒ“แƒ แƒฃแƒ™แƒ•แƒ” แƒฐแƒแƒ”แƒ แƒจแƒ˜ แƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ” แƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ. แƒกแƒ”แƒžแƒแƒ แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฃแƒ™แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ  แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜ แƒœแƒ”แƒš-แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ. แƒฃแƒ™แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ”แƒ—-แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒจแƒขแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒ แƒกแƒแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒชแƒ•แƒ. แƒ”แƒก แƒ–แƒแƒคแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒขแƒ แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ’แƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅ แƒšแƒฃแƒฐแƒแƒœแƒกแƒ™แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ. แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒชแƒ”แƒชแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒฌแƒงแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒจแƒ” แƒฃแƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒ. แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒฆแƒ” แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒกแƒ™แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒฆแƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ“แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ. แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒแƒ›แƒจแƒ˜, แƒกแƒฃแƒš แƒชแƒแƒขแƒ, แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ. แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒŸแƒฃแƒ แƒœแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ” แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ” โ€“ แƒฃแƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒšแƒ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒœ. แƒ™แƒแƒขแƒแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒแƒคแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒญแƒ แƒ. แƒ˜แƒกแƒ” แƒฉแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ, แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฅแƒแƒก แƒ”แƒก แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒฎแƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒจแƒ”, แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒคแƒ แƒแƒœแƒขแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒฎแƒ“แƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒแƒขแƒงแƒ“แƒแƒ— แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒก โ€“ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒœแƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ•แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜, แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ—แƒแƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒšแƒฃแƒฐแƒแƒœแƒกแƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ”แƒ’แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒฎแƒแƒœแƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒฉแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒฃแƒ™แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒขแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ•แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ˜. แƒ”แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒก แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒš แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒ›แƒ”แƒช 2014 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ–แƒแƒคแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒฎแƒ“แƒ˜.

Valery Melnikov Black Days of Ukraine I arrived in the Ukrainian city called Luhansk in the early summer of 2014 and it was then a peaceful town but the feeling of impending disaster was already in the air and every day, it was getting even stronger. The conflict between separatists and the official Ukrainian authorities gradually escalated into the war. Full-scale hostilities errupted in the south-east of Ukraine. This summer became the bloodiest time for the strategically important city of Luhansk. The locals had to survive without any water and electricity under the daily shelling. And each new day could have become their last. There are always at least two armed fighting sides in any war. For me, as a journalist, the most interesting side in this conflict was the third one โ€“ ordinary civil people. Disaster came into their lives unexpectedly. These people found themselves in the middle of the military confrontation against their will. They experienced the most terrible things: the death of their friends and relatives, destroyed houses and ruined lives of thousands of people. I stayed in the Luhansk region for more than a month documenting the dramatic recent events in Ukrainian history. This series of photos reflect the most awful events I witnessed in the summer of 2014.



แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒกแƒ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒชแƒ”แƒžแƒขแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜

Best conceptual photo project

แƒ•แƒแƒ•แƒŸแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒช แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒ‘แƒฃแƒŸแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒแƒชแƒ•แƒ โ€œแƒฌแƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒแƒชแƒ•แƒโ€, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช, แƒซแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ“, แƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒœ-แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒงแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ› แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ‘แƒก, แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ. แƒ˜แƒก แƒงแƒแƒšแƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒฎแƒแƒš, แƒแƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒ˜แƒคแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš, แƒกแƒแƒขแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒแƒขแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ แƒแƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜. แƒ”แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒฌแƒ›แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ, แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฅแƒแƒก แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ•แƒฃแƒงแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—. แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒก แƒ˜แƒšแƒฃแƒ–แƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—. แƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒฎแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ  แƒ˜แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ™แƒ แƒ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒจแƒ˜. แƒ›แƒฃแƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒจแƒ”แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ; แƒ›แƒฃแƒ–แƒ”แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒš แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒฃแƒ›แƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ”แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ—แƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ‘แƒแƒซแƒแƒ•แƒก; แƒแƒ›แƒ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ˜แƒ› แƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒ˜แƒ’แƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—; แƒ“แƒ แƒžแƒšแƒแƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ–แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜, แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ—แƒแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒ•แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ”แƒžแƒšแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒแƒช แƒกแƒฃแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“ แƒงแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒœ. แƒกแƒแƒขแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒขแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ แƒแƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒชแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒฎแƒแƒ แƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒœแƒ’แƒ แƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒฃแƒš, แƒžแƒแƒ แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒšแƒฃแƒ  แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ’แƒ•แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ–แƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ— แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ–แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ, แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒฃแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ“แƒแƒ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜. แƒแƒ•แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒš โ€œแƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒฃแƒ—แƒกโ€, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒแƒ แƒแƒกแƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ“แƒแƒ แƒ, แƒ แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒช แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒจ แƒกแƒ•แƒแƒ›แƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒฃแƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒก. Wawrzyniec Kolbusz Sacred Defence Sacred Defense, embedded mainly in the post-war reality of the Iraq-Iran war, is a story of producing artificial war images. It traces existing modes of construction of fake war narrations and creates a new, war-related simulation in digitally amended satellite images of nuclear sites. These images make us believe we see the war. We are looking at illusions, however. We see how the war simulacra are being created within different spaces. A permanent film-set, constructed only for the purpose of shooting war movies. Museums mimic the wartime reality in the smallest detail; with wax figures of particular martyrs; and plastic replicas of antipersonnel mines sold as souvenirs. Amended satellite images of Iranian nuclear sites show mutually exclusive, parallel versions of destruction, caused by a hypothetical Western strike. Buildings destroyed in some images stand intact in others. Author is producing โ€˜proofsโ€™ of an event that never happened, questioning the media discussion.



แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ Best documentary photo project แƒœแƒ”แƒœแƒกแƒ˜ แƒœแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒฅแƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒ”แƒ›แƒ

แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒ”แƒก-แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒฃแƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ˜แƒ. โ€œแƒฅแƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒ”แƒ›แƒโ€ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ˜ โ€žแƒ”แƒ–แƒแƒกโ€œ แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ›แƒ”แƒฎแƒกแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ—แƒ, แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ แƒ”แƒžแƒ แƒ”แƒ–แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒชแƒœแƒแƒฃแƒ  แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒฃแƒฆแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. โ€œThe Homecoming Mumโ€ (แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฆแƒแƒ›แƒแƒก แƒฌแƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒ•แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒšแƒ–แƒ” แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒ”แƒ›แƒ) แƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒชแƒ˜แƒคแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒกแƒแƒŸแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒช แƒ›แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒงแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒฉแƒฃแƒฅแƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒœ. แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ”แƒจแƒฃแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜, แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒงแƒ•แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ›แƒคแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒกแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ  แƒ แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒก. แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ, แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒแƒแƒ“ แƒฃแƒ™แƒ•แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒงแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒกแƒแƒซแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒ–แƒ” แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒœแƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒก. แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒœแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒกแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒแƒขแƒแƒ•แƒก. แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒชแƒ แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ” แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฏแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒก, แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒกแƒแƒŸแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก, แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฅแƒขแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒฎแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒชแƒ˜แƒคแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ  แƒ‘แƒ แƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒก. แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒžแƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ— แƒจแƒ—แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜, แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒœแƒ”แƒš-แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ˜. แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ’แƒšแƒ”. แƒแƒ› แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒฃแƒš แƒกแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ แƒกแƒžแƒแƒœแƒขแƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒจแƒ”แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒฃแƒš แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“ แƒ•แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘. แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ โ€žแƒ›แƒ”โ€œ-แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒก, แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก. แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ—แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒš แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒแƒœแƒ—แƒ แƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒชแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ โ€žแƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกโ€œ แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒงแƒแƒคแƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒแƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ แƒ แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒซแƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ•แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒฃแƒกแƒ˜แƒขแƒงแƒ•แƒ แƒ—แƒฎแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒ”แƒœ.

Nancy Newberry MUM Customs are vital in defining all cultures. โ€œMumโ€ is survey of my own back yard exploring themes of memory, relationships, self-representation and strange rituals of the everyday. Artificial, shiny and virtually unknown outside of Texas, the Homecoming Mum is an elaborate corsage, exchanged between friends and lovers. The Mum consists of a large silk flower decorated with long glittery ribbons and other trinkets, which indicate the wearerโ€™s interests, social standing, and allegiances to friends. They are ritually worn, collected and subsequently immortalized, tacked to bedroom walls as trophies. Each year the collection grows with a more elaborate Mum, marking progress and personal history. At a time when many American high schoolers seem purposefully disengaged from the world around them, the Mum constitutes both a unique act of cultural immersion and a specific brand of folk art. Shot slowly and inspired by an interpretation of my memories, I have limited the settings of the photographs to in and around the subjectโ€™s homes. In this very personal space, I pair spontaneous and carefully arranged moments; my interest is in the relationship between self and culture, the real and the perceived. With the extravagance of adornment and insignia the work continues to explore ceremony and commonplace. Human existence is a creative act; the mystery is in how we are driven to innovate and engage the unspoken narrative of ourselves.



แƒฏแƒ”แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒ : แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒกแƒ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ˜

Geocell mobile photo: best one shot

แƒแƒœแƒ แƒกแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒซแƒ” Ana Svanidze แƒ“แƒแƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ“ To the Rescue


แƒฏแƒ”แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒ : แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒกแƒ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ

geocell mobile photo: Best photo series

แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒแƒ™แƒ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒฆแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒจแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฃแƒ–แƒ”แƒฃแƒ›แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒฆแƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒจแƒ™แƒจแƒ˜, แƒแƒฅแƒ แƒแƒก แƒฅแƒฃแƒฉแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ“, แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒชแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒžแƒ แƒแƒฆแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒจแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฃแƒ–แƒ”แƒฃแƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒแƒ› แƒขแƒ˜แƒžแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฃแƒ–แƒ”แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒ”แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ“ แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. Mattia Vacca Prague Toys Museum Situated in the Old Countโ€™s Chambers of Prague Castle, in the vicinity of the Golden Lane, the Prague Toy Museum is said to be the second largest museum of this kind in the world.


แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜

SHORTLIST

แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ˜ One shot

แƒแƒœแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ’แƒฃแƒแƒซแƒ” แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ Anna Goguadze Georgia

แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒ แƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ™แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ Daro Sulakauri Georgia

แƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒขแƒแƒœแƒ แƒคแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ Gaetano Fisicaro Italy

แƒ˜แƒแƒ–แƒ”แƒ‘ แƒ™แƒฃแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒฉแƒ”แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒฉแƒ”แƒฎแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ Josef Kubicek Czech Republic

แƒœแƒ”แƒœแƒกแƒ˜ แƒœแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒจแƒจ Nancy Newberry US

แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒขแƒแƒจแƒ” แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ Adrien Tache France

แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ— แƒšแƒ”แƒŸแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ David Lezhava Georgia

แƒฏแƒแƒœแƒšแƒฃแƒ™แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ Gianluca Gamberini France

แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒœ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒšแƒฃแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒœแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ Karine Versluis Netherlands

แƒœแƒแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ Natan Dvir Israel

แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒซแƒ” แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ Alexander Gogiberidze Georgia

แƒ“แƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ แƒ” แƒ“แƒแƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ Demetre Datiashvili Georgia

แƒ’แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒ˜แƒซแƒ” แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ Giorgi Dekanoidze Georgia

แƒฅแƒกแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ Ksenia Yurkova Russia

แƒžแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒš แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ Pavel Volkov Russia

แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒ แƒ“แƒ” แƒคแƒ แƒแƒœแƒชแƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒ˜แƒก

แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ Andrea de Franciscis Italy

แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ” แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ Didier Bizet France

แƒฏแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ Giovanni Cocco Italy

แƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฐแƒแƒš แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒฃแƒœแƒ˜ แƒแƒจแƒจ Leslie Hall Brown US

แƒ–แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒ” แƒ‘แƒฃแƒœแƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒขแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ Sabine Bungert Germany

แƒ”แƒœแƒกแƒแƒคแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ AnSofie Kesteleyn Belgium

แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ™แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ Elena Kholkina Russia

แƒ˜แƒœแƒ–แƒ แƒฐแƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒจแƒขแƒ”แƒคแƒแƒœ แƒคแƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ Insa and Stefan Hagemann Germany

แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ™แƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒšแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ Marcin Gorski Poland

แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒœแƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ Serena De Sanctis Italy

แƒแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒ“ แƒจแƒฃแƒšแƒชแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒคแƒ Astrid Schulz UK

แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒ” แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ Elene Ramishvili Georgia

แƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ™แƒšแƒ˜ แƒจแƒแƒ แƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒซแƒ” แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ Irakli Sharashidze Georgia

แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ™ แƒ“แƒแƒคแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒคแƒ Mark Duffy UK

แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ Sergey Ponomarev Russia

แƒฅแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒขแƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒแƒจแƒจ Carrie Tomberlin US

แƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒฅ แƒšแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ–แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ Emeric Lhuisset France

แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ–แƒ˜แƒฎแƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒกแƒ™แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ Jan Zychlinski Switzerland

แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒœ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ Martin Gerner Germany

แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ Sergi Barisashvili Georgia

แƒฅแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒค แƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ Christophe Viseux France

แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™ แƒขแƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒแƒจแƒจ Eric Tomberlin USA

แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ แƒคแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ Jordi Perdigo Finland

แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒœ แƒ™แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ Martin Kosa Germany

แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ“แƒฐแƒแƒ แƒ— แƒฏแƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ Siddharth Jain India

แƒฅแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒแƒšแƒ“แƒ”แƒฃแƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒžแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ Cristina Aldehuela Spain

แƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒžแƒ” แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒฃแƒ’แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ Filipe Bianchi Portugal

แƒฎแƒแƒกแƒ” แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ Jose Tercero Mexico

แƒ›แƒ”แƒกแƒ”แƒ˜ แƒจแƒแƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒแƒจแƒจ Messay Shoakena US

แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ” แƒ™แƒ แƒ”แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒชแƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ Simone Crescenzo Italy


แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒชแƒ”แƒžแƒขแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ Conceptual แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ แƒ˜แƒ“ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ Sigrid Ehemann Germany

แƒแƒ’แƒœแƒ˜แƒ”แƒจแƒ™แƒ แƒ•แƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒšแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ Agnieszka Wasik Poland

แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ”แƒšแƒ” แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ Emanuele Camerini Italy

แƒฏแƒ แƒคแƒ˜แƒจแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ Jo Fischer Germany

แƒฅแƒ”แƒ—แƒ แƒฆแƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒคแƒแƒซแƒ” แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ Qeta Gvinepadze Georgia

แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒœแƒ’แƒ แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ Simon Moricz Hungary

แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ Alison McCauley Switzerland

แƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒฅ แƒšแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ–แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ Emeric Lhuisset France

แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒ แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒžแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ Jordi Pizarro Spain

แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™ แƒžแƒฃแƒจแƒ˜แƒœแƒกแƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒคแƒ Rick Pushinsky UK

แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒแƒœแƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ Simona Bonanno Italy

แƒแƒœแƒ” แƒ™แƒแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒœ แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ Anne Kathrin Greiner Germany

แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™ แƒขแƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒแƒจแƒจ Eric Tomberlin USA

แƒฎแƒแƒกแƒ” แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ Jose Tercero Mexico

แƒ–แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒ” แƒ‘แƒฃแƒœแƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒขแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ Sabine Bungert Germany

แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒคแƒแƒœแƒ แƒกแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ Stefano Schirato Italy

แƒแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒ“ แƒจแƒฃแƒšแƒชแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒคแƒ Astrid Schulz UK

แƒคแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒฅแƒก แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒขแƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ Felix Gaertner Germany

แƒ“แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒข แƒฐแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ Dagobert Hartmann Germany

แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒ“แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒœแƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ Serena De Sanctis Italy

แƒขแƒแƒ˜แƒ  แƒ˜แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒฃแƒ แƒฅแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ Tahir Un Turkey

แƒฅแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒค แƒคแƒ แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒ” แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒœแƒแƒ˜แƒ Christoph Franke Germany

แƒคแƒ แƒแƒœแƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒกแƒ˜ แƒแƒจแƒจ Francisco Diaz USA

แƒ™แƒแƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ Kajsa Gullberg Denmark

แƒกแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒ™แƒ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ Sirio Magnabosco Germany

แƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒ Thomas Schell Austria

แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ Dario Bosio Italy

แƒ’แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ  แƒ™แƒแƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ’แƒ แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ Gabor Kasza Hungary

แƒ™แƒœแƒฃแƒข แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒคแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ’ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ Knut Wolfgang Maron Germany

แƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒ Thomas Schell Austria

แƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒจ แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒšแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ Tomasz Lazar Poland

แƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ Desislava Nikolova Bulgaria

แƒฏแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒš แƒกแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ Giovanna del Sarto Italy

แƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฐแƒแƒš แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒฃแƒœแƒ˜ แƒแƒจแƒจ Leslie Hall Brown US

แƒ•แƒแƒ•แƒŸแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒช แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒ‘แƒฃแƒŸแƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒšแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ Wawrzyniec Kolbusz Poland

แƒขแƒแƒ แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒœ แƒจแƒฃแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ Torsten Schumann Germany

แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒฏแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒšแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ Eddie Gerald Israel

แƒฏแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ Giovanni Cocco Italy

แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒแƒœแƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒชแƒฃ แƒ˜แƒแƒžแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ Motonori Shimizu Japan

แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒค แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ Wolf Boewig Germany

แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ™แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ Elena Kholkina Russia

แƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ™แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ Irakli Sabekia Georgia

แƒœแƒ”แƒœแƒกแƒ˜ แƒœแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒจแƒจ Nancy Newberry US

แƒŸแƒแƒšแƒข แƒแƒšแƒแƒค แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒœแƒ’แƒ แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ Zsolt Olaf Szamody Hungary


แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜

Documentary

แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒœ แƒขแƒแƒจแƒ” แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ Adrien Tache France

แƒ’แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ” แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ Gabriele Micalizzi Italy

แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ’ แƒ’แƒšแƒ”แƒจแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ Joerg Glaescher Germany

แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ Sergey Ponomarev Russia

แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒฏแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒšแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ Eddie Gerald Israel

แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ Alex Masi Italy

แƒฏแƒแƒœแƒšแƒฃแƒ™แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒขแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ Gianluca Micheletti Italy

แƒŸแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒฃแƒ แƒŸแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ Julie Bourges France

แƒขแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒฃแƒ’แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ Tommaso Rada Portugal

แƒคแƒแƒฃแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒžแƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ Fausto Podavini Italy

แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒก แƒžแƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒจแƒจ Alex Potter USA

แƒฏแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒš แƒกแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ Giovanna del Sarto Italy

แƒšแƒฃแƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ–แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ Louisa Marie Summer Germany

แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ Valery Melnikov Russia

แƒคแƒšแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ Florian Mueller Germany

แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒ แƒ“แƒ” แƒคแƒ แƒแƒœแƒชแƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ Andrea de Franciscis Italy

แƒฏแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ Giovanni Cocco Italy

แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒฃแƒœแƒ’แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ Matthias Jung Germany

แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒชแƒ แƒžแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ Vincenzo Pagliuca Italy

แƒ’แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ” แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ Gabriele Micalizzi Italy

แƒ”แƒœแƒกแƒแƒคแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ AnSofie Kesteleyn Belgium

แƒฏแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ

แƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ  แƒแƒœแƒขแƒแƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒ“แƒ

Giulio Di Sturco Italy

แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฐแƒแƒ”แƒš แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ Michael Danner Germany

แƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒขแƒแƒœแƒ แƒคแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ Gaetano Fisicaro Italy

แƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒคแƒ˜แƒœ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ Delphine Bedel France

แƒฐแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒก แƒ˜แƒฃแƒœแƒ’แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ Hannes Jung Germany

แƒœแƒ”แƒœแƒกแƒ˜ แƒœแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒคแƒ Nancy Newberry UK

แƒ แƒ”แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒแƒŸแƒ˜ reportage

แƒฏแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ Giovanni Cocco Italy

แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ แƒขแƒ” แƒ™แƒแƒฃแƒคแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ Birte Kaufmann Germany

แƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒœ แƒขแƒ˜แƒฎแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ™แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ Ivan Tykhy Ukraine

แƒœแƒแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ Natan Dvir Israel

แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ Alex Masi Italy

แƒฐแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒก แƒ˜แƒฃแƒœแƒ’แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ Hannes Jung Germany

แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ”แƒš แƒ“แƒฃแƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒคแƒ Daniel Dubowitz UK

แƒฏแƒ”แƒ˜ แƒฐแƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒ”แƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒจแƒจ J Henry Fair USA

แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒš แƒกแƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒžแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ Oriol Segon Torra Spain

แƒแƒœแƒ แƒกแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒซแƒ” แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ Ana Svanidze Georgia

แƒ˜แƒœแƒ–แƒ แƒฐแƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒจแƒขแƒ”แƒคแƒแƒœ แƒคแƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ Insa Hagemann and Stefan Finger Germany

แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒœ แƒฐแƒแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ’แƒ˜แƒ Elin Hoyland Norway

แƒ˜แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ‘ แƒจแƒœแƒ”แƒชแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ Jakob Schnetz Germany

แƒžแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒš แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ Pavel Volkov Russia

แƒฅแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒœแƒ”แƒ  แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ Christian Werner Germany

แƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ’ แƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒกแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ Irving Villegas Germany

แƒคแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒฅแƒก แƒคแƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ  แƒแƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜

แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒฃแƒคแƒ”แƒšแƒ–แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ Jan Duefelsiek Germany

แƒกแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒฐแƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ Sandra Hoyn Germany

แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“ แƒ™แƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ David Klammer Germany

แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ แƒคแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ Jordi Perdigo Finland

แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ Felix von der Osten Germany

Vladimir Antaki Canada


แƒ™แƒจแƒ˜แƒจแƒขแƒแƒค แƒ แƒแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒšแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ Krzysztof Racon Poland

แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒฏแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒšแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ Eddie Gerald Israel

แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ” แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ Didier Bizet France

แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒœ แƒ™แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ Martin Kosa Germany

แƒขแƒแƒ›แƒแƒจ แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒšแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ Tomasz Lazar Poland

แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ Manuela Doerr Germany

แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ™แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ Elena Kholkina Russia

แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒฏแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒšแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ Eddie Gerald Israel

แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒ™แƒ แƒฏแƒแƒแƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ Mamuka Jaoshvili Georgia

แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ Valery Melnikov Russia

แƒžแƒแƒแƒšแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ Paolo Marchetti Italy

แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ Valery Melnikov Russia

แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ“ แƒ›แƒ”แƒซแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ Elisabed Medzmariashvili Georgia

แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ แƒจแƒžแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ Marco Spinner Germany

แƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ  แƒแƒœแƒขแƒแƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒ“แƒ Vladimir Antaki Canada

แƒžแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒš แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ Pavel Volkov Russia

แƒŸแƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒจแƒ”แƒš แƒ•แƒแƒŸแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ Jean Michel Voge France

แƒคแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒฅแƒก แƒคแƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ  แƒแƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ Felix von der Osten Germany

แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒแƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ Mattia Vacca Italy

แƒ•แƒแƒฃแƒขแƒ”แƒ  แƒ•แƒแƒœ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒœแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ Wouter Van Vaerenbergh Belgium

แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ แƒขแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒฃแƒ™แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ Gera Artemova Ukraine

แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฉแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒžแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ Michiko Makino Japan

แƒกแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒฐแƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ Sandra Hoyn Germany

แƒฏแƒ”แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒ geocell mobile photo

แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒ“แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒœแƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ Serena De Sanctis Italy

แƒแƒœแƒ แƒกแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒซแƒ” แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ Ana Svanidze Georgia

แƒ˜แƒแƒแƒฐแƒ˜แƒ› แƒฐแƒ˜แƒšแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ Joachim Hildebrand Germany

แƒœแƒแƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ‘แƒฃแƒ แƒ“แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ Natalia Burduli Georgia

แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ Sergey Ponomarev Russia

แƒแƒœแƒ” แƒ™แƒแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ Anne Kathrin Germany

แƒ˜แƒแƒ–แƒ”แƒค แƒ™แƒฃแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒฉแƒ”แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒฉแƒ”แƒฎแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ Josef Kubicek Czech Republic

แƒœแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒŸแƒ“แƒ แƒžแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ Nadezhda Pavlova Bulgaria

แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒคแƒแƒœแƒ แƒกแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ Stefano Schirato Italy

แƒฅแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ  แƒ‘แƒฃแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ Christopher Booth Germany

แƒฅแƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒญแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ Ketevan Machavariani Georgia

แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฉแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒžแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ Michiko Makino Japan

แƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒ Thomas Schell Austria

แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒ แƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ™แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ Daro Sulakauri Georgia

แƒฎแƒแƒจแƒแƒ˜แƒแƒ  แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒคแƒ” แƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒœแƒ˜ Khashayar Sharifaee Iran

แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒแƒœแƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ Simona Bonanno Italy

แƒขแƒแƒ›แƒแƒจ แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒšแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ Tomasz Lazar Poland

แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“ แƒ™แƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ David Klammer Germany

แƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฐแƒแƒš แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒฃแƒœแƒ˜ แƒแƒจแƒจ Leslie Hall Brown USA

แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ Sergi Barisashvili Georgia


แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ˜

ONE SHOT

แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒ แƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ™แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ Daro Sulakauri แƒกแƒ˜แƒงแƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ›แƒ”แƒ•แƒ, แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒ แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒจแƒ˜ Deprived of Adolescence, Early Marriages in Georgia.



แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒœ แƒขแƒแƒจแƒ” Adrien Tache แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฏแƒ’แƒฃแƒคแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒจแƒ˜ Children Group in Mali แƒขแƒ™แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒจแƒšแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒแƒจแƒ˜ Sweet Madness in Guinea


แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒคแƒแƒœแƒ แƒกแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒขแƒ Stefano Schirato แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ โ€žแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒœ, แƒ˜แƒœแƒจแƒแƒšแƒแƒฐโ€œ From the series โ€œRadan, Inshallahโ€ แƒขแƒแƒ แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒœ แƒจแƒฃแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜ Torsten Schumann แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ” Remember Me


แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒซแƒ” Alexander Gogiberidze แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ Visitor

แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒ แƒ“แƒ” แƒคแƒ แƒแƒœแƒชแƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ Andrea de Franciscis แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ•แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ A Pathbreaking Move

แƒแƒœแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ’แƒฃแƒแƒซแƒ” Anna Goguadze แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ โ€œแƒ›แƒ” โ€“ แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒโ€œ From the series โ€œMe โ€“ Aniaโ€


แƒฅแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™ แƒขแƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ Carrie and Eric Tomberlin แƒ“แƒแƒขแƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ’แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒแƒ แƒฎแƒแƒœแƒ, แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒšแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ Flooded Brick Factory, Bangladesh

แƒฅแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒค แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ Christophe Viseux แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ Cruising in Colombia


แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ— แƒšแƒ”แƒŸแƒแƒ•แƒ David Lezhava แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜ The Kid

แƒฏแƒแƒœแƒšแƒฃแƒ™แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ Gianluca Gamberini แƒขแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒœแƒ Tommasino


แƒ“แƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ แƒ” แƒ“แƒแƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ Demetre Datiashvili

โ€ž-แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒช แƒ—แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒชแƒแƒ“แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ, แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒกแƒ แƒแƒšแƒแƒก แƒขแƒแƒ‘แƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜.โ€œ โ€œโ€“ Let the one among you who is without sin be the first to cast a stool.โ€

แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ โ€œแƒแƒคแƒฎแƒแƒ–แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜โ€ From the series โ€œAbkhaziaโ€


แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒœ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ Martin Gerner แƒžแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒแƒ -แƒ˜-แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒคแƒจแƒ˜/แƒแƒ•แƒฆแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ โ€“ แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒกแƒแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ  แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ Pool Billiard Mazar-i-Sharif/Afghanistan โ€“ Daily Life in War

แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒœ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ Martin Gerner

แƒแƒ•แƒฆแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—-แƒžแƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒฎแƒ‘แƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒฉแƒ˜ โ€“ แƒฅแƒแƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒ—แƒฎแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ Afghanistan Plays Pakistan in Football โ€“ Kabul under High Security Tension

แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒœ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒšแƒฃแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ Karine Versluis แƒžแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ‘แƒ, แƒกแƒขแƒแƒžแƒฐแƒแƒ แƒกแƒขแƒ˜ Preparing the Bread, Staphorst


แƒžแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒš แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ Pavel Volkov แƒ™แƒแƒ–แƒแƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒ“แƒœแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ. แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜, แƒฃแƒ™แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ A Cossack from Maidan. Kiev, Ukraine.

แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ Jordi Perdigo แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ–แƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒแƒ แƒ˜ Inside Yazdโ€™s Bazaar

แƒ˜แƒœแƒ–แƒ แƒฐแƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒจแƒขแƒ”แƒคแƒแƒœ แƒคแƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ Insa Hagemann and Stefan Finger แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒจแƒแƒฃ Weddingshow


แƒ˜แƒแƒ–แƒ”แƒค แƒ™แƒฃแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒฉแƒ”แƒ™แƒ˜ Josef Kubicek แƒ“แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ Mother and Daughter

แƒ แƒแƒช แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ, แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ Like Father, Like Son


แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ™แƒ˜ Marcin Gorski แƒฃแƒกแƒแƒ—แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ Untitled

แƒขแƒแƒ˜แƒ  แƒ˜แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜ Tahir Un แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ Farewell แƒฃแƒกแƒแƒ—แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ Untitled


แƒœแƒแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜ Natan Dvir แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒœแƒ“ แƒกแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ แƒแƒšแƒ˜ Grand Central

แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒแƒœแƒ Simona Bonanno แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒขแƒ–แƒ” #2 Aboard #2

แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ” แƒ™แƒ แƒ”แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒชแƒ Simone Crescenzo แƒฉแƒแƒงแƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ—แƒ•แƒ The Dive

แƒ›แƒ”แƒกแƒ”แƒ˜ แƒจแƒแƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒœแƒ Messay Shoakena J Bar W Ranch, แƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒ˜, แƒแƒจแƒจ J Bar W Ranch, Maryland, USA



แƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฐแƒแƒš แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒฃแƒœแƒ˜ Leslie Hall Brown

แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ Time Travel

แƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฐแƒแƒš แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒฃแƒœแƒ˜ Leslie Hall Brown

แƒขแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒฎแƒ˜ The Display

แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ–แƒ˜แƒฎแƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒกแƒ™แƒ˜ Jan Zychlinski

แƒ™แƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ The Wall

แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ–แƒ˜แƒฎแƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒกแƒ™แƒ˜ Jan Zychlinski

แƒฃแƒกแƒแƒ—แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ Untitled


แƒฎแƒแƒกแƒ” แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ Jose Tercero

แƒžแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ Pilgrims

แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ“แƒฐแƒแƒ แƒ— แƒฏแƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ Siddharth Jain

แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒ“แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒœแƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ Serena De Sanctis

แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ Monia

แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ Sergi Barisashvili

แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒก แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒก แƒšแƒฃแƒ“แƒฐแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒžแƒ”แƒœแƒฏแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ Women Working Early Morning in Ludhiana, Punjab, India

แƒขแƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ Tannery Workers


แƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒฅ แƒšแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ–แƒ” Emeric Lhuisset แƒกแƒฃแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ Souvenirs de Syrie


แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒ” แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ Elene Ramishvili แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ High State of Soul

แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ” แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ” Didier Bizet แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ โ€žแƒ˜แƒแƒ› แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒšแƒแƒ˜แƒ›โ€œ From the series โ€œYom Yeroushalayimโ€


แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ” แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ” Didier Bizet แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒแƒ™แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ’แƒ แƒ, 2014 The Phantom of the Monastery of Moraca, Montenegro 2014

แƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒžแƒ” แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒ˜ Filipe Bianchi แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ Reading

แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ™แƒ˜แƒœแƒ Elena Kholkina แƒ‘แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ Dark Matters


แƒฅแƒกแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒ Ksenia Yurkova แƒฃแƒกแƒแƒ—แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ Untitled

แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ Sergey Ponomarev แƒ›แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— Goodbye

แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ Sergey Ponomarev แƒซแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ Brothers


แƒฏแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ™แƒ Giovanni Cocco แƒ›แƒซแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒ แƒขแƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒจแƒ˜ Toiling Tunisia

แƒฏแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ™แƒ Giovanni Cocco แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ Forgotten Memories

แƒ’แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒ˜แƒซแƒ” Giorgi Dekanoidze แƒกแƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ” Mirror


แƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ™แƒšแƒ˜ แƒจแƒแƒ แƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒซแƒ” Irakli Sharashidze แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ˜แƒ“แƒฃแƒ›แƒšแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒ”แƒแƒขแƒ แƒจแƒ˜ A Big Secret Place in Theater

แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒœ แƒ™แƒแƒ–แƒ Martin Kosa แƒกแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ Out of the Dark

แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ แƒ˜แƒ“ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜ Sigrid Ehemann แƒฃแƒกแƒแƒ—แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ Untitled


แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒช แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ Simon Moricz Sabjan แƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒœแƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’ Internet Tax Protests

แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒช แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ Simon Moricz Sabjan แƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ Cheerleaders

แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒช แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ Simon Moricz Sabjan

แƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒขแƒแƒœแƒ แƒคแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ Gaetano Fisicaro

แƒฃแƒœแƒ’แƒ แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒฎแƒ‘แƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒ แƒšแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ Hungarian Football League

แƒฌแƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ Immaculate



แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ™ แƒ“แƒแƒคแƒ˜ Mark Duffy แƒžแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜, แƒขแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒœแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ˜ Policeman, Tiananmen Square


แƒ–แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒ” แƒ‘แƒฃแƒœแƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒขแƒ˜ Sabine Bungert

แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒฆแƒ” แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ–แƒ” A Day on the Beach

แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™ แƒขแƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ Eric Tomberlin

แƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ Thomas Schell แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ Urbanely

แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒขแƒ™แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ—แƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒฆแƒ˜ Garden of Earthly Delights


แƒขแƒแƒ›แƒแƒจ แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ แƒ˜ Tomasz Lazar แƒ’แƒ˜แƒœแƒซแƒ Ginza

แƒขแƒแƒ›แƒแƒจ แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ แƒ˜ Tomasz Lazar

แƒขแƒแƒ›แƒแƒจ แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ แƒ˜ Tomasz Lazar

แƒฐแƒแƒ แƒแƒซแƒฃแƒ™แƒฃแƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ Harajuku Faces

แƒชแƒแƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜ Sin City



แƒฅแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒแƒšแƒ“แƒ”แƒฐแƒฃแƒ”แƒšแƒ Cristina Aldehuela แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒฆแƒ” แƒ–แƒแƒคแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒแƒฅแƒแƒจแƒ˜ One Day in the Summer in Baku

แƒ”แƒœแƒกแƒแƒคแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ AnSofie Kesteleyn แƒกแƒ˜แƒชแƒฎแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒ—แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒชแƒ˜, แƒœแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ Burning Man, Nevada

แƒแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒ“ แƒจแƒฃแƒšแƒชแƒ˜ Astrid Schulz

แƒฎแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒšแƒจแƒ˜ 2 Woodwork in Senegal 2


แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒชแƒ”แƒžแƒขแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜

Conceptual


แƒแƒ’แƒœแƒ˜แƒ”แƒจแƒ™แƒ แƒ•แƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ›แƒ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒจแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’ แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒแƒฃแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜: แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒก แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒ แƒคแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒก, แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒช แƒแƒคแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘. แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒ—, แƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒชแƒแƒ“แƒ”, แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒชแƒ•แƒ”แƒš แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ˜. แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒแƒญแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒซแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ  แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ แƒฆแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ“แƒ, แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒžแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒš แƒ“แƒแƒซแƒแƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒก. แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ‘แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒ แƒแƒ’แƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒกแƒแƒช แƒจแƒ”แƒฃแƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒก. แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒกแƒ แƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก. แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒแƒ“ แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒคแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒก แƒกแƒฃแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ— แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒฅแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ–แƒ” แƒ–แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. Agnieszka Wasik Above the Reality In this project I assumed that despite the fact that photography exists in our world in logical and physical way, it lets us broaden our mind and experience metaphysical. Creating this series, I endeavored to observe the surrounding reality as a spectator. I cut off single parts of it without interfering their basic state. I looked for relations between elements in reality, which make some kind of tension between each other. Ordinary objects, fragments of nature which interaction could make surrealistic sense. In my opinion, medium of photography is a perfect way to present the idea of surrealism. What fascinates me the most is a possibility of influence on receiverโ€™s subconscious by connecting laws of physics with subjective outlook of the world seen by an artist.



แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ˜ แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ’แƒแƒœ, แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒฅแƒแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒ” โ€žแƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ’แƒแƒœ, แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒฅแƒแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒโ€œ แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ 2008 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ”. แƒ”แƒก แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ. แƒ•แƒ”แƒชแƒแƒ“แƒ” แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒฃแƒกแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒชแƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ˜แƒฅ, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ›แƒงแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒแƒ  แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒงแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ•แƒœแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒ“แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒœ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ. แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒชแƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ แƒแƒกแƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฅแƒแƒก แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒฆแƒแƒช แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒก, แƒแƒ  แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒแƒกแƒ” แƒ˜แƒงแƒแƒก. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒชแƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒก, แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒฆแƒแƒ แƒช แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ˜. แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ”แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒ, แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒฌแƒงแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒแƒ  แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ, แƒ•แƒคแƒ˜แƒฅแƒ แƒแƒ‘, แƒแƒ แƒช แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜. แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ”แƒคแƒฃแƒซแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ”แƒก แƒกแƒฃแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒฆแƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒ”แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ. แƒ”แƒก แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒแƒฃแƒกแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ˜, แƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒก แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ. Alison McCauley Anywhere but Here I began working on โ€œAnywhere but hereโ€ in 2008. Itโ€™s a series that has grown very slowly and quite organically. The images attempt to express the restless feeling that the place Iโ€™m in isnโ€™t where I should be and that the next location will be better. As someone who has always moved around, I am very interested in the idea of belonging to a country or a community. This is a feeling that Iโ€™ve never had and, although I feel like Iโ€™m supposed belong somewhere, I donโ€™t want to. If I had this feeling of belonging, I wouldnโ€™t have a reason to keep wondering about it. The geographical and temporal reference points in the photographs are blurred because the work isnโ€™t about the location or time, but about a state-ofmind. Thereโ€™s no real beginning and I donโ€™t think there will be an end. The work comes from reality, but itโ€™s a reality thatโ€™s distorted by subjectivity. Itโ€™s an expression of my state of mind during these, restless off-moments.



แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒ แƒžแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒฌแƒงแƒ•แƒ˜แƒขแƒ”, แƒžแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ—แƒแƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒซแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒญแƒ“แƒ แƒคแƒ˜แƒ แƒ–แƒ”. แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒœแƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒคแƒแƒฏแƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒก โ€žแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒœแƒ“ แƒ’แƒ”แƒขแƒแƒกโ€œ แƒ•แƒ”แƒฌแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ”, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜. แƒ˜แƒฅ แƒงแƒแƒคแƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒก, แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒ˜แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒคแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ  แƒ›แƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ. โ€žแƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒแƒ  แƒ•แƒแƒ , แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒงแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒฃแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒแƒ ,โ€œ โ€“ แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒฎแƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ‘แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒซแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒกแƒแƒช แƒ•แƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ˜, แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ™แƒ›แƒแƒงแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ”แƒ–แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ”แƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒขแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒก โ€žแƒแƒฆแƒ—แƒฅแƒ›แƒฃแƒš แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฌแƒแƒ–แƒ”โ€œ แƒ“แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒก แƒคแƒ”แƒฎแƒ˜, แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ  แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒแƒ› แƒฃแƒ›แƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒญแƒ“แƒ แƒคแƒ˜แƒ แƒ–แƒ”. แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ›แƒแƒช, แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒฌแƒงแƒ•แƒ˜แƒขแƒ”, แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒจแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ—แƒฎแƒ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒแƒ› แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒคแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ  แƒจแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒงแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒฃแƒžแƒแƒกแƒฃแƒฎแƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒ”แƒขแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒ. แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ›แƒแƒช แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒฌแƒงแƒ•แƒ˜แƒขแƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒแƒขแƒแƒ“ แƒแƒ  แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒฆแƒ˜แƒ แƒœแƒแƒ แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ. Dario Bosio On the Identity of a Tomato Picker I went to โ€œGrand Ghettoโ€, a cluster of precarious shelters in the countryside near Foggia, Italy, with the intention of documenting the harsh living conditions of the thousands of African immigrants that work in the fields of Puglia picking tomatoes. While there, I was confronted by the workers about my right of shooting my pictures. โ€˜I am not what I look like, I am better than thisโ€™ was the key concept of these long chats I had with them while trying to understand their reluctance. After leaving their life behind to reach the โ€˜promised landโ€™ Europe, the workers did not accept to be portrayed in those miserable conditions. For this reason, I decided to work cooperatively with them with the intention of telling a story in a way that would respect these peopleโ€™s right to self-represent themselves, leaving some questions open. I did not want to exploit their appearance again, but rather create an open narrative about their struggle.



แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒฏแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒšแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒฌแƒ˜แƒคแƒ แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒฏแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒšแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒชแƒ”แƒžแƒขแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜, แƒจแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฎแƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ แƒกแƒก แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ›แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒฃแƒš แƒจแƒ—แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒญแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. Eddie Gerald A Jewish State Eddie Geraldโ€™s conceptual series offers insight into the complex contradictions of Israeli society. By combining a variety of everyday scenes and transforming them into photographic impressions, he uses the images as a means to pursue the question of the countryโ€™s identity.



แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ™แƒ˜แƒœแƒ Vobortens 2015 แƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒ”แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒแƒ แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒขแƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒ™แƒ•แƒ” แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ’แƒœแƒ˜แƒก/แƒกแƒ˜แƒขแƒงแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก/ แƒ™แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒซแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒ˜แƒงแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒงแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ•แƒแƒช แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒฃ แƒแƒ แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒœแƒก แƒ”แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ? Vobortens โ€“ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒแƒžแƒแƒ™แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒคแƒกแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒœแƒแƒกแƒขแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ, แƒแƒ แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒขแƒงแƒ•แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช โ€œแƒ”แƒ แƒฃแƒ“แƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜แƒกโ€ (โ€œแƒกแƒฅแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒกโ€ แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ) แƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒก. Elena Kholkina Vobortens 2015 Finding new rules for an old game. Making up non-existing words and finding meanings for them. Looking for something in between the already existing things/words/categories. Everything is there to sell and to be sold. Is there anything in between that serves another goal? Vobortens โ€“ an imaginary time category that exists between the Apocalypse and the Nostalgia, a non-existing word made up while playing Erudite (Russian variant of Scrabble).



แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ”แƒšแƒ” แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ” แƒฆแƒแƒ›แƒ” แƒฉแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒšแƒ”แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœ แƒ แƒแƒšแƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒจแƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜. แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒกแƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ“, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ•แƒ”แƒ  แƒฎแƒกแƒœแƒ˜แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ. แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜ แƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒกแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒžแƒ˜-แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒšแƒ”แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒก แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒฃแƒœแƒซแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ”, แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒฅแƒแƒช แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒšแƒแƒช, แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒ—, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒช แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ›แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒ”แƒฎแƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ˜แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ, แƒกแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒžแƒ˜-แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœ. แƒแƒฅ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒฎแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒงแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒจแƒ˜แƒจแƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ; แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒจแƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒจแƒแƒ แƒก, แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒจแƒ˜แƒœ แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“ แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ–แƒ”. แƒšแƒ”แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ“, แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒฌแƒแƒ“แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒฎแƒ”แƒš, แƒ›แƒ”แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ” แƒฆแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒก, แƒกแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒžแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒฃแƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒ— แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒซแƒแƒ แƒชแƒ•แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒชแƒœแƒ”แƒœ. แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒšแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒแƒœ แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฆแƒแƒ›แƒ” แƒชแƒ”แƒ™แƒ•แƒแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒฆแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒแƒœ. Emanuele Camerini The Twelfth Night In Nordic countries, legends and myth have always played a crucial role in the society. They have been used to discern phenomena which reason couldnโ€™t explain. This is a quest to discover the legend of the Seal Woman in the Faroe Islands, where her presence still echoes nowadays. In the country, indeed, itโ€™s a common belief that people born with their toes webbed together are descendants of the Seal Woman family. Itโ€™s a story about love and fear; about being allowed to create a new identity away from the native land and longing to return home. The legend says that once a year, on the Twelfth Night, seals are able to take off their skins and become beautiful human beings. They gather on a rocky beach to dance and play all night long.



แƒแƒœแƒ” แƒ™แƒแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒœ แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒแƒžแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, 2014 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒฌแƒงแƒ˜แƒกแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ™แƒ˜แƒแƒขแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ‘แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ˜. แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ“ แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒชแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’. แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ•แƒ”, แƒ›แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ (แƒแƒฆแƒแƒœแƒ“ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ–แƒ” แƒแƒ  แƒ•แƒ˜แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜) 2011 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜. แƒฉแƒแƒกแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒแƒชแƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒœ, แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ“ แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ แƒฃแƒขแƒ˜แƒœแƒ. แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฅแƒแƒก แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒ แƒช แƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒงแƒ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”. แƒ—แƒฃแƒ›แƒชแƒ, แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒแƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒจแƒคแƒแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ โ€“ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฅแƒแƒก แƒ–แƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒฆแƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ แƒแƒฆแƒแƒช แƒ›แƒฌแƒ˜แƒคแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ, แƒฌแƒ”แƒกแƒ แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒฐแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ แƒฉแƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒแƒžแƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒฌแƒ แƒแƒคแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒชแƒ แƒฃแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ“แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒกแƒ˜แƒขแƒงแƒ•แƒ โ€œแƒฐแƒแƒœแƒ™แƒ˜แƒแƒกโ€ แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒแƒฉแƒœแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ: แƒ”แƒฅแƒ, แƒ แƒ”แƒ–แƒแƒœแƒแƒœแƒกแƒ˜, แƒ แƒฎแƒ”แƒ•แƒ, แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒซแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜, แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒ. Anne Kathrin Greiner A decade after my first visit to Japan, I returned to Kyoto for a three month artist residency in early 2014. My aim was to examine how the city, and its inhabitantsโ€™ lives, might have changed since my previous stay, also taking into consideration (but not purely focusing on) the events of March 2011 and their aftermath. Upon arrival, I was surprised by how familiar the city and its dayto-day routines felt. At first glance, nothing much seemed to have changed in the lives of old friends, either. With time, however, I began to perceive more and more a sense of underlying unease, as if something was smouldering beneath the surface, a feeling of disenchantment at odds with Japanese societyโ€™s tendency toward the preservation of order and harmony. The term โ€œhankyลโ€ has a range of translations, amongst them: echo; resonance; reverberation; repercussion; reaction; influence.



แƒกแƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜ แƒคแƒ แƒแƒœแƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒ (แƒคแƒ แƒ”แƒœแƒ™) แƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒ–แƒ˜ แƒแƒจแƒจ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘ แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ˜ แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ–แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒœแƒ”แƒก แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒคแƒ แƒแƒœ แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒแƒจแƒจ 21-แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒ˜แƒคแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒคแƒ”แƒ˜แƒกแƒ‘แƒฃแƒฅแƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ›, แƒคแƒ แƒแƒœแƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒ–แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘ แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒจแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒฎแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒฎแƒแƒ แƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒจแƒ—แƒแƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ: แƒ˜แƒœแƒกแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒชแƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒแƒ แƒข แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒ• แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒก แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒฎแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒก แƒแƒ แƒแƒกแƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœ, แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒคแƒ”แƒ˜แƒกแƒ‘แƒฃแƒฅแƒ˜แƒก โ€“ แƒแƒ› แƒ™แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒฃแƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ—. แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒงแƒแƒก, แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒชแƒ•แƒแƒก แƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ” แƒ“แƒ แƒžแƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒšแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒก, แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒฃแƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒก แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก/ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒœแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ, แƒคแƒ”แƒ˜แƒกแƒ‘แƒฃแƒฅแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒช แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒฃแƒœแƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ— แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒ’แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒแƒ› แƒซแƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒŸแƒแƒ›แƒก, แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒ“ แƒฃแƒชแƒฎแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒ, แƒ’แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒจแƒขแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒญแƒ”แƒจแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒจแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒœแƒแƒ“, แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒแƒœ. แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ—. The International Collaboration Project Francisco (Frank) Diaz USA Deb Young New Zealand Agnes Courrault France Fran Forman USA Out of a joyful embrace of the 21st century digital era and Facebook came Francisco Diaz and Deb Youngโ€™s unique vision for The International Collaboration Project: an inspired artistic effort wherein art photographers create works jointly from different corners of the globe, never having met, yet coming together using Facebook as a creative portal. The project is meant to be steadily, but unhurriedly expansive and positive, bringing art/photographers together from different continents using Facebook as their portal, blending creative energies to design exceptional works as an example of true cooperation amongst global strangers in these difficult times. Imagine.



แƒคแƒ แƒแƒœแƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒกแƒ˜ แƒแƒจแƒจ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘ แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ˜ แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ–แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ”แƒ“แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ โ€žแƒกแƒแƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ”แƒ“แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒกโ€œ แƒ–แƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ›แƒ แƒฃแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒฃแƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ— แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒฆแƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒซแƒแƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒกแƒฃแƒคแƒ”แƒ•แƒก. แƒ”แƒก แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒก แƒฃแƒแƒฆแƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ“ แƒกแƒขแƒ แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒคแƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒขแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒแƒคแƒแƒ แƒแƒ, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒกแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒจแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒแƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒฎแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ•แƒ, แƒ—แƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒ  แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒšแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ. โ€žแƒกแƒแƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ”แƒ“แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒกโ€œ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ˜, แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒชแƒแƒšแƒ™แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒขแƒแƒŸแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒแƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒขแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒš แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒชแƒ”แƒ•แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒช แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ™แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒฆแƒ•แƒ˜แƒฅแƒ•แƒแƒ›แƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ—. แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ แƒแƒช แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒฎแƒแƒœแƒก แƒฃแƒงแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒชแƒแƒšแƒ™แƒ”แƒฃแƒš แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒก, แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒแƒ“ แƒแƒ›แƒฉแƒœแƒ”แƒ•แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ› โ€žแƒ แƒแƒฆแƒแƒช แƒ˜แƒกแƒ” แƒ•แƒ”แƒ  แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกโ€œ. แƒ”แƒก โ€žแƒแƒ แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒโ€œ แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒแƒซแƒแƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ• แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒซแƒแƒคแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒญแƒ•แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒจ แƒแƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜แƒช แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ•แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ—, แƒกแƒฃแƒš แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒ˜แƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒšแƒก โ€“ แƒฎแƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒžแƒแƒ—แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ’แƒแƒฃแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ แƒแƒช, แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ˜แƒ•, แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒชแƒ แƒฃแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’แƒ˜แƒ. Francisco Diaz USA Deb Young New Zealand The Playground Series Beneath the surface of โ€œThe Playground Seriesโ€ is an underlying tension cloaked in innocent fun. We created this series as a visual metaphor for the condition in our highly stratified world where social relationships reflect a low degree of integration and meaningful interaction coupled with a high degree of isolation between individuals in a community environment. Each image in โ€œThe Playground Seriesโ€ is fashioned by montaging together dozens of unrelated photographs into a coherent piece that has the feel and look of a single capture. But, the more the viewer stares at each individual work, the more they start to realize something is just not right. This โ€œunrealityโ€ adds to the overall tension in the series. The series discusses the concept that events in which we are engaged in, in everyday life, increasingly tend to feel random and disconnected from a community, often with apathy, alienation and aggression from frustration being the result.



แƒฏแƒ แƒคแƒ˜แƒจแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒแƒขแƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒคแƒ˜แƒจแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ— แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒซแƒ˜แƒšแƒ–แƒ”, แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒ— โ€œแƒ‘แƒแƒขแƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒคแƒ˜แƒจแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ— แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœโ€ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ”. แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒฎแƒก แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒฏแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ“ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒ—แƒ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ•แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ˜ โ€“ แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—. 2 500-แƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜ แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒฏแƒ“แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒก แƒฎแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ แƒคแƒแƒœแƒ–แƒ”. แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒ”, แƒ“แƒ”แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ (แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒคแƒแƒœแƒ˜) แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก 20-แƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ”แƒข แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒก. แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ• แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒ’แƒ›แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒœแƒ˜แƒ—. แƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”, แƒ แƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ‘แƒฃแƒ แƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ™แƒ•แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”, แƒคแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜: แƒแƒฅ แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒก แƒ•แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ—, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒœแƒแƒœ. Jo Fischer Herr Fischer bittet zu Tisch For three years, Iโ€™ve been touring round Germany with my project โ€œHerr Fischer bittet zu Tischโ€ inviting people to take a seat at my table, arranging characteristic pictures of people within seconds โ€“ and with one shot only. More than 2.500 guests have already sat at the same wooden table in front of plain backcloth. Since the beginning, the setting (table & background) has been arranged in more than 20 cities in Germany and Switzerland. This project is an ongoing process, and is scheduled to visit many other places and possibly, countries in the future. From housewifes to kids, rockers & burlesque dancers, blue- or white-collar workers: everybody is invited to bring their own personality to the table.



แƒแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒ“ แƒจแƒฃแƒšแƒชแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒฅแƒ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜ โ€žแƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒฅแƒโ€œ แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒฃแƒ  แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒš แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒก แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก. แƒ›แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒขแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒคแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒขแƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฅแƒแƒก แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒกแƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒฎแƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ โ€“ แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒฎแƒแƒ› แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒจแƒ” แƒแƒ แƒแƒกแƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก แƒ•แƒขแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—. แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒฃแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ โ€“ แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒกแƒ™แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ—แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒซแƒ˜แƒšแƒ–แƒ”, แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒฎแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ—. แƒ’แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜ โ€žแƒ›แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ˜โ€œ แƒ’แƒ•แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒก, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒ” แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒ›แƒ”. แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ 24 แƒกแƒแƒแƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ–แƒ–แƒ” แƒฏแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒกแƒแƒช แƒ™แƒ˜ (!) แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ— แƒฉแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜. แƒฌแƒ˜แƒ’แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, CD-แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒแƒšแƒ‘แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒฆแƒแƒ  แƒ’แƒ•แƒญแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ แƒแƒกแƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก แƒแƒ  แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ— แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒ. แƒžแƒแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ–แƒ”แƒช แƒ™แƒ˜! แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“, แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒ›แƒ—แƒ”แƒš แƒ˜แƒœแƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒก โ€žแƒ•แƒžแƒแƒกแƒขแƒแƒ•แƒ—โ€œ แƒ“แƒ โ€žแƒ•แƒขแƒ•แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ•แƒ—โ€œ. แƒ แƒแƒขแƒแƒ› แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฏแƒแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒก แƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜? แƒžแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฌแƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ—แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒš แƒ›แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒ–แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒจแƒ”, แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒงแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜... โ€žแƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒฅแƒโ€œ แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒ—แƒฎแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฏแƒแƒญแƒ•แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒฅแƒชแƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒ’แƒแƒคแƒ แƒ—แƒฎแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒช แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก. แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ” แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒžแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒฉแƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒžแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ”แƒช แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒฎแƒกแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒขแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ  แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒฉแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ—. แƒจแƒ”แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ: โ€žแƒกแƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒก แƒ˜แƒœแƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ› แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒก?โ€œ โ€“ แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒช แƒฃแƒžแƒแƒกแƒฃแƒฎแƒแƒ“ แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. Astrid Schulz Playing Cards The โ€˜Playing Cardsโ€™ project is playfully observing our daily routine on mobile devices. It seems that mobile phones and tablets have become our new best friends, we never leave them unattended. One thing is for sure; over the past decade we have become different people. We have more โ€˜friendsโ€™ then ever before. We can be reached 24 hours and even communicate whilst sitting on the toilet (!) We no longer need books, CDs or photo albums, and we are NEVER alone. Not even on a romantic date! However, all the private information we post and tweet about our lives; why do we have this addictive desire to expose everything about us? Including the drunken truth at pubs and parties, our uncensored personal opinions, the images of our innocent kids or cute pets... The โ€˜Playing Cardsโ€™ are also a warning to the dangers of our new habits, to the addiction and the change of behavior pattern within society. They are pointing towards becoming disconnected or the danger of manipulation by third parties and large corporations. They are a reminder not to get lost in the world of virtual reality, as the questions remains: โ€™Where is all that information really going? And who is behind pulling the strings?โ€™



แƒ™แƒแƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒšแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜ โ€œแƒšแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒโ€ แƒจแƒ—แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒšแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒ—. แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ› แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒงแƒแƒคแƒ: แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒฎแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ/แƒฏแƒ’แƒฃแƒคแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก; แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒกแƒ™แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒแƒฎแƒแƒš แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒขแƒจแƒ˜/แƒฏแƒ’แƒฃแƒคแƒจแƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ•แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒšแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒ–แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ˜ (แƒ—แƒฃแƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ›แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ) แƒแƒœ แƒแƒ แƒแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒ— แƒฎแƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒ—แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ›แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ˜แƒงแƒแƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒฅแƒแƒ แƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒญแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒšแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ. แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ‘แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒแƒก โ€“ แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒ›แƒจแƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒฎแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒก แƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒšแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ; แƒแƒœ แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ–แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒจแƒ˜. แƒแƒฎแƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ—แƒฃ แƒแƒ แƒ แƒšแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ  แƒคแƒแƒ–แƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒกแƒแƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒฃแƒฅแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒแƒงแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ? แƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒแƒฎแƒแƒš แƒ›แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒกแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ“, แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœ แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ˜ โ€œแƒ›แƒ”โ€-แƒ“แƒแƒœ (แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ โ€œแƒ›แƒ”โ€-แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒช) แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ—, แƒ“แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ›แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ‘แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒจแƒ˜. แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒงแƒแƒก แƒœแƒแƒ—แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒงแƒแƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒขแƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒชแƒ›แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒ“ แƒจแƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒก; แƒแƒœ แƒฌแƒงแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒจแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ˜ โ€œแƒแƒ แƒแƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ˜โ€ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ โ€“ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ‘แƒ, แƒฉแƒฎแƒฃแƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒฆแƒแƒšแƒแƒขแƒ˜. แƒแƒ›แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ˜ โ€œแƒ›แƒ”โ€-แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ˜แƒซแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ— แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ•แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—. แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. Kajsa Gullberg Liminality Liminality is a project inspired by the liminal phase of the rites of passage. The rite of passage is split in three parts; the first one where you are taken out of you old context/group, the last one when you are integrated in your new context/group. In-between these two, there is the liminal phase, defined by itโ€™s controlled (if itโ€™s a staged ritual), or non-controlled chaos. It can be a staged rite of passage like a wedding where the bachelor party is the liminal phase. It can be a natural rite of passage like becoming a parent with the giving birth and the first time with the baby as the liminal phase or a going through a serious disease. What characterizing the liminal phase is that all the common rules and conditions are repealed and things are upside down. To be able to transform from something that was to something new, we have to step out of our โ€œselfโ€ (at least our culture self) either staged or naturally. Examples of this can be baptism where some goes in to water with all their clothes on, or a split up of a relationship where we can do โ€œwrongโ€ things like destructive argumentations, fights and cheating on each other. This is this state of mind that Iโ€™m interested in, when we are pushed out of our โ€œselvesโ€, the transformation between a symbolic death and rebirth. The project is work in progress



แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒแƒœแƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒชแƒฃ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ˜แƒชแƒฎแƒ•แƒ˜: 15 899/แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ˜แƒชแƒฎแƒ•แƒ˜: 2 594 แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ— แƒ˜แƒแƒžแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ˜แƒกแƒซแƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ 4 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ. แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒขแƒแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ˜แƒชแƒฎแƒ•แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒฃแƒš แƒ›แƒแƒšแƒ” แƒ”แƒก แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ โ€œแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ“โ€ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒชแƒ”แƒ•แƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒ”แƒ•แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒขแƒแƒœแƒฏแƒ•แƒ แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒ›แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒžแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒฆแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒญแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜. แƒžแƒ แƒแƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“, 15 899 แƒ“แƒแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒก: โ€œแƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒ’แƒ แƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒฆแƒฃแƒžแƒโ€. แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒก 2 594 แƒ“แƒแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒ˜: โ€œแƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒชแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฃแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒ.โ€ แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒกแƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ“แƒแƒ–แƒแƒ แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ—แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒฎแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒกแƒฃแƒš แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒช, แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒชแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒœแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒ. แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ”แƒก แƒœแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ•แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒ”, แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒ“แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ›แƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒ—แƒฎแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก. แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ›แƒแƒช แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒฌแƒงแƒ•แƒ˜แƒขแƒ”, แƒ”แƒก แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒ˜แƒ แƒ–แƒ” แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒญแƒ“แƒ. แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ“ แƒแƒ› โ€œแƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒกโ€ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒก. Motonori Shimizu Number of Dead: 15,899/Number of Missing: 2,594 4 years have passed since the Great East Japan Earthquake. It is recorded as โ€˜aโ€™ great disaster but it will not be long before it becomes โ€˜aโ€™ history. However, sadness and suffering have been engraved on each mind of all victims. Actually, there are 15,899 stories about โ€œMy son was killed by the collapsed house.โ€ and there are 2,594 stories about โ€œMy wife is missing after the Tsunami.โ€ Nowadays, the chances of hearing such stories from the victims have been decreasing year by year. One day, I had an opportunity to see the things left behind. When I saw them, I could not help myself and started to imagine a variety of stories based on them. I was determined to capture those things. And these works are the records of these โ€˜storiesโ€™.



แƒœแƒ”แƒœแƒกแƒ˜ แƒœแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ“แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒ”แƒœ

แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜ แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒš แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒขแƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒ—-แƒ”แƒ แƒ— แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒกแƒ˜แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒกแƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒแƒคแƒแƒ แƒแƒก. แƒแƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒžแƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘. โ€œแƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ“แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒ”แƒœโ€ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒก แƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒ›แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก. แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜, แƒขแƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒแƒกแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”. แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒจ แƒแƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒฌแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก. แƒกแƒแƒ—แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒจแƒขแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒฃแƒแƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒคแƒกแƒ˜แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒแƒคแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒฃแƒœแƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒแƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒฃแƒš แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒฃแƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒšแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ’แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ โ€“ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒขแƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒช แƒฉแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ—แƒ”. แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒ•แƒขแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜, แƒ’แƒแƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒจแƒ”แƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒฎแƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒšแƒ˜แƒจแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ  แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒจแƒแƒคแƒขแƒก แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒก, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก โ€œแƒ›แƒ”โ€-แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒกแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ›แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. Nancy Newberry Halfway To Midland Halfway To Midland combines imagined realities and a town in Texas as the metaphor used to uncover psychological connections to what we know of a person and place, revealing my beliefs about the complexities of self within the cultural realm. Halfway To Midland explores a state of mind and a sense of place. Photographed in Texas, this investigation of iconologies questions the relationship between the past and the present. The title is a reference to the town nestled in the center of the state and serves as a metaphor for the psychological space that connects people to a place. Integrating my ongoing fascination with regalia, my interest is not simply documentation. Each semi-autobiographical reality consists of connected scenes from elaborate internalized myths. The lineage of symbols, icons, and cultural clichรฉs form a unique landscape where rituals and regalia have always been present. I am interested in the complexities between self and culture where the chorus of dreams and reality seem to inhabit the same quotidian space.



แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒ“แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒœแƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒ”แƒก แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒ“แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒœแƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘. แƒแƒ แƒแƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—-แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒก, แƒกแƒแƒซแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒจแƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒฌแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ–แƒ” แƒ˜แƒฏแƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒก แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒ. แƒ˜แƒ› แƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒก แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ” แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ•แƒฎแƒ•แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒ”แƒข แƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒ” แƒ”แƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ— แƒฉแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ: แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ. แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“, แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ แƒ˜แƒ› แƒฃแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒงแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ–แƒ”แƒช, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœ แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ. แƒ˜แƒ› แƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒฉแƒฃแƒ›แƒ” แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ. Serena De Sanctis Dino This is the story of Bernardino De Sanctis, my father. I will never forget one of the first pictures I took of my father. He was sitting on the edge of the bed in the bedroom, folding his shirt. At that moment we both understood that it was about more than just pictures: the photos tell my fatherโ€™s story and something about his soul, and at the same time they also tell about the unconditional love that has always bounded us. That moment, the magical silence around us, connected us.



แƒฅแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒค แƒคแƒ แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒ แƒ‘แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒฎแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒก แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ  แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒก แƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒก แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ•แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜, แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒจแƒ” แƒฆแƒ แƒ›แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒฌแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ•แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒœแƒแƒ‘. แƒฎแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒ’แƒ˜แƒแƒกแƒ (แƒฐแƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜, แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ—แƒšแƒ”) แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ  แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒก (แƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ’แƒ˜, แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ) แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒก. แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒชแƒ แƒฎแƒ˜แƒก แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒฏแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒ•แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ‘, แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒš แƒชแƒแƒšแƒ™แƒ”แƒฃแƒš แƒ™แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒก แƒ•แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ” แƒ•แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘. แƒฎแƒ”แƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒแƒ›แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ โ€žแƒฃแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒโ€œ, แƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒ›แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒ› แƒฃแƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜ แƒชแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒงแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒ’แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒฅแƒกแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ. แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒแƒ แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒ”แƒœแƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒ™แƒฃแƒฆแƒ›แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ˜แƒ” โ€“ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ™แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒคแƒ”แƒกแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒฌแƒ˜แƒ’แƒœแƒจแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒœแƒแƒฎ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒขแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒšแƒฃแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒก, แƒกแƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ แƒฎแƒ”แƒก, แƒแƒœ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ  โ€žแƒกแƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒ”แƒกโ€œ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒแƒ›แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ” แƒขแƒ”แƒฅแƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒฎแƒ˜แƒก แƒฆแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒก แƒ•แƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘ แƒ“แƒ 90 แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒฃแƒกแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ•แƒแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘. แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’ แƒ•แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘ แƒ“แƒ แƒฆแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒก. แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒแƒ› แƒฃแƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜ แƒแƒšแƒฅแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒชแƒ”แƒžแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ–แƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒ: โ€žแƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒ“แƒ โ€“ แƒ–แƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ” โ€“ แƒจแƒ˜แƒ’แƒœแƒ˜แƒ—, แƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒฎแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ โ€“ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒโ€œ. Christoph Franke On the Nature of Things Trees take center stage in my life. I feel a deep reverence for their unique nature as I create my images. For me, trees represent the connection between energy (air, light) and the material world (soil, earth). Each time I am working on the tree crowns, I take numerous single frames to be assembled later. Through this intimate โ€œface-to-faceโ€ with the tree, I want to capture the primordial energy of this ancient living being. I opted to position the treetops upside down in the final work โ€“ just as they are projected onto our retina initially. They remind me of roots, medicinal illustrations of a human lung, a family tree or a symbolic โ€œtree of lifeโ€. With the same technique, Iโ€™m scanning tree trunks and then rotate them 90 degrees. The trunks are then assembled and form one single image. The goal of my series is a visualisation of the ancient alchemical concept โ€œAbove is one with below, inside is one with outside, spirit is one with bodyโ€.



แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™ แƒžแƒฃแƒจแƒ˜แƒœแƒกแƒ™แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒฆแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜

แƒ”แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒ› แƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒ”แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก โ€“ โ€œแƒฃแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒฆแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกโ€ แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒชแƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ. แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒœแƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ”แƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒแƒชแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒก แƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒคแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒแƒคแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒ”แƒ แƒฎแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒขแƒ แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒฌแƒ˜แƒ’แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ— แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒš แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ•แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒ’แƒœแƒ˜แƒก โ€“ โ€œแƒฃแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒฆแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜: แƒคแƒ แƒ”แƒœแƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒ›แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜โ€ โ€“ แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒขแƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒ แƒแƒ’แƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜.

Rick Pushinsky Songs of Innocence and Experience

This work is an exploration of William Blakeโ€™s visionary poetry โ€˜Songs of Innocence and of Experienceโ€™. The images aim to echo and contemporise Blakeโ€™s use of the physical as metaphor for the metaphysical by creating a view of the quotidian world seen through the filter of his imagination. In book-form, the images are accompanied by clashing and dialectic fragments of text, excerpted from the commentary in โ€˜Songs of Innocence and Experience: A Study Guideโ€™ by Francis Gilbert.



แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒค แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ โ€“ แƒ แƒ”แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒแƒŸแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒ แƒแƒชแƒ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒซแƒฃแƒšแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒ แƒฃแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒก, แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒจแƒ—แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒฅแƒแƒ•แƒก, แƒกแƒฎแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒแƒ’แƒšแƒ”แƒฏแƒก, แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฌแƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒแƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒแƒœแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒฌแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒก แƒคแƒ”แƒฎแƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒจ แƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒก. แƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒœแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ  แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒ แƒแƒกแƒ” แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒแƒงแƒ˜แƒ แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒก, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒช แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒจแƒ” แƒแƒ  แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก, แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒก แƒฃแƒ™แƒ•แƒ” แƒแƒ  แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฃแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ“, แƒคแƒ”แƒฎแƒ–แƒ” แƒ“แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒก แƒแƒ  แƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒฌแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜, แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒช แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒฃแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ. แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ—. แƒแƒ แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ›, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒแƒ; แƒแƒ แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ›, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒœ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜, แƒแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ›, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ”แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒšแƒ”แƒ. 1998-2007 แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒšแƒ›แƒ แƒžแƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒ แƒแƒกแƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒ›แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ›แƒ แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒค แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ›แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ— แƒแƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ” แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒฅแƒ”แƒก. แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒ•แƒแƒœ แƒŸแƒฃแƒ แƒœแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒžแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒชแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒฏแƒ˜แƒšแƒ“แƒแƒ–แƒ”แƒช แƒ˜แƒงแƒ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜. แƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒก 15 แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒฅแƒ›แƒฃแƒš แƒ›แƒ—แƒฎแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒš-แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ›แƒ—แƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ•แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ  แƒ’แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒขแƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ”, แƒ›แƒซแƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ›แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ”แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒšแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒกแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ แƒšแƒ”แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ-แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒข แƒ“โ€™แƒ˜แƒ•แƒฃแƒแƒ แƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ” แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒก แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ  แƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ›แƒก โ€žแƒ แƒ”แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒแƒŸแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘โ€œ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒฃแƒฅแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ–แƒ แƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜. แƒฉแƒแƒ แƒšแƒ– แƒขแƒ”แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒจแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜, แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ–แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒจแƒขแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ” แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒแƒขแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒฅแƒ แƒ›แƒ—แƒ”แƒš แƒ—แƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฌแƒ•แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜ Black Light แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ แƒ”แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒแƒŸแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘, 25.20โ€™โ€™ แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒ’แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ—แƒแƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒฆแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒœแƒแƒ“, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒแƒขแƒ”แƒœแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ’แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒญแƒแƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒขแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒŸแƒฃแƒ แƒœแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ, แƒŸแƒฃแƒ แƒœแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ แƒ”แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒแƒŸแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒžแƒแƒžแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒฅแƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฎแƒแƒš, แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒ  แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒกแƒแƒ—แƒฅแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒฐแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ แƒแƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ แƒฎแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒก.


Wolf Boewig Dispatches from the heart โ€“ Reporting Violence When hatred whorls across a continent, it envelops people, daily life, it cuts off limbs, flattens villages, burns down buildings, and pushes hard against hope, belief. It is difficult to imagine the degree to which the world can turn upside down, and most of the time those of us not amidst or recovering from such destruction, donโ€™t. We should. Not because itโ€™s pleasant. Not because itโ€™s easy or righteous. But because itโ€™s the truth Between 1998 and 2007, writer Pedro Rosa Mendes and photographer Wolf Bรถwig reported on the West African wars. Their work was published in leading magazines worldwide and nominated for the Pulitzer Prize. In an innovative melding of mediums, they teamed up with 15 of the worldโ€™s most celebrated graphic storytellers to create a visually-arresting and powerful film that shares stories of daily life and survival during the wars in Liberia, Sierra Leone, Guinea Bissau and Ivory Coast. The animation reporting violence does not attempt to lighten the dark. The legacy of Charles Taylor will reverberate for generations with such complex layering and scaffolding that it is impossible to quantify. Black.Light Project and its animation (reporting violence 25.20โ€) aims at creating synergies and a transcontinental dialogue that goes far beyond of what traditional war correspondence can achieve. Photography, journalistic reports, graphics and popular comicbook style merge into one homogeneous non-linear storytelling, creating a new publishing medium of its own.


แƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ โ€žแƒ›แƒ–แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ›แƒโ€œ, แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ 2015 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ โ€žแƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ•แƒคแƒ˜แƒฅแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒžแƒšแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ“แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒโ€œ. แƒแƒ›แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒซแƒ’แƒ, แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒฆแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ—แƒ”แƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ’แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ–แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ. แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒžแƒšแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒš แƒขแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒก, แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ’แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒ˜แƒฅแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ, แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒ› แƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒ•แƒœแƒ˜แƒš แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒฃแƒซแƒ”แƒ‘แƒœแƒ˜แƒ—. แƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜, แƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒ, แƒ“แƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ, แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ˜, แƒ˜แƒฃแƒžแƒ˜แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒœแƒ˜, แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒœแƒ˜, แƒœแƒ”แƒžแƒขแƒฃแƒœแƒ˜ แƒชแƒแƒšแƒ™แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ“, แƒชแƒแƒšแƒ™แƒ”, แƒแƒœ แƒ˜แƒœแƒกแƒขแƒแƒšแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ— แƒจแƒ”แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ—. Desislava Nikolova โ€œSolar Systemโ€, series from 2015 โ€œIโ€™ve always been thinking that every person lives on its own planetโ€. This made me to use synthetic objects from my daily life and transformed them in Solar system. As well as planets pass certain trajectory the same is with our daily objects, they are displaced until we find their own places. Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune are separate works which can be represented separated or as an installation depending on the specified date.



แƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒฅ แƒšแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ–แƒ” แƒแƒกแƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ˜แƒ“แƒœแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก (แƒฃแƒ™แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ) แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒ“แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒแƒžแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒซแƒ แƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ 100 แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ 2014 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ. แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒฉแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒชแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ, แƒžแƒ แƒ”แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ˜แƒฅแƒชแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒžแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒฃแƒฉแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒฃแƒฉแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ, แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒชแƒแƒขแƒ แƒฎแƒœแƒ˜แƒ—, แƒซแƒแƒšแƒแƒฃแƒคแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒฎแƒก แƒ”แƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒ•แƒœแƒแƒ“แƒ. แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ“ แƒ”แƒก แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒšแƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒšแƒ‘แƒแƒ—แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒฆแƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฆแƒ‘แƒ”แƒญแƒ“แƒ•แƒแƒกแƒแƒช แƒ•แƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒแƒ  แƒจแƒ”แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒก แƒ•แƒฃแƒกแƒ•แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜: แƒ แƒ แƒ’แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ—, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ แƒฎแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒก? แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ  แƒคแƒ˜แƒฅแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ—, แƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ? Emeric Lhuisset Maydanโ€™s hundred portraits This is a series of 100 portraits of volunteers from the popular movement of Maydan Square in Kiev (Ukraine), realized at the end of February 2014. When Yanukovychโ€™s government fell, when the President was on the run and the police disappeared from the streets of Kiev, for a very short time, the power belonged entirely to the people. Itโ€™s that time of latency when everything seems possible that I tried to capture in the eyes of each one asking them two questions: What would you like to be happening now? What do you think will happen?



แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™ แƒขแƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒก แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—แƒแƒœ. แƒแƒฅ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ 30-แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒ แƒแƒ’แƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒช แƒ•แƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘, แƒแƒ› แƒขแƒ˜แƒžแƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒžแƒšแƒแƒœแƒ–แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒœแƒ. Eric Tomberlin This body of work examines our relationship with animals. These are excerpts from a series of 30 images which attempt to relay some of the complexities of this relationship.



แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™ แƒขแƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ›แƒ? แƒแƒ›แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ•แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒฃแƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒช แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒฏ-แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒฏ แƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ, แƒ˜แƒฅ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒญแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒก แƒ•แƒžแƒแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ—, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒจแƒ”แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ โ€“ แƒ˜แƒฅ แƒžแƒแƒกแƒฃแƒฎแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ—แƒฃแƒ›แƒชแƒแƒฆแƒ, แƒžแƒแƒกแƒฃแƒฎแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒญแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒ–แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฎแƒแƒš แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒก. แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ  แƒ˜แƒฅแƒชแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒœแƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒœแƒฅแƒขแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ 21-แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒš แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ‘แƒ แƒฃแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ• แƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ—แƒ, แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒœแƒ”แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ—แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒฏแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒกแƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒฃแƒš แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“? แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒช, แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒ˜แƒœแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒ› แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒš แƒกแƒแƒ•แƒแƒญแƒ แƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ•แƒขแƒแƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฌแƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒก แƒฃแƒงแƒ แƒ˜แƒก. Eric Tomberlin What is concealed in something revealed? Through pursuing questions such as this, I have come to see the world as a human construct built one decision at a time. Where there is a problem we find a solution, where there is a question, we create an answer. However, the answer is relative and the solution will almost certainly create a new problem. How has the human drive for survival evolved into our twenty-first century consumer culture of pleasurable distractions, creature comforts, and capitalist morality? Modernity critiques itself, pooling on the strip mall parking lots of mainstream American culture.



แƒฅแƒ”แƒ—แƒ แƒฆแƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒคแƒแƒซแƒ” 1950, แƒ˜แƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒฃแƒแƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒช แƒแƒ  แƒ•แƒ˜แƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ˜, แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒแƒ  แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒก... แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ 1949 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก, แƒ—แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ˜แƒชแƒœแƒ”แƒก. แƒ“แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒก, แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒงแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฐแƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ—แƒ. แƒ แƒแƒชแƒ แƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ”, แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒฎแƒ›แƒ”. 22 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“. แƒ˜. แƒ™. แƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒ˜แƒ แƒฃแƒ แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ, แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ› แƒฎแƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ แƒกแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒš แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒก, แƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒ— แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒแƒฐแƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒแƒ—, แƒœแƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฎแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒฎแƒแƒœ แƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒš แƒแƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ”แƒช แƒ™แƒ˜ (แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก, แƒžแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ แƒกแƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ–แƒ” แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ  8 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ’แƒแƒก แƒ’แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ”แƒฅแƒ—แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ“แƒ’แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒฃแƒชแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒชแƒฃแƒ“แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒ  แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ“แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ). แƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ” แƒ˜แƒงแƒ แƒฃแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ“แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ โ€“ แƒแƒ•แƒขแƒแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ 1973-แƒจแƒ˜... แƒ›แƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜, แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ โ€“ แƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ โ€“ แƒœแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒแƒช แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒแƒ•: แƒ แƒแƒชแƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜, แƒงแƒ•แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ, แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฎแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒแƒกแƒ” แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ แƒแƒฆแƒแƒ  แƒ™แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒœ, แƒœแƒแƒญแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ... แƒ”แƒก แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ  แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ, แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ•แƒฃแƒฆแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ”แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ•แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ‘ แƒกแƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› โ€œแƒ™แƒแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒฃแƒœแƒกโ€ แƒ•แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒœแƒแƒ‘. Qeta Gvinepadze July, 1950 To my grandfather, whom I didnโ€™t know, To my grandmother, whom I donโ€™t rememberโ€ฆ In 1949, they met in Tbilisi, as my mother tells me, they loved each other very much. When I read the letters, I agreed. They spent 22 years together. I.K. was a really famous surgeon, so they moved a lot. They were raising their only child and taking her everywhere with them, even to hunting and difficult surgeries: at such times, a nurse was standing next to the 8 year old girl standing on a stool, and watching her not to get sick. Then, there was an accident โ€“ a car accident in 1973โ€ฆ I know their faces from the photos, the story from the letters and details from personal belongings that I always keep with me. When I wear her long floral dress, people really like it. Today, nobody wears this style, and fabric is different tooโ€ฆ All that brings me even closer to the relationship that almost never existed. I start looking at the details from the beginning, creating scenes. At such time, I start imagining and I feel the โ€œcloset smellโ€.



แƒคแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒฅแƒก แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒขแƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒฅแƒก แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒขแƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ–แƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ (2014/2015) แƒ•แƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ›แƒ แƒ” แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒฃแƒš แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒแƒœแƒแƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒช แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒ—แƒฎแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒกแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒจแƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ  แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒกแƒแƒช แƒแƒ  แƒ•แƒคแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ˜. แƒแƒ› แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒแƒœแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒช แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒก แƒ•แƒ”แƒซแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ แƒช แƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ  แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก; แƒแƒ แƒช แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒก แƒ•แƒ”แƒซแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ˜, แƒแƒ แƒช แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒฉแƒแƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜. แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒ˜แƒฅ แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒแƒฉแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”, แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ›แƒแƒแƒ“ แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ˜แƒงแƒ, แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒก แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒฃแƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒกแƒ“แƒ”แƒ•แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒแƒ  แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ•แƒ”แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒก. แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒขแƒงแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ˜แƒฅแƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ. โ€œFelix Gรคrtner berkunjung ke Indonesia โ€“ แƒคแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒฅแƒก แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒขแƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ–แƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜โ€ แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ, แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ, แƒ”แƒ™แƒ•แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒฃแƒขแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒœแƒแƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ. แƒแƒ› แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒ— แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒฎแƒแƒขแƒแƒ• แƒžแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—. แƒแƒ แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒงแƒแƒคแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ: แƒแƒ แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒ”, แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒ›แƒ” แƒแƒœ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ›แƒ”แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ , แƒแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“ แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ›แƒแƒแƒ“ แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒก, แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒก, แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒซแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ . Felix Gรคrtner Felix Gรคrtner visiting Indonesia (2014/2015) I was guest in a far away country which I only knew from stories and whose native language I do not speak. In this country, I was neither looking for adventures nor extreme experiences, I was neither chasing a particular story nor did I want to expose a certain issue. What I set out to discover was of a much more ordinary nature, it surrounds us all on a daily basis, however different it may appear to be. What I was looking for in fact was mere everyday life. โ€žFelix Gรคrtner berkunjung ke Indonesia โ€“ Felix Gรคrtner visiting Indonesiaโ€œ is a discovery, a journey, a narrative about daily routine and normality near the equator. It is my personal homage to traveling with a camera and communicating with people. Not ignoring the history that is being created now: not wherever, whenever and by whomever, but close enough, now and by us, our friends and blood brothers.



แƒ’แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ  แƒ™แƒแƒกแƒ Y โ€œYโ€ โ€“ แƒšแƒแƒ—แƒ˜แƒœแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒœแƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒแƒกแƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒแƒกแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒจแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ’แƒ–แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒจแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒช แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ. แƒ“แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ›แƒฃแƒš แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒคแƒ˜แƒ’แƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช, แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ•แƒ”, แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒšแƒ—แƒแƒœ, แƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒฌแƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒข แƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒœ. แƒ”แƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒ”แƒแƒขแƒ แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒš แƒ™แƒแƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ–แƒ˜แƒกแƒก, แƒแƒœ แƒแƒฆแƒกแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒฃ แƒแƒฆแƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก, แƒ’แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒกแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒชแƒœแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒก. แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒฃแƒœแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ™แƒแƒ™แƒแƒขแƒแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒœแƒ–แƒ”. แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒงแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒžแƒงแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜, แƒ—แƒฃแƒ›แƒชแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒแƒช แƒแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’ แƒฃแƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒ— แƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ. แƒแƒ› แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒฆแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ˜แƒชแƒฎแƒ•แƒ˜แƒช แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒก; แƒœแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒฃแƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒ, แƒฃแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒชแƒ แƒฃแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒ แƒ”แƒ™แƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒชแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ“แƒœแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ , แƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒ”แƒกแƒ แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒฃแƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ“ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ’แƒ•แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ” แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒจแƒ˜? แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒกแƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒญแƒแƒ แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒฃแƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒšแƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“, แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ™แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒ˜แƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ—. แƒชแƒแƒ“แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒขแƒ”แƒฅแƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒžแƒแƒœแƒกแƒ˜แƒ แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒคแƒ”แƒฎแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ’แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒžแƒแƒกแƒฃแƒฎแƒ˜แƒกแƒ›แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก. แƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒฃแƒชแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒ”แƒœ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ–แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒฃแƒš แƒคแƒแƒกแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก.

Gabor Kasza Y The โ€™Yโ€™ โ€“ the penultimate letter of the Latin alphabet โ€“ is the ancient symbol of the bifurcation point, the fork of the road. In the staged photos the figures are also standing before some kind of crossroads, a decisive moment of crisis. This moment is similar to the catharsis experienced in the theatre or which we can call the experience of confession or recognition, the moment of enlightenment or illumination. The most important question is sustainability in the shadow of the forthcoming eco-disaster. Our attention often focuses on developing countries, but developed countries are struggling with several similar problems. In these countries poverty is also growing. There are many kinds of diseases; there is environmental destruction, the flattening of human relationships and a feeling of disillusionment too. The society of the for-profit approach promises a happy, well-balanced and evergrowing life in the advertisements. But is it true that the quality of life is improving? Despite the oversupply and wasteful production of these days, we suffer from the scarcity of essence. The expansion of knowledge and technological development does not necessarily go along with increased awareness and responsibility. Change is necessary and the key to it is the deliberate choice of personal values and self-development.



แƒฏแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒš แƒกแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒฎแƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช 24 แƒกแƒแƒแƒ—แƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒฎแƒแƒœแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒ. แƒซแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ“, แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒœแƒฏแƒ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ— แƒงแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒก, แƒแƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒ•แƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ•แƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ— แƒคแƒ˜แƒฅแƒ แƒก, แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’ แƒ แƒแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—, แƒ แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒ”แƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ.แƒจ. แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ”แƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒ’แƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ‘แƒ—, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ—แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒก แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒฌแƒ˜แƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒจแƒšแƒ˜แƒš แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ–แƒ” แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ—. แƒ”แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒแƒœแƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒ— แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒกแƒ™แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”. Giovanna Del Sarto A Long Way to Destination A long train journey, which lasted more than 24 hours. Most of the time while looking outside the train window, we easily forget what we are observing and we rather start thinking about what we do next, what we should have done and so on. India helps you to slow down all this mental process and helps you pay attention to what is in front of you. This is a series of pictures taken during my recent train trip from Delhi to Varanasi.



แƒฏแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ™แƒ โ€œแƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒซแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒก, แƒกแƒฃแƒœแƒ—แƒฅแƒ•แƒแƒจแƒ”แƒ™แƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜. แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ แƒแƒฆแƒแƒชแƒแƒก แƒ”แƒซแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฅแƒแƒก แƒแƒ  แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒฆแƒแƒช แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒก. แƒ•แƒฃแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜. แƒ˜แƒฅแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฉแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ. แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒแƒกแƒ” แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ—. แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ•แƒแƒจแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒฃแƒซแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒก, แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก แƒ•แƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘. แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ• แƒ•แƒฃแƒงแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘ โ€“ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒฅแƒแƒ, แƒ—แƒฃแƒ›แƒชแƒ แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒฌแƒแƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒช แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ•แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜.โ€ แƒ”แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ˜แƒก แƒขแƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒขแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ›แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ. แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒก แƒฃแƒ™แƒ•แƒ” 44 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ, แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒš แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒœแƒ”แƒแƒœแƒแƒขแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒœแƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒแƒฆแƒ‘แƒ”แƒญแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜. แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒก โ€“ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒ, แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜, แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒแƒ แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒจแƒ˜; แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ, แƒแƒฌแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒจแƒ”แƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ–แƒ” แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒกแƒฃแƒš แƒแƒ  แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒญแƒ˜แƒ แƒ. Giovanni Cocco โ€œShe stands still, holding her breath. She keeps searching with her eyes, anxious at what she might miss. I move closer. Maybe Iโ€™ll understand what she is looking at. Iโ€™ve been doing this since we were kids. I stare at my sister while she stands still, holding time still. I keep looking โ€“ she is there, yet gone. And she carried me away with her.โ€ This work is a photographic portrait of my sisterโ€™s life, Monia. She was born with a traumatic brain injury. Today, she is 44 years old but her reality life has all the connotations of the neonatal period. She lives a world away from everything else, solitary, confined, but not empty, where time is made up of moments, to present that do not need to project into the future.



แƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ™แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒแƒ—แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ Irakli Sabekia Untitled



แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒŸแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ—แƒจแƒ˜

แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ—แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒŸแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ—แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘. แƒแƒ  แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒกแƒขแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘, แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ›แƒŸแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ—แƒจแƒ˜ 2013 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒฌแƒงแƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ”แƒก แƒชแƒแƒšแƒ™แƒ” แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒแƒจแƒแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒแƒ  แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒฎแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ. 2013 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒš แƒ™แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒจแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒขแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒ›แƒŸแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ›แƒ แƒฃแƒ™แƒ•แƒ” แƒชแƒแƒšแƒ™แƒ” แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒแƒจแƒแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ›แƒŸแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒคแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒฃ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ—แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ“, แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒŸแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— 1000 แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. Jordi Pizarro Acid Survivors in India This is a photographic portrait series about the survivors of acid attack in India. There are no statistics about how many acid attacks had happened in India till early 2013 because the Indian criminal law did not recognize it as a separate offense. With the amendment in Indian Penal Code in February 2013, incidents of acid attack are now being recorded as a separate offense. ASTI and more studies estimates that around 1,000 cases take place every year.



แƒฎแƒแƒกแƒ” แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ แƒฅแƒฃแƒฉแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒฅแƒฃแƒฉแƒ แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒก แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ, แƒ™แƒ”แƒ แƒซแƒแƒ“, แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒก แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ“, แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ˜แƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ โ€“ แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒฃแƒแƒ แƒงแƒแƒคแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒ“แƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒแƒก แƒžแƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ  แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”. แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ, แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒแƒœแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒซแƒ˜แƒšแƒ–แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒขแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ” แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒกแƒ•แƒšแƒ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒคแƒแƒ—แƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ, แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ›, แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก, แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒฉแƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒขแƒ•แƒ แƒžแƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒขแƒแƒšแƒคแƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ  แƒแƒฆแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ— แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒ—แƒฎแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ? แƒ แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ? แƒ”แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒช แƒแƒ› แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒกแƒ•แƒšแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒฃแƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒ” แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒงแƒแƒคแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒฉแƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒขแƒ•แƒ. แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒคแƒแƒ—แƒแƒ, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒ” แƒฅแƒฃแƒฉแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒจแƒ˜ แƒจแƒฃแƒฅ-แƒฉแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก: แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ—แƒšแƒ” แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒ”, โ€œแƒœแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ โ€, แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒฎแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒฃแƒš แƒ›แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก; แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ—แƒšแƒ”-แƒกแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ แƒแƒกแƒขแƒ˜ แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ“ แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒฃแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒก. แƒฅแƒฃแƒฉแƒ แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒก แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ. Jose Tercero Inhabiting The Street The street belongs to everyone Following the violent events that began to unravel in Mรฉxico and in my city, the attitude of the general population began to change, went from disbelief to denial to finish in passive indifference. If it is true, the violence that has been occurring for some years in the country concerned and represent a risk going outside, it is also true that the voluntary closure means adopting an attitude of passive complicity. How is the sense of social security is recovered? What can I do from the picture? This project stems from these questions and my concern to do something about it. I consider going outside to perform our daily activities, is a more proactive action that voluntary closure. Abandon public spaces is more dangerous to inhabit the street. Job Iconographically light of the partitions as a counterpoint to the darkness, I find this duality meaning: one white light represents the recovery of public space, โ€œnormalityโ€ there where people are; the dark and light color relate to the abandonment of public spaces and alienation thereof because of the violence. The street belongs to everyone.



แƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฐแƒแƒš แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒฃแƒœแƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ Diana-แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”, แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ” แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ แƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒฃแƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ”, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ–แƒฃแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒฆแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒ. แƒ”แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜, แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•, แƒฏแƒ”แƒ˜แƒ›แƒก แƒฐแƒ˜แƒšแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒกแƒ˜แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒ”แƒคแƒฃแƒซแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒช แƒžแƒแƒ”แƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒก, แƒคแƒกแƒ˜แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ  แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’ แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ แƒ แƒฎแƒกแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ—. แƒฐแƒ˜แƒšแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒแƒ› แƒžแƒ แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒกแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒกแƒก แƒฃแƒฌแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒกแƒแƒช แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒงแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒจแƒ”แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ“แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒ™แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒแƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒš แƒงแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ—. แƒแƒ› แƒžแƒ แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒกแƒก โ€œแƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒฉแƒแƒ›แƒแƒงแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกโ€ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒฎแƒกแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒฐแƒ˜แƒšแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒคแƒกแƒ˜แƒฅแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒก แƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒคแƒกแƒ˜แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒแƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒกแƒ˜แƒ แƒชแƒฎแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒฃแƒคแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒแƒฅแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒงแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒแƒ. แƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒฉแƒแƒ›แƒแƒงแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒแƒขแƒ”แƒœแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ› แƒคแƒกแƒ˜แƒฅแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ  แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ แƒ”แƒ•แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒก. แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜, แƒคแƒกแƒ˜แƒฅแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฆแƒกแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“, แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”. Leslie Hall Brown Re-Visioning The original images for this series were made with a Diana camera, which I then re-visioned, adding additional layers to deepen the visual experience. This work is based in part on the psychology of James Hillman, who said that the poetic basis of mind places psychological activities in the realm of images and that the mind seeks to explore images rather than explain them. Hillman calls the process of re-working images, in which one gives them attention and shapes and forms them until they are clear as possible, โ€œsoul makingโ€. Hillman equates the psyche with the soul and seeks to set out a psychology based without shame in art and culture. The goal is to draw soul into the world via the creative acts of the individual. The potential for soul making is revealed by psychic images to which a person is drawn and apprehends in a meaningful way. In this series I have used imagery, which hold symbolic meaning, to personify my sense of the psyche.



แƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฐแƒแƒš แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒฃแƒœแƒ˜ Cirque du Psyche แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒคแƒกแƒ˜แƒฅแƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒžแƒ”แƒ•แƒขแƒ˜, แƒฎแƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ™แƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ›แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ•. แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ“แƒ, แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒกแƒ˜แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒจแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ›แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜, แƒ—แƒฃแƒ›แƒชแƒ แƒชแƒแƒขแƒ แƒ‘แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒ— แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒœแƒ. แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒคแƒกแƒ˜แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒ”แƒก แƒ‘แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒกแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ›แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ–แƒ แƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒกแƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ™แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒฃแƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜. แƒ”แƒก แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒ แƒแƒžแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒคแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒก แƒ”แƒ›แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜, แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒ’แƒœแƒจแƒ˜ โ€œแƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ–แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒกโ€, แƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒก: โ€œแƒ™แƒแƒ แƒœแƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒกแƒ˜แƒฅแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒฆแƒ•แƒ˜แƒซแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒ˜แƒ› แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ  แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ›แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒฃแƒš แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜.โ€ แƒขแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒ“แƒ แƒฐแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ•แƒฃแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒกแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒฆแƒคแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ’แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ. แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒซแƒแƒคแƒ แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ˜แƒจแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ“ แƒแƒฅ แƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒช แƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒก แƒ•แƒ˜แƒขแƒงแƒฃแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ—. แƒกแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ›แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒแƒ“, แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒช แƒฃแƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฅแƒแƒกแƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒฃแƒฏแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒš แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒก แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ. แƒ—แƒฃแƒ›แƒชแƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒช แƒ›แƒญแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒแƒฉแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ—แƒแƒœ โ€“ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ• แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ˜ โ€œแƒ›แƒ”โ€-แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒแƒ  แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒ“แƒ. แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ›แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜, แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒก แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ“แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒœแƒแƒฎแƒแƒก, แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ แƒแƒก แƒ•แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ—แƒฎแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒฃแƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ•แƒงแƒแƒคแƒ—. แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ โ€œแƒกแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ™แƒ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒโ€ แƒคแƒกแƒ˜แƒฅแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ–แƒฃแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒแƒคแƒแƒ แƒแƒ. แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒฏแƒ”แƒ  แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ” แƒ“แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒฃแƒฆแƒ” แƒคแƒแƒขแƒ. Leslie Hall Brown Cirque du Psyche As a psychotherapist, I often deal with clientsโ€™ dreams. With these series, I wanted to deal with the psyche in hope of plumbing inner demons and presenting them as do our dreams, in palatable, albeit confusing imagery. This is a series that combines matters of the psyche with that of the circus of days past. It is a dark place in which dreams reveal the inner workings of oneโ€™s demons and hold up a mirror reflecting back the unresolved issues as scenes from a circus peopled by anthropomorphized performers. Thomas Moore said in his book Care of the Soul, โ€œCarnivals and circuses attract that element in the psyche that craves symbolic and dreamlike experiencesโ€. Before television and Hollywood the circus was a place to be entertained and shocked. Our greatest fears were played upon in tantalizing ways and we gladly submitted to being tricked. Like our dreams, reality was twisted in strange and seemingly unbelievable ways. Yet, there was enough grounding in reality to hook us and pull us in. The stuff of our waking life takes on many forms in our dreams, in our subconsciousโ€™ effort to show us what we are avoiding and ignoring. Each โ€˜circus actโ€™, is a visual metaphor for a psychic struggle and was constructed and then photographed.



แƒ–แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒ” แƒ‘แƒฃแƒœแƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒขแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒงแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ แƒ‘แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜ โ€“ แƒ™แƒ”แƒ แƒซแƒแƒ“, แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜ โ€“ แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒ”. แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒชแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒจแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒฎแƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ‘แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ› โ€œแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœโ€ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒš แƒฎแƒแƒขแƒก แƒ•แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ  แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒฎแƒแƒ แƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒš แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒแƒ‘แƒ—. แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒจแƒ˜แƒช แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ, แƒแƒ› แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ•แƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘, แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒชแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒช แƒชแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ‘แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒšแƒก แƒ•แƒ˜แƒžแƒแƒ•แƒ˜. แƒ•แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒ‘แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒแƒฆแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒ–แƒแƒแƒžแƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ‘แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฃแƒ–แƒ”แƒฃแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜, แƒแƒœแƒฃ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ— แƒกแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ•แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒ‘แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒšแƒฃแƒ–แƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒœ. แƒแƒ›แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒก, แƒ‘แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒžแƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒฃแƒ  แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. Sabine Bungert Natural World In this project I want to turn the spotlight on our dealings with nature, notably, wild animals. Being shaped by culture and civilization we tend draw a romantic image of those โ€žwild creaturesโ€œ of nature and projects unfulfilled experiences wishes onto the animal. The animalsโ€˜ surrounding is the central aspect of this project. I am searching for indications and manifestations in human and animal behavior to capture the points of intersection between civilization and wilderness. I take pictures of encounters in the wild and combine these with photos taken in modern zoological gardens and dioramas in natural history museums, which try to create an illusion of nature. This combination reveals a complex relation between man, nature and animal.



แƒกแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒ™แƒ แƒฃแƒ™แƒ•แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ โ€žแƒฃแƒ™แƒ•แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜โ€œ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒฌแƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒจแƒ˜แƒช แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒก แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒฉแƒแƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ. แƒแƒ› แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ–แƒฃแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜ แƒชแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒแƒซแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒแƒขแƒแƒ›แƒ—แƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒชแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ“แƒแƒงแƒแƒคแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ—แƒ แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒขแƒ แƒแƒœแƒกแƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒฌแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒจแƒ˜. แƒฃแƒซแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒซแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒก แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒฃแƒ  แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒก. แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒแƒช แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒก แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒขแƒ แƒแƒœแƒกแƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ โ€“ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒชแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒฌแƒ™แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒšแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒก, แƒฃแƒฎแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒฏแƒ แƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฏแƒแƒญแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ, แƒชแƒ”แƒชแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ—แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒ”แƒชแƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒšแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒฌแƒงแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ, แƒ‘แƒฃแƒฉแƒฅแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ”แƒช แƒฐแƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜ แƒงแƒ•แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒก ... แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒกแƒญแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ–แƒฃแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ  แƒแƒฆแƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒ˜แƒ’แƒฃแƒ แƒ แƒฉแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ โ€“ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒจแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒกแƒฃแƒ‘แƒกแƒขแƒแƒœแƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒ—แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒก แƒฐแƒžแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ แƒ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒก แƒขแƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒฃแƒคแƒšแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ , แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒแƒ แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ’แƒ”แƒขแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒฃแƒซแƒ แƒแƒ• แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒฎแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒžแƒแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒก. Sirio Magnabosco Intimations of Immortality Intimations of Immortality is a project about the original uninterrupted flow in which the universe began. Subject of this visual journey is the convergence of the grid of atoms moved by the law of living matter, with its separation and transformation in the mixture of elements, in a continuous present. The project, trough still and motion images investigate the fundamental continuous instant of primordial matter. The flow of shapes that the elements of the universe assumes during the transformations they go trough: the silvery sparkle of the movement of nebulas into galaxies, the story of invisible cells bounded in matter, the sudden flush of fire and light, the strength of waters that carve rocks, branches where hermaphrodite flowers bloom on... In the visual description of the vital flow of the elements and the interpenetration between different systems appears the human figure: in man every substance that makes up the world finds a moment of radiant continuity in a union of past and future that breaks free from time and finds in it a solid form but never still, as the lushness of the vegetation.



แƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ—แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒšแƒแƒขแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒฅแƒขแƒ”แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฆแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒงแƒฃแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒแƒ. แƒ”แƒก แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒฌแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒ—แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ–แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒกแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ—แƒฅแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ—แƒ แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ–แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ, แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒฎแƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒแƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒแƒฏแƒแƒœแƒงแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ—แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฃแƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒขแƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ แƒแƒžแƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒฆแƒญแƒฃแƒ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜. แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก โ€žแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒกโ€œ แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒชแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒกแƒแƒกแƒแƒ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒก. แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒชแƒ”แƒชแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ˜แƒžแƒงแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ แƒ›แƒ”แƒข แƒกแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ—แƒฎแƒ˜แƒšแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ แƒžแƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒ‘แƒแƒ—แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ—แƒ”แƒš แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒจแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ—แƒแƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒแƒšแƒแƒขแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒฅแƒขแƒ”แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒฃแƒจแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒก แƒžแƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒขแƒแƒœแƒ™แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒแƒ•แƒขแƒแƒ‘แƒฃแƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒžแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒ”แƒก แƒžแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ แƒงแƒฃแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒแƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒแƒฆแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ, แƒ แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒช แƒ›แƒซแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒ“ แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ–แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒฃแƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก. แƒกแƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“, แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒšแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒšแƒแƒขแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒฅแƒขแƒ”แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ™แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฏแƒแƒœแƒงแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ. แƒ”แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒชแƒ”แƒžแƒขแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒ โ€žแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒกโ€œ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒšแƒแƒขแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒฅแƒขแƒ”แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒขแƒ•แƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒก แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก.


Thomas Schell A Sign of Warmth Molotov cocktails are also known as poor manรข€™s grenade. It is a generic name used for a variety of bottle-based improvised incendiary weapons. Due to the relative ease of production, they are frequently used by protesters and non-professionally equipped fighters in riots and urban guerrilla warfare. The anti-government protesters of Euromaidan in Kyiv used fire to their advantage. With fire they defended their barricades, conquered more space and secured their positions. Throughout the city bottles were collected, and thousands of Molotov cocktails were hurled to positions, tanks, buses and policemen. These small bombs were almost the only weapon for the protesters to counter the heavily armed government troops. In fact, during the riots in Ukraine, the most beautiful Molotov cocktails were thrown. This conceptual collection shows an extract from these wonderful picturesque varieties of used Molotov cocktails during the Euromaidan.


แƒŸแƒแƒšแƒข แƒแƒšแƒแƒค แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒ แƒข แƒกแƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒ’แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ–แƒ”, แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜ โ€žแƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒช แƒแƒฅ แƒแƒ แƒแƒกแƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก แƒงแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ, แƒแƒ  แƒกแƒฏแƒ”แƒ แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒช แƒงแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ, แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ แƒแƒกแƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ”แƒ‘แƒกโ€œ. แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒงแƒ•แƒ˜แƒš-แƒฌแƒงแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒœแƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜. แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒ แƒขแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ” แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒ แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ แƒ”แƒคแƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒ˜แƒ แƒชแƒ˜แƒฎแƒ”-แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ–แƒ”. แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒคแƒฃแƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ–แƒ” แƒ˜แƒฅแƒœแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒก. แƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒแƒ แƒฅแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก (แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ“, แƒ แƒฃแƒ™แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก) แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ•แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒžแƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ, แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ•แƒ” แƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ. แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒ˜แƒฅแƒœแƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒก แƒกแƒแƒคแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒคแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒœแƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ โ€“ แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒคแƒแƒ แƒข แƒกแƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒ’แƒจแƒ˜. แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒชแƒ˜แƒฎแƒ”-แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ›แƒ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ” แƒ“แƒฃแƒœแƒแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฅแƒ”แƒ—-แƒ˜แƒฅแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ” โ€žแƒขแƒงแƒฃแƒžแƒ˜โ€œ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก โ€“ แƒฃแƒœแƒ’แƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒœแƒแƒก แƒจแƒ˜แƒ’แƒœแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ’แƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜. แƒแƒ  แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒก แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒชแƒแƒšแƒ™แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒชแƒ˜แƒฎแƒ”-แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒ”แƒช แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒซแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒญแƒ”แƒจแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒซแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒช แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ แƒฅแƒ˜แƒขแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒฎแƒฃแƒ แƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ”-20 แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒฌแƒงแƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒฃแƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ— แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒ. 1945-1991 แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒญแƒแƒ—แƒ แƒฌแƒ˜แƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒแƒงแƒแƒคแƒ›แƒ แƒชแƒ˜แƒฎแƒ”-แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒ” แƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ  แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒžแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒ. Zsolt Olaf Szamody Retracings of the Fort Sandberg, Komรกrom โ€œWho has never been here does not believe who has been here never forgets.โ€ The pictures were composed in pairs presenting a map as an official document and a personal reflection on the life in the fort from any time of the history of the fortresses. The pictures were taken on the bases of the artistic research discovers the private remembrance of history. Other purpose of the artistc research is to rethink or revise of our history with using some archive materials (for example maps) and create new compositions with a contemporary way of thinking, and create also a critical reading of the old documents. All photos were taken in the biggest fortification system in Central-European area โ€“ Fort Sandberg, Komรกrom. The system of historic forts is situated in and around the โ€œtwinโ€ towns of Komarom, Hungary, and Komarno, Slovakia on opposite banks of the Danube River. Even taken individually the forts on both sides are genuine historic and cultural treasures, representing the highest level of military architecture of their time and having survived unaltered since the beginning of the 20th century. Between 1945 and 1991, the South Army Group of the Soviet Red Army converted the building into the biggest ammunition storage facility of Central Europe.



แƒ™แƒœแƒฃแƒข แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒคแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ’ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ  แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒขแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒฅแƒกแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ”. แƒแƒ› แƒ’แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒแƒฅแƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒกแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ 80 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒจแƒ”แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒคแƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒซแƒšแƒ. แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ’แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฌแƒฃแƒฎแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก, แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒฃแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒชแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒœแƒ–แƒ” แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ, แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒกแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒคแƒฃแƒซแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ”, แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒญแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒ— แƒžแƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒ”แƒงแƒ แƒ“แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ. แƒ”แƒก แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ แƒกแƒก แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ“แƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒก แƒ”แƒฅแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒงแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“ แƒ”แƒฅแƒชแƒ”แƒแƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ. แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฃแƒ“แƒแƒ› แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ— แƒงแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ. แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜, แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒกแƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก. แƒ—แƒฃแƒ™แƒ˜ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒก แƒ“แƒแƒขแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ, แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒœ แƒฌแƒ”แƒก-แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ  แƒ’แƒแƒแƒฉแƒœแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒฌแƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒขแƒแƒขแƒฃแƒกแƒ˜ แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒšแƒแƒชแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒจแƒ˜. แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒ แƒฃแƒ™แƒ•แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ“แƒแƒ“ แƒฉแƒแƒœแƒก. แƒฉแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒก แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒœ แƒฎแƒแƒœแƒก แƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒ แƒแƒ’แƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒชแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒš แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒจแƒแƒšแƒ. แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒ”แƒก-แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒคแƒฃแƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒก. แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ› แƒ—แƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœ แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒก แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒช แƒ“แƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒ•แƒœแƒแƒ“แƒ โ€“ แƒ—แƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒแƒ  แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒแƒช I แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒชแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ’แƒ˜แƒŸแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒœแƒคแƒšแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ, แƒกแƒ˜แƒฆแƒแƒขแƒแƒ™แƒ”, แƒจแƒ˜แƒ›แƒจแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜, แƒคแƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ›แƒ˜, II แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒจแƒ˜ โ€“ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒชแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒงแƒแƒคแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒ”แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒฃแƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒ, แƒชแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ. แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒก แƒแƒฆแƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ, แƒ“แƒแƒงแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ, แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒแƒจแƒšแƒ˜แƒšแƒ. แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒ›แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ; แƒ—แƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒฃแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ•แƒœแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜, โ€žแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒฏแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜โ€œ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ แƒแƒกแƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒฃแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ. แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ—แƒ”แƒš แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก, แƒ“แƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ—แƒ”แƒš แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— โ€“ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒแƒช แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒก. แƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ โ€“ โ€žแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฉแƒแƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜โ€œ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒœแƒแƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒกแƒ แƒแƒšแƒ—แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ˜แƒกแƒ” แƒ”แƒžแƒงแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒฏแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. Knut Wolfgang Maron Through photography, I started to preserve the objects in their original context. I could condense the syntax of a private and domestic life, and identify the culture of an over 80-year-old woman and the environment she created. This work began under the strain of mourning and sorrow, private memories, subjective feelings. It nevertheless presents a point of view that is sociologically and philosophically considered and contemplative. This perspective refers to the unity and the sense of the objects. My mother was treated carelessly by her doctors; she herself treated all with care. Everything in the house has its order, its destiny, and its place. If an object does not have a use, habit, or custom, it has a sacred character as in a place of worship. Respect toward the objects is obviously visible in the pictures already done. The cleaning rag (see picture) was used so long it atomized, fell into pieces. Daily custom and habit form the basis of the photographic reality. The photographs form an important portrait of the generation of which my mother was a member, the generation that grew up and was socialized between the two world wars, and that experienced the defeat in WWI, wild inflation, poverty, starvation, Fascism, defeat in WWII, the division and reconstruction of Germany, the Cold War, and Reunification. I am recording this world before it is destroyed, divided, torn into pieces. The photographs are a testament to the daily culture of a whole generation, one that cherished and husbanded belongings and never adopted the more materialist, โ€œdisposableโ€ culture of the generation that followed. The work will represent a whole life, that of my mother, and through her many others. The Estate: Record of a Life will be a social critique of the throw-away society in which even people are treated as disposable objects.




แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜

Documentary


แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒ˜

แƒ‘แƒแƒžแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒ™แƒแƒขแƒแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒแƒคแƒ (แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒฐแƒ˜แƒ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜, 2009-2014) แƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ  แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ—แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅ แƒ‘แƒแƒžแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก 1984 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ โ€žแƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒขแƒแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœโ€œ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ˜ แƒแƒ—แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒฏแƒแƒฎแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒช แƒ˜แƒ› แƒ™แƒแƒจแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒจแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒฃแƒš, แƒแƒ•แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ— แƒฆแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒช แƒฏแƒแƒœแƒ›แƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฆแƒ˜แƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒซแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒžแƒแƒ แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ Union Carbide-แƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒขแƒแƒฅแƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฆแƒ แƒฃแƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒแƒขแƒ”แƒœแƒชแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒžแƒšแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒœแƒ“แƒ. แƒ™แƒแƒขแƒแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒแƒคแƒแƒก แƒแƒ—แƒแƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ”แƒฌแƒ˜แƒ แƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’ แƒ‘แƒแƒžแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒก แƒ›แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ“ แƒแƒ› แƒฆแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ• แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒฃแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ แƒแƒšแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒซแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒ—แƒฎแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒขแƒ แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒš แƒ˜แƒšแƒฃแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒกแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜. แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒŸแƒแƒœแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ“, แƒ“แƒแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— 100 000 แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ แƒฅแƒ แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜, แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒซแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ›แƒ แƒกแƒแƒกแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒ แƒฌแƒงแƒแƒšแƒ›แƒ แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒงแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ”แƒคแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒแƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ–แƒฆแƒฃแƒ“แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒฌแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒ แƒแƒช 2001 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก Union Carbide-แƒ˜ DOW Chemical-แƒ›แƒ 11,6 แƒ›แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ“ แƒ“แƒแƒšแƒแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒซแƒ˜แƒœแƒ, แƒแƒ› แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒ›แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒžแƒแƒ แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒ› แƒคแƒแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ› แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒกแƒฃแƒฎแƒ˜แƒกแƒ›แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒฃแƒแƒ แƒงแƒ.

Alex Masi Bhopal Second Disaster (Madhya Pradesh, India, 2009-2014)

Three decades after the infamous โ€˜1984 Gas Disasterโ€™ in Bhopal, central India, many families are still trapped within the nightmare that began on a grim, distant night, searching still for the possibility of restoring health and dignity to their community. Half a million people were exposed to the toxic cloud released by Union Carbideโ€™s chemical plant. Thousands died it its wake. Since then, in the consciousness of people the world over, Bhopal has been associated with the haunting images of that night and its aftermath, tragic demonstrations of the dangers of unregulated industrialization and indiscriminate pollution. Today, around 100,000 people are chronically ill from the effects of the gas leak, while tainted drinking water has caused a sharp increase in birth defects and disabilities in children. Since the 11.6 billions dollars acquisition of Union Carbide by DOW Chemical in 2001, the powerful American corporation has refused to accept any responsibility for the insidious contamination.



แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒœ แƒขแƒแƒจแƒ” แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ— แƒแƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ— 2012-แƒ“แƒแƒœ 2014 แƒฌแƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”, แƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒก 911-แƒ˜แƒก (แƒ›แƒแƒซแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒกแƒ™แƒแƒšแƒ โ€œAtelier Nomadeโ€-แƒ˜แƒก แƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒแƒœแƒซแƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ) แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒขแƒ–แƒ” แƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒฎแƒ•แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ— แƒแƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒ–แƒ” โ€“ แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ“แƒ” (แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒ“แƒ แƒ‘แƒฃแƒ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒคแƒแƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”). แƒ แƒแƒชแƒ แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒกแƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ—แƒ”แƒš แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒชแƒ˜แƒคแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ, แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒš, 1970-80-แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒœแƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒฃแƒ  แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒ”แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฐแƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒฌแƒ แƒแƒคแƒแƒ“ แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒญแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ— แƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. โ€žแƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ  แƒฃแƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ. แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ—. แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒก แƒแƒ  แƒฐแƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒก. แƒ แƒแƒชแƒ แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ แƒ”แƒฅแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœ แƒแƒฆแƒแƒ  แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒญแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— โ€“ แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ–แƒ” แƒฃแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒฆแƒแƒœ. แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ’ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ–แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒแƒ  แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒ—, แƒœแƒ”แƒš-แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒฅแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒกโ€œ โ€“ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒฃแƒฐแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ›แƒ, แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ›แƒ. แƒ•แƒ—แƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒแƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒกแƒแƒงแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฏแƒœแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒฅแƒ˜. แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ›แƒแƒช แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ“แƒ, แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ— โ€žแƒ›แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ” แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ—แƒแƒœโ€œ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“ แƒฃแƒ™แƒ•แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ›แƒ”แƒงแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ— แƒ™แƒ˜แƒขแƒฉแƒฃแƒ  แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒกแƒœแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ—, แƒฅแƒแƒ แƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ”. Adrien Tache West African Photographer โ€œFrom 2012 to 2014, itโ€™s on the West African road, aboard the Mercedes 911 (an old fireman truck from the moving photography school โ€œAtelier Nomadeโ€) that I have met them, from Mauritania to Guinea Conakry (and Senegal, Mali & Burkina Faso). While nowadays, digital photography is used almost all around the world, most of them were still equipped with old silver-based camera from the 70/80s. They were having economic difficulties and needed quick changes. โ€œWe never had any photography training in our lives, we learned how to use our cameras by ourselves, thatโ€™s why our pictures donโ€™t look professional at all. When everyone will get his own camera, they wonโ€™t need us anymore, as they might shoot even better than us. If we do not have any good training, we will disappear little by little and only laboratory will remain, for the customers,โ€ โ€“ told me Mohamed, a photographer from Mauritania. Feeling that I was between two pages of African photography history, I wanted to immortalize them with their third eye, inside their kitschy studios or outside, during wedding or ceremonies.



แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒก แƒžแƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒชแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฏแƒ’แƒฃแƒค-แƒฏแƒ’แƒฃแƒคแƒแƒ“ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒแƒชแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ แƒแƒ–แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ โ€“ แƒแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ โ€žแƒ˜แƒกแƒšแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒฌแƒ˜แƒคแƒแƒกโ€œ แƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒ—แƒฎแƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒแƒกแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ“, แƒแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ แƒ›แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒแƒก แƒ“แƒแƒฃแƒญแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ˜. แƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒœแƒแƒ’แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒœแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฆแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ” แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ, แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฅแƒแƒก แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒฆแƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒกแƒ™แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒฆแƒ” แƒ˜แƒงแƒแƒก. แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒก แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒช แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก. แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“, แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ—แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ›แƒ—แƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒœ แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒฅแƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ› แƒ—แƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒซแƒ˜แƒšแƒ–แƒ”, แƒฅแƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒก โ€“ แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒงแƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒกแƒšแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒฌแƒ˜แƒคแƒแƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒ˜แƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒ แƒ แƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ’แƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒฎแƒœแƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒฏแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ— แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒงแƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”. แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœ, แƒฅแƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ โ€žแƒ˜แƒกแƒšแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒฌแƒ˜แƒคแƒแƒกโ€œ แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’ แƒฃแƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒ› แƒซแƒแƒšแƒแƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒฅแƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒกแƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒก. Alex Potter The Defenders Young Syrian Kurds are joining protection units in droves, not only to drive out the threat of ISIS and terrorism, but to join the fight for a peaceful and inclusive Kurdistan. Upholding values of camaraderie, nationalism, and gender equality, young Kurdish men and women are living every day like their last โ€“ and for many of them, it is. Yet they push forward with courage and a long-suffering strength that is defining this generation of Kurdish youth. For the first time in many years, the Kurds are united against a single enemy โ€“ ISIS โ€“ driving recruitment and morale from battlefields in Rojava to eastern Iraqi Kurdistan. Though they are young, this generation of Kurds is an essential ally in the fight against ISIS, and those who will drive the direction of Kurdistan once the dust settles.



แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒ แƒ“แƒ” แƒคแƒ แƒแƒœแƒชแƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ Delhirium แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ› แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒช แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒ แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒซแƒ˜แƒšแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒฃแƒงแƒแƒ แƒ” แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅ แƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒจแƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒ•แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘. แƒ”แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒฎแƒ”-แƒ™แƒฃแƒœแƒญแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒซแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ. แƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒžแƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒก, โ€žแƒ›แƒแƒฐแƒแƒ‘แƒฐแƒแƒ แƒแƒขแƒแƒกโ€œ แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ“, แƒซแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒแƒžแƒ แƒแƒกแƒขแƒฐแƒแƒก แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒฃแƒคแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒซแƒแƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒš แƒ™แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒแƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ. แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒš แƒ“แƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒก แƒ˜แƒ› แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒก แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒก. แƒกแƒฃแƒ‘แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ แƒแƒžแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ 17 แƒ›แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒก แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒก. แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒซแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ, แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก, แƒ แƒแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒช แƒแƒ  แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒงแƒแƒก, แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒฌแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ” แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ โ€“ แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜: แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒฃแƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ›แƒฃแƒกแƒšแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฐแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒฏแƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ‘แƒฃแƒ“แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜. แƒ’แƒแƒซแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒขแƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜แƒก แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ— โ€“ แƒแƒ—แƒแƒกแƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒฌแƒงแƒ˜แƒกแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒ แƒฌแƒงแƒ˜แƒœแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒฆแƒ˜แƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒงแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜. แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜ โ€“ แƒ‘แƒฃแƒฆแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜, แƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒœ, แƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช โ€œแƒคแƒฎแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ”แƒšโ€œ แƒซแƒ˜แƒš-แƒ‘แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒœแƒจแƒ˜ แƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒก แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒฃแƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ แƒแƒœ. Andrea De Franciscis Delhirium The images that I present are part of a job that I started to put together two years ago in Delhi, the city where I live in. A kind of search into myself and in the bowels of this city. According to the work-religious epic Mahabharata, the Pandava brothers fought the Kauravas cousins for possession of the first settlement, Indraprastha. Seven cities form today in that place the capital of India. Delhi, the largest metropolitan area in the subcontinent with over 17 million people. The most polluted in the world, but ironically also the greenest. A crossroads of peoples and religions: Hindus, Muslims, Sikhs, Christians, Jains, Buddhists and Jews. A scrawny urban wildlife in juxtaposition with the glitz of the rich born at the turn of milennium. A place of disgrace and degradation. Hazy, noisy yet full of colors, scents and humanity that, with โ€œquickโ€ sleepiness try to face the future.



แƒ”แƒœแƒกแƒแƒคแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒจแƒแƒจแƒฎแƒแƒœแƒ, 2013, แƒแƒจแƒจ แƒกแƒแƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ แƒจแƒแƒจแƒฎแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก 5-แƒ“แƒแƒœ 12 แƒฌแƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒ›แƒ–แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. 22-แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒกแƒฃแƒ‘แƒฃแƒฅแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒžแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒžแƒแƒ แƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒจแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒแƒฐแƒแƒ˜แƒแƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒขแƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒ”แƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒก, แƒขแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒขแƒ˜แƒ แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒแƒฆแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒแƒฆแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ•แƒ”แƒซแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒฆแƒ. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ“แƒ, แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ  แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒญแƒ“แƒ แƒคแƒ˜แƒ แƒ–แƒ”, แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒจแƒแƒจแƒฎแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒ, แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒจแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ“แƒแƒ—. AnSofie Kesteleyn My First Rifle, 2013, USA Crickett rifles are especially designed for children between the ages of five and twelve. The .22-calibre guns are lightweight, made to smaller proportions, and come in a variety of colors. During a road trip from Ohio all the way down to Texas, I went from range to range, from gun shop to gun shop, house to house, looking for children with a Crickett to photograph. I wanted to capture them in their own environment, with their own first rifles, and see what they were afraid of.



แƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒคแƒ˜แƒœ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ โ€žแƒ™แƒ˜แƒœแƒกแƒ”แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒกโ€œ แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒกแƒฌแƒแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ โ€žแƒ™แƒ˜แƒœแƒกแƒ”แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒโ€œ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒช โ€žแƒ—แƒฎแƒฃแƒ—แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฆแƒกแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒœแƒแƒ• แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒกแƒฌแƒแƒฃแƒšแƒกแƒแƒชโ€œ แƒฃแƒฌแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ, แƒšแƒแƒ—แƒ˜แƒœแƒฃแƒ  แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒก แƒ›แƒ”-15 แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒ”แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒกแƒฌแƒแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒงแƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒก แƒแƒฆแƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒก. แƒ—แƒฃแƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒกแƒฌแƒแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒแƒœแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒแƒฆแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒญแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ–แƒ” แƒขแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ. แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒšแƒ-แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ, แƒ”แƒก แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒกแƒฌแƒแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ แƒแƒฆแƒแƒช แƒ”.แƒฌ. โ€œsweet sixteenโ€-แƒ˜แƒก (16 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฆแƒกแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”) แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฆแƒแƒ›แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒฏแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ˜แƒ. โ€žแƒ™แƒ˜แƒœแƒกแƒ”แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒกโ€œ โ€“ แƒแƒœแƒฃ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒก, แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•, แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜, แƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒชแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ–แƒ”แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒกแƒแƒฉแƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒ› แƒ™แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ”แƒชแƒ•แƒ แƒ–แƒฆแƒแƒžแƒ แƒฃแƒš แƒ›แƒ”แƒฏแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ–แƒ”. โ€žแƒ™แƒ˜แƒœแƒกแƒ”แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒโ€œ, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒฌแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜, โ€žแƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกโ€œ-แƒ˜แƒก, แƒแƒœแƒฃ แƒฅแƒแƒ แƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฃแƒแƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒแƒฏแƒแƒฎแƒ˜, แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ— แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒฆแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒ™แƒ˜, แƒ›แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒžแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒก แƒแƒ  แƒ˜แƒจแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒแƒ› แƒฆแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒซแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ“. แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒแƒ , แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒฌแƒงแƒ•แƒ˜แƒขแƒ”, แƒแƒ› แƒ’แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒฌแƒแƒ•แƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ แƒฃแƒ™แƒ”แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ’แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒก แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒก แƒ”แƒก แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒกแƒฌแƒแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒแƒฏแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก. แƒ‘แƒแƒ’แƒแƒขแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ”, แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒกแƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ โ€žแƒ™แƒ˜แƒœแƒกแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒกโ€œ แƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒฎแƒ•แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒก แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒกแƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒฃแƒฆแƒ”. Delphine Bedel Celebrating the โ€œquinceaรฑeraโ€ in Colombia โ€œQuinceaรฑeraโ€ also called โ€œfiesta de quince aรฑosโ€ is the celebration of a girlโ€™s fifteenth birthday in parts of Latin America and marks the transition from childhood to young womanhood. If the celebration varies significantly across countries, it has a great importance in Colombia where it is very traditional and common. From an anglo-saxon perspective, the festival would seem a combination of a โ€œsweet sixteenโ€ birthday party combined with a coming out ball for debutantes. The โ€œquinceaรฑeraโ€, i.e. the birthday girl usually wears a big colorful dress that is the visible centerpiece of this celebration and mirrors what Cinderella mightโ€™ve worn to her fairytale ball. The โ€œQuinceaรฑeraโ€ is usually considered as mini โ€œbodasโ€, or miniature weddings and a lot of families do not hesitate to spend millions of pesos to organize the event, even among the poorest ones. As a woman myself, I decided to go and meet these girls in order to better understand what this celebration really means for them and their family. I spent two months in Bogota and met various โ€œQuinceaรฑerasโ€ in their home and took a portrait of each girl, posing in their own environment with their birthday dresses.



แƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒคแƒ˜แƒœ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒแƒ˜แƒฃแƒก แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒฎแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—-แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒกแƒ™แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒšแƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ”แƒ— แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒฉแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ”แƒ— แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒกแƒฃแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ•แƒแƒ˜แƒฃแƒก แƒขแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—-แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒกแƒ™แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒšแƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ. แƒ’แƒฃแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒก แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒฃแƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒœแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ” แƒ”แƒก แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ› แƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒ— แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒฎแƒ—แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒ”แƒกแƒžแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒแƒ  แƒ“แƒแƒฃแƒžแƒงแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒแƒช แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ แƒฉแƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒช แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒ แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒจแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ˜แƒ”แƒก, แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒแƒฆแƒฅแƒ›แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ–แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ  แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ  แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒก แƒ”แƒคแƒฃแƒซแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒก แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒช แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ“แƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒœ แƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒš แƒขแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก โ€“ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ แƒ›แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒžแƒšแƒจแƒ”แƒฌแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒแƒก, แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒš แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒžแƒแƒžแƒฃแƒ  แƒฌแƒ”แƒก-แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒฃแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒ’แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒฃแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒกแƒแƒ› แƒฌแƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒœแƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒฐแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒจแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. แƒ’แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒก แƒแƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ  แƒ’แƒแƒฎแƒ“แƒ”แƒก แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒšแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜. แƒฐแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ•แƒแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒฐแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒ—แƒแƒ“ แƒขแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ โ€“ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒช แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒœ, แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒกแƒแƒงแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒ“ แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒœ. แƒ›แƒจแƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ  แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฌแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฏแƒแƒญแƒ•แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ, แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒžแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ•แƒแƒ˜แƒฃแƒก แƒฏแƒ’แƒฃแƒคแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒก แƒ”แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. Delphine Bedel The Wayรบu people One of the last matriarchal clan communities Located in the most northern area of South America, at the border of Colombia and Venezuela, the Wayรบu Indians represent one of the last matriarchal communities in the world. Living in the semi-desert region of La Guajira, these Indians are one of the few people who have not been conquered by the Spanish and who have maintained some independence, with even a dual citizenship between the two countries. If they opted for a cultural and biological miscegenation, their worldview is very different from the Western one and is based on a collective imagination and mystical universe. They continue today to perpetrate their traditions, such as animal sacrifices, funeral ceremonies and other ancestral rites perpetrated by the shaman of the clan. Girls are exposed to rituals when they start menstruating and go through a period of seclusion for anywhere from three months up to three years in a hammock hung near the house. She is taught how to become a woman and a leader in the society. Living in harmony with nature, they rarely leave their territory except to sell their crafts in the village. Their attachment to their land they claim is ancestral and ensures the reproduction of the Wayรบu groups and therefore their own survival.



แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ แƒขแƒ” แƒ™แƒแƒฃแƒคแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜

แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜ โ€žแƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜โ€œ แƒ˜แƒ แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ›แƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒ”แƒก แƒฏแƒ’แƒฃแƒคแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒขแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก. แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒก แƒขแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒฅแƒ แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ 21-แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ— แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒžแƒฃแƒš แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒฎแƒแƒš แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ”แƒซแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒ แƒขแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒชแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ  แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ  แƒžแƒแƒ แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒšแƒฃแƒ  แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒ”แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒแƒฉแƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒ—; แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ–แƒ”แƒช แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒจแƒ” แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒ—แƒแƒ“ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒฌแƒ•แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ—. แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒกแƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒงแƒ, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒฅแƒแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒฃแƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒ—, แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒ แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒแƒฏแƒแƒฎแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒ’แƒ–แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒก, แƒแƒ แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒก โ€“ แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ“, แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒฌแƒงแƒšแƒ˜แƒก, แƒกแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒจแƒ”. 2011 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ–แƒแƒคแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒšแƒ™แƒกแƒ•แƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ•แƒขแƒแƒ‘แƒฃแƒกแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ˜แƒ แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ”, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒฆแƒ. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ“แƒ, แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒฆแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒ. แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒ, แƒฃแƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒšแƒแƒ“, แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ“แƒ; แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒซแƒ˜แƒšแƒ–แƒ”, แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ• แƒœแƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ“แƒฆแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ”, แƒชแƒฎแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒงแƒแƒšแƒแƒก แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒšแƒ แƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก. แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ, แƒ”แƒก แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒš แƒ’แƒแƒญแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒแƒช แƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ“ แƒจแƒ”แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒ”แƒ แƒ— แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“ แƒแƒฏแƒแƒฎแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒขแƒแƒฅแƒขแƒ˜. แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒ แƒ”. แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ” แƒ“แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒฎแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ—. Birte Kaufmann The Travellers My photographic project โ€žThe Travellersโ€œ gives insight into the everyday life of Irelandโ€™s largest minority group. This group has a nomadic origin, stemming from the tradition of migrant workers. As this tradition no longer exists, the travellers are looking for a new identity within the Western European society of the 21st century. Both the travellersโ€™ traditions and their way of life are so different that they are met with little acceptance by the rest of the Irish society. The travellers live in a kind of parallel world with rules all of its own and traditional gender roles, a world to which outsiders have little access. To this day, some traveller families live by the roadside illegally โ€“ mostly without electricity, running water or sanitation, even though the government has provided halting sites for the travellers where they can stay with their caravans. In the summer of 2011, I travelled to Ireland with a VW bus in order to photograph the travellers. I wanted to capture the travellersโ€™ way of life and their values in pictures. In doing so, I did not want to romanticize them, but rather show their everyday life. A life where people still hunt rabbits and where horses play a vital role. But it is also a life that contains hardship and boredom from an early age. Since my first encounter with the travellers, I have been in touch with one large family. Over time, I have gained their trust. Consequently, I was allowed to live with them so that I and my camera became part of their daily lives.



แƒคแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒฅแƒก แƒคแƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ  แƒแƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒช แƒแƒชแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ  แƒจแƒ”แƒ”แƒซแƒšแƒ

แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜ แƒแƒจแƒจ-แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒขแƒแƒœแƒแƒก แƒจแƒขแƒแƒขแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒคแƒแƒ แƒข แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒœแƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ แƒ แƒ”แƒ–แƒ”แƒ แƒ•แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒก แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒก 1851 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒžแƒ แƒแƒžแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ”, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒช แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ  แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ แƒ”แƒ–แƒ”แƒ แƒ•แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒขแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒซแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒก. แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒกแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒ”, แƒ—แƒฃ แƒกแƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ  แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ  แƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒฏแƒ”แƒ  แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ• แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒฃแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ แƒฉแƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒ”. แƒคแƒแƒ แƒข แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒœแƒแƒžแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒขแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒจแƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒก แƒ”แƒ›แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ, แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ˜แƒซแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒฎแƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ, แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“ แƒ”แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ—. แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒก 2626415 แƒ™แƒ›ยฒ แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ” แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒฌแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒก แƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒแƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒก. แƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒ— แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒ—แƒก แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก โ€“ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒช แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ, แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒŸแƒฆแƒ”แƒœแƒ—แƒ˜แƒšแƒก. แƒ”แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒฅแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ— แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒแƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒก โ€“ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒขแƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒแƒ แƒฌแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ– แƒ‘แƒฃแƒ›แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”. แƒ”แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ›แƒแƒงแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒแƒฆแƒฃแƒซแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒก โ€“ แƒแƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒแƒฃแƒชแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒก, แƒแƒกแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ™แƒ•แƒ” แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒแƒœ แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒก. แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒชแƒ“แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒแƒก โ€“ แƒ›แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฃแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. Felix von der Osten The Buffalo that Could Not Dream The project is about the Fort Belknap Indian Reservation in Montana, USA. It gives an Impression of the outcome of the 1851 Appropriations Act, that forced Native Americans into Reservations, with a focus on how and where they live, as well as their struggle to maintain their century old left culture. Fort Belknap is the shared homeland to the Gros Ventre and Assiniboine Tribes, who were historically enemies, but were forced to live together. The project lets the viewer explores a 2.626,415 sq km area, as it is, with its rich history in the past and present. It shows a slice of life, as it is now, with the beauty and richness of the Native culture. These thoughtful photographs give the viewer its time to examine everything, from the texture of a womanโ€™s braids to the softness of eagle feathers. It should make the viewer curious; only revealing enough that they can connect the dots for themselves. The work should create a feeling; a mood of the beautiful unknown.



แƒ’แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ” แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜ Urbis Occultae Exploratoris

แƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒฆแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒกแƒขแƒ แƒฃแƒฅแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒก, แƒคแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒชแƒœแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒแƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ• แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒš แƒ‘แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ• แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ˜แƒกแƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒจแƒ แƒ›แƒฆแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒก แƒแƒขแƒงแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ, แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ แƒ, แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ•แƒ”, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ” แƒฌแƒงแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ”แƒ™แƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฃแƒแƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒกแƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ”. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒ แƒ›แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒ, แƒซแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ” แƒ“แƒ แƒฏแƒแƒœแƒšแƒฃแƒ™แƒ แƒžแƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒ, แƒ”แƒก แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ• แƒ›แƒ–แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒฃแƒฅแƒ–แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒก. แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒขแƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒžแƒงแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒช แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ•แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒฎแƒ˜แƒ— แƒฃแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ. แƒ›แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฆแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒซแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ“, แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒš แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒแƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒคแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒกแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜, แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒ”.แƒฌ. S.C.A.M.-แƒ˜ (แƒ›แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฆแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ) แƒ“แƒแƒแƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒก. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ˜แƒกแƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒจ แƒ›แƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒ โ€“ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒญแƒ˜แƒ›แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒกแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ  แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ“, แƒกแƒคแƒแƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒกแƒ™แƒแƒก แƒ™แƒแƒจแƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ˜แƒ“แƒฃแƒ›แƒšแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒกแƒแƒกแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒšแƒแƒ•แƒก, แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ แƒแƒก แƒ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ–แƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ  แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒ‘แƒ แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒก แƒฃแƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒจแƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒœ-แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒแƒก แƒ”แƒ™แƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒฌแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒจ แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ˜แƒ“แƒฃแƒ›แƒšแƒ แƒ’แƒ–แƒ. แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฆแƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒ แƒฃแƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ แƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒฎแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ โ€“ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒซแƒ˜แƒ แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒชแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒจแƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฏแƒแƒ แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ™แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ–แƒแƒ’ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒ›แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ แƒ‘แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ, แƒ›แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒก แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ™แƒ แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ  แƒจแƒ”แƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒฎแƒแƒ› แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ? แƒซแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘ แƒžแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒแƒ แƒฅแƒ”แƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ แƒฅแƒ˜แƒขแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒฃแƒš แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒก แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ•แƒฃแƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒšแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ—, แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒชแƒ แƒฏแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒงแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ  แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒก. แƒกแƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“แƒแƒช, แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒฏแƒ”แƒ  แƒแƒ›แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ  แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒฃแƒ™แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒช. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒšแƒแƒช แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒœ, แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒกแƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ”แƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ—. แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ แƒแƒก แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒกแƒ˜แƒฆแƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒแƒกแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒก, แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒ™แƒ”แƒ— แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒก แƒฃแƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒก. แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ, แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒแƒช แƒ”แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ แƒ แƒฎแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ–แƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ— โ€“ แƒแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒแƒ แƒฅแƒ˜แƒขแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜, แƒแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“ แƒกแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒ แƒฅแƒชแƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒกแƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒ—. แƒ”แƒก แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒฆแƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ, แƒกแƒแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒแƒช แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒคแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ”แƒ–แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก. แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒก แƒ˜แƒ แƒ’แƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒ• แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฆแƒ‘แƒ”แƒญแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜. แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ›แƒแƒงแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒก โ€“ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒแƒช แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒชแƒแƒ“แƒœแƒ˜แƒก, แƒกแƒฃแƒš แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒงแƒฃแƒ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒซแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—.

Gabriele Micalizzi Urbis Occultae Exploratoris Speleology is the scientific study of caves and other karst features, their make-up, structure, physical properties and history. Besides countless hidden natural underground caves, humankind left its trace, to then forget all about it. Milanโ€™s underground, as many other italian ones, is full of sewage pipes, tunnels, military bases, crypts, churches and loads of forgotten works. Brothers Davide and Gianluca Padovan, explorers and speleologists from Milan brought all of this back to light. Theyโ€™re bound by a strong passion for speleology, which theyโ€™ve been practising with an innovative spin. Instead of looking for mountain caves, they focus on urban ones, giving life to the so called S.C.A.M (Artificial Cavity Speleology Milan). Thereโ€™s a whole word below Milanโ€™s ground: miles and miles of canals and tunnels, multi-level structures hiding main pieces of history such as Sforzesco Castleโ€™s secret passages, the underground railway in Central Station and the secret passage hidden in Holy Virginโ€™s case in San Marco church in Brera area. Unusual point of views for describing a city; from its foundations, where traces of past civilisations can be found, in order to dig into which supports the city. Many of this sites are forbidden for public users or, in some cases, unclear guidelines rule them. However, a researcherโ€™s spirit canโ€™t really stop in front of bureaucracy, can it? Padovan brothers served out several archeological and architectural findings which never received the right acknowledgement they should; in fact, they often been banned from some of these places. Though for Milanโ€™s authorities they do represent a problem, theyโ€™d instead be an extraordinary resource. Exploring a cityโ€™s underground helps digging โ€“ literally deep down- a better understanding of it, besides finding out exactly what is going on upstairs, not only architectural wise, but also in a social and behavioural way. From a cityโ€™s depths the environmental and physic reasons that determined the reality we live in and see every day really emerge. Past traces are hidden everywhere around us; theyโ€™re waiting for someoneโ€™s curiosity, likely as the Padovanโ€™s, somebody driven by that thirst of knowledge, to always find out more โ€“ and not only metaphorically โ€“ through the cityโ€™s history.



แƒฏแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒš แƒกแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ แƒแƒฅ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒ แƒ’แƒ˜แƒŸแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ, 2014. แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ I-II แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒก, แƒ’แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒก, แƒ—แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒ”แƒœ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”, แƒ‘แƒแƒ—แƒฃแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ โ€“ แƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒกแƒ™แƒ”แƒœ, แƒงแƒแƒ–แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ’แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ• แƒ—แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ‘แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ˜. แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒก แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒžแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ แƒญแƒฃแƒญแƒ แƒฃแƒขแƒแƒœแƒแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒก, แƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒ“ แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒงแƒแƒ แƒœแƒ”แƒœ. โ€žแƒแƒฅ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒ แƒ’แƒ˜แƒŸแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœโ€œ โ€“ แƒแƒกแƒ” แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ›แƒ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ›แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒงแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒชแƒ แƒ—แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒฃแƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒจแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ•แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ˜. แƒฅแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒช แƒคแƒแƒœแƒแƒ“ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘, แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ› แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ˜แƒ”, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜. แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜, แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ แƒฌแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ’แƒแƒขแƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒแƒœแƒก. แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ“, แƒแƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒฆแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜, แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ แƒ–แƒแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜, แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒžแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒ—. Giovanna Del Sarto Only Crazy People Take Pictures Here, 2014. Part I-II During my trip to Georgia, I traveled from Tbilisi to Gori on St George day, from Batumi to Khulo, from Kazbegi and back to Tbilisi. This series of portraits are a little window on people of Georgia who crossed my path. The title Only Crazy People Take Pictures Here comes from what a lady shouted at me while I was taking pictures in a suburb area of Tbilisi. The backdrop fabric has been chosen keeping in mind each town where I took the portrait. Every person is depicted with an object or simply with their believes or passions as Tina Gabashvili who is an Opera singer or Edo Mirzoiani and his bread.



แƒฏแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ™แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ 1999 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก, แƒ™แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒแƒก แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒแƒกแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒšแƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒšแƒแƒชแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒฃแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒ˜แƒซแƒแƒ แƒชแƒ•แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒกแƒแƒช แƒ”แƒ—แƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ -แƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒคแƒฃแƒซแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฐแƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ. แƒ™แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ—แƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒšแƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒšแƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒฃแƒ  แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ• แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒซแƒ˜แƒ แƒ™แƒ• แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒฉแƒœแƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒœ. แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒ”แƒกแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒœแƒ˜แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒฃแƒ แƒ“แƒ. แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒซแƒ˜แƒšแƒ–แƒ”, แƒ™แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ— แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒžแƒแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒฃแƒš แƒฎแƒ˜แƒ“แƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒ. โ€žแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜โ€œ แƒฏแƒ”แƒ  แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ• แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒš แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒช แƒ›แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒš แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ แƒฉแƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒฌแƒ”แƒฃแƒš แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒฎแƒ›แƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒก แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒก. แƒ แƒแƒชแƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒฎแƒกแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒจแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฃแƒ’แƒฃแƒœแƒฃแƒ  แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ–แƒœแƒ”แƒก-แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ›แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒžแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ”แƒฌแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ. แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒ™แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒ“แƒ, แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒงแƒจแƒ˜แƒช แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒ”แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ›แƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฌแƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒแƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒก. แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒฆแƒแƒช แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ” แƒ˜แƒงแƒ, แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒ“ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒชแƒ โ€“ แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ–แƒœแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ–แƒœแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒขแƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒš แƒกแƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ“. Giovanni Cocco Forgotten Memories Since the end of the Kosovo War in 1999, more than one hundred Christian Orthodox places of worship have been destroyed or looted for ethnic-religious reasons. Ethnic Albanians in Kosovo still perceive the Orthodox monasteries as symbols which need to be eradicated. Many important examples of the artistic and cultural roots of contemporary Europe have been lost. For centuries, Kosovo and its monasteries represented an artistic and cultural bridge between Western Europe and Byzantium. Forgotten memories documents the living conditions of the monastic communities that continue to reside in the few monasteries still standing, and the efforts of those monks to preserve them. Where memory is erased, places lose their identity, falling prey to injustice and unscrupulous business dealings. What happened in Kosovo also happened in Iraq, whose cultural heritage has been wiped out. Once historical sites have become nondescript areas, the void flooded by business for business sake.



แƒฏแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ™แƒ แƒฉแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ•แƒฃแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒฉแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒ— โ€“ แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒ—, แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ  แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒฃแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ•แƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒฐแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ•แƒฃแƒ“แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒแƒกแƒฌแƒ แƒแƒœ. แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒ—-แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒกแƒแƒฉแƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ โ€œHengdian World Studiosโ€, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช โ€žแƒแƒ™แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜แƒกโ€œ, แƒžแƒ”แƒ™แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ–แƒฃแƒกแƒข แƒแƒกแƒšแƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒก. แƒฉแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒ”แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒชแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒแƒฃแƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ› 2018 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒจแƒจ-แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒฃแƒกแƒฌแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒฐแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ•แƒฃแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒฉแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒแƒ™แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒก (แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒฌแƒแƒ“แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒฅ แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ 34 แƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜) แƒฉแƒ˜แƒœแƒฃแƒ  แƒ™แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒžแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ™แƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒฃแƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก. แƒ”แƒก แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒแƒœแƒ แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒกแƒฌแƒ แƒแƒคแƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒ–แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ. แƒแƒ—แƒฎแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒซแƒ˜แƒšแƒ–แƒ”, แƒ™แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒแƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ“แƒ, แƒ’แƒแƒงแƒ˜แƒ“แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ˜แƒชแƒฎแƒ•แƒ›แƒ แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“ 30%-แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ. Giulio Di Sturco Chollywood The Chinese have the ambitious goal to overtake Hollywood with large investments to expand the industry. One visible example is Hengdian World Studios, the worldโ€™s largest film studios, with a 1:1 scale reproduction of Beijingโ€™s Forbidden City. China has become the secondlargest market in the world and is expected to overtake the US by 2018. Hollywood has countered Chinese restrictions (only 34 foreign films are permitted each year) by making blockbuster co-productions with Chinese film companies. The country is the fastest-growing market for film in the world. The number of cinemas has doubled in four years, and the number of tickets sold increased by 30% per year.



แƒฐแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒก แƒ˜แƒฃแƒœแƒ’แƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜? แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ”แƒ— แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒฅแƒชแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ”แƒ— แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ แƒแƒชแƒ แƒฉแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ”แƒ— แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ”แƒ— แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒœ, แƒ˜แƒฅ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœ. แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ, แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ”แƒ— แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒจแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒฃแƒ  แƒกแƒ˜แƒขแƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ˜แƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒช แƒ™แƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ”แƒ— แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒจแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒฉแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒ—แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒกแƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒแƒ“ แƒฉแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒจแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœ. แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒจแƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒกแƒฃแƒš แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒก. แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒช แƒฉแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ”แƒ— แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ” แƒ›แƒขแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ (แƒแƒจแƒจ), แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ. โ€žแƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒแƒขแƒ›แƒโ€œ แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ›แƒ แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒฃแƒคแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ› แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒกแƒจแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒแƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒช แƒ›แƒแƒแƒกแƒฌแƒ แƒ. แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ”แƒ— แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ แƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒš-แƒแƒฎแƒแƒš แƒฉแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ”แƒš แƒ›แƒแƒซแƒ›แƒ”แƒก แƒแƒ  แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒฉแƒแƒกแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒก, แƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒšแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒžแƒ˜แƒœแƒซแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒœแƒแƒ“, แƒฉแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ”แƒ— แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ 15 000 แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒ™-แƒจแƒ˜ แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒฎแƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒฉแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ”แƒ— แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ”แƒญแƒ•แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“ แƒ—แƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒก. แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ”แƒ— แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ  แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ—. แƒฉแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ”แƒ— แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒแƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ, แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒจแƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒชแƒ แƒฃแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒฃแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜. แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒก แƒฉแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ”แƒ— แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ. แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒชแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ—แƒ แƒฃแƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒฉแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒจแƒ˜, แƒจแƒ”แƒฃแƒ›แƒฉแƒœแƒ”แƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ แƒช แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒแƒฉแƒœแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒชแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ›แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒซแƒšแƒ แƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒแƒ  แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒœ; แƒžแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒก แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒจแƒ˜แƒช แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ˜แƒ’แƒœแƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒฎแƒแƒ› แƒแƒ  แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒœแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜? แƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒžแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒฎแƒแƒ แƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜? Hannes Jung Pioneers of the Reunification? North Korean Defectors in South Korea When North Korean defectors arrive in South Korea, they are strangers. They are speaking the same language, but they are using old-fashioned words compared to the South Koreans. Even if they were educated for the same jobs as South Koreans, their education is too old fashioned for getting these jobs. They were taught a completely different history of their country. Who once was the enemy in North Korea (United States) is now the friend. And school children are already being warned by the โ€œevilโ€ North Korean government. The South Korean society doesnโ€™t welcome their old-new brother from the North. Upon arrival, North Koreans receive 15.000 โ‚ฌ as welcome money from SK. But for the majority of people in SK, the defectors are considered suspisious. South Koreans donโ€™t want to make contact. Most of the North Koreans are lonely, frustrated by their new country and without a job. A few of them even wish to go back to North Korea. The majority of the defectors have a life in the dark, not recognized and without any past. Just a few of the defectors could bring something from their old home to their new. They represent two cultures. They create a small world containing the two societies in one. Are they the forerunners of a reunification? A reunification is the political goal, but will it happen?



แƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒœ แƒขแƒ˜แƒฎแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒกแƒ แƒ–แƒ” แƒฏแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ

แƒ”แƒก แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ•แƒฃแƒšแƒ™แƒแƒœ แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒกแƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒแƒ“ แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒก แƒ›แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ”แƒ. แƒ”แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒงแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ. แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ— แƒ˜แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ–แƒ”, แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ–แƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒแƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ•แƒฃแƒšแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒขแƒ”แƒœแƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ. แƒšแƒ”แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ“, แƒขแƒ”แƒœแƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒฎแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฏแƒแƒžแƒแƒฐแƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒ›แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ—แƒ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒฅ แƒ›แƒ”-15 แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. แƒขแƒ”แƒœแƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ—แƒ แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒก (แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒฐแƒ›แƒแƒก) แƒฌแƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒฉแƒœแƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒœ. แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ แƒแƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ•แƒฃแƒšแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ, แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒฎแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒฃแƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒ—แƒฎแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒ”แƒก แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒกแƒ แƒ–แƒ” แƒฏแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒก แƒฐแƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒก. แƒ˜แƒกแƒฃแƒœแƒ—แƒฅแƒแƒ• แƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒคแƒšแƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒช แƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒ”แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก, แƒ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒ— แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ–แƒแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒฏแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜. แƒ’แƒแƒฎแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒ”แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒฆแƒ” แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒกแƒ™แƒœแƒ”แƒš แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ“ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒชแƒ”แƒก โ€“ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ’แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒ•แƒ˜แƒซแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ-แƒแƒ แƒแƒšแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒฎแƒ›แƒ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒ”.

Ivan Tykhy Sitting on a powder keg This is a story about people that live too close to Volcano Bromo. This is a story about loving oneโ€™s own land. Volcano Bromo is an active volcano and part of the Tengger massif in East Java, Indonesia. According to legend, Tengger people are the direct descendants of the Majapahit Empire and live there since 15th century. For the Tengger (local people), Mount Bromo (Brahma) is believed to be a holy mountain. People here are used to adjusting their lives because of the constant threat of eruption, as Bromo is an active volcano. Itโ€™s like sitting on a powder keg, breathing ashes which tastes like blood, so salty and ferociously ferriferous. It is really challenging to bear in mind that every new day can be the last one in your life. But so few of them would agree to leave their homes if the Giant woke up.



แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒฃแƒœแƒ’แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒกแƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒกแƒขแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒ”แƒแƒขแƒ แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒ—-แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฏแƒแƒ แƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒแƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ. แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒš แƒฃแƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒ”แƒแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒ˜ แƒฐแƒงแƒแƒ•แƒก. แƒกแƒแƒกแƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒกแƒขแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒงแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒœ แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฃแƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜, แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ™แƒ”แƒ แƒซแƒแƒ“ แƒ™แƒ˜, แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ โ€žแƒกแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒŸแƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ แƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒกโ€œ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒจแƒ˜. แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒกแƒ™แƒœแƒ”แƒš แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒ”แƒแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒœแƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ, แƒ›แƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ” แƒ แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ“, แƒกแƒฃแƒš แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜ แƒกแƒขแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ, แƒกแƒขแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒšแƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒ. แƒกแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ”, แƒ‘แƒฃแƒคแƒ”แƒขแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒกแƒฌแƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•. แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒ” แƒกแƒขแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”, แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒ”แƒแƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒจแƒขแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ”.

Matthias Jung Stage Extras One of the main characteristics of the German theatre scene is the great number of public theatres and opera houses. Nearly every district in the capital has got a theatre building and itโ€™s own company. Stage extras have always been an essential part in many productions, especially in operas and in particular in the german โ€ždirectorโ€™s theatreโ€œ. The critical financial status of many theatre houses in the last years led to the situation in which more and more extras get small roles instead of professional actors. Nervertheless, the main activity of extras is waiting. In their cloakroom, on staircaises, in the canteen and alongside the stage. For my portrait series, I photographed extras during their waiting time and for this reason, I visited theatres all over Germany.



แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒฃแƒคแƒ”แƒšแƒ–แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒฅแƒ”แƒกแƒšแƒ›แƒ”แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒ”แƒกแƒšแƒ›แƒ”แƒ˜แƒœแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒก, แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ—แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒญแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ—, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ”แƒก แƒ•แƒ˜แƒฅแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒขแƒ˜แƒžแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜แƒ. แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒฎแƒ•แƒ“แƒ”แƒ— แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒก แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœแƒ–แƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒแƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒ–แƒ”: โ€žแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒแƒก แƒ—แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒฅแƒ”แƒกแƒšแƒ›แƒ”แƒ˜แƒœแƒจแƒ˜, แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒขแƒ แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒฐแƒแƒ—-แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ แƒจแƒ˜โ€œ. แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒจแƒ”แƒฎแƒ•แƒ“แƒ”แƒ— แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒกแƒแƒฌแƒ•แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒฃแƒ แƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜, แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜แƒก 7000 แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒ— โ€žแƒฅแƒ”แƒกแƒšแƒ›แƒ”แƒ˜แƒœ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกโ€œ แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒจแƒ˜แƒช แƒ แƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒฅแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜, แƒฏแƒ”แƒค แƒฏแƒแƒœแƒกแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ—แƒ”แƒš แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒฎแƒ›แƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒก แƒแƒฅแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒก. แƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ โ€žแƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒจแƒ˜โ€œ โ€“ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜แƒก แƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒš แƒ—แƒ”แƒแƒขแƒ แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒžแƒแƒžแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ แƒฃแƒš แƒ™แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒแƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒก โ€“ แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒฃแƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒฃแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒแƒ—. แƒ™แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ— แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ˜แƒฏแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒแƒšแƒ‘แƒแƒ—แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ, แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒจแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ  แƒกแƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ˜แƒ แƒœแƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒฃแƒš แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ แƒ•แƒแƒฐแƒ˜แƒ“แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒฎแƒ•แƒ“แƒ”แƒ—. แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ 80 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒซแƒ˜แƒšแƒ–แƒ”, แƒžแƒแƒขแƒ แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒจแƒ”แƒซแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒš แƒ”แƒ แƒ—-แƒ”แƒ แƒ— แƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒ  แƒ˜แƒฃแƒขแƒจแƒ˜ (ute โ€“ แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ) แƒ›แƒกแƒฎแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜ แƒฏแƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒซแƒแƒฆแƒšแƒ˜, แƒจแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒแƒ—. แƒฏแƒแƒœแƒก แƒ˜แƒฃแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ แƒ”แƒ–แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒšแƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ”. แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒฃแƒ”แƒกแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฐแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒแƒ แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฎแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒฅ แƒฏแƒ”แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒแƒ—, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒก แƒงแƒ˜แƒ“แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒฃแƒ”แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒแƒ—, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ”แƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒจแƒ”แƒ–แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒจแƒ˜แƒœ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ–แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒฎแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒแƒฅแƒก แƒงแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜แƒก. แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ™แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ˜แƒฅแƒกแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ’แƒฎแƒ•แƒ“แƒ”แƒ—, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒแƒ แƒก แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ” แƒ›แƒฎแƒœแƒ”แƒ“ แƒ“แƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒฏแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ’แƒแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—, แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒฏแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ. แƒ แƒแƒฆแƒแƒช แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒจแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ˜แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒแƒ—, แƒ แƒแƒ›... แƒฅแƒ”แƒกแƒšแƒ›แƒ”แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒฐแƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒก. แƒแƒฅแƒ แƒแƒก แƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘-แƒชแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒ. แƒแƒ แƒช แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒจแƒแƒคแƒขแƒ˜แƒก, แƒแƒœ แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒแƒฅแƒแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒญแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒ”แƒก แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒฎแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ. แƒ›แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒญแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒขแƒแƒšแƒแƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ แƒแƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ.

Jan Dรผfelsiek Castlemaine Driving through Castlemaine you might get the impression that itโ€™s just a typical small town in county Victoria. You might see the mural โ€œWelcome to Castlemaine, Street Rod Centre of Australiaโ€ at the local petrol station. You might meet Bryan, the fuel station attendant, who seems to know every one of the 7,000 souls in town. You might buy an edition of the Castlemaine Mail that the editor, Jeff Jones, pours his effort into. You might read that paper at The Royal โ€“ a popular cafe inside the townโ€™s old theatre โ€“ enjoying a coffee made by Ry, barista and part-time musician. Sitting outside the cafรฉ you have a good chance of meeting Father Wahid as he goes about regular welcoming walks through the town. You might see John and his dog Shelley driving by in one of the vintage utes he has collected over his 80 years, alongside the tonnes of scrap metal in his backyard. You might visit Wesley Hill market and see Jane and her kids shopping for groceries. You might see Wayne selling homemade peanut butter with exotic flavours. You might meet Pixi, dressed as a pirate, who comes to the market every week and walks with such vigour you might wonder about the necessity of his crutches. At some point, you might realiseโ€ฆ Castlemaine is not like any other town. Itโ€™s not the Goldrush history, not the landscape, or the buildings that make the place magnetic. Itโ€™s the people. Itโ€™s the microcosm of friendships, of relationships, of rumours and passions and talents.



แƒฏแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒšแƒฃแƒ™แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒขแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ˜ 1966 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก 23 แƒ“แƒ”แƒ™แƒ”แƒ›แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒก, แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ–แƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ (แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ) แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ. แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ˜, แƒ˜แƒšแƒฃแƒ–แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ˜, แƒคแƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒ. แƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ™แƒจแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ 5 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ. 15-16 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒจแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ™แƒ•แƒ” แƒชแƒแƒšแƒ™แƒ” แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ, แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒญแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“; แƒ›แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒœ, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ. 19-แƒ“แƒแƒœ 31 แƒฌแƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒ”แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒ แƒ แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒญแƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒชแƒฃแƒ“แƒแƒ“ แƒ”แƒžแƒงแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ. แƒ“แƒ”แƒ“แƒ 2006 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒชแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒชแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ•แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ— แƒกแƒแƒกแƒแƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒšแƒ›แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ›, แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒ‘แƒแƒฆแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒฉแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒฎแƒ แƒฉแƒ. แƒ˜แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒแƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒœแƒ, แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก 1986 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒขแƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ˜แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก. แƒ‘แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒชแƒฎแƒ แƒ แƒšแƒ˜แƒ›แƒคแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ•แƒแƒœแƒซแƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒแƒญแƒ แƒ”แƒก แƒ“แƒ 2013 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก, แƒ›แƒฌแƒ•แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒ แƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒฎแƒšแƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ, แƒกแƒแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒงแƒแƒคแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒแƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ”แƒก. แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ” 10 แƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒกแƒแƒฆแƒแƒ›แƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— โ€“ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒก. แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ–แƒฆแƒฃแƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒ—แƒฎ แƒฉแƒ˜แƒฎแƒฃแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒแƒก โ€“ แƒขแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒก, แƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒฃแƒกแƒก, แƒ–แƒแƒ™แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒฏแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒก. 1998 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ›แƒŸแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒš แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒ  แƒšแƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ–แƒ” 7 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒ— แƒฃแƒ›แƒชแƒ แƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒ. Gianluca Micheletti Igor Igor was born on 23/12/1966 in Varese (Italy) and he is a magician, illusionist, fakir. He started to do shows at the age of 5 years in a circus. At the age of 15/16, he was already living alone with a boy. A friend with whom he did shows. Since the age of 19 until he turned 31, he attended a boy who mistreated him. His mother died in 2006 and his father hanged himself in the garden two years after, for the his desperate lack of the wife. Igor has undergone several surgeries including, the extraction of cavernous angioma from the brain, in 1986, the extraction of nine lymph nodes from the groin and in 2013, was hospitalized for severe rectal bleeding. Every day, he now takes 10 pills in the morning and three in the evening. He has reduced the numbers of shows and takes care of his animals, especially of the 4 chihuahua: Tatino, Venus, Zac and Jemy. Since 1998, he lives with his current partner Luca, who is 7 years younger than him.



แƒ˜แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ‘ แƒจแƒœแƒ”แƒขแƒชแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ•แƒแƒญแƒ แƒ แƒจแƒแƒฃ แƒกแƒแƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ” แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฅแƒแƒก แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ™แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒก. แƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฏแƒ’แƒฃแƒคแƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ•แƒแƒญแƒ แƒ แƒจแƒแƒฃ แƒ”แƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ‘แƒ โ€“ แƒกแƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒ˜, แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒแƒฆแƒ˜, แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ™แƒแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒจแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒฃแƒขแƒงแƒ•แƒ˜, แƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ›แƒ˜, แƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜แƒ, แƒกแƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒขแƒ”แƒฅแƒœแƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ, แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ.แƒจ. แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“, แƒกแƒแƒ•แƒแƒญแƒ แƒ แƒจแƒแƒฃแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒœแƒแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒ. แƒ›แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒกแƒขแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ แƒ™แƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก. แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒžแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ•แƒแƒญแƒ แƒ แƒจแƒแƒฃแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—-แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ”แƒ แƒฎแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜, แƒฃแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒก แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ, แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ•แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒžแƒšแƒแƒขแƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ, แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒฃแƒฅแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒขแƒแƒฅแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ. แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒฃแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒฉแƒœแƒ”แƒ•แƒ. แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒฌแƒแƒ“แƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒฅ 170-แƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ•แƒแƒญแƒ แƒ แƒจแƒแƒฃ แƒ”แƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ‘แƒ, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช 10 แƒ›แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒก. แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ•แƒแƒญแƒ แƒ แƒจแƒแƒฃแƒก แƒฆแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒซแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒขแƒแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒแƒ แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒชแƒแƒ“แƒ”. Jakob Schnetz Trade Show In the exhibition hall the global society appears as reflection. There are trade shows for each interest group: sex, arms, pets, art, jewelry, livestock, tourism, religion, IT, cars, etc. Despite this diversity, the trade shows resemble similar halls, standardized scenery, and tough fight for customers. For companies, trade shows are one of the most important marketing tools. Primarily, they serve as a communication platform for exhibitors and visitors to present new services and products โ€“ and promise new contacts, increase in customers, growth. Germany is classified as the most important exhibition location worldwide. Per year, over 170 national trade shows with more than 10 million visitors take place. In this series, I tried to explore the event of trade shows as a mirror of societal rituals and parallel worlds in a global and monetary society.



แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒœ แƒฐแƒแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒซแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒซแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ โ€“ แƒฐแƒแƒ แƒแƒšแƒ“ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฃแƒ“แƒแƒ› แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“, แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒก โ€“ แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ’แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒฃแƒแƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒžแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ. แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒแƒ  แƒ“แƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ แƒแƒกแƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก แƒแƒ แƒกแƒแƒ“ แƒฃแƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ—. แƒžแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ แƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒ แƒฐแƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒงแƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ“แƒ”แƒ•แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ. แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒ แƒฃแƒš แƒ แƒฃแƒขแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฐแƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ. แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒฌแƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒชแƒแƒขแƒ แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ˜แƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ. แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ’แƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฆแƒแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒœ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒก. Elin Hoyland The Brothers The brothers Harald and Mathias Ramen always lived together in the same place outside a small village in the middle of rural Norway. They never got married and never travelled anywhere. They had a small farm and worked as loggers. Their days followed a predictable and comforting routine. Little changed from year to year. The brothers way of life has now almost entirely disappeared in modern Norway.



แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒœ แƒฐแƒแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ“แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒก แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒ 200-แƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ. แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ’แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ— แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒแƒ› แƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒžแƒแƒขแƒ แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ แƒแƒฏแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒแƒ—แƒฎแƒ” แƒ—แƒแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ. แƒ”แƒ“แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ›แƒ แƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒœ แƒฉแƒแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒชแƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ-แƒซแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ แƒกแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ“, แƒ›แƒจแƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒชแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒœแƒ”แƒœ. แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ  แƒ“แƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ. Elin Hoyland Edvard has always lived in the same place all his life. His farm house is more than 200 years old. He is the fourth generation in his family who has been running this farm in the Western part of Norway. Edvard took over the farm when his siblings moved away and his parents died. He never married.



แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ”แƒš แƒ“แƒฃแƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜ Fascismo Abbandonato แƒแƒ› แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ. แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ”แƒœ แƒ“แƒฃแƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ แƒฅแƒ˜แƒขแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒ™ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ โ€žแƒ™แƒแƒšแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒกโ€œ แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒœแƒ”แƒœ โ€“ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒ 1920-แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ 30-แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ”แƒš แƒฆแƒแƒขแƒแƒ™ แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒกแƒชแƒ˜แƒžแƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒฆแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ—. แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒžแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒกแƒ แƒแƒ แƒฅแƒ˜แƒขแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒœแƒ˜แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, 1940-แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒขแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒŸแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒฃแƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ“แƒฃแƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ แƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒแƒขแƒแƒ•แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒก โ€žแƒ˜แƒ› แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒจแƒแƒ•แƒ‘แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒฃแƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒ”, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒคแƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ›แƒ›แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒœแƒก แƒฉแƒแƒ›แƒแƒแƒคแƒแƒ แƒโ€œ. แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ˜แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ•แƒก แƒ˜แƒ› แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒฃแƒš แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒœแƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒชแƒ•แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒช แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ–แƒ แƒแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ—. แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒฎแƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“ โ€žแƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒฃแƒš แƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒกโ€œ แƒ”แƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ”แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก โ€“ แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ–แƒœแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ›แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒœแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ• แƒคแƒ˜แƒฅแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒแƒฆแƒซแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒก. แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒ”, แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒแƒ แƒ แƒแƒ แƒฅแƒ˜แƒขแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ แƒžแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒœแƒ”แƒ˜แƒขแƒ แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒแƒก. แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ’แƒแƒ— แƒ—แƒฃ แƒแƒ แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒžแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ  แƒฆแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ—แƒ แƒ แƒ”แƒคแƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒ˜แƒ, แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒšแƒ”แƒ’แƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ แƒ? Fascismo Abbandonato แƒฃแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ“, แƒ”แƒฎแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ” แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒขแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒœแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒ™แƒแƒชแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒญแƒ”แƒจแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒข แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒจแƒ˜. Daniel Dubowitz Fascismo Abbandonato This work started as a road trip. Artist Dan Dubowitz and architect Patrick Duerden set out to find the โ€˜colonieโ€™, the modernist camps built by the Fascists in Italy in the 1920s and 30s to cultivate discipline and loyalty among the children of the urban poor. Many of these colonies, some of Europeโ€™s best modernist buildings, have been abandoned since the 1940s and are now wastelands. Dubowitz and Duerdenโ€™s exploration of these modern ruins reveals their concerns about the โ€˜very long and darkshadow that Fascism casts across Modernityโ€™. All societies are highly selective when it comes to the historic buildings and structures that they choose to preserve. Selection is often based on โ€˜cultural significanceโ€™. This work evokes contradictory thoughts about key debates of our time: childhood, morality, identity, militarism and nationalism. It confronts the question as to whether architecture can be politically neutral. Should the design be understood as a reflection of political values or as a crucial source of ideological legitimation? Most importantly Fascismo Abbandonato addresses the ongoing debate about the contribution of modernism to the genuine progress of humanity.



แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ”แƒš แƒ“แƒฃแƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ โ€“ แƒฐแƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜ 2011 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒœแƒแƒข แƒฐแƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ  แƒขแƒ แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒš แƒขแƒงแƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒš แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒก, แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒก. แƒ”แƒก แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒ•แƒก แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  1930-แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒฐแƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒกแƒ™แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ”แƒžแƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒกแƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒš แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒžแƒ แƒ”แƒชแƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ›แƒแƒœ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒฃแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ. 1927 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ›แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ แƒ”แƒ–แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒžแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒšแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒœแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒก แƒ”แƒซแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ, แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฃแƒ–แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒขแƒแƒžแƒแƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒขแƒ แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒขแƒงแƒ˜แƒก 2,5 แƒ›แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒแƒ™แƒ แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒซแƒ˜แƒœแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ แƒ แƒ”แƒ–แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ แƒ แƒฐแƒฅแƒแƒœแƒแƒ“แƒ. แƒขแƒงแƒ˜แƒก แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ–แƒ” 7000 แƒแƒ™แƒ แƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ”-แƒขแƒงแƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒ˜แƒฉแƒ”แƒฎแƒ. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฉแƒ˜แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒ—แƒแƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒกแƒแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒงแƒแƒคแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒกแƒ™แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ”แƒ แƒฎแƒแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒแƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ. แƒ˜แƒ แƒ’แƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒ• แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒขแƒงแƒ” แƒ“แƒแƒฌแƒ•แƒ”แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒแƒกแƒฃแƒคแƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒœแƒแƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ“ 2 แƒ›แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒฃแƒฉแƒฃแƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒ” แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒ”แƒก. แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒฃแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒœแƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒ—-แƒ”แƒ แƒ— แƒฃแƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒก แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒ“ แƒฅแƒชแƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒแƒ“, แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒฅแƒแƒœแƒแƒ—แƒ›แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒฃแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒ›แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒ•แƒšแƒ. แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒฎแƒแƒ แƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ โ€žแƒชแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ˜โ€œ แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒงแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒงแƒ. Daniel Dubowitz Fordlandia โ€“ The Lost City of Henry Ford These photographs from 2011, reveal what has become of Fordlandia, the American town built in the Brazilian rainforest by tycoon Henry Ford. This series comprises 13 new photographs of Fordโ€™s abandoned new town in the Amazon in the 1930โ€™s. The project reflects on Henry Fordโ€™s ambitions at the time of the last great depression, and the precedent it established for industrialized consumption. In 1927, seeking to sidestep the British rubber monopoly, Ford bought 2.5 million acres of rainforest on the Rio Tapajos deep in the Brazilian Amazon basin to establish a private source of rubber. 7,000 acres of forest were cleared while the head office in Michigan shipped in houses, a hospital, a school, a sawmill, a machine shop, and other facilities. The surrounding rainforest was burnt and cleared, and 2 million young rubber trees were planted. Following Fordโ€™s phenomenal success in modernizing industrial production and becoming one of the richest men in the world, he wanted to move on from the industry of building machines, to the industry of building men. Fordlandia was to be his โ€˜work of civilizationโ€™.



แƒฏแƒ”แƒ˜ แƒฐแƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒ”แƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒฃแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ แƒ–แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒก แƒแƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒ“แƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒฌแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒก แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒฃแƒ–แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒงแƒแƒคแƒก. แƒ›แƒ” แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒคแƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ•แƒ”แƒซแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ•แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜. แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ, แƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ แƒ›แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒกแƒ—แƒ”แƒขแƒฃแƒ  แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒ, แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ“, แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ— แƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒก แƒ“แƒ, แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ, แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒฉแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒแƒช แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒฌแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒก. แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒšแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒแƒ  แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒคแƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒคแƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒแƒ  แƒจแƒ”แƒฉแƒ”แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. โ€žแƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒฃแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜โ€œ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒกแƒแƒช แƒ•แƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘, แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•, แƒ“แƒแƒคแƒแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ. แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ› แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ›แƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒฅแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ–แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒคแƒ แƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒ. แƒฐแƒแƒ”แƒ แƒจแƒ˜ แƒงแƒแƒคแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฌแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฏแƒแƒญแƒ•แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก, แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ“, แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ. แƒฃแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ“, แƒฅแƒชแƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ. แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒ› แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒซแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ”แƒ—, แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒ  แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ“แƒ”แƒก. แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ แƒช แƒ“แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒ•แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ แƒช แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒžแƒแƒกแƒฃแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ“, แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒžแƒแƒ แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ•แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒ แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒแƒ—. แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ–แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒขแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒแƒฆแƒแƒšแƒ“แƒก แƒ•แƒ˜แƒงแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒขแƒงแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒ—. แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ. J Henry Fair Industrial Scars Our consumption-based economy is wreaking havoc on the systems that sustain our life on Earth. I seek out the manifestations of this and create pictures. My goal is to produce beautiful images that stimulate an aesthetic response, and thus curiosity in the viewer about the causes, and hopefully her personal involvement. If the pictures are not beautiful, the viewer will not stop to consider them, or cherish them. The โ€œIndustrial Scars,โ€ that I want to see are usually hidden, so hiring a plane and flying over these sites is the only way to see things; the aerial perspective is inherently intriguing to land-based animals. Ultimately, I want behavioral change. Every purchase decision should be made with the next generation in mind. Government will not protect or respond to us, but corporations will respond to our direction. If we buy toilet paper made from post-consumer material, forests are saved. Itโ€™s that simple.



แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฐแƒแƒ”แƒš แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ แƒ™แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒจแƒ˜ โ€žแƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒโ€œ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒค แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฐแƒแƒ”แƒš แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒก แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒฉแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ” แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ แƒฅแƒ˜แƒขแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ, แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ แƒฃแƒขแƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒ—แƒฎแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ•แƒ” แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒแƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ Asse II แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒแƒ แƒ แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก แƒแƒฆแƒ‘แƒ”แƒญแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜. แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒ’แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก, แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒฆแƒ แƒ›แƒ แƒกแƒ™แƒ”แƒžแƒขแƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ•แƒก. 1950-แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒคแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ˜แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒœแƒ–แƒ”, แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ. แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒฅแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒแƒ แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒฎแƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒฃแƒš แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒ’แƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒกแƒแƒแƒชแƒแƒ  แƒขแƒ”แƒฅแƒœแƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒฆแƒ˜แƒฅแƒ•แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ. แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› 1980-แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ โ€žแƒ‘แƒฃแƒ›แƒ˜แƒกโ€œ แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒžแƒขแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ™แƒ”แƒžแƒขแƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ›แƒ›แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒชแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒฉแƒ”แƒ แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒฃแƒšแƒ›แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒขแƒแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒแƒคแƒแƒ› แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ• แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒแƒฆแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ. แƒ›แƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ— แƒฉแƒแƒ›แƒแƒงแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ. แƒคแƒฃแƒ™แƒฃแƒจแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒก 2011 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ“แƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ› แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฎแƒแƒœแƒ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ•แƒ โ€“ แƒฉแƒแƒœแƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒฃแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ”แƒก แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ“แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒ’แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒจแƒ”แƒ–แƒฆแƒฃแƒ“แƒ•แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒฃแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒแƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒแƒ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒฏแƒ”แƒ  แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ• แƒ’แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒฎแƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒ™แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒš แƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ›แƒ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒกแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒก แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒก, แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒญแƒงแƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ–แƒ” แƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒชแƒ. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒขแƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ•แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒ’แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ˜แƒกแƒ” แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ—แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฆแƒ”แƒšแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ›แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒš แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒก. แƒฌแƒ˜แƒ’แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒญแƒ แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒฌแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒ’แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒžแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ—แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ—แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒฅแƒขแƒก แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒก. แƒžแƒฃแƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒ•แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ–แƒแƒœ แƒฐแƒแƒšแƒจแƒ‘แƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒก แƒขแƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒขแƒก แƒ’แƒ˜แƒฃแƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ  แƒชแƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฃแƒ แƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒžแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ”แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒแƒ แƒฅแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒšแƒแƒก. Michael Danner Critical Mass Photographer Michael Danner documents in his body of work Critical Mass the architecture, everyday routine, and security systems of all 17 German nuclear power plants, as well as the radioactive waste repository Asse II and the Gorleben exploratory mine. High hopes and deep skepticism have accompanied the use of nuclear power up to the present day. In the euphoric mood that prevailed in the 1950s, everything seemed possible; people took part in an unprecedented economic upswing and found nuclear energy to be a fascinating technology of the future. But in the 1980s the optimism of the years of boom gave way to a skepticism that was further fueled by the catastrophic nuclear accident in Chernobyl. Anti-nuclear activism has now shaped the political consciousness of a whole generation. And the disaster in Fukushima in 2011 heralded yet a new era in the debate โ€“ it seems that a nuclear phase-out in the medium-term is now inevitable. However, the issue of the final disposal of radioactive waste is still unresolved. Dannerโ€™s pictures give us a rare glimpse behind the scenes of the power plants, showing areas that are normally off-limits. His series is accompanied by historical photographs and texts that document the planning and construction phases of the plants and visualize the social tensions. The layout of the book and the cut through the front cover refer to the interaction of the present time and the past and the conflict between nuclear power opponents and the authorities. Publication includes a text by Susanne Holschbachโ€จ with photographs by Gรผnter Zint and the archive of the police department



แƒšแƒฃแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ–แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒšแƒฃแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ  แƒ’แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒœ, แƒฏแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒœ โ€“ 26 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒฃแƒ”แƒ แƒขแƒ-แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒแƒœ, แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒ  แƒขแƒแƒ›แƒžแƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒแƒ—แƒฎ แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ แƒแƒ“-แƒแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒขแƒแƒขแƒจแƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ— แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒกแƒจแƒ˜, แƒžแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ, แƒ“แƒแƒคแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒขแƒ˜แƒžแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒแƒคแƒ แƒ-แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒšแƒแƒ—แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒฏแƒแƒฎแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒฆแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒก แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ— แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒก, แƒ˜แƒ แƒ’แƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒ• แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒฃแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒฅแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒšแƒฃแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฏแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒแƒฏแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒแƒ  แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒฌแƒแƒ“แƒ–แƒ” แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒฎแƒแƒœแƒก แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ. แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฏแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒงแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒš แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒชแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ— แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ–แƒ” แƒ—แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒฉแƒแƒ›แƒแƒฃแƒงแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ. แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒ›แƒฃแƒ  แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ  แƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ แƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒกแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒš แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒฎแƒฃแƒ แƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ˜ แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒกแƒ˜แƒฆแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒฃแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒงแƒแƒคแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“, แƒแƒžแƒขแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒงแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒแƒก. แƒแƒฏแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒ”, แƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ’แƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ แƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ˜แƒ• แƒžแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒขแƒแƒ›แƒžแƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒชแƒ˜แƒžแƒ˜ โ€“ โ€žแƒžแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒกโ€œ โ€“ แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒก. แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ› แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒœแƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒแƒช แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒฃแƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒ— แƒกแƒ˜แƒฆแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ”แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒกแƒแƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒ—แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ™แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. Louisa Marie Summer The series was born out of the encounter of Louisa Marie with the protagonist Jennifer, a 26-year-old first generation Puerto Rican woman, her partner Tompy, and their four children. They live in a small rundown apartment in South Providence, RI, an urban neighborhood with a large Afro-American and Hispanic population, where many families live below the poverty line and crime and unemployment are rampant. For more than two years, Louisa Marie documented the daily life of Jennifer and her family. Over time she became an integral part of the familyโ€™s life and routines and developed a great affection for them. The photographs reveal intimate moments and show how a young mother at the lower end of the social ladder, in spite of difficult living conditions, poverty, desolation, and illness, manages to remain optimistic and never fails to take care of her childrenโ€™s well being. The precept of Tompy โ€œRespect goes a long wayโ€ describes the relationship between the family and the photographer โ€“ a relation based on trust, comprehension and mutual respect. With this work the artist hopes to raise awareness about people who deal with poverty and despair on a daily basis.



แƒœแƒแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒšแƒ” โ€žแƒ›แƒแƒšแƒ”โ€œ แƒ‘แƒ แƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒก แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒ• แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒชแƒ˜แƒฃแƒš แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ–แƒฃแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒก. แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒกแƒ™แƒœแƒ”แƒš แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒœแƒ˜แƒฃ แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒชแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ–แƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒชแƒ•แƒ. แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜แƒก แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒจแƒแƒคแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒ แƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒชแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒฎแƒ“แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒแƒ™แƒ แƒ-แƒ‘แƒแƒ™แƒ แƒ แƒฅแƒฃแƒฉแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒแƒคแƒ” แƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜, แƒฃแƒ–แƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ แƒ”แƒ™แƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฅแƒแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒฃแƒ›แƒฉแƒœแƒ”แƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒชแƒ. แƒ’แƒ˜แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒช แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ–แƒ” แƒ“แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒ—แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒคแƒ˜แƒš แƒคแƒแƒœแƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒชแƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœ. แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒ˜แƒ’แƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒแƒก, แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒชแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก, แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ”แƒžแƒ แƒ”แƒ–แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒ˜แƒฅแƒชแƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœ. แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒšแƒฃแƒ–แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒคแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ  แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒก แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒ› แƒ˜แƒœแƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒขแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜, แƒ›แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ แƒ”แƒ™แƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ–แƒแƒ แƒ“ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒก แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒก, แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ™แƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ›แƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒชแƒ”แƒ•แƒ. แƒฃแƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒŸแƒฆแƒ˜แƒœแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ โ€“ แƒกแƒแƒฐแƒแƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ—แƒแƒ˜แƒ›แƒก แƒกแƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”. แƒ›แƒฃแƒ“แƒแƒ› แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒงแƒแƒคแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒก แƒ แƒ”แƒ™แƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒžแƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ  แƒ›แƒญแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒฅแƒชแƒ”แƒ•แƒก. แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ, แƒ’แƒแƒฃแƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒš แƒกแƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒฎแƒ•แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ, แƒฅแƒฃแƒฉแƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ แƒ”แƒ™แƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒชแƒ˜แƒฃแƒš แƒคแƒแƒœแƒขแƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒฌแƒงแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก. Natan Dvir Coming Soon Coming Soon is an exploration of our visual relationship with the branded city centers and the commercial environment we live in. In recent years huge billboards have enveloped the commercial hubs of New York City. The branding of the cityscape has become so ubiquitous, that the colorful, monumental advertisements, looming over the narrow streets, seem to be virtually unnoticed by the passersby. Giant billboards both dominate the urban landscape and blend into the background. Monumental figures are displayed in an effort to create our culture while they represent it in the same time. This new series of pictures continues to explore the relationship between the near-future illusions and physical reality. While new and advanced ways of consuming information create a growing world of virtual, mobile, and personalized ads, the city itself becomes an advertising medium. The immense billboards gradually permeate the whole city, from SoHo to Time Square. Always in the peripheral vision, these ads turn pedestrians into passive spectators. People inhabiting the space underneath are pulled, unaware, into a staged set, as the reality of the street merges with the commercial fantasy of the advertisements.



แƒœแƒแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ”, แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒแƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก โ€“ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒฎแƒฃแƒ—แƒ”แƒ“แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ  แƒ•แƒ˜แƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ แƒช แƒ›แƒ”แƒกแƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜. แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ–แƒ” แƒžแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ› แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ“แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒ˜แƒ› แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒ›แƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒช แƒฃแƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒก แƒ’แƒ”แƒ–แƒก. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒฃแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ” แƒ“แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒ›แƒชแƒ“แƒแƒ  แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒžแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒจแƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒฎแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ แƒแƒชแƒ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ˜, แƒ›แƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“ แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒ•แƒ—แƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“. แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒฌแƒงแƒ•แƒ˜แƒขแƒ”, 18 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ แƒแƒ‘ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒคแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒกแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ โ€“ แƒ”แƒก แƒแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ˜ แƒฎแƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒขแƒ”แƒฎแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒชแƒ แƒกแƒ™แƒแƒšแƒแƒก แƒแƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ, แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒฌแƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒฎแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒคแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ”แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ—. แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒแƒแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒฏแƒแƒ แƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ  แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜แƒก. แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ’แƒ แƒ”แƒ— แƒฌแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ โ€žแƒ›แƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกโ€œ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒ˜แƒ› แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒแƒ–แƒ’แƒแƒกแƒแƒกแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒฌแƒงแƒ•แƒ˜แƒขแƒ”, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒช แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒจแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒฅแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒ› แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒฃแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒฎแƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒก. แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ• แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒแƒ• แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒœแƒแƒ“. แƒ—แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒขแƒแƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ“แƒแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒ”แƒœ แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒก. แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ’แƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒžแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ“แƒแƒคแƒฃแƒซแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฆแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒก แƒ”แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ”แƒก แƒ˜แƒ› แƒ˜แƒœแƒกแƒแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ•แƒแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช, แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•, แƒแƒฃแƒขแƒกแƒแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒฉแƒœแƒ”แƒ•แƒ. แƒ—แƒฃแƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”, แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒแƒชแƒ˜, แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒก, แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒแƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ” แƒ”แƒก แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒแƒช แƒจแƒ”แƒฃแƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒ—. Natan Dvir Eighteen Although I spent most of my life in Israel, I came to realize I didnโ€™t truly know or understand its Arab society โ€“ over a fifth of the countryโ€™s population. In a highly political environment I became interested in the stories of people living as a minority in a country defined by its majorityโ€™s religion. I wish to confront and dispute the widespread misconceptions and stereotypes of the people within my own country who I was brought up to consider more as foes rather than as allies. I decided to focus on Arab men and women at the age of eighteen, a crucial turning point in their lives, when they graduate from school, become legal adults, and earn the right to vote. Yet unlike their Jewish counterparts, most do not join the military. I chose to photography and portray my so-called โ€œenemyโ€ aiming to highlight the impact that cultural and internal conflict have had on these young men and women both individually and collectively. By photographing my subjectsโ€™ daily life within their normal surroundings I hope to present a sense of place, and to reveal the social context of their lives. Eighteen is a point of contact serving as an invitation to get closer. A project aimed at reconciliation through understanding and respect. An inside view by one who is typically regarded as an outsider. If I, a Jewish Israeli man, have been accepted and was allowed into my subjectsโ€™ lives โ€“ so can others.



แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒš แƒกแƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒžแƒแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ 2013 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜, แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜ (แƒฃแƒœแƒ’แƒ แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜) แƒฃแƒœแƒ’แƒ แƒ”แƒ—แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒคแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒแƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ”แƒ แƒซแƒ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒช แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ 10-แƒ“แƒแƒœ 15 แƒฌแƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒ—แƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ˜แƒฏแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒ˜ แƒแƒฅ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒšแƒ›แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ›แƒ›แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒฃแƒœแƒ’แƒ แƒฃแƒš แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒคแƒ˜แƒ’แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒช แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒฃแƒš แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒกแƒแƒช, แƒœแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ  แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ“แƒกแƒแƒช แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒฃแƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒšแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒœ. แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒฅ แƒ›แƒจแƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก (แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ“, แƒฃแƒœแƒ’แƒ แƒ”แƒš แƒœแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก) แƒ›แƒแƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ—, แƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ—แƒ แƒ›แƒ™แƒแƒชแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ˜แƒชแƒœแƒแƒœ, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒแƒขแƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒ—แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒšแƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒกแƒชแƒ˜แƒžแƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒ— แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”. แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒซแƒ˜แƒšแƒ–แƒ”, แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ, แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒฌแƒ•แƒ แƒ—แƒœแƒแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜, แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒช แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒฏแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ, แƒฌแƒ”แƒกแƒ แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒจแƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒก แƒชแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ, แƒ’แƒแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒ”แƒš, แƒฃแƒซแƒ˜แƒšแƒ แƒกแƒแƒ’แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒฆแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ˜แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ AK-47-แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒฉแƒ”แƒฎแƒแƒกแƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒแƒฌแƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒก (แƒชแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒขแƒงแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—) แƒ“แƒ แƒชแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒšแƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒจ แƒงแƒแƒคแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒกแƒแƒช แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒแƒฎแƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒœ. แƒ”แƒก แƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒœแƒกแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒฏแƒ˜แƒจแƒ˜แƒ—, แƒกแƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒ—แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒฐแƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ  แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ–แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒกแƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ”. แƒแƒฅ แƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ—แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒญแƒ•แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒจ แƒ“แƒแƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ’แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜, แƒฉแƒแƒฎแƒจแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒจแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒ“ แƒ แƒ”แƒžแƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ. แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฏแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒแƒช แƒฃแƒ™แƒ•แƒ” แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒœแƒ”แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒจแƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒก แƒซแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜, แƒ”แƒžแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒŸแƒฆแƒ”แƒœแƒ—แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. แƒ›แƒ”แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ˜แƒ•, แƒกแƒ™แƒ”แƒžแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ  แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒŸแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ›แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒœแƒ”แƒš-แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒฃแƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ—, แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒฎแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒœแƒ’แƒ แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ˜แƒกแƒชแƒ˜แƒžแƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒžแƒแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ; แƒฃแƒœแƒ’แƒ แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ”แƒ แƒ— แƒ›แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒกแƒฃแƒš แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒ˜แƒฅแƒœแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒจแƒ˜, แƒฃแƒœแƒ’แƒ แƒ”แƒ—แƒจแƒ˜, 2013 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒซแƒ˜แƒšแƒ–แƒ”. Oriol Segon Torra

Young patriots July, 2013. Mogyorรณd (Hungary)

The military summer camp in Mogyorรณd, Hungary, is a private project which each year sees the arrival of hundreds of children and teenagers between the ages of 10 and 15. Some come here because of their fascination with the military way of life, a militarism which is omnipresent in Hungarian society thanks to its imperial past and the memories of both the Nazi and the Communist periods. Others are brought here by their parents (mostly Hungarian nationalists) to introduce them to the unforgiving adult world, where emotions are rarely permitted and life must be faced with rectitude and discipline. For a week, they will live in tents, receive military training from experienced soldiers, who are still active, acquire notions regarding Order and the Homeland, endure long nights on guard duty without sleep, learn how to use old out of service AK-47s built in Czechoslovakia (with blanks) and even simulate being under teargas attacks. It will be a week of screamed orders during which intense physical exercise, educational behaviorism and precooked food will prevail; a place where any vulnerabilities and all questioning of military methods are simply overlooked, silenced and inwardly repressed. The young soldiers, who had previously felt the call of the Homeland will live the weekโ€™s activities impregnated with epic airs. On the other hand, the skeptical protagonists will become increasingly desensitized, more obedient, more docile and transform into disciplined young patriots of the great Hungary, which one day will go back to being what it once was.



แƒžแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒš แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒญแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜ แƒญแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ แƒกแƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒแƒ—แƒšแƒ”แƒขแƒฃแƒ  แƒฃแƒœแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒแƒขแƒ แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ  แƒœแƒ˜แƒญแƒก แƒกแƒแƒญแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒญแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ  แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒชแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒช แƒžแƒแƒžแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜. แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒญแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒšแƒฃแƒ‘แƒ˜. แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฌแƒ•แƒ แƒ—แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ”แƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒคแƒจแƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒฌแƒงแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒ›แƒแƒญแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒก, แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก โ€“ แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒฏแƒ˜แƒจแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒ—. แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ“แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒแƒญแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒจแƒแƒฃแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒฃแƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒ—. แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒก แƒฅแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒœ. แƒจแƒแƒฃแƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœ แƒฎแƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒฏแƒ˜แƒจแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒซแƒฆแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒจแƒแƒฃแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ›แƒแƒญแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒฃแƒแƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ• แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒคแƒแƒ—แƒ แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ—แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ™แƒก แƒ˜แƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒฎแƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒขแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒก. แƒญแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒชแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒญแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒฎแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒจแƒแƒฃแƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ›แƒแƒ. แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ—แƒšแƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒคแƒฃแƒซแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒกแƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒฎแƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒ—แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ—แƒฎแƒ–แƒ•แƒแƒ–แƒ”. แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ“, แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒฃแƒš แƒกแƒแƒญแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒšแƒฃแƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒ’แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒแƒšแƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒจแƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒจแƒแƒฃแƒก แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒฎแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒขแƒฃแƒšแƒก แƒฎแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก. แƒ›แƒแƒงแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒจแƒแƒฃแƒ–แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒงแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒญแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒญแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒœ, แƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ™แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒจแƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ”แƒญแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒ˜แƒšแƒ•แƒแƒก แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœ. แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒฏแƒ”แƒ  แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒกแƒแƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™ แƒกแƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ—, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฎแƒขแƒแƒ›แƒ, แƒกแƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒขแƒงแƒ›แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜. แƒแƒ›แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ’แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒš แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒญแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ—แƒ แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ–แƒ” โ€žแƒฐแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒฅแƒแƒ  แƒ แƒแƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜โ€œ แƒ”แƒฌแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒงแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒกแƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ. แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ— แƒจแƒแƒฃแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒซแƒšแƒแƒ, แƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ”, แƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒญแƒ แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ“แƒ”แƒก, แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒก. Pavel Volkov Wrestling in Moscow Wrestling is a combat sport involving athletic skills, martial arts and theatre skills. Wrestling is not very popular in Russia. Actually there is only one Russian wrestling club. It is located in Moscow and has its training section, in the basement of a building, where beginners can learn and more experienced fighters can train. Periodically the wrestlers arrange shows, where they can demonstrate their training and skills. To do this they rent premises and install improvised mount rings on their own. Performances are preceded by a long workout, because during the show the wrestler performs a lot of dangerous tricks and stunts, often leading to injuries. The essence of wrestlersโ€™ fights is not in the victory over the enemy, it is much more important for wrestlers to show the most spectacular show. To do this, athletes carefully think of their stage character, its history and relationships with other participants. For example in the Russian wrestling club there is a team playing the role of the Americans. They are wrapped in the American flag, so it makes the performance more bright and dramatic. Spectators who come to the show to cheer on their favorite athletes expect to see spectaclular stunts and impressive tricks thatโ€™s why sometimes you can see really violent scenes including ones with the use of some auxiliary items. These may be jumps from the stairs, kicking chairs and other improvised means. Performances, including such items in the slang of wrestlers, are called โ€œhardcore roundsโ€ and are most interesting for the viewers. Such shows may be accompanied by cruelty, blood and injuries, even though all fights take place on a predetermined scenario.



แƒžแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒš แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒฎแƒ‘แƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒ แƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ’แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒซแƒ แƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒžแƒแƒžแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”-20 แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒก 90-แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒฎแƒ“แƒ. แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ›แƒ แƒคแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒ, แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒ›แƒ แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒžแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ โ€žแƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒกโ€œ แƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒ›แƒ แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒคแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒœแƒ”แƒฎแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ“, แƒฏแƒ’แƒฃแƒคแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ”แƒก. แƒแƒ› แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒแƒฅแƒ” แƒ’แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ— แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ. แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ’แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒœแƒฅแƒข แƒžแƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ‘แƒฃแƒ แƒ’แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒœแƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ. แƒ›แƒแƒšแƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒซแƒ แƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒ—แƒ”แƒš แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒแƒœแƒแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ”แƒ“แƒ. แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ’แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒจแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ’แƒฎแƒ•แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ— โ€“ แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜ แƒคแƒ”แƒฎแƒ‘แƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒฐแƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ—. แƒ แƒแƒช แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜, แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ— แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒœแƒฅแƒข แƒžแƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ‘แƒฃแƒ แƒ’แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒฎแƒ‘แƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒ แƒ’แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก 20-แƒ“แƒแƒœ 50 แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒฐแƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ—. แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒก แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒ แƒแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฐแƒงแƒแƒ•แƒก. แƒ แƒ”แƒ’แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒš แƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ 10-แƒ“แƒแƒœ 20-แƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ. แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒฎแƒ‘แƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒ แƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ’แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก 2 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒซแƒ˜แƒšแƒ–แƒ” แƒ•แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ˜. แƒ•แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒฉแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“ แƒ•แƒ”แƒกแƒฌแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ˜. แƒคแƒ”แƒฎแƒ‘แƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ™แƒšแƒฃแƒ‘แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“ แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ’แƒœแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒช แƒฃแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒซแƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒ™แƒšแƒฃแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ’ โ€žแƒ™แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒกโ€œ แƒฃแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ. แƒแƒ  แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก แƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ, แƒ แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒฎแƒแƒ  แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“ โ€“ แƒ แƒแƒชแƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒ”แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ. แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒ”แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ, แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ”แƒ. แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒš แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ แƒฅแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒแƒ•แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฐแƒงแƒแƒ•แƒก. โ€žแƒ’แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ˜แƒกโ€œ แƒกแƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ” แƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒจแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ แƒžแƒแƒ แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒ”แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒกแƒชแƒ˜แƒžแƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒ› แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ›แƒ” แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒฃแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒแƒ›แƒขแƒ™แƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒฆแƒ˜แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ โ€“ แƒกแƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒ— แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒ”แƒก, แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒแƒก แƒคแƒ”แƒฎแƒ‘แƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒฉแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ”, แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ“ แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒฉแƒฎแƒฃแƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ”แƒก, แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ’แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒžแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ  แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒจแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒก, แƒฃแƒงแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒšแƒฃแƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒชแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒ–แƒแƒ“ แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒงแƒแƒก. แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒขแƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฎแƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒ”แƒœ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒแƒš แƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒžแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒฉแƒฎแƒฃแƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ  แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ–แƒ” แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒฎแƒฃแƒ‘แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒšแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ. แƒ”แƒก แƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒขแƒ™แƒ˜แƒชแƒ”แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒก แƒฃแƒ–แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒงแƒแƒคแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒก แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒ—-แƒ”แƒ แƒ— แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒฅแƒชแƒ”แƒ•แƒก. Pavel Volkov The Gang Russian football hooligans movement became popular in the 1990s. Ordinary fans, some of them influenced by European โ€œfashionโ€, others because of pressure from another fans, started to unite into groups. The main thing about those gangs was aggression towards fans of the rival teams. First hooligans appeared in St. Petersburg and Moscow. After some time, this wave swept over the whole country. Nowadays hooligan gangs can be found in any city which has itโ€™s own football team. The bigger the city, the greater the number of gangs. Moscow and St. Petersburg football teams have between 20 and 50 gangs. All of them have different number of members and the level of skills. Regional centers have from 10 to 20 gangs. I photographed football hooligans for 2 years. I travelled and attended football matches with them. Football unites people not only to support a club, but it also helps them create hooligan gangs to confront their โ€œcolleaguesโ€ from other clubs. No matter what you do in your everyday life, when you join a gang you have to accept its laws. And the main laws are solidarity, strength and cruelty. Every gang has hierarchy and authorities. The strength of a โ€œteamโ€ is achieved by unity of members, compliance with internal corporate rules and discipline. Before joining a gang, a person has to prove himself positively: do sports, attend football matches, be good at fights, not to be afraid to fight with other hooligans and police, love his club and be ready to defend clubโ€™s interests. Mass fights often take place on the way to stadiums. Fights with police take place directly on stadiums. The most agressive and courageous fighters become leaders of gangs. This ensures continuity and growth of hooliganism. And makes this issue one of the most problematic for Russian society.



แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒชแƒ แƒžแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ™แƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ โ€“ แƒฃแƒซแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜ แƒแƒ—แƒแƒกแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ แƒœแƒ”แƒแƒžแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒš แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒแƒ› แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒกแƒ™แƒœแƒ”แƒš แƒแƒ—แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ. แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒซแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒคแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ  แƒฐแƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ—, แƒชแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒก. แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒช แƒแƒฃแƒชแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒ–แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒงแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ แƒช แƒ›แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒžแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒงแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ, แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒ”แƒœ แƒ˜แƒšแƒขแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœ. แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒฃแƒ›แƒฏแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒฎแƒ›แƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒก แƒแƒ  แƒ˜แƒจแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒ“แƒ โ€žแƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ“โ€œ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฉแƒœแƒ”แƒฃแƒš แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒšแƒก โ€žแƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœโ€œ. Vincenzo Pagliuca Roma housing in a sedentary lifestyle More than one thousand of Serbian and Macedonian Roma live within the urban area of Naples. They have reached the town during the Balkan migrations of the last decades. Left out from the possibility of obtaining houses, they have occupied empty peripheral areas. Such informal settlements do not have essential services and municipal installations. Nevertheless the residents long for stability. They make efforts to repair the environment, turning their supposed โ€œtemporaryโ€ condition into home.



แƒกแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒฐแƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒšแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ–แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ•แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ โ€“ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒกแƒ™แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒฃแƒขแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒžแƒแƒšแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ–แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒก แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒฌแƒ•แƒ“แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘ แƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒกแƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ  แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒฃแƒฅแƒขแƒจแƒ˜, แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ•แƒ” แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒกแƒแƒฌแƒ•แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒžแƒแƒšแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ–แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒšแƒแƒœแƒขแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒขแƒ แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒขแƒงแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ—แƒฎแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒฎแƒฃแƒ—แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ™แƒ•แƒ” แƒฉแƒแƒแƒœแƒแƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒœแƒ”แƒš-แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ• แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒขแƒงแƒ”แƒ—แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒ—-แƒ”แƒ แƒ— แƒ›แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒžแƒšแƒก แƒแƒ แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒฃแƒขแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒœ. แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒฃแƒ  แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒแƒ  แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒก โ€“ แƒกแƒฃแƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ แƒแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒœแƒ”แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒ—แƒฎแƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒจแƒ”แƒ. แƒกแƒฃแƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒฃแƒขแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ‘แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ• แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ 6,600-แƒ˜แƒ โ€“ แƒ’แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒœแƒแƒ™แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒ” แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒœแƒ”แƒแƒ–แƒ”, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒแƒ แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒฃแƒขแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ˜แƒชแƒฎแƒ•แƒ˜ 54 000-แƒก แƒแƒฆแƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒก. แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ–แƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒฃแƒขแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒขแƒงแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒฃแƒ–แƒฆแƒฃแƒ“แƒแƒ• แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฌแƒ•แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฐแƒงแƒแƒ•แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒช แƒžแƒแƒšแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒšแƒแƒœแƒขแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒฌแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ. Sandra Hoyn Displaced by Palm Oil: Indonesia`s last Orangutans Indonesia supplies half the worldโ€™s palm oil, used in hundreds of foods and cosmetics products produced as well as biofuel. Palm oil plantations are replacing four-fifths of the rain forest in Indonesia and they are still expanding. Orangutans are one of many victims of massive deforestation. They live in the wild in only two places, Sumatra and Borneo. Both species are now endangered, the Sumatran orangutan with only 6,600 left in the wild, fewer than 54,000 left in Borneo. Especially the unchecked burning of rain forests to clear land for palm oil plantations is driving orangutans to the brink of extinction in Indonesia.



แƒขแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฏแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ 1961 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒฃแƒ’แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒ›, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒช แƒกแƒแƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒฅแƒขแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒšแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ“แƒ’แƒ, แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒ—-แƒ”แƒ แƒ— แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒแƒšแƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒแƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒแƒฉแƒแƒฆแƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒšแƒ” แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒš แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ โ€“ แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ-แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ™แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒฉแƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜ แƒกแƒฌแƒ แƒแƒคแƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ› แƒคแƒ แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ–แƒ”. แƒ”แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒช แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— โ€žแƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒฃแƒ’แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜โ€œ แƒ”แƒฌแƒแƒ“แƒ, แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ 1974 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ“แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒชแƒ แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒฃแƒ’แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ”แƒŸแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒชแƒ. แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒ› แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒœ แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒคแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒแƒ“แƒ, แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒฃแƒ’แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ 18-แƒ“แƒแƒœ 30 แƒฌแƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒฌแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ. แƒžแƒแƒกแƒขแƒ™แƒแƒšแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก, แƒกแƒแƒ› แƒคแƒ แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ–แƒ” (แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒแƒšแƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ™แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒจแƒ˜) แƒ’แƒแƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ˜แƒชแƒฎแƒ•แƒ˜ 149 แƒแƒ—แƒแƒกแƒก แƒแƒฆแƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒ“แƒ (แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒฃแƒ’แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ, แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒชแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฉแƒแƒ—แƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒ—, 10 แƒ›แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ). 8 289 แƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ–แƒ” แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒฆแƒฃแƒžแƒ, 15 507 แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒญแƒ แƒ. แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒขแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ  แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ  แƒจแƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒช แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒžแƒแƒกแƒข-แƒขแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ›แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒœแƒฏแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ. แƒ“แƒแƒญแƒ แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒฃแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœ แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ“แƒแƒ—. 1974 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒฃแƒ’แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒแƒ  แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒ“แƒ. แƒ“แƒแƒญแƒ แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒฐแƒแƒกแƒžแƒ˜แƒขแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒแƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒก, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ’แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒฎแƒ“แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜. แƒ แƒแƒชแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒฃแƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒก, แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒคแƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒคแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ  แƒ˜แƒฅแƒœแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒชแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ โ€“ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ•แƒ  แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ›แƒžแƒฃแƒขแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒฏแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒแƒชแƒก แƒฌแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒแƒฃแƒฌแƒ˜แƒ แƒšแƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒ› แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ“, แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ–แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ, แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ•แƒ  แƒ•แƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒœแƒก แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ”แƒœแƒกแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“ แƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒญแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ. แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒฃแƒ’แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ› แƒžแƒแƒกแƒข-แƒขแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ›แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ 25 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’ โ€“ 1999 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒชแƒœแƒ. แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ•แƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ• แƒ“แƒแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒžแƒแƒกแƒข-แƒขแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ›แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ—. แƒฏแƒ”แƒ  แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ• แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒจแƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒงแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฏแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒแƒ› แƒ“แƒแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒฏแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒแƒ“ แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒแƒ  แƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ. แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒฃแƒ’แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒ”แƒšแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒคแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒš แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒฃแƒ—แƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒœ. แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ โ€“ แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฉแƒฅแƒ›แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒšแƒ—แƒ แƒคแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒคแƒกแƒ˜แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒขแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ›แƒ แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒš แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒฌแƒ•แƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. Tommaso Rada Forgotten Soldiers In 1961, Portugal governed by the dictator Salazar started a war in one of his colonies, Angola. Soon problems emerged in other African Colonies: Guinea-Bissau and Mozambique. The war quickly expanded on the three fronts. This bloody war, that was going to be named Portuguese Colonial War, ended only in 1974, when the Portuguese regime fell down. While in the rest of Europe the youth was fighting for their rights and for a new society, in Portugal an entire generation of men between the ages of 18 and 30, was receiving mandatory calls to go to the war. โ€จDuring the postcolonial war, the number of men sent to three fronts (Angola, Mozambique and Guinea-Bissau) was 149 thousand (the population of Portugal is 10 million, including elders, women and children); 8289 died, while 15507 were reported injured. This data does not include those ones, who later suffered of PTSD. For the ones injured, the worst was still ahead. After 1974, the Portuguese government didnโ€™t want to show people the results of the war. The injured were hidden away and segregated in military hospitals to which only a few people had an access. After their dismissal, several fundamental rights were violated: many soldiers had to wait years before receiving prostheses for their amputated limbs, while veterans had to fight for their right to obtain their army pension. The Portuguese Government recognized PTSD as a disease only in 1999, 25 years after the end of the war. Many veterans of the Colonial War still suffer of PTSD, while some of the former soldiers are still not receiving the proper treatment for this disease. The Portuguese veterans represent the long-term effect of the war. Forgotten by the society, hidden away by the authority, their physical and psychological traumas become more acute every year.



แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒฐแƒแƒ›แƒกแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ” แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜ แƒฐแƒแƒ›แƒกแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒ”แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒข แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒแƒ  แƒแƒš-แƒแƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’ แƒแƒฏแƒแƒœแƒงแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒ—-แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ. แƒžแƒ แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒ˜ 2012 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒแƒคแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ–แƒ” แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒชแƒกแƒแƒ›แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒชแƒ”แƒชแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒฃแƒฎแƒกแƒœแƒ”แƒก, แƒฐแƒแƒ›แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—-แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒœ, แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒแƒฆแƒ˜ แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒแƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒก แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒจแƒ˜. แƒ›แƒแƒšแƒ” แƒแƒฏแƒแƒœแƒงแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ, แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅ แƒฐแƒแƒ›แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒฃแƒฉแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ. แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒ แƒ”แƒก แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ”แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒšแƒ” แƒแƒšแƒงแƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒช แƒ›แƒแƒแƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒก. แƒ แƒแƒชแƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒฎแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒ˜แƒฎแƒจแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ› แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ™แƒแƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒฐแƒแƒ›แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒ— แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒแƒš แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒ–แƒ” แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒซแƒšแƒ, แƒแƒฏแƒแƒœแƒงแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฆแƒขแƒงแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒกแƒแƒกแƒแƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒ—แƒแƒ› แƒจแƒ”แƒชแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ. แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ›แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ› แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒฅแƒชแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ แƒฎแƒ. แƒแƒฏแƒแƒœแƒงแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ—แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ–แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒฎแƒ”แƒ—แƒฅแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒฉแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ. แƒฉแƒแƒ›แƒแƒงแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒแƒšแƒงแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ” แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒก แƒ›แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒแƒญแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒฎแƒ”แƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ. แƒแƒ› แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒœแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒฃแƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ. แƒžแƒ แƒ-แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒฃแƒคแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒช แƒแƒ แƒแƒœแƒแƒ™แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒ“แƒแƒ–แƒแƒ แƒแƒšแƒ“แƒ โ€“ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒแƒฏแƒแƒœแƒงแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒกแƒœแƒแƒ˜แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ›แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒงแƒฃแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ”แƒฌแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ. แƒฐแƒแƒ›แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒฉแƒ˜แƒš แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒชแƒ โ€“ แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒก แƒซแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ• แƒคแƒแƒœแƒ–แƒ” แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ, แƒแƒšแƒงแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒชแƒ”แƒฃแƒš แƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒš แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒกแƒฃแƒš แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒแƒ“ แƒแƒžแƒแƒ™แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒžแƒขแƒฃแƒ  แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒก แƒ˜แƒซแƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒ. แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒ›แƒ, แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒœแƒ˜แƒ—, แƒแƒฅ แƒฃแƒ™แƒ•แƒ” แƒฎแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ™แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒจแƒ•แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ. 2014 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก โ€žแƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒโ€œ-แƒ› แƒ›แƒแƒšแƒแƒžแƒแƒ แƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒฏแƒแƒœแƒงแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒฐแƒฃแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฌแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ–แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ แƒฎแƒ, แƒ—แƒฃแƒ›แƒชแƒ แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒซแƒ˜แƒšแƒ–แƒ” แƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒชแƒกแƒแƒ›แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒฐแƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒแƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒขแƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜. แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒกแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒฏแƒแƒœแƒงแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ—แƒแƒœแƒฎแƒ›แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ แƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒขแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ˜แƒ› แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒแƒฏแƒแƒœแƒงแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“ แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒฃแƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒ—แƒฎแƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒงแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ. แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ แƒ–แƒ” แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒชแƒ”แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒแƒช แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒฏแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ“แƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ, แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒ—-แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒแƒ’แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒกแƒ™แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒซแƒ˜แƒšแƒ–แƒ” แƒฃแƒœแƒแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒก. Sergey Ponomarev Homs

Homs, Syriaโ€™s third largest city, was one of the early centers of revolt against President Bashar al-Assad. Protests began in the spring of 2012, and after security forces fired on demonstrators, some Homs residents were among the first Syrians to take up arms. Soon, insurgents, most of them locals, ruled the streets of the Old City of Homs, the core of the city. Government forces bombarded and eventually besieged the area. The mood inside turned gradually from exuberance to despair as the armed revolt turned into a stalemate and the government succeeded in shoring up control of the crucial corridor from Damascus through Homs to the coast. Meanwhile, inside the city, some civilians had managed to leave through tunnels. Insurgent groups were riven by rivalries. A war economy developed in which armed men on both sides of the siege lines profited from trading across them, as all the while more and more neighborhoods were destroyed. Pro-government neighborhoods suffered too, from insurgent snipers and suicide bombs. Homs became a city divided, with relatively normal life continuing on the government side, punctuated by violence, and an increasingly apocalyptic world inside the besieged Old City, where some people began making stews out of fruit pits and grass. In early 2014, the United Nations struck a deal to bring in humanitarian aid and began offering amnesty to fighters who left, although some were kept for months in detention by security forces. In May, insurgents agreed to leave the Old City in exchange for safe passage to an insurgent held area, handing control of the city center back to the government, which declared victory. But what remains in the Old City is one of the most arresting landscapes of urban destruction that the world has seen in recent years.



แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ–แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ”แƒ—-แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ— แƒฃแƒ™แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ” แƒแƒ›แƒ›แƒ แƒ แƒ”แƒ’แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ–แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒ. แƒฃแƒ™แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒฃแƒ“แƒแƒ› แƒ˜แƒงแƒแƒคแƒแƒ“แƒ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒžแƒฃแƒš แƒ“แƒ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒฃแƒš แƒ แƒ”แƒ’แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“. แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒชแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒ แƒแƒช 2014 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒ› แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ—แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒแƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒฌแƒงแƒ•แƒ˜แƒขแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜. แƒแƒ› แƒแƒ›แƒจแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒžแƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒแƒช แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒก แƒแƒฃแƒ›แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒ, แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒžแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ  แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒแƒฆแƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒชแƒ. แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ— แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒก แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ›แƒ แƒขแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒแƒ› แƒขแƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒชแƒฎแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒขแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒก แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ, แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒฆแƒแƒ  แƒ’แƒแƒแƒฉแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ—. แƒแƒžแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒชแƒฎแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒฎแƒกแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ. แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒ“แƒ”แƒฐแƒฃแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒ”แƒฌแƒ”แƒแƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒฎแƒแƒชแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒฆแƒแƒ  แƒ’แƒแƒกแƒญแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ—. แƒแƒฅ แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฏแƒ’แƒฃแƒคแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒฎแƒ“แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ“แƒ”แƒก แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ แƒแƒšแƒ แƒžแƒฃแƒœแƒฅแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒแƒฌแƒ”แƒกแƒ”แƒก. แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒกแƒฏแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ— แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒขแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒœแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ›แƒแƒšแƒ” แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ”แƒ—-แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ—แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒแƒชแƒแƒ“, แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ— แƒฃแƒ™แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒก แƒแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ. แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“, แƒฃแƒ™แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ›แƒ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒžแƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ›, แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ˜แƒ•, แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ›แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฆแƒแƒšแƒแƒขแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒแƒ“แƒแƒœแƒแƒจแƒแƒฃแƒšแƒ. แƒกแƒ”แƒžแƒแƒ แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ—แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒฐแƒฃแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒ›แƒ”แƒ—แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ. แƒแƒ›แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ™แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ™แƒ•แƒ” แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒฃแƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒšแƒ แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒฎแƒ˜ แƒ–แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒชแƒ, แƒจแƒ—แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒฅแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒœ แƒ แƒ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒžแƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ™แƒแƒ“แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒช แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒขแƒแƒ -แƒžแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒšแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ แƒ”แƒŸแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒจแƒ”แƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒซแƒฃแƒšแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒช แƒฐแƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒŸแƒฆแƒ”แƒœแƒ—แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜. Sergey Ponomarev Zombies The war in southeastern Ukraine has turned the region in to a zombie-land. Ukraine has historically been divided into pro-European and pro-Russian regions. Donbass, in the east, has been a battleground since the 2014 revolution in Kiev finally snapped West from East. In this war, propaganda has become the main tool of manipulation, setting some citizens against others. Some locals have become so brainwashed by Russian TV that it appeared they had no opinions of their own, mimicking only what they have heard on TV. They gave their opponents offensive homogenizing nicknames, dehumanizing them so it makes it easier to kill. Youth gangs and armed groups became the main force in the region, seizing administration buildings and setting up checkpoints. Just as they were told on Russian state TV, they believed that a Nazi government, who would soon come to the southeast to kill them, now ruled western Ukraine. At the same time, Ukrainian propaganda was also accusing Donbass of fascism and treachery, using almost same methods to dehumanize separatists.The war in Ukraine has lasted almost a year and ordinary people have been turned into zombies absorbing the flood of propaganda that is designed to continue the war, propagate the criminal laws of the many small warlords on the ground and the hate that was spilled in the air.



แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ’ แƒ’แƒšแƒ”แƒจแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ•แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒšแƒ‘แƒแƒ— แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ’ แƒ’แƒšแƒ”แƒจแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฏแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒšแƒแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒฃแƒ™แƒ•แƒ” แƒแƒฆแƒแƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒช แƒ’แƒ•แƒ”แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ. แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒ”แƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒแƒ–แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒก แƒฎแƒกแƒœแƒ˜แƒก. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ–แƒฃแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒขแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒšแƒแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ—แƒก แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ–แƒ”, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒฎแƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒ‘แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒ“แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒฃแƒš แƒŸแƒแƒœแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ˜แƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก โ€“ แƒžแƒ”แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒŸแƒก แƒคแƒ˜แƒ’แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒก, แƒœแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒจแƒแƒคแƒขแƒก. แƒ”แƒงแƒ แƒ“แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒฎแƒ›แƒ”แƒ• แƒžแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ  แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ• แƒชแƒแƒ“แƒœแƒแƒก, แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒแƒ  แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒ. แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒคแƒฃแƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ’แƒแƒแƒฉแƒœแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ—แƒ”แƒš แƒฃแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒก แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒแƒšแƒ‘แƒแƒ—, แƒแƒ แƒแƒกแƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ” แƒ›แƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒ—แƒ แƒแƒ“, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒชแƒ แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒแƒ› แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ. แƒแƒ›แƒ แƒ˜แƒ’แƒแƒ“, แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ’ แƒ’แƒšแƒ”แƒจแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ  แƒฃแƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒฃแƒ  แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ™แƒแƒชแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒฅแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒ—แƒฎแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒชแƒ•แƒ”แƒš แƒกแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒงแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒšแƒแƒ’-แƒแƒšแƒแƒ’ แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฏแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ‘แƒœแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜. โ€žแƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ˜โ€œ แƒ แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒแƒฅ แƒแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒœ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก. แƒ•แƒฃแƒงแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ— แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ”แƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก, แƒกแƒ˜แƒคแƒ แƒ—แƒฎแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒก, แƒฉแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒฅแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒ, แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ•แƒ”, แƒ’แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒแƒขแƒแƒ•แƒก. แƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ•แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜, แƒแƒšแƒ‘แƒแƒ—, แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ. แƒžแƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒ  แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒŸแƒ”แƒกแƒ™แƒ˜

Jรถrg Glรคscher Death comes alter, maybe Jรถrg Glรคscherโ€™s laconic photographs of the German Army show that nothing is what it seems anymore. His photographs donโ€™t document the German Army; instead, he finds images created in the course of the journeys he has undertaken to, and with, the armed forces that open up room for thought. His pictorial language is undramatic. Almost laconically, he lines up scenes one after the other that often appear absurd to the viewer. He avails himself of the common photographic genres: landscape with figure, portrait, still life and scenery. He provides no explanations, relying on the viewerโ€™s own knowledge of politics and society. Justifiably. In all of recent German history, the German Army has probably not had more of a pronounced media presence than during the period when the photos in this book were taken. Jรถrg Glรคscherโ€™s photographs thus oscillate between deceptively idyllic heathland scenes and the suggestive menace evoked by formal reduction. Scattered in between are portraits of young soldiers. No one here is a cool private. We gaze into faces that express reserve, caution, pensiveness, or also uncertainty. Death will come later, perhaps. Peter Bialobrzeski



แƒŸแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒฃแƒ แƒŸแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒฅแƒ แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒฎแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ แƒแƒชแƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒชแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ, แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒแƒฏแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒ”แƒฅแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒญแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜. แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ, แƒแƒฏแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒ› แƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒ”แƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ”, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒช แƒชแƒแƒขแƒ แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ•แƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒ“แƒ˜. แƒ™แƒ”แƒ แƒซแƒแƒ“, แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒฃแƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒ”แƒœ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒช แƒแƒ  แƒ•แƒ˜แƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ˜. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ—แƒ แƒซแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒžแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ” แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒ› แƒ’แƒ–แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ”, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช, แƒกแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒแƒฃแƒ“แƒแƒ“, แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ. แƒแƒ› แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒฃแƒฆแƒ”, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ˜. แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒ”แƒœ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒแƒ™แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก. แƒแƒ แƒงแƒแƒคแƒœแƒ แƒแƒ› แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒช แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ”แƒ–แƒ˜แƒช. แƒ“แƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ‘แƒœแƒ”แƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒœแƒ“แƒ. แƒฃแƒ“แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ› แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒชแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒแƒขแƒแƒ•แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒชแƒฃแƒ“แƒแƒ“ แƒ”แƒžแƒงแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ. แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒฏแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒก แƒซแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜, 3 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒจแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒ˜แƒฅแƒชแƒ; แƒ˜แƒฅแƒ•แƒ” แƒ›แƒฎแƒชแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘ แƒฌแƒงแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ”แƒ™แƒ”แƒ“แƒšแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒช แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒฐแƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒ. แƒแƒฏแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒ“แƒ˜, แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒžแƒแƒ•แƒ” โ€“ 1848 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก, แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ”แƒ—แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒคแƒ แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒคแƒแƒ แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒช แƒแƒ แƒช แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฐแƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ, แƒแƒ แƒช แƒแƒฏแƒแƒฎแƒ˜. แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒก แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“-แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“-แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“ แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒฃแƒแƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒฅแƒขแƒแƒ  แƒแƒœแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒแƒ แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒก. แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒจแƒแƒ แƒก แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒœ แƒ•แƒ”แƒฆแƒแƒ  แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒ . แƒกแƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ แƒฎแƒ˜แƒก แƒขแƒแƒขแƒ˜ แƒแƒฅ แƒขแƒงแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒ—แƒ”แƒš แƒกแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒ”แƒ–แƒ” แƒ–แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ โ€“ แƒœแƒแƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ•แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜, แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ—แƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ—แƒแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒ•แƒšแƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฅแƒแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒฃแƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ... แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ”แƒฅแƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก... แƒแƒกแƒ” แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒฃแƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒแƒช แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒแƒฏแƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒ แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒแƒ แƒฆแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ. แƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒ›แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ”แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒ› แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒจ แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”, แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒก แƒแƒฏแƒแƒฎแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ แƒฎแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ› แƒซแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ›แƒ, แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒก แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒฌแƒฃแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก... แƒกแƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ•แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ. Julie Bourges Absent bodies

When my maternal grandmother died, I felt a fundamental need to look into my familyโ€™s genealogy. I naturally leaned towards the members of my family that I know little about, and in particular my maternal grandfather, who I never knew. I visited the places that my ancestors lived in and followed the roads they probably travelled along, looking for clues. I photographed this land as I would have photographed my questions. This need to look back at my past comes from a feeling that something is missing. Absence is both the subject of these images and what brought them about. I have always found my maternal grandfatherโ€™s story disconcerting. Motherless and left by his father with an adoptive grandmother who maltreated him, he is said to have run away at the age of 3 in search of another family: a nearby couple who took children in. By tracing his familyโ€™s history back, I found the very beginning: a baby abandoned in Domfront hospice in France in 1848, no name, no family. My great, great, great grandfather would be given the name MarieVictor Henry. Itโ€™s impossible to go further back. The branch is broken, damaged along its entirety: premature deaths follow, children brought up by others, as if transmission between generations was impossibleโ€ฆ These stories repeat themselves, echoing aroundโ€ฆ Until my grandfather who, in taking his decision, seems to have broken this vicious circle. I have used this photographic series to explore and question, through intimate territories, the intense and ambivalent relationship that links me to my family. Behind this search for my family tree, fundamental questions that concern us all have been sketched out: the meaning of life and death.



แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒคแƒ”แƒ—แƒฅแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฃแƒ“แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒฃแƒคแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒ, แƒ˜แƒกแƒšแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒžแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ—แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒฅแƒ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ. แƒ›แƒ”-19 แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒชแƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒ™แƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒžแƒงแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ, แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ“ แƒ’แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒชแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒ› แƒฎแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ“, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒฆแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒกแƒแƒช แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒฏแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ“ แƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ. แƒคแƒ˜แƒชแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ แƒ˜แƒจแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒญแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒ“แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ˜, แƒฆแƒแƒ–แƒ˜-แƒ›แƒแƒฐแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒชแƒ•แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒ—แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ, แƒ™แƒแƒจแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒขแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒ˜แƒจแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ–แƒ”แƒ“ แƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ’แƒ. แƒ”แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ•แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’ แƒ›แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ แƒแƒฏแƒแƒœแƒงแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒชแƒ. แƒ›แƒ”-19 แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒก 30แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒฉแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ˜, แƒจแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜, แƒ’แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ แƒ˜แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ. แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’ แƒ›แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ แƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒแƒก 25 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒซแƒ˜แƒšแƒ–แƒ” แƒ”แƒ“แƒ’แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒจแƒ˜. แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฃแƒกแƒšแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒก แƒ’แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ• แƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒแƒ–แƒ–แƒ”แƒ. แƒ”แƒก แƒฎแƒแƒ–แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ”แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ แƒฃแƒš แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ”แƒกแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒšแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒ  แƒขแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒกแƒฃแƒš แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒข แƒซแƒแƒšแƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒฃแƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒ—แƒฎแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ, แƒ“แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒแƒคแƒ—แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒกแƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒฉแƒแƒแƒฎแƒจแƒแƒœ. แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ แƒแƒช แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒแƒฃแƒ  แƒ›แƒฃแƒกแƒšแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒแƒ“ แƒ”แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ. แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒฃแƒš แƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒ™แƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ  แƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒจแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ“ แƒแƒฅ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก. Valery Melnikov Explosive quiet life A village Gymry is being a symbol of the independence and freedom of the mountaineers, a center of Islamic culture and a Mecca for the pilgrims. In the 19th century, when the imperial Russia was conquering the Caucasus, it was Gymry which became the battle line, which the Russian troops were unsuccessfully trying to breakthrough. After the fierce assault, when the Russians burst in Gymry, the first Imam of Dagestan Ghazi-Mohammed who was in control of the defense of the village, jumped out of the castle onto the bayonets of the Russians. This death became the symbol of the mountaineers rebellion to Imperial Russia. In the 30s, on the 19th century the most famous Imam of Dagestan and Chechnya Shamil was born in Gymry. He was the head on the fight of the mountaineers with Russian army for 25 years. Since then Gymry is sacred place for many Moslems. Today Gymry is on the battle line again. This line goes between the secular way of living and the Islamic traditions which are getting stronger. The security agencies are trying to suppress the blistering Islamisation of Dagestan. But the more Russia pressures the local Moslems, the more they oppose. The border between Russian mentality and new Caucasus mentality passes just here.



แƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ  แƒแƒœแƒขแƒแƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒชแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ โ€žแƒ›แƒชแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜โ€œ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ  แƒแƒœแƒขแƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ, แƒแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒžแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒฎแƒ˜แƒก โ€“ โ€žแƒฃแƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒš แƒขแƒแƒซแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ แƒ›แƒชแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒกโ€œ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒแƒช แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ” แƒ•แƒฎแƒ•แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒช แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ•แƒแƒ›แƒฉแƒœแƒ”แƒ•แƒ—. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒชแƒ˜แƒžแƒก แƒ”แƒงแƒ แƒ“แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ. แƒกแƒแƒฌแƒงแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒฃแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒฅแƒ›แƒแƒก แƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒ› แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒžแƒแƒœแƒขแƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒแƒ•แƒขแƒแƒ แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ’แƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ”แƒฃแƒš แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ  แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ—แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒฆแƒ˜แƒฅแƒ•แƒแƒ›แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒจแƒ˜แƒช แƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒžแƒแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒคแƒแƒ แƒฃแƒš แƒกแƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒซแƒฃแƒ แƒก. แƒ”แƒก แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฎแƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒฏแƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒœแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒกแƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ”แƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒ–แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒกแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒŸแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒแƒฏแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ, แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒฏแƒ”แƒ  แƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒฃแƒงแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒฏแƒ”แƒ  แƒกแƒแƒกแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒฏแƒ”แƒ  แƒฃแƒชแƒœแƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒฏแƒ”แƒ  แƒ™แƒ˜ โ€“ แƒจแƒ˜แƒจแƒ˜แƒกแƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ’แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฎแƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช โ€žแƒ›แƒชแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒกโ€œ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ”แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒ— แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ–แƒฃแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ  แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ“, แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒ— แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒฃแƒš แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒก. แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒœแƒแƒ™แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒงแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒแƒฅแƒชแƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒœ. แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒฎแƒแƒ› แƒกแƒฃแƒš แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒฆแƒแƒช แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒฉแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ—, แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒคแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒแƒ  แƒแƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒœ. แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒ“แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— โ€žแƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒคแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒกโ€œ แƒ’แƒ–แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒซแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœ. แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒžแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒจแƒ”แƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ“, แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“ แƒกแƒแƒ•แƒแƒญแƒ แƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒฌแƒงแƒแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒžแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ›แƒแƒงแƒ แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜. แƒฐแƒ, แƒกแƒแƒ•แƒแƒญแƒ แƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒฃแƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ แƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒแƒœแƒก, แƒคแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒแƒช แƒ’แƒแƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒœ, แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ›, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒžแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒคแƒแƒกแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ  แƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒฏแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ. แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ›, แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“, แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฎแƒแƒ› แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜, แƒฃแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฌแƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ˜แƒฅ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒช แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ— แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒŸแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒงแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—. แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฌแƒฃแƒฎแƒแƒ แƒแƒ“, แƒ”แƒก แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒšแƒ” แƒแƒฆแƒแƒ  แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒ”แƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒ—-แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ› แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ”แƒ–แƒ—แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒแƒช แƒแƒ› โ€žแƒ›แƒชแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกโ€œ แƒแƒฆแƒ‘แƒ”แƒญแƒ“แƒ•แƒ แƒจแƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ. แƒฏแƒ”แƒ แƒฏแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒœแƒขแƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ› 13 แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ. แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒ แƒ›แƒชแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒกแƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ  แƒ˜แƒญแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. Vladimir Antaki The Guardians was born from Vladimir Antakiโ€™s desire to document and pay tribute to these people, these โ€œguardians of urban templesโ€ that we meet everyday without really noticing. His approach is based on a principle of hazardous perambulation in every city that he visits. The initial idea is to have no more benchmark and enter spontaneously in places where the visual attraction is strong. He likes to see every city as a maze in which he enjoys getting lost and finding these treasures. These places are sometimes magical, overloaded with elements, colours and stories, guarded by these characters who are sometimes touching, funny, quirky, and at times frightening. The photos that he takes are often the only memory that this Guardian will have of him/herself in their daily environment. This photo can be the only visual record of the existence of this place, the only photographic memory. People pay less and less attention to their environment. They are always in a hurry, they donโ€™t allow themselves to spend time with one another. They are constantly looking for ways to โ€œsave time and moneyโ€, thatโ€™s why theyโ€™d rather shop in large malls where all types of businesses are centralized instead of encouraging their local shops. Yes, malls and supermarkets are convenient and they make you save money because small shops cannot compete with large stores on price and variety of selection, but they are also so sterile, impersonal and boring and where you donโ€™t get to meet these characters. Unfortunately, these places will one day no longer be around. This is one of the reasons that compelled me to want to document these โ€œGuardiansโ€. So far, Antaki has visited 13 cities. Each picture is taken during his first encounter with the Guardian and he doesnโ€™t interfere with the space.




แƒ แƒ”แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒแƒŸแƒ˜

Reportage


แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒ˜ แƒฉแƒ˜แƒฎแƒ˜: แƒœแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒฅแƒ แƒแƒก แƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘-แƒชแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒขแƒงแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ 2008 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก, แƒ แƒแƒชแƒ แƒแƒฅแƒ แƒแƒก แƒคแƒแƒกแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ, แƒฉแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ-แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ— แƒœแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒ–แƒแƒ›แƒคแƒแƒ แƒแƒก แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ แƒ”แƒ’แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒคแƒแƒ—แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ แƒแƒšแƒ แƒแƒฅแƒ แƒแƒก แƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘-แƒชแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒชแƒ. แƒ–แƒแƒ›แƒคแƒแƒ แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒฃแƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒฎแƒ แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒšแƒ” แƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ›แƒ”แƒฏแƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒ˜แƒ•แƒกแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒแƒช แƒ’แƒแƒฆแƒแƒขแƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒขแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒชแƒœแƒ”แƒœ. แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ“แƒ›แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒฃแƒฆแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ, แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒฃแƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒ— 100 แƒ“แƒแƒšแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒช แƒ˜แƒจแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœ. แƒ—แƒฃแƒ›แƒชแƒแƒฆแƒ แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—แƒ แƒแƒชแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒšแƒ”, แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ›แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒจแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒชแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒชแƒ แƒแƒฅแƒ แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒžแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ›, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ, โ€žแƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒขแƒงแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒซแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒ”แƒžแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜แƒโ€œ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒฌแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ. 2010 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— 460 แƒฎแƒฃแƒ— แƒฌแƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒฆแƒฃแƒžแƒ, 5000 แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒแƒฅแƒ แƒแƒก แƒซแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒฃแƒคแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒขแƒงแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ. แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒช แƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ•แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒฉแƒ, แƒ›แƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒœแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒแƒฃแƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒก แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. โ€žแƒ”แƒฅแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒจแƒ”แƒกโ€œ แƒ›แƒชแƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“, แƒ–แƒแƒคแƒแƒ แƒ แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒช แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒš แƒฉแƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒš แƒฌแƒ แƒ”แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒชแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ โ€“ แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ  แƒฌแƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒœ แƒ—แƒฎแƒ แƒแƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒแƒฏแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฐแƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ  แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒกแƒแƒช แƒแƒœแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒกแƒแƒช. Alex Masi Dead End: The Nigerian Gold Rush and Lead Poisoning Crisis In 2008, as the price of gold began skyrocketing, a cluster of villages in rural Zamfara โ€“ northwest Nigeria โ€“ turned into the center of a new, dangerous and uncontrollable gold rush. The artisanal pits of Zamfara were soon swamped by farmers, cattle herders, women and youngsters who had left their impoverished villages to become improvised miners: in a good day, they can earn as much as 100 USD. However, the villagersโ€™ dreams of wealth soon became real-life nightmares, as mining activity unleashed what has been defined โ€œthe worst lead poisoning epidemic in modern historyโ€: since 2010, around 460 children under-five have died, while 5,000 more have been contaminated by the lead released from the stones, grinded in search for gold. Those who survive will experience incurable neurological disorders. Despite the efforts of Mรฉdecins Sans Frontiรจres, Zamfara is still facing a deadly catch-22 situation: while miners canโ€™t stop digging to feed their families, they are destroying their own future, and that of their children.



แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒฏแƒแƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒ›แƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ (แƒแƒš แƒแƒœแƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ˜, แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒงแƒ˜) แƒแƒ แƒกแƒแƒ“ แƒงแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒงแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒ‘แƒแƒฆแƒ“แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—, 64 แƒ™แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒจแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅ แƒคแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒฏแƒแƒจแƒ˜. แƒแƒ— แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒฌแƒแƒ“แƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜ แƒฎแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒแƒจแƒจ-แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒ› แƒฐแƒฃแƒกแƒ”แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ˜แƒฅแƒขแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ แƒ”แƒŸแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒฉแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒœแƒแƒ“, แƒกแƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒงแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒš แƒกแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒš แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒฅแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฉแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒกแƒฃแƒš แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒฎแƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒฎแƒ•แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ”แƒคแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒœแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒฆแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ–แƒแƒ แƒ“ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒ”แƒก แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ–แƒ” แƒ™แƒแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ  แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒš แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒฐแƒงแƒ•แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒช แƒฎแƒฃแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒแƒ—แƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒ“แƒ” แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒฏแƒแƒœแƒงแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ. แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ—แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒชแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒกแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒžแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ แƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ”แƒก. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ, แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ–แƒ” แƒแƒ—แƒแƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒฏแƒแƒฎแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ  แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒฌแƒงแƒ•แƒ“แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜. แƒ”แƒฅแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ แƒ, แƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒขแƒ แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒช แƒคแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒฏแƒแƒก แƒกแƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ แƒกแƒแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒงแƒแƒคแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒชแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒจแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ”แƒ™แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒแƒฆแƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒจแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ—แƒ 15%-แƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒก แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒงแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ”แƒคแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒแƒšแƒ™แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒชแƒ แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒก แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ 2-แƒ“แƒแƒœ 4%-แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ. แƒ’แƒแƒแƒ’แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒ›แƒจแƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒขแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒฆแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒ—, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒฅแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ— แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒฃแƒš แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒช แƒแƒ›แƒŸแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒแƒ  แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒฌแƒ˜แƒคแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ—. Alex Masi The Fallujah Legacy (Al Anbar, Iraq) Nowhere was the Iraq War more harrowing than in the city of Fallujah, forty miles west of Baghdad. More then a decade after the controversial US-led intervention to topple Saddam Husseinโ€™s dictatorial regime, local doctors in the former Sunni stronghold are dealing with a mysterious rise in deformities, early-life cancers and neurological disorders in children and infants, following two devastating assaults by coalition forces to the city, defended by an estimated five thousands wellorganised insurgents. In order to protect civilians, the US military started an awareness campaign to free the city of non-combatants. However, thousands of families remained behind, trapped inside their homes. Dr Samira, a leading paediatrician appointed to keep vital records at Fallujah General Hospital, indicates that more then 15 per cent of newborn babies are now presenting some form of congenital defects, while the average elsewhere in the world is considered to be 2 to 4 per cent. Parents are left to wonder in anger and distress, questioning doctors for concrete explanations they are currently unable to provide.



แƒแƒœแƒ แƒกแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒซแƒ” แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒจแƒแƒคแƒขแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ” แƒ“แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ›แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒ™แƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ” แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒงแƒแƒ–แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ’แƒ˜แƒก (แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒคแƒแƒœแƒฌแƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก) แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒšแƒแƒšแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ“แƒ–แƒ” แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ—. แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒแƒฉแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ— แƒ›แƒขแƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜, แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜, แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ แƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒงแƒแƒคแƒ˜, แƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜, แƒ›แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ™แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ—แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒ”แƒ™แƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ—. แƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ›แƒแƒงแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ› แƒ“แƒ แƒžแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒงแƒฃแƒ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ›แƒ แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒซแƒ’แƒ, แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒจแƒ”แƒ’แƒ•แƒ”แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ. แƒ แƒแƒชแƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ•แƒฃแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ•แƒฎแƒ•แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒช แƒ˜แƒกแƒ” แƒ›แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒช แƒฉแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ. แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒชแƒœแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ— แƒกแƒ™แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒœแƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ แƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜. แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒขแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒŸแƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ, แƒ˜แƒแƒขแƒแƒ™แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ–แƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ˜แƒงแƒ แƒกแƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ”, แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒจแƒฃแƒจแƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒœแƒแƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒงแƒแƒ แƒ. แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ— แƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ™แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒฅแƒ แƒแƒšแƒ˜ โ€žแƒ‘แƒ แƒฌแƒงแƒ˜แƒœแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกโ€œ แƒ แƒ”แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒฃแƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒชแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ—. แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒก แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒแƒฉแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ—, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒ˜ แƒแƒ—แƒแƒฎแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ. แƒแƒฅ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ. แƒ›แƒแƒšแƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒชแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒœแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ•แƒ“แƒแƒก แƒแƒ›แƒŸแƒฆแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ. แƒชแƒแƒขแƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒจแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒญแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ, แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒฌแƒฃแƒ—แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒชแƒฃแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ–แƒ แƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ  แƒ’แƒ•แƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒ™แƒแƒšแƒ แƒฃแƒ™แƒ•แƒ” แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒแƒ—แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒฃแƒฅแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ“แƒฆแƒ” แƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ“แƒ. แƒ—แƒฃแƒ›แƒชแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒฌแƒแƒกแƒแƒกแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒกแƒแƒ“ แƒฐแƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ. แƒ”แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒคแƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ. แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒ  แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒžแƒแƒ แƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ, แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ—แƒฅแƒ•แƒแƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ“แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒซแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒซแƒแƒคแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ. Ana Svanidze Landscape Of Human Experience My friend and I went took a spontaneous journey into forgotten and forsaken places in Kazbegi (Stepantsminda), a small town in the Caucasus. What we discovered was a dusty and solitary village, with an old abandoned school and a church next to it that has been reduced to a state of decay. Curiosity and thirst for a little adventure begged for a closer look. As we got closer we realized that the place was not as abandoned as it seemed. We started examining with scientific interest the inside of the school in ruins. Everything was corroded and rusty, floors full of gigantic holes, broken glasses and garbage scattered all over. We tried to reconstruct in our imagination the annihilated โ€˜splendourโ€™ of the old school. After roaming around we discovered that some of the rooms were inhabited. People actually lived there. Shortly, an old lady, whoโ€™s expression clearly conveyed solitude and sadness confusedly approached us. She seemed a little frightened and suspicious, but within few minutes realized that we had no bad intentions. She told us in despair that the school had been dysfunctional for decades and was deteriorating day by day. She had nowhere else to go though. It was her shelter. She did not say much, but those few sentences she uttered were dense and heavy.



แƒฅแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ—แƒ แƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—-แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜แƒแƒ—แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ“แƒแƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ 74 แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒžแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒฎแƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ. แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒกแƒ™แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ›แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒกแƒšแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒฌแƒ˜แƒคแƒแƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒ› แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒฎแƒแƒ แƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ. แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ  แƒ—แƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ•แƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒ”แƒจแƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒงแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒฉแƒœแƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒœ. แƒ”แƒก แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ›, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒ—แƒแƒฃแƒกแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒ˜แƒก, แƒคแƒแƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ” แƒ“แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒ—. แƒ˜แƒกแƒšแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒฌแƒ˜แƒคแƒแƒก แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒงแƒจแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒญแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒแƒ—แƒแƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒแƒงแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ•แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœ. แƒแƒ—แƒแƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒแƒชแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒญแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒ”แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒก, แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒชแƒ”แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒฃแƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ–แƒ” แƒกแƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ  แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒงแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒก. แƒกแƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒคแƒแƒ—แƒ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒก, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ•แƒก แƒฐแƒงแƒแƒคแƒœแƒ˜แƒ—. แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒซแƒšแƒ แƒแƒ แƒแƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒงแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒš แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒฃแƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒกแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒจแƒ˜, แƒขแƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ‘แƒ แƒ”แƒ–แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜, แƒแƒœ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ  แƒจแƒแƒ แƒแƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒ’แƒแƒฅแƒชแƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ–แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒแƒœแƒกแƒ˜ แƒแƒ  แƒฐแƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ—, แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒช แƒแƒฃแƒชแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒœแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒแƒกแƒฌแƒ แƒ”แƒก. แƒฅแƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒœแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ–แƒแƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒแƒก แƒแƒชแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ”แƒ•แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒชแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒ แƒช แƒ–แƒแƒ›แƒ—แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒขแƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒชแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ แƒช แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜. แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒฌแƒงแƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒฏแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ 10 000 แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ“แƒก แƒ˜แƒกแƒšแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒฌแƒ˜แƒคแƒแƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒ› แƒแƒšแƒงแƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒแƒ แƒขแƒงแƒ. 4 แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒฎแƒแƒœแƒก แƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒแƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ, แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒแƒฆแƒญแƒฃแƒ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒแƒฆแƒ˜ แƒชแƒแƒขแƒ แƒฐแƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ—, แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒ› แƒฅแƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ›แƒ แƒคแƒ”แƒจแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ› (แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒงแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜) แƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒ  แƒ’แƒแƒฃแƒฎแƒกแƒœแƒ. แƒแƒ› แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒงแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒ”แƒœ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒแƒ› แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ  แƒ›แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒžแƒšแƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒœ. แƒแƒฅ แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ แƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ•แƒแƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ. แƒแƒ›แƒŸแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒแƒšแƒงแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒชแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ—แƒ แƒกแƒแƒกแƒแƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒ—แƒ, แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ, แƒแƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒกแƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒชแƒแƒšแƒ™แƒ”แƒฃแƒš แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜. Christian Werner

The Yezidi religion is one of the oldest. Since its founding years, its followers have suffered from 74 genocides. The latest and most systematic attempts are by the IS terrorist militia. The Yazidis are more persecuted than other religious communities because they are regarded as devil worshipers. This is because they believe in Tausi Melek, a fallen angel in the form of a peacock. Since the invasion of the IS terrorist militia in Iraq, hundreds of thousands Yazidis were uprooted and are on the run. Thousands of men and boys were shot and beheaded, women abducted and sold at auction as sex slaves. In adverse circumstances, they have erected makeshift shelters, where they found just enough room. Only a few have made it into the camps set up by NGOs. Most live in the reinforced concrete skeletons of unfinished houses, improvised in tents made of tarpaulins and branches or on the road. They had no chance to prepare for the flight, nor to pack the essentials. Winter has come to Kurdistan and saps the forces of refugees who have no winter clothes or blankets to protect themselves against it. Before the beginning of the year, 10,000 Yazidis were encircled in the Sinjar Mountains of the IS militia. For over 4 months, they fought with little food, little ammunition and weapons to survive until the Kurdish Peshmerga free fought a land corridor. With the story, I wish to draw attention to the situation of the Yazidis, who are the main victims of this conflict. Here I want to show a broad spectrum. The current life situation, the despair of the encircled, the struggle for survival, the war with all its horrors, the religion, the destruction of religion, individual fates and their background.



แƒฅแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜แƒฎแƒแƒ , แƒจแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ•แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ? แƒจแƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒญแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜, โ€žYersinia pestisโ€œ, แƒฆแƒ•แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ แƒแƒฎแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒจแƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ•แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ โ€“ แƒจแƒแƒ• แƒญแƒ˜แƒ แƒก แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒกแƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” โ€“ แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒ’แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ. แƒจแƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒญแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜ แƒฎแƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ” แƒ“แƒแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ. แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒจแƒฃแƒ แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒจแƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒญแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒ”แƒžแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒ› แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ˜แƒ แƒ. แƒแƒกแƒ” แƒ”แƒฌแƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒคแƒ”แƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ  แƒ“แƒแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก โ€žแƒจแƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ•แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜โ€œ. แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒ แƒฎแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒจแƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒญแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒก แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒจแƒ˜, แƒฐแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜แƒ”แƒœแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒฃแƒ›แƒฏแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฃแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜ แƒฏแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒชแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜, แƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒกแƒžแƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒแƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒจแƒ˜, แƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒซแƒ˜แƒšแƒ–แƒ”, แƒ“แƒแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ› แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒฏแƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒ” แƒ˜แƒคแƒ”แƒ—แƒฅแƒ. 2013 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ’แƒแƒกแƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ• แƒจแƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒญแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒžแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒจแƒ”แƒ. แƒแƒ แƒแƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒ โ€žแƒžแƒแƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒœแƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒขแƒฃแƒขแƒ˜โ€œ แƒ“แƒ โ€žแƒฌแƒ˜แƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฏแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜โ€œ, แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ™แƒฃแƒœแƒซแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒฆแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒฃแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒก แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒก, แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒ—แƒฎแƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒจแƒ”แƒ. แƒฐแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒ—แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ”แƒคแƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ, แƒ™แƒแƒขแƒแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒแƒคแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒฃแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ’แƒแƒกแƒ™แƒแƒ แƒจแƒ˜ แƒจแƒแƒ แƒจแƒแƒœ แƒจแƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒญแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒก 256 แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒฅแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒœ 60 แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒชแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ. แƒ”แƒก แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒกแƒ™แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒซแƒ˜แƒšแƒ–แƒ” แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ“แƒแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒงแƒ แƒ”แƒš แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ’แƒแƒกแƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒก แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒฆแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ” แƒ“แƒ แƒฐแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ” แƒฃแƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒก. 2009 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒš แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก, แƒกแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ 500 แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒคแƒ˜แƒฅแƒกแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒขแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ”แƒ–แƒแƒœแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ™แƒฃแƒœแƒซแƒฃแƒšแƒ–แƒ” แƒแƒฅแƒขแƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ˜แƒœแƒคแƒ”แƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ. แƒขแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒฃแƒ–แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒแƒžแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ—แƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ‘แƒฃแƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ  แƒจแƒแƒ• แƒญแƒ˜แƒ แƒก แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒกแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. แƒ›แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒœแƒแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒจแƒ”, แƒ“แƒแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒกแƒ™แƒœแƒ”แƒš โ€“ แƒžแƒœแƒ”แƒ•แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒจแƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒญแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒ–แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก. แƒ”แƒก แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒคแƒ”แƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒก แƒฐแƒแƒ”แƒ -แƒฌแƒ•แƒ”แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒ. แƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ•แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒ’แƒœแƒแƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ, แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ— แƒฎแƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒœแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒซแƒ”แƒ‘แƒœแƒ แƒ”แƒ—แƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒฏแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒชแƒ•แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ  แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒฌแƒ•แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ—. แƒกแƒแƒฌแƒงแƒ˜แƒก แƒ–แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒขแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒฃแƒš แƒ›แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒœแƒแƒšแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒคแƒ˜แƒชแƒ แƒ˜แƒก, แƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒฌแƒงแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒชแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒแƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ’แƒแƒกแƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ–แƒ”, แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒจแƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒญแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก 90%-แƒ˜แƒ. Christian Werner Quo Vadis, Black Death?

Plague, Yersinia pestis, Scourge of God, or the Black Death โ€“ the plague has many names. It is known if at all, from the history books. Plague is a disease with a long history. Especially in the Middle Ages numerous plague epidemicscarried large parts of the European population off, so that the infectious disease was referred to as โ€œBlack Deathโ€. More recently, the plague is largely eradicated in most parts of the globe due to improved hygienic conditions and better medical care. But in Africa, Russia, Asia and as well in the U.S. in the past centuries there have been outbreaks of the disease. 2013 โ€“ Madagascar is once again before an epidemic of plague. Non-profit organizations such as the Pasteur Institute and the Red Cross say that the very poor population of the island, which comprises the largest part, is most at risk. Due to lack of hygiene and education a disaster is inevitable. Madagascar has recorded 256 cases of plague and 60 resulting deaths last year โ€“ the worldโ€™s highest recorded number in the last century. The disease encounters favorable conditions by the poverty and the low level of hygiene in most parts of Madagascar. An annual average of 500 cases have been recorded since 2009. The rainy season from October to August is the peak of the infection. The wet weather makes the flea population explode, which transmit the bubonic plague of rats and other animals, to humans. If the disease is not treated, as the last stage it can develop to pneumonic plague. This is highly infectious, it is transmitted by aerosol droplet infection from person to person. Only an early detection prevents death. Although the disease can be cured with antibiotics, the inhabitants of rural areas are often ashamed to seek treatmentor do not have the access to basic health care. As an initial measure they consult traditional healers, trying to heal them with burl wood, saliva and spells. Experts say that Africa โ€“ especially Madagascar has more than 90% of plague cases worldwide.



แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“ แƒ™แƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ Mr. Seatings แƒ™แƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒœแƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก. แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒ› แƒแƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ—แƒแƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒฎแƒ˜ แƒแƒ› แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒฃแƒฉแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒ”แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ”แƒคแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒฌแƒ”แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒชแƒ—แƒฃ แƒ›แƒฎแƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒฎแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒกแƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒฃแƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฎแƒฃแƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ”แƒก แƒฆแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒซแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“, แƒฉแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ–แƒœแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒขแƒแƒฅแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ–แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒฉแƒแƒ แƒฎแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ แƒ แƒ—แƒฅแƒ›แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ, แƒกแƒแƒกแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒšแƒ แƒฅแƒฃแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒฌแƒ˜แƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒคแƒšแƒแƒŸแƒ˜แƒ. David Klammer Mr. Seatings The carnival in Cologne has a darker side. Weeks before hundreds of thousands of people celebrate in the streets of the German city, in the halls of an old hall, men congregate, seemingly without having a lot of fun. There are music and jokes on the stage, but this event is also in place to do shadow business, to renew contacts and do deals the short way. Of course, wearing funny hats or red noses are some kind of funny camouflage...



แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒฏแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒšแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒงแƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒกแƒšแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒ  แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒฌแƒ˜แƒคแƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒฏแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒšแƒ“แƒ›แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒงแƒจแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒฃแƒ แƒ— แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ—แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒšแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒฌแƒ˜แƒคแƒแƒก แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒขแƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒฆแƒ. โ€žแƒฃแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ”แƒ—แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ  แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒ . แƒ แƒแƒช แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ, แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒฅ แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก. แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒ แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ  แƒ›แƒ˜แƒงแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒก, แƒ“แƒแƒŸแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ•แƒ”แƒซแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒ แƒแƒฆแƒแƒช แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒžแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒแƒก, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒฉแƒ”แƒ› แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒขแƒ”แƒ•แƒก. แƒ˜แƒ› แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒกแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ—, แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒžแƒแƒ•แƒ” โ€“ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒช แƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒแƒ แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒช แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ• แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜. แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ› แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”. แƒ”แƒ แƒ— แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒก, แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒ แƒ— แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒก แƒ•แƒ”แƒซแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒคแƒšแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒšแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก. แƒ•แƒ˜แƒคแƒ˜แƒฅแƒ แƒ”, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒ แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒœแƒแƒ˜แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒ”แƒชแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒงแƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒกแƒšแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒฌแƒ˜แƒคแƒแƒก แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒจแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒžแƒแƒกแƒขแƒ—แƒแƒœโ€œ. Eddie Gerald On the frontline against ISIS Eddie Gerald documented the battles between Kurdish fighters and Islamic State militants in Syria and Iraq. โ€œI donโ€™t tend to go shopping abroad. We have everything here. And since I donโ€™t like to carry a lot of things, I am obsessively searching for something very small that encapsulates my experience in countries I visit. In the area we visited in Syria I found no such object. I couldnโ€™t find one at the bazaar nor at the local market, so I looked through the photographs I took. I was looking for one scene or one photograph that would symbolize the experience of visiting a torn and bleeding country. I thought Iโ€™d find such a symbol in our documentation of sniper and mortar fire on an ISIS post a few meters away from us.โ€





แƒคแƒแƒฃแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒžแƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒฆแƒ” โ€“ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ™แƒแƒชแƒแƒœแƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒขแƒ—แƒแƒœ, แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒแƒœแƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ–แƒ”, แƒ™แƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒฌแƒ›แƒฃแƒœแƒ” แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒฃแƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒฆแƒกแƒแƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒ—, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒแƒ› แƒ’แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ— แƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒจแƒแƒกแƒ™แƒ”แƒœ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒฃแƒคแƒšแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒชแƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒฌแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ โ€“ โ€žแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒจแƒ”แƒฃแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒโ€œ แƒ™แƒแƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒคแƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ–แƒœแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ˜แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ”แƒฃแƒš แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒคแƒแƒก, แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒช แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒแƒขแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฐแƒงแƒแƒ•แƒก. แƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ•แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒก แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒฆแƒ˜แƒฅแƒ•แƒแƒ›แƒก. แƒ“แƒฃแƒ แƒ’แƒ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ› แƒ แƒแƒฏแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒ โ€“ แƒ‘แƒแƒขแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒก, แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ“, แƒจแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒฃแƒ  แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ”แƒก แƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒฏแƒ”แƒ  แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ• แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ™แƒแƒชแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ“ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ 9-10 แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒก แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒแƒ› แƒ’แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ— แƒœแƒแƒจแƒแƒ•แƒœ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒ“แƒแƒšแƒแƒ แƒก แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘ แƒแƒฏแƒแƒฎแƒก แƒฃแƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ˜แƒก. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒกแƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒ แƒ”แƒญแƒ•แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒจแƒ”แƒ: แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒกแƒฃแƒœแƒ—แƒฅแƒแƒ•แƒก แƒ แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒฌแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒฎแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒ•แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒก, แƒแƒ—แƒแƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒก แƒฃแƒฎแƒกแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒจแƒแƒกแƒ™แƒ”แƒœ, แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒช แƒแƒ  แƒ“แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒกแƒฃแƒš แƒชแƒแƒขแƒ, 250 แƒ›แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ 5-แƒ“แƒแƒœ 15 แƒฌแƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ–แƒ”แƒ. แƒกแƒขแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ“, แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก 61% แƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜. 44 แƒ›แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜, แƒแƒ› แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒกแƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ แƒ”แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒกแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ. Fausto Podavini Dosmday: The Pyre Boy Being cremated at Manikarnika Ghat, on Ganga banks in Varanasi is the ideal end of any Hindu devotee, as this is believed it leads a soul to Moksha, out from rebirth cycle. Doms, a particular section of untouchables, undertake the duty of burning the corpses. An obscure Dom kingdom survives in Varanasi with a lucrative business and, as in every kingdom, there are owners and servants, both dealing with death as a mere matter of predestination. Durga Prasad is a servant of Dom Raj: he mainly does housework in his ownerโ€™s palace. Being still very young, he works just 9-10 days a month at the pyres, earning a few dollars to be given to his family in the countryside. But his destiny seems to be unquestionable: breathing the burning flesh smoke, giving thousands of souls a way to Moksha, till also his last day will come. Worldwide there are at least 250 million children between 5 and 15 years who work. Almost half is occupied full time. Statistics show that 61% of child labor is concentrated in Asia: with its 44 million of child workers, India holds the world record of child labor.



แƒคแƒšแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒžแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ โ€“ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒขแƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒชแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒ› แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ–แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ แƒ™แƒšแƒแƒกแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒขแƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ“แƒ”แƒ•แƒก, แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒ—แƒ แƒ™แƒšแƒแƒกแƒก, แƒ”แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ’แƒแƒฃแƒ›แƒแƒซแƒฆแƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ•แƒ”แƒคแƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒญแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒœ. แƒฅแƒแƒ แƒฎแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒฅแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒœ. แƒ›แƒแƒฐแƒแƒ—แƒ›แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ› แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒฆแƒแƒช แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒแƒจแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜ แƒแƒฐแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒจแƒ˜, แƒงแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒš โ€žแƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒฉแƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒจแƒ˜โ€œ แƒ“แƒแƒแƒแƒ แƒกแƒ; แƒ˜แƒฏแƒ“แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ• แƒฏแƒแƒ แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒœแƒขแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ แƒแƒซแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ  แƒ”แƒ แƒ–แƒ”. แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒงแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ›แƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒงแƒแƒšแƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ’แƒฃแƒฏแƒแƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒšแƒแƒœแƒขแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ”, แƒ˜แƒ› แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒฎแƒ–แƒ”, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒช แƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒญแƒฃแƒญแƒงแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒก แƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒก. แƒฃแƒแƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ แƒจแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒแƒฆแƒแƒœแƒ“ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒแƒก. แƒกแƒ˜แƒฆแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒแƒฃแƒขแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒš แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒก แƒแƒ˜แƒซแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒฃแƒฅแƒก แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ•แƒ”แƒ  แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒก. แƒฅแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒœแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒกแƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒฃแƒ“แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒแƒœ แƒ‘แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒขแƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฏแƒแƒœแƒ›แƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒฃแƒแƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒแƒ›แƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒ› แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒฃแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒฃแƒคแƒชแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ›แƒ”แƒฅแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ‘แƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒก, แƒ”แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ” แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒฅ, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒญแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ, แƒแƒ แƒชแƒ—แƒฃ แƒœแƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒœแƒแƒจแƒแƒ•แƒ”. แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒแƒช แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒซแƒฆแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ’แƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒ‘แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› โ€žแƒซแƒแƒšแƒ แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒก แƒฎแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒกโ€œ. Florian Mรผller Fashio Victims โ€“ Other Peopleโ€™s Clothes While Indiaโ€™s growing middle class is following trends, the greedy tiger is chewing its working class for the well being of the economic prosperity. The factories spit out fabrics which will be offered later on the world markets. Mahatma Gandhi once founded his ashram in Ahmedabad, the former โ€žManchester oft he Orientโ€œ. He sat at his spinning wheel and spread his ideas of a nation of equality, tolerance and nonviolence. But today the Indian reality looks different. Stories can be told about child slaves at cotton plantations in rural Gujarat, as well as about people who wash dirty clothes for the wealthy. A lot of workers work double shifts to enhance their salaries. Poverty makes them work under unacceptable conditions. A lot of them hardly see the sunlight. Long-term health damage caused by negligent handling of chemicals and colours or the dust that impairs from the work with cotton limit the lifespan of a lot of workers. As long as corruption, bribery and greediness steer Indiaโ€™s industry only little of the economic prosperity will get where it is needed most. However it his unclear whom to blame and also we have to take the blame with our โ€štight is rightโ€™ mentality.



แƒ’แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ” แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒกแƒ•แƒšแƒ โ€“ แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ•แƒ: แƒกแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜ 2014 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก 8 แƒ˜แƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒก แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒ แƒฆแƒแƒ–แƒแƒก แƒกแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒแƒ แƒจแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒแƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ, แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒฌแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— โ€žแƒแƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ โ€“ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒชแƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜โ€œ แƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“ แƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒชแƒแƒขแƒ แƒœแƒแƒ™แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก, แƒžแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ แƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒขแƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ’แƒแƒขแƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ•แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฏแƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ—แƒ แƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ“, 2000 แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒฆแƒฃแƒžแƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒฆแƒแƒ–แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ. แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒก แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒแƒก, IDF-แƒ›แƒ (แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒแƒชแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜) แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ“แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒฐแƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ›แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒฏแƒ’แƒฃแƒคแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒ แƒฆแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒ”แƒœ 4564 แƒ แƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒขแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒก. IDF แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒฆแƒแƒ–แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒกแƒฎแƒ 5263 แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒก, แƒ“แƒแƒฎแƒแƒชแƒ 2000-แƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒญแƒ แƒ 10 000แƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœ 70%, แƒฆแƒแƒ–แƒแƒก แƒฏแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒชแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ แƒแƒก, แƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒคแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒชแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒฏแƒ’แƒฃแƒคแƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒœ. 5 แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒก OCHA-แƒ› (แƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒก แƒฐแƒฃแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ แƒฃแƒš แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ”แƒ—แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜) แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ“แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒฆแƒแƒ–แƒแƒก แƒกแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒแƒ แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ 520 000 แƒžแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒแƒฃแƒ“แƒแƒ“, แƒ“แƒ”แƒ•แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒชแƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ’แƒแƒœ 485 000-แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒกแƒแƒกแƒฌแƒ แƒแƒคแƒแƒ“ แƒฃแƒ–แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒงแƒแƒคแƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒญแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ. แƒฆแƒแƒ–แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ 17 200 แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ—แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒฃแƒ แƒ“แƒ, 37 650 แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ, แƒ—แƒฃแƒ›แƒชแƒ แƒกแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒฏแƒ”แƒ  แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ• แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ. แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ˜ 5000-แƒ“แƒแƒœ 8000-แƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ”แƒ› แƒ แƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ˜แƒจแƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒขแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒกแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜. Gabriele Micalizzi Forward Retreat: A surrealist war On the 8th of July 2014, Israel launched a military operation which is designated Operation Protective Edge in the Gaza Strip. Since then, in a bit less than seven weeks more than 2.000 people died under Israeli bombardment, Palestinian rocket attacks, kidnapping, execution and ground fighting; the most of them were Gazan civilians. At the end of August IDF (Israel Defense Force) reported that Hamas and other militant groups had fired 4.564 rockets and mortars from Gaza into Israel, while the IDF attacked 5.263 targets in Gaza killing more than 2.000 Gazans and wounding more than 10.000 of them, about which around 70% of the Gaza Health Ministry, UN and some human rights groups reported to be civilians. On the 5th of August OCHA (United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs) stated that 520.000 Palestinians in the Gaza Strip might have been displaced, of whom 485.000 needed emergency food assistance. 17.200 Gazan homes were completely destroyed and 37.650 homes suffered damage but were still inhabitable while in Israel, an estimated 5.000 to 8.000 citizens temporarily fled their homes due to the threat of rocket and mortar attacks.



แƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒขแƒแƒœแƒ แƒคแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒฃแƒขแƒ”แƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ˜. แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒญแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒซแƒ˜แƒšแƒ–แƒ” แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒกแƒ™แƒœแƒ”แƒš แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒกแƒœแƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒฃแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒฆแƒ แƒ›แƒ แƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒกแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒฃแƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ›แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ˜แƒกแƒ” แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒแƒœแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ. แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒฌแƒงแƒ•แƒ˜แƒขแƒ”, แƒชแƒฎแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒกแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ” แƒ›แƒ”แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒกแƒก แƒ”แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒชแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒกแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“, แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒช แƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ แƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ•แƒแƒกแƒ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒฏแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ›แƒคแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ›แƒ”แƒฏแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒŸแƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ›แƒฌแƒ•แƒ แƒ—แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒฏแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ‘แƒฃแƒ™แƒ›แƒ”แƒ™แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก. แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒกแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒชแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒฃแƒš แƒกแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒซแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒ“ แƒแƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ โ€“ แƒฉแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒœแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒแƒแƒกแƒžแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ–แƒ”แƒ—แƒแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒ•แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ 2011 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒžแƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ แƒคแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ˜ โ€“ 200 แƒ›แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ 2014 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก 75 แƒ›แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ. แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒ”แƒœ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒซแƒ’แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ•แƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒญแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒก. แƒแƒ› แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ–แƒแƒก แƒฎแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒžแƒแƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ โ€“ แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒžแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒ—-แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ“ แƒแƒฆแƒญแƒฃแƒ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜. แƒกแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒกแƒœแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ˜ 1995 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ”แƒฌแƒงแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒฅ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒš แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒฎแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก 20 000-แƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒงแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒกแƒฌแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒกแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ–แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒกแƒœแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ”แƒ“แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ› แƒชแƒฎแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒกแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒงแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒšแƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒšแƒ. แƒชแƒฎแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒกแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒก แƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒš แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒคแƒšแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒฃแƒš Palio dellโ€™Ascensione-แƒกแƒ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก Palio di Santa Venera-แƒ–แƒ”. แƒกแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒกแƒœแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒก แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒฃแƒแƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒฎแƒ˜ แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ. แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒกแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœ แƒจแƒ”แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒฅแƒ›แƒฃแƒš แƒŸแƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒžแƒ˜แƒœแƒซแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ. แƒ›แƒ”แƒ–แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ แƒ”แƒ’แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก โ€“ แƒคแƒšแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ›แƒ แƒขแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒชแƒฎแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฏแƒแƒญแƒ•แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ› แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒฅแƒขแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒซแƒ˜แƒšแƒ–แƒ”, แƒ”แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒ แƒแƒ  แƒฅแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒฃแƒแƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒœแƒ˜, แƒคแƒกแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒ™แƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ•แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒก แƒกแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒกแƒœแƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒฎแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒžแƒแƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ–แƒ”, แƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ แƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒœแƒแƒœ แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒก แƒฎแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒช แƒ›แƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒกแƒ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒคแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒคแƒกแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒชแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒก. Gaetano Fisicaro UNBROKEN Lives at canter In the last years, the italian horseracing industry has been suffering from a deep crisis due both to the management policy not much accurate to the problems of the sector and the economic crisis of country. I decided to tell the horseracing that resists this crisis and that still manages to attract many fans and to give work, including breeders, owners, stableman, jockeys, trainers, managers and commissioners, despite the cuts. Cuts that have heavily impacted to the sector in recent years by more than 200 million euro in prize money of 2011 have seen a decrease in investments down to a prize money of 75 million euro for 2014, to be divided between a trot and canter. The interest in this world has led me to explore many of its aspects. Theatre of this story is Mediterranean Hippodrome of Siracusa, one of the best equipped for canter in Europe. The structure of the racecourse was founded in 1995 and has the presence of more than twenty thousand spectators. The realization of a racecourse in Siracusaโ€™a area was the realization of an expectation of many sicilianโ€™s horseracing enthusiasts. Passion every year reconfirmed during the historic โ€œPalio dellโ€™Ascensioneโ€ of Floridia, โ€œPalio di Santa Veneraโ€ of Avola. The racecourse has lived in his early years hugr crowd, hosting some of the most important national horseracing meetings and most internationally renowned jockeys. The historic tradition of the two neighboring countries, Floridia and Avola, and strong attachment to the horse of the Sicilians have allowed over the years that this world does not disappear. There are many fans, betters and employees who find at horseracing meeting in the Mediterranean Hippodrome to live full the charm of this world capable to populates imagination and memories of generations and to feed hopes and dreams of owners and betters.



แƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒขแƒแƒœแƒ แƒคแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ amaROMondo ROM-แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒงแƒแƒšแƒ แƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ”แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒก, แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒžแƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒ. แƒ”แƒก แƒฎแƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒซแƒแƒคแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒ—แƒฎแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒ”แƒ•แƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒ“แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’ แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒ”แƒซแƒฆแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ”แƒฎแƒ. amaROMondo-แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ ROM-แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒ”แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒจแƒ”แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ™แƒแƒขแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ–แƒ” แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒขแƒงแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก โ€“ โ€žแƒ›แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ”โ€œ แƒ“แƒ โ€žแƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒโ€œ โ€“ แƒจแƒ”แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ› แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒแƒ› แƒแƒฏแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒซแƒ˜แƒšแƒ–แƒ” แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒชแƒแƒšแƒ™แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒก แƒฐแƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒ—. แƒ”แƒก แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒขแƒงแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒช แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ ROM แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ ROM, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช 1971 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก ROM-แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒš แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒก, แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒฏแƒ’แƒฃแƒคแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒ•แƒก. แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ›แƒ แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒ“แƒแƒฃแƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒœแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒš แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒ โ€žแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒโ€œ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒแƒช แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒขแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ— แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒžแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒซแƒ˜แƒœแƒ, แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› ROM-แƒ—แƒ แƒ›แƒฃแƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฆแƒกแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒช แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, ROM-แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ—แƒฃแƒ›แƒชแƒ แƒกแƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒฃแƒš แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ“, โ€žแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜โ€œ แƒแƒฏแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ, แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒ›แƒแƒงแƒ” แƒ“แƒ แƒžแƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒœแƒ–แƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ–แƒ”, แƒžแƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ, แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฏแƒแƒญแƒ•แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ แƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒฏแƒแƒฎแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒ—แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒฎแƒกแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒ—. แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒแƒฃแƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ–แƒ” ROM-แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก 160 000 แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ—แƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฏแƒ’แƒฃแƒคแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒ—แƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒช แƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒฎแƒ•แƒ“แƒ˜, แƒ แƒฃแƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ; แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒœแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒขแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒช แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ— แƒแƒฏแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ•แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒ แƒแƒกแƒแƒช แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒแƒฏแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒฐแƒงแƒ•แƒ. แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ™แƒ”แƒ แƒซแƒแƒ“, แƒ™แƒแƒขแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ”แƒ—แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฉแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœ แƒฉแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ. แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒซแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒแƒฅ แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒก แƒคแƒ”แƒฎแƒ‘แƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒžแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒก. แƒ แƒ แƒ—แƒฅแƒ›แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ, แƒกแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒกแƒ แƒแƒ  แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒฏแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒซแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœ, แƒฏแƒฃแƒ แƒฆแƒ›แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜, แƒชแƒฃแƒ“ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒกแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒงแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒจแƒ” แƒ˜แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒœ. แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒ›แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒจแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒ—แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ. ROM-แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒฎแƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ•แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฐแƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ—, แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒคแƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒซแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœ, แƒ›แƒฃแƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒแƒœ แƒœแƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ  แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก. แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒแƒ› แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒฎแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ. แƒœแƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ“, แƒฎแƒ•แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒกแƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒชแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒงแƒฃแƒ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ—.

Gaetano Fisicaro AmaROMondo Telling a story about the ROM is a complex task, because the complex is the set of emotions that arise. Itโ€™s a long and intense story that begins with a narrative of persecution and migration, and later dedicated to the series of widespread discrimination that affected these populations. The idea of amaROMondo was born by chance, from a meeting with a community ROM that lives in a field on the outskirts of Catania. The idea of combining the two words โ€œbitterโ€ and โ€œworldโ€ stems from problems that these families have lived in their lives and in the course of their various movements in the โ€œworldโ€, and it is the union of the two words we get precisely in italian language the term ROM. The term โ€œROMโ€, chosen in 1971, at the First World Congress of ROM, refers to a variety of population groups. The long years of discrimination against them have given rise to the pejorative names, such as the term โ€œGypsyโ€ that has acquired a pejorative connotation particularly in Eastern Europe, but is still used to indicate the music ROM. Given the diversity among populations, it is difficult to speak of a single culture ROM. Among the common cultural traits can, however, cite the importance of the โ€œextendedโ€ family, the pride and the assertion of their diversity, independence in the exercise of a profession, the lack of local roots and the education given by the family. It is expected that there are about 160,000 different ethnic groups in ROM on the Italian territory. The community that I met were from Romania. Country who wanted to leave after the death of the โ€œbossโ€ family, because from there began a series of acts of intimidation towards their family. The arrival in Italy and in particular in Catania, after having spent some years in France and northern Italy, takes place a few years ago where they had to deal with the first difficulty is that of a shelter, found the edge of a soccer field outskirts of the city. Of course, the living conditions are not the best and the families are forced to live in slums, poor living conditions and without drinking water. Someone has also found a job and started a process of integration and schooling. The current situation of Rom, often used as scapegoats by the company today is worrying and combat prejudice is almost a mandatory choice. In my experience I have had the opportunity to know these people, unlike the bias, you are shown and humble people with a great desire to live a life that until now has taken away everything.



แƒ˜แƒœแƒ–แƒ แƒฐแƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒจแƒขแƒ”แƒคแƒแƒœ แƒคแƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒžแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒกแƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ–แƒœแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒฃแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ. แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ— แƒฌแƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ”แƒฅแƒก-แƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒฃแƒœแƒซแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒžแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒœแƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒฎแƒ“แƒ. แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒžแƒ”แƒš, แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒขแƒ แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒš แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ”แƒš แƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒแƒ  แƒแƒœแƒแƒฆแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—, แƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒแƒกแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’ โ€“ แƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒฉแƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ—แƒแƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒแƒœแƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ โ€žแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜โ€œ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ’แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒซแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒแƒกแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜แƒช แƒแƒ  แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒงแƒแƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒก แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒกแƒ™แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜. แƒแƒ—แƒแƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒก แƒ—แƒ”แƒ—แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ˜, แƒฌแƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒœ แƒฅแƒ”แƒ แƒ แƒ—แƒ›แƒ, แƒ—แƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒœ แƒชแƒ˜แƒกแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก. แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒžแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒขแƒ แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒแƒœแƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒก แƒฃแƒขแƒแƒšแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒจแƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ“, แƒฃแƒชแƒœแƒแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“ โ€žแƒฃแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“โ€œ แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒงแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ. แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ›แƒแƒšแƒ•แƒ” แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒ›แƒ”แƒซแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ“ โ€“ แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒซแƒ˜แƒšแƒ–แƒ” โ€“ แƒแƒ แƒแƒกแƒแƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒš แƒฃแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒฉแƒœแƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœ. Insa and Stefan Hagemann In the Philippines, the sex business is booming. Buoyed by cheap airline tickets, the island has become a popular destination for sex tourists. Here, travelers from Europe, Australia and the United States care little of what happens after they leave: thousands of children fathered by tourists grow up without them in a country in which for many the โ€œWestern lookโ€ is symbolized by the mother who is also a prostitute, no matter what she really does for living. There are thousands of children and adolescents with white skin, brown or blond hair and light-brown or blue eyes. They are the offspring of Europeans, Americans or Australians and in a country where there is almost zero immigration they are quite noticeable, strangely foreign, oddly different. Immediately, they are stigmatized as children of prostitutes and forever โ€“ for a lifetime for most of.



แƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ’ แƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒกแƒ˜ แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒฃแƒš แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒก แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ โ€“ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ I. แƒกแƒแƒขแƒแƒชแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ”แƒ–แƒแƒœแƒ˜, แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒš แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก, แƒ“แƒแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— 270 000 แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ แƒฉแƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ“. แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœ, แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ“ แƒžแƒแƒšแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒฃแƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜. แƒแƒ› แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒฎแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒจแƒ”, แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒฃแƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒซแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒš แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒš แƒฃแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ แƒฃแƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ— แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒแƒ  แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒฎแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ” แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ, แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ 10 แƒกแƒแƒแƒ—แƒก. แƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก 5 แƒกแƒแƒแƒ—แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ. แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก (2013) แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒจแƒ˜ 27-57 แƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒก แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ โ€“ แƒ”แƒก แƒกแƒแƒขแƒแƒชแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ–แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒ”แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜. แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒฌแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒกแƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒกแƒ˜แƒชแƒฎแƒ”แƒจแƒ˜. แƒ”แƒ แƒ—-แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ›แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ แƒ โ€“ แƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒแƒก แƒ—แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ–แƒ”. แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœ แƒคแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ› แƒแƒ แƒช แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒœแƒแƒฆแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ แƒช แƒฃแƒฅแƒ›แƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜. แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ–แƒแƒœแƒ–แƒ” 4000 แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒจแƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ› แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒช แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ‘แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ˜. แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒก แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒแƒœแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒก แƒคแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ–แƒ” แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒฆแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ”แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ›แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—แƒ แƒฏแƒ’แƒฃแƒคแƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ˜แƒ’แƒœแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒชแƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ, แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒ—-แƒ”แƒ แƒ— แƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒš แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒฃแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ“. แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒก, แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ  แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒก แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜, แƒแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“ แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ“แƒก, แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒ• แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ”แƒกแƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒช แƒ”แƒก แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒฎแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒก แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒ— โ€žแƒจแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒฃแƒš แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒก แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒโ€œ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒœแƒแƒ“ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒแƒ• แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒแƒœแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ”แƒ–แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒซแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒจแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก, แƒแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒก, แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ  แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ–แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜. แƒ”แƒก แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒจแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒ˜แƒฅ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒœ, แƒกแƒแƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒช แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒ แƒฃแƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ”แƒ แƒ— แƒกแƒ”แƒ–แƒแƒœแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ” แƒจแƒ˜แƒœ แƒ‘แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒจแƒ˜, แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒœแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒแƒœแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒก แƒกแƒแƒซแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ“. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ•แƒแƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ, แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ แƒฃแƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒ— แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒก แƒกแƒแƒžแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฃแƒชแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒแƒ› แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒฎแƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒจแƒ˜แƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒ” แƒแƒฏแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒซแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒจแƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒแƒ˜แƒซแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. Irving Villegas Working Far Away โ€“ Chapter I. Asparagus season, Germany. Every year, approximately 270 000 workers come to Germany to reap the harvest, they are all foreigners, most of them from Poland and Romania โ€“ without these people, it would be impossible to reap because most of unemployed German people who are looking for a job are not willing to do this work. They work every day, 10 hours a day starting at 5 oโ€™clock in the morning. This year (2013) they get 27-57 cents for each kilo of harvest, that depends on the size of the asparagus. They work whether it is raining or cold or hot. One of them said: โ€œWe come to work, we want to make money and thatโ€˜s why we do not care about the weather or free days. In the last season I have earned 4,000 euros and thatโ€˜s why Iโ€˜m here again this year. In our country, this money is more valuable than ours.โ€ This is a look into the lives of a group of harvesters in one of the many farms in Germany that bring foreigners for their annual harvest: it shows us not only how they work in different situations and under the toughest conditions but also their leisure time, their life together and the lifestyle that these people have during their work in Germany. My intention with the project โ€œWorking far awayโ€ is to document the circumstances of seasonal workers in different countries and not only their arduous work but also how they live during the working season.These are workers who go where the work calls them. Some of them go only for one season hand return to their country, others travel from city to city or country to country looking for more work, I want to show the things they must go through to obtain this type of job and to understand the necessity this people have to leave their country in order to obtain a better life for them and the family waiting for them at home.



แƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ’ แƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒกแƒ˜ แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒฃแƒš แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒก แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ โ€“ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ III. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ”แƒ–แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒกแƒžแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒœแƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒฐแƒแƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ— แƒกแƒแƒฐแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒก: โ€žแƒกแƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒœ แƒ”แƒกแƒžแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ 10 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒชแƒ แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœ, แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒ, แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ— แƒ–แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒกแƒฎแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜โ€œ. แƒแƒฅ, แƒฎแƒแƒ”แƒœแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒœ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ  แƒ˜แƒจแƒแƒ•แƒ. แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒคแƒแƒ แƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ•แƒก แƒฆแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒช แƒ”แƒก แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒกแƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ–แƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒš, แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœ, แƒแƒ•แƒขแƒแƒ‘แƒฃแƒกแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ”แƒกแƒžแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒก แƒกแƒแƒซแƒ”แƒ‘แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ“. 20 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒ”แƒกแƒžแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ–แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ  แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒก แƒ”แƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒ. แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœ, แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ–แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒกแƒฎแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ™แƒ แƒ”แƒคแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒกแƒžแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒซแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ  แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒ“แƒ. แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒชแƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒžแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒ, แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒฎแƒ›แƒ แƒœแƒ”แƒš-แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ, แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒช แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ•แƒแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒกแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒฆแƒแƒ  แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก. แƒฎแƒแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜, แƒ”แƒกแƒžแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ–แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜, แƒแƒ›แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ”แƒ–แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒ—-แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒกแƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ; แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒฌแƒแƒ—แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ–แƒแƒœแƒ–แƒ” แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒก แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. โ€žแƒ•แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ•แƒ  แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ— แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒœแƒขแƒก แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒšแƒฃแƒ™แƒ›แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒแƒชแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ—โ€œ, แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒแƒœแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜, แƒ”แƒกแƒžแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ”, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒช แƒกแƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒŸแƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒžแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒฐแƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ“, แƒ˜แƒซแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒฎแƒ“แƒ, แƒ–แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒกแƒฎแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ™แƒ แƒ”แƒคแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒฌแƒงแƒ แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ. แƒ“แƒ”แƒ›แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ˜, แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒžแƒแƒ แƒ™แƒจแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒจแƒšแƒ˜แƒš แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒแƒ™แƒจแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒก, แƒฎแƒแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒจแƒ˜ 20 แƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ. แƒ˜แƒก 8 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ”แƒกแƒžแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒจแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ–แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ  แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ”แƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒ. แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒฐแƒฃแƒ”แƒšแƒ•แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒฌแƒงแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ”แƒ–แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒžแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒแƒกแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒ”แƒก แƒฃแƒแƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒกแƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒ แƒฎแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ”แƒกแƒžแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒคแƒแƒ—แƒ แƒ’แƒ–แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒšแƒฃแƒ™แƒ›แƒแƒžแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒžแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒจแƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒš แƒแƒฏแƒแƒฎแƒกแƒแƒช แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒฃแƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒแƒœ แƒคแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜. Irving Villegas Working Far Away โ€“ Chapter III. Migrant Seasonal Workers in the Spanish Financial Crisis.

Ibraham from Western Sahara says: โ€œWhere were the Spaniards 10 years ago when we, the immigrants, alone made the harvesting of the olivesโ€ Here in Jaรฉn he didnโ€™t find a job. Today, he is sleeping in the shelter that the city offers to these workers, tomorrow early in the morning, heโ€™s going to take the bus to another city in Spain looking for work. For more than 20 years, he has been traveling and working throughout Spain as a seasonal worker. Years ago, immigrants worked in the olive harvesting because most of Spanish people did not want to take this arduous work. Now, after the crisis in Spain, people have begun to lose their jobs and the only option they have left is to work in the fields, leaving no vacancies for the immigrants. Jaรฉn, Andalusian city in Spain, is one of the stops for these seasonal immigrants, who crosses the country working in different agricultural seasons. โ€Iโ€˜m aware that weโ€™ve taken jobs form the hands of many of these immigrants,โ€œ โ€“ says Angel, a Spanish citizen who used to have a very good position in a construction company and was forced to work in the in olive harvesting after the crisis. Dembei, a young Senegalese who lives in an improvised campsite in a park, has worked for the following 20 days in a town near Jaรฉn. He has been living and working as seasonal worker in Spain for over 8 years. After this harvest, almost everybody will go to Huelva where the strawberry season will begin. This is the destiny of many immigrants when they arrive to Europe. After a long and dangerous journey to arrive to Spain they must find a way to make a living here and send money to their family in their home country.



แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒจแƒฃแƒ แƒ โ€“ แƒ’แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒœแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒœแƒจแƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒฃแƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒจแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฃแƒกแƒšแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒœ, แƒ˜แƒกแƒšแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒš แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒก โ€“ แƒ›แƒฃแƒฐแƒแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก. แƒ”แƒก แƒจแƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒ, แƒ’แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒแƒ™แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ. แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ”-10 แƒ“แƒฆแƒ” โ€“ แƒแƒจแƒฃแƒ แƒ. แƒจแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฃแƒกแƒšแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒกแƒแƒงแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜ แƒšแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ› แƒฐแƒฃแƒกแƒ”แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒขแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒœแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜แƒแƒ–แƒ”, แƒžแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒกแƒ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒแƒฃแƒคแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒšแƒ แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒก. แƒฐแƒฃแƒกแƒ”แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒแƒฏแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒงแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒฌแƒ”แƒกแƒ–แƒ” แƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ—แƒ”แƒš แƒ”แƒ แƒก แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜ แƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒก, แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒš แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒฎแƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒแƒจแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒแƒฆแƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒœ โ€“ แƒ’แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ–แƒ”แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ›แƒ—แƒ”แƒš แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒแƒœแƒแƒก แƒแƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒก แƒ’แƒ”แƒ–แƒก. แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒฎแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒก แƒงแƒแƒคแƒœแƒแƒก, แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒงแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ”แƒงแƒ แƒ“แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ. แƒแƒ› แƒžแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒŸแƒฃแƒ แƒœแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ—แƒฅแƒ•แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒ”แƒšแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒชแƒ”แƒ•แƒ. Jordi Perdigo Ashura. Mourning Days in Iran The first month in islamic calendar, Muharram, has a special meaning in Iran, where shiite muslims are majority. Itโ€™s the black month, the mourning days, the forbidden times. Being the highest point of it the 10th day of the month, the day of Ashura. The murder and mourning of the most beloved leader of shiites muslim, the Imam Hussein, is a strong tradition that is bigger than religion, politics or power in Iran. The love given to Hussein and his family breaks any forced rule by government and got together the whole nation. My project tries to discover what are the connections between iranian people using the Ashura days. A week of mournings and celebrations that define a whole country. My approach to do that is to be close to the people, share those moments with them and falling in love with a whole nation. From all the respect and with a journalistic work I can say that my project is becoming a long-term project.



แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฅแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒแƒšแƒ“แƒฃแƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒšแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ โ€“ แƒกแƒแƒแƒฆแƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒฃแƒ–แƒฆแƒฃแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ, แƒฌแƒ”แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ โ€“ แƒแƒ  แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒก, แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ”แƒ—แƒ แƒ แƒ˜แƒชแƒฎแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒกแƒแƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ โ€“ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒจแƒแƒ— แƒšแƒ”แƒšแƒ! แƒ”แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒญแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒจแƒฃแƒฎแƒฃแƒ—แƒจแƒ˜ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ–แƒ” แƒžแƒแƒžแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ. แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒš แƒแƒฆแƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒก, แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ— แƒ›แƒ˜แƒชแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒแƒ› แƒฃแƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ˜แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. แƒšแƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒกแƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒขแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒช, แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ, แƒ แƒฌแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ. Jordi Perdigo Lelo Burti. Easterโ€™s Game. No time limits, no rules, an indiscriminate number of playersโ€”letโ€™s play Lelo! The game is a no-holds-barred combination of wrestling and rugby that is very popular in Shukhuti, Georgia. Every Easter Sunday, the residents of this village remember their dead by playing this ancient game. Lelo is a sport, and a tradition, but most of all itโ€™s about passion, strength, faith and devotion.



แƒฅแƒจแƒ˜แƒจแƒขแƒแƒค แƒ แƒแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒขแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒฅแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒฉแƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ” แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ–แƒœแƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ” แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒขแƒ‘แƒแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ”แƒ— แƒžแƒแƒšแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ” แƒ“แƒฃแƒœแƒแƒ”แƒชแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒกแƒฌแƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒ• แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ. แƒ”แƒก แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒžแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒกแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ” แƒ˜แƒงแƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒžแƒแƒšแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒแƒช แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ— แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ™แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฐแƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ—, แƒแƒœ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒแƒช 1989 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒฎแƒกแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก, แƒฃแƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒšแƒแƒ“, แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒกแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒ  แƒ’แƒแƒแƒฉแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ—. แƒแƒฅแƒ แƒแƒก 70-แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ 80-แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒชแƒ แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒš แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒก แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฐแƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒฉแƒแƒœแƒก, แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒก แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒขแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ แƒจแƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒฃแƒš แƒžแƒ แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒกแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ›แƒ แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ› แƒ แƒ”แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒฎแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒงแƒ, แƒแƒฅแƒแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒชแƒ—แƒฃ แƒแƒžแƒขแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฉแƒแƒœแƒก. Krzysztof Racon Disappearing lakes Czchowskie and Roznowskie are two artificial lakes created along the river Dunajec in southern Poland. For decades served as a popular vacation spot for millions of Poles that were not allowed to travel abroad or who after opening the boarders in 1989 simply could not afford to so. Golden 70s and 80s, when many had their summer house by the shore, seem to be gone now once the lakes undergo a erosive process of natural silting. Yet many people have their lives tied to the place. Despite the fact that local authorities have invested heavily in its regeneration, the perspectives for the place arenโ€™t too optimistic.



แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒšแƒ˜. แƒฃแƒฎแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜

2012 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก, แƒ›แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒฉแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ”แƒ—แƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ› แƒ˜แƒคแƒ”แƒ—แƒฅแƒ, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒขแƒฃแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒฌแƒ˜แƒคแƒ, แƒแƒ–แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ˜, แƒ“แƒแƒแƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒแƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒœแƒแƒ“, แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฃแƒฅแƒ˜ แƒแƒ  แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒช แƒ›แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก. แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒจแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒฌแƒ˜แƒคแƒแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ“แƒ˜แƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ— แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒขแƒ˜แƒžแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒฎแƒ˜แƒšแƒ, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒกแƒ”แƒžแƒแƒ แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒฏแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒ–แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒจแƒ”แƒฃแƒขแƒ˜แƒ”แƒก. แƒ›แƒแƒšแƒ˜, แƒแƒ› แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒกแƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒ—, แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒ”แƒชแƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒช, แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒฅแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒจแƒฃแƒฅแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒฎแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒฎแƒ“แƒ, แƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒช แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ แƒ”แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒ  แƒจแƒ”แƒฃแƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒก. แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒ”, แƒคแƒแƒฅแƒขแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒ“, แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒฌแƒ•แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ. แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒชแƒ, แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒ›แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒฎแƒ“แƒ˜.

Valery Melnikov Mali. The Invisible War In 2012, a rebellion broke out in the north of Mali, where the Tuaregs established and proclaimed the independence of their own state, Azawad, to protest against alleged racial discrimination, as the color of their skin is not as dark as that of the Malian majority. The world saw a new type of conflict emerge between state and non-state actors in Mali, where separatists attacked government troops from a neighboring state. Mali is a case in point in this respect. Furthermore, although live coverage of conflicts has long become common practice, not a single reporter was allowed into the combat zone. From the very start, the conflict area was to be virtually inaccessible. I was able to visit several parts of the country and witnessed the aftermath of the conflict first-hand.



แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒ“แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒœแƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒฏแƒฃแƒœแƒ’แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ โ€žแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒชแƒแƒ“แƒ”, แƒฃแƒ›แƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฃแƒ“แƒแƒœแƒแƒจแƒแƒฃแƒšแƒ, แƒฃแƒขแƒงแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ‘แƒ แƒ. แƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒชแƒแƒ“แƒ”, แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒขแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒซแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒ›แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒญแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒโ€œ (แƒฅแƒแƒ›แƒแƒš แƒฏแƒฃแƒœแƒ’ แƒ™แƒฃแƒœแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒ’แƒœแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ โ€œแƒแƒ—แƒฎแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒแƒ แƒฅแƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒกโ€œ). โ€žแƒฏแƒฃแƒœแƒ’แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜โ€œ แƒœแƒ”แƒžแƒแƒšแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ—แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒแƒ แƒฅแƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒžแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒก แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ•แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ›แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ” แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒ. 2003-แƒ“แƒแƒœ 2007 แƒฌแƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒœแƒ”แƒžแƒแƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒฏแƒ’แƒฃแƒคแƒ˜, แƒฉแƒ˜แƒขแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒชแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒก, แƒฅแƒแƒ›แƒแƒš แƒฏแƒฃแƒœแƒ’ แƒ™แƒฃแƒœแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒ—แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’. แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒฏแƒฃแƒœแƒ’แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜, แƒกแƒฃแƒš แƒชแƒแƒขแƒ, แƒแƒ—แƒแƒกแƒ˜ แƒœแƒ”แƒžแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฏแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒแƒชแƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒขแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ 40-แƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ’แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜. แƒแƒกแƒแƒ›แƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒแƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ โ€œWild Trust of Indiaโ€-แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒฉแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒฆแƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ“, แƒ˜แƒฅ 2500 แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒแƒ แƒฅแƒ แƒ“แƒ 5500 แƒกแƒžแƒ˜แƒšแƒ แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒ”แƒ แƒ—-แƒ”แƒ แƒ— แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒก แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ•แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒก แƒ™แƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒแƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒฃแƒš แƒžแƒแƒ แƒ™แƒจแƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒ’แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ” แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒกแƒœแƒ˜แƒ—แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜. แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒแƒ แƒฅแƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒžแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ‘แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ• แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ” 4 แƒแƒœ 5 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒซแƒ˜แƒšแƒ–แƒ” แƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒœ. แƒแƒ› แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒก แƒฎแƒกแƒœแƒ แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ, แƒžแƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒšแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒแƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒšแƒแƒœแƒขแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ, แƒ™แƒšแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒ’แƒแƒฉแƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒญแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. Serena De Sanctis Jungle tears โ€œI have tried to speak for the innocent and helpless animals that cannot speak for themselves. I have tried to give a voice to their painful cries. (From โ€œFour years for the Rhinoโ€ a book by Kamal Jung Kunwar.) โ€œJungle tearsโ€ is an ongoing project about the conservation and rehabilitation of the greater one-horned rhino and the Asian elephants in Nepal and India. In Nepal, from 2003 to 2007 the army and the Anti-poaching operation Team with Kamal Jung Kunwar, todayโ€™s Chitwan National Park chief warden, as the head of this operation, fought successfully against the poachers. Today, at least a thousand Nepalese soldiers are patrolling the jungle and there are more than 40 posts. In Assam, India according to the census of the NGO Wild Trust of India there are 2.500 rhinos and 5.500 elephants. One of their projects is the Centre for Wildlife Rehabilitation and Conservation (CWRC) in Kaziranga National Park where a team rescue and rehabilitate big and small animals. Rhinos and elephants are feeding during 4 or 5 years, before being returned to their natural environment. Some of this big animals are rescued because of the poaching, pesticides from tea plantation, climate change or human conflict.



แƒžแƒแƒแƒšแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒกแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ—แƒ”แƒš แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒœแƒกแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ” แƒแƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒฃแƒ  แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒก. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ, แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒœแƒแƒ™แƒแƒ แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฆแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ›แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฉแƒฅแƒ›แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒžแƒšแƒจแƒ”แƒฌแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ. แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒกแƒขแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ แƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ› แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ–แƒœแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒจแƒขแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒฃแƒ—แƒฎแƒ แƒแƒ‘, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ•แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒ›แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒก แƒแƒฆแƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒก. แƒแƒ› แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒจแƒขแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ’แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฏแƒ˜แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒฉแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒšแƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒฃแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒฃแƒš แƒกแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒแƒ แƒก แƒ”แƒฌแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒ”แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒฌแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ‘แƒฃแƒ›แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒขแƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒขแƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒชแƒ›แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒžแƒšแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ”แƒ แƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒœแƒกแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒฆแƒ•แƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒ”, แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’ แƒžแƒแƒšแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ”, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒฌแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒ•แƒ”. โ€žแƒแƒ›แƒแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒกแƒ˜โ€œ แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก, แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒฎแƒ”แƒชแƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒžแƒ แƒ”แƒชแƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒฃแƒ—แƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒช แƒแƒ—แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ แƒกแƒฉแƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒœ โ€“ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒแƒ‘แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒแƒ แƒก แƒ”แƒฌแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ. Paolo Marchetti The Price Of Vanity Iโ€™m documenting the activity into the intensive breeding farms all around the world with the goal to tell the sacrifice hidden behind the ruthless values expressed by the high fashion. I reported its cultural trend dominated by remorseless standards of beauty and its business volume that ammounts of several millions of euros per year. In this broad scenario, there is a long list of animal species involved, whose existence is destined for the industrial sector of the high fashion and all of these species are condemned to intensive farming for the production of clothes with furs, feathers or leather. At date, I worked in Colombia, where I told the intensive breeding of the crocodiles and later I travelled in Poland, working inside a minks intensive farm. โ€œThe Price of Vanityโ€, is an unprecedented document on a terrifying phenomenon, a monstrosity in accordance with law that is perpetrating from decades, the extermination of milions of animals destined for an absurd market.



แƒžแƒแƒแƒšแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜ แƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘-แƒชแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒช แƒ•แƒฃแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ˜แƒ› แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ  แƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ’แƒก แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช, แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ“, แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒก แƒจแƒ˜แƒจแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒฅแƒขแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒš แƒแƒฎแƒแƒš แƒžแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒก แƒ”แƒคแƒฃแƒซแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒแƒช แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒšแƒก แƒแƒฆแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ  แƒคแƒแƒฅแƒขแƒแƒ แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒ”แƒชแƒฎแƒšแƒ–แƒ” แƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ—แƒก แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒแƒ›แƒก, แƒฃแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ” แƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒก แƒฉแƒ˜แƒฎแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒฅแƒชแƒ”แƒ•แƒก. แƒแƒ› แƒคแƒแƒฅแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒ› แƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒกแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ”แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒฅแƒแƒ“แƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก โ€žแƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ โ€“ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒกโ€œ. แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒฅแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒแƒ›แƒฌแƒ•แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒฎแƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ“แƒแƒ แƒ˜ โ€žแƒฎแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒแƒจแƒฃแƒ แƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒชแƒ˜แƒโ€œ, แƒ”.แƒฌ. โ€žแƒแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒแƒคแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒโ€œ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒแƒช แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒ—แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“ แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ˜แƒจแƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒแƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒชแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒแƒฆแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ. แƒ’แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒžแƒแƒฅแƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒแƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒ—แƒแƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ—แƒ”แƒš แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒžแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒงแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒก: โ€žแƒ›แƒ” แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘!โ€œ. โ€žแƒ›แƒ” แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘ แƒ“แƒ แƒ—แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒžแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒฃแƒฅแƒขแƒ˜ แƒแƒ  แƒ•แƒแƒ . แƒ›แƒ” แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘, แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ›, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก, แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜แƒแƒก, แƒ แƒแƒกแƒแƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ”แƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜โ€œ. Paolo Marchetti Fever The times in which we are moving towards, are the ideal breeding ground for dynamics, basically based on fear and the new policies imposed by dictatorial banking systems feeds the fire of rage. The main factor that blows oxygen to the flame of anger in our society, is undoubtedly represented by the ongoing crisis, forcing the individual into a corner. These factors have created the conditions for a closure between people and the opening of philosophies based on โ€œevery man for himself.โ€ An additional factor that is fueling the closure between people is represented by the recent revolution Mediterranean, the so-called โ€œArab springโ€, that has amplified the seed of fear and racial intolerance among people in much of Europe. In the era of globalization, tens of thousands of people all over Europe, screaming to the world โ€œI exist.โ€ โ€œI exist and I am not a product of your company. I exist because I live my identity, unique and essential and I belong to a people, a religion, a race.โ€



แƒžแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒš แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ แƒ™แƒšแƒฃแƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ แƒ™แƒšแƒฃแƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒฌแƒงแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒกแƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒกแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒกแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒช แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ แƒฃแƒขแƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒ. แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ แƒ™แƒšแƒฃแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ”แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒจแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒ–แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒขแƒงแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒแƒœ แƒกแƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒงแƒแƒก. แƒฌแƒ”แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒ  แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒก, แƒแƒ แƒช แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒแƒ“แƒ˜. แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒฃแƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ™แƒšแƒฃแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒฎแƒ“แƒ”แƒก. แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒ แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ› แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒฉแƒฎแƒฃแƒ‘แƒแƒก. แƒแƒกแƒ” แƒ แƒแƒ›, แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒฃแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ™แƒšแƒฃแƒ‘แƒก! Pavel Volkov Fighting Club Fighting Club is an entertainment for aggressive youth, beginning sportsmen or for those who is simply tired of everyday routine. Play fields, courtyards, forests, outskirts of the city or sport gyms may be a meeting point for the members of a fighting club. There are no rules, no payment, everyone can become a member of a fighting club, every newbie should fight. So, welcome to the club!



แƒžแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒš แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒฃแƒœแƒซแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ โ€žแƒแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ˜โ€œ, แƒแƒœแƒฃ โ€žแƒ™แƒฃแƒœแƒซแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜โ€œ แƒคแƒกแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ”แƒ’แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒฌแƒ•แƒ แƒ—แƒœแƒ”แƒš แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒแƒก แƒ”แƒฌแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒแƒฅแƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒซแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ˜ แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒ, 18-20 แƒฌแƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒญแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒจแƒ”แƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ โ€“ แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒฌแƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒฏแƒแƒ แƒจแƒ˜ แƒกแƒฃแƒš แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒฎแƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒ˜แƒฌแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ”แƒก, แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒฃแƒ™แƒ•แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒแƒกแƒขแƒแƒขแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ”แƒฃแƒคแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ, แƒ˜แƒซแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒœ แƒคแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ  แƒฃแƒœแƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒแƒฆแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ  แƒฌแƒ•แƒ แƒ—แƒœแƒแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒœ. แƒ™แƒฃแƒœแƒซแƒฃแƒšแƒ–แƒ” แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒช แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒญแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ” แƒ”แƒฌแƒ”แƒแƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ. แƒแƒฅ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒ”แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ โ€“ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก 6-แƒ–แƒ” แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ, แƒกแƒ แƒแƒšแƒ, แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒฏแƒ˜แƒจแƒ˜, แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒฆแƒ”แƒ แƒ, แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒฅแƒจแƒแƒžแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒฃแƒ–แƒ”แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒญแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒแƒฅ แƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒœแƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒ— แƒกแƒแƒ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒคแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ  แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒ—, แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ› แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒ˜แƒœแƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒชแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒš แƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ  แƒจแƒ”แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒฏแƒ”แƒ  แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒงแƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒแƒœแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒแƒกแƒขแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ. แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฏแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒแƒชแƒ˜ แƒงแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒก แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ— แƒฃแƒ™แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒ  แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒแƒšแƒ” แƒคแƒ แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒแƒ–แƒ–แƒ” แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒœแƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ. แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฉแƒœแƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ แƒฆแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒก, แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒแƒ›แƒแƒก แƒแƒ  แƒแƒฆแƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. Pavel Volkov The Island Ostrov or โ€œThe Islandโ€ in English is a training military part of the rocket wax in the Pskov region. The main contingent there represents young boys not older than 18-20 โ€“ newbies, who recently joined the army, but now they are already attaining military prowess, acquiring physical skills with weapons and ideological training. Life on the Island differs greatly from the usual life, which the guys used to lead before. There are some special rules there: waking up at six in the morning, shooting, drill, songs, workshops, visiting military museums. The guys canโ€™t use the Internet there so they get all the information about the world events only from special meetings with the officers. They take place twice a week. Most guys say they they willingly joined the army, because of the unstable situation in the country. All the young soldiers closely watch the course of events in the East of Ukraine. Young men do not exclude that in a short time they can be on the front line. It is noticeable that many of them are worried because of this, but they never show it.



แƒกแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒฐแƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒฏแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ แƒ™แƒ˜ (แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ) แƒแƒ—แƒฎแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒฏแƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒฏแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฆแƒšแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ, 6000 แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ—แƒแƒฏแƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ. แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒช แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒก แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒฐแƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒก, แƒ—แƒแƒฏแƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒกแƒ”แƒฅแƒก-แƒกแƒแƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ. แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒฎแƒ“แƒ. แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ แƒ™แƒก แƒฏแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ— แƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒฉแƒแƒ›แƒแƒฃแƒงแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒฏแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒกแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒšแƒแƒžแƒแƒ แƒแƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฆแƒฅแƒ›แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒฃแƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ“แƒœแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ. แƒ—แƒแƒฏแƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒชแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒชแƒ“แƒแƒก แƒฃแƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒก. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒจแƒ” แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ  แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒก, แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ— แƒแƒ แƒแƒกแƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒœ. แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒ• แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒกแƒแƒ˜แƒ“แƒฃแƒ›แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒก. Sandra Hoyn Jenny`s Soul Dirk (name changed) has been living together with his silicone doll Jenny for four years now in Germany. After suffering a burnout and because he was lonely, he bought the doll for 6000 Euro. Because she looks so real, the doll is not just a sex toy, she has become a partner to him. Dirk has forged a strong emotional relationship with Jenny. He is able to hear Jenny, talk to her and perceive her soul. Dirk is happy. His doll gives him a sense of closeness and security. He would not want to live without her. Their everyday life takes place in the apartment, never outside. Dirk keeps their life together secret.



แƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒฃแƒžแƒ”แƒ -แƒžแƒ แƒ! แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒฐแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฅแƒแƒก แƒ“แƒแƒฃแƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒฆแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒงแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ›แƒญแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒญแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒแƒกแƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒฌแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒแƒชแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒคแƒแƒฅแƒขแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒ“, แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒ™แƒฃแƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒชแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒแƒฉแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒก, แƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒฃแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ“ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒแƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒก. แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ, แƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒฌแƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”, แƒขแƒ”แƒฅแƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒงแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ โ€“ แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ แƒ”แƒžแƒฃแƒขแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒฉแƒแƒ›แƒแƒฃแƒงแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ“แƒแƒ—. แƒฐแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ”แƒฎแƒแƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒ—แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ–แƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒจ, แƒ”แƒก แƒ แƒ”แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒแƒŸแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒฎแƒ›แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒก โ€“ แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒฃแƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฌแƒ•แƒ แƒ—แƒœแƒ”แƒš แƒกแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒš แƒจแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒญแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ–แƒ”, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒกแƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒšแƒฃแƒ™แƒ›แƒแƒžแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒแƒชแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ“ แƒแƒฅ, แƒ’แƒแƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒœแƒคแƒ แƒแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒฃแƒฅแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒฅแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ โ€“ แƒ˜แƒฅ, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒชแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜. แƒ’แƒแƒฎแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ— แƒกแƒฃแƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒšแƒ˜! Thomas Schell SuperPro! Although the residents of Havana City seem to be in an unending state of poverty, there is no shortage of intimate community support. Dreams are pretty much all you can have in Cuba and boxing allows Cubaโ€™s youth to do just that. Elegance, speed, technical perfection โ€“ the Boxer of the country have thus developed an excellent reputation. Under the high sun above the rooftops of Havana Vieja this reportage covers the silent moments of boxing โ€“ the inner suffer between the hard training sessions of young Cubans โ€“ following there dream to make a living with there sport. Itโ€™s in these neglected infrastructures where passion emerges, where skills are forged and where dreams are born. Become a SuperPro!



แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒฆแƒแƒ–แƒ 2014 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒฆแƒแƒ–แƒแƒก แƒแƒ›แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒกแƒ™แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒžแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒฏแƒ’แƒฃแƒคแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก, แƒฐแƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒฉแƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒฅแƒขแƒ—แƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒแƒช แƒฆแƒแƒ–แƒแƒก แƒกแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ—แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒขแƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒฃแƒฎแƒ—แƒฃแƒฎแƒ” แƒ“แƒแƒซแƒแƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ› แƒ˜แƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒคแƒ”แƒ—แƒฅแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒชแƒ แƒฐแƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ›แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ แƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒขแƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒชแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒฃแƒฎแƒกแƒœแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ แƒ, แƒ›แƒญแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ แƒฎแƒแƒ–แƒ–แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒฐแƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒฎแƒแƒ แƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ, แƒ‘แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒกแƒ แƒแƒšแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒแƒแƒ“, แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ—แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ. แƒฆแƒแƒ–แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒžแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ–แƒฆแƒฃแƒ“แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก, แƒ‘แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก, แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒก แƒ“แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒงแƒ. แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒœแƒ” แƒฐแƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒœ, แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒก, แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ  แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜แƒช แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ, แƒ”แƒก แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ‘แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฆแƒแƒ–แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒกแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒแƒช แƒฎแƒ•แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ. แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒขแƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ  แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒฏแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒžแƒšแƒแƒŸแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ” แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒญแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒแƒชแƒ. แƒ‘แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒกแƒแƒชแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒกแƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ”แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒ. แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒฎแƒ˜ โ€žแƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒกโ€œ แƒกแƒ™แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒ”แƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒก, แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ˜แƒฅ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒก แƒแƒ  แƒงแƒแƒคแƒœแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒฏแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒ—แƒฃแƒ แƒ— แƒ˜แƒฅ แƒ•แƒแƒ˜-แƒ•แƒแƒ’แƒšแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ แƒฎแƒ, แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒšแƒแƒšแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ“แƒ–แƒ” แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒœแƒ”แƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ  แƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ, แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒคแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒกแƒแƒ“ แƒฌแƒแƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒงแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒœ. แƒฐแƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ˜แƒกแƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒจแƒ แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒœแƒ”แƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒชแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ–แƒฃแƒ แƒ’แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฅแƒชแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒแƒแƒ›แƒ–แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒก. แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฐแƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒแƒฆแƒญแƒฃแƒ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ›แƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒแƒ“แƒ. แƒจแƒฃแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒœแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒ”แƒšแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒฅแƒขแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ™แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒช แƒ’แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฆแƒแƒ–แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒชแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜. แƒแƒ›แƒ˜ แƒฆแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฃแƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ• แƒแƒ•แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒœแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ. แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒก 2000-แƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒฆแƒฃแƒžแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜, แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ โ€“ แƒฆแƒแƒ–แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก โ€“ 500 แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜. แƒ แƒ”แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒฃแƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒช แƒแƒ—แƒแƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ–แƒแƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒจแƒ”แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜. Sergey Ponomarev Gaza: The Gaza war in the summer of 2014 was the latest in a series of conflicts between Israel and the Palestinian militant group Hamas that have devastated the Gaza Strip. Simmering tensions erupted in July, with Hamas firing barrages of rockets toward Israeli cities and towns and Israel hitting the narrow, densely populated coastal strip with air strikes, shelling and eventually a ground invasion. Inside Gaza, where most of the population is effectively trapped by Israeli and Egyptian travel restrictions, bombs could fall seemingly anywhere, any time. Israel said it was targeting Hamas operatives, but since many of them live among the population and Israel targeted them even in their homes, that sometimes meant bombs or missiles striking apartment towers in Gaza City. There were other strikes that killed families in their homes or boys playing on a beach. There were no bomb shelters for the civilian population to flee to. People fled to United Nations schools that were turned into makeshift shelters, but there was not enough space for everyone, and some people squeezed in with family members or stayed put, simply unsure where to go for safety. Hamas fighters stayed mainly underground in tunnels they had built to protect themselves and to infiltrate Israel. Israel fought from the air with drones and warplanes. In between were the people of Gaza, already long impoverished by the near-blockade of goods into Gaza. The war turned into a grim routine of overnight bombings and afternoon funerals. By the end, well over 2000 people were dead, the vast majority of them Gazans, including more than 500 children. Reconstruction so far has been extremely slow, leaving thousands without proper shelter into the winter.



แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒšแƒแƒšแƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ โ€žแƒšแƒแƒšแƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒกโ€œ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ™แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒขแƒ แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒš แƒขแƒงแƒ”แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒ แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒžแƒฃแƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒก, แƒ™แƒ˜แƒœแƒจแƒแƒกแƒแƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ™แƒšแƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒœ แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒ› แƒ“แƒแƒแƒแƒ แƒกแƒ 1993 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก, แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒšแƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ˜แƒœแƒ. แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒšแƒแƒšแƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒก โ€žแƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒฎแƒ”แƒกโ€œ, 30 แƒฐแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ–แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒ, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ โ€“ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒ›แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒแƒชแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜. แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก, แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ‘แƒแƒ›แƒแƒก แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ”, แƒœแƒแƒ™แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒจแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒ แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ˜แƒฎแƒกแƒœแƒ”แƒก. แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒœแƒกแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒแƒ›แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒซแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. Manuela Dรถrr Lola Ya Bonobo The wildlife sanctuary Lola Ya Bonobo is situated between rainforest and the capital of the Democratic Republic of the Congo called Kinshasa. In 1993, Claudine Andrรฉ founded the organisation after having saved the life of a first bonobochild. Today Lola Ya Bonobo, which means โ€œparadise of bonobosโ€, is an oasis of 30 hectare to protect bonobos, a sort anthropoid apes. My serie shows the life of the bonobo orphan called Boma, which was saved from poachers by employees of the sanctuary some weeks ago. In the pictures the new foster mother Esperance encourages Boma to forget its cruel past.



แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒคแƒแƒœแƒ แƒกแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒขแƒ แƒจแƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ”แƒ— แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒคแƒแƒฏแƒแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ“, แƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒ. แƒ˜แƒฅ แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ”แƒขแƒแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒชแƒ โ€“ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—. แƒกแƒ”แƒ–แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ  แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒก โ€“ แƒฎแƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒคแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ แƒ›แƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ” แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก โ€“ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒแƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ—แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒช แƒแƒ‘แƒกแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒแƒฃแƒคแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒขแƒก, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœ โ€“ แƒแƒ แƒ. แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒฃแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒœแƒ แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœ. แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒžแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒซแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒญแƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒœแƒฏแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ›แƒฃแƒงแƒแƒแƒก แƒ™แƒ”แƒ“แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒแƒขแƒแƒ™แƒ˜. แƒซแƒ˜แƒ แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒšแƒ”แƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜. แƒแƒ แƒช แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ, แƒแƒ แƒช แƒฌแƒงแƒแƒšแƒ˜, แƒแƒ แƒช แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ›แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ แƒช แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒแƒ“ แƒฌแƒงแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒกแƒ แƒจแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒฉแƒแƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฅแƒ•แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒแƒ—แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ–แƒแƒคแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ”แƒขแƒ แƒ›แƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ“ แƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒกแƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ” แƒ“แƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒฏแƒ”แƒ  1200 แƒ™แƒแƒชแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒแƒœ แƒžแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒฎแƒกแƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒœ, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒญแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ˜แƒแƒคแƒแƒ“ แƒงแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒœ; แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ•แƒ”, แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒš แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒช แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒœ. แƒ’แƒ”แƒขแƒแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ˜แƒงแƒแƒคแƒ โ€“ แƒกแƒžแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒก แƒซแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ‘แƒฃแƒ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒคแƒแƒกแƒ, แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒ™แƒ แƒ˜, แƒกแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒšแƒ˜, แƒœแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ, แƒ›แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜. แƒแƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒžแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ, แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒก แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒแƒœแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. แƒฉแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ”แƒ—แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒœแƒจแƒ˜, แƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ‘แƒ แƒ”แƒจแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒ แƒฎแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ”แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ. แƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ, แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒ”แƒœ แƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ. แƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒก โ€žแƒจแƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒšแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜โ€œ แƒแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ โ€“ แƒแƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒฎแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒžแƒแƒขแƒ แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. แƒฏแƒ’แƒฃแƒคแƒก แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. แƒ”แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ, แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ’แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ. แƒฎแƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒกแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒแƒœแƒฅแƒ แƒžแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒ˜ 5 แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ แƒฆแƒ˜แƒ แƒก. 1,50 แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ โ€žแƒšแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒโ€œ, แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ โ€“ แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ˜แƒก. แƒงแƒฃแƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒกแƒแƒแƒ—แƒก แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒงแƒฃแƒ—แƒ˜ 35 แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒก แƒฃแƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒก โ€“ แƒ”แƒก แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒ แƒกแƒแƒแƒ—แƒ˜แƒ. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒกแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒกแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ“ โ€žแƒจแƒแƒ• แƒšแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒกโ€œ 5 แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ. แƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒแƒก แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒก 20 แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒ—แƒฃ แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜. โ€žแƒจแƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒšแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜โ€œ แƒแƒ—แƒฏแƒ”แƒ  แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒก แƒจแƒแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. Stefano Schirato Black Tomato

At Rignano Garganico, near Foggia, south of Italy, in an isolated area, there is a ghetto that has become a village, with its restaurants, its bars. Seasonal workers, often immigrants without a residency permit, are recruited by African foremen who have absolute power and decide who works and who does not. They are the irregulars of the tomato industry. Rotten beams and old windows nailed between them held in the houses: cardboard walls and dirt floor, inside the old mattresses thrown to the ground and some blankets worn. There is no electricity or water, sewage system, or services. To wash you have to fill the tanks and heat the water in the pots. In summer the Ghetto is full of immigrants from all over Italy in search of work and the slums comes to accommodate over 1200 people. They open restaurants and bars of luck, small shops where you can buy items of basic necessities at low prices and shops to repair vehicles that serve to lead the workers to the fields. The Ghetto is divided by areas of origin: Ivory Coast, Burkina Faso, Guinea Conakry, Senegal, Nigeria, Mali and Benin. The African laborers who work in Puglia live in our country for years. In the North. They worked in Milan, Turin, Brescia, in factories and on construction sites. Then the crisis took away their jobs and they have gone to the South. The system is controlled by the โ€œblack leadersโ€: Africans who are in Italy for a long time and know very well the owners of the fields. They recruit the team. It is with them that you have to talk if you want to work in the fields. A case of tomato of 500 pounds worth 5 euro, 1,50 euro is for leaders blacks, the rest is for the worker. To fill a case it takes an hour. Ten cases are 35 euro, 10 hours of work. To get to and from the fields the black leader wants 5 euro and at the end of the day the employee has earned just over 20 euro. The leaders blacks earn ten times as much.



แƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒจ แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒ˜แƒฅแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒขแƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒฃแƒงแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘ แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ™แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒก โ€žแƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒšแƒ˜โ€œ แƒ’แƒแƒฎแƒกแƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒ”แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ, แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฅแƒฃแƒฉแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒฎแƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ. 2015 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒฅ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ”. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒฅ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜ แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒฎแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒšแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ˜. แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ  แƒ˜แƒชแƒ•แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒฆแƒ˜แƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ แƒแƒก แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘ แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ˜แƒญแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜. แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ›แƒแƒช แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒฌแƒงแƒ•แƒ˜แƒขแƒ”, แƒขแƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒฅแƒฃแƒฉแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜. แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ“ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒก, แƒจแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒฃแƒ˜แƒแƒก, แƒจแƒ˜แƒœแƒฏแƒฃแƒ™แƒฃแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒแƒžแƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒ แƒ” แƒคแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒกแƒ˜. Tomasz Lazar Tokyo Reflections When you look at it, it reminds you of โ€œBlade Runnerโ€ by Ridley Scott. All the buildings, lights and number of people on the streets. In Ferbuary 2015, I took my first trip there. I was enchanted by it and people I met there. How they dress and how important is honor, what you say and how you behave is in this culture. Thats why I decided to do a work about daily life and lifestyle in the street of Tokyo. Mainly, I focused on Omotesando, Shibuya, Shinjuku and Roppongi districts.



แƒŸแƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒจแƒ”แƒš แƒ•แƒแƒŸแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒฃแƒฉแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒฏแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ˜แƒ แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ™แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒœแƒฏแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ›แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ  แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ— แƒ—แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒ•แƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒ แƒ”แƒจแƒ” Jean Michel Voge In the street Family walking Mannequin Behind the window canโ€™t show hair without a vail



แƒŸแƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒจแƒ”แƒš แƒ•แƒแƒŸแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒฃแƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜, แƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ—แƒ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒกแƒžแƒแƒฐแƒแƒœแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒงแƒ—แƒแƒœ 1990-1992 แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒแƒฆแƒฃแƒžแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฏแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒกแƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ“ แƒกแƒแƒšแƒแƒชแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœ แƒกแƒ™แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒกแƒžแƒแƒฐแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ แƒจแƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ‘แƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒก แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒแƒชแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒ–แƒ” แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒก แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒขแƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒ, แƒ—แƒ”แƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒกแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒญแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒ—แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ— Jean Michel Voge The unfinished city of the martyrs in Ispahan in honor of the soldiors during the war with irak in 1990-92 In front of the place of prior Young school girls playing voley ball in center Ispahan place Military men Reading news on wall Specific suits for university End of the day exit of the teheran bazard In the tube in teheran Young iran boy with specific looking



แƒฏแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ™แƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒแƒช แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒฌแƒแƒ“แƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ. แƒ›แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒฃแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒแƒ—แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒžแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ• 1991 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก 26 แƒ˜แƒ•แƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒฉแƒแƒฆแƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒฅแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ• แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฐแƒงแƒ•แƒ. 2008 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก 17 แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒก แƒ™แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ› แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ. 2012 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ”แƒ›แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒฏแƒ’แƒฃแƒคแƒ›แƒ (ISG) แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ–แƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒฃแƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒแƒก แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒžแƒฃแƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ แƒ›แƒ—แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒฎแƒ“แƒ. แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒฌแƒ˜แƒคแƒแƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒก แƒแƒ  แƒ”แƒ›แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ. แƒกแƒ˜แƒฆแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ-แƒ”แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ โ€“ แƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜; แƒฃแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก 40%-แƒก แƒแƒฆแƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒก, แƒ˜แƒœแƒคแƒ แƒแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒฃแƒฅแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ แƒแƒœ แƒœแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒฃแƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒแƒœ แƒกแƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒ  แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒก แƒ”แƒ—แƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒฏแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒก. แƒซแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ› แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒซแƒฃแƒšแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ›แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ— แƒžแƒ˜แƒ™แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒฆแƒฌแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ•แƒœแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒฃแƒ™แƒ•แƒ” แƒจแƒ”แƒฃแƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. Giovanni Cocco More than twenty years have passed since the beginning of the Balkan wars. After five decades of peace, a war broke out again in Europe on 26 June 1991, triggering another ten years of armed conflicts. On 17 February 2008 Kosovo self-proclaimed its independence from Serbia. In September 2012, the International Steering Group for Kosovo (ISG) accepted to end its supervision and the Republic of Kosovo became fully independent. The born of a new state does not coincide with the beginning of a time of peace. Poverty rates are very high and socio-economic conditions are critical: the unemployment rate almost reaches 40%, infrastructures are either decaying or completely absent, while ethnic clashes are on the rise. Violence and hatred have reached such a peak that a peaceful cohabitation will be impossible for future generations.



แƒฐแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒก แƒ˜แƒฃแƒœแƒ’แƒ˜ แƒชแƒ แƒฃ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒจแƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒ โ€žแƒฃแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ™แƒแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒขแƒแƒœแƒฏแƒ•แƒแƒโ€œ แƒคแƒ˜แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ  แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ•แƒกแƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒšแƒฃแƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ’แƒกแƒฐแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ, แƒ”แƒ›แƒกแƒ“แƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒœแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒœแƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ แƒคแƒจแƒ˜ (แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ) แƒ’แƒแƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ. แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒจแƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒจแƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก, แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒฃแƒš แƒแƒ—แƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ“แƒแƒแƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ. แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ˜, แƒแƒ—แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒœ, แƒ™แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ”แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒชแƒ แƒฃ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒจแƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒ™แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒฌแƒแƒ“แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ”. แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒฆแƒแƒช แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘ แƒ“แƒ”แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒจแƒ™แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒ•แƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ แƒ”แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒแƒŸแƒก. แƒ•แƒฎแƒ•แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒ›แƒ”แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ: แƒ แƒแƒขแƒแƒ› แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒก? แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ—! แƒ™แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ•แƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒแƒ—? แƒ•แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒ , แƒ•แƒฃแƒกแƒ›แƒ”แƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ“แƒ แƒžแƒแƒกแƒฃแƒฎแƒก แƒ•แƒ”แƒ  แƒ•แƒžแƒแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘. แƒ•แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ˜แƒš แƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ•แƒฃแƒกแƒ›แƒ”แƒœ แƒกแƒแƒขแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒคแƒแƒœแƒ แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ‘แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒกแƒแƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒจแƒ˜. แƒ แƒแƒก แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒก โ€žแƒจแƒ˜แƒœโ€œ แƒแƒ› แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ? โ€žแƒจแƒ˜แƒœโ€œ แƒ แƒฌแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ“ แƒ”แƒก แƒแƒ™แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒ— แƒแƒฏแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ”แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’. แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒ› แƒ’แƒแƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ แƒ”แƒก แƒแƒฏแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜. แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒแƒœแƒ, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ—. Hannes Jung False Home โ€žBeing without home is suffering.โ€œ Fyodor Dostoyevsky

They are born in Ludwigshafen, raised in Emsdetten, Mรผnster or Otterndorf (Germany). Their native language is German. Their parents went to Germany during the war in the early nineties. And after a decade or longer, there is a generation of children living in a false home, deported back to the Kosovo. I have been travelling for two and a half years to Kosovo, reporting about deported Roma and Ashkali who used to live in Germany. Again and again I meet children who ask: Why have they deported me? We were born in Germany! What will we do in Kosovo? I sit and listen to them and I donโ€™t have a proper answer for them. I read letters from Germany, listen to calls to their frends to Germany and help write letters to the officials in Germany. What means โ€œhomeโ€ to these children, whoโ€™re raised in Germany? Home is confidence and trust. But this is exactly missing in those families after their deportation. Germany deported these families. Germany is the country which they want to go back.



แƒฏแƒ”แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒ

geocell mobile photo แƒ˜แƒแƒ–แƒ”แƒค แƒ™แƒฃแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒฉแƒ”แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒ˜ 2014 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก 19 แƒ˜แƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒก, แƒžแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒšแƒ แƒจแƒแƒžแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒ›แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒชแƒ•แƒ. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒซแƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒžแƒ แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒฅแƒฃแƒฉแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒš-แƒžแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ˜แƒ—. แƒžแƒ แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒแƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒญแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒฃแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒฅแƒ›แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ. แƒขแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒคแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ แƒงแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒฅแƒชแƒ”แƒ•แƒ“แƒ. แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒแƒœแƒขแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ–แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒจแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ“แƒ, แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ›แƒ”แƒก แƒแƒ  แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ”แƒชแƒœแƒ. แƒกแƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ”แƒก แƒฃแƒ”แƒชแƒแƒ แƒ˜, แƒžแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ แƒ— แƒ›แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ , แƒžแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒฃแƒš แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒก, แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ• แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒชแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒช แƒแƒ  แƒจแƒ”แƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ. แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒฎแƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ” แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก. แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ“ แƒžแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ–แƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ™แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ. แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒ› แƒžแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒ— แƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ  แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒ แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒแƒ“แƒ, แƒ›แƒ”แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒฎแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“ แƒ›แƒฃแƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ  แƒคแƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ–แƒ” แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ. Josef Kubicek โ€œProtestsโ€ Protests took place around Boulevard LaChapelle, in Paris on the 19. July 2014. Violent protest and mass street destruction in the name of peace on Palestinian-Israel border. Protesters demanded french government to stop supporting Israel. I had to use my cellphone because the big camera was getting to much unpleasant attention. Some protesters were angry and afraid of being recognized on photos. Interesting was that this little sudden war in the middle of ordinary parisian day didnโ€™t interfere much with local life. People mind their own business. People were mostly angry at cops as they didnโ€™t let people pass through some blockades. While crowds in one central part of Paris were fighting, in another one had fun at a big music festival...


แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“ แƒ™แƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒจแƒแƒก แƒกแƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒ™แƒแƒขแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒฉแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ”แƒ— แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒ™แƒแƒขแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ-แƒ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒจแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒšแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ–แƒ”แƒ“ แƒ“แƒแƒฌแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒžแƒšแƒแƒ™แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ”แƒช แƒฎแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜, แƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒขแƒœแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒงแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ โ€“ แƒ”แƒก แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒกแƒ™แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒœแƒ˜ แƒฎแƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒš, แƒแƒœ แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ แƒžแƒแƒ–แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ•แƒฎแƒ•แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ. แƒ›แƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒกแƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ–แƒ” แƒฏแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ˜แƒซแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒ” แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒฃแƒฉแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ. David Klammer Rikshaw Seats in Kolkata In the north of Kolkata, India, the seats of the bicycle rikshaws are beautifully glued with wallpapers, showing fruits and vegetables and pictures of some favourite filmstars, often in a romantic or in a fighter pose. A passenger taking his seat is allured into a worls that is mor colourful than the surrounding streets of the city.


แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ แƒขแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒขแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒแƒฆแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒแƒขแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ  แƒ‘แƒแƒฆแƒจแƒ˜, 2014 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒกแƒจแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ. แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒก แƒฃแƒ™แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒจแƒ˜, 2014 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ–แƒแƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒแƒคแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ–แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒขแƒ แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’. แƒ”แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ  แƒงแƒแƒคแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒชแƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ; แƒ›แƒซแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒ–แƒแƒ›แƒ—แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ—แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒ˜แƒšแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒแƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ—แƒ แƒฉแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ›แƒ–แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒฎแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฌแƒงแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ•แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ›แƒ, แƒ›แƒจแƒคแƒแƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. Gera Artemova Botanic Garden The project was created in Kyiv Botanic Garden in May 2014. This series reflects the internal state of the author after the tragic events occurred in Ukraine during the winter and spring of 2014. This is an attempt to return for a moment to normal life, a desire to see the light and renewal after a hard winter, a kind of therapy. But disquieting images are lurking beyond an intricate pattern of plants, rays and drops of water.


แƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฐแƒแƒš แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒฃแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒฏแƒ”แƒ  แƒ˜แƒกแƒ” แƒฎแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒแƒฎแƒแƒš แƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒก แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ–แƒ” แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘. แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ” แƒชแƒฃแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ’แƒ”แƒ›แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ, แƒแƒœ แƒแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ”แƒžแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒชแƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก, แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฅแƒแƒก แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ’แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒ“แƒก แƒ’แƒ˜แƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒก. แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ› แƒแƒฎแƒแƒš แƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ• แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒแƒช แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒ“แƒ”แƒก. แƒแƒฎแƒแƒš แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒก, แƒแƒฎแƒแƒš แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ• แƒ“แƒ แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒœ แƒแƒ  แƒ˜แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜. แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒšแƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ  แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒคแƒšแƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ. แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒฃแƒš แƒ—แƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ˜แƒฏแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒชแƒแƒขแƒ แƒฎแƒแƒœแƒก แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒคแƒแƒ แƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ˜. แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ›แƒ แƒ›แƒจแƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒฏแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒ— แƒจแƒฃแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ—แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒ•แƒšแƒ แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒ•แƒ˜แƒขแƒ”แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ แƒฆแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒ  แƒ•แƒฅแƒชแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ˜, แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒชแƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ, แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฅแƒแƒก แƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ’แƒšแƒ˜แƒฏแƒ”แƒก. แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒ˜แƒฅแƒœแƒ, แƒ˜แƒ› แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒก แƒ•แƒฃแƒ‘แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ›แƒฃแƒ“แƒแƒ› แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒญแƒ”แƒจแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜ โ€žแƒ›แƒ”โ€œ-แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ•แƒ—แƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜. แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒคแƒแƒ แƒœแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒขแƒแƒขแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒžแƒ˜แƒฃแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ— แƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒžแƒแƒ•แƒ. แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒช แƒ“แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› โ€žแƒแƒฅแƒ แƒแƒก แƒจแƒขแƒแƒขแƒ˜โ€œ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ“ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ. แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒšแƒแƒก แƒแƒœแƒฏแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ” แƒ“แƒ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒขแƒ™แƒ”แƒชแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ”, แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ•แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ˜. แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ–แƒ” แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”. โ€žแƒฏแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒ แƒ˜โ€œ แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒฉแƒ˜แƒ” โ€“ แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ” แƒแƒ แƒแƒกแƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก แƒ•แƒงแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ•แƒแƒ . แƒ”แƒก แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒก แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒš แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก, แƒ˜แƒ› แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒก แƒแƒฆแƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒช โ€žแƒจแƒ˜แƒœโ€œ-แƒก แƒ•แƒฃแƒฌแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘. Leslie Hall Brown Thereโ€™s a time you walk down a new path and throw caution to the wind. Perhaps something bad has happened or age is creeping up on you and it feels life is passing you by. So you take that new path and let what will happen, happen. You delve into a new world, a new experience and donโ€™t look back. You are given one life and it wonโ€™t be wasted. I lived in California briefly as a young teen and when my parents chose to move our family to the Midwest to save me from becoming a juvenile delinquent I felt my heart had been ripped out. So finally as an adult I am returning to the place I have always felt was the birthplace of my true self. I explored the State of California on the computer looking for my perfect place. Finally it was time to go explore the Golden State in person. I began the adventure in Los Angeles and traveled various highways, fanning out in all directions. I am throwing caution to the wind. I chose Joshua Tree, a place I had never been to before. This is about my first experience with the place I will call home.


แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ แƒจแƒžแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”, แƒ แƒแƒชแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒœแƒ แƒ”แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜, แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ“, แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฆแƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒœแƒแƒ“. แƒ”แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒš, แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒแƒฆแƒฅแƒ›แƒแƒก แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒœแƒแƒ•แƒก. แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ— แƒ›แƒ–แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ แƒœแƒ˜แƒฃ แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ”-5 แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ–แƒ”. แƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ” แƒ“แƒแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ—, แƒ แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ–แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒแƒฅ แƒแƒ—แƒแƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒฃแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ  แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒฎแƒ•แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— โ€“ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒคแƒ˜แƒฅแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒก, แƒกแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒคแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒก, แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒฅแƒ แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก. แƒ”แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒฎแƒแƒ–แƒก แƒฃแƒกแƒ•แƒแƒ›แƒก, แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒ แƒแƒ’แƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฆแƒฅแƒ›แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜. แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ‘แƒ แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ โ€“ แƒกแƒ”แƒœแƒข-แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒชแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒžแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ แƒฎแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”. แƒ”แƒก แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฆแƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ—แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒช แƒ“แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒฆแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ. แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฅแƒ•แƒแƒก, แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒแƒ› แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒœ; แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒกแƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒแƒœ แƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒช, แƒฌแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ˜แƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒฏแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ–แƒ” แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ›แƒ”. Marco Spinner The Day Time Healed

This project is a healing stone for time perception in general. It is meant as a magical document that cures the fractured time perception of today. Imagine 5th Avenue in New York on a sunny morning. Then examine which time all pedestriansโ€˜ minds are on. We will easily find over a thousand different individual times: enveloped in thoughts about work, hundreds of different times for people concentrating on their smartphone, or thinking about morning coffee, etc. This example is to highlight that time perception is very fragmented in highly developed nations. The images were made in Bregaglia, a small valley in Switzerland between St. Moritz and the Italian border. It is a place where time perception is still whole. The images are fallen out of time so to say. They convey the tranquility of the place. A place in which a chair patiently waits for months or even years before someone sits on it.


แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ แƒจแƒžแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ˜แƒŸแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ โ€žแƒ’แƒ˜แƒŸแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒ˜โ€œ แƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒก, แƒกแƒแƒฏแƒแƒ แƒ แƒžแƒฃแƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒคแƒกแƒ˜แƒฅแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒžแƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒก. แƒ”แƒก แƒ˜แƒ› แƒ›แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒฎแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก 90%-แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒฌแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜, แƒ“แƒแƒคแƒแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ. แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒ แƒฃแƒš แƒคแƒกแƒ˜แƒฅแƒ˜แƒแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒฃแƒš แƒ“แƒแƒฌแƒ”แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒซแƒ˜แƒšแƒ–แƒ” แƒ˜แƒฅแƒœแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜. แƒ”แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒ™แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ–แƒ” แƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ. แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ แƒจแƒžแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ โ€žแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒกแƒ˜แƒฅแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฏแƒแƒœแƒ›แƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกโ€œ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ แƒฉแƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ—แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒญแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฅแƒ แƒแƒœแƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜. แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜ แƒชแƒแƒšแƒ™แƒ”แƒฃแƒš แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก 90 แƒแƒœ 180 แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒฃแƒกแƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒ”แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒคแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒœแƒกแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒœแƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒชแƒ”แƒก, แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜แƒŸแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒฃแƒแƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒฏแƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒฆแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒšแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ˜ แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒแƒก. แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒ› แƒ’แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ— แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒฆแƒ˜แƒฅแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒ” แƒ˜แƒšแƒฃแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒ“. แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒ— แƒฉแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒแƒ แƒ แƒ แƒแƒฆแƒแƒช แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ“แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒก, แƒแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“ แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒฌแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜, แƒคแƒกแƒ˜แƒฅแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ—แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก โ€žแƒแƒฃแƒขแƒกแƒแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกโ€œ แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒšแƒ˜แƒงแƒ˜ แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜. แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒžแƒฃแƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’แƒ แƒ›แƒ™แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒก. Marco Spinner A Madnanโ€™s Tale

The picture series A Madmanโ€™s Tale attempts to turn mental illness into something positive for the general public. This is done by providing a symbolic glimpse at a condition that normally remains hidden from 90 percent of the population. The photographs were made during a stay in a closed psychiatric ward. This is an exceptional and very rare occasion. Marco Spinner himself says that working on the series helped him to hold on to the idea of ยปsanity in delusionยซ. His impressions are arranged chronologically. The photographer rotates individual images by 90 or 180 degrees. This surprising effect is designed to convey a more intense view of mania, or to display the glow of health in the midst of madness. The images thus become more pictures than illustrations. The image combinations come about almost on their own, demonstrating possibilities rather than certainties. As a rule, art by the mentally ill is labeled ยปOutsider Artยซ. This publication resolutely defies such categorization.


แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒ™แƒ แƒฏแƒแƒแƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒกแƒแƒ—แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ

Mamuka Jaoshvili Untitled


แƒขแƒแƒ›แƒแƒจ แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ โ€žแƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜โ€œ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒ›แƒจแƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ  แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘. แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ•แƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘. แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฃแƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ, แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒ“แƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒ’แƒ›แƒ˜แƒš แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒ”แƒšแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒก, แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒฉแƒแƒœแƒแƒฎแƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒ’แƒœแƒแƒ™แƒแƒ“ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘. Tomasz Lazar City Diary โ€œCity Diaryโ€ is my personal work about travelling through my hometown. Trying to rediscover it and understand. The city is constantly changing. Additionaly, I use those images as my personal scrapbook while working on my long-term project about my city.


แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฉแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒ”แƒ แƒ— แƒ›แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒก, แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒฎแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒแƒชแƒแƒ  แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒจแƒ”แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ”... แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒงแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฎแƒ•แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ• แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ• แƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒฎแƒ•แƒ“แƒ” แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒœแƒแƒ• แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒฎแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒฃแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜. แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก, แƒ”แƒ แƒ— แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ• แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒฎแƒ”แƒš แƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒฎแƒ•แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ ... แƒจแƒ”แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”!!:) ... แƒกแƒฃแƒš แƒ•แƒคแƒ˜แƒฅแƒ แƒแƒ‘, แƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒ“แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒแƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒฃแƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ. แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒ˜ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ–แƒ” แƒซแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒคแƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒ. แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒฃแƒฆแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒกแƒ” โ€žแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒโ€œ แƒ˜แƒก. Michiko Makino Oneday maybe Life is full of chances to meet interesting people and wonderful moment... I love everyone and everything coming across my life wish to continue to meet wonderful people and moment and hope to meet them all again some day... CU again !! :) โ€ฆโ€ฆ I always think that all things are in flux and nothing is permanent. Every moment is so precious for me, so Iโ€™d like to take pictures for catching it.


แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฉแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒ” แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒญแƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒ” โ€žแƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒแƒ แƒแƒกแƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก แƒฌแƒงแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒฌแƒงแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ”. แƒฅแƒแƒคแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒงแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ–แƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ–แƒ” แƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ˜แƒ‘แƒœแƒ”แƒ•แƒ, แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒก, แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒฎแƒแƒœแƒก แƒแƒ แƒแƒกแƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก แƒแƒงแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒช แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒแƒ›แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒœแƒแƒ“.โ€ แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ แƒœแƒ-แƒฉแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ˜, โ€žแƒฎแƒ˜แƒšแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒคแƒšแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘โ€œ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒ” แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒญแƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒ”แƒ—, แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ”แƒ—, แƒ แƒ แƒฎแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒฎแƒ•แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ‘แƒ แƒ”แƒ— แƒแƒ› แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒก. แƒกแƒฃแƒš แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒกแƒ™แƒœแƒ”แƒš แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒจแƒ˜แƒช แƒแƒกแƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒ˜แƒฎแƒกแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ— แƒ—แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒก แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก. แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ–แƒ” แƒกแƒฌแƒ แƒแƒคแƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ›แƒฃแƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒแƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. Michiko Makino Before closing your eyes โ€œThe flowing river never stops and yet the water never stays the same. Foam floats upon the pools, scattering, re-forming, never lingering long. So it is with man and all his dwelling places here on earth.โ€

Visions of a Torn World by Kamo-no-Chomei

Before you closing your eyes, you might remind what happened, who you met, what you talked on that day. You would retrace your life in the same way at the very last time. Things are changing very quickly and nothing kept them just as it is.


แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒแƒœแƒ แƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ โ€žแƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ”แƒ. แƒแƒ—แƒแƒกแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ, แƒแƒ—แƒแƒกแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ˜แƒคแƒ˜. แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ–แƒ. แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ‘แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒซแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘โ€œ. (แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜ The Doors-แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒฆแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ โ€œThe Crystal Lineโ€). Simona Bonanno The Crystal Ship โ€œThe Crystal Ship is being filled. A thousand girls, a thousand thrills. A million ways to spend your time; when we get back, Iโ€™ll drop the line.โ€


แƒœแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒŸแƒ“แƒ แƒžแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒกแƒแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒงแƒแƒคแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒงแƒแƒคแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒขแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒงแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜. แƒ’แƒ•แƒฏแƒ”แƒ แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ—แƒฃ แƒกแƒแƒงแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒš แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ•แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ—, แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒšแƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒฏแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ. แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒฏแƒ”แƒ  แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒ•แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒ—, แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ— แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. Nadezhda Pavlova Hospital attendants Hospitals are places where many pain and many love is concentrated. We believe, if we accompany our beloved people, they will recover faster. Sometimes we lose them, but not the feelings addressed to them.


แƒแƒœแƒ” แƒ™แƒแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ Anne Kathrin แƒฐแƒ˜แƒฉแƒ™แƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒ˜ Hitchcock Moment

แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒ แƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ™แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ Daro Sulakauri

แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ Sergi Barisashvili

แƒชแƒ”แƒชแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜ Fire

แƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ Lomisoba

แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒœ แƒ™แƒแƒ–แƒ Martin Kosa แƒ’แƒ˜แƒŸแƒ˜ Crazy Guy


Michiko Makino

แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฉแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒœแƒ Michiko Makino

แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฉแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒœแƒ

แƒขแƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ Tokyo Kingyo

แƒขแƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ Tokyo Kingyo

แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒแƒœแƒ Simona Bonanno

แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒแƒœแƒ Simona Bonanno

แƒซแƒแƒฆแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ Les Chiens

แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒ แƒ™แƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒ–แƒ” Diane Arbus on the Wall


แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ” แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ” Didier Bizet แƒกแƒแƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ›แƒ แƒ โ€œแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ  แƒ™แƒฃแƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒกโ€œ แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ˜, แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜, 2014 Main square at Emir Kusturica Hotel, Serbia 2014

แƒฎแƒแƒจแƒแƒ˜แƒแƒ  แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒคแƒ” Khashayar Sharifaee

แƒฎแƒแƒจแƒแƒ˜แƒแƒ  แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒคแƒ” Khashayar Sharifaee

แƒฎแƒแƒจแƒแƒ˜แƒแƒ  แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒคแƒ” Khashayar Sharifaee

แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ The Train

แƒ›แƒšแƒแƒชแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฌแƒงแƒ”แƒ›แƒกแƒ˜ The Prayer Shepherd

แƒ—แƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ The Difference between Generations


แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ Valery Melnikov แƒฃแƒกแƒแƒ—แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ Untitled

แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒฏแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒšแƒ“แƒ˜ Eddie Gerald

แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒฏแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒšแƒ“แƒ˜ Eddie Gerald

แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒฏแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒšแƒ“แƒ˜ Eddie Gerald

แƒกแƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ Scenes from Israel

แƒกแƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ Scenes from Israel

แƒกแƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ Scenes from Israel


แƒ˜แƒแƒแƒฐแƒ˜แƒ› แƒฐแƒ˜แƒšแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ˜ Joachim Hildebrand แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ Grip

แƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒจ แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ แƒ˜ Tomasz Lazar

แƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒจ แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ แƒ˜ Tomasz Lazar

แƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ  แƒแƒœแƒขแƒแƒ™แƒ˜ Vladimir Antaki

แƒ“แƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒ Disco

แƒ˜แƒแƒ™แƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ Yokohama

แƒฅแƒฃแƒฉแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒ—แƒ Cross


แƒคแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒฅแƒก แƒคแƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ  แƒแƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ Felix von der Osten

แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ“ แƒ›แƒ”แƒซแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ Elisabed Medzmariashvili

Falltivities Falltivities

แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ ImereTi


แƒœแƒแƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ‘แƒฃแƒ แƒ“แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ Natalia Burduli แƒ’แƒ”แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ Geography

แƒฅแƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒญแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ Ketevan Machavariani แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ โ€œแƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒโ€ From the Series โ€œSeaโ€.

แƒ•แƒแƒฃแƒขแƒ”แƒ  แƒ•แƒแƒœ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒœแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒ’แƒ˜ Wouter Van Vaerenbergh แƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒ Mare


แƒšแƒแƒœแƒฉแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ Pride of Spitalfields pub-แƒจแƒ˜, แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ˜ Lunchtime at the Pride of Spitalfields Pub, London

แƒกแƒฃแƒ˜แƒ“แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜, แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ˜ Swedeland Court, City of London

แƒฅแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ  แƒ‘แƒฃแƒ—แƒ˜ Christopher Booth

แƒšแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒžแƒฃแƒš แƒกแƒ—แƒ แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜, แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ˜ Liverpool Street, London


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