Kolga Tbilisi Photo 2014 Catalogue

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photocatalogue 2014


แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒคแƒฃแƒซแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ Founder แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜ Co-organizer

แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜ photo Week Curator แƒกแƒแƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒฏแƒ’แƒฃแƒคแƒ˜ Organizing Committee

แƒŸแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ JUDGES

แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜, แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ TRANSLATION, COPY-EDITING

ISBN 978-9941-0-6522-4

แƒ‘แƒ”แƒกแƒ แƒฎแƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ Beso Khaindrava แƒ—แƒ”แƒแƒœแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒฉแƒแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ Teona Gogichaishvili

แƒ—แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒšแƒฐแƒแƒ แƒœแƒ˜ Tina Schelhorn แƒ’แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒซแƒ” Gaga Lomidze แƒœแƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒ“แƒ’แƒ•แƒ”แƒคแƒแƒซแƒ” Nino Dgvepadze แƒ’แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒฉแƒแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ Gaga Gogichaishvili แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒแƒ’แƒฃแƒ“แƒแƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ Mari Garchagudashvili แƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒœแƒ แƒฏแƒแƒ•แƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒ Tamuna Javakhia แƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ  แƒ‘แƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒฉแƒแƒ•แƒ Tamar Bokuchava แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ› แƒงแƒฃแƒ‘แƒฃแƒกแƒ˜แƒซแƒ” Mariam Kubusidze แƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒ แƒงแƒฃแƒ‘แƒฃแƒกแƒ˜แƒซแƒ” maka kubusidze แƒกแƒแƒกแƒ แƒœแƒฃแƒชแƒฃแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒซแƒ” Soso Nutsubidze แƒ’แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒฉแƒแƒœแƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜ Goga Chanadiri แƒšแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒแƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ Lika Mamatsashvili แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ dina oganova แƒ“แƒแƒ—แƒ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ“แƒแƒซแƒ” Dato Tskhadadze แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒคแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ’ แƒชแƒฃแƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒœแƒ˜ Wolfgang Zurborn แƒ—แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒšแƒฐแƒแƒ แƒœแƒ˜ Tina Schelhorn แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒš แƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒฐแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ william kouwenhoven

แƒ’แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ แƒœแƒแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜, แƒ’แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒซแƒ” GIGA NANOBASHVILI, GAGA LOMIDZE


6 โ€“ 20 22 โ€“ 83 86 โ€“ 97 102 โ€“ 319

แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ” แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜

Alexander Roinashvili hononary prize แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜

exhibitions แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒฏแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜

award winners

แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜

shortlisted participants


2008 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒžแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒ“แƒ, แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒœ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒฌแƒ˜แƒคแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒฉแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ— แƒจแƒ”แƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒก แƒžแƒ แƒ”แƒชแƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฎแƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ. แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฌแƒฃแƒฎแƒแƒ แƒแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ› แƒฃแƒ›แƒซแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜ แƒขแƒ แƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒฅแƒ•แƒกแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒแƒœแƒ แƒฃแƒ™แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒ›แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒจแƒ” แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒœแƒ“แƒ, แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒฌแƒ˜แƒคแƒแƒก แƒฌแƒงแƒแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—. แƒแƒšแƒ‘แƒแƒ— แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒกแƒแƒช แƒ•แƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—, แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒก, แƒ—แƒฃแƒ™แƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒ’แƒฃแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒฃแƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒฌแƒ˜แƒคแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ–แƒ” แƒกแƒฃแƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ—. แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก, 2015 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒ แƒ—แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒก แƒ™แƒแƒขแƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ•แƒแƒš แƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ› แƒ—แƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ• แƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒแƒญแƒ แƒ แƒแƒ  แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒฎแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ˜แƒ› แƒฃแƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒšแƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ”แƒ–แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ”แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒฌแƒ˜แƒคแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ’แƒ›แƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ›, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ, แƒฃแƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒšแƒแƒ“, แƒคแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒฆแƒแƒ  แƒ’แƒ•แƒ”แƒฅแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ... ...แƒ’แƒ•แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ’แƒแƒชแƒœแƒแƒ— แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ•แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜. แƒ‘แƒแƒขแƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒฏแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒš แƒ™แƒแƒกแƒ แƒแƒซแƒ” แƒ˜แƒ› แƒ›แƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒ แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒช แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒญแƒแƒ—แƒ แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒžแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒš แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒœแƒ˜แƒญแƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒฌแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒฏแƒ–แƒ”, แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ•แƒœแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒแƒ› แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒซแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒคแƒแƒกแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ™แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒฃแƒขแƒแƒ•แƒ. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒฆแƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒฆแƒ˜แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒจแƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ”แƒญแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒšแƒฐแƒแƒ แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— โ€“ 32 แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒœแƒแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒšแƒแƒฃแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—. แƒกแƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒแƒ“ แƒแƒฆแƒ•แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ— แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ–แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก โ€“ แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ› แƒžแƒแƒœแƒฉแƒฃแƒ™แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒคแƒแƒฃแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒžแƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ•แƒ” แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ•แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ  แƒ แƒ”แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒแƒŸแƒก โ€œแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒ“แƒœแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœโ€, แƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—. National Geographic แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ 2013 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒฏแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ• แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒฎแƒ”แƒš แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒ”แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒ’แƒแƒฌแƒ”แƒฃแƒš แƒฃแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒก แƒฆแƒ•แƒแƒฌแƒšแƒ–แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒชแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ”แƒจแƒ˜. แƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒ แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒแƒซแƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜ โ€œแƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜โ€ แƒฎแƒแƒ–แƒก แƒฃแƒกแƒ•แƒแƒ›แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒแƒ•แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒšแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒฃแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ  แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒก. แƒžแƒแƒšแƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ  แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒจแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒแƒขแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒงแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜

แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก, แƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒจ แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜ แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ— แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒฃแƒฉแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒžแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ แƒ™ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฐแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒจแƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ”แƒญแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒขแƒแƒฃแƒก แƒ แƒ”แƒ’แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒ แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒช, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒฃแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒšแƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฅแƒแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ. ...2012 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒฏแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ™แƒแƒก แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ› โ€œแƒจแƒ˜แƒ›แƒจแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒจแƒ˜โ€ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒ แƒ—แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒก แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒฏแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ  แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒžแƒแƒ•แƒ, แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒฌแƒงแƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒฉแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒก แƒจแƒแƒ•-แƒ—แƒ”แƒ—แƒ แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—-แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒฃแƒš แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก. แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ–แƒ”, 2014 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒฏแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒ›, แƒฏแƒแƒœ แƒขแƒ แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒ˜แƒงแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒฏแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก โ€œแƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ•แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜โ€ แƒ แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒช แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒขแƒแƒขแƒฃแƒกแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ• แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒฎแƒ”แƒš แƒ“แƒแƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ. แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ•แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒชแƒแƒ— แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒ”แƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ•แƒ” แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒฏแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒก. 2014 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒ แƒ—แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒ แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒกแƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ•แƒ. แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒฌแƒ›แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ—, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ™แƒแƒขแƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒคแƒฃแƒซแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“ แƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒญแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒฃแƒ™แƒ•แƒ” แƒ›แƒ”แƒชแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ” แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ•แƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ—, แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ•แƒแƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒแƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒ“แƒแƒ— แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒชแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ”แƒจแƒ˜. แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ”, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒช แƒ•แƒ”แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒฃแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ“, แƒ—แƒฃแƒ›แƒชแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒช แƒขแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ™แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒก แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒจแƒ˜. แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒกแƒ” แƒฃแƒฌแƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒขแƒแƒ“ แƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒ แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก โ€“ โ€œแƒแƒญแƒแƒ แƒ แƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒกโ€, โ€œแƒ—แƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒ˜แƒกโ€, แƒ—แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒซแƒ”แƒ’แƒšแƒ—แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒชแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ แƒแƒก, โ€œแƒฏแƒ”แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒกโ€, โ€œแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒกโ€, โ€œแƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ 2โ€-แƒ˜แƒก,โ€แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒกโ€, โ€œแƒžแƒ แƒแƒžแƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒกโ€,โ€แƒแƒ แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒกโ€, โ€œแƒ›แƒ”แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒฏแƒ’แƒฃแƒคแƒ˜แƒกโ€, โ€œแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฃแƒ–แƒ”แƒฃแƒ›แƒ˜แƒกโ€, โ€œแƒขแƒแƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒกโ€, โ€œNational Geographic แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒกโ€, โ€œแƒแƒ แƒขแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒฃแƒกโ€, โ€œแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒญแƒแƒกโ€, แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ”แƒšแƒฉแƒแƒก, โ€œแƒฏแƒแƒ แƒฏแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ—แƒกแƒ˜แƒกโ€ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒžแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒจแƒ”แƒขแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒฌแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ.

แƒ‘แƒ”แƒกแƒ แƒฎแƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒ แƒ—แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒคแƒฃแƒซแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ 4


In 2008, when some parts of my country were occupied, no one could imagine that in our day, it was possible to change boundaries of independent countries through military intervention and that it would establish a precedent. It is sad that six years after the greatest tragedy in our countryโ€™s history, our closest friend โ€“ Ukraine is facing the exact problem and because of the same state. There is probably no point in doing everything we do if we are going to get used to the present posture of affairs and let powerful countries militarily subjugate weaker ones. We hope that the introduction to the 2015 Kolga Tbilisi Photo catalogue will not include this topic simply because every country in the world is going to condemn this unfair game and not because we physically will not be able to do soโ€ฆ โ€ฆWe would like to introduce you to a Georgian author. Mr Jemal Kasradze is one of the few people, who โ€“ both in Soviet Georgia and during very hard years after regaining independence โ€“ has created very precious documentary photographs of the period for future generations thanks to his creative talent and personal selflessness. His work deserves special recognition. Diverse and impressive are exhibitions curated by Tina Schelhorn featuring 32 women photographers, artists Natan Dvir and Claudio Cambon. It is our pleasure to present exhibitions prepared by Dina Oganova featuring her own photographic series as well as works by Adam Paล„czuk, Fausto Podavini and of course, a special photo essay on Euromaidan by various authors curated by Kristina Shestak. The exhibition presented by National Geographic Georgia summing up the year 2013 has once again convinced us of the prominent services of the American Geographic Society to the cause of exploration of the world. Letters project by Irma Sharikadze focuses on the exceptional style of the authorโ€™s work and her individual handwriting. The symbol of our long-term collaboration with Polish photographers

is an independent photography project by a former participant of our contest, Tomasz Kulbowski and his friends about street photography from Eastern Europe featuring images by European photographers. Dirk Gebhardtโ€™s exotic and impressive photographs tell us a story of everyday problems of the Brazilian sertรฃo and its citizens. It is a historical excursion and a narrative of current events, at the same time, where it seems that time has stopped in anticipation of a better tomorrow. โ€ฆIn 2012, when a powerful project Famine in Somalia by Giulio Di Sturco did not win at the Kolga Tbilisi Photo, it caused us sorrow. In our opinion, his black-and-white project was one of the most exceptional works among the final selection of projects. Two years later, in 2014, according to the results of the contest, Giulio shared a victory with John Trotter in Documentary Photography Project category for his series Death of a River. Giulio Di Sturco has once again proved himself to be a highly skilled photographer. We would like to congratulate him as well as the other winners on success. The 2014 Kolga Tbilisi Photo is exceptional for the number of powerful photography projects by many international photographers covering a wide range of topics. We are sure that familiarization with our catalogue will be a very enjoyable experience for our readers. For 13 years, we have been trying to show people the diversity of inner and outer worlds as seen by other people and together with them, comprehend and experience our place in this world and its exploration process. We really hope that the work we do โ€“ marginally but still โ€“ has a positive impact on inner worlds of people. Owing to great contribution and the support of Adjaranet, TBC Bank, Tbilisi City Hall, The Ministry of Culture and Monument Protection of Georgia, Geocell, ARDI, Rustavi 2, PhotoWorld, Propagranda, Artarea, Meidan Group, Georgian National Museum, Tabula, National Geographic Georgia, Art Avenue, British Council, Embassy of Israel, Georgian Events and other partners, we are able to continuously do our job. Beso Khaindrava, Founder of Kolga Tbilisi Photo

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แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ” แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒขแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒญแƒ

แƒฏแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒš แƒ™แƒแƒกแƒ แƒแƒซแƒ”แƒก Alexander Roinashvili hononary prize awarded to

JEMAL KASRADZE

for the outstanding merits in the development of Georgian photography 1.05.2014

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โ€œ...แƒ แƒแƒช แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒกโ€ โ€“ แƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒก แƒฏแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒš แƒ™แƒแƒกแƒ แƒแƒซแƒ” โ€“ โ€œแƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒงแƒ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒแƒžแƒแƒ แƒแƒขแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ›แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒซแƒ˜แƒœแƒ, แƒ—แƒฃแƒ›แƒชแƒ แƒแƒ แƒช แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ แƒช แƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฃแƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒ›แƒ”. แƒ›แƒ” แƒ“แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒซแƒ›แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒฉแƒ˜แƒขแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒฌแƒงแƒ•แƒ˜แƒขแƒ”แƒ— แƒแƒ› แƒแƒžแƒแƒ แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒฃแƒœแƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒ. แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒฆแƒ แƒ”แƒš โ€“ โ€œแƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ–แƒโ€. แƒ–แƒฃแƒกแƒขแƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜, แƒžแƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. แƒ“แƒแƒแƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ› แƒคแƒ”แƒฎแƒ–แƒ”, แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒจแƒแƒ• แƒขแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒก, แƒ“แƒแƒแƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒกแƒก (แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒแƒงแƒ˜แƒ แƒ แƒฉแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ), แƒฉแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒขแƒแƒก แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒขแƒแƒฅแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒญแƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒ โ€œแƒฉแƒ˜แƒขแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒแƒคแƒ แƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒ˜โ€. แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’ แƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒแƒšแƒฅแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ•แƒแƒ›แƒ–แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ˜ โ€œแƒžแƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒขแƒ”แƒšแƒกโ€ แƒ“แƒ โ€œแƒ–แƒแƒ™แƒ แƒ”แƒžแƒ˜แƒขแƒ”แƒšแƒกโ€ (แƒฎแƒกแƒœแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒฌแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ•แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ—), แƒ•แƒแƒ›แƒŸแƒฆแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ— แƒคแƒ˜แƒ แƒก, แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’ แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒฌแƒ˜แƒ—แƒ”แƒš แƒจแƒฃแƒฅแƒ–แƒ” แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒ”แƒญแƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒแƒชแƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜. แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒœ แƒแƒ แƒช แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜, แƒคแƒ แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ˜ แƒšแƒฃแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ แƒช แƒœแƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜, แƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฐแƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒฅแƒก แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ‘แƒแƒขแƒ˜. แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”, แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒšแƒ” แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ’แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ—, แƒแƒ แƒช แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ” แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒแƒžแƒแƒ แƒแƒขแƒ˜ โ€œแƒกแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒโ€ แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒซแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”, แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒแƒœแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ. แƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ” แƒ˜แƒงแƒ โ€œแƒคแƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜โ€ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒญแƒแƒ—แƒ แƒแƒžแƒแƒ แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒžแƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒŸแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ โ€œแƒ–แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜โ€. แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ“ แƒแƒ› แƒแƒžแƒแƒ แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ” แƒžแƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ. แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒชแƒ˜แƒคแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ›แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒฌแƒ˜แƒ—แƒ”แƒš แƒจแƒฃแƒฅแƒ–แƒ” แƒฉแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒก แƒกแƒแƒแƒชแƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒชแƒ แƒ›แƒ” แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒแƒกแƒฌแƒแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜...โ€ แƒฏแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒš แƒ™แƒแƒกแƒ แƒแƒซแƒ” แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒŸแƒฃแƒ แƒœแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒกแƒขแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒžแƒฃแƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ•แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ. แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ 1945 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก 27 แƒšแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒแƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฃแƒ–แƒ”แƒฃแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜

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แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒก แƒชแƒฎแƒ˜แƒœแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒจแƒ˜. แƒ“แƒแƒแƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ แƒ—แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒฌแƒ˜แƒคแƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒขแƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒ”แƒขแƒ˜ แƒŸแƒฃแƒ แƒœแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒฎแƒ แƒ˜แƒ—. แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒฏแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ›แƒ, 1971 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก, แƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ”แƒ— โ€œแƒšแƒ˜แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒฃแƒš แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒจแƒ˜โ€ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ, แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒกแƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒฃแƒš แƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ โ€œแƒšแƒ”แƒšแƒโ€ แƒ“แƒ โ€œแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”โ€. แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก 40 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒซแƒ˜แƒšแƒ–แƒ” แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒจแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—แƒแƒœ โ€œแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜โ€, โ€œแƒ™แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ˜โ€, โ€œแƒ“แƒ แƒแƒœแƒ˜โ€, โ€œแƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒก แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒžแƒฃแƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒ™แƒโ€. 1985 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก, แƒฏแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒš แƒ™แƒแƒกแƒ แƒแƒซแƒ”แƒ› โ€œแƒšแƒ”แƒšแƒโ€-แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒžแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ. แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒก แƒžแƒแƒ แƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒจแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒžแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒ แƒ–แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘ แƒŸแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒœแƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒ‘แƒฃแƒ แƒฏแƒแƒœแƒแƒซแƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒแƒ“. แƒแƒ•แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒ˜แƒ’แƒœแƒ˜แƒก: โ€œแƒฉแƒ˜แƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒกแƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ” แƒงแƒฃแƒ—แƒ˜โ€, โ€œแƒ•แƒแƒŸแƒ แƒ™แƒแƒญแƒแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒโ€ แƒ“แƒ โ€œแƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜โ€. แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ“แƒฌแƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒขแƒแƒซแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก, แƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒ“ แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒก แƒ™แƒแƒ—แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒก-แƒžแƒแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒฅแƒ›แƒ, แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ› แƒกแƒแƒžแƒแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒฅแƒแƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒแƒฏแƒ˜แƒšแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ. แƒฏแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒš แƒ™แƒแƒกแƒ แƒแƒซแƒ” แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ”แƒ, แƒ’แƒแƒชแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜, แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ, แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒแƒช แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ  แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒจแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒกแƒฌแƒ แƒ, แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒ, แƒ“แƒแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒฅแƒกแƒ˜แƒ แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ“แƒแƒ“ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒแƒฉแƒ˜แƒœแƒ. แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒก: โ€œแƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒกแƒฌแƒ แƒ แƒฎแƒแƒœแƒซแƒแƒ แƒก แƒฉแƒแƒฃแƒฅแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒก, แƒฉแƒฎแƒฃแƒ‘แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒฃแƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒก, แƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒแƒคแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒก แƒแƒงแƒ•แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒกโ€. 2014 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก, แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ” แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒš แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒ แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒฃแƒš แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒก, แƒฏแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒš แƒ™แƒแƒกแƒ แƒแƒซแƒ”แƒก.


โ€œโ€ฆFor as long as I can rememberโ€ โ€“ writes Jemal Kasradze โ€“ โ€œat home, weโ€™ve always had the camera that my father had bought before World War II. Yet, he neither knew how to use it nor was he ever interested in using it. When my brother and I grew old enough, we decided to make use of the camera. It was German, with GOMZ seal. Exactly like those ones professional photographers were using. We would attach it to a tripod, put black cloth over our heads, fix focus (the image was upside down), plug metallic holder with contact printing frame and it was time to โ€œsay cheese!โ€ After that, it was time for alchemical processes: we would prepare developer and fixing salt (we used to call those chemicals in Russians. After developing films, we would shift to the amazing process of printing images under red light. At the time, I didnโ€™t know who Louis Daguerre, one of the fathers of photography, was. Neither did I know anything about Henry Fox Talbot, an Englishman who invented the negative-positive process. And to be completely honest, we had never heard about Alexander Roinashvili either. Later, when I bought a Smena camera, I thought that the world was mine. After that camera, I owned FED and the most prestigious Soviet camera โ€“ Zenit. With the latter one, I started my professional career. Today, when digital photography has made the photo-shoot process noticeably simpler, I sometimes miss that amazing ritual under the red light, when I was the immediate creator of that miracleโ€ฆโ€ Jemal Kasradze is a master of documentary photography and sports

journalism. He is the author of numerous publications. He was born on January 27, 1945 in Tskhinvali and graduated from the Faculty of Philology of the Tbilisi State University where he studied journalism. He took his first steps as a photographer in 1971, working for Literaturuli Sakartvelo Newspaper. Later, he worked for sports newspapers Lelo and Martve. For almost 40 years, he has collaborated with several publications: Dilis Gazeti, Kabadoni, Droni and Sakartvelos Respublika. In 1985, Jemal Kasradze began working as a correspondent for Lelo Newspaper, in which he used to publish his texts along with his own images. He also worked for Georgian Parliament and as a personal photographer of Zurab Zhvania and Nino Burjanadze. He is the author of three books: A Box Full of Birds; Vazha Kacharava, and People of My Time. For shooting the construction of the Holy Trinity Cathedral of Tbilisi, he received a letter of recognition from the Catholicos-Patriarch of All Georgia Ilia II. Jemal Kasradze is a chosen photographer. Documentary and sports photography are mirrors of truth for him. Lively, saved times; moments that require you to be always on time for the right moment to see them, capture them and present them in a right way. Or as the photographer, himself, said: โ€œThe main thing is to be right on time to see an unextinguished fire, unsettled fight, and blossoming springโ€. The 2014 Alexander Roinashvili Prize for his contribution to Georgian documentary and sports photography goes to the chosen representative of modern photography โ€“ Jemal Kasradze.

Lika Mamatsashvili Tbilisi History Museum Curator

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แƒฏแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒš แƒ™แƒแƒกแƒ แƒแƒซแƒ” Jemal Kasradze

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แƒ—แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ. 1981แƒฌ Dinamo Tbilisi. 1981

แƒ—แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ. แƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ‘ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒซแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜, แƒญแƒแƒ‘แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒฏแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒœแƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜, แƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ  แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒฃแƒ. 1983 แƒฌ. Tbilisoba. Merab Berdzenishvili, Chabua Amirejibi, Nino Ramishvili, Melor Sturua. 1983. 10


แƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ™แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒซแƒ” แƒ“แƒ แƒœแƒแƒ“แƒแƒ  แƒ“แƒฃแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒซแƒ” Irakli Abashidze and Nodar Dumbadze

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แƒฃแƒกแƒแƒ—แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ Untitled

แƒฃแƒกแƒแƒ—แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ Untitled

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แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ˜. 1989 แƒฌ. Lenin Square. 1989

แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒซแƒ”แƒ’แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒฉแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ—แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒจแƒ˜. 1990 แƒฌ.

The Fall of the Monument to Lenin in Tbilisi. 1990

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แƒ–แƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ, แƒžแƒ แƒ”แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜. 1991 แƒฌ Zviad Gamsakhurdia. Georgian Presidential Elections. 1991

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แƒกแƒแƒžแƒ แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒ แƒแƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ—แƒแƒœ. 1991 แƒฌ. 2 แƒกแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ”แƒ›แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜.

A Protest next to the Cinema House. 1991. September 2.

แƒ›แƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒ˜แƒก แƒฉแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒชแƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒชแƒฎแƒ˜แƒœแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒจแƒ˜. 1989 แƒฌ. 23 แƒœแƒแƒ”แƒ›แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜. An Attempt to Hold Protest in Tskhinvali. 1989. November 23. 15


26 แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜. 1989. แƒฌ. May 26. 1989.

แƒแƒžแƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒ˜ แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒžแƒฃแƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ–แƒ”. 1991 แƒฌ. Opposition Rally in the Republic Square. 1991

แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒ แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒ. 1991 แƒฌ. Two Parallel Demonstrations. 1991

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แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒฌแƒงแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜. 1991 แƒฌ. The Beginning of the Civil War. 1991

แƒ—แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’. 1992 แƒฌ After the Tbilisi War. 1992

แƒฎแƒแƒœแƒซแƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ–แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒญแƒแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜. 1992 แƒฌ. The Supreme Soviet Building in Flames. 1992

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แƒขแƒ แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ˜แƒ‘แƒฃแƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒกแƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ. 1994 แƒฌ. Trolleybuses next to the Sports Palace. 1994

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แƒฃแƒกแƒแƒ—แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ Untitled

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แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒขแƒแƒซแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒซแƒ˜แƒ แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒฎแƒ”แƒ•แƒ. 1997 แƒฌ. Blessing of the Foundation of the Sameba Cathedral. 1997

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แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜

EXHIBITIONS

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22 28 34 40 46 52 58 62 68 72 78

แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ‘แƒแƒขแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜

ladies only แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ› แƒžแƒแƒœแƒฉแƒฃแƒ™แƒ˜

Adam Paล„czuk

แƒคแƒแƒฃแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒžแƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜

FAUSTO PODAVINI แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ

dina oganova แƒ™แƒšแƒแƒฃแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒ˜

Claudio Cambon แƒœแƒแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜

Natan dvir

Eastreet แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ˜: แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒ˜

Euromaidan: the True Story แƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒ แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒแƒซแƒ”

irma sharikadze national geographic georgia แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ แƒ™ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฐแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒขแƒ˜

Dirk gebhardt


แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ‘แƒแƒขแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ โ€“ แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒœ แƒกแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ—แƒกแƒแƒœแƒ˜, แƒšแƒแƒก แƒแƒœแƒฏแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜ โ€“ แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒžแƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒฌแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ” + แƒจแƒแƒ• แƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒœแƒแƒ˜แƒก แƒšแƒแƒžแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜, แƒแƒ›แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜, แƒœแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ โ€“ แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ‘แƒฃแƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ˜แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒฐแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒขแƒ˜, แƒœแƒ˜แƒฃ แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ˜, แƒแƒจแƒจ โ€“ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ 4: แƒ™แƒฃแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ—แƒกแƒ˜ แƒจแƒœแƒแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜, แƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒฅแƒกแƒ˜, แƒแƒจแƒจ โ€“ แƒขแƒ™แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒญแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ แƒจแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒชแƒ˜, แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒแƒžแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜, แƒแƒจแƒจ โ€“ แƒชแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒฃแƒ“แƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ˜แƒœ แƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒ˜, แƒขแƒแƒ แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ, แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒ“แƒ โ€“ แƒ‘แƒแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฐแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒœ แƒ™. แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒœแƒขแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ, แƒแƒจแƒจ โ€“ แƒกแƒแƒœแƒขแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒก แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒกแƒ˜ แƒฐแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒœ แƒžแƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜, แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜, แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ’แƒ˜แƒ โ€“ แƒ›แƒฃแƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜/แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒ™แƒแƒกแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒšแƒ–แƒ” แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒ˜, แƒœแƒ˜แƒฃ แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ˜, แƒแƒจแƒจ โ€“ แƒแƒ•แƒขแƒแƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ 1930-แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒš แƒžแƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜, แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒžแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜, แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ โ€“ แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒชแƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฏแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ แƒฐแƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒกแƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ, แƒแƒจแƒจ โ€“ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒซแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ›แƒ˜ แƒฏแƒแƒแƒœแƒ แƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒ˜, แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒ‘แƒฃแƒ แƒ’แƒ˜, แƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒคแƒ โ€“ แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ” แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒœ แƒ’แƒšแƒ”แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜, แƒคแƒšแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ, แƒแƒจแƒจ โ€“ แƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒญแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒฐแƒ”แƒกแƒ”, แƒžแƒ”แƒ™แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜, แƒฉแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ โ€“ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒšแƒแƒžแƒแƒ แƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒšแƒแƒ แƒ แƒฐแƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ˜, แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ˜, แƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒคแƒ โ€“ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒคแƒแƒ แƒจแƒ˜

แƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜, แƒœแƒ˜แƒฃ แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ˜, แƒแƒจแƒจ โ€“ แƒกแƒแƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ›แƒ แƒ โ€œแƒฉแƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒ˜โ€ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒข แƒžแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜, แƒœแƒ˜แƒฃ แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ˜, แƒแƒจแƒจ โ€“ แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฏแƒœแƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒœแƒฏแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜, แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒคแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜, แƒแƒจแƒจ โ€“ แƒ‘แƒ–แƒแƒ แƒ˜/แƒœแƒแƒžแƒ แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒœแƒ” แƒคแƒฃแƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒœแƒ˜, แƒœแƒ˜แƒฃ แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ˜, แƒแƒจแƒจ โ€“ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ˜แƒฏแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ แƒขแƒแƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒœ แƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒฉแƒ˜, แƒœแƒ˜แƒฃ แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ˜, แƒแƒจแƒจ โ€“ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ›แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜, แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ˜, แƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒคแƒ โ€“ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ” แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒ แƒ, แƒขแƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ, แƒ˜แƒแƒžแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ โ€“ แƒขแƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ แƒจแƒแƒ™แƒ˜/แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜, แƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒขแƒแƒœแƒ˜, แƒแƒจแƒจ โ€“ แƒ’แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒแƒ—แƒแƒฎแƒ˜ แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ™แƒ แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ‘แƒ แƒฃแƒ™แƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜, แƒแƒจแƒจ โ€“ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒแƒขแƒ แƒ แƒ”แƒฏแƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒคแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜, แƒ‘แƒ แƒฃแƒ™แƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜, แƒแƒจแƒจ โ€“ แƒ›แƒขแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒจแƒแƒ แƒก แƒกแƒแƒœแƒ” แƒ“แƒ” แƒฃแƒ˜แƒšแƒ“แƒ”, แƒแƒ›แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜, แƒœแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ โ€“ แƒฏแƒฃแƒฏแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒ›แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒกแƒ™แƒแƒ แƒšแƒ”แƒข แƒ™แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜, แƒžแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ โ€“ Mectoub แƒกแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ–แƒแƒœ แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜, แƒœแƒ˜แƒฃ แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ˜, แƒแƒจแƒจ โ€“ แƒแƒ แƒ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒžแƒ˜แƒ  แƒกแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ–แƒแƒœ แƒšแƒ˜แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜, แƒœแƒ˜แƒฃ แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ˜, แƒแƒจแƒจ โ€“ แƒฏแƒ”แƒ  แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ• แƒฃแƒกแƒแƒ—แƒฃแƒ แƒ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒฅแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ แƒแƒฉแƒ˜แƒœแƒกแƒ™แƒ˜, แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜, แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ โ€“ แƒ›แƒ“แƒฃแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ“แƒ” แƒฐแƒฃแƒ—แƒ˜, แƒ™แƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒœแƒ˜, แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ โ€“ แƒžแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ 1955 แƒฃแƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒกแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜, แƒแƒจแƒจ โ€“ แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒš แƒฌแƒงแƒแƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒแƒซแƒ˜แƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜

Ladies Only โ€“ contemporary Women photographers Aline Smithson, Los Angeles โ€“ Arrangement in Green + Black Anais Lopez, Amsterdam, Netherlands โ€“ Only in Burundi Beatrix Reinhardt, NY, USA โ€“ Chapter IV Kumbha Mela Betsy Schneider, Phoenix, USA โ€“ Sweet is the Swamp Dona Schwartz, Minneapolis, USA โ€“ Empty Nesters Elaine Ling, Toronto, Canada โ€“ Baobabs Helen K. Garber, Santa Monica, USA โ€“ Santa Monica Pier Helen Petersen, Stord, Norway โ€“ Windchimes/Space Below Ilse Bing, NYC, USA โ€“ Self Portraits and Paris in the 30th Isabelle Pateer, Antwerp, Belgium โ€“ Unsettled Jessica Hines, Savannah, USA โ€“ My Brotherโ€™s War Joanna Black, Edinburg, UK โ€“ Jubilee Karen Glaser, Florida, USA โ€“ Springs and Swamps Katharina Hesse, Beijing, China โ€“ Human Negotiations Laura Hynd, London, UK โ€“ Lady Into Hut Linda Troeller, NYC, USA โ€“ Chelsea Hotel

Mariette Pathy Allen, NYC, USA โ€“ The Gender Frontier Marion Belanger, Guilford, USA โ€“ Rift/Fault Martine Fougeron, NY, USA โ€“ Teen Tribe Mary Ann Lynch, NY, USA โ€“ Forever Marilyn Melissa Moore, London, UK โ€“ Lands Ends Midori Mitamura, Tokyo, Japan โ€“ Tokyo Shock/Ikeda Midori Rania Matar, Boston, USA โ€“ A Girl and Her Room Rebecca Norris Webb, Brooklyn, USA โ€“ My Dakota Regina Monfort, Brooklyn, USA โ€“ No Crybabies Sanne de Wilde, Amsterdam, Netherlands โ€“ Dwarf Empire Scarlett Coten, Paris, France โ€“ Mectoub Susan Barnett, NYC, USA โ€“ Not in Your Face Susan Lipper, NYC, USA โ€“ Not Yet Titled Victoria Sorochinski, Berlin, Germany โ€“ Silent Dialogs Walde Huth, Koeln, Germany โ€“ Paris Haute Couture 1955 Wendy Sacks, Rochester, USA โ€“ Immersed in Living Water

แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜: แƒ—แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒšแƒฐแƒแƒ แƒœแƒ˜ Curated by Tina Schelhorn 22


แƒ˜แƒšแƒ–แƒ” แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒ˜ โ€“ แƒแƒ•แƒขแƒแƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜ 1931 Ilse Bing โ€“ Self Portrait 1931 23



แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒœ แƒ’แƒšแƒ”แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ โ€“ แƒ›แƒฌแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ” แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ’แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜, 2007 โ€“ แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ โ€œแƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒญแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜โ€ Karen Glaser โ€“ Green Gator, 2007 โ€“ From the series โ€œSprings and Swampsโ€

แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ—แƒกแƒ˜ แƒจแƒœแƒแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ โ€“ แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ โ€œแƒขแƒ™แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒญแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜โ€ Betsy Schneider โ€“ From the series โ€œSweet is the Swampโ€ 25


แƒ แƒ”แƒ’แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒคแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜ โ€“ แƒกแƒฃแƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒฅแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜, แƒ‘แƒ แƒฃแƒ™แƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜, แƒœแƒ˜แƒฃ แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ˜, 1999 โ€“ แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ โ€œแƒ›แƒขแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒจแƒแƒ แƒกโ€

แƒ แƒ”แƒ’แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒคแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜ โ€“ แƒฏแƒ”แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ, แƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒ˜, แƒ‘แƒ แƒฃแƒ™แƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜, แƒœแƒ˜แƒฃ แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ˜, 1999 โ€“ แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ โ€œแƒ›แƒขแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒจแƒแƒ แƒกโ€

Regina Monfort โ€“ Sweetie and Sonya, Borinquen, Brooklyn, New York, 1999 โ€“ From the series โ€œNo Crybabiesโ€

Regina Monfort โ€“ Jackie and Sofia, Coney Island, Brooklyn, New York, 1999 โ€“ From the series โ€œNo Crybabiesโ€

26


แƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒœ แƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒฉแƒ˜ โ€“ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒขแƒ, แƒ”แƒ™แƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ แƒ˜ 1997 โ€“ แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ โ€œแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ“โ€ Mary Ann Lynch โ€“ Quito, Ecuador 1997 โ€“ From the series โ€œForever Marilynโ€

27

แƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ โ€“ แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ โ€œแƒกแƒแƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ›แƒ แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒ˜โ€ Linda Troeller โ€“ From the series โ€œThe Chelsea Hotelโ€


แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ› แƒžแƒแƒœแƒฉแƒฃแƒ™แƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ› แƒžแƒแƒœแƒฉแƒฃแƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ 1978 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก. แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒจแƒแƒ•แƒแƒจแƒ˜. แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ”, แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒ˜แƒฅ, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒกแƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒžแƒแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅ แƒžแƒแƒ–แƒœแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒงแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ. แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒžแƒแƒœแƒฉแƒฃแƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒกแƒ•แƒแƒ›แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ  แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒแƒคแƒแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“, แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ— แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ”แƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒก แƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒแƒ‘แƒ, แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒชแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ—แƒฃ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒšแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“,

แƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒ›แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒœแƒ˜แƒญแƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒงแƒแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒžแƒแƒœแƒฉแƒฃแƒ™แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒŸแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฏแƒ˜แƒšแƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒžแƒแƒ•แƒ. แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜ โ€œแƒกแƒžแƒฃแƒขแƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒกโ€ แƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒ. 71-แƒ” แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ  แƒกแƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒฏแƒ˜แƒšแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒœ โ€œแƒ™แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒกโ€ แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒกแƒ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒ’แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒฏแƒ˜แƒšแƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒžแƒแƒ•แƒ. แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ 2013 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก Paris Photo-Aperture Foundation-แƒ˜แƒก Photobook Awards-แƒ–แƒ” แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒ’แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ แƒžแƒแƒšแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒจแƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ”แƒ—แƒจแƒ˜, แƒแƒจแƒจ-แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ.แƒจ.

แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฏแƒแƒญแƒ•แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒœ แƒ˜แƒ› แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฌแƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒช แƒ—แƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒซแƒ˜แƒšแƒ–แƒ” แƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ, โ€œแƒ™แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒกโ€ แƒฃแƒฌแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ, แƒžแƒแƒšแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒ—-แƒ”แƒ แƒ— แƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ–แƒ”, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒžแƒแƒšแƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ. แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ— แƒฉแƒ”แƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ แƒขแƒงแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ—. แƒกแƒ˜แƒขแƒงแƒ•แƒ โ€œแƒ™แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ‘แƒกโ€ แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒ”แƒ—แƒ•แƒ” แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฆแƒกแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒฎแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒญแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’ แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ โ€“ แƒแƒœแƒฃ แƒ˜แƒ› แƒคแƒ”แƒกแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ™แƒฃแƒœแƒซแƒก แƒ”แƒซแƒแƒฎแƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ,

แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฌแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒญแƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ” แƒ”แƒก แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ”แƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ— โ€“ แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒฃแƒคแƒแƒšแƒ—แƒแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒฉแƒแƒ›แƒแƒจแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒกแƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒกแƒแƒช แƒ™แƒ˜. แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ— แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฌแƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฏแƒแƒญแƒ•แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒฎแƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ  แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒฃแƒคแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ. แƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ•แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒ™แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ, แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒชแƒ”แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฌแƒแƒ“, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒช แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’ แƒฃแƒ™แƒ•แƒ” แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ.

แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒฎแƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒก, โ€œแƒฉแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒแƒกโ€ แƒ›แƒแƒงแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒš แƒšแƒฃแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœแƒ™แƒแƒ“แƒแƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒžแƒแƒšแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—-แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒก แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒกแƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒš แƒฌแƒ”แƒกแƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒ“แƒแƒงแƒ แƒ“แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒจแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ—แƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒฌแƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ. แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒกแƒแƒฆแƒแƒ›แƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒแƒ™แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ“.

แƒ”แƒ แƒ— แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒก, แƒฎแƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“, แƒ›แƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒฏแƒแƒฎแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒจแƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒฏแƒ”แƒ  แƒ™แƒ˜, แƒ”แƒ แƒ— แƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒแƒ™แƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒแƒ‘แƒ—แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒ“แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ—, แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒงแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ—แƒฃ แƒกแƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒ— แƒกแƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒ. แƒกแƒฃแƒš แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒแƒก, แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒงแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“ แƒกแƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒกแƒฎแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ›แƒ”.

แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜: แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ

28


แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ โ€œแƒ™แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜โ€ From the series โ€œKarczebyโ€ 29


Adam Paล„czuk

Adam Paล„czuk (b. 1978) lives in Warsaw. In his work he travels to wherever he finds an interesting subject. He studied at the University of Economics and photography at the Multimedia Communication Department of the Academy of Fine Arts in Poznaล„. With his projects Paล„czuk seems to be asking questions, at the same time directly and metaphorically, about identity, consciousness and attitude towards life of the people he meets along the way. His unique skill to tell gripping yet intimate stories with images has won him many prestigious awards to date. Adam is member of Sputnik Photos. Adam is represented by La Galerie Particuliรจre and Picturetank, Paris, France.

He was awarded Best Photography Book Award in the 71st annual Pictures of the Year International for โ€œKarczebyโ€ in 2014, nominated in the First Photobook of the Year at the Paris PhotoAperture Foundation Photobook Awards 2013, Pictures of the Year International, II prize for picture story in category Portrait Series in 2011, Magnum Expression Award 1st Honorable Mention in 2009, BZ WBK Press Photo I prize for picture story in category /Portratuire/ in 2009, Grand Press Photo I prize for picture story in category People in 2009, etc. His solo exhibitions were held in Poland, France, USA, Korea, etc.

Karczeby / Karczebs In one of the dialects spoken in the east of Poland, which is a mixture of Polish and Belorussian, people strongly attached to the soil they had been cultivating for generations were called โ€œKarczebsโ€. With their bare hands Karczebs cleared forests in order to grow crops. The word Karczeb was also used to describe what remains after a tree is cut down โ€“ a trunk with roots,

which remains stuck in the ground. This also applied to people - it was not easy for the authorities to root them out from their land, even in the Stalinism times. The price they paid for their attachment to their soil was often their freedom or life. After death, buried nearby their farmland, a Karczeb himself became the soil, later cultivated by his descendants.

Actors Amateur actors from the local folk theater โ€œCzeladonkaโ€ from Lubenka, near the border between Poland and Belarus. They perform scenes based on old customs and rituals, cultivated by generations. The actors are farmers, who work in the fields during the day. They only have evenings to work on their plays.

One show is often played by a whole family. Sometimes even three generations of actors take part in one performance. Staging takes place outdoor in different parts of the village. The audience follows the actors as they move with their stage. In the end, the actors together with the spectators join a feast.

Curated by Dina Oganova

30


แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ โ€œแƒ™แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜โ€ From the series โ€œKarczebyโ€ 31


แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ โ€œแƒ›แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜โ€ From the series โ€œActorsโ€ 32


แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ โ€œแƒ›แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜โ€ From the series โ€œActorsโ€ 33


แƒคแƒแƒฃแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒžแƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒฃแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒžแƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒจแƒ˜ (แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ) แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒจแƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ  แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒ•แƒแƒฌแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒ”แƒšแƒขแƒ”แƒฅแƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒขแƒ”แƒฅแƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ— แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒฎแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒžแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒ›แƒแƒœ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒฎแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒœแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒฏแƒแƒœ แƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒžแƒแƒ•แƒ. แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ, แƒ›แƒแƒœ แƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒœแƒข- แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ“แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ  แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒฌแƒ แƒแƒคแƒแƒ“แƒ•แƒ” แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ—แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒ“ แƒกแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒแƒŸแƒ แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ. แƒžแƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒขแƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒขแƒแƒ  แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒขแƒแƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ–แƒฃแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฃแƒ–แƒ”แƒฃแƒ›แƒจแƒ˜ (MIFAV), แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒ›แƒญแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒจแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ— แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒชแƒ. แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒฃแƒš แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ“แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ›แƒแƒœ แƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒขแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ“แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ แƒแƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ. แƒแƒ› แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒฆแƒ แƒ แƒ”แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒแƒŸแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒฃแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ™แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒแƒ›แƒŸแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ“ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ  แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒก. 2009 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก, แƒ›แƒแƒœ

แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ  แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ™แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒ• WSP-แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒจแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ, แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ 2010 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜ WSP-แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒแƒ“, แƒซแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ“ แƒฏแƒ’แƒฃแƒคแƒฃแƒ  แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ”, แƒ˜แƒกแƒ” แƒกแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒแƒŸแƒ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ“. แƒแƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ”แƒ— แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ—แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒฎแƒแƒ แƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ, แƒ›แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒจแƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒช แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒฆแƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ“, แƒ แƒ”แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒแƒŸแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒœแƒแƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ–แƒฆแƒฃแƒ“แƒฃแƒšแƒ—แƒ แƒกแƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ–แƒ”, แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ—แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒฌแƒ”แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒšแƒชแƒฐแƒแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒ”. แƒžแƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒฎแƒ”แƒš แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ›แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒœแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ™แƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ แƒšแƒฃแƒ›แƒžแƒฃแƒ แƒจแƒ˜, แƒžแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ‘แƒฃแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒก แƒแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒจแƒ˜. แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒซแƒ˜แƒšแƒ–แƒ”, แƒ›แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฏแƒ˜แƒšแƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒžแƒแƒ•แƒ, แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก World Press Photo (2013), Sony Awards (2013), PX3 (2013), SDN Documentary Prize (2013), โ€œLa quatrieme Imageโ€ (2013), โ€œThe Circle of Lifeโ€ (2013), FIOF-แƒ˜แƒก 2011 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜, World Report Awards (2011), PDN (2012), Winephoto (2012) แƒ“แƒ National Geographic (2009).

แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒ 1 แƒ˜แƒ•แƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜, 2010 แƒฌ. แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜, แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒฃแƒฆแƒšแƒ” แƒšแƒฃแƒ˜แƒฏแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ” 40 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜ แƒฎแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜. 65 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒจแƒ˜, แƒšแƒฃแƒ˜แƒฏแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒšแƒชแƒฐแƒแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒžแƒขแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ. แƒ”แƒฅแƒ•แƒกแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒซแƒ˜แƒšแƒ–แƒ”, แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒšแƒฃแƒ˜แƒฏแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ” แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒ–แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒ, แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ— แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒจแƒ˜. แƒแƒšแƒชแƒฐแƒแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ›แƒ”แƒฎแƒกแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒ”, แƒคแƒ˜แƒฅแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒœแƒแƒ แƒ–แƒ”, แƒฅแƒชแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒแƒฎแƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒขแƒ˜แƒžแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ›แƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ 36 แƒ›แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ แƒแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒก

แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒฎแƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ• แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒš แƒแƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒชแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒจแƒ˜แƒช แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ. แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒš แƒ”แƒขแƒแƒžแƒ–แƒ”, แƒšแƒฃแƒ˜แƒฏแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ™แƒ•แƒ” แƒ•แƒ”แƒฆแƒแƒ  แƒฎแƒ•แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ, แƒ แƒ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœ แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ-แƒฉแƒแƒœแƒ’แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒกแƒแƒญแƒ›แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœ แƒญแƒแƒ›แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒฌแƒงแƒ•แƒ˜แƒขแƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒแƒฆแƒแƒ  แƒจแƒ”แƒ”แƒซแƒšแƒ แƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒก แƒฆแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ›แƒ แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ›แƒ แƒกแƒแƒแƒ—แƒ›แƒ โ€“ แƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒ— แƒซแƒ˜แƒšแƒ›แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฆแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ— แƒกแƒ˜แƒคแƒฎแƒ˜แƒ–แƒšแƒ”แƒ› โ€“ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒก แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒ›แƒ˜แƒช แƒจแƒ”แƒแƒ แƒงแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ“แƒแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒฎแƒฃแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒšแƒฃแƒ˜แƒฏแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒ”แƒฆแƒแƒ  แƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ  แƒ›แƒ”แƒฃแƒฆแƒšแƒ”แƒก. แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜ 2011 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒกแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒชแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒฏแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฌแƒแƒšแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒœ.

แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜: แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ

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FAUSTO PODAVINI Fausto Podavini was born in Rome, Italy and works in his hometown. After graduating as an industrial technician specialized in electronics, he completed the Masters in Reportage at the John Kaverdash Academy of Photography in Milan. He started his photographic career as an assistant and studio photographer, quickly shifting to almost exclusively reportage work. Fausto was involved with MIFAV (Museum of the Photographic Image and Visual Arts) at the University of Rome โ€“ Tor Vergata, where he had the chance to work closely with many photographers and familiarize himself with their works. Once he had completely abandoned studio photography and started freelancing for various NGOs to realize reportages in Italy, Peru, Kenya, and Ethiopia, where he is currently working on some personal projects. In 2009, he started collaborating with the Italian collective

of photography WSP, officially becoming a member in 2010; he has since worked with WSP both as a photographer, particularly for collaborative projects, and as a reportage photography teacher. In addition to numerous projects in Africa, South America, and India, he has also done important projects in his home country, such as reportages on disabled sports, youth correctional facility, and Alzheimerโ€™s disease. He has been exhibited in many places including Rome, Milan, Kuala Lumpur, Paris, Buenos Aires and over the years, received numerous awards, including World Press Photo 2013, Sony Awards 2013, PX3 2013, SDN Documentary Prize 2013, โ€œLa quatrieme Imageโ€ 2013, โ€œThe Circle of Lifeโ€ 2013, FIOF photographer of the year 2011, World Report Awards 2011, PDN 2012, Winephoto 2012, and National Geographic 2009.

MIRELLA 01 June, 2010 Rome, Italy Mirella was married to her husband Luigi for over 40 years. At the age of 65, Luigi began to show symptoms of Alzheimerโ€™s disease. For six years, Mirella cared for Luigi herself, at home in Rome. Alzheimerโ€™s is a progressive degenerative illness that can affect memory, thinking, behavior, and emotion, and is the most common type of dementia. Over 36 million worldwide people live with dementia, and numbers are increasing as populations age. For Mirella, it meant that everyday tasks

became long and difficult operations involving both of them. At one point Luigi seemed no longer to understand what the cutlery and food set before him were for, and stopped eating. He appeared unable to distinguish between day and night, and his confused body clockโ€”sleeping during the day, and staying awake at nightโ€”disrupted Mirellaโ€™s daily rhythm, too. After five years of the disease, Luigi no longer recognized his wife. He died in May 2011, with Mirella and their family at his bedside.

Curated by Dina Oganova

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แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ (แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ•แƒ” แƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ) แƒจแƒขแƒแƒขแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒจแƒ” แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜ 1987 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก 26 แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ. 2009 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก, แƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ” แƒฏแƒแƒ•แƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒฌแƒ˜แƒคแƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒขแƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ–แƒœแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒ”แƒขแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒแƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ. 2005-2006 แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒฉแƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ™แƒแƒšแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ. แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒแƒก แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒฅแƒจแƒแƒคแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒฆแƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ, แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒ แƒ—แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒก (2011, 2012, 2013 แƒฌแƒฌ.), แƒ™แƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ โ€œแƒ”แƒ™แƒแƒกแƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒกโ€ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ—แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒกแƒœแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜. 2012 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก, แƒ›แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒžแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒคแƒแƒœแƒ“ แƒฆแƒ˜แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ˜ แƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก, แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ”แƒ— แƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒ™แƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก, แƒแƒ•แƒฆแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก, แƒžแƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒฆแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒกแƒฌแƒ แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒŸแƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒฅแƒจแƒแƒžแƒก แƒ—แƒฃแƒ แƒฅแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅ แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒจแƒ˜. 2013 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก, แƒ›แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ World

Press Photo-แƒก Joop Swart Masterclass-แƒจแƒ˜ (แƒแƒ›แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜, แƒœแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ˜). แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒšแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฏแƒ’แƒฃแƒคแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ•แƒจแƒ˜ (แƒฃแƒ™แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ), แƒ—แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒกแƒจแƒ˜ (แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ), แƒกแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ›แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒžแƒจแƒ˜ (แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒฏแƒ), แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒœแƒ˜แƒฃแƒกแƒจแƒ˜ (แƒšแƒ˜แƒขแƒ•แƒ), แƒœแƒ˜แƒฃ แƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒจแƒ˜ (แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜), แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒแƒžแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒจแƒ˜ (แƒแƒจแƒจ), แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ™แƒฐแƒแƒšแƒ›แƒจแƒ˜ (แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜), แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒแƒจแƒ˜ (แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒšแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒจแƒ˜), แƒ™แƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒœแƒ˜ (แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ), แƒแƒšแƒจแƒขแƒ˜แƒœแƒจแƒ˜ (แƒžแƒแƒšแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜) แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒžแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒฏแƒ˜แƒšแƒ“แƒ, แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก 2013 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒ แƒ—แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒก แƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜ (แƒ—แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ), โ€œแƒจแƒแƒ•-แƒ—แƒ”แƒ—แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ‘แƒโ€ แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒกแƒ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ โ€œแƒŸแƒแƒœแƒ แƒ˜โ€ (แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜, แƒฃแƒ™แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ) แƒ“แƒ แƒ.แƒจ. แƒฃแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒขแƒ•แƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒ›แƒแƒ”แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ”, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒ แƒ–แƒฃแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก โ€œแƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ˜โ€ แƒ“แƒ แƒœแƒแƒœแƒ แƒ”แƒฅแƒ•แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ›แƒ˜ โ€œแƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜โ€.

แƒ›แƒ” โ€“ แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ โ€œแƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒงแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ โ€œแƒ—แƒ”แƒ›แƒโ€ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ›, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒแƒฅ แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ” แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ”, แƒฃแƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ›, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒกโ€ฆ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒจแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒช แƒ›แƒ” แƒ•แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ•, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒšแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ›แƒขแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒฃแƒ–แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒงแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒกโ€ฆ โ€œ

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dina oganova Dina Oganova (a.k.a. Dikarka) is a freelance photographer. She was born on January 26, 1987. In 2009, she graduated from the Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Faculty of Business and Economy. From 2005 to 2006 Dina Oganova studied at Yuri Mechitov Photography Art School. She attended various workshops at Kolga Tbilisi Photo (2011, 2012, 2013), Ecosign Academy for Design in Cologne (2012), etc. In 2012, she received Open Society Foundations Grant for Photographers from Central Asia, the South Caucasus, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Mongolia and attended Thomas Dworzakโ€™s workshops in Istanbul, Turkey. In 2013, she took part in World Press Photoโ€™s

The Joop Swart Masterclass (Amsterdam, the Netherlands). Her personal as well as group exhibitions were held in Kiev (Ukraine), Tbilisi (Georgia), Siem Reap (Cambodia), Vilnius (Lithuania), New Delhi (India), Minneapolis (USA), Stockholm (Sweden), Dhaka (Bangladesh), Cologne (Germany), Olsztyn (Poland), etc. She has won numerous prizes and awards, including Kolga Tbilisi Photo 2013 Special Prize (Tbilisi, Georgia), Black And White Mood, Best Art Vision Nomination โ€œGenreโ€ (Kiev, Ukraine), etc. She worked as a set photographer for several feature films, including โ€œDinosaurโ€ by Margo Zubashvili, โ€œIn Bloomโ€ by Nana Ekvtimishvili and Simon Gross, among others.

I AM georgia Georgia is a small country. Its located on the border of Europe and Asia on the coast of Black sea. Formally part of the Soviet Union, its border Russia, Turkey, Azerbaijan and Armenia. The population of the whole country is around 4 Million 1/3 of which lives in the capital โ€“ Tbilisi. Georgia is my favorite topic to shoot, not because I was born or brought up here, but because everything is special hereโ€ฆ I wanted to show my real Georgia, which I love everyday more and more.

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แƒ™แƒšแƒแƒฃแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒšแƒแƒฃแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ™แƒ•แƒ” 25 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜. แƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒขแƒ”แƒขแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒแƒ™แƒแƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒฎแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒžแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒ แƒ˜แƒฉแƒแƒ แƒ“ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœแƒกแƒแƒœแƒ—แƒแƒœ, แƒฏแƒ แƒ”แƒœ แƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ—แƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒ—แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ”แƒœ แƒ‘แƒ˜. แƒกแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“ แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ. แƒ›แƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ” แƒฎแƒœแƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒœ แƒคแƒ แƒแƒœแƒชแƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒแƒก แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒœแƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒขแƒฃแƒขแƒจแƒ˜ แƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒฏแƒ”แƒ™ แƒคแƒแƒšแƒขแƒแƒœแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“ แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ. แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ—แƒ”แƒš แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜: แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒจแƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒจแƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก แƒฃแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒ; แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ— แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒœแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒแƒœแƒฉแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ“ แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ; แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒšแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒจแƒจแƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒคแƒ˜แƒ แƒ–แƒ” แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ•แƒแƒญแƒ แƒ แƒฎแƒแƒ›แƒแƒšแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒกแƒ™แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ, แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒจแƒšแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒฆแƒ‘แƒ”แƒญแƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ

แƒ›แƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒก, แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ›แƒงแƒแƒคแƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒฆแƒ. 2011 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก, แƒคแƒฃแƒšแƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒžแƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ›แƒแƒœ แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒšแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒจแƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒจแƒขแƒแƒ‘แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ.แƒ™แƒšแƒแƒฃแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒš แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒแƒœแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ, แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒแƒœแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜. แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ— แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ. 2011 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ–แƒแƒคแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ 2011 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒก แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒ. แƒแƒฅ, 81 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ” โ€“ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜, แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ 101 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ” แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒฃแƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜. แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜, แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ”, แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒขแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒœ. แƒ™แƒšแƒแƒฃแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒจแƒ˜ (แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜) แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒ•แƒแƒฌแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒก.

แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒกแƒฌแƒแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒซแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ, แƒ™แƒแƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ–แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒกแƒฌแƒแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒšแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒจแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ— แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ—แƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ— แƒกแƒฃแƒ‘แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒšแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒจแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ— แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒ•แƒก, แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒขแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒแƒกแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ˜แƒ แƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒกแƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ. แƒ˜แƒฅแƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒกแƒฌแƒแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒ. แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒแƒ› แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ  แƒ แƒ”แƒ’แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜, แƒ”แƒ—แƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“, แƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒ›แƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœ, แƒแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒช, แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒแƒฎแƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒฏแƒ’แƒฃแƒคแƒ›แƒ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ–แƒ” แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ, แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒซแƒ˜แƒšแƒ–แƒ”. แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒกแƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒแƒ“ แƒฐแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ“แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒ—แƒ แƒšแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒœแƒแƒฅแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒ. แƒชแƒแƒšแƒ™แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฏแƒฃแƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒแƒญแƒ™แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒแƒฉแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ, แƒ—แƒฃแƒ›แƒชแƒ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒซแƒแƒคแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒฉแƒแƒฅแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜, แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒขแƒ แƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ—แƒแƒ™แƒจแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒแƒฌแƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ. แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒšแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒจแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ— แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ— แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒกแƒฌแƒแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ 2010 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ”. แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ, แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ แƒแƒก แƒ–แƒ”แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ, แƒแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒช, แƒ แƒแƒกแƒแƒช แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒฏแƒ”แƒ  แƒœแƒแƒ™แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒงแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ”แƒฅแƒชแƒ”แƒ•แƒ, แƒแƒœ แƒฃแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒจแƒ˜ โ€“ แƒ’แƒแƒฅแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒกแƒแƒ. แƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒชแƒแƒ“แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜, แƒ›แƒ”แƒ˜แƒœแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ, แƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜, แƒ˜แƒ› แƒ แƒฌแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒกแƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“. แƒ›แƒ” แƒแƒ แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ“

แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜: แƒ—แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒšแƒฐแƒแƒ แƒœแƒ˜

แƒคแƒแƒฅแƒขแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒ”แƒœ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒฌแƒ แƒแƒคแƒแƒ“แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒจแƒ”แƒฃแƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ, แƒแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ–แƒฃแƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒชแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก โ€“ แƒกแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒ”แƒœ. แƒแƒกแƒ” แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒคแƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒฅแƒ”แƒชแƒ˜. แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒกแƒฌแƒแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒก, แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ แƒแƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒแƒขแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ. แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก, แƒ•แƒ–แƒ”แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ‘แƒ— แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒก, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ•แƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ—; แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ”แƒก แƒฎแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒก แƒ˜แƒ› แƒ’แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒฃแƒ™แƒ•แƒ” แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ  แƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ  แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ—แƒฃแƒ›แƒชแƒ แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒช แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒฉแƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก. แƒกแƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“แƒแƒช, แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒœแƒแƒ™แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒก, แƒจแƒ”แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒแƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฎแƒกแƒœแƒ, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒ” แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒฎแƒกแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒœแƒก แƒ”แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜. แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒกแƒฌแƒแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ•แƒ˜แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒžแƒ แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒกแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—; แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒ˜แƒฅ, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒฎแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒก แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ—แƒแƒœ, แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒ‘แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ, แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒแƒชแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒ— แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ  แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ–แƒ”. แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒกแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒ—, แƒกแƒแƒฌแƒงแƒ˜แƒกแƒก แƒ•แƒฃแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—. แƒ“แƒฐแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒขแƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒ•แƒ แƒ, แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒฆแƒ”แƒ แƒ; แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœ แƒ•แƒ–แƒ”แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ‘แƒ— แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒซแƒ˜แƒ แƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒฎแƒ›แƒ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒœแƒแƒ—, แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ’แƒแƒ— แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ“ แƒแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ—, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒœแƒแƒ— แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ แƒ›แƒฎแƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“, แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒฃแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ“, แƒšแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒแƒ“, แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒฅแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒ‘แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒฉแƒแƒ˜แƒขแƒ แƒ แƒกแƒแƒœแƒ™แƒ แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ˜, แƒจแƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒแƒšแƒ˜, แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒšแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ Chaitra Sankkranti, Srimangal, Bangladesh 46



Claudio Cambon Claudio Cambon has been a documentary photographer for over 25 years, since obtaining his undergraduate degree from Yale University, where he studied with Richard Benson, Jo Ann Walters and Stephen B. Smith. He also studied briefly at the San Francisco Art Institute with Linda Connor and Jack Fulton. He has photographed all over the world: in Italy and Germany, where his parents are from and where he has lived for various periods of his life, across the American West, where he worked as a hand on cattle ranches, in Bangladesh, where he documented the last voyage, breaking and recycling of

an American merchant ship, and in Mexico, where he photographed life in the rural, indigenous areas of the country. In 2011 he began a long-term project about religious festivals in Bangladesh and Eastern India under the auspices of a Fulbright fellowship. Claudio has exhibited, lectured, and been published and collected internationally. In the summer of 2011, his work formed part of the Italy Pavilion at the 2011 Venice Biennale, 81 years after his grandmother and 101 years after his grandfather, both painters, last exhibited there. He lives in Paris, France.

Festivals, Violence, Catharsis

Religious Celebrations in Bangladesh and Eastern india

โ€œThe Eastern Subcontinent, which comprises Bangladesh and parts of India, is an area of exceedingly rich cultural traditions and immense diversity, and its festivals testify to this considerable wealth. They bear witness to the long histories of the many ethnic, religious, and linguistic communities who make up this unique region, and to the ways in which these various groups have influenced each other and borrowed from one another for centuries. Their largely harmonious co-presence and occasional convergence are evidence of a beautiful and intricately woven cultural fabric. Single jute fibers may break with a tug, but if spun into twine, they become harder to tear, and when braided together into rope, they are almost unbreakable. I began to document festivals across Bangladesh and in parts of eastern India in 2010. I aim to valorize not only what is often celebrated, but also what is sometimes overlooked, or worse, at risk of disappearing. I have attempted to consider both old and new, mainstream and eccentric, central and local in the belief that each element is equally significant to understanding the many cultures of this area. I have aspired not so much to a factual

Curated by Tina Shelhorn

or objective totality, in and of itself impossible, but to a different sense of accuracy, a spirit of truthfulness in beauty. And I have also done so in order to consider a more fundamental notion. Festivals exalt the everyday substance of our lives. They are extraordinary expressions of the ordinary, of an ever present sacred. At such moments we commemorate what we have always known, perhaps in ways that no longer make logical sense, but which nevertheless hold their resonance for us. In fact, it may matter less whether we are able to explain such rituals than to recall their purpose. Festivals tie us to who we have always been and who we are becoming; they are a present wherein we remember our past and dream our future in relation to one another, the natural world that surrounds us, the universe, ourselves. Through the historic to the mythic, we thus arrive at the elemental. The dhul drum sounds, a mystic claps, devotees chant; we celebrate to feel the pulse of our own ancient heart, to know how old and young we are at the same time, to feel life itself coursing through and around us all, joyfully, rawly, beautifully, riotously.

แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ, แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒฉแƒ˜, แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒšแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ Bonbibi Mela, Kalinchi, Bangladesh

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แƒ›แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ™ แƒจแƒแƒฐแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ™แƒฃแƒœแƒซแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒฃแƒขแƒฃแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ, แƒฉแƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ˜, แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒšแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ Malek Shah Orosh, Kutubdia Island, Chittagong, Bangladesh

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แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒแƒœแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒฃ, แƒ™แƒแƒฅแƒก-แƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒแƒ แƒ˜, แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒšแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒจแƒ˜

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Prabaranna, Ramu, Coxโ€™s Bazar, Bangladesh


แƒœแƒแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ 1972 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก, แƒœแƒแƒฐแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜. แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒžแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ  แƒแƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒงแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก. แƒ—แƒ”แƒš แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒขแƒ”แƒขแƒจแƒ˜ แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒก, แƒ›แƒแƒœ แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ–แƒœแƒ”แƒก แƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒฎแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒžแƒแƒ•แƒ, แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ™แƒแƒšแƒแƒจแƒ˜ (แƒœแƒ˜แƒฃ แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ˜) แƒ›แƒแƒœ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒฎแƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒฃแƒคแƒšแƒ, แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒช แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ แƒจแƒ˜ (ICP) แƒžแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ. แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒœแƒ˜แƒฃ แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒจแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒกแƒแƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ โ€œแƒžแƒแƒšแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฏแƒ˜แƒกโ€-แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒœแƒแƒกแƒขแƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ—, แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ›แƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก.แƒœแƒแƒ—แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒš แƒกแƒแƒšแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฏแƒ’แƒฃแƒคแƒฃแƒ  แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒจแƒ”แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒจแƒขแƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒžแƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ”แƒ— แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒšแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒฐแƒ˜แƒฃแƒกแƒขแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฃแƒ–แƒ”แƒฃแƒ›แƒจแƒ˜; แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฃแƒ–แƒ”แƒฃแƒ›แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ™แƒšแƒ˜แƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฃแƒ–แƒ”แƒฃแƒ›แƒจแƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒœแƒขแƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒแƒก แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฃแƒ–แƒ”แƒฃแƒ›แƒจแƒ˜, แƒแƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฃแƒ–แƒ”แƒฃแƒ›แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ“แƒ”แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒœแƒ แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒฉแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ”แƒ—-แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฃแƒ–แƒ”แƒฃแƒ›แƒจแƒ˜, แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ โ€œแƒ‘แƒšแƒฃ แƒกแƒ™แƒแƒ˜แƒจแƒ˜โ€, แƒœแƒ˜แƒฃ แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ โ€œแƒแƒœแƒแƒกแƒขแƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒ

แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒจแƒ˜โ€, แƒฉแƒ˜แƒ’แƒแƒ™แƒแƒก แƒจแƒœแƒแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒฐแƒ˜แƒฃแƒกแƒขแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ•แƒฃแƒ“แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฃแƒ–แƒ”แƒฃแƒ›แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ‘แƒฃแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒก แƒแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ—แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ–แƒ”, แƒ“แƒฃแƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฃแƒ–แƒ”แƒฃแƒ›แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒกแƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒจแƒ˜, แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒกแƒ–แƒ”, แƒ“แƒ˜แƒฃแƒกแƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒแƒ แƒคแƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ–แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒฃแƒ  แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ”, แƒ—แƒ”แƒš แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฃแƒ–แƒ”แƒฃแƒ›แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ-แƒžแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ  แƒ›แƒฃแƒ–แƒ”แƒฃแƒ›แƒจแƒ˜ โ€œแƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ–แƒ”โ€. แƒœแƒแƒ—แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒญแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒ•แƒแƒœ แƒกแƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก โ€œแƒœแƒ˜แƒฃ แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ™ แƒ—แƒแƒ˜แƒ›แƒกแƒจแƒ˜โ€, โ€œแƒœแƒ˜แƒฃแƒกแƒฃแƒ˜แƒ™แƒจแƒ˜โ€, โ€œแƒฃแƒแƒš แƒกแƒ—แƒ แƒ˜แƒ— แƒฏแƒแƒ แƒœแƒแƒšแƒจแƒ˜โ€, โ€œแƒจแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒœแƒจแƒ˜โ€, โ€œแƒคแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒกแƒจแƒ˜โ€, โ€œแƒ—แƒแƒ˜แƒ›แƒกแƒจแƒ˜โ€, โ€œแƒ“แƒ”แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ˜แƒšแƒจแƒ˜โ€, โ€œแƒžแƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒฉแƒจแƒ˜โ€, โ€œแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒจแƒ˜โ€ แƒ“แƒ โ€œแƒคแƒ˜แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒแƒจแƒ˜โ€. แƒœแƒแƒ—แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒฆแƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฏแƒ˜แƒšแƒ“แƒ แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒžแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜, แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒฏแƒ˜แƒšแƒ“แƒ (POYi), แƒคแƒแƒขแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒ— แƒœแƒ˜แƒฃแƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฏแƒ˜แƒšแƒ“แƒ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒฏแƒ˜แƒšแƒ“แƒ, แƒกแƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒฏแƒ˜แƒšแƒ“แƒ (IPA), แƒœแƒ˜แƒฃ แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒฏแƒ˜แƒšแƒ“แƒ, แƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒกแƒ 50-แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜, แƒจแƒแƒ•-แƒ—แƒ”แƒ—แƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒžแƒแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒฏแƒ˜แƒšแƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฏแƒ˜แƒšแƒ“แƒ แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒจแƒ˜.

แƒ แƒฌแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒฌแƒ แƒแƒคแƒแƒ“ แƒชแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒคแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒœแƒกแƒฃแƒ  แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒฃแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒญแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ แƒžแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ, แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒชแƒ”แƒคแƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ  แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒœแƒแƒ‘ แƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก. แƒ˜แƒœแƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ›แƒ แƒ แƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒ› แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒซแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒšแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒฅแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒจแƒ”แƒฃแƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ—แƒฃแƒ›แƒชแƒ, แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒแƒ“ แƒกแƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“, แƒ แƒฌแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒช แƒ”แƒ แƒ—-แƒ”แƒ แƒ— แƒซแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ“, แƒฃแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒกแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒขแƒฃแƒ  แƒคแƒแƒฅแƒขแƒแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒชแƒแƒšแƒ™แƒ”แƒฃแƒš แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ—แƒฃ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒขแƒ™แƒ˜แƒชแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒš แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒฅแƒชแƒ”แƒ•แƒก. แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ” แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ›แƒแƒช, แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒ” แƒ แƒ”แƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒ“แƒ แƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ , แƒกแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ  แƒ“แƒ แƒžแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ  แƒ แƒฌแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒจแƒ”แƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒฌแƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒงแƒแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, (แƒคแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“) แƒžแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒแƒœแƒแƒ› แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ“แƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก, แƒฅแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ›แƒฃแƒกแƒšแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜

แƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒซแƒ˜แƒœแƒ. แƒ แƒ”แƒ’แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ, แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒš แƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒงแƒ”แƒ• แƒžแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ  แƒกแƒ˜แƒขแƒฃแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒžแƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒฃแƒ  แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒซแƒแƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒก, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒฏแƒแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒแƒขแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒœ แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ  แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒก. แƒ›แƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒฏแƒ”แƒ  แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒช แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒขแƒฃแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒแƒช แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ แƒฌแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒซแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ“แƒแƒชแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒกแƒจแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒœ. แƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒชแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒžแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒฅแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒขแƒฃแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒ แƒ แƒฌแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒแƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒก แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ•; แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒก, แƒ—แƒฃ แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒ›แƒ˜แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒก แƒแƒ›แƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒฎแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒžแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒฌแƒ แƒแƒคแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“, แƒ แƒฌแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒฃแƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒ—แƒฎแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ’แƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒฃแƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ. แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก, แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒจแƒฃแƒฆแƒšแƒ˜แƒก, แƒ“แƒแƒจแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒœแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒช แƒ’แƒแƒแƒฉแƒœแƒ˜แƒ. แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ” แƒกแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒขแƒแƒ–แƒ˜ แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒคแƒแƒœแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒžแƒ˜แƒ . แƒแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ (2006) Amona (2006)

แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜: แƒ—แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒšแƒฐแƒแƒ แƒœแƒ˜ 52



Natan dvir Natan Dvir (b. 1972, Nahariya) is an Israeli photographer who focuses on the human aspects of political, social, and cultural issues. He received his MBA from Tel Aviv University and his MFA in Photography from the School of Visual Arts (NY), after which he became a faculty member at the International Center for Photography (ICP). Based in New York City he photographs around the world represented by Polaris Images photo agency and Anastasia Photo gallery. Natanโ€™s main projects were exhibited in many solo and group exhibitions in the United States, Europe, South America and Israel including the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston; Portland Art Museum, Museum of Contemporary Art Cleveland; Santa Barbara Museum of Art, Blanton Museum of Art, Austin; Southeast Museum of Photography, Daytona Beach; Blue Sky Gallery, Portland; Anastasia Photo Gallery, New York; Schneider Gallery, Chicago; Houston Center for Photography; Center

for Photography at Woodstock; Museo de Antioquia, Medellin; Festival de la Luz, Buenos Aires; War Photography Museum, Dubrovnik; The Central European House of Photography, Bratislava; Christieโ€™s, London; Kultur Bahnhof Eller (Dรผsseldorf), Tel Aviv Museum of Art, and Museum on the Seam (Jerusalem). Natanโ€™s work has been published by leading international publications including The New York Times, Newsweek, Wall Street Journal, Stern, Focus, The Times, Daily Mail, Paris Match, Le Monde, and Le Figaro among others. His work has received recognition wining prizes around the world including Pictures of the Year International (POYi), PDN Photo Annual, American Photography Award, International Photography Award (IPA), New York Photography Festival Award, Critical Mass Top 50, Black & White Spider Award, and the Picture of the Year Award in the Israeli press.

Belief In this rapidly changing world in which career and financial successes are revered, perhaps even idolized, communities, as well as the concept of personal identities and how they are presented within society are greatly evolving. The information revolution shortened distances between people enabling interactions never before possible. Yet even in these exciting times belief continues to be one of the basic, most significant, and profound factors defining and shaping individuals and societies alike. Having been raised in Israel, I was regularly exposed to strong religious, social, and political beliefs and ideas from an early age. Holy sites situated throughout Israel make the (physically) small country extremely important for Jews, Christians, Muslim, and many other religions. The regionโ€™s history combined with the volatile political situ-

ation today, result in a complex and intense reality in which people emphatically and publicly express themselves. I am fascinated and sometimes frightened by the extreme situations people reach in the pursuit and defense of their beliefs. By documenting religious ceremonies, political events and situations of conflict throughout Israel, I explore the various sides of how people practice their beliefs, the places it brings them to and the scenes in which they take part. Regardless of specific religious or political affinities, belief can provide a sense of community, belonging, safety, and understanding, yet might also provoke hatred, separation, and aggressiveness. Tranquility vs. anger; ecstasy vs. rage; understanding vs. fanaticism.

Curator: Tina Shelhorn แƒจแƒขแƒ”แƒขแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก (2005) The Shtetl Is Burning (2005) 54


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แƒžแƒแƒ แƒแƒกแƒ™แƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒšแƒแƒชแƒ•แƒ (2009) Friday Prayer (2009)

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แƒฅแƒ•แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒจแƒ”แƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ (2008) Touching the Stone (2008)


แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒ Eastreet แƒแƒ› แƒขแƒ˜แƒžแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒจแƒขแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ— แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒฃแƒฉแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒแƒ  แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒ–แƒ” แƒœแƒแƒ™แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒฏแƒแƒ›แƒจแƒ˜ 4 แƒแƒ—แƒแƒกแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ—, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒ แƒ›แƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒก, แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ, แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ” แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ. แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒ”แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜, แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ, แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ—แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ›แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒขแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒคแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒกแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒ˜แƒ แƒ–แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”. แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒ”แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒชแƒ”แƒคแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ: แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒžแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฏแƒแƒ แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒขแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒฃแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ™แƒ”แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒแƒฆแƒ‘แƒ”แƒญแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒกแƒžแƒแƒœแƒขแƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜, แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ›แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒช แƒแƒกแƒ” แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒงแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒก แƒฅแƒฃแƒฉแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ. Eastreet-แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ— แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒแƒแƒ“ แƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒฃแƒฉแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒชแƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ. แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœ แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ— แƒ แƒ”แƒ’แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒš แƒกแƒแƒฏแƒแƒ แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ  แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒ–แƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒœแƒแƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒฎแƒกแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜. แƒฅแƒฃแƒฉแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ แƒ แƒ”แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒแƒŸแƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ”แƒ แƒฎแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ’แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒฆแƒ‘แƒ”แƒญแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒแƒš แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ  แƒกแƒ˜แƒขแƒฃแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒแƒกแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒ—แƒ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ—แƒ แƒฏแƒแƒญแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก; แƒ’แƒ•แƒ”แƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ

แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒกแƒแƒช แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ” แƒ’แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ— แƒฉแƒแƒ•แƒฃแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒ— แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ›แƒ”, แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒงแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒแƒ  แƒ•แƒแƒฅแƒชแƒ”แƒ•แƒ—. แƒฅแƒฃแƒฉแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜ แƒแƒ› แƒœแƒแƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒจแƒ—แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก, แƒ แƒแƒฆแƒแƒช แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒกแƒ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒฃแƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒก. แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ, แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒ. แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒš แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒก, แƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒ–แƒ”แƒ. Eastreet-แƒ˜ แƒแƒ› แƒจแƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒฃแƒกแƒแƒคแƒฃแƒซแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒก แƒฎแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก. แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒœแƒ“แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ“ แƒœแƒแƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ–แƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒฎแƒจแƒ˜แƒ  แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒฅแƒ˜แƒ—แƒ แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ”แƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒกแƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒ—, แƒแƒ แƒแƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒ— แƒฉแƒแƒ›แƒแƒฃแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒจแƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ”แƒญแƒ“แƒแƒ• แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ แƒแƒœแƒแƒ™แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒจแƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒแƒก. Eastreet-แƒ˜, แƒฃแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒก แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ, แƒฅแƒฃแƒฉแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ–แƒ”แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒงแƒแƒก, แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒขแƒ”แƒœแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒฃ แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒ•แƒแƒฌแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก. แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ— แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒแƒ› แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒฅแƒฃแƒฉแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ›แƒŸแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒฌแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒกแƒฃแƒฎแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ. แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒ˜แƒ— โ€“ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ› Eastreet-แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒข แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒแƒญแƒ แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒ” แƒžแƒแƒกแƒฃแƒฎแƒก. แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒšแƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ›แƒแƒœ แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒแƒชแƒแƒก, แƒจแƒ”แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒขแƒฃแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ—แƒฃ แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฅแƒแƒกแƒ“แƒ แƒแƒจแƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒฎแƒแƒš แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒคแƒ˜แƒ’แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒš แƒแƒกแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒแƒก. แƒฅแƒฃแƒฉแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒฃแƒœแƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒช แƒฎแƒแƒ› แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ.

แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜: แƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒจ แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ™แƒ˜; แƒ˜แƒแƒแƒœแƒ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ™แƒ; แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ  แƒ‘แƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ™แƒ˜; แƒ’แƒŸแƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒŸ แƒแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒ’แƒ

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แƒฅแƒกแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ แƒชแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ; แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ Ksenia Tsykunova; Russia

แƒแƒ แƒขแƒ”แƒ› แƒŸแƒ˜แƒขแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜; แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ Artem Zhitenev; Russia 59


The Eastreet exhibition is the first initiative of this kind and scale dealing with street photography from the countries of Eastern Europe. Within less than two months of the open call we received in the whole more than 4.000 photos sent by photographers from around the world including Asia, Europe and both Americas. These photographs were made under different circumstances and in different time, using various approaches and all sorts of equipment, from mobile phones to medium format analog cameras. All of them are united by the same objective: to have a closer look at and to show an individual set in the context of Eastern Europeรข€™s public spaces using that spontaneous, unique and non-posing approach for which we love street photography so much. Eastreet is our proposal to look at the proverbial streets of Eastern Europe. We peep into the well-known public spaces of the region. We watch ourselves and our neighbours, familiar places and areas that are stuck in our memories. Street photography is a special kind of reportage and document. It shows us passing moments, unique situations, a series of associations and references within one frame. It discovers something we are passing by each day paying no attention

to it. A street photographer always finds in these familiar spaces something inspiring, something new and surprising. They say the most difficult is to take pictures at home and in the nearest environment, while the easiest thing is to do it on excursion to a tourist destination. Eastreet definitely refutes this prejudice. It turns out that these well-known places, our neighbourhoods, are often no less exotic than overseas countries. Our everyday reality located far from spectacular events and phenomena fostered by the media, can be inspiring just as well. Eastreet, first of all, should be a celebration of street photography, its potential and its importance as art, document and everyday creative activity. Our goal is not to show a definitive picture or to give the final answer about the condition of street photography in Eastern Europe. Just the opposite: we hope that Eastreet will leave us with more questions than answers. We expect it to take us by surprise, to arrange unexpected scenarios, to combine seemingly evident and familiar elements into completely new configurations and intriguing associations. Just like street photography should.

Curated by Tomasz Kulbowski Joanna Kinowska; Aleksander Bochenek; Grzegorz Ostrร„™ga

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แƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜แƒขแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฃแƒ–แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜; แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ Dmitry Muzalev; Russia

แƒ™แƒ แƒŸแƒ˜แƒจแƒขแƒแƒค แƒ แƒแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ˜; แƒžแƒแƒšแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ Krzystof Racon; Poland 61


แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ˜: แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜ โ€œแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ˜: แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒ˜โ€ แƒฃแƒ™แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒ•แƒแƒฌแƒ” แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒกแƒ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒŸแƒฃแƒ แƒœแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ™แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒก. แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ—แƒ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒ“แƒœแƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ’แƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ•แƒ”. แƒ“แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒกแƒแƒžแƒ แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒซแƒ แƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ—แƒ แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ, แƒžแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒจแƒ”แƒขแƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ–แƒ” (แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒœแƒ”แƒ–แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒŸแƒœแƒแƒกแƒขแƒ˜) โ€œแƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜แƒกโ€ แƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ, แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒ แƒ›แƒ–แƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒฆแƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒฎแƒ›แƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒกแƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ“ โ€“ แƒแƒ› แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒแƒœแƒแƒก แƒแƒ•แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ— แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜. 2013 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ™แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒฌแƒ˜แƒคแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—-แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ. แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒฌแƒ˜แƒคแƒแƒก แƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒกแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒฎแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒฉแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ› แƒแƒฆแƒแƒจแƒคแƒแƒ—แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒฃแƒ™แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒญแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒžแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒ”แƒœ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒกแƒฌแƒ แƒแƒคแƒแƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ.

Euromaidan: The True Story

The photo project โ€œEuromaidan: The True Storyโ€ represents photographs of the best photojournalists and documentary photographers from Ukraine and the whole world. Photos of the exhibitionโ€™s participants cover the events from the first days of Euromaidan existence. In their works the authors succeeded to transmit all emotions of demonstrators and protest movement participants, clashes with the police, the spirit of the tent city on the Independence Square (Maidan Nezalezhnosti), and the main thing โ€“ peopleโ€™s readiness to join efforts to achieve a common purpose. The year 2013 was one of the most remarkable in the contemporary history of Ukrainian statehood. Suspension of the European Union Association Agreement by the government aroused indignation of millions of Ukrainians, aspiring to closer European แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜: แƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ™แƒ˜

แƒแƒ—แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒ—แƒแƒกแƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒฃแƒฉแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒ“ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒแƒ— แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒžแƒฃแƒš แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒชแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“. แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒขแƒแƒšแƒฆแƒแƒก โ€œแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ˜โ€ แƒฃแƒฌแƒแƒ“แƒ; แƒ˜แƒฅแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ”, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒแƒžแƒ แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒซแƒ แƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ  แƒ›แƒแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ–แƒ” โ€“ แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒœแƒ”แƒ–แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒŸแƒœแƒแƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ” โ€“ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ. แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒ แƒชแƒฎแƒ แƒ แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒจแƒขแƒแƒ‘แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒšแƒ•แƒแƒก แƒแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒ™แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒแƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒŸแƒฃแƒ แƒœแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒฌแƒ”แƒแƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ, แƒแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“ แƒแƒ—แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒช แƒ›แƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒ“แƒแƒœ. แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒงแƒแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒกแƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ”แƒซแƒšแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒงแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ 30 แƒœแƒแƒ”แƒ›แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒฆแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒก แƒ›แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก, แƒžแƒ แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก, แƒขแƒ แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒ—แƒแƒกแƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒžแƒ แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ›แƒกแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒฅแƒฃแƒฉแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒคแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒชแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ.

integration. Tens and hundreds of thousands of people took to the streets of their towns to peacefully defend the opportunity to join the European Community. Media called the wave of rallies Euromaidan as the protest action started on the capitalโ€™s main square โ€“ Maidan Nezalezhnosti. The most high-profile event in the last nine years has been covered not only by the best Ukrainian photographers, cameramen and journalists, but also dozens of their colleagues from all over the world. Through their eyes the international community could follow bloody dispersal of peaceful protesters on the night of November 30, radicalization of the protests, tragic events and rallies involving hundreds of thousands of people, which took to the streets to defend the right to have their own history.

Curated by Kristina Shestak 62


แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒ™แƒ (แƒฃแƒ™แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ, แƒจแƒขแƒแƒขแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒจแƒ” แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜) Andriy Kravchenko (Ukraine, Freelance)

แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜ (แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ NOOR) Yuri Kozyrev (Russia, NOOR Photo Agency)

63


แƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ (แƒฃแƒ™แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ, แƒŸแƒฃแƒ แƒœแƒแƒšแƒ˜ โ€œแƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒแƒœแƒขแƒ˜โ€) Vlad Sodel (Ukraine, โ€œKommersantโ€ Newspaper)

แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒšแƒŸแƒ”แƒœแƒ™แƒ (แƒฃแƒ™แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ, แƒกแƒแƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ European Pressphoto) Sergiy Dolzhenko (Ukraine, European Pressphoto Agency) 64


แƒ”แƒ•แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒšแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒขแƒ™แƒ (แƒฃแƒ™แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ UNIAN ) Evgeniy Maloletka (Ukraine, UNIAN)

แƒแƒœแƒแƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒžแƒแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ˜ (แƒฃแƒ™แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ, Demotix, แƒจแƒขแƒแƒขแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒจแƒ” แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜) Anatoly Stepanov (Ukraine, Demotix, Freelance) 65


แƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒ แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒแƒซแƒ”

1997 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒ“แƒแƒแƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ” แƒ—แƒแƒ˜แƒซแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜, แƒ™แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒฎแƒ แƒ˜แƒ—. แƒ”แƒฃแƒคแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒžแƒแƒœแƒขแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒžแƒแƒœแƒขแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒฌแƒ˜แƒคแƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒจแƒ˜. แƒ›แƒแƒšแƒ” แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฎแƒ•แƒ“แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒขแƒ•แƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒแƒ. แƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒ แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒแƒซแƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒ โ€œแƒคแƒแƒœแƒขแƒแƒ›แƒ˜โ€ 2004 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ โ€œแƒ—แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกโ€ แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ’แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜. แƒ˜แƒ› แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒงแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜,แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒขแƒ•แƒ แƒฃแƒš แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒชแƒ˜แƒฃแƒš แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒฎแƒ•แƒ“แƒ แƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ“ 2010 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ’แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ GMG-แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ 2013 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒกแƒแƒœแƒฅแƒข แƒžแƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ‘แƒฃแƒ แƒ’แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฃแƒ–แƒ”แƒฃแƒ› ERARTA-แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒš แƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ  แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒก, แƒ™แƒ”แƒ แƒซแƒแƒ“, แƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒแƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒซแƒฆแƒ•แƒœแƒ˜แƒš แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒแƒ•แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒก โ€œแƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜โ€. แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒจแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒก: แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก 18 แƒคแƒแƒขแƒ, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜ โ€œแƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜โ€ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒš แƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ’แƒฃแƒแƒซแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒจแƒ”แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒคแƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒ แƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒก, แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก. แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ, แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒ”แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”, แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ™แƒแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜. แƒแƒ› แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒžแƒแƒœแƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฃแƒ–แƒ”แƒฃแƒ›แƒ›แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒ”แƒ แƒซแƒ แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒซแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒก. แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒช แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒแƒ‘แƒก โ€œแƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒก

แƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜

แƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜ โ€œแƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜โ€ แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒก แƒกแƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒฃแƒš แƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒชแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒก แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒฎแƒกแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก โ€“ แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก, แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒ—แƒแƒก แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒชแƒ•แƒแƒก แƒแƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“ แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒช. แƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒขแƒงแƒฃแƒžแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ แƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒ แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒแƒซแƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒŸแƒ˜แƒ. แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒจแƒ˜ โ€œแƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜โ€ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒก แƒ•แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ— โ€“ แƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒก โ€“ แƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒšแƒขแƒ”แƒ  แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒก, แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒจแƒก แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ  แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒŸแƒ—แƒแƒœ, แƒฎแƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒขแƒ แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ’แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—แƒแƒœ, แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—แƒแƒœ. แƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒ› แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒชแƒ, แƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒฉแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ โ€“ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ (โ€œแƒกแƒฏแƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒแƒกแƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒแƒ—: แƒ˜แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ” แƒ•แƒ˜แƒฅแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜, แƒ—แƒฃ แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒแƒ  แƒฎแƒแƒ , แƒ แƒ แƒ—แƒฅแƒ›แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒโ€). แƒ”แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ–แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒแƒคแƒแƒ แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒ”แƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒก, แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒŸแƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒกแƒญแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜. แƒ”แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒฆแƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒแƒกแƒ™แƒ”แƒœ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ, แƒกแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒแƒฃแƒ“แƒแƒ“, แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒ แƒ. แƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒ แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒแƒซแƒ” แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ  แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒฌแƒ˜แƒคแƒ”แƒก แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ” แƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜

แƒšแƒ”แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกโ€ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒชแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜ แƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฐแƒแƒšแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ™แƒ•แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ แƒฐแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒแƒช แƒขแƒ แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒแƒแƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒšแƒ” โ€“ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก, แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ•แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒฏแƒ”แƒก, แƒฏแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒจแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒšแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—. แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒ แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒฎแƒแƒœแƒก แƒ“แƒแƒแƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒš 10-แƒฌแƒฃแƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ-แƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ›แƒ–แƒ”. แƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒ แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒแƒซแƒ” แƒ›แƒฃแƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒจแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒ•แƒแƒœ แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ“แƒฃแƒš แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ”แƒ— แƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒ™แƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ”แƒ’แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒจแƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒจแƒ˜. แƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒ แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒแƒซแƒ”แƒ› แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒซแƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ แƒคแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒกแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ’แƒ แƒคแƒแƒ แƒแƒฏแƒแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒ“แƒ. แƒ”แƒก แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ โ€œแƒแƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒ แƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก, แƒแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒ–แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒชโ€, โ€“ แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒแƒซแƒ”. แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒ แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒแƒซแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜ แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ: โ€œแƒ›แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒ. แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒช, แƒ”แƒก แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒกแƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜. แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒ˜แƒ“แƒฃแƒ›แƒšแƒแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒงแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒงแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ. แƒกแƒ˜แƒงแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ—แƒšแƒ”แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒคแƒแƒ—แƒ แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒ•แƒฉแƒฃแƒฅแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒฃแƒคแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก. แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒฃแƒคแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก...โ€ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒ แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒแƒซแƒ” แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒ—แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒจแƒ˜. แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ› แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒš แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ, แƒขแƒงแƒฃแƒžแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒ”แƒก แƒแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ...แƒ›แƒแƒงแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒงแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒฃแƒ›แƒฌแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒจ, แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ”แƒ  แƒขแƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒขแƒก แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ“, แƒ›แƒแƒงแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฆแƒฅแƒ›แƒ แƒ”แƒคแƒฃแƒซแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ แƒ แƒžแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒ แƒŸแƒฃแƒ แƒœแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒšแƒ˜แƒจแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ  แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ”แƒคแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒฃแƒ  แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒแƒก, แƒแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒชแƒ”แƒžแƒขแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ  แƒ™แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก... แƒ—แƒฃแƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒแƒช แƒฎแƒแƒ  แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒช, แƒ”แƒก แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒฅแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒกแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒจแƒ˜ แƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒš แƒ“แƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒก แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒก, แƒ—แƒฃแƒ›แƒชแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ“, แƒจแƒฃแƒฅแƒ›แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒฅแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒจ, แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒฏแƒ’แƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒ™แƒ”แƒ แƒ“แƒก แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒก. แƒ”แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒฎแƒ›แƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒแƒ› แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก, แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒฃแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒจแƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒขแƒแƒ‘แƒฃแƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒฃแƒคแƒšแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒ แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒแƒซแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ–แƒฆแƒฃแƒ“แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒฃแƒคแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒฎแƒ›แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’ แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒฎแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒแƒชแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒ”แƒœ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒฌแƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜ แƒแƒœแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ™แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒฎแƒขแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜... 66


แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ—แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ Presentiment of the Rapture. 67


irma sharikadze

Irma Sharikadze graduated in 1997 with a degree in ceramics from the M. Toidze School of Arts in Tbilisi, Republic of Georgia. Upon completion she took classes of pantomime and performed at the Tbilisi State Pantomime Theater for two years, but she quickly realized her true talent and passion lay in the art of photography. Her first solo exhibition โ€œPhantomโ€ took place in 2004 in Old Tbilisi as a part of the Tbilisoba festival. Since then Sharikadze has worked on both artistic and commercial projects with great success. Her most recent exhibition named โ€œLettersโ€ dedicated to Frida Kahlo, the Mexican Artist was held at the GMG Gallery in Moscow 2010 and in St Petersburg Museum of Contemporary Art Erarta 2013. Eighteen photos of different sizes, installation โ€œFrida Maritsaโ€, video art โ€˜Fridaโ€™s Dreamโ€™, also composed by Irma Sharikadze and mistified correspondence between Frida and Maritsa(Fridaโ€™s imagined twin sister) created by Georgian writer Maka Goguadze. In the project uses the unique jewelry by Sofia Gongliashvili. Various works from this exhibition were

purchased by the Moscow Museum of Modern Arts and by private foundations. The artist is interested in and continues to assess lives of โ€œMythical Women of Different Timesโ€. Her current subject is Mata Hari, a Dutch exotic dancer, who was accused of espionage during World War II for Germany and executed in France. Irma is also working on a 10 minute video art on Mata Hari. Irma has developed in close collaboration, with the leading magazines in the South Caucasus region in Georgia and Russia. Sharikadze sates Niko Pirosmani, the world famous primitive artist, and Sergei Parajanov, a famous Gerogian/Armenian film director as her main inspirers, not only for their style but also for their personal life convictions. The artistโ€™s motto is as follows: ยซFinding and uncovering beauty is my mission. Moreover, itโ€™s my fate. Human beauty is a mystery inseparable from love. Love is a light that illuminates tortuous paths of life and grants us freedom. Freedom to make artโ€ฆยป Irma Sharikadze lives and works in Tbilisi.

Letters ...The ยซLettersยป project by the Georgian artist reminds us of our joint cultural blood flow, of the artโ€™s ability to cross the borders and possess not only people, but also itself. Frida invented her twin sister who is now inventing Frida, being Irma Sharikadzeโ€™s character. In the ยซLettersยป project we see them both โ€“ Frida and Maritsa โ€“ the Georgian artistโ€™s alter ego, her own game with the artistโ€™s character, character strategies, history and languages of art. ... Frida gave birth to Maritsa, Frida appears in the letters to Maritsa โ€“ the sisters become each otherโ€™s symbolic mothers. (ยซWeโ€™d better do it like that: be my mother and Iโ€™ll be yours, if you have nothing against that, of courseยป). This tender metaphor is pierced by sophisticated dialectics of image and referent, artist and character. Itโ€™s a dialectics of maturing that appealed to Frida Kahlo and probably made the very essence of her art. Irma Sharikadze integrates her own ar-

tistic maturing into these two imaginary biographies of the sisters. Moreover, twin sisters double the beauty...The viewerโ€™s attention slides along the impeccable image and stumbles at the handwritten text below the picture. Thus, the viewerโ€™s perception of the project is based not on the clichรฉs of the glossy magazines that directly associate with spectacular photography, but on conceptual codes... Being a sister and a mother at the same time means having the same father, who becomes a husband. In her dream, Frida sees her mother in batiste dress, but suddenly discovers hairy male chest under the light tissue. Artistic effort speaks through this rather spooky dream. At this point individuality breaks free from ancestral taboo. Irma Sharikadzeโ€™s emancipated effort shows in the rebellion against life circumstances, craving for manliness. The project is electrified by reflections...

Alexander Evangeli 68


แƒ“แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ Anguish for The Mother. 69


แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ Probability of the Grave

แƒ แƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ Relics of the Martyr of the Revolution 70


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National Geographic แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ: 2013 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒจแƒจ-แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒ”แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ (National Geographic Society) 1888 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒ“แƒแƒแƒ แƒกแƒ“แƒ. 2013 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœ 125-แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒฆแƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒœแƒ. แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—-แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒชแƒœแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒ—แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒญแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒชแƒœแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ-แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒฎแƒแƒ แƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒ. แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ National Geographic-แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ—แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒแƒ— แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒก แƒžแƒšแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒขแƒแƒ–แƒ”. 2014 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒ-แƒซแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฎแƒแƒš แƒ”แƒžแƒแƒฅแƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก! แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒขแƒ”แƒฅแƒœแƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒข แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒ— แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒแƒฅแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒฌแƒ•แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก. แƒžแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒแƒœแƒขแƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ แƒฅแƒ”แƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ, แƒ’แƒ”แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ’แƒ”แƒแƒžแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ,

แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒขแƒ”แƒฅแƒœแƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ โ€“ แƒ˜แƒ› แƒกแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ แƒแƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒช National Geographic-แƒ˜ แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’ แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒแƒ แƒแƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒกแƒขแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒจแƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ”แƒญแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก. แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒš โ€œแƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒ แƒ—แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ–แƒ”โ€ แƒŸแƒฃแƒ แƒœแƒแƒšแƒ˜ National Geographic แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ— 2013 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš, แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก: แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒ™แƒš แƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒกแƒ˜แƒก, แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒคแƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ™แƒšแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ‘แƒ แƒ”แƒœแƒข แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ แƒขแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•. แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒ”แƒซแƒฆแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ National Geographic แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒก แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒก แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒแƒœแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒš แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก.

National Geographic Georgia: 2013 In Photos National Geographic Society was founded in 1888. In 2013, it celebrated its 125th anniversary. It is one of the worldโ€™s greatest scientific and educational organizations with the support of which numerous scientific research projects and expeditions have been realized. For many years, National Geographic Society has been inspiring us to take care of our planet. In 2014, the Society starts a new era of explorations! Modern technologies give us much more opportunities to explore what was inaccessible before. Paleontology and archeology, geography, geopolitics, wild na-

ture, people and culture, hi tech โ€“ this is an incomplete list of fields National Geographic researches in order to deliver this information to its readers in 40 countries of the world as incredible articles and impressive photos. At this yearโ€™s Kolga Tbilisi Photo, National Geographic Georgia Magazine presents works published in 2013 by some of the internationally recognized photographers including Michael Nichols, Stephanie Sinclair, Brent Stirton, among others. The exhibition is dedicated to National Geographic Georgiaโ€™s first year in our country.

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แƒฏแƒแƒœ แƒจแƒขแƒแƒœยญแƒ›แƒยญแƒ˜ยญแƒ”แƒ  ยญ แƒ˜, แƒซแƒ˜แƒขยญแƒœแƒยญแƒžแƒ˜, แƒ›แƒ”แƒฅยญแƒกแƒ˜ยญแƒ™แƒ, 2010 แƒฌแƒ”ยญแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ แƒ— แƒ™แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒก แƒจแƒ”ยญแƒฃแƒซยญแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒžแƒšแƒยญแƒœแƒ”ยญแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒ ยญแƒ—ยญ-แƒ”แƒ แƒ— แƒงแƒ•แƒ”ยญแƒšแƒยญแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ˜แƒงยญแƒ แƒฃยญแƒ”ยญแƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒ“แƒ แƒฃแƒ›ยญแƒจยญแƒ•แƒ”ยญแƒœแƒ˜ยญแƒ”ยญแƒ แƒ”แƒก แƒแƒ“ยญแƒ’แƒ˜ยญแƒšแƒแƒก แƒ’แƒ•แƒยญแƒ›แƒแƒ’ยญแƒ–แƒยญแƒฃยญแƒ แƒแƒก. โ€œแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒจแƒ™แƒ”ยญแƒ™แƒ”ยญแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒœแƒแƒขยญแƒจแƒ˜โ€. แƒ›แƒยญแƒ˜ยญแƒแƒก แƒ›แƒ˜ยญแƒ—แƒ”ยญแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜ยญแƒฎแƒ”แƒ“ยญแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒแƒ› แƒฌแƒœแƒแƒขแƒก แƒ›แƒ˜ยญแƒฌแƒ˜แƒกยญแƒฅยญแƒ•แƒ”ยญแƒจแƒ แƒกแƒแƒ›ยญแƒงแƒยญแƒ แƒยญแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ•ยญแƒงแƒยญแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ—. John Stanmeyer, Dzitnup, Mexico, 2010 A single frame can transport us to one of our planetโ€™s far-flung and beautiful places. In this one, stalactites and a sunbeam spotlight a swimmer in the Xkeken cenote, a natural well in the Yucatรกn thought by the Maya to lead to the underworld


แƒ‘แƒ แƒ”แƒœแƒข แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ ยญแƒขแƒยญแƒœแƒ˜, แƒ•แƒ˜ยญแƒ แƒฃแƒœยญแƒ’แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ•ยญแƒœแƒฃยญแƒšแƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒ ยญแƒ™แƒ˜, แƒ™แƒแƒœยญแƒ’แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒ”ยญแƒ›แƒแƒ™ยญแƒ แƒยญแƒขแƒ˜ยญแƒฃยญแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ แƒ”แƒกยญแƒžแƒฃแƒ‘ยญแƒšแƒ˜ยญแƒ™แƒ, 2007 แƒฌแƒ”ยญแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ™แƒ•แƒ“แƒแƒ  แƒ›แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒยญแƒ แƒ˜ยญแƒšแƒแƒก แƒžแƒยญแƒขแƒ˜ยญแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒ˜ยญแƒแƒกยญแƒ•แƒ”ยญแƒœแƒ”ยญแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. แƒแƒ› แƒคแƒยญแƒขแƒแƒ› แƒจแƒ”แƒซยญแƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคยญแƒšแƒ˜ยญแƒ: แƒ”แƒก แƒ’แƒยญแƒ“แƒยญ แƒจแƒ”ยญแƒœแƒ”ยญแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒคยญแƒ ยญแƒ—แƒฎแƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜ยญแƒœแƒยญแƒจแƒ” แƒ›แƒงแƒยญแƒคแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒยญแƒ แƒ˜ยญแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ”-6 แƒ›แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒ”ยญแƒšแƒยญแƒ‘แƒยญแƒ. Brent Stirton, Virunga National Park, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2007 This image of a dead gorilla being carried like royalty by grieving rangers and locals shocked the world when it was published: The 500-pound gorilla was one of six endangered mountain gorillas that were killed.


แƒ›แƒยญแƒ˜แƒ™แƒš แƒœแƒ˜ยญแƒ™แƒแƒšยญแƒกแƒ˜, โ€œDavid Sheldrick Wildlife Trustโ€, แƒ™แƒ”ยญแƒœแƒ˜ยญแƒ, 2011 แƒฌแƒ”ยญแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ› แƒžแƒยญแƒขแƒยญแƒ แƒ แƒกแƒžแƒ˜ยญแƒšแƒแƒก แƒ“แƒ”ยญแƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒยญแƒฃแƒ™ยญแƒšแƒ”แƒก. แƒ’แƒยญแƒ“แƒยญแƒจแƒ”ยญแƒœแƒ”ยญแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒคยญแƒ ยญแƒ—แƒฎแƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜ยญแƒœแƒยญแƒจแƒ” แƒ›แƒงแƒยญแƒคแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒ”ยญแƒšแƒฃยญแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒฃยญแƒœแƒ”ยญแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกยญแƒ—ยญแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒยญ แƒขแƒยญแƒ”ยญแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒยญแƒ“แƒยญแƒฆแƒ”ยญแƒ‘แƒ แƒœแƒ˜ยญแƒ™แƒแƒšยญแƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒยญแƒขแƒยญแƒชแƒ”ยญแƒ‘แƒยญแƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒœ แƒฎแƒ”ยญแƒšแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”ยญแƒฃแƒฌแƒงแƒ แƒ’แƒยญแƒ‘แƒแƒœยญแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ•ยญแƒœแƒฃยญแƒšแƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒ ยญแƒ™แƒ”ยญแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒกยญแƒขแƒ”ยญแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒฉแƒยญแƒ›แƒยญแƒงแƒยญแƒšแƒ˜ยญแƒ‘แƒ”ยญแƒ‘แƒแƒก. Michael Nichols, David Sheldrick Wildlife Trust, Kenya, 2011 A baby elephant whose mother was killed by poachers rests at a Nairobi nursery. Producing call-toaction photographs of endangered wildlife is a passion for Nichols, who was instrumental in the creation of a national park system in Gabon


แƒ แƒ”แƒœยญแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒแƒšยญแƒกแƒยญแƒœแƒ˜, แƒ›แƒฃแƒ›ยญแƒ‘แƒยญแƒ˜, แƒ˜แƒœยญแƒ“แƒยญแƒ”ยญแƒ—แƒ˜, 2011 แƒฌแƒ”ยญแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ ยญแƒฉแƒ’ยญ แƒ”ยญแƒ˜ยญแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ“ยญแƒ’แƒฃยญแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒยญแƒ“แƒยญแƒฆแƒ”ยญแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒยญแƒชแƒ”ยญแƒกแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ แƒยญแƒ›แƒยญแƒขแƒ”ยญแƒ•แƒยญแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒแƒฆยญแƒ›แƒแƒฉยญแƒœยญแƒ“แƒ. แƒ แƒแƒ“ยญแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒยญแƒ“แƒยญแƒฆแƒ”ยญแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกยญแƒ—ยญแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒยญแƒฃแƒ™ยญ แƒ”ยญแƒ—แƒ”ยญแƒกแƒ แƒแƒ“ยญแƒ’แƒ˜ยญแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒยญแƒฎแƒฃยญแƒ แƒฃยญแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ แƒฃแƒชแƒฎแƒยญแƒ”ยญแƒšแƒ”ยญแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกยญแƒ—ยญแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก. โ€œ4 แƒกแƒยญแƒยญแƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›ยญแƒ“แƒ”แƒ’ แƒ’แƒยญแƒ“แƒยญแƒ•แƒ˜ยญแƒฆแƒ”แƒ— แƒกแƒฃยญแƒ แƒยญแƒ—แƒ˜. แƒ”แƒก แƒ˜แƒœยญแƒ“แƒฃแƒ  แƒ‘แƒ˜ยญแƒฃแƒ  ยญ แƒแƒ™ยญแƒ แƒยญแƒขแƒ˜ยญแƒยญแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒชแƒ˜ยญแƒ แƒ” แƒ’แƒยญแƒ›แƒแƒ ยญแƒฏยญแƒ•แƒ”ยญแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒงแƒโ€ Randy Olson โ€“ Mumbai, India, 2011 Seeking to capture the throng in Churchgate Station, Olson coached a local assistant through the laborious process needed to get this shot, because the perfect vantage point was closed to foreigners. โ€œAfter four hours we had this pictureโ€”and a small victory over Indian bureaucracy


แƒกแƒขแƒ”ยญแƒคแƒยญแƒœแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒœยญแƒ™ยญแƒšแƒ”ยญแƒ แƒ˜, แƒฆแƒฃยญแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒยญแƒ•แƒ˜แƒœยญแƒชแƒ˜ยญแƒ, แƒแƒ•ยญแƒฆแƒยญแƒœแƒ”ยญแƒ—แƒ˜, 2006 แƒฌแƒ”ยญแƒšแƒ˜ 40 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒยญแƒ˜ยญแƒ–แƒ˜ยญแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ 11 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒฃยญแƒšแƒยญแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜ยญแƒœแƒยญแƒกแƒยญแƒฅแƒแƒ ยญแƒฌแƒ˜ยญแƒœแƒ แƒคแƒยญแƒขแƒยญแƒ”ยญแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒ•ยญแƒกแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒฃยญแƒšแƒแƒฎยญแƒ“แƒ˜ยญแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒฃยญแƒ แƒยญแƒ—แƒ”ยญแƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒยญแƒ›แƒ˜ยญแƒยญแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘ยญแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒฃแƒคยญแƒ แƒ แƒ’แƒ•แƒยญแƒแƒฎยญแƒšแƒยญแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“ยญแƒ แƒ” แƒ›แƒจแƒ แƒยญแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒขแƒยญแƒขแƒ˜แƒกยญแƒขแƒ˜ยญแƒ™แƒ. แƒแƒ•ยญแƒฆแƒยญแƒœแƒ”ยญแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒยญแƒ’แƒยญแƒœแƒ”ยญแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก 46% 18 แƒฌแƒšแƒแƒ›ยญแƒ“แƒ” แƒ—แƒฎแƒแƒ•ยญแƒ“แƒ”ยญแƒ‘แƒ. Stephanie Sinclair, Ghor Province, Afghanistan, 2006 An intimate portraitโ€”like this pre-wedding shot of Faiz, 40, and Ghulam, 11โ€”connects us with the people behind the statistics. Some 46 percent of Afghan girls marry before theyโ€™re 18. Sinclair has brought global attention to the issue of child brides


แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ แƒ™ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฐแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒขแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ แƒ™ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฐแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒขแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ–แƒฃแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ—แƒฎแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒญแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒฆแƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒฃแƒš, แƒฎแƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ• แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ“แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒš แƒ แƒ”แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒแƒŸแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒช แƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ แƒฃแƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒงแƒแƒคแƒก. 1999 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒ Stern, Der Spiegel, Die Zeit, La Republica แƒ“แƒ แƒŸแƒฃแƒ แƒœแƒแƒšแƒ˜ Time, แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ•แƒ”, แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒแƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒ UNICEF แƒ“แƒ Amnesty International. แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ แƒ™ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฐแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒขแƒ˜

แƒแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒฏแƒ˜แƒšแƒ“แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒคแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ 2002 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒขแƒ แƒจแƒขแƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฏแƒ˜แƒšแƒ“แƒ, แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ•แƒ” แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ UNICEFโ€“แƒ›แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒฏแƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒ” แƒ“แƒแƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ โ€œแƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ“โ€. แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ แƒ™ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฐแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒขแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒฃแƒž แƒกแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ™แƒšแƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ” แƒ˜แƒงแƒ. 2011 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒขแƒ›แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒชแƒœแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒขแƒ”แƒขแƒจแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒŸแƒฃแƒ แƒœแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ.

แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒจแƒ แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ โ€“ O Sertรฃo แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ โ€“ แƒแƒขแƒšแƒแƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒขแƒงแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒžแƒแƒšแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ™แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ แƒ–แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒญแƒ˜แƒ›แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒ•แƒ˜แƒจแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜. แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒฌแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ.. แƒ“แƒ แƒฌแƒงแƒแƒšแƒ˜! แƒแƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒฌแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ, แƒแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“ แƒฌแƒงแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒ โ€“ แƒœแƒแƒ™แƒแƒ“แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ แƒฃแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ’แƒฃแƒ‘แƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒขแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒ โ€“ แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒช แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒžแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒกแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒซแƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒกแƒฃแƒš แƒ แƒแƒฆแƒแƒช 300 แƒ™แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒแƒ› แƒขแƒ แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒฎแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒจแƒ˜, แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒซแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒฃแƒฌแƒงแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒฆแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒ›แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜. แƒžแƒ”แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒŸแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒขแƒแƒฃแƒก แƒแƒ™แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒก, แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒกแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ, แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒ›แƒฌแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ” แƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜แƒ—. แƒ‘แƒฃแƒฉแƒฅแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒคแƒแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒจแƒ แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ 1,5 แƒ›แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ™แƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒแƒขแƒฃแƒš แƒ™แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ แƒ–แƒ”แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒญแƒ˜แƒ›แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒฎแƒฃแƒ—แƒฏแƒ”แƒ  แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒแƒ› แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ–แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ™แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒก แƒกแƒแƒแƒชแƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒ แƒขแƒงแƒ”แƒšแƒ–แƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒชแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒœ แƒคแƒ แƒแƒœแƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒแƒ—แƒ˜. 60 แƒ›แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒฉแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ-แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ–แƒ”, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช, แƒซแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ“, แƒ”แƒฅแƒ•แƒกแƒ˜ แƒคแƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒจแƒขแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ: แƒ‘แƒแƒ˜แƒ, แƒกแƒ”แƒแƒ แƒ, แƒžแƒ˜แƒแƒฃแƒ˜, แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒฃแƒ™แƒ, แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒฃ แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒ˜แƒฃ แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒฃ แƒœแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜. แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒฃแƒ’แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒแƒ แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒก. 1532 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก, แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒฃแƒ’แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ 150 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒจแƒ˜แƒช แƒ›แƒแƒแƒฆแƒฌแƒ˜แƒ”แƒก. แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒก, แƒ“แƒแƒฆแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜แƒš แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒœแƒ”แƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒช O Desertรฃo โ€“ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒœแƒ แƒฃแƒฌแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒก. แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒขแƒแƒฃ แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒขแƒแƒฃแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ. แƒแƒฅ แƒ™แƒแƒฅแƒขแƒฃแƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒ—แƒฎแƒ˜-แƒฎแƒฃแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒšแƒ”แƒ–แƒ” แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฎแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ™แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒ—; แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒแƒฎแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒฎแƒ”แƒจแƒ˜แƒ, แƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ’แƒ˜ โ€“ แƒ›แƒขแƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜. แƒแƒฅ แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ”แƒ–แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ: แƒชแƒฎแƒ แƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ” โ€“ แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ•แƒแƒ, แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒœ แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ“แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ“แƒ”แƒ™แƒ”แƒ›แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก, แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒฌแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ แƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒก,

แƒ แƒแƒกแƒแƒช โ€œแƒฌแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒกแƒ”แƒ–แƒแƒœแƒกโ€ แƒฃแƒฌแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. แƒแƒฅ แƒฃแƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒขแƒ”แƒ›แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ: แƒ›แƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒซแƒ˜แƒšแƒ–แƒ”, แƒกแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ 38 แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒฃแƒกแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒแƒ แƒช แƒฃแƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒ—, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒงแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒœ. แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒงแƒแƒคแƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ แƒแƒฅแƒแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒ”แƒœ แƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ— แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜. แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒขแƒแƒฃ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒซแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒ โ€œแƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒžแƒงแƒ แƒ”แƒกโ€, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒแƒฅ แƒซแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒคแƒแƒกแƒ˜ แƒšแƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒซแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒงแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ. แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ แƒ›แƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ” แƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ’แƒแƒฅแƒชแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒœแƒแƒจแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒงแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ. แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒœแƒคแƒ แƒแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒฃแƒฅแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒฅแƒแƒœแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜, แƒแƒฅแƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒชแƒแƒšแƒ™แƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒซแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ“, แƒฏแƒแƒ’แƒฃแƒ  แƒ›แƒ”แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก, แƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒœแƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒœแƒฅแƒขแƒก แƒ”แƒคแƒฃแƒซแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ”แƒก แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ–แƒœแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒฆแƒ˜แƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ แƒฅแƒแƒฃแƒš แƒ™แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜. แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“ แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒจแƒ˜, 2010/2011 แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ”แƒ–แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒฆแƒแƒ  แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ. แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ•แƒแƒ›, แƒ›แƒฃแƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ›แƒ แƒชแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ แƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒชแƒฎแƒ”แƒ› แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒแƒœแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒฃแƒ แƒ. แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒฎแƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒ แƒฉแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒœ. แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒซแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒฎแƒ“แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒฃแƒขแƒงแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ 5-แƒ“แƒแƒœ 10 แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒงแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ. แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒฃแƒขแƒงแƒ•แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒฅแƒขแƒฃแƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒœ. แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฆแƒ” แƒฃแƒฅแƒ›แƒแƒ“ แƒกแƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒœ, แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ” แƒฎแƒœแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒšแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ›แƒ”, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒฃแƒขแƒงแƒ•แƒก แƒแƒญแƒ›แƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒœ. แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒชแƒฎแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒซแƒ˜แƒšแƒ–แƒ”, แƒฃแƒฅแƒ›แƒแƒ“ แƒงแƒแƒคแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜. แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ“แƒœแƒแƒ• แƒ›แƒ”แƒข แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒก แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒกแƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒช แƒ˜แƒซแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœ, แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ•แƒœแƒ แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒก, แƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒก โ€“ แƒแƒœ แƒฌแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ“แƒแƒœ. แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒกแƒ”แƒ˜ โ€œแƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒจแƒ แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ โ€“ O Sertรฃoโ€ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒก แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒขแƒแƒฃแƒจแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒแƒ  แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜ แƒฎแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜. 78



dirk gebhardt Dirk Gebhardt is a visual storyteller. He prefers to photograph in depth long-term reports on social subjects neglected in the media. Since 1999, he works for international publications such as Stern, Der Spiegel, Die Zeit, La Republica and Time Magazine as well as NGOs such as UNICEF and Amnesty International. He has won sev-

eral awards, including 2002 the Otto-Steinert-Award of the German Society for Photography and has been nominated several times for UNICEF Photo of the Year and the Joop Swart Masterclass-. Since 2011, he teaches at the University of Applied Sciences in Dortmund, where he works as a professor of photojournalism.

The Dry Heart of Brazil โ€“ O Sertรฃo Brazilโ€™s coast โ€“ the Atlantic Rainforest, palm trees, kilometer-long sandy beaches. Overwhelming nature. Green as far as the eye can seeโ€ฆ and water! Not only rain but water everywhere: rivulets, brooks, rivers, ponds, lakes and the sea dominate the image Europeans have of Brazil. It is very hard to imagine that only 300 kilometers away from the coast into the center of this tropical paradise daily life is dominated by drought and lack of water. The landscape surrounding the Sertรฃo is mostly brown with only a few specks of green. 1.5 million Square Kilometers of dried-out shrubland โ€“ thatโ€™s five times the square footage of Germany โ€“ interrupted by mountain ridges of bizarre mesas and the Rio Sao Francisco. More than 60 million people live in the north-eastern hinterland that dominates six federal states: Bahia, Ceara, Piaui, Pernambuco, Maranhao, and Rio Grande do Norte. The Portuguese gave this area its name. They reached the backlands 150 years after the first settlement in 1532. When they crossed the elevated plains close to the coast they reached dreary swathes of land they called โ€œO Desertรฃoโ€. The grand desert. Over time, Desertรฃo became Sertรฃo. Cacti grow as high as four to five meters, even the trees have thorns; the grass is tough, the ground dusty. There are only two seasons here: nine months of drought and a period with a chance of rain between December and Febru-

ary โ€“ โ€œthe rainy seasonโ€. What is constant though is the temperature: a steady annual average of 38ยฐC. The colonial rulers did not try to systematically settle in this region. They ignored it and focused on the coastal regions. The Sertรฃo was โ€œconqueredโ€ by adventurers on their quest for precious metals. Other settlers were landless farmers, escaped felons and former slaves. Lacking an official infrastructure and governmental control, an isolated society developed which was and still is dominated by livestock breeding, religion and survival. And all of this coupled with an archaic codex of morale and honor. There has not been sufficient rain in large areas since the rainy season of 2010/2011. The drought, the permanent hot winds and the heat itself are wearing down the population. Their cattle are dying and with them, the farmersโ€™ will to survive. They have all had to reduce their stock to the minimum of 5 to 10 animals. They feed them cacti and silage. The men sit around idly all day except for the short time that is used for feeding the cattle. They are exposed to the heat and the monotony of idleness the whole day. The women have to spend a little more of their time on the household but they too are forced to wait for the next day, the next week or month โ€“ and for the rain. The photographic essay โ€œThe Dry Heart of Brazil โ€“ O Sertรฃoโ€ shows the life in the Sertรฃo over a period of two years. 80


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แƒ›แƒ”-13 แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒ แƒ—แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒ แƒ’แƒ•แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒก แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒฃแƒฎแƒแƒ“แƒแƒ— แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒก, แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก, แƒŸแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก.. แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ แƒŸแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒคแƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒฏแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒก แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ—แƒแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒ”แƒชแƒ: แƒœแƒแƒ แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜, แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒ˜, แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒ›แƒ˜, แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ•แƒ. แƒ แƒ”แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒแƒŸแƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒฏแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒœแƒแƒฃ แƒ‘แƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒก โ€œแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒฃแƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒ˜โ€, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒžแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒฃแƒ‘แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒฃแƒฉแƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฐแƒ˜แƒžโ€“แƒฐแƒแƒž แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒงแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒ, แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“, แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒงแƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒก แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒžแƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ˜แƒงแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒฏแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ แƒฏแƒแƒœ แƒขแƒ แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒฏแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ™แƒ. แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ” แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ–แƒฃแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒฃแƒ•แƒแƒš แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒ—แƒฎแƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒงแƒแƒคแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒกแƒฌแƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒ• แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒซแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒ”แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ  แƒ›แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก. แƒขแƒ แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒจแƒขแƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ”แƒ—โ€“ แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒฉแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒโ€“แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘. แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘, แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ  แƒ’แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ•แƒ  แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒฌแƒงแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒแƒ’แƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒชแƒแƒšแƒ™แƒ”แƒฃแƒš แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ–แƒ”, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒกแƒฌแƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒ• แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. แƒฏแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ™แƒแƒก แƒจแƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ”แƒญแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ  แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜ โ€“ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก, แƒแƒฆแƒคแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒแƒ› แƒฌแƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ—แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒจแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก, แƒ แƒแƒกแƒแƒช แƒฌแƒงแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฃแƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒฃแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒซแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒชแƒ”แƒžแƒขแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒก แƒ™แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒฏแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒงแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒชแƒ. แƒฃแƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ. แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“ แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒฅแƒกแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก

แƒžแƒ แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒกแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ˜แƒก แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒš แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒก. แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฅแƒแƒก แƒฃแƒฌแƒแƒœแƒแƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒžแƒšแƒแƒœแƒ–แƒ” แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก. โ€œแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒกโ€ แƒ™แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒฎแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ. แƒคแƒแƒฃแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒžแƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒแƒกแƒขแƒแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒจแƒแƒ•โ€“แƒ—แƒ”แƒ—แƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ, แƒกแƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒจ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒ”แƒแƒขแƒ แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒขแƒฃแƒš แƒ“แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒก. แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒขแƒแƒŸแƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒœแƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒคแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒกแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒจแƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒฏแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ—แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒงแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒแƒ—แƒแƒกแƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒซแƒšแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒ”แƒœ แƒฃแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒซแƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒแƒ› แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒขแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒคแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒก แƒ™แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒญแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ 3 แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒฏแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ—. แƒšแƒ˜แƒœ แƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ–แƒ”แƒ”แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒชแƒœแƒแƒฃแƒ  แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒแƒœแƒกแƒก แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒก. แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒ แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ• แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜. แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒขแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒคแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒ”แƒกแƒ—แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒœแƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ  แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒแƒซแƒ˜แƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒฆแƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒแƒ› แƒ™แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒฏแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜, แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒแƒœแƒ, แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒแƒฆแƒ˜แƒฅแƒ•แƒแƒ›แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒฌแƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒข แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒก. แƒ›แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒขแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒคแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒฌแƒ แƒแƒคแƒแƒ“ แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ’แƒ˜แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒกแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒšแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ“แƒ–แƒ”, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ–แƒ”แƒช แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒขแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒกแƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒแƒ“ แƒกแƒขแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜, แƒฏแƒฃแƒฏแƒ˜แƒกแƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒก แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒคแƒ”แƒฎแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฅแƒแƒก แƒแƒ แƒแƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒ”แƒก แƒ‘แƒ แƒฌแƒงแƒ˜แƒœแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ” แƒจแƒแƒ•โ€“แƒ—แƒ”แƒ—แƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒฏแƒ”แƒ  แƒ›แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒฃแƒ  แƒขแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒคแƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒช แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ แƒจแƒžแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒฃแƒ›แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒ”แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“ แƒฅแƒชแƒ”แƒ•แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒแƒ˜แƒคแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ‘แƒฃแƒ“แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ  แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒšแƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒฎแƒฃแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒซแƒ˜แƒšแƒ–แƒ” แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒกแƒก. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒจแƒ”แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ โ€œแƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒฎแƒ˜แƒก แƒญแƒ˜แƒจแƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ˜โ€ แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ›แƒžแƒšแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒคแƒ แƒแƒ’แƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒก.

แƒŸแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜: แƒ—แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒšแƒฐแƒแƒ แƒœแƒ˜, แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒคแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ’ แƒชแƒฃแƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒœแƒ˜, แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒš แƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒฐแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜, แƒ“แƒแƒ—แƒ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ“แƒแƒซแƒ” 84


THE 13th edition of KOLGA TBILISI PHOTO We would like to thank every photographer for sharing their stories and visions with us, the panel of judges. It was a delightful experience being a judge of the contest and evaluating such strong and diverse works. With our final selection of winners and shortlisted candidates, we took the opportunity to express our views on the visual world today as well as what we are looking for in photography: a narrative, a story, a rhythm, a vision. The winning reportage โ€œSuburbiaโ€ by Arnau Bach reflects the way of life of the gangs on the streets of Parisian suburbs: gregarious lives of their members and their love for hip-hop culture, together with scenes of daily violence, which is an integral part of their everyday lives. This yearโ€™s prize for Documentary Photography is shared between John Trotter and Giulio Di Sturco. Using very different visual languages, both photographers are showing the irreversible damage to the fragile ecology along rivers. Trotterโ€™s series about the Colorado in the Southwestern United States and Northwestern Mexico is an exploration of the disconnection many Americans have with their source of water. His strong black-and-white photographs are focusing on individual people in the context of their life along the river. The impressive color photographs by Giulio Di Sturco are showing his spiritual and emotional relation to the Ganges between fascination for this Holy River and fear for the diseases caused by constant pollution of the water from industrial waste. For Wendy Sacks, winner in the Conceptual Photography category, water has become a medium for physical and emotional healing. Photography is an important therapeutic instrument for her and by using the camera during bathing with her young children, she is at

the same time, performing her daily activities. The scenery seems to be weightless and subconscious feelings are emerging. Telling a whole story in โ€˜one shotโ€™ is the greatest challenge in this category. Fausto Podavini is masterfully using the possibilities of black-and-white photography to create a theatrical and dramatic tension between the individual and the anonymous frightening mass. The radical cut and out of focus in his winning picture is forcing the fantasy of the spectator to imagine many possible stories. This yearโ€™s new category is Mobile Photo and there are 3 winners promoting this idea. The single mobile shots by Linn Phyllis Seeger are creating a strange balance between reality and fiction. All photographs were taken in ordinary, everyday situations, but Seeger is using the special aesthetic of the mobile phone to force a surrealistic perception of the surrounding world immersed in a prevailing mood of melancholy. Simona Bonanno, the second winner in this category, is playing in a humorous way with the decisive moment. With her mobile phone, she is reacting very quickly on the funny constellation of a giant sculpture illustrating an emotional snapshot and a very static, dwarf looking photographer installing the camera on a tripod seemingly in the wrong direction. This brilliant black-and-white photograph shows that being mobile is sometimes an advantage. Making the mystery more accessible was the challenge for Marco Spinner, while taking photographs with his iPhone during a fiveweek meditation at the Buddhist retreat center Tara Mandala. The images of his series โ€œOpening the Gates to Spaceโ€ are showing contemplative moments and fragments, tracing an uplifting and transformative experience. Judges: Tina Schelhorn, Wolfgang Zurborn, Bill Kouwenhowen, Dato Tskhadadze

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แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒฏแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜

แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ˜

winners แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ˜

แƒคแƒแƒฃแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒžแƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ

แƒ แƒ”แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒแƒŸแƒ˜

แƒแƒ แƒœแƒแƒฃ แƒ‘แƒแƒฎแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒกแƒžแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜

แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒชแƒ”แƒžแƒขแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒ

แƒฃแƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒกแƒ˜ แƒแƒจแƒจ

แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ

แƒฏแƒแƒœ แƒขแƒ แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒจแƒจ

แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ

แƒฏแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ

แƒฏแƒ”แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒ

แƒšแƒ˜แƒœ แƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ–แƒ”แƒ”แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ

แƒฏแƒ”แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒ

แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒแƒœแƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ

แƒฏแƒ”แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒ

แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ แƒจแƒžแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ

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แƒคแƒแƒฃแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒžแƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ Fausto Podavini แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒจแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ Woman in Black

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แƒ แƒ”แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒแƒŸแƒ˜

Reportage

แƒแƒ แƒœแƒแƒฃ แƒ‘แƒแƒฎแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒฃแƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒ˜ (แƒžแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒฃแƒ‘แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜) 2005 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ”แƒ›แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒจแƒ˜, 15 แƒ“แƒ 17 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ“ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ‘แƒฃแƒแƒœแƒ แƒขแƒ แƒแƒแƒ แƒ, แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ แƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒขแƒงแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒฆแƒฃแƒžแƒœแƒ”แƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒžแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒก แƒฉแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ”แƒ—แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ— แƒฃแƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ™แƒšแƒ˜แƒจแƒ˜-แƒกแƒฃแƒ‘แƒฃแƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒžแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ. แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ–แƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒฎแƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ. แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ แƒžแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒฌแƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒกแƒฌแƒ แƒแƒคแƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒฃแƒ‘แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก 42 แƒ™แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ แƒ–แƒ”. แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒฃแƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒช แƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒชแƒฎแƒšแƒจแƒ˜. แƒแƒ› แƒ แƒ”แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒแƒŸแƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒกแƒแƒคแƒฃแƒซแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒซแƒแƒ แƒชแƒ•แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒแƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ•แƒขแƒแƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ แƒแƒšแƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒขแƒกแƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜. แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒฌแƒงแƒ•แƒ˜แƒขแƒ” แƒ˜แƒฅแƒแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒ. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒฃแƒ™แƒ”แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ› แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒช แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒœ แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒซแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ. 2006, 2007, 2010 แƒ“แƒ 2012 แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜, แƒžแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒก 93-แƒ” แƒ“แƒ”แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒก แƒ•แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ˜, แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ-แƒกแƒ”แƒœ-แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก, แƒžแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒก แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒฃแƒ‘แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—-แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒก. แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ™แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒกแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒคแƒ แƒแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒฃแƒฅแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒฅแƒขแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒก แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฅแƒฃแƒฉแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. แƒ“แƒแƒฃแƒกแƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ แƒฏแƒ’แƒฃแƒคแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ‘แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜, แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ—แƒ˜แƒกแƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒขแƒ แƒฃแƒฅแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒœ. แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“ แƒงแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒแƒฅแƒชแƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒœ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ— แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฏแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒขแƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒชแƒ›แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒแƒฎแƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒœ. แƒ˜แƒฅ, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒกแƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒš แƒกแƒ˜แƒฆแƒแƒขแƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒ— แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒฏแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜, แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒชแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ™แƒšแƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ›แƒแƒแƒ“ แƒฃแƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ. แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒคแƒฃแƒคแƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒคแƒแƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ™แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ•แƒแƒญแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ˜แƒฎแƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒœ; แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒช แƒจแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ— แƒฃแƒ‘แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒžแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ แƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ›แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒ. แƒ”แƒก แƒ แƒ”แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒแƒŸแƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒฃแƒ‘แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ› แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒฃแƒฉแƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒœแƒแƒ“, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒฃแƒ  แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒฐแƒ˜แƒž-แƒฐแƒแƒž แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒกแƒ˜แƒงแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒก แƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ‘แƒก, แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ•แƒ” แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒงแƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ.

Arnau Bach Suburbia (Paris Suburbs) In November 2005, Zyed Benna and Bouna Traore, 15 and 17 years old, respectively, die after being electrocuted by an electric generator while hiding from police in their neighborhood, Clichy Sous Bois, in the north of Paris. Their friends and neighbors get angry quickly. A pitched battle against police flares up, rapidly spreading to the 42 kilometers of suburbs that surround the French capital. Shortly all the other suburbs of the most important French cities would also burn. The blurred and decontextualized images of looted shops, cars in flames and uncontrollable violence triggered the start of this report. One year later I decided to go there to try to better understand a reality that was only being shown when the outbreaks of violence were attractive enough to get onto the media agenda. In 2006, 2007, 2010 and 2012 I went to department 93 in Paris, specifically to Seine St. Denis, one of Parisโ€™s largest suburbs. Lack of jobs and the virtual absence of facilities and space for leisure means young people spend hours on the streets. Groups of friends, without any occupation, kill time on the corners of the peculiar and labyrinthine urban structure of their neighborhoods. They pay close attention to their image and show their clothesโ€™ brand. The presence of high-cylinder motorcycles and the latest generation mobile phones are surprising in a place where people are condemned to lives of desperate poverty. This flashy lifestyle is paid for by drug trafficking, an activity that becomes relatively easy in neighborhoods where a police presence is practically anecdotal. Meanwhile, most families live on public benefits. This report seeks to reflect the way of life on the street for these gangs of the Paris Suburbs: the gregarious lives of their members and their love for hip-hop culture, together with scenes of daily violence, which are a constant presence in their everyday lives.

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แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒชแƒ”แƒžแƒขแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜

Conceptual

แƒฃแƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒกแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒš แƒฌแƒงแƒแƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒแƒซแƒ˜แƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒก แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ–แƒ˜แƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒชแƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒฉแƒœแƒ“แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒก แƒ›แƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒฌแƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœ แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ•แƒ”แƒฆแƒแƒ  แƒ•แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒœ. แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ›แƒแƒช แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒแƒœแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒช แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“ แƒฉแƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒ“แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ. แƒฌแƒงแƒแƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒงแƒแƒคแƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฆแƒ‘แƒ”แƒญแƒ“แƒ•แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ”. แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒแƒžแƒแƒ แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒ–แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒงแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ˜, แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒกแƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ, แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒœแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ•แƒฃแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒกแƒแƒกแƒฌแƒ แƒแƒคแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒฅแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ“ แƒ•แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ˜. แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒช แƒ•แƒ›แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒœแƒแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ˜, แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ, แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒ˜ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ, แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒช แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒก แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒฌแƒ˜แƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒชแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ. แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒฃแƒฅแƒ›แƒแƒ“ แƒ•แƒงแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ•แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒฆแƒ•แƒ•แƒกแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ˜, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒแƒฆแƒแƒ  แƒ•แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ˜. แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ” แƒแƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ”แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒ–แƒ”, แƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ•แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ–แƒ”, แƒกแƒ˜แƒงแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ–แƒ”, แƒกแƒ”แƒ•แƒ“แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ“แƒ แƒฃแƒฅแƒ›แƒแƒ“ แƒงแƒแƒคแƒœแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒชแƒแƒ“แƒœแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ  แƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒคแƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒฃแƒš แƒ‘แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒจแƒ แƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒ“แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒฅแƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ; แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒช โ€œแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒš แƒฌแƒงแƒแƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒแƒซแƒ˜แƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜โ€ แƒฅแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ. Wendy Sacks Immersed in Living Water This series is a cathartic endeavor. It started when I became handicapped and I could no longer bathe my small children from outside of the tub so I got in the tub with them to make it easier. I started to photograph them in water. When I looked through the camera lens, I remembered the children I had photographed for teaching purposes when I was an Emergency Medicine Physician. Some of the children I had treated had just been born, some were sick and some even died on my watch. But now I had time to celebrate and mourn because I had stopped working. I branch out to photograph children other than my own. These images are about life, death, love, mourning, and celebration. My wish is for viewers to explore their own spiritual awareness as they take their time understanding the emotional and fluid nature and layers of the series: Immersed in Living Water

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แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒ documentary photo แƒฏแƒแƒœ แƒขแƒ แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒ แƒฌแƒงแƒแƒšแƒ˜, แƒแƒ แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒšแƒ” 2001 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ, แƒจแƒ”แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒจแƒขแƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ”แƒ—-แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒฉแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ-แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ” แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒ—แƒ แƒ˜ แƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ•แƒฃแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ” แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒ›แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒ” แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒแƒฉแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”, แƒ›แƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒ—แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒจแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒฆแƒแƒช แƒ˜แƒงแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒ›แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒคแƒแƒ แƒœแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒฃแƒœแƒซแƒฃแƒšแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒ”แƒ แƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก, แƒ›แƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ  แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒขแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒ™แƒ•แƒ” แƒแƒฆแƒแƒ  แƒฃแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒฉแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒงแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒ’แƒ›แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ 1922 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒจแƒขแƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ›แƒ แƒจแƒขแƒแƒขแƒ›แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒ› แƒ’แƒแƒ˜แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒก. แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒ™แƒแƒจแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ แƒฅแƒกแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒแƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒก, แƒ แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒช แƒจแƒ”แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ”แƒ แƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒฉแƒฅแƒ”แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ” แƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ” แƒ˜แƒงแƒ. แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ— แƒกแƒแƒคแƒฃแƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒแƒฃแƒงแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒก แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ–แƒ”แƒช แƒจแƒ”แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒจแƒขแƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ”แƒ—-แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ›, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒœแƒ“แƒ, แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฌแƒงแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ โ€“ 1922 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒฎแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒแƒชแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒ˜แƒงแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒคแƒฃแƒซแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒ” แƒคแƒแƒฅแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒงแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก 25 แƒžแƒ แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒ”แƒข แƒฌแƒงแƒแƒšแƒก แƒ“แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒ” แƒ˜แƒฅ แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒก. John Trotter No Agua, No Vida Since 2001, I have been photographing the consequences of the sweeping human alteration of the Colorado River, in the Southwestern United States and Northwestern Mexico. The Colorado, I soon learned, was greatly reduced from what it once was and no longer makes its ancient rendezvous with the Sea of Cortez, between the Baja California peninsula and the Mexican mainland. Forces north of the border had other destinations planned for the riverโ€™s water, and in 1922 divided its annual flow between seven U.S. states and Mexico. They built an extensive network of dams, stilling much of the once roiling river and creating the foundation on which the Southwestern United States has been built. But as it has turned out, the foundation of everything, the premise of 1922, was based more on wishful thinking than fact and up to 25% more water has been promised to the riverโ€™s users than actually exists.

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แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒ documentary photo แƒฏแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ™แƒ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ•แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒšแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒšแƒ, แƒฐแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒšแƒแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒ›แƒงแƒ˜แƒœแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฉแƒœแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒ“แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒก, แƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ” แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒงแƒšแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒคแƒแƒ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ— แƒกแƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒจแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒฉแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒแƒจแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒกแƒฌแƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒ• แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒงแƒ˜แƒคแƒ” แƒ”แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฃแƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ–แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒ—แƒฎแƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒจแƒ” แƒแƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒ“, แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒจแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜. แƒกแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜, แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒฃแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜, แƒฅแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฃแƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒซแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒ“แƒแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ—แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ•แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒ“แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒฎแƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“, แƒ›แƒแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ“, แƒจแƒ”แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒฎแƒกแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก. แƒ”แƒก แƒฌแƒงแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜, แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ”แƒ–แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ. แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒก แƒ•แƒฃแƒ‘แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ•แƒ˜แƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒแƒคแƒฎแƒ˜แƒ–แƒšแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก. แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒš แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒแƒฆแƒซแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒก, แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒแƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒงแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒšแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒฆแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ. แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒฏแƒ”แƒ  แƒ“แƒแƒฆแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜, แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒญแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ”แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœ-แƒ›แƒฎแƒ”แƒชแƒก. แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒขแƒแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒ’แƒแƒคแƒ แƒ—แƒฎแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒกแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒขแƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒฃแƒ›แƒแƒซแƒฆแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒช แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒก, แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒแƒ› แƒฌแƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ–แƒ” แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒ แƒ’แƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒ• แƒฌแƒงแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒชแƒ”แƒ™แƒ•แƒแƒ•แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒจ-แƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒ”แƒ–แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ›แƒ” แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ•แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ  แƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ•แƒคแƒ˜แƒฅแƒ แƒแƒ‘, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฆแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ“แƒแƒก. Giulio Di Sturco Death of a River Climate change is visibly melting the glaciers up in the Himalayas, as the sea level rises and threatens to submerge the Sundarbans. Salination of the land is posing irreversible damage to fragile ecology along the river. Dams are being constructed to the detriment of the river and the communities that live on its banks. The constant polluting of the waters from domestic, industrial, chemical and biological waste makes disease and death a constant and often casual reminder of our fragility. I have been challenged spiritually, emotionally and mentally on so many levels by these waters. Every time I return to the Ganges, I have to force myself to use the physicality of the work as a way to push through and continue the internal dialogue I have with the world around me. India stirs many emotions within me, imperfect and conflicted my experiences have been beautiful and transient. The Ganges is a goddess; moody and fierce at times she holds the human beast within her grasp. I have heard so many warnings of ecological disasters and I have witnessed manโ€™s unforgiving greed for survival as more new cities cut through this holy river. As the water dances around my fingers, teasing me playfully, I stand within her and surrender. I wonder how long mortals can test the gods.

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แƒฏแƒ”แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒ Geocell mobile photo

แƒšแƒ˜แƒœ แƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ–แƒ”แƒ”แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ Linn Phyllis Seeger แƒฃแƒกแƒแƒ—แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ Untitled

แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒแƒœแƒ Simona Bonanno แƒ™แƒแƒชแƒœแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ›แƒ˜ The Kiss and the Film

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แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ แƒจแƒžแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒกแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒญแƒ˜แƒจแƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒฎแƒกแƒœแƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒฎแƒฃแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ โ€“ แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒงแƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒก? แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ“ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ•แƒคแƒ˜แƒฅแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ›แƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒคแƒแƒ แƒขแƒฃแƒš แƒกแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒซแƒ”แƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒแƒšแƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜. แƒ—แƒฃแƒ›แƒชแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ–แƒ แƒ˜แƒฅ แƒฌแƒแƒกแƒ•แƒšแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ. แƒกแƒ˜แƒขแƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒ› แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ” แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒแƒ˜แƒ“แƒฃแƒ›แƒšแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒฌแƒ•แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒก แƒฎแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก. แƒ—แƒฃแƒ›แƒชแƒแƒฆแƒ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒก, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ. แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒญแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ—แƒฃ แƒคแƒ แƒแƒ’แƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒœ, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒฅแƒกแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜. แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒšแƒแƒจแƒ˜ โ€“ แƒ‘แƒฃแƒ“แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ  แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒš แƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช 2400 แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ  แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒšแƒ”แƒ–แƒ”, แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒก แƒกแƒแƒแƒชแƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒงแƒ›แƒฃแƒš แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ›แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ–แƒ” แƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ: โ€œแƒฌแƒ˜แƒ—แƒ”แƒš แƒ‘แƒ”แƒฆแƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒฏแƒ•แƒœแƒ˜แƒ• แƒจแƒ”แƒฃแƒฎแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ—โ€. แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒจแƒ”, แƒแƒ› แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒฃแƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ”แƒก แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒชแƒ แƒฌแƒ˜แƒ’แƒœแƒแƒ“, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒš แƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒฌแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”. แƒแƒ› แƒ’แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒฃแƒฎแƒแƒ“แƒ” แƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ แƒชแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒ› แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒแƒช แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒšแƒ 20 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœ แƒ“แƒแƒแƒแƒ แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒซแƒฆแƒแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒก. แƒ“แƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒ’แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ แƒ— แƒ›แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒช แƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒฃแƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒก, แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฆแƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. Marco Spinner Opening the Gates to Space To meditate for five weeks โ€“ what might it be like? Resting comfortably in my airplane seat, this question occupied my mind. Well, the only way to find out was to go and do it. Words alone convey just a tiny slice of the experience. Images make the mystery more accessible. Nothing however beats doing it. In this series, the images flow more from heart than mind. They are contemplative moments and fragments tracing an uplifting and transformative experience. The images were created at Tara Mandala, a Buddhist retreat center, which is located at an altitude of 8,000 feet nestled away in the stupendous Colorado Mountains. The directions for visitors state: โ€œTurn right at the red barn.โ€ Without this hint, the place is rather impossible to find. The series became a book edition, which I donated to the retreat center. Thatโ€™s my way of saying thank you to Lama Tsรผltrim Allione, who founded Tara Mandala 20 years ago and still runs the place. And if the book inspires even one reader to go and meditate himself, that would be quite an achievement. 97


แƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ Emiliano Thibaut Mexico

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แƒฅแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ  แƒ‘แƒฃแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒคแƒ Christopher Booth United Kingdom

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แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒ แƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ™แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ Daro Sulakauri Georgia

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แƒคแƒแƒฃแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒžแƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ Fausto Podavini Italy

แƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒแƒ– แƒ›แƒ”แƒกแƒฎแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ Nikoloz Meskhi Georgia

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แƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒžแƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ Filippo Venturi Italy

แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒฉแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ Mona Delic Germany

แƒ“แƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“ แƒšแƒแƒฃแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ David Lauer Mexico

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แƒฅแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒกแƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ Christian Nilson Switzerland

แƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ’แƒแƒšแƒแƒซแƒ” แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ Maka Gogaladze Georgia

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Tomasz Lazar Poland

แƒฎแƒฃแƒแƒœ แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒ” แƒ”แƒกแƒžแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ Juan Aballe Spain

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Frederic Vanwalleghem Belgium

แƒขแƒแƒ›แƒแƒจ แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒšแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜

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แƒคแƒ แƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™ แƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ’แƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ

แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ Mari Nakanimamasakhlisi Georgia

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แƒšแƒฃแƒ™แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒคแƒ Luca Desienna United Kingdom

Mafalda Rakos Austria

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แƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒซแƒ” แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ Levan GiorgadzGeorgia

แƒ›แƒแƒคแƒแƒšแƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ™แƒแƒกแƒ˜ แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒ

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แƒšแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒจแƒจ Loli Kantor USA

แƒ™แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒฐแƒ”แƒกแƒ” แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ Katarina Hesse Germany

แƒฏแƒแƒœ แƒขแƒ แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒจแƒจ John Trotter USA

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แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒข แƒ แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒ Robert Rutoed Austria

แƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ แƒคแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ Enrico Fabian India

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แƒœแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ– แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒšแƒแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ Nafise Motlaq Malaysia

แƒขแƒแƒ แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒœ แƒจแƒฃแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ Torsten Schuman Germany

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แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒข แƒฐแƒ˜แƒ แƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒœแƒ’แƒ แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ Balint Hirling Hungary

แƒ–แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ Zaza Bigvava Georgia

แƒ’แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒš แƒฐแƒแƒ แƒฐแƒแƒคแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ Gabriele Harhoff Germany

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แƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒ Thomas Schell Austria

แƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒœ แƒฃแƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒคแƒ Ruilin Wendy United Kingdom

แƒšแƒฃแƒ™แƒ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ Luca Widmer Germany

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แƒœแƒฃแƒ›แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ Numo Rama Brazil

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แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒšแƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ™แƒ˜ แƒแƒจแƒจ Dina Litovsky USA

Tahir รœn Turkey

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แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒ แƒ’แƒฃแƒฏแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒซแƒ” แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ Anka Gujabidze Georgia

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Filipe Bianchi Portugal

แƒขแƒแƒฐแƒ˜แƒ  แƒ˜แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒฃแƒ แƒฅแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜

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แƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒžแƒ” แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒฃแƒ’แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ

แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒกแƒžแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ Marina Morn Spain

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แƒฅแƒกแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ Ksenia Yurkova Russia

แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒฐแƒแƒกแƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒœแƒ˜ Aria Abolhassani Iran

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แƒ“แƒแƒ—แƒ แƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒซแƒ” แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ Dato Koridze Georgia

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SHORTLIST

แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ˜ One shot

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แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜

แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒชแƒ”แƒžแƒขแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ Conceptual แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒ แƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒแƒžแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ Alecia Neo Singapore แƒแƒšแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ™แƒšแƒ” แƒšแƒแƒขแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ Alnis Stakle Latvia แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒคแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒคแƒ Attilio Fiumarella United Kingdom 98


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แƒšแƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒก แƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ Lukas Linder Switzerland

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Dagobert Hartmann Germany

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แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒแƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ Mattia Vacca Italy

แƒ“แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒข แƒฐแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ

แƒ”แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒข แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒขแƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ Eckart Bartnik Germany

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แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ™แƒแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒกแƒ˜ แƒœแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ Vivian Keulards Netherlands

แƒœแƒฃแƒ›แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ Numo Rama Brazil

แƒฅแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ  แƒ™แƒแƒžแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒแƒจแƒจ Christopher Capozziello USA

แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ‘แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ Eva Brunner Germany

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แƒขแƒ˜แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒ–แƒแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒฃแƒ’แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ Tiago Casanova Portugal

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Thais Medina Spain

แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒข แƒฐแƒ˜แƒ แƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒœแƒ’แƒ แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ Balint Hirling Hungary

แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒšแƒแƒขแƒ แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒคแƒ Carlotta Cardana United Kingdom

แƒคแƒแƒฃแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒžแƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ Fausto Podavini Italy

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แƒขแƒแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒžแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜

แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒ แƒ’แƒฃแƒฏแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒซแƒ” แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ Anka Gujabidze Georgia

แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒฅแƒแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ Alison McCauley Switzerland

แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ Gordon Welters Germany

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แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ“ แƒ™ แƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒœแƒ˜ Morvarid K. Iran

Duccio Doretti Italy

แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒคแƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ Stefan Marinov Bulgaria

แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ/แƒฅแƒ”แƒ—แƒ แƒฆแƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒคแƒแƒซแƒ” แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ Maria Saphronova/Qeta Gvinepadze Georgia

แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ Documentary

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แƒœแƒ˜แƒœแƒ-แƒแƒœแƒ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒแƒซแƒ” แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ Nino-Ana Samkharadze Georgia

แƒขแƒแƒฐแƒ˜แƒ  แƒ˜แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒฃแƒ แƒฅแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ Tahir รœn Turkey

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Mike Crawford United Kingdom

แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ–แƒ”แƒœแƒชแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒฃแƒ™แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ Valeria Mezentseva Ukraine

แƒ“แƒฃแƒฉแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ

แƒ–แƒ˜แƒšแƒ™แƒ” แƒ™แƒแƒฐแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒœแƒแƒ˜แƒ Silke Koch Germany

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แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒ™ แƒฅแƒ แƒแƒฃแƒคแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒคแƒ

แƒกแƒแƒœแƒ” แƒ“แƒ” แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ“แƒ” แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ Sanne De Wilde Belgium

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แƒ˜แƒแƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒ  แƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ Jasper Bastian Germany

แƒžแƒแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒ™ แƒฃแƒ˜แƒšแƒฅแƒแƒฅแƒ˜ แƒฐแƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ˜ Patrik Willocq Hong Kong

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แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“ แƒคแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒกแƒžแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ David Favrod Spain

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แƒฐแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒฐแƒ˜แƒขแƒ แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒžแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ Hirohito Nomoto Japan

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แƒคแƒ แƒแƒœแƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒกแƒ˜ แƒแƒจแƒจ Francisco Diaz USA

แƒแƒšแƒ’แƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ–แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ Olga Ingurazova Russia

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แƒฅแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒค แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ Christoph Ermisch Germany

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แƒ‘แƒ”แƒแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒฐแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒขแƒ˜ แƒแƒจแƒจ Beatrix R Reinhardt USA

แƒ˜แƒšแƒ™แƒ˜แƒœ แƒฐแƒฃแƒกแƒ”แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒแƒ–แƒ”แƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒ˜แƒฏแƒแƒœแƒ˜ Ilkin Huseynov Azerbaijan


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แƒฏแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ Giulio Di Sturco Italy

แƒ™ แƒ› แƒแƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒšแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ K M Asad Bangladesh

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แƒฏแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒš แƒกแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒคแƒ Giovanna Del Sarto United Kingdom

แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒก แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ Jonas Wresch Germany

แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒš แƒ’แƒแƒšแƒแƒ•แƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒ™แƒ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ Kirill Golovchenko Germany

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แƒคแƒแƒฃแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒžแƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ Fausto Podavini Italy

แƒฏแƒ”แƒ˜แƒ›แƒก แƒฃแƒ˜แƒ—แƒšแƒแƒฃ แƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒžแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ James Whitlow Delano Japan

แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒฃแƒก แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ Marcus Reichmann Germany

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แƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜แƒขแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ Dmitry Kostyukov Russia

Ivor Prickett United Kingdom

แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒฃแƒจแƒ™แƒ แƒคแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒšแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ Martushka Fromeast Poland

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แƒฅแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒœ แƒฅแƒ”แƒžแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ Kristin Capp Namibia

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แƒฅแƒ”แƒ—แƒ แƒ˜แƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒคแƒ Katharine MacDaid United Kingdom

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แƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜แƒขแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ Dmitry Kostyukov Russia

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แƒ“แƒแƒ—แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ Dato Daraselia Georgia

แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒšแƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ™แƒ˜ แƒแƒจแƒจ Dina Litovsky USA

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แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒคแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ’ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ Wolfgang Mueller Germany

แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒ แƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ™แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ Daro Sulakauri Georgia

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แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒแƒœแƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ Simona Bonanno Italy

แƒแƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒ  แƒžแƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒคแƒ

แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ Massimo Barberio Italy

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แƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒก แƒจแƒ˜แƒšแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒœแƒ’แƒ แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ Tamรกs Schild Hungary

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แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒ แƒขแƒแƒฉแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ Maia Tochilashvili Georgia

Lorenzo Masi Italy

แƒ แƒ”แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒแƒŸแƒ˜ Reportage

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แƒ›แƒแƒคแƒแƒšแƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ™แƒแƒกแƒ˜ แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒ Mafalda Rakos Austria

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แƒ™แƒแƒกแƒขแƒแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒแƒกแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ Costas Maros Switzerland

แƒšแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒœแƒชแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ

แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒขแƒ˜ แƒแƒจแƒจ Sebastian Collett USA

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แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒกแƒขแƒแƒœแƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒžแƒ™แƒ แƒžแƒแƒšแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ Konstancja Nowina Konopka Poland

แƒกแƒแƒœแƒ” แƒ“แƒ” แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ“แƒ” แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ Sanne De Wilde Belgium

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แƒšแƒฃแƒ™แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒคแƒ Luca Desienna United Kingdom

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แƒ™แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ แƒ แƒ”แƒ–แƒ•แƒแƒ˜แƒ/แƒ›แƒ˜แƒจแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒŸแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ Katya Rezvaya/Misha Domozhilov Russia

218

แƒฎแƒฃแƒแƒœ แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒ” แƒ”แƒกแƒžแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ Juan Aballe Spain

Majid Saeedi Iran

244

แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ–แƒแƒžแƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ Jan Zappner Germany

แƒ›แƒแƒฏแƒ˜แƒ“ แƒกแƒแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒœแƒ˜

246

210 212

Ivor Prickett United Kingdom

220

214

แƒแƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒ  แƒžแƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒคแƒ

แƒกแƒฃแƒกแƒแƒœแƒ แƒฎแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒกแƒžแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ Susana Giron Spain 100


แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒแƒœแƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ Simona Bonanno Italy แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ” แƒกแƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ”แƒœแƒชแƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ Simone Sapienza Italy แƒšแƒ˜แƒœ แƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ–แƒ”แƒ”แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ Linn Phyllis Seeger Germany

Tatiana Remneva Russia แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ Marco Castelli Italy แƒšแƒฃแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ แƒฉแƒแƒšแƒแƒ—แƒแƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ Luisa Chalatashvili Georgia แƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ แƒคแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ Enrico Fabian India แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ› แƒžแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ Mariam Patiashvili Georgia

318 318

Vakhtang Kuntsev-Gabashvili Georgia

318

แƒขแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ แƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒœแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜

แƒ•แƒแƒฎแƒขแƒแƒœแƒ’ แƒ™แƒฃแƒœแƒชแƒ”แƒ•-แƒ’แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ

แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒแƒœแƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ Simona Bonanno Italy แƒกแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒจแƒขแƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ Sandra Stein Germany

319

314 315 315

304,317 306,300 310 312

Reinis Fjodorovs Latvia

313

311 101

แƒ แƒ”แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒ˜แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ˜ แƒšแƒแƒขแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ

316

แƒœแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒŸแƒ“แƒ แƒžแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ Nadezhda Pavlova Bulgaria

แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฉแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒžแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ Michiko Makino Japan

แƒคแƒ แƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™ แƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ’แƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ Frederic Vanwalleghem Belgium

316

แƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒ แƒ™แƒฃแƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ Maka Kukulava Georgia

Mattia Vacca Italy

แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒœแƒฃแƒก แƒกแƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒšแƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ Magnus Cederlund Denmark

317

300

แƒ™แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒฐแƒ”แƒกแƒ” แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ Katharina Hesse Germany

แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒแƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ

Natali Burduli Georgia

317

299

แƒ“แƒ˜แƒขแƒ”แƒ  แƒ–แƒแƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ Dieter Seitz Germany

แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ Massimo Barberio Italy

แƒœแƒแƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒฃแƒ แƒ“แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ

318

298

แƒฅแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒคแƒ Chris Barrett United Kingdom

แƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒ Thomas Schell Austria

308,314

297315

แƒ‘แƒแƒ’แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ Bogi Bell Germany

301

แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒฐแƒแƒกแƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒœแƒ˜ Arya Abolhassani Iran

303

296,315

แƒฏแƒ”แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒ geocell mobile photo

207

Tomasz Lazar Poland

แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ Mari Nakanimamasakhlisi Georgia

314

292

แƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒจ แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒšแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜

แƒ™แƒšแƒแƒฃแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ Claudio Cambon France

แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ˜

ONE SHOT


แƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒžแƒ” แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒ˜ Filipe Bianchi

แƒ’แƒแƒ˜แƒฆแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒ—, แƒ—แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒœ แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒแƒžแƒฃแƒ แƒจแƒ˜ แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ— Smile,Youโ€™re in Singapore. แƒ“แƒแƒ—แƒ แƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒซแƒ” Dato Koridze แƒ›แƒ–แƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ—แƒแƒฎแƒ˜ Mziaโ€™s Red Room

แƒฅแƒกแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒ Ksenia Yurkova

แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒšแƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ™แƒ˜ Dina Litovsky

แƒ˜แƒแƒžแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ Japan

แƒ›แƒแƒงแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜. แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ The Audience, Fashion Week

แƒ“แƒแƒ—แƒ แƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒซแƒ” Dato Koridze แƒฃแƒกแƒแƒ—แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ Untitled

แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒ แƒ’แƒฃแƒฏแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒซแƒ” Anka Ggujabidze แƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ™แƒ˜ โ€œแƒฏแƒแƒœแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒžแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒโ€ Georgian Circus โ€œJano and Companyโ€



แƒœแƒฃแƒ›แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ Numo Rama แƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒฎแƒšแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ The Carnivorous

104


แƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ Thomas Schell แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒšแƒ˜ Flames of Hope

แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒข แƒฐแƒ˜แƒ แƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒ˜ Balint Hirling แƒกแƒ”แƒšแƒคแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ•แƒจแƒ˜ Kiev Selfie

แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒฐแƒแƒกแƒแƒœแƒ˜ Arya Abolhassani แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ โ€œแƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ˜-แƒจแƒฃแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜โ€ (แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒฉแƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ”แƒชแƒฎแƒ•แƒ) From the series โ€œQali-Shuyanโ€ (Washing the Carpet) 105


แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒœแƒ˜ Marina Morn แƒฉแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒกแƒแƒช แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ•แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ—แƒšแƒ” XII Tambiรฉn se Enciende la Sombra XII

แƒขแƒแƒฐแƒ˜แƒ  แƒ˜แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜ Tahir รœn

แƒงแƒ˜แƒ แƒ’แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ, แƒขแƒแƒจแƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜, แƒฉแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ Kyrgyz Girl,Tashkurgan,China

แƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒœ แƒฃแƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒ˜ Ruilin Wendy แƒ–แƒแƒ›แƒ—แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒฆแƒ” A Cold Wintry Day

106


แƒ–แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ•แƒ Zaza Bigvava แƒ›แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒ•แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒš Milan Pavement

แƒœแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ– แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜ Nafise Motlaq แƒ›แƒ”แƒฉแƒ”แƒ—แƒจแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒฅแƒ›แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒขแƒงแƒ•แƒ Speech in a Mosque

แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒข แƒ แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ“แƒ˜ Robert Rutoed แƒฃแƒกแƒแƒ—แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ Untitled 107


แƒšแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜ Loli Kantor

แƒแƒšแƒคแƒ แƒ”แƒ“ แƒ“แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ แƒจแƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ Alfred and Veronika Schreyer

แƒšแƒฃแƒ™แƒ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ Luca Widmer

Bar 1000

oT 108


แƒ’แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒš แƒฐแƒแƒ แƒฐแƒแƒคแƒ˜ Gabriele Harhoff

แƒขแƒแƒ แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒœ แƒจแƒฃแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜ Torsten Schuman

แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒ˜ Istanbul

แƒ“แƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒ, แƒ“แƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒ Disco Disco 109

แƒขแƒแƒ แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒœ แƒจแƒฃแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜ Torsten Schuman แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒšแƒ Up


แƒ™แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒฐแƒ”แƒกแƒ” Katharina Hesse แƒ—แƒ”แƒแƒขแƒ แƒ˜ Theatre

แƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒซแƒ” Levan Giorgadze แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒ Umbrella

แƒšแƒฃแƒ™แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒ”แƒœแƒ Luca Desienna แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒจแƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒžแƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ–แƒ™แƒ Interpreting Maramures, Anuzka

แƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ แƒคแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ Enrico Fabian แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒ›แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ–แƒฃแƒ แƒ’แƒ–แƒ” The Monkey on his Back

110



แƒคแƒ แƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™ แƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ’แƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ Frederic Vanwalleghem แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒšแƒแƒœ แƒ แƒแƒ–แƒแƒœแƒ˜ โ€“ แƒขแƒแƒ™แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒ˜ Marlon Razon โ€“ Tacloban

แƒคแƒ แƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™ แƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ’แƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ Frederic Vanwalleghem แƒ›แƒแƒฐแƒแƒ แƒšแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒก แƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒขแƒ™แƒ”แƒชแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ โ€“ แƒขแƒแƒ™แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒ˜ Along Maharlika Highway โ€“ Tacloban

แƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒแƒฃแƒขแƒ˜

Emiliano Thibaut

แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒงแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ My First Love

แƒฏแƒแƒœ แƒขแƒ แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ John Trotter แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ—แƒแƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ™แƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒš, แƒ™แƒ”แƒ–แƒ˜แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“, แƒ‘แƒ แƒฃแƒ™แƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜, แƒœแƒ˜แƒฃ แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ˜ Denroy Stoner in Church with his Daughter, Kezia, Brooklyn, New York

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แƒ›แƒแƒคแƒแƒšแƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ™แƒแƒกแƒ˜ Mafalda Rakos แƒแƒ˜แƒจแƒแƒขแƒฃ, แƒ™แƒแƒคแƒแƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒšแƒ˜แƒชแƒ”แƒฃแƒ›แƒ˜ Aichatou, Lycรฉe de Kafountine

แƒ›แƒแƒคแƒแƒšแƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ™แƒแƒกแƒ˜ Mafalda Rakos แƒ‘แƒฃแƒ‘แƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ˜, แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒš แƒกแƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒก Boubacar, Copying Todayโ€™s Homework

แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ Mari Nakanimamasakhlisi

แƒขแƒแƒ›แƒแƒจ แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ แƒ˜ Tomasz Lazar

แƒœแƒแƒญแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ–แƒ” Piece of the Sun

แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ โ€œแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒ”แƒแƒขแƒ แƒ˜โ€ From the series โ€œTheater of Lifeโ€

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แƒฅแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒกแƒแƒœแƒ˜ Christian Nilson แƒฃแƒกแƒแƒ—แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ Untitled

แƒฅแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒกแƒแƒœแƒ˜

Christian Nilson แƒฃแƒกแƒแƒ—แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ Untitled

แƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒžแƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ Filippo Venturi แƒจแƒ”แƒขแƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’ After the Clash 116


แƒคแƒแƒฃแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒžแƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ Fausto Podavini แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒฃแƒ แƒฃแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ Samburu Children

แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒ แƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ™แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ Daro Sulakauri แƒ‘แƒแƒ—แƒฃแƒ›แƒ˜ Batumi

แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒ แƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ™แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ Daro Sulakauri แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒ’แƒ”แƒ–แƒ˜: แƒžแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’ แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒจแƒ˜ Occupy Gezi: Police against Protestors in Istanbul 117


แƒฅแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ  แƒ‘แƒฃแƒ— Christopher Booth

แƒฎแƒฃแƒแƒœ แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒ” Juan Aballe

แƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ’แƒแƒšแƒแƒซแƒ” Maka Gogaladze

แƒ–แƒแƒแƒžแƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒขแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒก The Zoo at Closing Time

แƒ’แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ แƒกแƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ–แƒ” (แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒžแƒฃแƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ) Girl on Chair (Dominican Republic)

แƒ˜แƒกแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒœแƒ™แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ. แƒฎแƒ”แƒ•แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ Ismail from Pankisi. Khevsureti 118


แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒฉแƒ˜ Mona Delic

แƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒแƒ– แƒ›แƒ”แƒกแƒฎแƒ˜ Nikolozi Meskhi

แƒ“แƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“ แƒšแƒแƒฃแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ David Lauer

แƒ—แƒฃแƒ แƒฅแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ–แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒ—แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ Ways to Make Turkish Coffee

แƒ—แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ Tbilisoba

แƒฃแƒกแƒแƒ—แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ Untitled

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แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒชแƒ”แƒžแƒขแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜

Conceptual

แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒ แƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒฐแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ–แƒ” 2011 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก, แƒ˜แƒ แƒ’แƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒ• แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒกแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ”, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ โ€œแƒ›แƒ”โ€โ€“แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒแƒขแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฆแƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ•แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” โ€œแƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ‘แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜โ€. แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ’แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒแƒžแƒฃแƒ แƒจแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒแƒช แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ” โ€“ แƒขแƒ แƒแƒขแƒฃแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒฆแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ โ€“ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ— แƒกแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒแƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒก, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒแƒฅแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ” แƒแƒ  แƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ—. แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒคแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฃแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒญแƒแƒ แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ™แƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒแƒžแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ  แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒชแƒ. แƒฃแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒก, แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒก แƒแƒฎแƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒก แƒกแƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ  แƒ›แƒแƒšแƒแƒžแƒแƒ แƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒซแƒแƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ”. แƒแƒ› แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒงแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒก แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ” โ€œแƒฐแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ–แƒ”โ€, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒแƒžแƒฃแƒ แƒจแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒฌแƒงแƒœแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒฃแƒคแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒแƒขแƒ•แƒแƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒขแƒฃแƒ  แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒแƒœแƒกแƒก แƒแƒแƒœแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒแƒ› แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒจแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒš แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒœแƒข แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒก, แƒ แƒŸแƒ”แƒœแƒก, แƒ•แƒ—แƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ”, แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒแƒžแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒ โ€“ แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ›แƒแƒแƒ“ แƒแƒ‘แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒ“แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒแƒœแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒฃแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ” โ€“ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒฆแƒ, แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฅแƒแƒก แƒฐแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ–แƒ” แƒ”แƒซแƒ˜แƒœแƒ. แƒแƒ› แƒžแƒแƒ–แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ™แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ–แƒ” แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒฌแƒงแƒœแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒแƒœแƒก. แƒ แƒŸแƒ”แƒœแƒ›แƒ แƒ”แƒก แƒกแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒแƒžแƒฃแƒ แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒ˜ แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒก แƒ˜แƒฅแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒกแƒ™แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช. แƒ”แƒ แƒ—โ€“แƒแƒ  แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒฌแƒแƒ“แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒก แƒฉแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ”แƒก แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒœ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒจแƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ, แƒแƒฏแƒแƒฎแƒก แƒ“แƒแƒฃแƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ”แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ—. แƒ›แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒ•แƒ. แƒ แƒŸแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ›แƒ แƒชแƒแƒšแƒ›แƒ แƒฉแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒฆแƒ, แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒฃแƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ แƒฅแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒแƒก, แƒ”แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ” แƒ›แƒ”. Alecia Neo Resting on the Horizon In 2011, through observing our spaces as a reflection of self and perceiving materiality as a significant part of personality and desire, I worked on the series Public Conversations, in which I photographed foreign workers in Singapore, who have turned common public spaces, such as sidewalks and garden benches, into their private spaces due to the lack of personal space in their rented flats. Home ownership, and the huge influx of foreign workers have become major concerns in Singapore. Touching on the very fragile relationships between foreigners and locals, it explores how use of our shared spaces, reflect upon everyday negotiations and tensions. These works have led to my latest project Resting on the Horizon which explores the delicate balance between tolerance and expression in foreign workers in Singapore. In this work, I have requested that a Chinese migrant worker, Ah Zhen, performs an action at a beach in Singapore. He was asked to attempt a rather absurd task: to find sleep on the horizon. His posture reveals a tattoo on his arm, which says Tolerance. Ah Zhen had the tattoo made in Singapore. He has only one tattoo, and this will be his last. He will return to China in one or two years. During this time he has spent away from home, he left instructions for his family back home to build his house. He has designed the entire house from scratch. The exterior and interior snapshots of Ah Zhenโ€™s home were photographed by his wife back in China, mailed to him, and finally, re-photographed by me.

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แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒ แƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ (แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ?) โ€œแƒ›แƒแƒแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜โ€, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒโ€“แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒ’แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒกแƒžแƒแƒ แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ˜แƒ› แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒ”แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒœแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘ แƒฉแƒ˜แƒœแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒš แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒฃแƒ”แƒœแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒจแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’แƒ˜แƒ. แƒแƒ› แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒช แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜แƒ. แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒแƒฆแƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜, แƒฉแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒจแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ, แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒฃแƒ™แƒ•แƒ” แƒแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒจแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜, แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒ” แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒขแƒ˜แƒžแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ  แƒจแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒ•แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ— แƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒฃแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒ”แƒก แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก.แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒฃแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ’ แƒแƒฃแƒขแƒกแƒแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒฉแƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒ—. แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒฉแƒแƒฃแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ”แƒ™แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ แƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ“แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ, แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒญแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒ›แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒœแƒ“แƒ. แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒก, แƒกแƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒ  แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฉแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒช แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒช แƒ’แƒแƒฃแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ.แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒ’แƒœแƒจแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒฃแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒœแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ”แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒฃแƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ•แƒ”, แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒ’แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ”, แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒขแƒ แƒแƒœ แƒ แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜, แƒญแƒฃแƒแƒœแƒซแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ.แƒจ., แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ. แƒฌแƒ˜แƒ’แƒœแƒก แƒ›แƒฃแƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒกแƒ“แƒ”แƒ•แƒก แƒญแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒญแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒกแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ’แƒฃแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒ”แƒ›แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒฃแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ แƒแƒกแƒขแƒก แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒก. Alecia Neo Lessons with Mao (Che Cosa รจ la Vita?) Lessons with Mao explores themes of identity, diaspora and belonging in society through a series of videos and an artist book. It is a collaboration with a Milan-based Chinese language teacher, Mao Wen, who stars as the protagonist in these works. The artwork traces his past as a Young Pioneer in China, to the present where his older self-revels in the art of wandering in Italy, revealing a portrait of a modern day vagabond who strives to reach out by searching within. Mao Wen can be regarded as a double outsider. Unlike most Chinese in Italy who are from Wenzhou, he is from Beijing and found himself destitute in Italy through a twist of events during the Cultural Revolution. When he first arrived in Italy, he also did not speak a word of Italian, and found himself estranged from both Chinese and Italian communities. The artist book features the home, selected possessions and writings of Mao Wenโ€™s, as well as pages of books from writers, such as Emily Bronte, Bertrand Russell, Zhuangzi etc. that are significant to him. The motif of the ant runs through the book as a symbol of social conformity and mass action, which contrasts with the solitude of Mao Wen.

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แƒแƒšแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ™แƒšแƒ” แƒจแƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ แƒ˜โ€“แƒšแƒ แƒจแƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ แƒ˜โ€“แƒšแƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ›แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒฉแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒจแƒ˜. แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒแƒฆแƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ  แƒ“แƒ แƒฃแƒขแƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ  แƒฎแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒช แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒฌแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒญแƒ”แƒจแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒฎแƒ” โ€“ แƒ›แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฏแƒแƒญแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒงแƒแƒคแƒก. แƒแƒ›แƒŸแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ“, แƒฉแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ–แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ” แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ˜แƒชแƒฎแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒแƒฃแƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ•แƒœแƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒกแƒแƒแƒ แƒแƒ™แƒ แƒ แƒ˜แƒชแƒฎแƒ•แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒฆแƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒก. แƒ”แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒฃแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฃแƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒžแƒ แƒ”แƒชแƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒฆแƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒก โ€“ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒจแƒ”แƒช แƒฃแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ”แƒก แƒแƒ—แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒฉแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒฉแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ›แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒ—แƒแƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒฅแƒ แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒซแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒœแƒกแƒฌแƒ แƒแƒคแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ•แƒ”แƒš แƒแƒฆแƒ—แƒฅแƒ›แƒฃแƒš แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฌแƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒชแƒ. แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, 2030 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก, แƒฉแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒจแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ”แƒ แƒ— แƒ›แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒฆแƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒก. แƒแƒ› แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ“ 50 000 แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒชแƒแƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒฏแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒกแƒแƒญแƒ˜แƒ แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒช 10โ€“แƒฏแƒ”แƒ  แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒœแƒ˜แƒฃ แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒก.แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฉแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ  แƒแƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ”แƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜แƒก แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒจแƒแƒคแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒก แƒจแƒแƒœแƒฎแƒแƒ˜แƒจแƒ˜, แƒกแƒฃแƒฏแƒแƒฃแƒจแƒ˜, แƒฎแƒแƒœแƒฏแƒแƒฃแƒจแƒ˜, แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒฏแƒ”แƒœแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒฃแƒแƒœแƒฏแƒแƒฃแƒจแƒ˜. แƒกแƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒงแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ”แƒ—แƒ›แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒš แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ–แƒ”แƒช แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒชแƒแƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒฏแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒแƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒœ. แƒฆแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜แƒก แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒจแƒแƒคแƒขแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒก, แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ  แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒžแƒแƒ™แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒคแƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒจแƒขแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒ’แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒ’แƒ แƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜. แƒ”แƒก แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒจแƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ”แƒญแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ, แƒ—แƒฃแƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒฏแƒ”แƒ  แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ• แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜.

Alnis Stakle Shangri-La Shangri-La is an imaginary place in China, described as a mystical and utopian valley shielded from the world by a chain of mountains โ€“ a true paradise on Earth. At present, China is right there among the worldโ€™s most booming economies. It is estimated that over the next ten years its population growth will reach skyrocketing proportions. This will result in unprecedented levels of industrialization and urbanization โ€“ a reality of life that billions of Chinese will be facing already in the coming decade. In contemporary China, cities populated by millions have become a magnetic promised land for hordes of gold-diggers and aspiring wannabes from rural areas. According to current estimates, by 2030 the urban population of China will reach one billion. To house all these people, 50000 new skyscrapers will need to be built โ€“ an amount that equals 10 New York Cities. This series focuses on Chinaโ€™s hot zone of economic activity, exploring contemporary cityscape transformations in Shanghai, Suzhou, Hangzhou, Shenzhen and Guangzhou. Special attention is paid to territories with semi-cleared old buildings in preparation for construction of new skyscraper precincts. At night, the cityscape reveals how urban planning, housing, tearing down and construction transpire on an apocalyptic scale, which is particularly fascinating in view of the fact that semi-cleared buildings continue to be inhabited.

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แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒคแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒกแƒแƒš แƒฐแƒ˜แƒ—แƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒฌแƒ”แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒžแƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ• แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ™แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒแƒก แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ. แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒฅแƒ˜แƒขแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒงแƒแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ› แƒฃแƒ‘แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒ แƒœแƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒชแƒ. แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒฃแƒ–แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—โ€“ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒฃแƒ‘แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒก. แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฌแƒฃแƒฎแƒแƒ แƒแƒ“, แƒกแƒแƒชแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ แƒแƒฃแƒ–แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒšแƒ แƒฏแƒ”แƒ  แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ• แƒงแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒจแƒ” แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒญแƒแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ 2015 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒœ, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒแƒ› แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒฎแƒกแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ, แƒแƒ› แƒฆแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ›แƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒœแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒฃแƒ–แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒแƒ–แƒ’แƒแƒกแƒ›แƒ. โ€œแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜โ€ แƒคแƒ˜แƒ แƒ–แƒ” แƒแƒฆแƒ‘แƒ”แƒญแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒžแƒ”แƒžแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒญแƒฃแƒžแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒจแƒ—แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜. แƒ”แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ”แƒžแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒก แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒ’แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒแƒœแƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“, แƒแƒ› แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ— แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒแƒฃแƒ–แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒ•แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ แƒกแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒ”แƒ›แƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒก แƒจแƒ—แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒœ. Attilio Fiumarella The Swimmers One of the first public facilities built in Balsall Heath was a complex that included a Public Library and the Public Baths. Its unique architecture and gathering purpose made it the icon of the neighborhood. After several years of decline, one of the two swimming pools has been refurbished, restoring its old lustre. Sadly, the Gala pool is still left to degradation. The Birmingham City Council intends to close the Baths permanently in 2015, following the opening of a new sports facility. The body of work aims to outline the loss of this valuable heritage and also to strengthen the relationship between the pool and its people. โ€œThe swimmersโ€ were immortalized in an atmosphere inspired by the butterfly and its cocoon. This temporary skin provides the butterfly with enough energy for a new life. In the same way, in this imaginary world, the users are gripping the swimming poolโ€™s essence, keeping the heritage alive.



แƒ‘แƒ”แƒแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒฐแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒขแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ•แƒแƒ–แƒฃแƒšแƒฃโ€“แƒœแƒแƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒข โ€œแƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒกโ€ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒก, แƒ›แƒ”แƒฎแƒกแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ›แƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ›แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ. แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ• แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒก โ€œ550 แƒ™แƒ›. โ€“ แƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ—แƒแƒ‘แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒฃแƒŸแƒ‘แƒโ€. แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ•แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ‘, แƒจแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒแƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒขแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒแƒช แƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒ—. แƒ—แƒฃแƒ›แƒชแƒ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜แƒช แƒœแƒแƒ™แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒœ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ  แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฉแƒœแƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ” แƒ“แƒแƒซแƒแƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜. แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒฎแƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ”แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒŸแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—, แƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ“ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒซแƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฆแƒ‘แƒ”แƒญแƒ“แƒ•แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒ. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒงแƒแƒก; แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒญแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ“ แƒแƒ› แƒจแƒ”แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒ”แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜, แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ•แƒ”, แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒก แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜. แƒกแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ, แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒกแƒ™แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒซแƒ˜แƒšแƒ–แƒ”. แƒกแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ โ€“ แƒฃแƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜, แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜, แƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜, แƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ—แƒ แƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ. แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ  แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒฆแƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ  แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒแƒขแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒœ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ  แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒก แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—; แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ“ แƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฆแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ แƒฌแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒฃแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ. แƒแƒ แƒแƒœแƒแƒ™แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ  แƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ แƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒฃแƒคแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒแƒ แƒฅแƒ˜แƒขแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ. แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒœ แƒžแƒ”แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒŸแƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒแƒฆแƒจแƒ˜, แƒฅแƒ•แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ แƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒฆแƒ‘แƒ”แƒญแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒฎแƒแƒœแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒฌแƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ—แƒ แƒœแƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜. แƒฃแƒฌแƒ”แƒกแƒ แƒ˜แƒ’แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฌแƒ”แƒกแƒ แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฃแƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒก, แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ แƒแƒก แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒก แƒžแƒ”แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒŸแƒ˜ โ€“ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก, แƒจแƒ”แƒ–แƒฆแƒฃแƒ“แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒก. แƒ”แƒก แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒกแƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒก แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ“ แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒคแƒฃแƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜.

Beatrix Reinhardt

Battlefields of KwaZulu-Natal The Battlefield project has been motivated by my interest in the relationship between space, memory and history, and relates vaguely to my project 550km โ€“ the Druschba Pipeline. When working with exterior spaces I am interested in looking at charged sites with significant histories. Yet I am making images that offer little or no discernible evidence of either past events or current tension. Often invoking the conventions of romantic landscape painting, my images, attempt is to raise the question of photographyโ€™s real ability to document a place and expose its history. A picture of a field can be simply a picture of a field; its significance can only be materialized by human experience. This is the notion I am interested in exploring. This work also relates to my general interest in space. The politics of space has been the central interest in my work over the last ten years. Spaces โ€“ urban, private, public, interior and exterior, hold a complex embodiment of meanings. In particular, I have become interested in the ways in which demarcation can be achieved through decoration and organization, the way individuals express themselves through how they organize, use and decorate their spaces, and how these activities illuminate expressions of cultural values, ideals, beliefs, individual taste and sensibilities. Equally important are the ways in which architecture and decoration can reflect temporary liberation from everydayness. The stone, steel, and mortar of a city or a landscape hold embedded imprints of the collective aspirations of different eras. Disorder and order are in constant flux, as the landscape expresses grandeur or devastation, oppression or dynamism. These notions have motivated and inspired my works and are the foundation for most of my projects.

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แƒ‘แƒ”แƒแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒฐแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒขแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ โ€œแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒขแƒ™แƒ˜แƒชแƒ”แƒ‘แƒโ€ โ€“ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ 4: แƒ™แƒฃแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ 2013 โ€œแƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ 4: แƒ™แƒฃแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ 2013โ€ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒก, แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ  แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒ แƒ‘แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜. แƒ™แƒฃแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒกแƒแƒช, แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒฃแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ, แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒแƒชแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒฃแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒก แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“แƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฉแƒœแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜. แƒ›แƒแƒก 12โ€“แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒชแƒ˜แƒ™แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ–แƒ”แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒฉแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ—แƒฎแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ—แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ แƒ˜แƒ’แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ˜แƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ: แƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ–แƒ”, แƒœแƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒ™แƒจแƒ˜ (แƒ›แƒแƒฐแƒแƒ แƒแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ) แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒฎแƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ” แƒจแƒ˜แƒžแƒ แƒแƒก แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒฃแƒฏแƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒจแƒ˜ (แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒฐแƒ˜แƒ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒจแƒ˜), แƒฎแƒแƒœ แƒฐแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ–แƒ” (แƒฃแƒขแƒแƒ แƒแƒ™แƒฐแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ˜) แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ™แƒแƒ“แƒ—แƒแƒœ, แƒฏแƒแƒ›แƒœแƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒšแƒแƒฐแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒจแƒ˜/ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒแƒ’แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒ แƒแƒกแƒ•แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ–แƒ” (แƒฃแƒขแƒแƒ  แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒจแƒ˜). แƒ™แƒฃแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ (แƒ“แƒแƒฅแƒ˜) แƒœแƒแƒงแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒคแƒแƒกแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒ” โ€“ แƒซแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ“ แƒฌแƒงแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒš แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒฌแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ“ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒฃแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒ—, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒก แƒฌแƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒฌแƒงแƒแƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒžแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒชแƒแƒ“แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒฌแƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ— แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒ˜แƒ™แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. Beatrix Reinhardt Ertรผchtigung series โ€“ Chapter IV: Kumbha Mela 2013 Chapter IV: Kumbha Mela 2013 investigates bathers going to and coming from their holly dip during the early morning hours. The Kumbha Mela, during which Hindus gather to bathe in a sacred river, has been described as the greatest pilgrimage in the world. It is celebrated in a 12-year cycle by rotating at four sacred places in India, on the banks of the Godavari River in Nashik (Maharastra), the Shipra river in Ujjain (Madhya Pradesh), the Ganges river in Haridwar (Uttarakhand), and convergence of the Ganges, Yamuna, and Saraswati rivers in Allahabad/Prayag (Uttar Pradesh). The Kumbha (pitcher) is a symbol of fertility and expresses several values, mostly related to the generative and purifying power of water. Hindus believe that submerging themselves in the sacred waters on the most auspicious day of the new moon will absolve them and their ancestors of sin, thus ending the cycle of rebirth.

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แƒฅแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ  แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒจแƒ˜ แƒจแƒแƒ•แƒ˜. แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ—แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜ / แƒ แƒ”แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒแƒŸแƒ˜ โ€œแƒ•แƒแƒชแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ˜โ€ แƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ›แƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ›แƒฎแƒ˜แƒšแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒจแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, โ€œแƒจแƒแƒ•แƒ˜. แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ—แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒกโ€ แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ’แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ 15 แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒ แƒแƒ’แƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ, แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒฅแƒจแƒแƒžแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒ—. แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒฃแƒœแƒแƒก แƒ›แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ˜แƒœแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒฃแƒš แƒ’แƒ”แƒขแƒแƒจแƒ˜. แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒ แƒฉแƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ› แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ  แƒ“แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒฌแƒงแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒซแƒแƒฆแƒšแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—, โ€œแƒฃแƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒšแƒแƒ“, แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒ—โ€. แƒ›แƒแƒœ แƒฌแƒงแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒกแƒ” แƒ“แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒœ แƒ˜แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒแƒญแƒ แƒ”แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒขแƒงแƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒแƒ’แƒ“แƒ”แƒก, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒซแƒ˜แƒšแƒ–แƒ”, แƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ•แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒก แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒแƒ“แƒ. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒฅแƒ•แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒœแƒ•แƒ”, แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ–แƒ”แƒ•แƒ” แƒ“แƒแƒฎแƒแƒชแƒ”แƒก. แƒฉแƒ˜แƒกแƒ” แƒฆแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒจแƒšแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—. แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒฎแƒแƒœแƒฏแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒ, แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒงแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ, โ€œแƒฆแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ!!โ€ แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒก: โ€œแƒฆแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒก?โ€ แƒ“แƒ แƒฎแƒแƒœแƒฏแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒฏแƒ”แƒ  แƒ“แƒแƒฃแƒกแƒ•แƒ”แƒก. Christoph Ermisch Black. Light Project / Reportage โ€œMein Traum Warโ€ (My Dream Was) Through the collaboration of artists, photographers, writers as well as local eyewitnesses, Black.Light Project creates the fragments of 15 different stories in a series of workshops. In the Bombuna Mountains, in a remote ghetto for amputees. Balรก Cissรฉ knows how to drink water as dogs do, โ€œjust with my mouth.โ€ He learned how to do that when they cut off his hands and left him in the forest, fighting for life for seven days. His six friends were killed on the spot, immediately. Cissรฉ was shoved against a fence, where they extended his arms on top of the wood. When he saw the saber rise, Cissรฉ screamed: โ€œOh, God!!!โ€ They mocked him: โ€œYou have a god?โ€ And the saber came down twice.



แƒฅแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ  แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒจแƒ˜ แƒจแƒแƒ•แƒ˜. แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ—แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜ / แƒ แƒ”แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒแƒŸแƒ˜ โ€œแƒ›แƒงแƒฃแƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜โ€ แƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒœแƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒขแƒฃแƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ™แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒฃแƒœแƒจแƒ˜. แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒ”แƒ•แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒจแƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒก.. โ€œแƒแƒฅ แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒœแƒแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ›แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ˜. แƒ แƒแƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒฐแƒ˜แƒžแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒฏแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ›แƒ”แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒฅแƒฃแƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ›แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜..โ€ แƒฃแƒแƒ˜แƒฅแƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒ แƒ’แƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒ• แƒจแƒ”แƒงแƒ แƒ˜แƒš แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒ แƒฏแƒ’แƒฃแƒคแƒก แƒฃแƒฎแƒกแƒœแƒ˜แƒก: โ€œแƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒ—, แƒแƒ  แƒ›แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ–แƒ” แƒฃแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒงแƒ.โ€ แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ›, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜? แƒฃแƒแƒ˜แƒฅแƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ–แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒกแƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ–แƒ” แƒฃแƒซแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒฏแƒ“แƒแƒ› แƒ™แƒแƒชแƒก แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒญแƒแƒ›แƒก. โ€œแƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ”แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ”แƒจแƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒแƒก..โ€ Christoph Ermisch Black.Light Project / Reportage โ€œCity of Restโ€ An evangelical institution for drug addicts in Freetown. Gospel exorcizes the addiction by force... โ€œWe have everything here, man. There are rastas, druggies, hippies, junkies, dreads, soldiers, rebels, thieves, murderers..โ€ Wyclin stops to assess the group around him. โ€You know, I donโ€™t think Iโ€™m the worst of them.โ€ And who is the worst? Wyclin glances at a man with an absorbed gaze, sitting in a chair, immobile in the middle of the courtyard. โ€œWell, man... It might be the devil...โ€

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แƒคแƒ แƒแƒœแƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒ–แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒจแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ•แƒ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ›แƒ“แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒ, แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“, แƒแƒฃแƒฉแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒš แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒžแƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ  แƒฉแƒแƒœแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒฅแƒ แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒคแƒ”แƒ˜แƒกแƒ‘แƒฃแƒฅแƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก, แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒ’แƒ˜แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒแƒก แƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒก แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒซแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒจแƒขแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒฃแƒชแƒฎแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒญแƒ”แƒจแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒจแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒชแƒ”แƒ•แƒ. แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ—. Francisco Diaz The International Collaboration Project A unique vision of global cooperation The project is meant to be steadily, but unhurriedly expansive and positive, bringing art/photographers together from different continents using Facebook as their portal, blending creative energies to design exceptional works as an example of true cooperation amongst global strangers in these difficult times. Imagine.

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แƒฐแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒฐแƒ˜แƒขแƒ แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ แƒคแƒแƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ˜ 2011 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก 11 แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ˜แƒกแƒซแƒ•แƒ แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒชแƒฃแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒแƒขแƒงแƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒžแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒงแƒœแƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒก แƒฉแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ-แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ— แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒแƒช แƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒฌแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ. แƒ™แƒแƒขแƒแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒแƒคแƒแƒ› แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ แƒ–แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ™แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒชแƒ•แƒ, แƒ“แƒแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— 380 000 แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ 120 000 แƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒ แƒ. แƒ”แƒก แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ‘แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒขแƒแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒ“แƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒกแƒขแƒ แƒฃแƒฅแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฆแƒœแƒฃแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒฅแƒ˜แƒขแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒขแƒ”แƒฅแƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒช แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒœแƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒœแƒแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒชแƒ. แƒแƒ› แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒ› แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒก. แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒ แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒฆแƒแƒ  แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒก. Hirohito Nomoto Faรงade The aftermath of the March 11, 2011, massive earthquake and tsunami that struck the Pacific coast of the north-eastern region of Japan was complete devastation. Hundreds of kilometers of coastal area were affected with approximately 380,000 buildings suffering damage and about 120,000 completely destroyed. This series is a record of some of the structures damaged by the disaster. The photographs of the facade of each building were taken using techniques of architecture photography that allowed me to keep my emotions at bay, in order to depict the scene as naturally as possible. The aim of this work was to present the viewer an image of what happened there on the day. Most of the buildings in the series were pulled down and do not exist anymore.

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แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“ แƒคแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒฐแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ˜ / แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ—แƒšแƒ” แƒ”แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒฎแƒกแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒชแƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ; แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฆแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒ  แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒ˜แƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ, แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒแƒ แƒแƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ“, แƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒกแƒจแƒ˜, แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ–แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒแƒฎแƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒ.แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ-แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ”แƒกแƒฌแƒ แƒœแƒ”แƒœ; แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒœแƒ”แƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒชแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒœแƒ”แƒœ. แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒšแƒ” แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒชแƒ”แƒ•แƒ.แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒฎแƒ”แƒš แƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ‘แƒ แƒ”แƒ—. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ”แƒก, แƒ“แƒแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒแƒฆแƒฃแƒžแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒกแƒ˜แƒ แƒชแƒฎแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก; แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก.. แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ›แƒ—แƒ แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘.แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ˜แƒ› แƒฆแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒแƒ› แƒ—แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒแƒฆแƒแƒ  แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒžแƒแƒ แƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ. แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฅแƒแƒก แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ›แƒ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ-แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒฃแƒแƒ› แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒชแƒ”แƒก, แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฅแƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒ แƒก แƒฉแƒฃแƒ แƒฉแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒแƒขแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒก, แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒฎแƒกแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒฅแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ.แƒแƒกแƒ” แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”, แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ—แƒฅแƒ•แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒ”แƒ›แƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ’แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜. แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ—แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘. 1. โ€œแƒ›แƒ˜แƒจแƒ˜แƒ™แƒโ€ แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒฃแƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ. แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก, แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒฎแƒ“แƒ. แƒ”แƒฅแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒฐแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒ’แƒœแƒแƒ–แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒฃแƒกแƒ•แƒ”แƒก. แƒ˜แƒแƒžแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ›แƒ—แƒ แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒžแƒแƒžแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ•แƒ  แƒฌแƒงแƒแƒšแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒ•แƒก. แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ›แƒแƒช แƒ›แƒจแƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒ แƒ”แƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒแƒญแƒ›แƒ”แƒ•แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ›แƒ—แƒ แƒแƒก. แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒ’แƒœแƒแƒ–แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒชแƒ“แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒœแƒ“แƒ โ€“ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ™แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒชแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ. 2. โ€œLe tombeau des luciolesโ€ โ€“ โ€œแƒชแƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒแƒโ€ 1988 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒแƒžแƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ•แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒ”แƒŸแƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ แƒขแƒแƒ™แƒแƒฐแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ Studio Ghibli-แƒ› แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฃแƒจแƒ•แƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒกแƒแƒคแƒฃแƒซแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒฃแƒ“แƒ”แƒ•แƒก แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒฌแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒ•แƒขแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ•แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ™แƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ. 3.โ€œRaid B-29 du 18 Juin 1945 sur Kobรฉโ€ โ€“ 1945 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก 18 แƒ˜แƒ•แƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒก 25-แƒ›แƒ B-29-แƒ› แƒฌแƒงแƒแƒšแƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒจแƒ แƒงแƒฃแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒ แƒฌแƒงแƒแƒšแƒ˜, แƒ™แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ“. 4. โ€œแƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒคแƒšแƒแƒŸแƒ˜โ€ โ€“ 1942 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒกแƒจแƒ˜, แƒฐแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒซแƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒ˜แƒฎแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒชแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“, แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒจแƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒก. 1943 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ”แƒ™แƒ”แƒ›แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒ™แƒแƒจแƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒ”แƒ“แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒคแƒšแƒแƒŸแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒงแƒ•แƒ. 5. โ€œแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ–แƒ”โ€. 6. โ€œแƒฆแƒ•แƒ—แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ˜โ€. 7. โ€œแƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜โ€. 8. โ€œแƒ‘แƒฃแƒฃแƒฃแƒฃแƒ›โ€ โ€“ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ—แƒฅแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ B-29-แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ-แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒฃแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ. โ€œแƒ‘แƒฃแƒฃแƒฃแƒฃแƒ›โ€ โ€“ แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒ”แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒฎแƒแƒขแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ–แƒ”, แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ—แƒฅแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒขแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒแƒขแƒแƒžแƒ”แƒแƒ. David Favrod Hikari / The Light This work represents my compulsion to build and shape my own memory. To reconstitute some facts I havenโ€™t experienced myself, but have unconsciously influenced me while growing up. My grandparents witnessed the war; survivors who finally passed away and whose memories will soon be a part of history. Only once did we speak about their experiences during the war. They told me how illness can take away your sisters; the shame; the relief after the war; and the watermelons... But after that night, we never talked about it again. As if my grandparents gave me their memories as a whisper through the air before allowing it to disappear from their minds. Somehow, I would say that I borrowed their memories. I use their stories as source of inspiration for my own testimony. 1. โ€œMishikoโ€ was the sister of my grandfather. She fell ill during the war, doctors diagnosed poor hydration. In Japan, watermelon is a very popular fruit and holds much water. So her parents gave it to her regularly. But the diagnosis was wrong; it was a salt deficiency and she died shortly after. 2. โ€œLe Tombeau des Luciolesโ€ (Grave of the Fireflies) is a 1988 Japanese animated film written and directed by Isao Takahata and animated by Studio Ghibli. It was based on the semi-autobiographical novel of the same name by Akiyuki Nosaka. 3. โ€œRaid B-29 du 18 Juin 1945 sur Kobรฉโ€. On June 18, 1945, 25 B-29s laid naval mines in waters near Kobe. 4. โ€œPixel Camouflageโ€. In May 1942, to preserve the Himeji Castle, the dungeon was camouflaged. In December 1943, the towers and walls followed. 5. โ€œRising sunโ€. 6. โ€œVent Divinโ€. 7. โ€œBombardementsโ€ 8. โ€œBaoummmโ€. The sounds of the explosions and of the B-29s are very important parts of the war memories of my grandparents during WWII. Baoummm, as painted on the print, is the onomatopoeia of an explosion.

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แƒ˜แƒแƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒ  แƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒ โ€“ แƒ’แƒแƒงแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ แƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก แƒงแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ’แƒแƒกแƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒ—-แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒ  แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒขแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ™แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒก, แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ” แƒ˜แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒ  แƒžแƒแƒ แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒšแƒฃแƒ  แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒงแƒแƒคแƒก. แƒ™แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒšแƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ— แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ, แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ โ€“ แƒฉแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—. แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒซแƒฃแƒšแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ, แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒžแƒแƒ แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ, 2000 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ“. แƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ”แƒ—แƒ แƒญแƒ แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒแƒขแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ. แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒฅแƒขแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ” แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒกแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒš แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒฉแƒœแƒ”แƒแƒ“แƒ. แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒก แƒแƒฅแƒแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒก. แƒคแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒงแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒแƒ–แƒ’แƒแƒกแƒแƒกแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒแƒจแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ˜แƒ”, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒ”แƒ—แƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ  แƒฏแƒ’แƒฃแƒคแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒ“แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒœแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒแƒขแƒแƒ•แƒก. แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ”แƒ—แƒ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒฎแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒš แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜แƒช แƒแƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“, แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒ›แƒฃแƒ  แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ•แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒแƒฆแƒ‘แƒ”แƒญแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜. แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒฌแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒ—แƒฎแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒชแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜, แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒ—แƒฎแƒ” แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ. Jasper Bastian Across The River โ€“ Tales Of A Divided City Once one of the richest cities in former Yugoslavia, the city of Mitrovica in Kosovo is now cut into two parallel worlds by the river Ibar. The Kosovo-Albanians live in the southern and the Serbs in the northern section. Due to feelings of distrust and resentment, the city has been paralyzed in its development since the war in 2000. The river is a physical symbol of the deep wounds felt by the citizens. Before the conflict, the river was a place of recreation. Today it is abandoned and avoided. A remote perspective was chosen to underline the sense of physical separation, which reflects the emotional distance between the ethnical groups. The effects of the conflict can also be witnessed in the faces and stories of the citizens. In contrast to the images of the river, the people are photographed in the intimacy of their private homes. Although a home is usually a place of safety and protection, the postures of those portrayed reveal their common feelings of insecurity and futility.



แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒ™ แƒฅแƒ แƒแƒฃแƒคแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜

แƒœแƒแƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒœแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒœแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒคแƒแƒ แƒฃแƒš แƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒฎแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒก. แƒฆแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒœ แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒก แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒš แƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒฎแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ–แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ แƒแƒฆแƒ‘แƒ”แƒญแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒฆแƒแƒ›แƒ” แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ˜แƒญแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒฃแƒฉแƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜. แƒกแƒแƒ—แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”-19 แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒก, แƒฏแƒ”แƒ˜แƒ›แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒœแƒ˜แƒš แƒฃแƒ˜แƒกแƒšแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒฌแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒช แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒฆแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ”แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒŸแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒš, แƒ›แƒ™แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒš แƒขแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ, แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก, แƒ™แƒแƒจแƒ™แƒแƒจแƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒแƒ“ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒแƒ› แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒแƒ“ แƒแƒ‘แƒกแƒขแƒ แƒแƒฅแƒขแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒคแƒแƒขแƒ แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒจแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒœแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ™แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒฉแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ, แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒคแƒฃแƒ–แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒ, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒแƒ แƒแƒกแƒแƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ”แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฉแƒฅแƒ›แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒแƒ–แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ แƒฉแƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ. แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก, แƒจแƒ—แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒ แƒŸแƒแƒœ-แƒšแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ™ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก 1965 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ›แƒ˜ โ€œแƒแƒšแƒคแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜โ€, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ แƒฆแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒกแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒแƒฃแƒ“แƒ แƒคแƒฃแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜, แƒ“แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜. แƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ›แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜ Instamatic-แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒแƒคแƒคแƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒแƒžแƒแƒ แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒ”แƒฃแƒ‘แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒแƒžแƒแƒ แƒแƒขแƒ˜ แƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒงแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒกแƒฃแƒฎแƒแƒ‘แƒก, โ€œแƒ›แƒ” แƒแƒ  แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒฌแƒแƒœแƒก แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒขแƒ”แƒฅแƒœแƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜โ€. Mike Crawford Nocturne Nocturne explores the hidden corners of cities. Corners, seen at night or observed in the twilight. Brief glimpses recorded as darkness encroaches on its streets and buildings. The title references the influence of 19th Century artist James McNeill Whistler, and is titled after his series of nocturnal paintings: Riverscapes delineated in soft, muted tones, appearing both luminous and monochromatic. The city today, seen in these photographs is a more abstract location. Some images are multilayered, using reflections and shadows to suggest stories within a story, while others are purposely diffuse, unwanted detail subdued to leave shape and form. An additional inspiration is the 1965 Jean-Luc Godard film, Alphaville which used contemporary Paris at night as the supposed setting of a futuristic, dystopian city. Throughout, the filmโ€™s protagonist photographs with a cheap Instamatic camera. He is told his camera looks old. โ€œI donโ€™t like new technology,โ€ is his reply.



แƒœแƒ˜แƒœแƒ-แƒแƒœแƒ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒแƒซแƒ” แƒกแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ 13.08.2013 แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒก แƒฃแƒ™แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒงแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒคแƒ แƒ”แƒœแƒ. แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ› โ€œแƒแƒ˜-แƒžแƒ”แƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒจแƒ˜โ€ แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒฉแƒ˜. แƒ˜แƒ› แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ” แƒคแƒ˜แƒฅแƒ แƒ˜, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒช แƒ˜แƒฅ แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ. แƒฎแƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ•แƒšแƒแƒžแƒแƒ แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ—. แƒฎแƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ™แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ–แƒ”, แƒ•แƒ—แƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ™แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ”แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ— แƒกแƒ˜แƒขแƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜. แƒ”แƒก แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒ•แƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ. แƒ›แƒ” แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒขแƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒฃแƒ™แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ, แƒงแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜. แƒแƒ  แƒ•แƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒ“แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒขแƒแƒ› แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒฌแƒงแƒ•แƒ˜แƒขแƒ” แƒแƒ›แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ แƒแƒขแƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒจแƒ”, แƒ แƒแƒขแƒแƒ› แƒชแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜... แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก แƒแƒ› แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒžแƒแƒกแƒฃแƒฎแƒ˜... แƒ›แƒ” แƒ˜แƒฅแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ” แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ™แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜. แƒ›แƒ” แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก.. แƒกแƒแƒ“ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜? แƒกแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜...

Nino-Ana Samkharadze Lost in Dimension 13.08.2013 I had a flight to Ukraine, Crimea. I stayed at a recreation center called โ€œAi Petri.โ€ I started thinking about people who worked there. I often talked to them. I used to ask a lot of questions about Ukraine, some words in Ukrainian, all of us enjoyed this. I left Ukraine, Crimea in August... I didnโ€™t know why I decided to take such kind of portraits.. Why without them, why empty spaces.. Now I have an answer... Iโ€™ve taken with me my and their parts of Ukraine. Iโ€™ve taken with me the stories of their life... Of their identity. Where are they now? They are lost in dimension.


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แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ“ แƒ™.

แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒขแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒงแƒ•แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ” แƒ“แƒ”แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒก แƒฎแƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒ—แƒก, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒฅ แƒ›แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒก. แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒ แƒจแƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ”แƒญแƒ“แƒแƒ• แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ•แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก: แƒขแƒ แƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒก, แƒฆแƒแƒšแƒแƒขแƒก, แƒขแƒ™แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒก, แƒกแƒ˜แƒงแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒก, แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒก, แƒ›แƒแƒซแƒ แƒแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒก. Morvarid K. Broken Flower Little details of daily life in Tehran, all showing the mood, the condition and the soul of the place and its people. Each image has a touching mix and morph of various feelings: tragedy, deception, hurt, love, romance, hope, movement, and life.

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แƒแƒšแƒ’แƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ–แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฆแƒ˜แƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ” แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ“แƒ แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒแƒœแƒแƒกแƒแƒช แƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒก. แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒชแƒแƒ“แƒ” แƒ˜แƒ› แƒžแƒ”แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒŸแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒกแƒ™แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ 20 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒซแƒ˜แƒšแƒ–แƒ” แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒšแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒก, แƒฃแƒแƒ แƒงแƒแƒคแƒแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒœแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒแƒขแƒแƒ•แƒก. แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒœแƒ” แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ, แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒงแƒแƒค แƒ แƒ”แƒ’แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ”, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ› แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒจแƒ” แƒงแƒแƒคแƒœแƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒแƒคแƒฎแƒแƒ–แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒจแƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ—แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒ™แƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ”แƒ—-แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ— แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒฅแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ แƒ”แƒ’แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ”แƒ แƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก, แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒญแƒแƒ—แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ แƒกแƒฃแƒ‘แƒขแƒ แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒกแƒแƒช แƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒญแƒแƒ—แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒจแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒ”แƒก แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ›แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒแƒœแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒฃแƒ แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒก 1990-แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒฌแƒงแƒ˜แƒกแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ”แƒงแƒ. แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒฅแƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒฎแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ–แƒ”แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ‘แƒก, แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒแƒœแƒ แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒžแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ  แƒ แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒแƒ  แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒคแƒฎแƒแƒ–แƒฃแƒ  แƒžแƒแƒกแƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒก แƒฃแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ”แƒ—แƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ  แƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒชแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ, แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒฃแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ”แƒ—แƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒซแƒแƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒฃแƒคแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒช แƒ•แƒ”แƒ  แƒ˜แƒฅแƒœแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜. Olga Ingurazova Aftermath Postcards The post-war devastation transforms both people and the land they inhabit. I attempt to show this through the landscapes that embody an isolation, neglect and confusion of the last 20 years. And make a metaphorical reference to other post-war regions and countries with underway military conflicts that will have to face those problems in the future. Abkhazia is a disputed region on the coast of the Black Sea and the Southwestern flank of the Caucasus. Once it was a subtropical seaside resort of the USSR with tourism-based economy. But it was destroyed by civil war straight after the collapse of the Soviet Union and broke away from Georgia in the early 1990โ€™s. Every year people mark the date of the self-proclaimed independence with a parade, but their country doesnโ€™t exist on world political maps and Abkhazian passport is invalid abroad. Several generations have already changed, but it still canโ€™t get over the high level of unemployment, criminality, ethnic frictions and corruption.

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แƒžแƒแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒ™ แƒฃแƒ˜แƒšแƒฅแƒแƒฅแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ” แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ” แƒ•แƒแƒ , แƒžแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒ— แƒแƒ› แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒฆแƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ–แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒฌแƒงแƒ•แƒ˜แƒขแƒ” แƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒ˜แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒ แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒฃแƒš แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒžแƒฃแƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ”แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฏแƒฃแƒฏแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ  แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒฅแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ. แƒ”แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒฃแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ“แƒ (แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒฌแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜, 15-แƒ“แƒแƒœ 18 แƒฌแƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”), แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒช แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒก แƒฃแƒฌแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ (ยซแƒ“แƒ”แƒ“แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒก แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒ” แƒแƒญแƒ›แƒ”แƒ•แƒกยป) แƒ›แƒจแƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ‘แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒก 2-แƒ“แƒแƒœ 5 แƒฌแƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ” (แƒ—แƒฃแƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒฉแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ). แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ“แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ–แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ“แƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒแƒฎแƒแƒš แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ• แƒคแƒฃแƒœแƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒแƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒแƒ› แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ“แƒจแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒขแƒแƒ‘แƒฃแƒก แƒ›แƒ™แƒแƒชแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒชแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒžแƒแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒฅแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒก แƒกแƒขแƒแƒขแƒฃแƒกแƒก แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒญแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒก แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒชแƒ”แƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒฆแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒฆแƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒœ. แƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒฆแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒคแƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒขแƒ แƒฃแƒฅแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœ, แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ” แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒก แƒ›แƒฆแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ— แƒฎแƒแƒขแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒแƒ›แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒก, แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’แƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒญแƒ•แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒฅแƒ•แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒœ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—. แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒขแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒฉแƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒก แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒ”, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœ แƒฃแƒ™แƒ•แƒ” แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ—. แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒกแƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒฅแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒก แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฏแƒ”แƒ  แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ• แƒฃแƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ–แƒ”แƒฌแƒแƒšแƒแƒก, แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒฎแƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒกแƒ”? แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ แƒžแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒšแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒแƒขแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒœแƒแƒงแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—. แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ›แƒแƒช แƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒฎแƒฃแƒ— แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒแƒช แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒฌแƒแƒ“แƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒฆแƒแƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ›แƒฃแƒš แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒ–แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ—. แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒ›แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ–แƒฃแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ แƒ”แƒžแƒ แƒ”แƒ–แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒช แƒฃแƒ™แƒ•แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒฆแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒแƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ. Patrick Willocq I am Walรฉ Respect Me Through this project, I deep dive into an initiation ritual and aim to create an artistic and documentary photography, very close to the daily experience of Ekonda pygmies in the Democratic Republic of Congo. For the Ekondas, the most important moment in the life of a woman is the birth of her first child. The young mother (usually 15 to 18), called Walรฉ (โ€œprimiparous nursing motherโ€), then returns to her parents where she remains secluded for a period of 2 to 5 years (usually if her husband disappears). During her seclusion, a Walรฉ is under very special care. Her mother introduces her to her new social role. By strictly respecting the sex taboo during this whole period, she is given a similar status to that of a patriarch. The end of her seclusion is marked by a dancing and singing ritual. The choreography and the songs have a very codified structure but are unique creations specific to each Walรฉ. She sings the story of her own loneliness, and with humor praises her behavior while discrediting her Walรฉ rivals. Iโ€™ve always been fascinated by native tribes because I feel they have in them a wealth that we ourselves have lost. Today many initiation rituals in the Congo gradually disappear. The ritual of the Walรฉ woman still resists pressure of modern life but for how long? It is a beautiful tribute to motherhood, fertility and femininity, which is why I proposed to five Walรฉs, whom I know for over a year, to participate in staged set ups to witness a part of their personal history, each image being a visual representation of an intimate thought she will sing the day of her release from seclusion. 152



แƒกแƒแƒœแƒ” แƒ“แƒ” แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ“แƒ” แƒฏแƒฃแƒฏแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒ›แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ โ€œแƒฉแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ”แƒ—แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒแƒคแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜แƒก, แƒ™แƒฃแƒœแƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ“, แƒ—แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช 77 แƒžแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒ˜แƒฅแƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒฏแƒ”แƒ  แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒฆแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒแƒฃแƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒœ. แƒแƒ› แƒแƒฆแƒ—แƒฅแƒ›แƒฃแƒš แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฌแƒแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒแƒšแƒ›แƒ, แƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒฃแƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ”, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒช แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ“แƒ โ€œแƒ แƒแƒฆแƒแƒช แƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒโ€ แƒžแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก. แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒชแƒ˜แƒฃแƒš แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒฃแƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒ˜แƒœแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒแƒ› แƒ˜แƒ›แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ˜, แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ—แƒ”แƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ–แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ”แƒ“แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฅแƒแƒก แƒœแƒ’แƒ แƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฃแƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒ—แƒฎแƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒจแƒ” แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒก. แƒ—แƒฃแƒ›แƒชแƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒช แƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒก. แƒกแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒชแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒ–แƒœแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ˜แƒ— แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ›แƒ, แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ”. แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒก แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ” แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก, แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒžแƒแƒกแƒฃแƒฎแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ. แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ˜-แƒ–แƒฆแƒแƒžแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ“แƒ, แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒ. แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒฉแƒแƒœแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒฅแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒโ€. แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜ แƒแƒฅแƒ แƒแƒกแƒคแƒ”แƒ  แƒฌแƒ˜แƒ’แƒœแƒแƒ“ แƒแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒœแƒซแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒแƒŸแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก (แƒžแƒ”แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒŸแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒžแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒกแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒš แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ  แƒ™แƒแƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก), แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒก แƒขแƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก (แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜แƒช แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ แƒแƒก แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒแƒ แƒ™แƒจแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ) แƒ“แƒ แƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก (แƒ•แƒ—แƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ”, แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒงแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ”แƒ—แƒฎแƒ แƒแƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒžแƒแƒ แƒ™แƒจแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ  แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ—). แƒฌแƒ˜แƒ’แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜, โ€œแƒก. แƒกแƒแƒแƒชแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ—แƒ แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒจแƒ˜โ€, แƒจแƒ”แƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜แƒช แƒžแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ” แƒ—แƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ˜แƒ—, แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“ แƒžแƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. Sanne De Wilde The Dwarf Empire โ€˜In southern China, near Kunming โ€“ the city of eternal spring โ€“ exists a theme park that is home to 77 little people. The inhabitants present a song-and-dance show twice a day. This Promised Land was founded by a tall, rich man who was determined to โ€˜do something goodโ€™ for the little people. Chinese charity dressed in commercial attire. The faรงade of this empire, with its walls of synthetic material, permanently seems on the verge of collapse. Nevertheless, the empire holds its ground. I embarked on an adventure with a handful of ethical questions about commercializing social care. Every story has two sides but in this place, every question and every answer seemed contradictory. My adventure ended up as a modern anti-fairytale, a collection of images of my making, and theirs. My own trick forced upon myself.โ€™ The project was bound in a golden book, it is a collage of my photos (landscapes, photos of the little people in their living environment, portraits of them wearing their costume), my texts, their photos (wherein their perspective and how they see life in the park can be perceived) and letters (I asked them to write me their personal live-story and how they feel about life in the park). The second part of the book, โ€˜S. In Wonderlandโ€™, consists of photos where the little people and the tourists are posing with me, on their request.



แƒ“แƒฃแƒฉแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ? แƒ˜แƒก, แƒฃแƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒšแƒแƒ“, แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒแƒขแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ. แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒแƒ  แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒงแƒ, แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒชแƒ”แƒžแƒขแƒ˜แƒช แƒแƒ  แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ. แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒœแƒ˜แƒ— แƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒฅแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒžแƒขแƒ˜แƒฅแƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ‘แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒฎแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒก แƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘. Duccio Doretti Nature What is Nature? Itโ€™s just a reflection of a man. Without the birth of a man, this concept would not exist and so, I created these diptychs, in which I compare the human body to the body of nature.

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แƒ–แƒ˜แƒšแƒ™แƒ” แƒ™แƒแƒฐแƒ˜ แƒชแƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ แƒขแƒงแƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒซแƒแƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก, แƒฃแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ“, แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒ: แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒซแƒ˜แƒšแƒ–แƒ”, แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒชแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒžแƒงแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก, แƒ“แƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒฅแƒ”แƒ— แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒฏแƒ”แƒ  แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒžแƒšแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒแƒช แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒ แƒฃแƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก, แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒฉแƒแƒ—แƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ™แƒแƒกแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒแƒฃแƒœแƒแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒก. แƒ˜แƒกแƒฆแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ, แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ  แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒชแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ—: แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”, แƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒชแƒฎแƒ˜แƒก แƒญแƒ˜แƒฅแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ—แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒžแƒ˜แƒก แƒšแƒแƒ แƒœแƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒฃแƒชแƒœแƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ’แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒฃแƒชแƒฎแƒ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ—. 1970 แƒ“แƒ 80-แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ แƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒ“แƒ. แƒ›แƒ” แƒงแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ— แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜, แƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ 1970-แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ 80-แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก (แƒชแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒš) แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒšแƒแƒก แƒ•แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ˜. แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ›แƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒก แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. แƒ”แƒกแƒ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒขแƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒคแƒฃแƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ. Silke Koch After Gravityโ€™s Rainbow The universe is for me primarily a symbolic space: since centuries, dreams and visions of people turning about conquering this, explore worlds beyond the earth or even to colonize other planets. But most people, including me, have seen the outer space only from the earth. What remains for me is the imagination in everyday life: saltshakers, eggcups, thermos jugs and various vases to travel with bizarre objects to strange worlds. This is a series of rocket-shaped everyday objects from the 70s and 80s. I collected the used material from the Cold War Period from flea markets of the former East and West German cities. People can recognize the material and feel connected. Particular images are the basis for our utopian notions.

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แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒคแƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒฆแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ”แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒŸแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฆแƒแƒ›แƒ” แƒฎแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒฎแƒแƒœ แƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ•แƒ”แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒกแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ” แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒจแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒแƒฆแƒซแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒก. โ€œแƒฆแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ”แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒŸแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—โ€ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ•แƒแƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ’แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒแƒฉแƒ˜แƒœแƒ. แƒฆแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ— แƒกแƒแƒ’แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒฎแƒแƒš แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒจแƒ˜, แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜, แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก. แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒœแƒ˜. โ€œแƒฆแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ”แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒŸแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—โ€ แƒแƒ› แƒžแƒแƒ แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฆแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ” แƒแƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒ“ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒก. แƒ‘แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฆแƒแƒ›แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜. แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒฌแƒ›แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒแƒ , แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒแƒ› แƒ’แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ— แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ“ แƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ’แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฎแƒแƒš แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒก. โ€œแƒฆแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ”แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒŸแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜โ€ แƒกแƒแƒ’แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ—แƒšแƒ”แƒก แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒญแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒก. แƒ แƒ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜แƒก, แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒฅแƒฃแƒฉแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒจแƒ”? แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ“ แƒแƒ› แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒžแƒแƒกแƒฃแƒฎแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒ•แƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘ แƒ“แƒ แƒฆแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒจแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒแƒฎแƒแƒš/แƒžแƒแƒ แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒšแƒฃแƒ  แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒก แƒ•แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฏแƒœแƒแƒ•. Stefan Marinov Nightscapes The night often seems to be scary even for the grownups. The darkness brings unpleasant feelings to almost all people. With Nightscapes I want to show that there is nothing to scare about and even the dark can show you new things. In the night, objects and places are living new separate live in a new reality. This is my goal. With Nightscapes, I want to show this parallel life and the darkness of the night will be a great helper. The black of the night is chosen on purpose I do believe that with it I will show in best way different objects in their new reality. Nightscapes is bringing light and showing an object in its full beauty. What a building will look like without the city world around it, without the other buildings, without people, without streets? I am searching for that answer using the black colour of the night to separate a new/parallel world.

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แƒ—แƒแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒ“แƒฆแƒ” แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒฌแƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒ แƒ–แƒฃแƒ แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒก แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒฃแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒœแƒแƒ‘, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒ แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒก, แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒแƒช แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒฎแƒ›แƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ— แƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘, แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒœแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒแƒ›แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ  แƒ›แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒคแƒ˜แƒฅแƒ แƒแƒ‘, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒแƒšแƒ‘แƒแƒ— แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒ แƒ–แƒฃแƒ แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒก, แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒก แƒšแƒแƒชแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒแƒ  แƒ˜แƒกแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒฆแƒแƒ  แƒ’แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ•แƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒแƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒก. แƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ  แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒก แƒ”แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, โ€œแƒ แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒฆแƒ•แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒšแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒ แƒ?โ€ แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒฌแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜, แƒแƒ›แƒแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ“แƒ”แƒ•แƒก: โ€œแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒชแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ˜, แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒ•แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ˜, แƒ”แƒ™แƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒ“แƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒ”แƒ™แƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒแƒ“แƒก แƒ•แƒ˜แƒฎแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜, แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒฉแƒแƒœแƒก, แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒšแƒแƒชแƒ•แƒ แƒžแƒแƒกแƒฃแƒฎแƒ’แƒแƒฃแƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ.โ€ แƒแƒ› แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ“ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ›แƒ: แƒฆแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฅแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒขแƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒฅแƒชแƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜. แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ  แƒ’แƒแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒฌแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒแƒœแƒกแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ˜. แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ“, แƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒฃแƒ›แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒš, แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฃแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒš, แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒจแƒ” แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒฌแƒงแƒแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒก. แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒแƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ”, แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ” แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ แƒแƒ  แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก. แƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒœแƒแƒ“ แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒ. แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ•แƒ—แƒฅแƒ•แƒแƒ—, แƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒฆแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒžแƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒœแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒ. แƒ แƒฌแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒ“แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒกแƒฃแƒฎแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒ”, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒฆแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒงแƒแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”. แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒแƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ”, แƒ แƒฌแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒฆแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒ, แƒแƒœ แƒ แƒฌแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒก, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒฆแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ›แƒ แƒ’แƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ. แƒแƒกแƒ” แƒ แƒแƒ›, แƒ แƒฌแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒžแƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒœแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒฌแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒฉแƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒแƒœแƒกแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ”แƒก. แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ  แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ–แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒš, แƒแƒฅแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒแƒ แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒซแƒแƒšแƒแƒก แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒกแƒแƒช แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒ”แƒœ แƒจแƒ”แƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒฃแƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒแƒก แƒแƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒฆแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒช แƒแƒ  แƒ’แƒญแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ. แƒฃแƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒšแƒแƒ“, แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒฌแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒฅแƒแƒœแƒแƒ“แƒ. Thais Medina The Day The Saints Turned Their Backs On Me Thereโ€™re times in your life when you feel everything is going down and all you are trying so hard to achieve is being destroyed by circumstances you canยดt control. All these situations make you think that maybe the saints turned their backs on you, they are ignoring your prayers and not helping you anymore. Then you ask yourself: โ€œWhat do I need to do to receive the blessings of God?โ€. It is usually followed by this explanation: โ€œI have been praying, reading my Bible, going to church, and paying my tithes, yet I donโ€™t seem to be able to get my prayers answered.โ€ In that question and explanation lies the root of the problem: you have fallen into the trap of linking Godโ€™s response to your performance. You have not properly understood the balance of grace and faith and their relationship to each other. By definition, the word grace means unmerited, unearned, undeserved favor. Therefore, the good news is, grace has nothing to do with you. Grace existed before you ever came to be. Another way of saying it is, grace is Godโ€™s part. Faith is defined as being a positive response to what God has already provided by grace. In other words, faith is your positive response to Godโ€™s grace, or faith only appropriates what God has already provided for you. Therefore, faith is your part. Grace and faith work together, and they must be in balance. After this reflection, you discover inside yourself an incredible strength you didnยดt have before, some power to make the difference and change your life for good, and then, finally, you realize you never actually needed Godยดs help, you just needed to believe in yourself.


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แƒขแƒ˜แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒ–แƒแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒœแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ“แƒ โ€œแƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒœแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ“แƒโ€ แƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒœแƒแƒ แƒก แƒ“แƒ, แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ•แƒ”, แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒแƒš แƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒคแƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒฃแƒš แƒ‘แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒก. แƒ›แƒ” แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒฎแƒกแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒก แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒฌแƒ•แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒแƒฃแƒชแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ—แƒ แƒ แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒฆแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ แƒคแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒช แƒœแƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฎแƒ˜แƒšแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒฅแƒชแƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒšแƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒจแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒฃ แƒแƒ แƒ แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒก แƒแƒ แƒฅแƒ˜แƒ•แƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒฃแƒœแƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒกแƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒ— แƒกแƒแƒกแƒแƒ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ แƒ“แƒ, แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ“, แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฆแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜. Tiago Casanova Test to the Mnemonic Ability of Photography Test to the Mnemonic Ability of Photography is an experimental project produced in order to explore the ability that photography has to make us remember, but also the fragility and ephemeral nature of the medium. Iโ€™m interested to explore the meanings of the photographic medium in its relation with Memory, especially at a moment where it seems that almost everyone have the access to a photographic camera. But it is necessary to understand the role and value of the body of images that in its physical state remain negative and in a state of hibernation of the visible. Itโ€™s important to realize if the forgotten images on our archives, including damaged documents, are worthless in this documentary function of photography, and consequently, if they are of interest for the construction of our identity.

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แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ™แƒแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒกแƒ˜ 80439, แƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒฉแƒ˜ แƒซแƒ แƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒชแƒ˜แƒ— แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜, แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ. 2010 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒกแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒ’แƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒจแƒ˜ (แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ) แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜. แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒแƒฏแƒแƒฎแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ” โ€“ แƒฐแƒแƒšแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒซแƒ˜แƒšแƒ–แƒ”, แƒ™แƒšแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ—แƒ˜แƒกแƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ—. แƒœแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒš แƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒจแƒแƒฃแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ”. แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ  แƒจแƒ”แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒจแƒขแƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒฏแƒ”แƒ  แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒ›แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒก แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ•แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒ˜. แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒฃแƒคแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ, แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฅแƒแƒก แƒกแƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒแƒ’แƒ›แƒฃแƒš แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ  แƒจแƒแƒฃแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ˜. แƒ›แƒ”แƒจแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ“แƒ, แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒ  แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒฅแƒ แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒงแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒจแƒ˜แƒœ แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ‘แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ˜. แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒฆแƒคแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒ—, แƒกแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒฎแƒกแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒฅแƒชแƒ; แƒ›แƒ”แƒฎแƒกแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“ แƒฃแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ”แƒ—แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ™แƒšแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒฅ แƒ’แƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘. แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒซแƒšแƒ แƒœแƒแƒ™แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒฃแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒœแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜; แƒ›แƒ”แƒซแƒ”แƒ‘แƒœแƒ แƒจแƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ”แƒญแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜. แƒ”แƒก แƒ™แƒšแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ—แƒ˜แƒกแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ—แƒจแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ•แƒแƒ, แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒ“แƒ˜ โ€“ 80439. Vivian Keulards 80439, Bloody Mary and Sloppy Joe My new home was so confusing, different, and intriguing. In 2010, I moved to Evergreen (Colorado). As Dutch foreigners, my family and I experienced life in the foothills of the Rocky Mountains for 3 years. In the Netherlands, I grew up with watching American movies and shows. In real in the States, I sometimes recognized similar places and people from those fiction scenes. It felt like I was living in a constructed reality show. I feared my new life would fade like a dream when I would go back home. By turning my fascination for the people and places into images, the dream became a memory. A memory of my foreign life in The Rocky Mountains and a memory of my personal discovery out there. By making the images, I was able to feel less alienated, more aware of my emotions. Looking for the moments that touched me. This is my personal view of life in the foothills of the Rocky Mountains, area code 80439.


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แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ–แƒ”แƒœแƒชแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒชแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒ’แƒ˜แƒแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช, แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“, แƒแƒ แƒช แƒžแƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ แƒช แƒœแƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜. แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒญแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ  แƒจแƒ”แƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก, แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ”. แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒก แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ” แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก. แƒ›แƒ”, แƒฃแƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒšแƒแƒ“, แƒแƒ•แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ•แƒแƒ , แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒแƒฆแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒก แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ  แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜. แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒขแƒแƒŸแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒงแƒแƒคแƒ˜ แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ. แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜ แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“, แƒกแƒฌแƒ แƒแƒคแƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒฃแƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก. แƒ‘แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒชแƒ”แƒชแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒญแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ”แƒฃแƒš แƒฉแƒแƒ แƒฉแƒแƒก. แƒแƒฎแƒแƒš แƒคแƒแƒขแƒ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ–แƒ” โ€œแƒ“แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒโ€ แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒก, แƒ’แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ  แƒแƒ•แƒฃแƒแƒ แƒ” แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒฃแƒš แƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒก แƒ˜แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ: แƒแƒ แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒ” แƒแƒœ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒ›แƒ”, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ›แƒ”แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ , แƒแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“ แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒ”, แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ, แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜, แƒ›แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒซแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ . Valeriia Mezentseva History in Flames Flame is the energy that has inherently neither positive nor negative effect. It is a human being that gives the flame its emotional coloring, based on his/ her own feelings or understanding. Each event has at least two points of view. Iโ€™m just an author that reconstructs and watches the events flow. None of the photos is a product of editing or post-processing. All objects are burning for real, quickly and constantly. It is natural flame that gives uniqueness to each frame. Working on the new photography project History in Flames, I could not ignore history that is being created now: not wherever, whenever and by whomever, but close enough, now and by us, our friends and blood brothers.



แƒขแƒแƒฐแƒ˜แƒ  แƒ˜แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒซแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜: แƒ แƒ”โ€“แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒฃแƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜ 2013 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒแƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ” แƒฃแƒ˜แƒ’แƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒขแƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ  แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒจแƒ˜, แƒฉแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒจแƒ˜. แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— 25โ€“แƒ›แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ˜แƒก 60 แƒžแƒ แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒกแƒแƒช แƒ”แƒ—แƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ›แƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒก. แƒ›แƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒฃแƒ˜แƒ’แƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒขแƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒ, แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก, แƒฃแƒ แƒฃแƒ›แƒฉแƒ˜แƒก, แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก, แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒšแƒแƒก, แƒแƒšแƒ—แƒแƒ˜แƒก, แƒฉแƒแƒœแƒ’แƒฏแƒ˜แƒก, แƒแƒ™แƒกแƒฃแƒก, แƒแƒ•แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒก, แƒ™แƒ”แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก, แƒขแƒแƒจแƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก, แƒงแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒšแƒกแƒฃแƒก แƒแƒ•แƒขแƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ‘แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒฆแƒ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ—แƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก โ€“ แƒฃแƒ˜แƒ’แƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก, แƒฐแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก, แƒขแƒแƒฏแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก, แƒงแƒ˜แƒ แƒ’แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒฆแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก. แƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒฃแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒช แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒชแƒแƒœแƒ˜, แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒซแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ  แƒ›แƒ”แƒชแƒœแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ—แƒ แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ˜ แƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ’แƒฃแƒœแƒฏแƒแƒœ แƒ—แƒฃแƒ แƒกแƒฃแƒœแƒ˜ แƒแƒฆแƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ แƒ”แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ˜แƒงแƒ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜, แƒจแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒ—แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒกแƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒ—, แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒก แƒ›แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ› แƒฐแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒš แƒ“แƒ แƒฃแƒ˜แƒ’แƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒš แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒคแƒกแƒ™แƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ•แƒ. แƒ—แƒฃแƒ›แƒชแƒ, แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒช แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ“ แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ–แƒฃแƒš แƒ˜แƒœแƒ•แƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒก แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ”แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒœแƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ แƒแƒช, แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒฃแƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ‘แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ—แƒฃแƒ แƒกแƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒกแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒคแƒกแƒ™แƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒ•แƒกแƒแƒก. แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒกแƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒฉแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒ”แƒ แƒซแƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ•แƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒœแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒ—. แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ›แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒ, แƒกแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒฃแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒ› แƒ แƒ”แƒ’แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒจแƒ”แƒชแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ. แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ›แƒ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒœแƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒแƒกแƒ” แƒ แƒแƒ›, แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒกแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒงแƒแƒคแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒ“แƒ แƒขแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜, แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ•แƒ” แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ“ แƒจแƒ”แƒ”แƒ’แƒฃแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก? แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒซแƒšแƒแƒ, แƒ”แƒก แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœ แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒชแƒ”แƒก. Tahir รœn Xinjiang: Re-Construction I completed this photography project in August 2013 at Uygur Autonomous Region in China. The region has a population of about 25 million, among whom 60 percent are ethnic minorities. I had a chance to visit the Uyghur Autonomous Region including Urumchi, Ili, Bortala, Altay, Changji, Aksu, Avati, Kasgar, Tashkurgan, Kizilsu autonomous administration, speak with and photograph many people with diverse ethnic origins like Uyghur, Han, Kazak, Hui, Xibo, Tajik, Kirghiz and Mongol. In an interview I studied, a member of Xinjiang Academy of Social Sciences, sociologist Turgunjan Tursun noted that the development programs focusing on market economy were creating a gap between better-educated and socially close Han and Uyghur peoples. However, it is possible to see serious investments by the government that could help grow the economic prosperity and fair sharing of the wealth, which I think could significantly help close the gap noted by Tursun. Nowadays, Chinese government and private investors make significant investments for the urban transformation, development and modernization of this region. The new public spaces, public housing and industrialization change considerably to the lifestyle in the region. The main problem is about modernization of urban and rural life. So, I want to determine the boundaries between the contemporary and traditional life-styles and also urban and rural life during this transformation. Can the people of the region adapt to this situation? Maybe, it can be most important question.

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แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฅแƒ”แƒ—แƒ แƒฆแƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒคแƒแƒซแƒ” แƒ›แƒจแƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒ•แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ— แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ  แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ–แƒ”, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒจแƒ˜. แƒฎแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒฎแƒแƒœ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ— แƒแƒ›แƒแƒก, แƒฎแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒฎแƒแƒœ โ€“ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ . แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒ”แƒกแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒญแƒ”แƒจแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ; แƒ˜แƒฅแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒกแƒแƒช แƒ•แƒ”แƒ  แƒ•แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ—, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜, แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฌแƒงแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒ. แƒฃแƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฌแƒงแƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ, แƒฃแƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒกแƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒจแƒ˜แƒ. แƒแƒฅแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒแƒ แƒฅแƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒžแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ˜แƒจแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ•แƒ  แƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒจแƒ˜; แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœ แƒ•แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ—, แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒฃแƒแƒ แƒ•แƒงแƒแƒคแƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒก แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฃแƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘, แƒจแƒ”แƒฃแƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒš แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ“ แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœ แƒ’แƒ•แƒญแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒฃแƒกแƒ˜แƒ, แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ˜; แƒแƒฆแƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ”แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒจแƒ˜แƒช แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒš แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ  แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜. แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœ แƒ’แƒ•แƒญแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒฆแƒฅแƒ›แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ”แƒฃแƒš แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒก แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒจแƒ˜ แƒชแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ”แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒฃแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒฃแƒฌแƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒ. แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒ”แƒžแƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒ› แƒฌแƒ•แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ“แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒฆแƒฅแƒ›แƒแƒ: โ€“ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒชแƒ แƒ‘แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ  แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒแƒฆแƒ•แƒ˜แƒฅแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—; โ€“ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒชแƒ แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒแƒฉแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ  แƒฉแƒแƒ แƒฉแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒแƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ—; โ€“ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒชแƒ แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ–แƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ–แƒ”, แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ—; โ€“ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒชแƒ แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒคแƒแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ แƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒก แƒฎแƒ•แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒ•แƒแƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒชแƒ”แƒ•แƒ. แƒแƒ› แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ˜แƒ›แƒฃแƒฎแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ. แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœ แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ  แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ’แƒ•แƒ”แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒ, แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ–แƒ”. Maria Saphronova and Qeta Gvinepadze The Mother Tongue We talk about the personal myth that exists in each of us, independently of whether we realize that or not. The roots of this myth grow from our true nature and this is a hidden, irrational animal side that cannot be easily accepted by a modern-day human being living in an urban environment. We talk about a personal part of the general myth, which irrevocably connects us to our nature. Clear evidence of this connection can scare us, appearing in the archetypical fears of many adults, we disown this evidence, they remain unacknowledged, though they are parts of us. We need to discuss accepting the existence of this myth and the possibility of personal confluence with it that survives only in rare pagan mythological rituals. But we want it in reality; every person bears a personal myth of this type, the myth develops and evolves; this is unavoidable and continuous. Our goal is to find this intense moment of clarity: โ€“ the moment of acceptance of this nature as a part of ourselves. โ€“ the moment of discovering in ourselves the mythological beast and reunion with general myth, with its united composition and its rhythm. โ€“ the moment, which develops like an image on film, the personal myth on the surface of everyday life. โ€“ the moment of the meeting and understanding of a hidden layer of our reality, in which myth becomes the truth of now, where daily and mythological worlds galvanize with each other. Then we can take possession of the interaction with our own life on its different levels.

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แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒ แƒ’แƒฃแƒฏแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒซแƒ”

Documentary

โ€œแƒแƒฅ แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒงแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ?โ€ โ€“ แƒฎแƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒฃแƒฉแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒฎแƒ•แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ˜. แƒ”แƒก แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ, แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“, แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ— แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒแƒขแƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒ, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒ” แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒฌแƒ แƒคแƒ”แƒš แƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒก. แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก, แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ™แƒ•แƒ“แƒแƒ  แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ, แƒแƒ แƒ แƒ˜แƒ› แƒ’แƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒฃแƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ, แƒแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“ แƒ˜แƒ› แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ”แƒ–แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ. แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒ”แƒแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ”แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒฐแƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒก; แƒแƒ•แƒขแƒแƒคแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒฎแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒขแƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒชแƒ›แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒ, แƒชแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒฎแƒ‘แƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ–แƒ” แƒซแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒœ แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒแƒฎแƒก, แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ›แƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒฆแƒ˜ โ€“ แƒ”แƒก, แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ˜แƒ•, แƒฃแƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒกแƒแƒกแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒšแƒ แƒกแƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜แƒก แƒงแƒแƒคแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“, แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ— แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒแƒ—แƒฎแƒ” แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜ แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ โ€“ แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒ›แƒ แƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ—แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ 27 แƒ™แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ แƒ–แƒ”, แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ”แƒ—-แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒก. 2006 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ 120 000-แƒก แƒแƒฆแƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒก. แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ, แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ“, แƒแƒ  แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒงแƒแƒคแƒ: แƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ โ€“ แƒฃแƒฎแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒ”แƒชแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ” แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ โ€“ 1948 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก 19 แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”. แƒ›แƒ”แƒแƒชแƒ” แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ˜แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒกแƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ’แƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒขแƒ˜, 90 แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒฅแƒแƒ แƒฎแƒแƒœแƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“, แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒ™แƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ”แƒ’แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒฃแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒฃแƒš แƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ แƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒ. 1991 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก, แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒญแƒแƒ—แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒจแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒฅแƒแƒ แƒฎแƒแƒœแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒฎแƒฃแƒ แƒ, แƒฃแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก 65% แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒชแƒ•แƒ. แƒ’แƒแƒกแƒฃแƒš แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ, แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ’แƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒ แƒฎแƒแƒœแƒ (แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒช แƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒฌแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ) แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒ”แƒแƒคแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’ แƒแƒฆแƒ“แƒ’แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒก แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒœแƒฃแƒš-แƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒฃแƒ -แƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ”แƒ แƒซแƒ แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒžแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ.

Anka Gujabidze

โ€œWhat the hell brought you here?โ€ was a question I was repeatedly asked by people in Rustavi, whom I met in the streets of this city. The question was a reaction, and revealed the attitude of people towards their own surroundings, rather than a genuine curiosity about my project. During the shooting, I perceived Rustavi as a dead city, not in the sense that people canโ€™t live there, but because of the remnants of the ideological myth that became the purpose of its foundation. Rustavi is like a theatrical dรฉcor; a shop of secondhand clothes in a rusty garage, sheep pasturing on a football field, an airplane turned into a kindergarten โ€“ these, at the first glance, unusual and even, comical scenes tell me a lot about the life of the city, where people, in spite of changes, try to keep on living. Rustavi is the fourth-largest city in Georgia and administrative center of the province of Kvemo Kartli. It is situated 27 km southeast of the capital, Tbilisi, with a population of about 120.000 people. The history of Rustavi can be divided into two epochs: an early period from ancient times until the city was destroyed in the 13th century, and a modern period since 1948 until the present day. During the second half of the 20th century, Rustavi was hastily rebuilt as a key industrial centre. The core of the city was the Rustavi Metallurgical Plant, which, along with 90 other large- and medium-sized factories, played a key role in supplying the Transcaucasia region with steel. After the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, almost all plants were shut down, unemployment reached 65 percent, and crime and poverty surged. Recently two large plants have reopened: the Rustavi Metallurgical Plant (renamed to Georgian Steel) and Geosteel, owned and managed by British-Georgian and Indian-Georgian private companies respectively.

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แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒข แƒฐแƒ˜แƒ แƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒ˜ โ€œแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒกโ€ แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ™แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒžแƒ แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒ แƒแƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒ—แƒ•แƒ” แƒชแƒ˜แƒ• แƒ–แƒแƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒก แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒแƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ, แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ–แƒ” แƒžแƒ แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒก แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ. แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒฎแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒแƒฅ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ. แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒชแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒฃแƒ›แƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒœแƒ˜แƒ—: แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒแƒ— แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’ แƒ“แƒ แƒฃแƒ™แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒงแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒแƒ—. แƒฃแƒ™แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒžแƒแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ, แƒแƒ› แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒฎแƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒฅแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜. แƒ”แƒ—แƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒ—, แƒคแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ›แƒ แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ› แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒฌแƒงแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒฌแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ, แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒฃแƒฉแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒžแƒ แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ”แƒก. แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ–แƒ”, แƒแƒ—แƒแƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ”แƒ› แƒ”.แƒฌ. โ€œแƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜โ€ แƒ’แƒแƒแƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒ. แƒ”แƒก แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ โ€œแƒกแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜โ€ แƒ’แƒแƒกแƒแƒแƒชแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜; แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒ™แƒแƒชแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒ”แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ. แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒแƒช แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ, แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒฌแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ. แƒ”แƒก แƒฏแƒ”แƒ  แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ• แƒ“แƒแƒฃแƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒฏแƒ”แƒ  แƒแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ แƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜. Balint Hirling Inhabitants of โ€œMaidan Villageโ€ Struggling against the chilly winter for several months, the Ukrainian protesters have demonstrated against the government at Maidan, Kiev. Various people came from several parts of the country. Young and old, women and men, small minorities and volunteers made up the participants with one common goal: to fight against the ruling government and bring Ukraine closer to the European Union. Ukraine is situated between Europe and Russia so there were always conflicts in this area. Beyond the ethnic problems, the money-centric government made the people angry and therefore they started to protest on the streets of Kiev. A so called โ€œtent villageโ€ was set up by thousands of inhabitants in the center of Kiev, at Maidan. This artificial โ€œvillageโ€ was incredibly well organised, daily life was conducted by strict rules. The big power, that sticked them together was the faith in the different future. It is still an unfinished story, and nobody knows the clear outcome.

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แƒœแƒฃแƒ›แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒซแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒ™แƒšแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ›แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ—แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ แƒ”แƒ’แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒชแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฃแƒชแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒš แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ. แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœ แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก แƒกแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ—แƒฃแƒ›แƒชแƒ แƒแƒ  แƒ’แƒ•แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒก แƒขแƒ”แƒฅแƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒขแƒ”แƒฅแƒœแƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒฉแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ-แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ—แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ“แƒฃแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœ แƒแƒฆแƒฃแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜ โ€œแƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜โ€ แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ–แƒ” แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒงแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก. แƒ—แƒฃแƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒแƒ แƒ–แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ  แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒก แƒ•แƒ”แƒ  แƒ˜แƒžแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœ, แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒแƒงแƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“, แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒฎแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœ, แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ› แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒ•แƒ. แƒแƒฅ, แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒก แƒ แƒ”แƒ’แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ. แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒ แƒจแƒ˜, แƒแƒ› แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒช แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒกแƒแƒช แƒแƒชแƒ“แƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒ— แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒชแƒฎแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒฉแƒแƒ•แƒฃแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘. Numo Rama Humans Harsh climate has gradually changed our entire region and drastically affected subsistence activities. There are social programs, but no technicians to help people with new technologies that could keep people living in the northeast with working their land and prevent their gradual and silent migration. The Humans Project is focused on the strength of migrants from the countryside. Once they are unable to find their place in the market, they are left with garbage dumps as an option, while many young people become criminals. Recently, the government introduced news programs for young people. Here, in my region, several courses have been started. This semester I will take part in this program, during which I will train twenty-five youngsters in horse breeding and ranching.

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แƒœแƒฃแƒ›แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ•แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’ แƒแƒฅ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ› แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ•แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒแƒžแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒฃแƒคแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒ”แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒšแƒแƒ—แƒ˜แƒœแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒ—-แƒ”แƒ แƒ— แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒฅแƒแƒแƒขแƒฃแƒ  แƒกแƒแƒกแƒฏแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒฆแƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒœแƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒฎแƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ“แƒ˜แƒฅแƒขแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ แƒ”แƒŸแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒแƒขแƒแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ. แƒชแƒ˜แƒฎแƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒแƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ, แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒฏแƒ”แƒ  แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ. แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒก แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒœแƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ•แƒ˜แƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ˜. แƒ”แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ“, แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒช, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ›แƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ” แƒฎแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒก แƒ›แƒจแƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ  แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒžแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜. แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒ›แƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ” แƒ—แƒฃ แƒฎแƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒซแƒ˜แƒšแƒ–แƒ” แƒ“แƒแƒžแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ“แƒ˜; แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒ˜แƒ› แƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก โ€œแƒ“แƒแƒชแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกโ€ แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒจ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒงแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒแƒ  แƒ˜แƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ— แƒแƒ“แƒœแƒแƒ• แƒฆแƒ˜แƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒช แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒแƒขแƒแƒก.

Numo Rama Posthumous This is a reflection on posthumous liberty of men who found themselves in one of the most chaotic prison systems in Latin America, in Brazil, which lived under dictatorship for a long time. In prison, inmates were subject to tortures and sometimes, death. Some prisoners lived in my rural neighborhood and I was familiar with their background and relatives. The experience is somewhat related to my father, who was also imprisoned for a short time in my hometown. Since then, I became interested in lives of people confined for short or long periods of time and are under the โ€œprotectionโ€ of a system that cannot even adjust itself to serve society with some dignity.

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แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒแƒ™แƒ แƒกโ€™แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒฏแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒแƒชแƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ” แƒ™แƒฃแƒœแƒซแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒก, แƒกแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ—แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒฏแƒ”แƒ  แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ• แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ“แƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒžแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒก แƒกแƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒœ แƒฃแƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒก แƒขแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜, แƒซแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ“, แƒ›แƒ”แƒชแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒชแƒฎแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒš แƒกแƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“, แƒแƒกแƒ˜ แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ“แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒกแƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒฆแƒแƒก แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒฃแƒ  แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒฃแƒ‘แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒš แƒ“แƒแƒฆแƒจแƒ˜: แƒกโ€™แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜. แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒแƒ  แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒคแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒฃ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒญแƒแƒ“, แƒแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜, แƒฌแƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒกแƒขแƒแƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜, แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒแƒขแƒแƒœ. แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ—แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒฌแƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒแƒ  แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ•แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒก แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒแƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒก แƒฃแƒฆแƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ. แƒ—แƒฃแƒ›แƒชแƒแƒฆแƒ, แƒกแƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒฆแƒ•แƒแƒฌแƒšแƒก แƒแƒฆแƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒก, แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ˜. แƒ›แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒฅแƒฃแƒ“แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒšแƒ”แƒฏแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ”แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒกแƒขแƒแƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒฆแƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒจ, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒกแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒ”แƒœ แƒ›แƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒฉแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒญแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ, แƒกแƒ แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒขแƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒฆแƒ แƒฃแƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒœแƒ–แƒ”.

Mattia Vacca Sโ€™Ardia Barbagia is a large mountainous area in the central-eastern part of Sardinia, the Italian island that has extraordinary nature. There are also many isolated villages where people still follow and respect ancient traditions. They live out mostly of sheep farming and horse breeding. In the village of Sedilo, every year, a hundred of the most daring and brave horse riders participate in a wild and unrestrained race: the Sโ€™ardia. They donโ€™t race for money or glory but to show their devotion to a warrior saint, Saint Constantine. Actually, he is not a proper saint, according to the Vatican Church that never approved him; but he is to Sediloโ€™s people, who celebrate his deeds. Riders run down the hill at full gallop, pounding towards the narrow entrance below the Arc of Constantine at full speed amongst rifle shots and clouds of dust.

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แƒšแƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒก แƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒฐแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒฐแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒซแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“แƒ” แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ/แƒแƒœ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒžแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒœแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ“ แƒกแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒฐแƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ•แƒก. แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒ™แƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒฐแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒซแƒ แƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ. 2012 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒ”, แƒ“แƒแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— 100.000-แƒ›แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒจแƒ” แƒ›แƒงแƒแƒคแƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅ แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒœแƒ˜แƒฃ แƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒฆแƒ˜แƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒแƒชแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒคแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ”แƒ—แƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ—. แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ แƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒšแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ— แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒงแƒšแƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒขแƒงแƒ˜แƒ— แƒกแƒแƒ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒ”. แƒ˜แƒ› แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒกแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒฐแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ— แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ, แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒ˜แƒ› แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒแƒช แƒ”แƒก แƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒฌแƒ˜แƒคแƒแƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒซแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒ. แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒงแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒซแƒ แƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒ’แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒชแƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒœแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ–แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ”แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”, แƒแƒ› แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒ แƒฃแƒ™แƒ•แƒ” แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒงแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ›แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒแƒช แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒกแƒแƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฃแƒขแƒแƒœแƒ. แƒแƒ› แƒฏแƒ’แƒฃแƒคแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ›, แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒฌแƒ˜แƒคแƒแƒก แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒจแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒช, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒฃแƒ™แƒ›แƒแƒงแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒœ. 2012 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก 8 แƒแƒฅแƒขแƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒก, 10-แƒžแƒฃแƒœแƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒฎแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒแƒช แƒกแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒฐแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒฌแƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒชแƒ. แƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. Lukas Linder Satyagrahi A satyagrahi is a member of a nonviolent resistance, and/or someone who practices satyagraha as a form of political dissent. Most of all, a satyagrahi is a part of a peopleโ€™s movement. In the autumn of 2012, nearly 100.000 landless people began marching from Gwalior to New Delhi, to demand from the Indian state their right to a life and livelihood in dignity. They marched to voice their rightful claim to their own water, land and forests. While satyagrahis were coming together in a massive whole to fight for their cause, the aim of my project was to look closer into the mass and show the faces of the individuals that made this struggle a hard-hitting reality for the state. I put the spotlights on a few of the heroes of the movement. Already halfway to their goal, when these photographs were taken, these people succeeded in setting the cogwheels in motion to bring about the change they wanted. The state felt a threat with the sheer size of this group and their dissatisfaction with the situation they were in. A 10-point agreement was signed on the 8th of October, 2012, that gave hope for fast implementation of the demands of the satyagrahis. The struggle, as always, goes on. 184


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แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒฅแƒแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ Estรก Cayendo โ€œแƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒ แƒ”แƒ•แƒ,โ€ โ€“ แƒ”แƒก แƒ˜แƒงแƒ แƒžแƒแƒกแƒฃแƒฎแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒช แƒ›แƒฃแƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒ•แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฐแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ˜. แƒ”แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’แƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒฐแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฉแƒแƒ›แƒแƒจแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒงแƒแƒค แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ— แƒฎแƒ˜แƒšแƒ•แƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ  แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒฌแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ˜, แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒคแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ”แƒชแƒแƒ—. 1982 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก, แƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฐแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ แƒ˜แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒกแƒ™แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ›แƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ. แƒแƒ› แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒฆแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒช แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ—แƒฃแƒ›แƒชแƒ แƒแƒฅแƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ˜ แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ แƒฉแƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒ” แƒ แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒšแƒ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒฃแƒ›แƒฏแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ–แƒ”. แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒขแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ แƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒชแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒแƒฆแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜, แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ‘แƒกแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒคแƒแƒ—แƒ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ.แƒกแƒ˜แƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒก, แƒœแƒ’แƒ แƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒก, แƒฃแƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒงแƒแƒคแƒแƒก, แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒญแƒแƒ แƒ‘ แƒ แƒแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒกแƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ  แƒกแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ‘แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒฅแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒฐแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒแƒก แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒแƒ™แƒแƒก, แƒœแƒ”แƒแƒ™แƒšแƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ แƒข แƒ“แƒ”แƒ™แƒแƒก แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒ—แƒฎแƒ”แƒก แƒฃแƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒก. แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒš แƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒก, แƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒš แƒ—แƒฃ แƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ  แƒฐแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒœ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒ—แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒ“ แƒแƒœ แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ• แƒ˜แƒจแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒแƒ  แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ• แƒฉแƒแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ.แƒ™แƒฃแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ แƒฎแƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒ—แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ” 99.8-แƒžแƒ แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒ, แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒ—แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒฃแƒคแƒแƒกแƒแƒ, แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒฏแƒ”แƒ  แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ• แƒฃแƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒก แƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒฃแƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒ—แƒฎแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒคแƒแƒ แƒขแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒฃแƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒแƒก. Alison McCauley Estรก Cayendo โ€œItโ€™s falling down,โ€ โ€“ this was the answer I invariably received when I asked the residents of Old and Central Havana about their homes. These photographs are born from my desire to see what living inside the crumbling grandeur of Havanaโ€™s buildings looks like. I knocked on doors and begged permission to photograph the residents and the interiors of their homes. Old Havana was declared a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1982. Since this date, many key buildings have been restored and the work continues but the emphasis is always on preserving buildings rather than improving or saving the lives of the general population. While certain buildings are done up to a high standard the vast majority of the homes remain in a dangerous state. Age, decay, neglect, overcrowding and amateur repairs combine with natural factors to threaten the stability of Havanaโ€™s Baroque, Neoclassical and Art Deco buildings. There are two or three partial or total building collapses in Old and Central Havana every week. Residents have no choice but to continue to live in buildings that have partially collapsed. Cuba has high life expectancy, a 99.8% literacy rate, free education at every level and free health care for all its citizens, but the government still struggles to provide citizens with safe and comfortable housing.


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แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒšแƒแƒขแƒ แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ˜-แƒฌแƒงแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒฅ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช โ€œแƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกโ€, แƒ˜แƒ› แƒกแƒฃแƒ‘แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒงแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ“แƒแƒแƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒแƒก แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒžแƒแƒžแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒฎแƒ“แƒ. แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ›แƒแƒแƒ“ แƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ–แƒฃแƒกแƒขแƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒ แƒ, แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒแƒซแƒ แƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ—แƒฃ แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒซแƒ˜แƒšแƒ–แƒ”, แƒ›แƒแƒœ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ— แƒฐแƒžแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ—แƒฃแƒ›แƒชแƒแƒฆแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒšแƒขแƒแƒšแƒ•แƒ แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ  แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒ”แƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ“แƒแƒแƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒฉแƒแƒชแƒ›แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒฃแƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒก. แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ, แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒจแƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒฉแƒแƒชแƒ›แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ, แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒแƒ› แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒก แƒกแƒชแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒกแƒฃแƒ‘แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ˜, แƒ˜แƒฅแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ”แƒก แƒฉแƒแƒชแƒ›แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜, แƒ—แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒชแƒฎแƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒกแƒ™แƒฃแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒฉแƒแƒ แƒฉแƒแƒก แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒก. แƒ›แƒ”, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒจแƒ” แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜, แƒ•แƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ โ€œแƒœแƒ˜แƒฆแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกโ€ แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒจ แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒกแƒ” แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒฉแƒแƒชแƒ›แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—. แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒฌแƒงแƒ•แƒ˜แƒขแƒ” แƒงแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒฌแƒงแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒกแƒแƒแƒชแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ  แƒ˜แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒฅแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ แƒแƒฆแƒแƒช แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜. แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ•แƒ”, แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒ, แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ  แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒก. แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ“, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒแƒ› แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ•แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ˜, แƒแƒ› แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒกแƒแƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒ”แƒขแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒ’แƒ›แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒกแƒจแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ”: แƒฌแƒงแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒ˜แƒ แƒฉแƒ˜แƒ”แƒก, แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ แƒ แƒฉแƒแƒ”แƒชแƒ•แƒแƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ“ แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ—, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒฆแƒ. แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒแƒฆแƒ‘แƒ”แƒญแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ”แƒก. Carlotta Cardana Mod Couples The images are from a personal project on couples who belong to the โ€œmod sceneโ€, a subculture that originated in Britain in the late fifties and became very popular during the sixties. It is quite difficult to pin down what lies at the heart of this movement as it has evolved in many different ways during the years, but all mods share a passion for everything related to the fifties and the sixties, especially the clothes and the music. While their style is what catches the eye at first, my interest in developing this project goes well beyond their appearance. The subculture and all of its elements, the fashion, the haircuts, the scooters, only provide the framework for this project. From an outsider point of view, I am trying to get a glimpse of their identity beyond the โ€œmaskโ€ and to portray them for who they are, rather than for what they wear. I decided to focus on couples because I am fascinated by the way their identities blend together to produce something larger than the sum of its parts. I am also quite interested in the relationship between a person and his or her surrounding environment, in seeing how they complement each other. Consequently, I took elaborate planning out of the equation when making these pictures: the couples chose what to wear and where to be photographed. The world depicted in the pictures is entirely the world they have created for themselves. 188


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แƒฅแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ  แƒ™แƒแƒžแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒฆแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ” แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒ˜แƒ› แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒ—. แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ” แƒ”แƒก แƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ”, แƒ˜แƒกแƒ” แƒ›แƒ—แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒ“ แƒ แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ”. แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒญแƒ”แƒจแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ“ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒคแƒแƒ—แƒแƒ. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ”แƒฌแƒ˜แƒ แƒ แƒ˜แƒ› แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ. แƒœแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ, แƒ แƒฃแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฐแƒฃแƒขแƒฃแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒขแƒฃแƒขแƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ—แƒ”แƒ—แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒจแƒแƒ•แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ. แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒก แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ’แƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ›แƒฃแƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ. แƒ—แƒฃแƒ™แƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ— แƒแƒ› แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒฏแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ, แƒแƒ—แƒแƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒฆแƒฃแƒžแƒแƒก. แƒ”แƒก แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒซแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ. แƒ”แƒก แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ•แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ–แƒ”. แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ™แƒฃ-แƒ™แƒšแƒฃแƒฅแƒก-แƒ™แƒšแƒแƒœแƒก แƒ•แƒฃแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒšแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒซแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒแƒ— แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒแƒฆแƒ‘แƒ”แƒญแƒ“แƒ˜แƒš แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒ˜แƒฏแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒ˜แƒ› แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒฃแƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. Christopher Capozziello For God, Race and Country People donโ€™t act based on reality. They act based on the stories they believe about reality. This is this true about nations, and religions, and it is true about races. This is very important to understand, because some stories are truly dangerous. Millions of people have died because of stories that were told. The Nazis told stories about Jews. The Hutus in Rwanda told stories about the Tutsis. Whites have told stories about blacks. Stories are being told today about gay people, about immigrants, about Muslims. If people believe some of these stories, thousands, maybe millions of people will die. This business of storytelling is not just bedtime stories; itโ€™s life and death stories. While photographing the Ku Klux Klan, I have been very concerned with what drives the people in these photographs to believe the stories theyโ€™ve been told about anyone how is not like them.



แƒ“แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒข แƒฐแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ™แƒ แƒแƒœแƒ–แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒขแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜ โ€“ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ˜แƒกแƒœแƒ”แƒ˜แƒคแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ 2009 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒกแƒจแƒ˜, แƒจแƒ แƒ˜-แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ™แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ“แƒ. แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒก แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ. แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ—แƒ แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก โ€“ แƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ•แƒ”แƒคแƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ•แƒœแƒแƒก แƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ›แƒ—แƒ”แƒš แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒแƒœแƒแƒก แƒจแƒ˜แƒจแƒ˜แƒก แƒ–แƒแƒ แƒก แƒกแƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ, แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ›แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒฉแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒฅแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ. แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“, แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒฃแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒแƒ แƒแƒžแƒ แƒแƒ’แƒœแƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ. แƒจแƒ แƒ˜-แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ™แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ” แƒแƒฆแƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒแƒ แƒแƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒก แƒฃแƒœแƒแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ— แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒจแƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒก แƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜. แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒฉแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ-แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ“แƒแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ˜ แƒแƒ—แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒฌแƒ•แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ, แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒ•แƒแƒœ แƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒš แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒชแƒ. แƒ—แƒฃแƒ›แƒชแƒ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฆแƒ˜แƒ แƒกแƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒœแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒขแƒแƒซแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒžแƒšแƒแƒŸแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ. แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒกแƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ” แƒแƒ•แƒขแƒแƒ‘แƒฃแƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒงแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒš แƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒฎแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒฏแƒแƒœแƒงแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ—แƒ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒชแƒœแƒแƒœ. แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก โ€œแƒ“แƒ˜แƒกแƒœแƒ”แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒ˜โ€ แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒš แƒฃแƒชแƒœแƒแƒฃแƒ  แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒ•แƒก: แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ˜แƒกแƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒจแƒ แƒ‘แƒฃแƒœแƒ™แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒฌแƒงแƒแƒšแƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒจแƒ แƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ—แƒกแƒแƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒชแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒ›แƒ”แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ—แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒซแƒ”-แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ›แƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ•แƒ” แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒแƒฆแƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒ–แƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒแƒ  แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒแƒงแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒ—แƒฃแƒ›แƒชแƒแƒฆแƒ, แƒฏแƒ”แƒ  แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ• แƒ’แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒแƒ แƒ แƒ”แƒก แƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒœแƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ แƒแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒแƒœแƒแƒก แƒ”แƒ—แƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒฅแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜. แƒจแƒ แƒ˜-แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ™แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ˜ แƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒแƒ™แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ—แƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ› แƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ›แƒคแƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. Dagobert Hartmann Pop Up War โ€“ The Disneyfication of War In May 2009, the civil war in Sri Lanka came to an end. It was the longest and bloodiest war in the modern history of Asia. The government now forces out the defeated rebel organization Tamil Tigers, who were feared for their countrywide suicide bombings. With the end of the war, a domestic tourism industry has developed in a most unpredictable manner. An entire generation of Sri Lankans has grown up having never seen the occupied parts of their homeland. The northeast coast, which was off limits for nearly three decades, has turned into a major tourist destination. But the attractions are not typical temples and beaches found elsewhere in the country. Busloads full of people from the south flock to former battlegrounds to visit the remains of the war and get reenacted glimpses into the rebelsโ€™ lives. The โ€œDisneylandโ€ of war and horror covers a lot of strange sites: underground bunkers, submarine factories and kamikaze airplanes of the defeated rebels, as well as huge exhibitions of weapons and combat shows of special forces of the government. But whether the extensive military carnivals and the massive influx of visitors help to reconcile the ethnic conflicts remains questionable. The spectacle of post-war tourism in Sri Lanka is turning into a post-war triumph of the ethnic majority. 192



แƒ”แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒข แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒขแƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ•แƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ -แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒ แƒกแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒฎแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ˜แƒงแƒ แƒฉแƒแƒ แƒญแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฌแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒฅแƒแƒœแƒแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒšแƒ˜แƒš แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒขแƒแƒก แƒฆแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ•แƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒ–แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒก, แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒก แƒแƒ›แƒฉแƒœแƒ”แƒ•แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒขแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ›แƒ. แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒจแƒแƒคแƒขแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ• แƒ˜แƒฅแƒแƒ, แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ’แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฅแƒกแƒ”แƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒงแƒแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒฆแƒแƒช แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœ. แƒ แƒ แƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก แƒ›แƒจแƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ  แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒจแƒแƒคแƒขแƒ—แƒแƒœ? แƒฏแƒ”แƒ  แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ• แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒฃ แƒแƒ แƒ แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒก แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒจแƒแƒคแƒขแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒจแƒ˜แƒช แƒ•แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ—? แƒแƒœ แƒ•แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ—แƒฃ แƒแƒ แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—? แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ›แƒจแƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ  แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒจแƒแƒคแƒขแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒคแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒซแƒ”แƒ‘แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ“, แƒขแƒ˜แƒžแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒจแƒแƒคแƒขแƒ˜, แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ“แƒ˜, แƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ˜แƒ”. แƒฃแƒฎแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ, แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ  แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒฃแƒš แƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒฃแƒฌแƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒขแƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ. แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ—แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒšแƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“, แƒแƒ› แƒ แƒ”แƒ’แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒก แƒฃแƒ™แƒ•แƒ” แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒ แƒฎแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒกแƒฃแƒกแƒขแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ” แƒ แƒ”แƒ’แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒก. Eckart Bartnik WesterWorld The bakery signboard drove like a lightning strike into the ground between car and chiseled Thuja hedge, but the inhabitants of the neighboring house did not notice anything behind their satellite TV on this sunny Sunday morning in the Westerwald. Landscape is out there, but thanks to global networking, people are somewhere else. What kind of relationship do we have to our native landscape? Do we still derive part of our identity from the landscape we live in? And โ€“ one step further โ€“ do we shape our surroundings according to our identity? I chose a typical German landscape, the Westerwald, for my photographic search for traces of todayโ€™s identification with the native landscape. Throughout history, the Westerwald was repeatedly exposed to economic and cultural changes. Despite its pottery and iron industry, this region has long been regarded as an area with a weak economy.

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แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ‘แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒแƒ แƒ แƒ”แƒก แƒแƒžแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒšแƒฃแƒ–แƒ˜แƒ? แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒแƒก แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒฆแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒšแƒฃแƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒฎแƒ•แƒ“แƒ˜, แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ›แƒ แƒ›แƒ™แƒแƒชแƒ แƒ›แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒ”แƒ› แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ–แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒชแƒ. แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ›แƒ แƒ แƒแƒฆแƒแƒช แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฎแƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒ•แƒ”... แƒ แƒแƒก แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒœ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒแƒŸแƒ˜แƒก, แƒ™แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ™แƒ”แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒก, แƒฌแƒ˜แƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒญแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒฃแƒกแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ›แƒ? แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒœแƒ˜แƒ—, แƒžแƒแƒ แƒ™แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ›แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒ” แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒกแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒ”แƒ’แƒ›แƒ”แƒ—, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒกแƒแƒช แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒจแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒขแƒ™แƒ˜แƒชแƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒคแƒแƒ–แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒคแƒ˜แƒ แƒ–แƒ” แƒแƒฆแƒ•แƒ‘แƒ”แƒญแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒ˜. Eva Brunner Being Barbara Was it an optical illusion? When meeting Barbara for the first time at a nightclub in Berlin Iโ€™ve been struck by her severe beauty. I felt there was more to it, and I wanted to uncoverโ€ฆ What will I find there beyond her wig, make-up, dress, false breasts, red hold-up stockings and high heels? We soon arranged sessions to play with gender roles, in a park and at home โ€“ while I was documenting the steady exterior metamorphoses of a multi-layered and complex personality.


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แƒคแƒแƒฃแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒžแƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒจแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฐแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ แƒแƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ” III แƒแƒ›แƒŸแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒ แƒ”แƒ’แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก-แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ”แƒ—แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—, 250 แƒ™แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒงแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ›แƒ แƒžแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ›แƒ, แƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒก แƒ–แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ›, แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒจแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ 2010 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒœแƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒจแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒจแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒชแƒฎแƒ. แƒ–แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ› แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒžแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒก 4.8 แƒ›แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒชแƒฎแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒจแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒžแƒ แƒ˜แƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ. แƒ”แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒจแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒฐแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ แƒแƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ”, แƒ™แƒแƒจแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ’แƒ”แƒš แƒ’แƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ” III แƒแƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ–แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒฎแƒแƒ แƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ•แƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, 240-แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ 1870 แƒ›แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒแƒขแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒซแƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ” แƒฐแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ แƒแƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ” แƒแƒ›แƒแƒก แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ”แƒ—-แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ— แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฆแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒก แƒ“แƒ 150 แƒ™แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒแƒฃแƒ–แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒก. แƒ”แƒก แƒ›แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ” แƒแƒ›แƒแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒก. Fausto Podavini The Biggest Dam The Gibe III hydropower plant is currently under construction in the Ethiopian Oromia region, some 250 km south-west of Addis Ababa. Meles Zenawi, Ethiopiaโ€™s former Prime Minister, announced the construction of the biggest African dam in Ethiopia in March 2010, defining it as the dam of Ethiopian Renaissance. With 4.8 billion euros Zenawi gave to the construction company, the company started the construction of the dam in April. This dam will be the largest hydroelectric plant in Africa. Moreover, the Gilgel Gibe III dam is the biggest investment project ever realized in Africa. Once the dam will be completed โ€“ 240-metre high and with 1870 MW power output โ€“ it would obstruct the south-west part of the Omo River, creating a basin of 150 kilometers. This construction is going to change the Omo River.

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แƒคแƒแƒฃแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒžแƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒแƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒฌแƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜, 100-แƒ“แƒแƒœ 3 แƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒแƒจแƒแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒกแƒฏแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ 18 แƒฌแƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ. แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒฎแƒจแƒ˜แƒ  แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒแƒจแƒแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒฅแƒฃแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ, แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ™แƒแƒขแƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜, แƒซแƒแƒ แƒชแƒ•แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒ”แƒ™แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜.แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒแƒžแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒแƒจแƒแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒฉแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒกแƒฏแƒ˜แƒแƒœ. แƒ—แƒฃแƒ›แƒชแƒ, แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒ˜แƒ›แƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒกแƒ•แƒ” แƒ•แƒฎแƒ•แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒš แƒกแƒ˜แƒขแƒฃแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ™แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒฃแƒฌแƒ˜แƒแƒ—, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒ แƒคแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒคแƒกแƒ˜แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ, แƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒžแƒšแƒฃแƒแƒขแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ. แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒฏแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ แƒงแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ แƒแƒฏแƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒฆแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒกแƒญแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ— แƒ”แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜. แƒฎแƒจแƒ˜แƒ  แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒแƒ› แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒแƒ แƒแƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒก แƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒ— แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ— แƒแƒฏแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—แƒแƒœ. แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒช แƒ™แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒฃแƒคแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜. แƒแƒ แƒแƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒฌแƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒš แƒ“แƒแƒฌแƒ”แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”, แƒ”แƒก แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒแƒžแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒœ, แƒ˜แƒฅแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ”แƒก แƒกแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ  แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒจแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒžแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ, แƒ—แƒฃแƒ›แƒชแƒ แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ“. Fausto Podavini Juvenile Prison In Italy, 3 out of 100 charged with criminal offences are under the age of 18. Most frequent crimes are thievery, drug trafficking, robbery, and racketeering. Young people are arrested because they have committed a crime and punished according the law but after listening to their stories, we immediately understand that they have faced difficult situations in their lives such as physical and psychological violence, exploitation and abandonment. The main problem is their relationship with their families, it is not solid and sound, they miss this connection. In many cases, they have never had a good relationship with their families, even when they lived freely in the society. Before finding themselves in juvenile detention centers, these young people pass through different steps โ€“ social services, house arrest โ€“ without any improvement.

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แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜, แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒ”แƒ• แƒกแƒแƒกแƒฌแƒแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒคแƒ แƒ—แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒงแƒ˜แƒคแƒ”แƒ. แƒšแƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒกแƒ›แƒ, แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒ›แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ— แƒ แƒฌแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒช แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ› แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒ, แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒแƒก แƒกแƒแƒกแƒฌแƒแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ แƒฌแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒฃแƒ‘แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ. แƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒ’แƒœแƒแƒ–แƒ˜ โ€“ แƒ›แƒ™แƒ”แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒ› แƒ“แƒแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— 57 แƒแƒ—แƒแƒกแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒก แƒ แƒ˜แƒชแƒฎแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ 25 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ, แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒฃแƒงแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก, แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒจ แƒ™แƒ˜ โ€“ แƒ™แƒ•แƒแƒœแƒซแƒก แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒ›แƒ™แƒ”แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ›แƒžแƒฃแƒขแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฅแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒแƒฎแƒแƒš แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ  แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒก แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒ”แƒฅแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ’แƒœแƒแƒ–แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“. แƒฎแƒแƒœแƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒšแƒ”, แƒ›แƒแƒฃแƒกแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ โ€“ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ•แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒ”แƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’. แƒชแƒฎแƒ แƒ แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒงแƒแƒคแƒแƒก แƒžแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒœแƒแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒงแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒก. แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ แƒฎแƒ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒ”แƒœ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒแƒš แƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ แƒชแƒแƒšแƒ™แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒก แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. แƒžแƒแƒšแƒแƒขแƒแƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒงแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒฃแƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒ—แƒฎแƒ แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒ—แƒแƒก แƒแƒคแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒœแƒแƒ–แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒฃแƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒก. แƒกแƒแƒกแƒฌแƒแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. แƒกแƒแƒกแƒฌแƒแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒ—แƒ˜แƒ. แƒ›แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช. Gordon Welters Go, My Beauty Miracles are timid, fragile beings. Lucas, the child, whom no one believed in any more, brought the belief in miracles back into Danaโ€™s life. Diagnosis - breast cancer. In Germany alone, 57.000 women get sick of it every year and the numbers are rising. Dana is 25, loves and challenges life while feeling the knot under the skin. After breast amputation and chemotherapy, she decides to live a new life in a different city for her son, who is trying to find his place in this world. Despite doctorsโ€™ prediction. A short, a turbulent life โ€“ towards death and against time. Nine years later, she lies in the palliative care unit of a hospital. Dana succeeded in uniting different people and in creating a circle of friends who carry her to the end and whose single chains support one other. Love fills the room, cloaks it in security and gentle farewell. Miracles astound us. Miracles are rare. Friends too.

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แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒฉแƒฃแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ›แƒ แƒกแƒแƒœแƒฅแƒข แƒžแƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ‘แƒฃแƒ แƒ’แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ (แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜) แƒกแƒฃแƒš แƒแƒชแƒ“แƒแƒแƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒ“แƒ” แƒ™แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒžแƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒคแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒคแƒ” แƒžแƒ”แƒขแƒ แƒ” แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒคแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ แƒ แƒ”แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ. แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒก, แƒกแƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ” แƒ“แƒ แƒžแƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒช แƒฎแƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“ โ€œแƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒแƒšแƒกโ€ แƒฃแƒฌแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ, แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒ—-แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒžแƒแƒžแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ. แƒกแƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒœ, แƒœแƒแƒ™แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ•แƒ”แƒš แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ—แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒžแƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒžแƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒกแƒ˜แƒฅแƒ-แƒœแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒœแƒแƒขแƒ˜ โ„–3 แƒกแƒแƒฏแƒแƒ แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒฌแƒ”แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒแƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒคแƒกแƒ˜แƒฅแƒ-แƒœแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ” แƒแƒ—แƒแƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก, แƒแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“ แƒฃแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ™แƒแƒ แƒแƒ—แƒแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก, แƒแƒšแƒ™แƒแƒฐแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒชแƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก. แƒ˜แƒฅ แƒกแƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒšแƒ” แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ โ€“ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ•แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒฃแƒš แƒขแƒแƒœแƒฏแƒ•แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒ“แƒแƒงแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜. แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒฅ แƒ›แƒงแƒแƒคแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก แƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒœแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒฃแƒ–แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒงแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜. แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒกแƒแƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒ–แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ™แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒ—, แƒจแƒขแƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ แƒแƒžแƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ. แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒ™แƒ˜, แƒ˜แƒฅ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒฃแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒญแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ—แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒœแƒแƒ™แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ. แƒ”แƒก แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒชแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฃแƒชแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒจ แƒ›แƒงแƒแƒคแƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒฌแƒ˜แƒคแƒแƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒœแƒแƒ™แƒแƒ แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒคแƒ”แƒกแƒ•แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ›แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒงแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒ. Gordon Welters Behind the Silence Peterhof, barely thirty kilometers from St. Petersburg (Russia) was the summer residence of Tsar Peter the Great. Today, often referred to as โ€žthe Russian Versaillesโ€œ the palace and park are among the most famous and popular tourist attractions in Russia. Behind the palace, there is a less beautiful building complex. The Psycho-neurological Internat No. 3 in Peterhof is a public institution not only for thousands of adults with psycho-neurological problems and mental illnesses, but also for homeless, alcoholics and older people. Itโ€™s an undignified life โ€“ reduced to languish until death. Many of the residents are lying in beds with the most basic supplies, day in day out. Proper medical care for them is not guaranteed due to lack of staff and unskilled nurses. Above all, there is a lack of individual support and human warmth. Itโ€™s a state-dictated and socially rooted negligence of people in need of protection.

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แƒ˜แƒšแƒ™แƒ˜แƒœ แƒฐแƒฃแƒกแƒ”แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒฆแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ แƒ”แƒ’แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒแƒ–แƒ”แƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒ˜แƒฏแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒชแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ–แƒฃแƒ แƒ’แƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒ–แƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒ”แƒก แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒฌแƒ˜แƒคแƒแƒ—แƒ แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒฃแƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ แƒ”แƒ’แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ”-แƒคแƒแƒฅแƒขแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ (แƒ—แƒฃแƒ›แƒชแƒ, แƒกแƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒจแƒขแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒ แƒแƒฆแƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜) แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒฌแƒ˜แƒคแƒแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ›แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒฆแƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒžแƒฃแƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜. 1988-94 แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ แƒ”แƒ’แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒœแƒกแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ. แƒชแƒ”แƒชแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒฌแƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒจแƒ”แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒฎแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”, 20-แƒ“แƒแƒœ 30 แƒแƒ—แƒแƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒฆแƒฃแƒžแƒ. แƒแƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒ—แƒแƒกแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ•แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒชแƒ. แƒชแƒ”แƒชแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒฌแƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒช แƒ™แƒ˜, แƒ“แƒแƒซแƒแƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒšแƒขแƒแƒšแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ•แƒ”แƒ  แƒ“แƒแƒฃแƒ‘แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒช แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒ แƒ” แƒแƒ–แƒ”แƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒ˜แƒฏแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒก, แƒกแƒ˜แƒขแƒฃแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒกแƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒจแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒชแƒ”แƒชแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒฌแƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒจแƒ”แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒฎแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒฆแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ. แƒกแƒœแƒแƒ˜แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒ”แƒชแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜, แƒแƒฃแƒคแƒ”แƒ—แƒฅแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒฏแƒ”แƒ  แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ• แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒ”แƒชแƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ  แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒซแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒก แƒแƒฎแƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒก. Ilkin Huseynov The Fog of War The mountainous region of Nagorno-Karabakh is the subject of an unresolved dispute between Azerbaijan, within whose boundaries it largely lies, and its ethnic Armenian majority, backed by neighbouring Armenia. Most of the region is a de facto independent (though internationally unrecognized) state, known as the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic. The region was the scene of intense conflict between 1988 and 1994. By the time a ceasefire was brokered, some 20.000 to 30.000 people had been killed, and hundreds of thousands had been displaced. Even after the ceasefire, tension and sometimes conflict continued and most refugees did not return home. For those living in border villages in Azerbaijan, the situation remains dangerous, as breaches of the ceasefire persist. Sniper fire, unexploded mines, and continuing attacks on villages have a severe impact on daily life.

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แƒ˜แƒšแƒ™แƒ˜แƒœ แƒฐแƒฃแƒกแƒ”แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ˜ Mรผhit / แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒ 1991 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒšแƒ” แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜. แƒ”แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒฆแƒแƒช แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒฏแƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒ“แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ–แƒ”แƒช แƒ˜แƒ› แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก, แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ“, แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒญแƒแƒ—แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒจแƒšแƒ แƒแƒฎแƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒก. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒขแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ— แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ. แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒฌแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ”แƒ–แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ™แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒฅแƒ แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒชแƒ. แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ“, แƒแƒฏแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒฌแƒแƒกแƒ•แƒšแƒ แƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒš แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒฃแƒฌแƒ˜แƒแƒ—. 1991 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜, แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ•แƒ”, แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ›แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒฆแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒ“แƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒแƒชแƒ—แƒ แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒแƒช แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒฏแƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒขแƒแƒ•แƒ, แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜แƒช แƒ˜แƒงแƒ โ€“ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒชแƒแƒขแƒ แƒฎแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’. แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒจแƒ”แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒ“แƒ”แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒก. แƒ—แƒฃแƒ›แƒชแƒ, แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ แƒ”แƒ’แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒจแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒก, แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒชแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ›แƒแƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒ™แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฉแƒแƒ›แƒแƒงแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒชแƒ. แƒแƒฅแƒแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ” แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“, แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒœแƒแƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒฃแƒชแƒฎแƒ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ. แƒแƒ› แƒ’แƒแƒฃแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ— แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒจแƒ”แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ”... แƒ”แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜ แƒแƒ  แƒ›แƒฆแƒšแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ, แƒแƒ› แƒœแƒแƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘ แƒฃแƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒกแƒฃแƒฎแƒ’แƒแƒฃแƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒฏแƒ”, แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ’แƒ–แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒก, แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒ แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ, แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ›แƒ แƒžแƒแƒกแƒฃแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒ แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฏแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ. แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ‘แƒ แƒฃแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ. แƒ•แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ˜, แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฅแƒแƒก แƒ•แƒ˜แƒฆแƒแƒชแƒแƒ› แƒแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒญแƒแƒ—แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ แƒฉแƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒซแƒšแƒ (แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒฎแƒกแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ โ€“ แƒกแƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒก, แƒจแƒ”แƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒขแƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก, แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ—แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒฎแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ–แƒ”), แƒแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒช, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ“ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ  แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ. Ilkin Huseynov Mรผhit / Milieu 1991 is the year I opened my eyes for the very first time. It happened somewhere around Ganja, which at the time was being affected in quite a few ways by the collapse of the USSR. Its residents were fleeing the place and moving abroad, pushed by the sudden lack of work and disappearing opportunities for a decent future. It was mostly the adult males that had to leave their families behind. 1991 also happened to be the year of the Nagorno-Karabakh War. So one of those men leaving Ganja was my own father, shortly after I was born. I recall a few details about visiting him in my early years. But throughout the time, I had the chance to relive the slippery โ€“ and yet really clear โ€“ memories of my visits to the region. Despite the short amount of time I had spent away, things back home felt both familiar and alien. With that set of estranged eyes, I started moving around the country, meeting and talking to people from all walks of life... tirelessly, relentlessly. While I went into this familiar unknown because of the questions I had, as I explored it the questions only multiplied and the answers I came up with only made me angry. Such trips could make you dizzy. It felt as if someone had managed to retain not only the more sensual aspects of life in the USSR (the way they had already been formed in my imagination: its smells, the touch, textures, the materials, the light and the sound), but it was also as if a social consciousness was being carefully constructed by the media, in a way that people lived in a reality of their own. 208


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แƒแƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒ  แƒžแƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜ แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒซแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒซแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒ—-แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒฃแƒชแƒœแƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒกแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒแƒ—แƒแƒกแƒ›แƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒ แƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒ แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒก แƒงแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒš แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒญแƒแƒ—แƒ แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒžแƒฃแƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒ. แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒจแƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒจแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒฃแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒแƒคแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒšแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜, แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒกแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒžแƒ”แƒœแƒฏแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜, แƒกแƒ˜แƒฅแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒ 2-3 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒแƒœแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒฌแƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒข แƒœแƒแƒ™แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ“ แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ. แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒก แƒงแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ›แƒ แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ›, แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฎแƒ”แƒ˜แƒš แƒกแƒแƒแƒ™แƒแƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒซแƒฆแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒจแƒ”แƒชแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒœแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฃแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒฃแƒ  แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒžแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒคแƒฃแƒซแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒฏแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒชแƒ. แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ› แƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒ–แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒคแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“, แƒ“แƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅ แƒ—แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒฃแƒฅแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒฉแƒœแƒ“แƒ. แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ•แƒ” แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒฃแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒซแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒกแƒจแƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ  แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒขแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ, แƒ˜แƒฅแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ”แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ”แƒ–แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜. แƒ—แƒฃแƒ›แƒชแƒแƒฆแƒ, แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒ™แƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ”แƒ’แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒœแƒแƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ”แƒ–แƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒœแƒแƒ• แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ”แƒก แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ”แƒ–แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ›แƒแƒแƒ“ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒžแƒขแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ, แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“, แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒจแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒžแƒšแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒ•แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ—. Ivor Prickett Finding New Pastures In what must be one of the stranger modern day migrations, several thousand Indian farmers are now thought to have flocked to the former Soviet republic of Georgia. Lured by extremely cheap, arable land compared to back home, there has been a steady trickle of mostly Punjabi Sikh farmers flowing into the country over the past 2-3 years. The former government under Mikheil Saakashvili, changed legislation allowing foreign companies to set up and lease land in Georgia. The Indians have been the largest contingent to take advantage of the change in law and as this burgeoning community starts to grow, Indian restaurants, hotels and food stores are beginning to pop up in the capital Tbilisi. I have also always been intrigued by the act of leaving ones home in search of a better life, whether because of conflict or for economic reasons. But this particular movement of people, from India to the Caucasus, seems to be driven by a slightly different cause, one which seems quite symptomatic of the crowded yet underfed planet on which we now live.

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แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ–แƒแƒžแƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒšแƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜: แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒšแƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜. แƒแƒšแƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒแƒœแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒฃแƒแƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒก, แƒ—แƒฃแƒ›แƒชแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒชแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒช แƒแƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฉแƒœแƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒแƒ  แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก. แƒ˜แƒฅแƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒก แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒซแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ” แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒ—แƒฃแƒ›แƒชแƒแƒฆแƒ, แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒช แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒฉแƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒ›แƒแƒงแƒ” แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒขแƒ™แƒ˜แƒชแƒ”, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ  แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ. แƒ แƒแƒช แƒแƒ  แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒฎแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒก, แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒ—. Jan Zappner

Albania: Living in Oblivion The series shows people and places in Albania. Albania is a country in oblivion in the middle of Europe and yet not really visible. The people there feel excluded from nearly everything. Their live is tough and with just a little hope for it getting better. But still they have a proudness and clarity directly connected to their human core and personality. They stand by themselves, no matter what happens.

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แƒฎแƒฃแƒแƒœ แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒ” แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒ˜แƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒก แƒ”แƒกแƒžแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒฉแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—, 2011 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒฃแƒ“แƒ”แƒฅแƒ˜. แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, โ€œแƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒกโ€ แƒฌแƒงแƒแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒก แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒฃแƒœแƒซแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒฉแƒœแƒ“แƒ˜. แƒแƒ› แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœ แƒฃแƒซแƒฆแƒแƒ“แƒ แƒฃแƒชแƒœแƒแƒฃแƒ  แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒซแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜. แƒ”แƒก แƒ˜แƒงแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ’แƒ. แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ”แƒก แƒขแƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒขแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒ”: แƒฌแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒซแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ—, / แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ— แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒก แƒฃแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒก แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—. / แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒœ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ— แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒก, / แƒแƒ—แƒแƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒ˜แƒšแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ— แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ / แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒชแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ›แƒแƒซแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. / แƒ˜แƒฅแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒ˜แƒฅ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒฆแƒแƒช แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ, / แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒฌแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ” แƒ“แƒ แƒœแƒแƒงแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—. / แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ•แƒ‘แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, / แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฃแƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ”แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒŸแƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒแƒฉแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ—. / แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒก แƒ•แƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, / แƒฌแƒงแƒœแƒแƒ แƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ. / แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœ แƒ•แƒ”แƒซแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ— / แƒกแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒ”แƒก แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒจแƒแƒคแƒขแƒจแƒ˜, / แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ  แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก, / แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฅแƒแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒ แƒ“แƒ. / แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœ แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒฏแƒ–แƒ” แƒ•แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ—, / แƒ›แƒงแƒ˜แƒคแƒ” แƒฃแƒขแƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—. / แƒ“แƒ แƒ•แƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ’แƒแƒ—, แƒ แƒแƒก แƒ•แƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ— แƒแƒฅ / แƒ“แƒ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœ แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ—. Juan Aballe Country Fictions I started this body of work in the north of Spain in 2011. Since then, Country Fictions has taken me to several remote corners of the Iberian Peninsula. Behind these photographs is a search in a strange time, a period of uncertainty in my life and those of some people around me. I wrote this text to go along with the images: We search for years, / we imagine our future in better places / where we could start over. / We leave the city behind / travelling for miles and miles, / driven by hopes and dreams. / Maybe there was once a countryside, / a village with green and fertile meadows. / Now we return to find only / the remains of a disused scenery. / We pursue a fiction, / that of a peaceful rural life. / We search for beauty in a landscape / where we do not belong, / where time seems to have stopped still. / We live our own transition, our fragile utopia, / trying to understand / what we are doing here / and who we are.

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แƒ™แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ แƒ แƒ”แƒ–แƒ•แƒแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ›แƒ˜แƒจแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒŸแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒฐแƒ แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒกแƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒฃแƒฉแƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ™แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒš แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒคแƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒแƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒ™แƒฃแƒขแƒก (แƒฃแƒ™แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒแƒงแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜) แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜ แƒฐแƒ แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒกแƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒฃแƒฉแƒแƒ–แƒ” 19 แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒกแƒขแƒแƒœแƒ. แƒจแƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ“, แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒคแƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒแƒœแƒขแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒšแƒ”แƒก, แƒแƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒญแƒ แƒ. แƒ แƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒ แƒฅแƒฃแƒฉแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒแƒฌแƒ”แƒกแƒ”แƒก. แƒฐแƒ แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒกแƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒฃแƒฉแƒ แƒแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒขแƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒชแƒ, แƒแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“ แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒฉแƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ”แƒŸแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’ แƒ“แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒกแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช. แƒ”แƒก แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒฐแƒ แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒกแƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒฃแƒฉแƒ˜แƒก โ€“ แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒ“แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก โ€“ แƒ แƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ. Katya Rezvaya, Misha Domozhilov Revolutionaries from Hrushevskoho Street Conflict of the Ukrainian protesters with Berkut (special units of the Ukrainian police) on Hrushevskoho Street began on January 19 and lasted for several days. As a result, two protesters were killed and hundreds wounded. Revolutionaries set up barricades on the street and arranged duties on them. Hrushevskoho Street has become not only arena for bloody battles, but a symbol of the resistance to Yanukovychโ€™s regime. This is a series of portraits of revolutionaries from Hrushevskoho Street โ€“ the main barricade of Euromaidan.



แƒšแƒฃแƒ™แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒ”แƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒ แƒชแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜ แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒš แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก, แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒซแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒกแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒžแƒ˜แƒœแƒซแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒกแƒแƒช แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒก แƒคแƒฅแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒก แƒ”แƒกแƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœ, แƒคแƒกแƒ”แƒ•แƒ“แƒ-แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒฃแƒš แƒชแƒ”แƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒแƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒคแƒฃแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒš แƒ™แƒแƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ. แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ” แƒ”แƒก แƒฎแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒคแƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช โ€œแƒจแƒ”แƒจแƒšแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒกแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœโ€ แƒกแƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒ’แƒแƒชแƒ•แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒš แƒคแƒฃแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ›แƒก แƒฐแƒ˜แƒ—-แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒกแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ— แƒจแƒ”แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒš แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒชแƒแƒ• แƒ™แƒแƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒขแƒ แƒแƒœแƒกแƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒก แƒคแƒฅแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ—แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฌแƒงแƒšแƒ˜แƒ— แƒฃแƒขแƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒœ. แƒแƒ› แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒ— แƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒชแƒแƒ“แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒญแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒก แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒแƒžแƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒ. แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒฆแƒ‘แƒ”แƒญแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒแƒขแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒฃแƒคแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒงแƒฃแƒ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒก แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒจแƒ”แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜. แƒแƒฅ แƒแƒฆแƒ‘แƒ”แƒญแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ’แƒแƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒฃแƒคแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒแƒ‘แƒ, แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฏแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒœแƒฏแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒจแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒฃแƒคแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœ. แƒ™แƒแƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ–แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒฅแƒขแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ•แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒฅแƒขแƒก. Luca Desienna An Exorcist Conflict Every year, the Greek town of Galaxidi hosts a parody of war and conflict, where people throw flour, perform pseudo-tribal dances and wear futuristic costumes in a festival that looks like something out of Mad Max. Threadbare futurism combines with Heath-Robinson machinery as festival goers attack each other with flour and water in their DIY protective suits and mutated machinery. This work is an exploration of the primeval needs that human beings are being drawn to in opposition to our sterilized societies. This series documents the hunger for freedom of expression and the desire to reconnect with our primal being. It documents a self-liberating experience where villagers forget about their identity, image and social position, and become a person who is ugly, dangerous and free. A catharsis in conflict that exorcises conflict itself.

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แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒกแƒขแƒแƒœแƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ-แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒžแƒ™แƒ 1001 แƒชแƒฃแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒก แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ–แƒแƒ‘แƒŸแƒ”แƒก แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒ—แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ แƒงแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒš แƒฃแƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒฃแƒžแƒ˜แƒชแƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฎแƒฃแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒญแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒ˜. แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฅแƒแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒกแƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒจ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ แƒช แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ แƒช แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ  แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒแƒฅ แƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ› แƒฎแƒฃแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒญแƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒก แƒฃแƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒก แƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฃแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ แƒกแƒแƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ˜. แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒฃแƒžแƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒขแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ” แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒฃแƒคแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒ—. แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒแƒ  แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒ“แƒแƒชแƒฃแƒš แƒ แƒ”แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒแƒ  แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒ— แƒกแƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ”แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜. แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒจแƒ”แƒฃแƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒ— แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒแƒœ แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒแƒฎแƒ–แƒ”. แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒคแƒ”แƒฎแƒ‘แƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒก แƒ˜แƒฅ แƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒจแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒ›แƒแƒ”แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ— (แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ‘แƒแƒขแƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ). แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒ แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ˜แƒ—แƒ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒคแƒแƒœแƒขแƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ—. แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒฏแƒ”แƒ , แƒ แƒ แƒ—แƒฅแƒ›แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ, แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒฃแƒฎแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ’แƒœแƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒชแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฉแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ โ€“ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฃแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒกแƒแƒญแƒ˜แƒ แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒฎแƒ“แƒ”? Konstancja Nowina Konopka 1001 Bad Deeds This is a story of five boys from Biskupice, a former workersโ€™ and minersโ€™ district of Zabrze. For the rest of the city, this is a dangerous place, with no prospects or opportunities for the future. For these five boys who were raised here, this is the centre of the universe and an unlimited playground. Children from Biskupice, unlike their peers from large cities, have more life space and freedom of action. They do not live in gated communities, they do not have separate, sterile playgrounds. They can walk on the lawns. Nobody minds that they play football wherever they want (except for Mrs Pierogowa). Their world fascinates with space and imagination. Sometimes, however, the future becomes a worry, and this one question โ€“ how many bad deeds does it take to become an adult?

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แƒ™แƒแƒกแƒขแƒแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒแƒกแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ แƒ”แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒแƒŸแƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ-, แƒ˜แƒกแƒ” แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒจแƒ”แƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒฆแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ—แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ” แƒแƒ›แƒŸแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒš แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ”แƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒฐแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒœแƒขแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ  แƒชแƒแƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒฏแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”, แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒฆแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ—แƒ›แƒ แƒกแƒแƒคแƒฃแƒซแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒฅแƒ˜แƒขแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒกแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒ“แƒ. แƒแƒ›แƒŸแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ“, แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒฆแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅ แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒœ-แƒ‘แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒจแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒชแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒ, แƒแƒ แƒแƒกแƒขแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒฃแƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ• แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒงแƒแƒคแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ โ€œแƒ‘แƒแƒ˜แƒแƒกแƒ’แƒแƒšแƒแƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒกโ€, แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒฏแƒ˜แƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒซแƒฆแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ˜แƒ› แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒแƒฎแƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒ”, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒ–แƒแƒ แƒแƒšแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ. โ€œแƒขแƒ”แƒกแƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒšแƒ”แƒฎแƒ˜โ€ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒฆแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒขแƒแƒœแƒแƒก, แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ™แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒก. แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ”แƒก แƒญแƒ”แƒจแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ“ แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒแƒ โ€“ แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก. Kostas Maros The photographs are part of a multimedia reportage โ€“ consisting of both a film and photography โ€“ about current transformations in Mongolia. From the horizontal position of the yurts to the vertical of the skyscrapers, Mongolia has been undergoing a profound architectural and social transition over the last few years. By now, nearly half of Mongoliaโ€™s population lives in the capital Ulan Bator. A changing living environment, an unsettled way of life, a society in a profound state of flux; For the period of a month and with the support of the aid organization โ€˜Bayasgalantโ€™, a translator and a driver, I documented the lives of those who suffer most from these social transformations. โ€˜Tesverlekhโ€™ signifies bearing or persevering in Mongolian. And for many, this truly is their daily struggle โ€“ sheer survival.

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แƒ›แƒแƒคแƒแƒšแƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ™แƒแƒจแƒ˜ Il y a des Jours Sombres โ€œIl y a des Jours Sombresโ€ (โ€œแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜โ€) 2012 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒแƒ -แƒ˜แƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒจแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒฌแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒ–แƒแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒกแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ”แƒ— แƒกแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒจแƒ˜แƒช 6 แƒ—แƒ•แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ”, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒแƒฅ แƒ’แƒแƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒฏแƒแƒ แƒ แƒกแƒ™แƒแƒšแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒ“แƒ˜. แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒš แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒแƒกแƒ” แƒจแƒแƒ แƒก แƒ˜แƒงแƒ แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒ•แƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒ“แƒ˜, แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ“ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ แƒ›แƒฃแƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ” แƒฃแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒคแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒกแƒแƒช แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ  แƒ•แƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ แƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ˜. แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ แƒ™แƒšแƒแƒกแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฃแƒ“แƒแƒ› แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒขแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒฃแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒฃแƒชแƒœแƒแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ™แƒšแƒแƒกแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ  แƒ•แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ”, แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ  แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ—, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒฆแƒ โ€“ แƒ แƒ แƒขแƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒชแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒแƒ˜แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ•แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ, แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ  แƒ˜แƒžแƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒœ แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ  แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒจแƒ”? แƒแƒ› แƒžแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒชแƒ”แƒคแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒ’แƒ›แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒฉแƒแƒœแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒฅแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒงแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒแƒก แƒ•แƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ—. แƒแƒ› แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒแƒ› แƒซแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒคแƒแƒกแƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ. แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒช แƒแƒกแƒ” แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒก แƒ•แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“, แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒจแƒ”แƒฃแƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒœแƒ”แƒœ. Mafalda Rakos Il y a des Jours Sombres โ€œIl y a des Jours Sombresโ€ (โ€œThere are Dark Daysโ€) is the working title of a project realized in January-July 2012. It takes place in Casamance, southern Senegal, where I spent 6 months, attending the public high school as an exchange student. In this living environment so far from what I knew, I felt blind in a way, unable to decode the simplest things that constantly happened around me. The series tries to unite the constant atmosphere of friendship and intimacy in class with the foreignness and strangeness of the surrounding. I asked my friends and colleagues how they would like to be photographed โ€“ what clothes would they choose, what places, how would they pose and present themselves to the camera? After making up these small concepts, Iโ€™d visit them and weโ€™d try to carry it out. The attempt was to get to know and find out more about these precious persons I felt so close to but who, at the same time, remained so mysterious to me.

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แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒ แƒขแƒแƒฉแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒšแƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒจแƒ˜ 1990-แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒฌแƒงแƒ˜แƒกแƒ›แƒ แƒ“แƒ 2008 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒก แƒฎแƒฃแƒ—แƒ›แƒ แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ› แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒจแƒ˜ 200 000-แƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ  แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒแƒœแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒซแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒฎแƒแƒ“แƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ˜ แƒขแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜, แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒญแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒก. แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ• แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒก แƒแƒ  แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ  แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒš-แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒฃแƒ‘แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ. Maia Tochilashvili Waiting to Return Home The beginning of 1990s and five days of August in 2008, turned more than 200.000 people into internally displaced persons within Georgia. They suffered pain, humiliation and indigence. Years go by, governments change but they donโ€™t lose hope of returning home.

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แƒ›แƒแƒฏแƒ˜แƒ“ แƒกแƒแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒแƒ•แƒฆแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒแƒœแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒฌแƒแƒ–แƒ”, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒจแƒ˜แƒช แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒ 50 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒฏแƒ”แƒ  แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒกแƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ, แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒฏแƒ”แƒ  แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒแƒฅ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ. แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒกแƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ, แƒ˜แƒกแƒ” แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒจแƒขแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒแƒ•แƒฆแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ˜แƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒฆแƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ–แƒฃแƒš แƒขแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒขแƒ™แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒแƒช แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒญแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ“ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒงแƒแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒแƒ•แƒฆแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒฎแƒ“แƒ แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒแƒœแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒช แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒก แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒฆแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒ”แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ–แƒ” แƒแƒ•แƒฆแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’. แƒแƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ—แƒ แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ  แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒ”แƒช แƒแƒฎแƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒก: แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒจแƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒœ, แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒฅแƒ›แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒจแƒ” แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒ›แƒจแƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ  แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒžแƒแƒกแƒฃแƒฎแƒ˜แƒกแƒ›แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒฃแƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒ—. แƒแƒ› แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒแƒœแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒฆแƒแƒขแƒแƒ™แƒ” แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒฌแƒ•แƒ”แƒ• แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ”แƒ–แƒแƒ“, แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒฌแƒแƒ“แƒจแƒ˜, แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒคแƒแƒฅแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒชแƒ. แƒ—แƒฃแƒ›แƒชแƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒฆแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ™แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒ—แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ™แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“, แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒฆแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ— แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. แƒแƒ› แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒแƒœแƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒฃแƒ™แƒ•แƒ” แƒ“แƒแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— 4 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒฌแƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘ แƒ“แƒ แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ–แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒกแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒขแƒฃแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ แƒ•แƒ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ˜แƒ— แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ. Majid Saeedi Afghanistan is the only country in the world that has been at war for the past 50 years. Sometimes other countries attacked it and at other times, there were civil wars. Both intentionally and locally, the Afghans are known as people of war and bloodshed. They suffer from some serious traumas and hurts that take many years to heal. The wars have transformed it to the country it is today and Somalia is the second poorest country after Afghanistan. War affects the everyday life of survivors: children lose their parents, women are left without husbands and as single mothers, they are forced to be in charge of their childrenโ€™s and their own lives. Poverty is widespread in this country and it has been caused by various factors over the last several years. But despite the poverty, drug addiction, and lack of education, life still goes on in Afghanistan and people continue to live with the hope for a better tomorrow. I have lived around 4 years in this country and I can show you some of the abovementioned situations with eight of my images.

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แƒกแƒแƒœแƒ” แƒ“แƒ” แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ“แƒ” แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ—แƒ”แƒ—แƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒšแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒšแƒ, แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ—แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ— แƒ›แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœ. แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ—แƒšแƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒกแƒฎแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ–แƒ” แƒจแƒ”แƒฃแƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒš แƒœแƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒก แƒขแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒฅแƒกแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒ—แƒ”แƒ—แƒ แƒ”, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ•แƒก, แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒœแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ—แƒšแƒ” แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ—แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒ“ แƒจแƒ—แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒฅแƒแƒ•แƒก. แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ” แƒแƒ›แƒแƒก แƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒœ. แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒแƒคแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ, แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒžแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒฃแƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒคแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒงแƒ˜แƒคแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒ›แƒชแƒ“แƒแƒ  แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒก แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ• แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒขแƒ™แƒ˜แƒชแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ, แƒแƒฆแƒแƒœแƒ“ แƒฃแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒ”แƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“. แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ™แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒšแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ›แƒ, แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒงแƒ˜แƒคแƒ” แƒ—แƒ”แƒ—แƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒ— แƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ—แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒญแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒชแƒแƒ“แƒ”.

Sanne De Wilde Snow White Albinos, like photographic material, are light sensitive. Light leaves an irreversible imprint on their body. This whiteness that makes them stand out, when captured in an image, almost makes them dissolve, consumed by the light. Their eyes can hardly bear it. They are a metaphor, a symbol for stereotypes, they magnify the erroneous idea of human weaknesses and physical fragility but also that of invincible beauty. Touched by their breathtaking vulnerability, in this series, I try to create a powerful impression of this fragile white beauty.



แƒกแƒแƒœแƒ” แƒ“แƒ” แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ“แƒ” แƒ™แƒ”แƒ™แƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ โ€“ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ—แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒฃแƒœแƒซแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ โ€œแƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ—แƒ”แƒ—แƒ แƒ˜โ€ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ” แƒ”แƒ แƒ—-แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ‘แƒแƒขแƒแƒœแƒ›แƒ แƒžแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ–แƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒ”แƒ แƒ—-แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒฃแƒœแƒซแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒก, แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ–แƒ”แƒช แƒ“แƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ. แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ” แƒแƒ›แƒแƒœ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒชแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒกแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒแƒช แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒฆแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ. แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ โ€œแƒ—แƒ”แƒ—แƒ  แƒ™แƒฃแƒœแƒซแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“โ€, แƒ˜แƒ“แƒฃแƒ›แƒแƒš แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒœแƒ”, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ–แƒ”แƒช แƒšแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒ˜, แƒฆแƒ˜แƒ แƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒšแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ” แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก โ€œแƒ™แƒ”แƒ™แƒ”แƒแƒกโ€ แƒฃแƒฌแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. แƒ”แƒก, แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒขแƒงแƒ•แƒ, แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒแƒขแƒแƒ•แƒก แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒก, แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ  โ€œแƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒกโ€ แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ•แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒกแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ—แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒฃแƒœแƒซแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ, แƒ›แƒฃแƒฅแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ. แƒ™แƒฃแƒœแƒซแƒฃแƒšแƒ–แƒ” แƒแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ  แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ  แƒ“แƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒแƒ  แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜. แƒ™แƒ”แƒ™แƒ”แƒ-แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒชแƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒชแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒฅแƒแƒœแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒงแƒ˜แƒคแƒ” แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒขแƒ แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ–แƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒจ แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ.

Sanne De Wilde Kekea Samoa โ€“ White Island A young woman from the Snow White series told me about Samoa, an island in Polynesia, where her mother was born. That planted a little seed in my head that started to grow. I imagined Samoa to be a โ€˜white islandโ€™, a mysterious place inhabited by beautiful fair-skinned people. Samoans call people with albinism โ€˜kekeaโ€™, a somewhat unfriendly word that describes how their radiant white skin makes them โ€˜shineโ€™ and stand out among the other dark skinned islanders. There is no real sense of discrimination on the island; the biggest enemy of the kekea-people is ignorance and the lack of protection while their fragile skin burns up under the tropical sun.


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แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒฅแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ™แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒ”แƒแƒชแƒ” แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฆแƒกแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“, แƒแƒฐแƒแƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒจแƒขแƒแƒขแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒก แƒžแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒจแƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ  แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒจแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒฎแƒแƒœแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒฉแƒ”แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜. แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒจแƒแƒคแƒขแƒจแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒแƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ›แƒ, แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ–แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒ•แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ”, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒŸแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒœ แƒ˜แƒ› แƒแƒ แƒฅแƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒžแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒ˜แƒ’แƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก โ€œแƒ“แƒฃแƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“โ€ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒก แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ  แƒ›แƒ”แƒฎแƒกแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ“แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ. แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒงแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒžแƒงแƒ แƒ”แƒก. แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒฎแƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ•แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒจแƒ”แƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒซแƒšแƒ แƒขแƒ แƒแƒœแƒกแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒกแƒแƒช แƒแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒก แƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ•แƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ˜. แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒจแƒฃแƒ แƒฎแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒ–แƒฆแƒฃแƒ แƒ‘แƒšแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒฅแƒ˜, แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒช แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒช. แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ  แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒชแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒแƒช แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜, แƒแƒฌแƒ›แƒงแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜ โ€œแƒ›แƒ”โ€-แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒชแƒ. แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒก, แƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ•แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒฅแƒกแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒกแƒฃแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฅแƒแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ’แƒแƒฅแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ’แƒ. แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒแƒ› แƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฆแƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒฃแƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ แƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒก. Sebastian Collett The Vanishing Point On the occasion of 20th high school reunion, I returned to my small hometown in Ohio, where I remained for some time. Immersed in the landscape of my youth, I found myself scouting for people who could serve as โ€œstand-insโ€ for characters from my past, or for those archetypal figures that haunt our collective memory. I was especially drawn to the young and the aging.ยฌ As a child, Iโ€™d often feel haunted. I could spend days absorbed in a trance, communing with the spirits of an ethereal world. Now standing at the threshold of middle age, I wanted to look back and forward simultaneously. Photography became a form of time travel, enabling an integration of past, present and future selves. Making portraits of people, I watched for moments of transition, when the subject seemed on the verge of becoming, or vanishing. Throughout my work, I seek to describe these liminal states, and to evoke the endless quest to situate the self in time.



แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒแƒœแƒ 24 แƒกแƒแƒแƒ—แƒ˜ x 90 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒ–แƒ” โ€œแƒ“แƒ”แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒแƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ—แƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒฆแƒแƒช แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒจแƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’ แƒ™แƒ˜, แƒฃแƒ™แƒ•แƒ” แƒแƒชแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒ›แƒชแƒ แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒแƒ แƒแƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒญแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ. แƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ›, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒชแƒแƒขแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ. แƒ˜แƒก แƒงแƒแƒ˜แƒกแƒœแƒแƒฆแƒ˜แƒ— แƒฅแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒ, แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ, แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒชแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ”แƒฌแƒ”แƒแƒ“แƒ. แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒแƒ—แƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ“แƒแƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒฆแƒ” แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ แƒฃแƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒฌแƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒขแƒšแƒ˜แƒ• แƒ›แƒ”แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ: แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒš แƒกแƒแƒแƒ—แƒก แƒแƒฅ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ—แƒšแƒ”, แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜, แƒ›แƒแƒซแƒ แƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฎแƒ›แƒ แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก. แƒ—แƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒฌแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒ”แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒชแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒญแƒ”แƒจแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒฎแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒœ. แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ–แƒ” แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒฎแƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒฃแƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒ— แƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒแƒฌแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒฃแƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒคแƒ”แƒฎแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ  แƒฃแƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒชแƒ•แƒแƒก แƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. Simona Bonanno 24 Hours x 90 Years Aunt Sara lives alone. Never been married, she has lived once with her parents, then, since 20 years ago, with her younger sister. She has never needed to work to live. At the age of forty, she decided to teach because she was a little bored. Her activities included crocheting, reading, baking cakes, and charity work. Now, that she is ninety, she is always occupied all day long. To spend a journey with her is like living in a timeless tale that it continuously repeats itself every day: each hour in here has a habitude, a light, an object, a movement, a sound. A generation who lives between past and present. Iโ€™m truly fascinated by these old and smart people. They, more than any one of us, live constantly switching from the old era to our now trying to move with the times, protecting themselves in their timeless world.

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แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒคแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ’ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒฃแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒฆแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ›แƒ แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒ›, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒแƒช แƒฉแƒ˜แƒœแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“ โ€œแƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒกโ€ แƒฃแƒฌแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ, แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒฆแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ แƒ”แƒ’แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒฉแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒฃแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒฃแƒš แƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒ. 2005-11 แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒ แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒก แƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ˜. แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒฉแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒจแƒขแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜, แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ•แƒ” แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒ˜แƒก แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒช แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒก. แƒ›แƒซแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒœแƒ–แƒ”, แƒ”แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช 2012 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒ’แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒชแƒ, แƒชแƒแƒšแƒ™แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒชแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒ›แƒฃแƒ  แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒก. โ€œแƒ’แƒฃแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒฆแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒกโ€ แƒกแƒแƒ—แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒจ แƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ 8 แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒแƒฅแƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒก แƒ˜แƒ› แƒฏแƒ’แƒฃแƒคแƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒ’แƒฃแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒฃแƒœแƒจแƒ˜, แƒฉแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ”แƒ—-แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒฃแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒฆแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. Wolfgang Mueller Guangdong Nightshift Millions of migrant workers, called โ€œmingongโ€ in Chinese, have moved from the poor rural regions to Chinaโ€™s industrial centers. Between 2005 and 2011, I followed some of them in their private and work lives. The pictures capture the scope of Chinaโ€™s domestic migration as well as the everyday reality it entails. Against the backdrop of harsh living conditions, this work, published as a photo book in 2012, presents intimate portraits of the struggles and dreams of individual workers. The selection of 8 pictures, Guangdong Nightshift, places the emphasis on those groups and individuals who are burning the midnight oil in the Guangdong province โ€“ the most industrialized province in the southeast of China.

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แƒ“แƒแƒ—แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒฏแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ แƒ แƒแƒจแƒ 21 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ. แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒฃแƒ’แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ, แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒก, แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ“แƒœแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ›แƒแƒงแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒช แƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ”. แƒฏแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ แƒ แƒแƒจแƒ แƒฎแƒฃแƒ—แƒ’แƒ–แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒžแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ. แƒฏแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ›, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒกแƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒงแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ, แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ”แƒก แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒ” แƒฉแƒแƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒ’แƒ แƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒงแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜. แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ”, แƒฏแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒแƒก แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒขแƒ”แƒขแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ” แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒ. แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒฃแƒ  แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒฎแƒแƒ— แƒฃแƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒšแƒ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ“แƒœแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒ”แƒœ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒกแƒฌแƒ แƒแƒคแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒชแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก. แƒแƒ› แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒก โ€œแƒžแƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒ˜โ€ แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒฅแƒ•แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒฎแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜. Dato Daraselia Python Juliana Rocha is 21 years old. Sheโ€™s a prodigy in the boxing scene of Portugal. Despite the fact that the world of boxing is dominated by men, she feels herself very well in here, sheโ€™s happy and proud to be a woman and a boxer at the same time. She is a 5-time national champion. Her father, who was a big fan of combat sports, endeared a young Juliana to boxing. Besides, Juliana studies criminal science at the University of Porto. In my documentary project, Iโ€™d like to show you a simple woman, who wants to have a happy life and struggles for her dreams. I called my work โ€œPythonโ€ because under this name she will become famous in the world of boxing.

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แƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜แƒขแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒœแƒ˜แƒœแƒซแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒฅ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒœแƒ˜แƒœแƒซแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒแƒฅแƒ แƒแƒก แƒแƒ แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒžแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฃแƒชแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—. แƒ”แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒแƒช, แƒ–แƒฃแƒ แƒ’แƒ–แƒ” แƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒ•แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก โ€œแƒ™แƒฃ-แƒœแƒ˜แƒœแƒซแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกโ€ แƒ‘แƒแƒ™แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ, แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ“ โ€œแƒœแƒ˜แƒœแƒซแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜โ€ แƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒฅแƒ•แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒฌแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜, แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒแƒฏแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“, แƒ˜แƒ› แƒ—แƒฎแƒ แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ— แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ, แƒแƒœ, แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒซแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒ“แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒฎแƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ. Dmitry Kostyukov Ninjas Portraits of Ninjas illegal gold miners with the tools they use to mine. Nicknamed โ€œNinjaโ€ because of the pan they carry on their back that makes them resemble the shells of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtle, these miners usually leave with their family next to the pit they are mining, constantly roaming around in the look for a new place to mine.

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แƒ™แƒ”แƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒ“แƒ”แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒฉแƒแƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒšแƒแƒกแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒฃแƒ™แƒ•แƒ” แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฆแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ, แƒ›แƒ–แƒ” แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒฏแƒ”แƒ  แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ• แƒ–แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒขแƒจแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ•แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒ  แƒ“แƒ แƒฎแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒก แƒ•แƒฃแƒงแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘. แƒฃแƒชแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒฅแƒฃแƒฎแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒ›แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒชแƒแƒก แƒžแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ›แƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ, แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฅแƒแƒก แƒกแƒแƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒซแƒ แƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒงแƒแƒก. แƒšแƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒฅแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ–แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ—แƒšแƒ”แƒจแƒ˜. แƒชแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒแƒŸแƒ˜. แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜. แƒฏแƒ˜แƒžแƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ แƒกแƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ–แƒ” แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒแƒ—แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ•แƒ˜แƒซแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘. แƒฌแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ•แƒแƒชแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘; แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ–แƒ” แƒ“แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒ•แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒ›แƒ. แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ•แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ•แƒ˜แƒซแƒ”แƒ‘, แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒแƒ™แƒก แƒ•แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒฎแƒ แƒ”แƒจแƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ–แƒ” แƒจแƒ”แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒก, แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒแƒแƒก แƒ•แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ•. แƒแƒฅ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒ แƒ•แƒแƒ  แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ•แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜. แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ˜แƒจแƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒกแƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ”. แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒก แƒ’แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒฅแƒแƒœแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒงแƒแƒคแƒ˜ แƒฏแƒแƒœแƒ˜ 78 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒก แƒจแƒขแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒแƒ. แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ”แƒฅแƒ•แƒกแƒ” แƒชแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒฆแƒฃแƒžแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒแƒšแƒแƒกแƒ™แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒแƒก แƒแƒกแƒขแƒแƒขแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒ‘แƒแƒ˜. แƒ›แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ, แƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒแƒ  แƒ—แƒฃ แƒแƒ แƒ. แƒ›แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ, แƒ แƒ แƒ’แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ•แƒฃแƒ—แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ˜, แƒแƒ  แƒ•แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜-แƒ›แƒ”แƒ—แƒฅแƒ˜. Katharine MacDaid Notes from Alaska Itโ€™s late in the evening and the sun is still high. I sit looking through trees to a mountain beyond. A thundering sounds as small planes fill the sky like road traffic. Moose antlers in the sun. An empty garage. The mountains beyond. I sleep for half an hour in the back of the jeep. I urge the rain to fall; the sound of the drops hitting the car roof. When I wake, I walk the back track out of the camp and turning down a gravel lane, I see a graveyard of cars. Iโ€™m quite alone out here and an ominous feeling covers me. My imagination is full of cinematic fear. In the car next to me, John is 78 years old and from Indiana. He is moving back to Alaska after the death of his 6th wife. An old Rodeo cowboy. He asked me if I was sad. He asked me what it was that I wanted and I said I didnโ€™t know.

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แƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒœ แƒ™แƒแƒžแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ: แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ 2002-2009 แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜, แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒขแƒแƒข แƒ‘แƒแƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒš แƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒฎแƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒกแƒแƒœ แƒžแƒแƒฃแƒšแƒฃแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ” แƒŸแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒก แƒฃแƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒš แƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒ”. แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ”แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒฅแƒ˜แƒขแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก, แƒแƒกแƒ™แƒแƒ  แƒœแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒš แƒฐแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒœแƒขแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ  แƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒ“แƒแƒงแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ› แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ“แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ, แƒžแƒšแƒแƒŸแƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒฅแƒฃแƒฉแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒญแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒ› แƒ˜แƒœแƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ•แƒ˜แƒคแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒกแƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ”แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ˜แƒกแƒ” แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒแƒฉแƒ˜แƒœแƒ” โ€œแƒฅแƒฃแƒฉแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜โ€ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒ•แƒแƒฌแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒก.

Kristin Capp Brazil: A Personal Odyssey Between 2002 and 2009, I photographed in many corners of Bahia, Brazil and continued with my exploration of Brazilian life in the urban centers of Sรฃo Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. Drawn to the details of ordinary life and to the modernist iconography of Brazilian architect, Oscar Niemeyer, the essence of this personal documentary is the persistence of the local, the eloquence of moments on the beaches and streets, and the surprising juxtapositions of information that make up my own mirror of what I found while working in the tradition of โ€˜street photographerโ€™ and documentarian.

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แƒšแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒœแƒชแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ แƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒจแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒœแƒกแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒฏแƒ˜แƒจแƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒกแƒแƒช แƒ”แƒ›แƒ–แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒฃแƒš แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒกแƒ™แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒจแƒแƒœแƒกแƒ˜ แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒก. แƒšแƒ”แƒแƒœแƒแƒ แƒ“ แƒ‘แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒฃ, 1974 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒฃแƒœแƒจแƒ˜ (แƒกแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ แƒšแƒ”แƒแƒœแƒ”) แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ”แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ—แƒ”แƒฅแƒ•แƒกแƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ“แƒ, แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒฅแƒชแƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก, แƒ“แƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒก แƒคแƒšแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒœแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒแƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ. แƒ‘แƒ แƒฌแƒงแƒ˜แƒœแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ” แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒงแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ แƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช 2000 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ›แƒžแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ  แƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒžแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒ แƒแƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒชแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ“แƒ, แƒ›แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒ•แƒแƒฌแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒฌแƒงแƒ•แƒ˜แƒขแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒแƒœแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒแƒฃแƒ—แƒ›แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒช, 2005 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก, แƒžแƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ. แƒ“แƒแƒฃแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒชแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒ, แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒกแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ แƒฌแƒแƒœแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒžแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ“, แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ” แƒžแƒ”แƒขแƒ แƒฃแƒฉแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒฃแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ. แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒขแƒงแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ“ แƒจแƒ”แƒฌแƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒฉแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒฏแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒฏแƒ—แƒ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ‘แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒฃแƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒ’แƒ, แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒกแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒฎแƒกแƒœแƒ. Lorenzo Masi The Fight Sweat and labor in intense daily training to get ready for what may be the last chance of a professional career. Leonard Bundu, Italian boxer born in Freetown, Sierra Leone, in 1974, started practice boxing when he was sixteen, after he reached his mother in Florence to flee from civil war. After a brilliant amateur boxing career, ended with the defeat at the second round of the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games tournament, he stopped fighting to have a period of reflection, after which, in 2005, he started to fight as a pro. Undefeated, he challenges Daniele Petrucci to get the EBU (European Boxing Union) welterweight crown. After a match suspended for the consequences of an accidental head butt, the victory attributed to Bundu by unanimous decision of the judges, opens to him a number of interesting prospects to continue to fight.

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แƒขแƒแƒ›แƒแƒก แƒจแƒ˜แƒšแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ แƒšแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ แƒแƒฅ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒกแƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ”แƒ— แƒฃแƒœแƒ’แƒ แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒžแƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ’แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ. แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒฏแƒ”แƒ , แƒกแƒ˜แƒขแƒงแƒ•แƒ โ€œแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒแƒกโ€ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒฅแƒ›แƒแƒช แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒแƒœ แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒžแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒขแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒœ แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒžแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ•แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ—. แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ“, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ แƒ-แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒฃแƒกแƒฎแƒ, แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒฌแƒงแƒ•แƒ˜แƒขแƒ” แƒšแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒฆแƒ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒช แƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒชแƒแƒ“แƒ”, แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒจแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ–แƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒฎแƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒ. แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ•แƒ” แƒ•แƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒžแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ, แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒฌแƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒ•แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒฆแƒแƒšแƒแƒขแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜. แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒก แƒแƒ  แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ“แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ›แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ—แƒฃ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—; แƒแƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒแƒ› แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒญแƒ”แƒจแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒญแƒ•แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ. Tamรกs Schild To Be Beautiful Gypsy These are scenes and portraits from the lives of vulnerable and underprivileged Romani from Southern Hungary. At times, even uttering the word โ€œgypsyโ€ is considered to be loaded with and evokes stereotypes. Instead of documenting many problems Roma and non-Roma have with one another, I decided to photograph beautiful gypsy people trying to visualize their actual and inner lives. I try to find the common denominators we humans have such as abandonment, longing, belonging, betrayal and the rest. No studio, no set scenes, no extra lighting or post-processing that would question the truthfulness of the experience was used.

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แƒ แƒ”แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒแƒŸแƒ˜

Reportage

แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒ แƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ™แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ แƒ”แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒแƒŸแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒ“แƒœแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ โ€œแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ˜โ€ แƒฃแƒ™แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ•แƒจแƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ—แƒ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒก. แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ•แƒจแƒ˜ 2013 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก 21 แƒœแƒแƒ”แƒ›แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒฆแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒก, แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒžแƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒญแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ˜แƒ— แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ. แƒžแƒ แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒจแƒขแƒแƒ‘แƒ›แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒ”แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒข แƒ•แƒ˜แƒฅแƒขแƒแƒ  แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒฉแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒ. แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒžแƒ แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒ แƒแƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒก 30 แƒœแƒแƒ”แƒ›แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒก แƒ“แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ—แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ โ€œแƒฃแƒ™แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกโ€ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒฃแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ“แƒ. 2014 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก 25 แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก, แƒžแƒ แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒซแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒš แƒซแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒจแƒขแƒแƒ‘แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒฃแƒคแƒชแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฃแƒ™แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒคแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ—แƒ แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒงแƒแƒคแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒฎแƒ“แƒ. แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒ“แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒžแƒ แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒ แƒแƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ›แƒ แƒžแƒแƒกแƒฃแƒฎแƒ›แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒ—แƒฎแƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒแƒฉแƒ˜แƒœแƒ. Daro Sulakauri Reportage from Euromaidan Euromaidan is a group of photos taken during the civil unrest in Ukraine, Kiev. Civil Unrest in Kiev began on the night of November 21, 2013 with public protests demanding closer European integration. The scope of the protests expanded, with many calls for the resignation of President Viktor Yanukovych and his government. Many protesters joined because of the violent dispersal of protesters on November 30 and โ€œa will to change life in Ukraineโ€. By January 25, 2014, the protests had been fueled by the perception of widespread government corruption, abuse of power, and violation of human rights in Ukraine. Unrest stemming from the Euromaidan protests, and subsequent, violent government response, has prompted fears of civil war.

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แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒšแƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ›แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒฌแƒแƒ“แƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒฏแƒ”แƒ  แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒฃแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒšแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ–แƒœแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ, แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ— แƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒก แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒจแƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ”แƒ แƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒ™แƒšแƒฃแƒ–แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฆแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒซแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒงแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ แƒ แƒ˜แƒชแƒฎแƒ•แƒ›แƒ, แƒกแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒกแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒงแƒแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ›แƒแƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ. แƒกแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒฃแƒ›แƒ›แƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒฃแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒ แƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒงแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒ›แƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒขแƒ แƒแƒœแƒกแƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒฌแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒช, แƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒœแƒ”แƒขแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒ˜-แƒแƒ˜-แƒžแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฎแƒแƒš แƒ™แƒšแƒแƒกแƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒชแƒ. แƒœแƒ˜แƒฃ แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒœแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ›แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก, แƒกแƒแƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒ“แƒแƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒจแƒ”แƒคแƒฃแƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฏแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ”แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒ˜แƒ แƒ–แƒ” แƒแƒฆแƒ‘แƒ”แƒญแƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ•แƒ˜แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ“แƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒกแƒขแƒแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ•แƒ, แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒจแƒขแƒแƒ‘แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒคแƒ˜แƒฅแƒกแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒคแƒ˜แƒ แƒ–แƒ” แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒฌแƒ แƒแƒคแƒแƒ“ แƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. Dina Litovsky Backstage Fashion Week Held twice a year, Fashion Week is the biggest and most glamorous event of the fashion industry. Though the purpose of Fashion Week is business, the appetite is to see and be seen. In the last couple of years the audience for the previously closed off and exclusive event has gotten much bigger through social media and Instagram. The explosion of social media has transformed the industryโ€™s branding and fan base, making the internet a new class of VIP. Shooting backstage in New York City and London, I was interested in capturing the details of the carefully packaged fashion image โ€“ expertly constructed, heavily photographed and instantly disseminated.

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แƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜แƒขแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒซแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒฅแƒ˜แƒžแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ˜ แƒคแƒ แƒแƒœแƒช-แƒ˜แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒก แƒฉแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ”แƒ—แƒจแƒ˜, แƒฉแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒงแƒ˜แƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœ แƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒแƒ แƒฅแƒ˜แƒžแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ. แƒ›แƒ™แƒแƒชแƒ แƒ˜, แƒชแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒšแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“, แƒ˜แƒฅแƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒฅ แƒžแƒแƒšแƒแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. 1994 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก, แƒแƒ แƒฅแƒ˜แƒžแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ• แƒœแƒแƒ™แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ“แƒ“แƒ. แƒ—แƒฃแƒ›แƒชแƒ, แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒญแƒแƒ—แƒ แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ“แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ™แƒฃแƒœแƒซแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒฅ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ™แƒแƒกแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒแƒช แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒซแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒš แƒฅแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒ•แƒก. แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒจแƒšแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒซแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒกแƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒขแƒแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ”แƒ–แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒฎแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. 2012 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก, แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒกแƒฃแƒคแƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ“, แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ. แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ“, แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒ™แƒแƒกแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒฌแƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒญแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. Dmitry Kostyukov Polluted Archipelago Franz Josef Land is an archipelago situated in the Arctic Ocean, in the far north Russia. In spite of its harsh cold climate, the wildlife is diversified and includes polar bears and foxes. In 1994, the archipelago was declared a nature sanctuary. However, the islands used to serve as military base during the Soviet time. Millions of barrels, some of them containing heavy polluting chemicals have been left behind. The decomposition of this material and contamination of the biodiversity that would occur would mean a terrible ecological disaster. In 2012, a joint expedition started to clean the area. It is estimated that it would take about two years to remove all the barrels..



แƒคแƒแƒฃแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒžแƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฏแƒแƒฐแƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ‘แƒ˜ 1985 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒแƒจแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ• แƒแƒฏแƒแƒœแƒงแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒœ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒ, แƒแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ‘ แƒ•แƒแƒฏแƒ แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ 20 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒงแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒ› แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒก แƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒ—แƒ“แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒฏแƒ”แƒ  แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ• แƒงแƒแƒคแƒก แƒงแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฏแƒแƒ›แƒฃ แƒ“แƒ แƒฅแƒแƒจแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒก แƒžแƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒœแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒ-แƒกแƒแƒฌแƒ•แƒ แƒ—แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒแƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ: แƒ”แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒญแƒแƒ—แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒฆแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก แƒฎแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ. แƒแƒ› แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒแƒ—แƒแƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒฅแƒแƒจแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ” แƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒ”แƒœ, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’ แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒแƒฆแƒ˜ แƒแƒ˜แƒกแƒฎแƒ”แƒก. 1990-แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒฌแƒงแƒ˜แƒกแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒแƒ›แƒ›แƒ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ™แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒฆแƒฌแƒ˜แƒ, แƒแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฏแƒแƒ›แƒฃ แƒฅแƒแƒจแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒขแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜แƒก, แƒกแƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ–แƒ” แƒžแƒแƒกแƒฃแƒฎแƒ˜แƒกแƒ›แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ—แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ. แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒแƒ›แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒแƒ“, แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒช แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ–แƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒจ แƒ›แƒงแƒแƒค แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ  แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ  แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒชแƒ. 1993 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ”แƒ›แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒแƒกแƒ˜ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒชแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’ แƒœแƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒก แƒแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒขแƒแƒŸแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ, แƒฃแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ“แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒ“แƒ. แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒฌแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ”แƒ–แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒฃแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒขแƒแƒฅแƒขแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ โ€“ แƒ›แƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ” แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒงแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒžแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ แƒแƒ—แƒแƒฎแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ—แƒฅแƒ“แƒ, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ• แƒ”แƒ แƒ— แƒ›แƒแƒฏแƒแƒฐแƒ”แƒ“แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒงแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒช แƒ˜แƒ› แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก แƒกแƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒฉแƒแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฐแƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ. แƒ”แƒก แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒชแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ. แƒแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ—แƒฅแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒกแƒแƒกแƒฌแƒแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒฉแƒ, แƒ—แƒฃแƒ›แƒชแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒ แƒ›แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ. แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ–แƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ”แƒก แƒแƒšแƒแƒฐแƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒแƒช แƒแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฉแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒชแƒแƒ“แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒฏแƒ. แƒแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ‘ แƒ•แƒแƒฏแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒช แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒšแƒ˜แƒก, แƒแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ‘ แƒฎแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒกแƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ“ แƒจแƒ”แƒฃแƒ แƒฉแƒ˜แƒ”แƒก, แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒแƒ แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒฃแƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ• แƒกแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒจแƒ˜. แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ 20 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒแƒ, แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒขแƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ  แƒแƒชแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“, แƒ—แƒฃแƒ›แƒชแƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ—แƒ›แƒ, แƒกแƒ”แƒžแƒแƒ แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒšแƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒ, แƒžแƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒ แƒžแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒ, แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ–แƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒขแƒแƒ•แƒ. Fausto Podavini Mujahidin Oyoub In 1985, when the mass rebellion of the Indian Kashmir population was still not expected, Oyoub Waja was only 20 years old and he was crossing the boundary that still divides the Pakistan side from the Indian side of the former J&Kโ€™s princedom. The destination was a military training camp located in Waziristan: these were the years of the Soviet-Afghan war. From that time on, thousands of Kashmiri young people would have run the same way and reached other military camps beyond the boundary to take up weapons, this time against India. In the early 90s, when the war was at its peak, Oyoub was the commander of the downtown area in Srinagar, the summer capital of J&K. He, as other militants did, almost became a myth for young people of a city that was informally under his grip. Then, in September 1993, an accident occurred while he was setting a mine towards a senior officer of the Indian army. The accident was caused by a false contact, a small human distraction. The device exploded in the small room where he stood with another mujahideen and his sister who was serving tea in that moment. These two suddenly died. Oyoub miraculously survived at the blast, though he lost his sight and remained impaired. According to some neighbors it has been Allahโ€™s will to cause all that in order to punish Oyoub for all the things he committed. Oyoub Waja, whose name has been chosen in honor to the Pakistan general Oyoub Khan, he is now alone in the perpetual night of his own world. 20 years have passed, and now he finds himself alone, convinced of his utopias but abandoned by india, the separatists organizations, the politicians in Pakistan, its military body and his neighborhood. 258


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แƒคแƒแƒฃแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒžแƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒจแƒฃแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒญแƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒœแƒ˜ 1980 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ, แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฐแƒแƒกแƒžแƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒฌแƒ˜แƒคแƒแƒก แƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“ 36 แƒ›แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒจแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒก แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒฏแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ• 6 แƒ›แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒก โ€“ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก. โ€œแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒญแƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒœแƒ˜โ€ แƒ™แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒฐแƒแƒกแƒžแƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ›แƒŸแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒ แƒ”แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒแƒŸแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ™แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—แƒ แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ”แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒฎแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ› แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒแƒฃแƒชแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒœแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒฌแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒฏแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒชแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒฌแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜, แƒ”แƒ™แƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒœ; แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ› แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒแƒช แƒ”แƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ” แƒ”แƒก, แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ”แƒคแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ. แƒ—แƒฃแƒ›แƒชแƒ, แƒกแƒขแƒ แƒฃแƒฅแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ แƒ”แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฐแƒแƒกแƒžแƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒจแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒจแƒ” แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ. แƒ™แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“ แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒแƒœแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒ•แƒแƒฌแƒ” แƒฃแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒแƒฃแƒชแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒขแƒ แƒฃแƒฅแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ แƒ”แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ›, แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฌแƒฃแƒฎแƒแƒ แƒแƒ“, แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒฌแƒ˜แƒคแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒœแƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒฌแƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒขแƒ, แƒกแƒแƒฏแƒแƒ แƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒฏแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒžแƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒฌแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ. แƒ”แƒก แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ–แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒขแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒฌแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒฃแƒจแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒแƒฎแƒแƒš แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒก แƒ—แƒฃ แƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒ’แƒœแƒแƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒžแƒแƒ แƒแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒก. Fausto Podavini Suspended in Midair Since 1980, hospitals managed by missionaries in Kenya have been receiving 36 millions of shillings for the ordinary expenses and 6 million for development from the government each year. โ€œSuspended in Midairโ€ is reportage on the current condition of mission hospitals in Kenya. The majority of the Kenyan people agree that all the essential instruments for the advancement of Kenyans, especially those for medical care, were usually provided by churches and religious organizations, and that they have been the only, or at least, the most efficient, instruments for the development for many years. However, after the Structural Adjustment Programs, the mission hospitals risk an imminent shutdown of their services. The Structural Adjustment Programs, required by foreign missions to Kenya, as well as to every other developing country, unfortunately led to a withdrawal of state funds, public sector spending cuts, privatization and taxes. This is a serious debt situation that burdens on these medical units of the missions, inhibiting any new initiative, or even just the replacement of old medical tools and diagnostic machines.

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แƒฏแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒš แƒกแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ แƒฉแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ”แƒ— แƒแƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒชแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ Oltre la Patria/ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒจแƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒฅแƒ”แƒ— โ€œแƒฉแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ”แƒ— แƒแƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒชแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒโ€ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒฎแƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ โ€“ โ€œOltre la Patria/แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒจแƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒฅแƒ”แƒ—โ€ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ™แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช 2008 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ”. แƒ”แƒก แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ”แƒ— แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒก, แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒแƒ แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒš แƒšแƒขแƒแƒšแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒžแƒ˜แƒœแƒซแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. แƒแƒ› แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒฃแƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒžแƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒชแƒแƒ“แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ’แƒ แƒšแƒขแƒแƒšแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒแƒœแƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒช, แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒซแƒ˜แƒšแƒ–แƒ”, แƒฃแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒซแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒขแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ. แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜, แƒคแƒแƒฅแƒขแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒ“, แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒชแƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ, แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ”แƒ— แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜, แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ”แƒ’แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒแƒ“, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒขแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’แƒ˜แƒ. แƒ›แƒ”-19 แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’ แƒ“แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ›แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒขแƒแƒšแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒ แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒแƒแƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒช แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒ—แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒซแƒ˜แƒšแƒ–แƒ”, แƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒชแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜, แƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ. แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ•แƒ”, แƒ’แƒแƒฉแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒฉแƒ” แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒœแƒ โ€“ แƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒฉแƒ” แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒ“แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒขแƒ แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜. แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒก แƒแƒ›แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ–แƒแƒ แƒ“ แƒ“แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. 1970-แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜, แƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒฃแƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒฆแƒแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒœ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ”แƒก แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒฎแƒแƒš แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” (แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒจแƒ˜แƒช แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒ˜แƒœแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒก), แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒ แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒแƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒก. แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ”, 1950 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก, แƒ–แƒ”แƒ›แƒ แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ 3200 แƒ™แƒแƒชแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ; แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒก แƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒš แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒจแƒ˜ 600 แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒก, แƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ™แƒ˜ โ€“ 1000. แƒ”แƒก แƒ แƒ˜แƒชแƒฎแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒ” แƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒ˜แƒงแƒ. แƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒฅแƒชแƒ”แƒ•แƒ โ€“ แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒ แƒแƒžแƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ. แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ (...). 1 แƒ˜แƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜, 1998 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜. แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” (แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒแƒšแƒแƒขแƒ) แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, 500 แƒฅแƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒ›แƒ แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒก แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ“แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ แƒคแƒ”แƒฎแƒ˜: แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ, แƒกแƒแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒแƒช แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ, แƒšแƒขแƒแƒšแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒคแƒแƒ  แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฌแƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒชแƒ. แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒฃแƒš แƒ›แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒงแƒแƒคแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ“แƒ, แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ— แƒ—แƒฃ แƒฉแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ”แƒ— แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒžแƒแƒขแƒ แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒฎแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒšแƒขแƒแƒšแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒงแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒก. แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ แƒแƒกแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ โ€œแƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜ โ€“ แƒฏแƒฃแƒ–แƒ”แƒžแƒ” แƒžแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜โ€, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒแƒช แƒšแƒขแƒแƒšแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒซแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒชแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒญแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ’แƒ›แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒ•แƒ. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—-แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒก, แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒก แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ แƒšแƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒขแƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ›แƒแƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ›แƒ—แƒฅแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ: โ€œแƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒ” แƒ•แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ— แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒแƒ—, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒ”แƒ แƒ— แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒžแƒแƒ แƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒฃแƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก (...) แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒกแƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒšแƒขแƒแƒšแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ—แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒซแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒ”แƒกแƒ แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒšแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒœแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒ. แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœ, แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ•แƒ”, แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ— แƒ›แƒแƒซแƒ แƒแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒ’แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒคแƒแƒœแƒขแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒฉแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒกแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ  แƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒฃแƒš แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒแƒฅแƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒฎแƒก แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒฉแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒ”แƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒแƒ˜แƒซแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก, แƒ”แƒ แƒ— แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒก แƒแƒ› แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒ แƒ— แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒžแƒแƒ แƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ‘ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒคแƒฃแƒšแƒ–แƒ”, แƒแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒคแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฆแƒ˜แƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒ”แƒช แƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ‘แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—โ€.

Giovanna Del Sarto Northern Africa Emergency Dream from Oltre la Patria/Beyond Homeland Project Northern Africa Emergency Dream is a selection from my long term project Oltre la Patria/ Beyond Homeland that I started in 2008. It is the story of a village, Riace, South of Italy, which opens its abandon houses to refugees who reached the Italian territory illegally. This is a productive and positive way to understand refugeesโ€™ situation in a country whose people have been leaving it for centuries in search of better life. The village is virtually deserted. A form of desertion which is common to many Southern Italian villages, especially in Calabria, and which is the painful result of emigration. The wave of Italian immigration at the end of the 19th century, and the one which immediately followed World War II, triggered a mechanism of mobility in the village which, in the space of a couple of decades, led to the desertion of the old town and to the creation of a new Riace, facing the sea, as well as a Riace di Santena, in the province of Turin, and the ones which exist in Argentina, Canada, Australia. The spreading and proliferation of so many Riaces is connected to a progressive decline of the old town. In the 70s, the old buildings started to deteriorate, a lot are not inhabited. Especially the most recent ones (fitted with modern appliances) build by the emigrants who hoped to come back. Besides, in 1950, Upper Riace had 3200 residents; today 600 people live in the old town and 1000 at the sea, this number is higher than it was before people left the place. Emigration, mass escape, is an anthropological condition of the people of Calabria. The hope for Calabria comes from the sea (...). The 1st of July 1998, following the trail of arrivals on nearby coasts (Badolato), 500 Kurds landed on Riaceโ€™s shores: an escaping land becomes a land which welcomes people who are escaping. The houses in disrepair were fixed and those which had been long left by their owners emigrated abroad or to the North of Italy, were also used to put up the refugees. The Association Future Town โ€˜Giuseppe Puglisiโ€™ was created in Riace that adopted a national plan of protection and support for refugees and asylum seekers. The words of one of its founding fathers, and today, the mayor of the town, Domenico Lucano, are quite eloquent: โ€œWe have been working from the start in an effort to create a multicultural village where everyone would speak the same language and get on with any other (...) Today we are an emergency center for refugees and asylum seekers, an alternative to the detention centers managed by the government; we also represent an attempt to stop the spreading of the contemporary globalized society that marks the social and cultural differences and forces people to move between South and North. I hope one day to be able to speak the same language as these men and talk with them not about money, but about human rights and dignityโ€. 262


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แƒฏแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ™แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒ™แƒแƒแƒก แƒแƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ’แƒแƒกแƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—-แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒกแƒ โ€“ แƒฌแƒ˜แƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒขแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒกแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ™แƒแƒแƒก แƒฎแƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒงแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒจแƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒช แƒกแƒฃแƒš แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒฎแƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ“แƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒจแƒแƒ™แƒแƒšแƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜. แƒฃแƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒšแƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒแƒ™แƒแƒšแƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ–แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒแƒฃแƒชแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒš แƒ™แƒแƒ™แƒแƒแƒก แƒ“แƒแƒฃแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒš แƒœแƒแƒงแƒแƒคแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ แƒฏแƒ”แƒ  แƒแƒ แƒแƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒก แƒงแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒแƒšแƒ˜. แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒฃแƒš แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒงแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ™แƒแƒแƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜, แƒฃแƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜ แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒฎแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒแƒ™แƒแƒšแƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ›, โ€œแƒ›แƒฃแƒฅแƒ˜ แƒแƒฅแƒ แƒแƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜โ€ แƒ’แƒ˜แƒŸแƒฃแƒ  แƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒชแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒแƒฃแƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ”. แƒ™แƒแƒ™แƒแƒแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒงแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒแƒ™แƒแƒšแƒแƒ“แƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒขแƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒงแƒแƒก; แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒกแƒ˜แƒ“แƒฃแƒฎแƒญแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’. แƒ—แƒฃแƒ›แƒชแƒ, แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ“แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒจแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒจแƒ” แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒœแƒ“แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ˜แƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒ แƒ”แƒ’แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒฃแƒกแƒฏแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒแƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒจแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ, แƒจแƒแƒ™แƒแƒšแƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ–แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒแƒฃแƒชแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒซแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒคแƒแƒกแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒงแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒแƒ’แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒขแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ—แƒก แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. แƒ™แƒแƒ™แƒแƒแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒงแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ  แƒจแƒ˜แƒจแƒจแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. แƒ’แƒแƒซแƒแƒ แƒชแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ˜แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒแƒ˜แƒซแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒ แƒ”แƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ“แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒแƒœ. แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒแƒ—แƒแƒฎแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒจแƒ˜แƒช แƒซแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ•แƒก. แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ–แƒ”แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒชแƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœ: แƒ˜แƒžแƒแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒœ แƒ™แƒแƒ™แƒแƒแƒก แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ, แƒ˜แƒกแƒ” แƒžแƒšแƒแƒœแƒขแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ. แƒ”แƒก แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ›แƒฌแƒ˜แƒคแƒแƒ  แƒ™แƒแƒ™แƒแƒแƒกแƒแƒช แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒžแƒแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒœ. แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’ แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ—แƒฎแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒฌแƒ˜แƒคแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒจ แƒแƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒœ. แƒžแƒšแƒแƒœแƒขแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒžแƒแƒขแƒ แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒซแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœ, แƒ“แƒฆแƒ” แƒ“แƒ แƒฆแƒแƒ›แƒ” แƒžแƒแƒขแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ”, แƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒงแƒแƒคแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒ—แƒฎแƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒงแƒแƒก. แƒ™แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ แƒซแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒฃแƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ, แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ“, แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ™แƒแƒแƒก แƒžแƒšแƒแƒœแƒขแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒกแƒแƒแƒ›แƒแƒงแƒแƒ. แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ™แƒแƒแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒžแƒแƒ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœ แƒกแƒแƒ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ— แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ แƒฃแƒ™แƒ•แƒ” แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒ›แƒแƒงแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒฃแƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒ—. แƒžแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒจแƒ˜ แƒฎแƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒ™แƒแƒชแƒ  แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒš แƒจแƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ›แƒ”. แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒแƒ› แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒœแƒแƒจแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ—แƒ แƒฌแƒ แƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒซแƒ”แƒ‘แƒœแƒ˜แƒš แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ—แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒ“แƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒœ. แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ 33 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒแƒ™แƒแƒขแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ˜แƒช แƒ˜แƒงแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ  แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ’แƒแƒกแƒ แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒšแƒ”แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ  แƒฃแƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ. แƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฏแƒแƒฎแƒ˜ แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ แƒจแƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ แƒžแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒฏแƒแƒฎแƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒซแƒแƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ. แƒžแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒ—แƒฎแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒก, แƒ—แƒฃแƒ›แƒชแƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒซแƒแƒ แƒชแƒ•แƒแƒก แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ.

Giulio Di Sturco Cocoa War Madagascar is home to some of the worldโ€™s finest rich orange and red pods of cocoa, increasingly used today by Europe and Americaโ€™s finest chocolatiers. Raw cocoa beans, used to make premium chocolate, have never been in higher demand. A surge in appetite for high-end chocolate sourced from single-origin growers has created a frenzied rush for the โ€œdark goldโ€. For the islandโ€™s cocoa farmers, the surging demand for chocolate should be transformative, especially after years of poverty, but their newfound livelihoods are under threat from armed bandits running rampant in remote areas, hijacking stores and road shipments of the precious beans that make chocolate. The cacao farmers in Ambanja are living in fear every day. A fear of theft prompts them to store their harvested crop as close to them as possible, with most keeping it in the same room as they sleep in. Gangs do as they please, stealing cacao from the farmersโ€™ houses and from the fields. These gangs even steal unripe cacao from the field, then dig holes in which to ripen it underground. Owners of plantations are obliged to patrol their fields every day and evening to keep crops safe. Cacao is a luxury product, thus the existence of cacao plantations in Ambanja is a source of pride. Gangs make a significant profit from stealing cacao and they gain respect in their local communities because they can now help their families meet their daily needs. Police assaults on gangs are often callous, blistering attacks. They hunt down members of these theft rings from a list of wanted gangs. On the list was Rakotonirina Ferdinand, 33 years old, who was shot dead in his house in Matsaborilava, when he tried to prevent police from entering his house. Ferdinandโ€™s family was shocked by the shooting, and significant tension now exists between the police and the family. The police continue trying to restore security, but the gangs are determined to continue stealing.

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แƒแƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒ  แƒžแƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ” แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒงแƒจแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒญแƒ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒแƒ—แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒขแƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒฅแƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜, แƒงแƒ•แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก. แƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ—แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒžแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒ แƒฅแƒ”แƒ—แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒแƒฅแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒฃแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ•แƒแƒญแƒ แƒ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒงแƒแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ แƒ”แƒ’แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅ แƒ”แƒ แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒฎแƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ— แƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒฃแƒš แƒกแƒแƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒกแƒแƒ•แƒแƒญแƒ แƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ—แƒฃ แƒกแƒฌแƒ แƒแƒค แƒแƒ•แƒขแƒแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒ—แƒฃแƒ›แƒชแƒ, แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ›แƒ, แƒ“แƒแƒซแƒแƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒฅแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฉแƒฅแƒ”แƒคแƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒฅแƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒแƒก แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒ—แƒฎแƒ”แƒก แƒฃแƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒก. แƒ”แƒ แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒฉแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ-แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒแƒ—แƒจแƒ˜, แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅ แƒ“แƒแƒฐแƒฃแƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒœแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒก แƒšแƒขแƒแƒšแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ—แƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒแƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒก, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช 45 000 แƒกแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒšแƒขแƒแƒšแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒกแƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒแƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ•แƒแƒš แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒซแƒ˜แƒšแƒ–แƒ”, แƒแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒงแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒš แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ แƒ™แƒฃแƒ™แƒ—แƒแƒœ, แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒงแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒจแƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ–แƒแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ—แƒแƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒฅแƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ”แƒจแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ’แƒ-แƒฏแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒแƒฏแƒแƒ แƒ แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ 2012 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ”แƒ›แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ” แƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒกแƒ แƒแƒšแƒแƒ› แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒฌแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ, แƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ—แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒžแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒคแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒซแƒแƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒช แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ. แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒคแƒ˜แƒฅแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ”แƒก แƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒŸแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ“ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒแƒฆแƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒก. แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ, แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒ› แƒฅแƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒงแƒ–แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒฎแƒแƒ แƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜, แƒ˜แƒฅแƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒกแƒขแƒแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒแƒœแƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ. Ivor Prickett A decade after the allied invasion of Iraq, the semi-autonomous north of the country, commonly known as Kurdistan, is booming. Thanks to oil revenues and previously unfathomable trade and business links with Turkey, it is easy to find luxury hotels, shopping malls and fast cars in the regions capital, Erbil. But scratch beneath this veneer of wealth and stability and there are simmering tensions and bloody conflicts threatening to slow Kurdistanโ€™s transformation. A few hours north west of Erbil lies the Domiz refugee camp, just outside the city of Dohuk, where some 45,000 Syrian refugees are living. One hour in the opposite direction, near the divided city of Kirkuk, there are thousands of Kurdish Peshmerga soldiers stationed in preparation for a fight against the Iraqi army. Although the massing of troops was initially sparked by a small firefight in November 2012, tensions have been simmering for years over rights to oil exploration contracts. Many wonder whether the crisis is now reaching a tipping point. So, while Kurdistan is held up as the success story of the invasion, the reality on the ground is far more complicated and finely balanced.



แƒฏแƒ”แƒ˜แƒ›แƒก แƒฃแƒ˜แƒ—แƒšแƒแƒฃ แƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ แƒ”แƒ™แƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ›แƒ แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ—แƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ›แƒ, แƒ›แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒฆแƒแƒขแƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ›แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒ แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒซแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒ’แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒฃแƒฅแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒขแƒ™แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒซแƒšแƒแƒก. แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“, แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒ›แƒซแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒขแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒฃแƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒ—, แƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ›แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒ แƒฃแƒ™แƒ”แƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ• แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒฃแƒ“แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒก, แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒฌแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ˜แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒžแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒคแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ แƒ แƒžแƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ’แƒ˜แƒ. แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒฌแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ—, แƒแƒ› แƒ™แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒซแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒกแƒขแƒแƒœแƒก, แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒจแƒ”. แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒžแƒแƒ แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ•แƒ” แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒžแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒแƒค แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒ˜แƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ, แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฅแƒแƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒช แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ–แƒ” แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ, แƒ›แƒ—แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒ“ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒฏแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜. แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒฉแƒแƒœแƒก, แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒฏแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒœแƒก แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ  แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒšแƒ แƒแƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. แƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฆแƒ–แƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“, แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ’แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒชแƒœแƒ”แƒœ. แƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒแƒžแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒคแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒแƒชแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒกแƒฃแƒš แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ แƒžแƒšแƒแƒœแƒ–แƒ” แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. James Whitlow Delano The Consumption Ecosystem Out of sight, out of mind billions labor in poverty so that more-prosperous endconsumers can enjoy a bounty of cheap food, cheap energy and cheap goods. By no choice of their own, they must shoulder a heavy burden so that more prosperous end-consumers can live better, more fulfilling lives secure in the belief that the supply of cheap stuff is a birth right not a privilege. The bounty of this capitalistic Mardi Gras โ€“ most consumers believe โ€“ is supposed to go on forever, free from consequences. Multinational corporations, just like their colonial predecessors, extract resources and exploit cheap labor, as if the land and those who live on it are completely expendable. The goal to minimize production costs and maximize profit seems to take precedent above all else. With the rise of Asia, new players have emerged and become the biggest commodity consumer markets. Hard-fought gains in human rights and environmental protection are quickly being erased.



แƒฏแƒ”แƒ˜แƒ›แƒก แƒฃแƒ˜แƒ—แƒšแƒแƒฃ แƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜: แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒฃแƒžแƒงแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ”แƒ— แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒฉแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ”แƒ— แƒฏแƒฃแƒœแƒ’แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒฆแƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ› แƒแƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒแƒช แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒแƒฆแƒฌแƒ˜แƒ”แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ›แƒ”-17 แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ”-18 แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒœแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒžแƒšแƒแƒœแƒขแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒ˜แƒฅแƒชแƒœแƒ”แƒœ, แƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜, แƒแƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ–แƒ” แƒแƒ แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜, แƒแƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฐแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ”แƒก. แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒขแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ—แƒ แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒžแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒฃแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฏแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒ—แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ”แƒ› แƒแƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒชแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฃแƒชแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ•แƒ. แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒœ. แƒ—แƒฃแƒ›แƒชแƒ แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ›แƒ แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒœแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ›แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒžแƒแƒ แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒ แƒขแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒฃแƒ™แƒ•แƒ” แƒ“แƒแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒฃแƒ›แƒแƒซแƒฆแƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜. James Whitlow Delano The Maroons: Americasโ€™ Unconquered Africans Deep within the northern Amazonian rainforests of South America live descendants of Africans who threw off the chains of slavery and carved out entirely African societies, hybrids societies unlike any in Africa, when they slipped away from Dutch Colonial plantations in the 17th and 18th centuries. The brutality of punishment for disobedience, instilled in the Africans who would one day comprise various Maroon tribes heighted the urgency of securing territory of their own and defending it. Surinameโ€™s wild interiors are largely untouched due to Maroon land stewardship but resource-hungry multinational corporations have set their covetous sights on Maroon tribesโ€™ lands.



แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒก แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒขแƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒชแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒขแƒแƒกแƒ˜, แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ / 2013 แƒฌ. แƒ–แƒฃแƒกแƒขแƒแƒ“ 8 แƒกแƒแƒแƒ—แƒ–แƒ”, แƒ˜แƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒšแƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒงแƒ”แƒฃแƒš แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒก แƒฎแƒกแƒœแƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ แƒฉแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒก แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒžแƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒฐแƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ— แƒฃแƒ–แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒงแƒแƒคแƒก. แƒ“แƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ (41 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก) แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒซแƒ›แƒ, แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ (7 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก) แƒ“แƒ แƒžแƒแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ (9 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก), แƒฏแƒ”แƒ  แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ• แƒฌแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒแƒœ แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒจ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ›แƒแƒ— 4000 แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒšแƒขแƒ˜แƒžแƒšแƒแƒœแƒแƒก แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒ•แƒก แƒแƒฏแƒแƒฎแƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒขแƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒจแƒ˜ (แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ) แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒ–แƒ”, โ€œแƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒ  แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ–แƒ”โ€ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒก. 200 แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒฏแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒแƒ“, แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ 500-แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—-แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒชแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒแƒ แƒแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒกแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ 40 แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒฃแƒฅแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒซแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ“ แƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ•แƒก แƒงแƒแƒคแƒœแƒ˜แƒ—. แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒฃแƒฆแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ”แƒœแƒกแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒจแƒ”, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช 35 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒแƒ แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ“แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ“แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒฆแƒฃแƒžแƒ, แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ แƒ˜แƒซแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒ”แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒแƒ แƒแƒจแƒ˜. แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“, แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒซแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒแƒฉแƒ•แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒœ แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒกแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒœแƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒแƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒฃแƒคแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. Jonas Wresch Potosรญโ€™s Little Guards Potosรญ, Bolivia / 2013 At 8 oโ€™clock sharp, Yoddy opens the shaky metal door of her house in order to turn on the compressor that provides the surrounding mines with air. Her mother Maxima (41) and her two brothers Israel (7) and Paul (9) are still lying under the pile of blankets that protects them from the morning chill of the 4000m high Altiplano. The family lives on the Cerro Rico, the โ€œrich mountainโ€ in Potosรญ, Bolivia. Like 200 other families, they guard the entrance to one of the 500 silver-mines and therefore receive a payment of 40โ‚ฌ per month, barely enough to buy groceries for two weeks. Without her husbandโ€˜s salary, who died in a mining accident at the age of 35, Maxima is forced to work in the mines herself. Together with her children, she helps the miners to push the heavy mining cart out of the tunnel, or free the adit of debris.

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แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒก แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒแƒจแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒจ แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜, แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ / 2012-2013แƒฌแƒฌ. แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒกแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ—แƒ แƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ–แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒฏแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ”, แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒฃแƒชแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒฎแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก. แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒฏแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒจแƒ”แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒฏแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒแƒฏแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒแƒ“, แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒฎแƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒขแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒœแƒฃแƒ™แƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒฏแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ— แƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒœ. แƒแƒฏแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒšแƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ“ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ›แƒแƒช แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒฌแƒงแƒ•แƒ˜แƒขแƒ”, แƒ“แƒ”แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒ แƒ•แƒแƒกแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒแƒฏแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ“แƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒฆแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ แƒฌแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒ”แƒ แƒ’แƒ. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒฃแƒฆแƒšแƒ” โ€“ แƒ”แƒ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒแƒฏแƒแƒฎแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ—แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ”แƒ. แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ“, แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒฅแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—. แƒ•แƒแƒจแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒขแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒขแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ•แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ— แƒกแƒแƒ› แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ—แƒแƒœ โ€“ แƒแƒœแƒ-แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ (9 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก), แƒคแƒ แƒแƒœแƒชแƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒ-แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ (8 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก) แƒ“แƒ แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒ-แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ (5 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก) แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“, แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒจแƒ˜ (แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒœ-แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒก), แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ•แƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒแƒฏแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. Jonas Wresch Under The Apple Tree Bรผhl, Germany / 2012-2013 Societyโ€™s change in values and its increasing individualization demand new family models, make them possible and necessary. Patchwork-families like the one that I come from become more usual, the traditional nuclear family is losing importance. The classic image of a family has always fascinated me and was the reason to start documenting the life of my aunt Viola Wassmer and her family. She inherited the strong believe in God from her mother and also her husband Erwin and his whole family are Catholics, thus their lives revolve around Christian rituals. Between apple trees and potato fields, they live with their three daughters Anna-Maria (9), Franziska-Maria (8) and Theresia-Maria (5) in Bรผhl close to Baden-Baden on grandfather Eugenโ€™s farm, which is still part of the family.



แƒ™แƒ”แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ› แƒแƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒกแƒ˜ โ€œแƒ”แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒกแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒโ€ โ€“ แƒฌแƒแƒ˜แƒขแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒฎแƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒžแƒแƒขแƒ แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ› แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒฉแƒแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ แƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ”. แƒ›แƒ”แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒฉแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒ แƒ. โ€œแƒแƒฐแƒ แƒ แƒ”โ€ โ€“ แƒ’แƒแƒ˜แƒฅแƒœแƒ˜แƒ”แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒแƒขแƒ”แƒก. แƒ แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฌแƒฃแƒฎแƒแƒ แƒแƒ. โ€œแƒจแƒแƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ  แƒจแƒแƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒœโ€ โ€“ แƒ“แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒ”แƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒžแƒแƒขแƒ แƒแƒœแƒ”. แƒ”แƒจแƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒจแƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒ˜. แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒš แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒ แƒ แƒ˜แƒชแƒฎแƒ•แƒ›แƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒฎแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ—แƒแƒกแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒแƒญแƒแƒ แƒ‘แƒ. แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ แƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—แƒแƒœ (แƒ แƒแƒœแƒ-แƒžแƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ, แƒกแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜) แƒแƒ—แƒแƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒ’แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ› 1127 แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒšแƒแƒชแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช 24 แƒแƒžแƒ แƒ˜แƒšแƒก, แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฉแƒแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ แƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒฆแƒฃแƒžแƒœแƒ”แƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ• แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒฃแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒขแƒ แƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ. แƒ”แƒก แƒ˜แƒงแƒ แƒœแƒแƒ”แƒ›แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒชแƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒšแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒจแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ• แƒ”แƒ แƒ— แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ• แƒคแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฎแƒแƒœแƒซแƒ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒแƒช แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒœ 112 แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ˜แƒ แƒ. แƒ”แƒก แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ“แƒแƒ—. แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒฃแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ“แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒช แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒ แƒ˜แƒ› แƒขแƒ แƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒ. แƒกแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒขแƒ แƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒก, แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒฃแƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒแƒ. แƒ แƒแƒœแƒแƒžแƒšแƒแƒ–แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒ–แƒแƒ แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒแƒช แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒ’แƒ แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒฌแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ, แƒ“แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒœแƒแƒฎแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ—แƒฃแƒ™แƒ˜ แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒฌแƒ˜แƒคแƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒ‘แƒ–แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒก แƒแƒ  แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒฃแƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—, แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜, แƒฉแƒแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ แƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒš แƒœแƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ แƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—. แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ”, แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒšแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒจแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒคแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒ—แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒžแƒแƒขแƒ แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒจแƒ”, แƒžแƒ แƒแƒคแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฉแƒแƒ›แƒแƒงแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒชแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ‘แƒ. แƒ”แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ› แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒคแƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒ”แƒ’แƒ›แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒ•แƒ. แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒžแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒแƒช แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒšแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒจแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ–แƒœแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜ แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒ—, แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœ แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒžแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒœแƒ”แƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒจแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ แƒแƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒ’แƒแƒŸแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒœแƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒแƒ แƒแƒกแƒแƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ”แƒ›แƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ—. แƒจแƒ”แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒจแƒขแƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒ แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ›แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒ แƒคแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ˜แƒ’แƒœแƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒคแƒแƒ—แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒฅแƒ•แƒ. แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒกแƒแƒชแƒแƒšแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒแƒญแƒ แƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ”แƒช แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒแƒแƒœแƒ—แƒฎแƒ˜แƒ”แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒแƒช แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒซแƒšแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ› แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒฃแƒš แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒแƒ แƒแƒœแƒแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒ  แƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ—, แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒฃแƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒšแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒจแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒคแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. แƒ˜แƒแƒคแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒ—แƒ แƒ แƒแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ™แƒ”แƒ แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒ”แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ. แƒ—แƒฃแƒ›แƒชแƒ แƒ”แƒก แƒœแƒ”แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒฌแƒงแƒ”แƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒชแƒ”แƒ•แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ”แƒก แƒฃแƒ“แƒแƒœแƒแƒจแƒแƒฃแƒšแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒจแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ— แƒกแƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒก แƒแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒคแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ แƒฌแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒฃแƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒ—แƒฎแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ แƒแƒฏแƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒฆแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒฅแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒฌแƒ˜แƒคแƒแƒช แƒ™แƒ˜, แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ— แƒฃแƒงแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒก. แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒšแƒ˜แƒงแƒ›แƒ โ€œแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ–แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒšแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒจแƒจแƒ˜โ€ แƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒชแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ. แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ–แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒฃแƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒคแƒแƒกแƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒกแƒแƒ“ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. แƒฃแƒ™แƒ•แƒ” แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒซแƒฆแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ› แƒฃแƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒงแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒ แƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒชแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒฏแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒก. แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒฆแƒฃแƒžแƒ แƒแƒ—แƒแƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒ™แƒ˜. แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒกแƒ™แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒฃแƒœแƒ—แƒฅแƒ•แƒ แƒฏแƒ”แƒ  แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ• แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒก แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ™แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒก. แƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ— แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒฆแƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ? แƒแƒœ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒฃแƒ™แƒ•แƒ” แƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ— แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒฆแƒ แƒ›แƒ แƒ›แƒฌแƒฃแƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ—?

K M Asad Cost of Slavery โ€œThis building will stand a hundred years,โ€ owner boasted just a day before its collapse. The next morning, it came down. โ€œAha re,โ€ the people shook their heads and asked sympathetically. So sad. โ€œShoitaner shoitan,โ€ they cursed the owner of the building. The devilโ€™s devil. The number of dead bodies crossed thousand so fast. Thousands of mourners have gathered at the ruins of a garment factory building (Rana Plaza in Savar) to offer prayers for the souls of the 1,127 people who died in the structureโ€™s collapse on April 24, the worst tragedy in the history of the global garment industry. It came months after a fire at another garment factory in Bangladesh in November that killed 112 workers. These two are notable. Before them, there had been a couple of other accidents and many lost their close ones in those tragedies. Savar Tragedy is a symbol of our failure as a nation. The crack in Rana Plaza that caused the collapse of the building has only shown us that if we donโ€™t face up to the cracks in our state systems, that we as a nation will get lost in the debris of the collapse. Bangladeshโ€™s government has also agreed to allow garment workers to form unions without permission from factory owners. That decision came a day after it announced a plan to raise the minimum wage in the industry. Many Western companies, which have businesses in Bangladesh, have engaged in significant public relations campaigns to minimize the fallout from revelations about their workersโ€™ inhumane conditions. Dozens of consumers in the US spoke out against unsafe working conditions found in the factory building. People also unleashed their anger at retailers that did not have any connections to that specific building, but are known to source from factories located in Bangladesh. Cheap labor and quantity of laborers are blessings for our garment sector. But this blessing turns into curse when all those innocent workers sacrifice their lives under poor labor law, unhealthy security system, negligence of their owner and moreover, the government itself. The โ€œMade in Bangladeshโ€ tag has now changed in meaning. It costs bloods to tag a price on those products made by our workers. It is high time authority took any revolutionary step for the sake of the neglected garment workers. Thousands of garment workers had died. The last breath of those souls surrounds us. Did we learn anything at all from these terrible massacres? Or will we have completed our duty by merely expressing our deep sympathy.

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แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒš แƒ’แƒแƒšแƒแƒ•แƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒ™แƒ แƒฃแƒ™แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒกแƒ•แƒšแƒ (2008-2010 แƒฌแƒฌ.) โ€œแƒฃแƒ™แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒกแƒ•แƒšแƒโ€ แƒฃแƒ™แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒกแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ—: โ€œแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒฎแƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ แƒ แƒžแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒกโ€. แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ—: โ€œแƒ”แƒก แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒ™แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒขแƒ แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ’แƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ... แƒ›แƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก. แƒแƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒฃ แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ”แƒžแƒแƒ แƒแƒขแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก, แƒแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“ แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก...โ€ แƒ”แƒก แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒœแƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก... 21-แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒ แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒแƒœแƒ˜. แƒฃแƒ™แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒŸแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒ–แƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒžแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒ 17 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒซแƒ˜แƒšแƒ–แƒ”, แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒšแƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒฉแƒœแƒ“แƒ, แƒ—แƒฃแƒ›แƒชแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“, แƒฃแƒ™แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒ แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒฎแƒ›แƒ แƒฏแƒ”แƒ  แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ• แƒ•แƒ”แƒ  แƒ“แƒแƒแƒฆแƒฌแƒ˜แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒš, แƒกแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ  แƒกแƒฅแƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒ“แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒกแƒแƒช แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ แƒแƒ–แƒ”แƒช แƒคแƒ˜แƒฅแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ, แƒแƒ› แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜. แƒแƒ› แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒจแƒ˜, แƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒชแƒแƒ“แƒ”, แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒซแƒ”แƒ‘แƒœแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒขแƒฃแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒก แƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒ“แƒแƒฃแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ. แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ, แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒก แƒ’แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒงแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ  แƒจแƒ”แƒฃแƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ—แƒฃแƒ›แƒชแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒช แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒแƒชแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒฎแƒแƒ แƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก. แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒฉแƒแƒœแƒก, แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ—แƒฃแƒ›แƒชแƒ, แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฌแƒฃแƒฎแƒแƒ แƒแƒ“, แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒแƒ แƒฏแƒแƒ›แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ”แƒก แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒกแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒกแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒกแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ—แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒญแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒขแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ”แƒก แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒซแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒ. Kirill Golovchenko The Ukrainian Breakthrough (2008-2010) The Ukrainian Breakthrough is a new political program of the Ukrainian government with the slogan โ€œFor the people, not for the politiciansโ€. It goes on to state, โ€œThis is a program of the strategic development of the Ukraineโ€ฆ for the progress of the whole land. Not just for certain ministers or the executive the department, but for everyone, for every citizenโ€ฆโ€ It is a basic affluent law of our landโ€ฆ a signpost for the 21st century. The Ukraine is at the moment going through a phase of transformation. Within the past 17 years, since its independence, extreme class differences have arisen in the population and yet the Ukrainian people have not yet escaped from the old socialist mental patterns. And much that they do and think carries the traces of this past. In this work, I have looked for situations and moods which show me the new in opposition to the old. It is said that one cannot buy taste. With it, people try to realize their dreams. All appears to be for sale. And then, unfortunately, it looks like a copy of the copy of the copy. But it is just a search for a new identity.

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แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒฃแƒก แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒฐแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ“ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก? แƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜, แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ, แƒžแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒšแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฉแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒฏแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ—แƒฃแƒ›แƒชแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ— แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒก แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช, แƒกแƒขแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒแƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒก แƒ˜แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ: แƒแƒ—แƒฎแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœ, แƒแƒฏแƒแƒฎแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒš, แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ แƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒฃแƒš แƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ“แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ›แƒ”แƒ™แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒ‘แƒฃแƒ แƒ’แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒžแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒก; แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ— แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒช แƒแƒ›แƒŸแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ“ แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒฎแƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒขแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒ, แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒ—แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜. แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒแƒฏแƒแƒฎแƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒšแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒœแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ’แƒ›แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒ  แƒฃแƒฅแƒชแƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ. แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒช แƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ แƒช แƒฐแƒ˜แƒžแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒ  แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœ. แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ›แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒชแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ“, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒขแƒ”แƒ›แƒžแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ“แƒœแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒซแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก 2010 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒš-แƒงแƒฃแƒ แƒก. แƒจแƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ“, แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ— แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜, แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒฏแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜; แƒแƒฏแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ, แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ. Marcus Reichmann A Place to Be Juli, Ivo, little Karla and baby Marla are a normal family. But they live in a place where statistics would never usually place them: four years ago, the family moved to the country and settled down on an old, dilapidated farm in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, the eastern German state which is currently suffering the most from the departure of young, educated people. However, the family has not made a dogma of their alternative way of living. They are neither organic farmers nor hippies, yet their new surroundings have changed their lives in that things have been decelerated. I accompanied them on their quest for personal happiness since 2010. The result is a long term portrait of a normal young family โ€“ or a family that is anything but normal.


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แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒฃแƒก แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒฐแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฐแƒแƒ แƒ โ€“ แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒกแƒ™แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒฉแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ-แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ—แƒจแƒ˜, แƒซแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ“ แƒฃแƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒœแƒ แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ โ€“ แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฐแƒแƒ แƒ, แƒฃแƒ™แƒ•แƒ” แƒแƒ—แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒแƒ™แƒแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒšแƒŸแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒญแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒจ แƒ›แƒงแƒแƒค แƒžแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒคแƒ แƒแƒœแƒขแƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ. 1884 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก, แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฐแƒแƒ แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒžแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒแƒขแƒแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒจ แƒ›แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒชแƒ, แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ 1934 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก โ€“ แƒ”แƒกแƒžแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ“แƒ“แƒ. แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ› แƒแƒ—แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜, แƒœแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ› แƒ”แƒกแƒžแƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฐแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒซแƒ˜แƒ แƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒฐแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ, 1970-แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒฌแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒ”แƒกแƒžแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ›แƒ แƒ˜แƒซแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒขแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒแƒœแƒ, แƒ›แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฐแƒแƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒแƒ™แƒแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒก โ€œแƒ›แƒ˜แƒงแƒ˜แƒ“แƒโ€. แƒžแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒคแƒ แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ›แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒจแƒ”แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒฎแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒแƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒ แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜. 1976 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก 27 แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒก, แƒžแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ› แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒกแƒแƒฐแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ—แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒ แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒฃแƒš แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒžแƒฃแƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ 4 แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒœแƒ. 1991 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒžแƒ แƒ˜แƒšแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ› โ€œแƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒฃแƒ แƒกแƒโ€ (แƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ— แƒกแƒแƒฐแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ”แƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒฃแƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก) แƒฉแƒแƒ›แƒแƒแƒงแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒœแƒ˜ 1990 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒ—แƒฎแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒฎแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ แƒ”แƒ–แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ’แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒฎแƒแƒ แƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ. 1991 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ”แƒ›แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒก แƒจแƒฃแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒชแƒ”แƒชแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒฌแƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒจแƒ”แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒฎแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒแƒจแƒ˜. แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ’แƒ›แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒแƒš แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ“แƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒœแƒ“แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒช 1992 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ”แƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒฃแƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฐแƒงแƒ•แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ–แƒ”แƒช แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ— แƒกแƒแƒฐแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒแƒ™แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ— แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜. แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒแƒ™แƒ แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒฃแƒแƒ แƒก แƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ แƒ”แƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒฃแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒฉแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒ–แƒแƒœแƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒแƒ แƒฃแƒš แƒฃแƒคแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒ แƒ”แƒŸแƒ˜แƒ›แƒจแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. แƒžแƒแƒ แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“, แƒ“แƒแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— 200 000 แƒšแƒขแƒแƒšแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒแƒ›แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒชแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ”แƒ— แƒแƒšแƒŸแƒ˜แƒ แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒแƒคแƒแƒ แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜, แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ— แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒแƒœแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒฃแƒ™แƒ•แƒ” 40 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ. Marcus Reichmann Western Sahara โ€“ The Last Colony A mainly desert territory in north-west Africa, Western Sahara is the subject of a decades-long dispute between Morocco and the Algerian-backed Polisario Front. Western Sahara fell under Spanish rule in 1884, becoming a Spanish province in 1934. A gradual increase in national consciousness and anticolonial sentiment during the subsequent decades led to a guerrilla insurgency by the Spanish Saharaโ€™s indigenous inhabitants, the nomadic Saharawi, in the early 1970s. After Spain had to move out of the country, it โ€œsoldโ€ the Western Sahara to Morocco and Mauretania. The Polisario Front continued their struggle for independence and soon Mauretania signed a peace agreement. Polisario declared the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR) on February 2, 1976 and announced its first government on March 4. In April 1991, the UN established MINURSO, the United Nations Mission for a Referendum in Western Sahara. Its brief was to implement a peace plan outlined in a 1990 Security Council resolution. In September 1991, the UN-brokered ceasefire was declared. The peace plan provided a transition period leading to a referendum in January 1992. Western Saharans would choose between independence and integration with Morocco. To this day, Morocco refuses to hold the referendum, while people in the occupied zone live under a regime striped of basic human rights. Meanwhile, about 200 000 refugees that had fled the war zone to the camps in south Algeria, have been waiting to go back to their country for over 40 years. 282


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แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒฃแƒจแƒ™แƒ แƒคแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ–แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒฎแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ โ€œแƒ›แƒ–แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒฎแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜, แƒ™แƒแƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒแƒ›แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ  แƒ•แƒแƒ . แƒ›แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒฃแƒฅแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ›แƒ, แƒฉแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒชแƒ•แƒ˜. แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒ›แƒกแƒฃแƒœแƒ—แƒฅแƒแƒ•, แƒ›แƒแƒซแƒ แƒแƒ• แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒซแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ•แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ›แƒ–แƒ”แƒก แƒซแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ•แƒก, แƒ›แƒ” แƒ‘แƒแƒ›แƒžแƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒชแƒ•แƒแƒ›. แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ˜, แƒแƒ˜แƒฆแƒ” แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒแƒ›แƒžแƒแƒก แƒกแƒฎแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜. แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ˜, แƒแƒ˜แƒฆแƒ” แƒแƒฅแƒ แƒแƒก แƒชแƒฎแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜. แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ˜, แƒแƒ˜แƒฆแƒ” แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒชแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒฎแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜. แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ˜, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ— แƒชแƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ–แƒ”โ€ โ€“ แƒ‘แƒแƒ›แƒžแƒแƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒฆแƒ”แƒ แƒ, แƒ“แƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“ แƒฐแƒแƒšแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒ’แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒ’แƒœแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ โ€œแƒฌแƒ”แƒกแƒ แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฅแƒกแƒจแƒ˜โ€. โ€œแƒ›แƒ–แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒฎแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜โ€ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒœแƒ”แƒžแƒแƒšแƒจแƒ˜, แƒจแƒแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ  แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ”แƒซแƒฆแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒฃ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜, แƒฉแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ 13 แƒ™แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒแƒช แƒ’แƒแƒกแƒแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒšแƒแƒœแƒขแƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒ”แƒœ แƒžแƒแƒžแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒšแƒแƒจแƒฅแƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒจแƒ แƒฃแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒแƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ”แƒก แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒฏแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฉแƒœแƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒแƒ  แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก. แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒšแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒฃ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒ•แƒแƒฌแƒ” แƒ‘แƒแƒ›แƒžแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒฏแƒฐแƒแƒœแƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—แƒแƒœ (แƒจแƒแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—แƒแƒœ) แƒ›แƒญแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ. แƒ‘แƒแƒ›แƒžแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒฉแƒœแƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒœ. แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ แƒกแƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒœแƒแƒšแƒ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ“แƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ”, แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒš แƒžแƒฃแƒฏแƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ”แƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒ แƒชแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฌแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. Martushka Fromeast In the Midst of the Sun Rays โ€œIn the midst of the sun rays, a costumed bompo I am not. In the midst of the moon rays, I have dressed. When all breathing, moving beings sleep, when the sun sleeps, I dress as a bompo. Come take my bompoโ€™s body. Come take a golden horse. Come take a silver horse. By the sky trail letโ€™s flyโ€ โ€“ Bompoโ€™s chant in David H. Holmberg โ€œOrder in Paradoxโ€. In the Midst of the Sun Rays is a project on shamanistic rituals in Nepal. Syabru Besi is a village situated just 13 kilometers from the Chinese border, on a start of the popular trekking routes to Gosaikunda and Lantang. I soon realized that this area is packed with culture, which may not be immediately visible to passers-by. I was fortunate to be able to experience a close relationship with the Bompos or Jhankris (shamans) who congregate in Syabru Besi, which is considered a spiritual focal point for the Bompo. I was privileged to witness special healing procedures, pujas to remove obstacles and exorcisms.

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แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒšแƒก แƒขแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ โ€“ แƒขแƒแƒฅแƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒ แƒฅแƒ”แƒ—แƒจแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒžแƒ แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒ แƒแƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ”แƒ–แƒ˜, แƒขแƒแƒฅแƒกแƒ˜แƒ›-แƒ’แƒ”แƒ–แƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒ แƒ™แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ แƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒ”แƒ’แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฏแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒแƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒฆแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ— แƒกแƒแƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒฎแƒ“แƒ. แƒจแƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ“, แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒญแƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒ แƒกแƒแƒžแƒ แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒ แƒแƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒชแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒ แƒ›แƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒฃแƒ แƒฅแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒชแƒ•แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒกแƒแƒช แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ แƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ แƒก แƒแƒžแƒ แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒ แƒžแƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒก, แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒแƒขแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก, แƒจแƒ”แƒ™แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒฃแƒคแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ—แƒฃแƒ แƒฅแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ”แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ›แƒจแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒญแƒ แƒ. แƒชแƒฃแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒžแƒงแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒžแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒฅแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ, แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก 200-แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒ แƒฅแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒคแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ—แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒชแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒœแƒแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ. แƒขแƒแƒฅแƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒ แƒฅแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒฏแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒกแƒฃแƒš แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฉแƒœแƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. Massimo Barberio After Laughter Comes Tears โ€“ Taksim Unrest Protests in Turkey were sparked by outrage at a brutal eviction of a sit-in at the Gezi Park protesting against the demolition plan. Subsequently, supporting protests and strikes took place across Turkey protesting a wide range of concerns, such as freedom of the press, freedom of expression, freedom of assembly, and the governmentโ€™s encroachment on Turkeyโ€™s secularism; almost 200 people have applied to Turkish Human Rights Foundationโ€™s treatment and rehabilitation centers because of bad treatment and police torture. The Taksim unrest has been the first step of a bigger political crisis in Turkey that is becoming bigger day by day.

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แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒฃแƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ โ€“ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒคแƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒก แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒ› แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ—แƒ แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ˜แƒขแƒ แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒแƒกแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒแƒ›แƒŸแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒก แƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ. แƒ›แƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒ’แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ•แƒ˜แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒ แƒฃแƒคแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒคแƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ”, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ, แƒแƒœ แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒชแƒ”แƒ แƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ, แƒแƒœ แƒกแƒแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒงแƒแƒคแƒแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ; แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒ›แƒฃแƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒฃแƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒ— แƒฅแƒฃแƒฉแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒœแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒ™แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’ แƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒแƒ› แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ• แƒ˜แƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒแƒฃแƒคแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒ›แƒขแƒ™แƒ˜แƒชแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒ แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ˜แƒ’แƒœแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ— แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒชแƒฎแƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ โ€œแƒœแƒแƒกแƒขแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒ˜แƒโ€ แƒกแƒฃแƒคแƒ”แƒ•แƒก. แƒคแƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ–แƒ” แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒฃ, แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ“, แƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒกแƒแƒแƒชแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒš แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒฏแƒ–แƒ” แƒ•แƒแƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒ—แƒฎแƒ” แƒ›แƒ”แƒ›แƒฃแƒฅแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ. แƒ—แƒฃแƒ›แƒชแƒ, โ€œแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ›แƒ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ›แƒ แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ” แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒ แƒฉแƒ˜แƒแƒกโ€ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒช แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒฅแƒ”แƒชแƒ˜. แƒซแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒฃแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒแƒฆแƒ แƒ”แƒฃแƒš แƒคแƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒœ, แƒ›แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ แƒ”แƒžแƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒžแƒ˜แƒ  แƒจแƒ”แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒ‘แƒ”แƒฌแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ› แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒชแƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜, แƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฃแƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ–แƒ”: แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒš แƒ“แƒแƒฃแƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒš แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒแƒคแƒšแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜.

Massimo Barberio The Neverending Story โ€“ South Antifa The daily life of young men whom, with a disarming candour, were trying to change the current state of affairs. Iโ€™ve followed them during manifestations for human rights and better immigrantsโ€™ conditions, in the course of squatting to solve the housing emergency, when they organized concerts, or when they had to go to the hospital, in the streets were they endlessly have to reaffirm the fight against fascism, forbidden by the Italian law, but practiced as powerโ€™s tool and within political parties, unashamedly โ€œnostalgicโ€. After years witnessing the fascism phenomenon and the unbelievable growth of resources and general media consent around it, I learnt that at every step Iโ€™ll be in danger, but โ€œthe concerned photographer takes sideโ€ and so do I. Having to face racism, militarism, repression all mixed up with violence and threats, makes yourself a man on the wire and put you on the verge of the perpetual battle between good and evil: deeply in the neverending story of the human nature.

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แƒกแƒฃแƒกแƒแƒœแƒ แƒฎแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒกแƒ™แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒคแƒ” แƒ›แƒ—แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒ“ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ–แƒ” แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒ แƒฅแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ  แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ. แƒ”แƒก แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒคแƒ แƒ-แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒคแƒ˜แƒก, แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒžแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒก แƒแƒ แƒแƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒ˜. แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒแƒก แƒงแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒคแƒ˜แƒก, แƒฃแƒฉแƒ˜แƒฉแƒแƒก, แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ–แƒ”, แƒจแƒ”แƒชแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก, แƒ”แƒกแƒžแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒแƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒแƒงแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒš แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒš แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ“แƒ. แƒ”แƒก 1882 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒ“แƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒแƒคแƒ แƒ-แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ›แƒ›แƒ แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒ แƒฅแƒแƒ“ แƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒฎแƒ, แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒคแƒ แƒขแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒฅ แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒœแƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒขแƒฃแƒชแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ  แƒคแƒ˜แƒ’แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒก แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒขแƒฃแƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ แƒแƒฆแƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒแƒ› แƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒš, แƒฐแƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒก แƒขแƒ˜แƒžแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒ—แƒ›แƒคแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒ™แƒแƒก แƒžแƒšแƒแƒœแƒขแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ, แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒก 16 000 แƒแƒคแƒ แƒ-แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒแƒก แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒจแƒแƒ•แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒคแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒ˜แƒ’แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒก แƒกแƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒœ แƒžแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒก, แƒแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ แƒฉแƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒแƒช แƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. แƒ›แƒ”แƒคแƒ” แƒ“แƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒคแƒแƒš แƒแƒœแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒ–แƒ”แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜. แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜, แƒžแƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒช แƒ แƒแƒšแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒคแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒแƒชแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒก, แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒžแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ“แƒ 72 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒแƒ แƒแƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒก แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒคแƒแƒ‘แƒ. แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒช, แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒคแƒ”แƒ“ แƒแƒ  แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜, แƒฃแƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒšแƒแƒ“, แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ›แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒšแƒ แƒžแƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒฉแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒฉแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ”แƒ— แƒ˜แƒฃแƒœแƒ’แƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒขแƒ แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒš แƒจแƒฃแƒแƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒ•แƒแƒฌแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒก. Susana Giron The Last King of America The only existing monarchy in the entire American continent survives on the Bolivian Andes. This is the amazing story of Don Julio Pinedo, AfroBolivian king. He is a direct descendant of the former Congolese King, Uchicho, who come to America by error among the many slaves brought from Africa by the Spaniards in the colonial era. It was in 1882. Crowned as a monarch by the Afro-Bolivian community, the royal tradition survives until today. His institutional figure is recognized by the Bolivian Constitution and the United Nations. These old hacienda houses and slavery coca fields, today give home to 16,000 Afro-Bolivians coexisting with the Aymara. They are descendants of the first black slaves, they respect the figure of their King while they struggle to maintain their cultural identity. The king is married to the Queen Angelica, while their son, Prince Rolando, dreams of becoming the next king in the future. Today, Don Julio Pinedo is 72 years old; he never wanted to be a king. In fact, he doesnโ€™t feel himself as a king. He is just a humble farmer in the heart of the tropical North Yungas province, in the north of La Paz.



แƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒจ แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒกแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ แƒžแƒแƒšแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒšแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅ แƒšแƒแƒซแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ–แƒ” แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒฆแƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ (โ€œแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ  แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒฃโ€), แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ (โ€œOFF แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ—โ€) แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ (โ€œแƒจแƒแƒฃแƒ แƒฃแƒ›แƒ˜โ€). แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ, แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒฅแƒจแƒแƒžแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ (โ€œแƒ“แƒแƒ”, แƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœโ€). 2013 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒก 15 000-แƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒกแƒฌแƒ แƒ.

Tomasz Lazar FashionPhilosophy Fashion Week Poland takes place in ลรณdลบ, Poland and is the biggest fashion week in the country. The event features recognized designersโ€™ shows (โ€œDesigner Avenueโ€), off fashion shows (โ€œOFF Out of Scheduleโ€) and designersโ€™ stands (โ€œShowroomโ€) as well as workshops and seminars (โ€œLet Them Knowโ€). The 2013 edition of the Fashion Week, was attended by more than 15.000 people.



แƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒจ แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒซแƒ แƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ โ€œแƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒฃแƒแƒš แƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜โ€ 2011 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก 17 แƒกแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ”แƒ›แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒก, แƒกแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒžแƒแƒ แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒžแƒ แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒ แƒแƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒฌแƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒœ 15 แƒœแƒแƒ”แƒ›แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒกแƒขแƒแƒœแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒœแƒ˜แƒฃ แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ”แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ›แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ–แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒแƒ แƒ™แƒก แƒฉแƒแƒ›แƒแƒแƒจแƒแƒ แƒ, 200 แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒ. แƒžแƒ แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒ›แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒจแƒขแƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒชแƒ•แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒงแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒช แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒžแƒงแƒ แƒ. Tomasz Lazar Occupy Wall Street movement started on September 17, 2011 with protests against social inequalities and influence of corporations on the government. It lasted until November 15, when the NYPD removed the protesters from Zuccotti Park, arresting 200 of them. The protest spread to other U.S. cities and gained attention in international media.



แƒฏแƒ”แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒ

geocell mobile photo แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒฐแƒแƒกแƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒœแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ—แƒก แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก แƒ แƒแƒฆแƒแƒช แƒ“แƒ”แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ—แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒฌแƒ˜แƒ’แƒœแƒก แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒงแƒ“แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒแƒ แƒกแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒก แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒ™แƒ”แƒ“แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒงแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ›แƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. แƒ”แƒก แƒ™แƒ”แƒ“แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒ”, แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ แƒ แƒฎแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒก แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒจแƒ˜. แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒก แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒจแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ”แƒ˜แƒ แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒก แƒ—แƒฃ แƒฎแƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒก, แƒแƒ› แƒšแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒ˜, แƒ“แƒ”แƒขแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜, แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒชแƒ”แƒžแƒขแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒžแƒแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฅแƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒ˜แƒšแƒ•แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒก แƒ›แƒ—แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒ“ แƒแƒฆแƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒก. Arya Abolhassani The Wall Every Thing has some details to show the whole thing. Every book has its cover to show what is inside of it, Even every man has its own face showing how he feels. Walls are like faces, covers and the details, which show the inside of a city. These walls show what is going on in my city. While walking around and wandering in my city you see this beautiful, detailed, conceptual and paradoxical scene, which describes the city itself completely.

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แƒ‘แƒแƒ’แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ—แƒ โ€“ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒ”แƒฎแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒแƒœแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒฅแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ, 2011 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒ”, แƒกแƒแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒงแƒแƒคแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ. แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ“, แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ” แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒแƒ˜แƒคแƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒจแƒ—แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒญแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒฅแƒกแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ”: แƒžแƒแƒšแƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒžแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก. แƒ—แƒฃแƒ›แƒชแƒ, แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ”, แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒกแƒแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒงแƒแƒคแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒ› แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒกแƒแƒช แƒ›แƒซแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒ›แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ˜, แƒฌแƒ›. แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ—แƒแƒก แƒกแƒแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒงแƒแƒคแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒงแƒแƒคแƒœแƒแƒ› แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ’แƒœแƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒ-แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒฆแƒ แƒ›แƒ แƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒซแƒ˜แƒœแƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ›แƒ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ–แƒฃแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒฆแƒฅแƒ›แƒแƒ› แƒ“แƒ แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒกแƒฌแƒ แƒแƒคแƒ›แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ› แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒกแƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒฌแƒงแƒ•แƒ˜แƒขแƒ”, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒแƒ› แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒคแƒ˜แƒฅแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒคแƒ˜แƒฅแƒกแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ แƒ แƒฃแƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒคแƒแƒฅแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒ”แƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒ. Bogi Bell Agatha โ€“ A Personal Leg My initial intention and basic idea was to keep a photographic diary about my hospital stay in autumn 2011. Therefore, I took my iPhone and photographed all impressions I got: rooms, other patients and my daily meals. But, because I had stayed more than six months in another hospital a year before and still was strongly affected by the disease, the stay in St. Agatha Hospital with prediction of healing and photographic examination gained to a much more deeper meaning. The immediate visual perception and the very fast workflow brought the past agile in my mind and I decided that these photos should show my thoughts and emotions instead of being a pure documentation.

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แƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜ แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒ”แƒ แƒžแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒก แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒขแƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒฉแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ”แƒ— แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก, แƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ–แƒฃแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ แƒ”แƒžแƒ แƒ”แƒ–แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒแƒ•แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ•แƒแƒ  แƒ›แƒ”, แƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜, แƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒคแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒ•แƒแƒฌแƒ” แƒจแƒขแƒแƒขแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒจแƒ” แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒŸแƒฃแƒ แƒœแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ”แƒ— แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ. แƒแƒ› แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒชแƒ˜แƒคแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช โ€œแƒจแƒ”แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜โ€, แƒ˜แƒกแƒ” โ€œแƒœแƒแƒžแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ˜โ€ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒชแƒ”แƒคแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒก. แƒแƒ› แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒคแƒฃแƒซแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒก, แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ  แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒก แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ แƒฉแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ”แƒ— แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ˜แƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒฉแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ”แƒ— แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ  แƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒก โ€œFlat Earth Newsโ€-แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒแƒช แƒชแƒ˜แƒคแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ แƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ, แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒแƒฎแƒแƒœแƒก แƒŸแƒฃแƒ แƒœแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒ“แƒ. แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒฌแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ โ€œแƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒ”แƒ แƒžแƒ”แƒžแƒ˜โ€ แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒขแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒฅแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ–แƒ”, แƒ แƒ˜ แƒฉแƒฎแƒฃแƒœ-แƒฎแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ•แƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒฅแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒแƒ แƒ แƒŸแƒฃแƒ แƒœแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒก, แƒแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒกแƒขแƒแƒขแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ”แƒฃแƒคแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ. แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒก, แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ  แƒแƒฆแƒ•แƒ˜แƒฅแƒ•แƒแƒ›แƒ— โ€œแƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœโ€ (แƒแƒ› แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ) แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒšแƒแƒก แƒฉแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ”แƒ— แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ. แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ”แƒ— แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒœแƒ”แƒข-แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒšแƒ˜แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒจแƒ”แƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒแƒœ แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒ  แƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒžแƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒ•แƒฃแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘ แƒฉแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ”แƒ— แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒแƒขแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒš แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒœแƒ”แƒขแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒžแƒแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘. แƒกแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒคแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’ แƒแƒ› แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒžแƒแƒšแƒแƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“ แƒ•แƒแƒฅแƒชแƒ”แƒ•, แƒ แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒช แƒแƒ•แƒ—แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒกแƒ—แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ•แƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒจแƒแƒ‘. แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ”แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ–แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒ โ€“ แƒแƒœแƒฃ แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ  แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ โ€œแƒฌแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒแƒ—โ€ แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒฎแƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒ แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒžแƒฃแƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒšแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜.

Chris Barrett Icons Of Rhetoric Icons Of Rhetoric is a series of images and text that explore North Korean society, media and politics of visual representation. Myself, Chris Barrett a UK based freelance photojournalist who has visit North Korea in the past. The images for this project are created from a digital process exploring the concept of both โ€˜createdโ€™ and โ€˜foundโ€™ images. The idea for the work stems from an interest in the way North Korea is presented in the Western media, coupled with North Koreaโ€™s own intriguing use of social media in conjunction with current climate of โ€˜Flat Earth Newsโ€™ โ€“ in which a shift in journalism has taken place in recent years because of the digital revolution. The name โ€˜Icons of Rhetoricโ€™ refers to Korean Central Televisionโ€™s iconic newsreader Ri Chun-hee. Ri is a veteran newsreader who originally did not study journalism, but performance arts. The project is an exploration in to how โ€˜weโ€™ (intended as Western societies and media) receive and perceive images from North Korea. My working process includes the studying of North Korean news footage online, movies, literature and photographs where I then re-take or re-interpret the video I find online which has been uploaded by North Korean authorities. Using a smartphone I then turn these images into Polaroids, playing on the aesthetic of authenticity. I feel the work offers a vital contextualization of an important issue, that of how to โ€˜readโ€™ the DPRK and the effects of western media coverage. Under Kim Jong Unโ€™s rule, North Korea has made a conscious decision to be more proactive in the media world. It has increased the number of programs and broadcastings, it has ventured into the IT market, producing tablets and OS; furthermore, its officials have given interviews to mainstream media both in the UK and US and in 2013 we have seen the very first live tweeted image of a North Korean leader by Sky News. Icons of Rhetoric portrays and analyzes the above developments adding to the work of specialists such as BR Myers, David Shim, Heonik Kwon and Sonia Ryang, to gain a better understanding of the DPRK in this increased time of visual content and media activity in the much cited but much misunderstood โ€˜most close off country in the worldโ€™. 298


แƒ“แƒ˜แƒขแƒ”แƒ  แƒ–แƒแƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜ แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ”แƒžแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒก แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒซแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ›แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒฎแƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ–แƒ” แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜, แƒแƒ แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒชแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ แƒ”แƒž-แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒœแƒจแƒ˜. แƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒ—-แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒฃแƒกแƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒกแƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ. แƒแƒ›, แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ  แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒกแƒแƒ แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒชแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒฌแƒ•แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ—แƒฃแƒ›แƒชแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ แƒ™แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒœแƒแƒ แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒช แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒกแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ‘ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒกแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒœ. แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒš แƒจแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ—-แƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒก, แƒกแƒแƒฏแƒแƒ แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒœแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒžแƒแƒžแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ แƒฃแƒš แƒ แƒ”แƒž-แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒ•แƒแƒฌแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ”แƒ—แƒ›แƒแƒ‘แƒ. แƒแƒ› แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒกแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒฃแƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒžแƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒ—แƒ แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒžแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒก แƒ”แƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒกแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ˜แƒกแƒ” แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒกแƒฌแƒ แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒซแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒชแƒ˜แƒžแƒ˜แƒ. แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒจแƒ™แƒแƒจแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒฎแƒฃแƒ แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ” แƒแƒขแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ, แƒžแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ•แƒ” แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ”แƒก แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒซแƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒขแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ. Dieter Seitz Athens Rap The series is part of my long-term project on the crisis in Greece. It shows a performance of selforganized, non-commercial rap culture in Athens. An extremely high unemployment of young people is one of the results of the crisis. Having no money, these people do not have access to most commercial cultural offers. But there is much creative power to invent various forms of self-entertainment. Every weekend especially the popular rap scene of Athens occupies public places. Everyone can participate in the performance. Most songs deal with politics. Radical anti-racism is common sense of actors and audience. The photos show the vivid and burning atmosphere, the political commitment, and also how this youth culture is embedded in Greek tradition.

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แƒ™แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒฐแƒ”แƒกแƒ” แƒžแƒ”แƒ™แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒ โ€œแƒžแƒ”แƒ™แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒโ€ แƒฎแƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒฉแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› 2012 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก, แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒœแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”, แƒจแƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฎแƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒฌแƒงแƒ•แƒ˜แƒขแƒ”, แƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒ, แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒžแƒ”แƒ™แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜, แƒœแƒแƒชแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒงแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒงแƒ. แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒซแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒชแƒ แƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒก (แƒแƒ› แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒงแƒ•แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ•แƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒ—) แƒกแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒชแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ”. Katharina Hesse Beijing Sky โ€œBeijing Skyโ€ is a long-term project dealing with the faรงade of Chinaโ€™s capital. While the first images in 2012 were only taken for fun, the result was unexpected which led me to the idea to do an experimental long-term project to see what Beijing could look like if it is ever grey, polluted sky was replaced through a filter (a flower vase in this case) .

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แƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒ แƒ™แƒฃแƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒแƒ—แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ 2013 Maka Kukulava Untitled 2013

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แƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒ แƒ™แƒฃแƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ 2013 Maka Kukulava Tables 2013

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แƒœแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒŸแƒ“แƒ แƒžแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ‘แƒฃแƒ“แƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ โ€œแƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ“ แƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒฉแƒ˜แƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ™แƒ•แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ, แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒจแƒšแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ™แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ’แƒแƒคแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒฃแƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—.โ€ โ€“ แƒแƒœแƒขแƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒœแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ˜ โ€œแƒ™แƒšแƒ“แƒ”โ€ แƒกแƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ? แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒšแƒ แƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ-แƒ–แƒแƒ›แƒ—แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒ”แƒœแƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒแƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ”แƒช แƒ‘แƒฃแƒ“แƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜. แƒฏแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒขแƒแƒšแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ, แƒจแƒ”แƒฃแƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฏแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒชแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒชแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒกแƒคแƒแƒšแƒขแƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒขแƒแƒšแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒขแƒ แƒแƒขแƒฃแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ แƒแƒšแƒ แƒกแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒชแƒ”แƒ•แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ›แƒ–แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒก แƒ—แƒ”แƒ—แƒ  แƒฆแƒ แƒฃแƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒจแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜, แƒฅแƒแƒ แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒซแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ˜แƒก แƒขแƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒฃแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒจแƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜, แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒกแƒžแƒแƒœแƒขแƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜, แƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒžแƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ. Nadezhda Pavlova Nests โ€œIt is there where real people die like birds With arms wide spread, With pupils wide openโ€ โ€“ โ€œThe Rockโ€ by Antoni Nenov Where does the life of birds begin? It is enough to raise your head and look at the bare autumn-winter tree-tops with the nests cuddled in them. The randomly started game of the gaze of looking for the small unsightly balls of sticks and mud or the asymmetrical shapes of the sticks gathered as one is turning into an uncontrollable escape of the eye from the gray city asphalt and the muddy sidewalks into the swaying tree branches in the wind which intertwine white clouds and birdsโ€™ homes. The nearly calligraphic images produced are spontaneous, expressive, and surprising findings.

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แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒก แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ”แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒก แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฎแƒ•แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. Mari Nakanimamasakhlisi This series is about the symbols I come across in my city,

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แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ—แƒ”แƒš แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒก แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒœ. แƒ›แƒ” แƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒชแƒแƒ“แƒ” แƒ›แƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒขแƒ”แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒ–แƒ” Mari Nakanimamasakhlisi Fortunetellers are able to see your whole life on a palm. I tried to contain the whole universe on my palm.

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แƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒšแƒ˜แƒžแƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒงแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ•แƒ แƒ—แƒœแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒฏแƒ˜แƒจแƒ˜ แƒšแƒ˜แƒžแƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒฌแƒ•แƒ แƒ—แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ™แƒšแƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฃแƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒœแƒ–แƒ”, แƒ›แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒ•, แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ“แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒš แƒ“แƒ, แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ•แƒ”, แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒซแƒ แƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒฌ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒงแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒงแƒ•แƒแƒœ แƒกแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒฏแƒ˜แƒจแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒแƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. แƒ”แƒก แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ, แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ“, แƒžแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฌแƒงแƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒขแƒแƒžแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒซแƒ แƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒก. แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒœแƒฏแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒฃแƒชแƒœแƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒ™แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ•แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒ“แƒ, แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“, แƒแƒ› แƒขแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒ™แƒฃแƒกแƒ•แƒšแƒ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒ แƒฉแƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒ”แƒฎแƒแƒ“แƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ— แƒจแƒ”แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒžแƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒกแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ™แƒแƒšแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒขแƒฃแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“ แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒ—แƒ”แƒ–แƒแƒก แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒก แƒ“แƒ, แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“, แƒแƒœแƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒฃแƒ  แƒ“แƒ แƒชแƒ˜แƒคแƒ แƒฃแƒš แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ” แƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒแƒขแƒแƒ•แƒก. Thomas Schell The Training of the Lipizzaner Stallions The Morning Exercise offers an insight into the years of training of the Lipizzaners and their riders. Accompanied by classical Viennese music the riders and their horses do simple relaxing exercises and exercises aimed at refining and perfecting a certain movement. The series is an homage to old motion studies at the initial time of photography. The distorted and odd processing of the images should indicate the antiquity of the school to get an idea of the dwindling of tradition and the struggle to preserve tradition in this day and age. Implemented in mobile photography, this represents just a great antithesis of the total production and the institution as such represented in THE SPANISH RIDING SCHOOL, but also reflects the inheritance battle between analog and digital photography.

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แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ

แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒคแƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ›แƒ˜ (แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ  แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒก โ€œแƒ“แƒแƒฃแƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒโ€ แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒ•แƒก) แƒ”แƒก แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒ› แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ—แƒ แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ˜แƒขแƒ แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒแƒกแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒแƒ›แƒŸแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒก แƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ. แƒ›แƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒ’แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ•แƒ˜แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒ แƒฃแƒคแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒคแƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ”, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ, แƒแƒœ แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒชแƒ”แƒ แƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ, แƒแƒœ แƒกแƒแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒงแƒแƒคแƒแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ; แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒ›แƒฃแƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒฃแƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒ— แƒฅแƒฃแƒฉแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒœแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒ™แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’ แƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒแƒ› แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ• แƒ˜แƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒแƒฃแƒคแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒ›แƒขแƒ™แƒ˜แƒชแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒ แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ˜แƒ’แƒœแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ— แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒชแƒฎแƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ โ€œแƒœแƒแƒกแƒขแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒ˜แƒโ€ แƒกแƒฃแƒคแƒ”แƒ•แƒก. แƒคแƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ–แƒ” แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒฃ, แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ“, แƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒกแƒแƒแƒชแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒš แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒฏแƒ–แƒ” แƒ•แƒแƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒ—แƒฎแƒ” แƒ›แƒ”แƒ›แƒฃแƒฅแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ. แƒ—แƒฃแƒ›แƒชแƒ, โ€œแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ›แƒ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ›แƒ แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ” แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒ แƒฉแƒ˜แƒแƒกโ€ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒช แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒฅแƒ”แƒชแƒ˜. แƒซแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒฃแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒแƒฆแƒ แƒ”แƒฃแƒš แƒคแƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒœ, แƒ›แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ แƒ”แƒžแƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒžแƒ˜แƒ  แƒจแƒ”แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒ‘แƒ”แƒฌแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ› แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒชแƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜, แƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฃแƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ–แƒ”: แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒš แƒ“แƒแƒฃแƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒš แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒแƒคแƒšแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜.

Massimo Barberio

South Antifa (daily life covering The Neverending Story main project) The daily life of young men whom, with a disarming candour, were trying to change the current state of affairs. Iโ€™ve followed them during manifestations for human rights and better immigrantsโ€™ conditions, in the course of squatting to solve the housing emergency, when they organized concerts, or when they had to go to the hospital, in the streets were they endlessly have to reaffirm the fight against fascism, forbidden by the Italian law, but practiced as powerโ€™s tool and within political parties, unashamedly โ€œnostalgicโ€. After years witnessing the fascism phenomenon and the unbelievable growth of resources and general media consent around it, I learnt that at every step Iโ€™ll be in danger, but โ€œthe concerned photographer takes sideโ€ and so do I. Having to face racism, militarism, repression all mixed up with violence and threats, makes yourself a man on the wire and put you on the verge of the perpetual battle between good and evil: deeply in the neverending story of the human nature.

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แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒแƒ™แƒ แƒฎแƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“, 11 แƒ˜แƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒก, แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ— แƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒžแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ, แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒฆแƒแƒช แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš, แƒ’แƒ–แƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒแƒก แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅ แƒกแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒฃแƒ‘แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“ แƒ”แƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ‘แƒ. แƒกแƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒšแƒแƒก แƒ—แƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ›แƒ”แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฌแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ“ แƒกแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒก แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒฎแƒแƒ แƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒœแƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒ 8000-แƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฃแƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒฎแƒแƒชแƒ. แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช, แƒ แƒแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒœ แƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒแƒ  แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒŸแƒฆแƒ”แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒก, แƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒก แƒฏแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒ, แƒฃแƒšแƒ›แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ—แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ แƒแƒขแƒ™แƒ แƒ›แƒšแƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒฉแƒ˜แƒก, แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒ› แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฃแƒแƒ แƒ. 2011 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒกแƒจแƒ˜, 15-แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ•แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒ›แƒšแƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒฉแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒ—-แƒ”แƒ แƒ— แƒžแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ˜แƒงแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒแƒœ แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒแƒฏแƒ˜แƒฉแƒก, แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒš แƒžแƒ แƒ”แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒก แƒ“แƒ โ€œแƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒฃแƒœแƒซแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒงแƒแƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒกโ€, แƒฐแƒแƒแƒ’แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒฃแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ“แƒ. 4000แƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒฏแƒ”แƒ  แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ• แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒขแƒ—แƒ แƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒฎแƒกแƒœแƒแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒช แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒคแƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ. Mattia Vacca A Long Goodbye Every year, on July 11, a sea of coffins is lined up for the funeral in the small, used to be forgotten at-the-end-of-the-road town called Srebrenica in eastern Bosnia.The International Criminal Court said the most terrible crimes of genocide on European soil since the Second World War were committed in Srebrenica area when the Bosnian Serb forces massacred more than 8.000 of Muslims after the enclave, ironically under U.N. protection as a safe heaven, was overrun by an army led by its ruthless commander; General Ratko Mladiฤ‡. In May 2011, after more than 15 years on the run, Mladiฤ‡ was captured in a small village in Serbia and he joined Radovan Karadลพiฤ‡, his wartime president and another โ€œButcher of the Balkansโ€, in The Hague. Over 4.000 body bags are still in a cold store, waiting to be opened and checked by the experts of ICMP (International Commission of Missing Persons), whose mission is to complete the bodies and identify them.

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แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒแƒ™แƒ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒฆแƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒชแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒชแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฉแƒ”แƒฎแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒžแƒฃแƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒแƒงแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒฃแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒฉแƒ”แƒฎแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒžแƒฃแƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒ”แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒ แƒก แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒกแƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒชแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒขแƒแƒขแƒก แƒฉแƒ”แƒฎแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒžแƒฃแƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒฌแƒ•แƒ แƒ—แƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒœ. แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒงแƒแƒคแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’ แƒ™แƒ˜, แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒ แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ  แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ, แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒžแƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. แƒ›แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก, แƒžแƒ แƒ”แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ›แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒ•แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒฃแƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒ—แƒฎแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒ–แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒงแƒแƒคแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒชแƒ•แƒ, แƒซแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ“, แƒแƒ› แƒœแƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒ™แƒ”แƒ แƒซแƒแƒ“, แƒแƒ› แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ-แƒœแƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒชแƒฎแƒ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒฆแƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒแƒชแƒ•แƒแƒก แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒชแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“, แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒงแƒแƒคแƒแƒก. แƒแƒ แƒแƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก, แƒกแƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒชแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒแƒกแƒฃแƒฎแƒ˜แƒกแƒ›แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ–แƒ”, แƒแƒœ แƒฉแƒ”แƒฎแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒžแƒฃแƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ— แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒกแƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒจแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก, แƒกแƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒชแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒฃแƒš แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒแƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒžแƒ แƒ”แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒฃแƒš แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ’แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜. Mattia Vacca Elite Prague Castle Guard The Castle Guard is a specific unit of the Armed Forces of the Czech Republic directly subordinate to the Military Office of the President of the Czech Republic. The Castle Guard service personnel are selected and recruited from the Armed Forces of the Czech Republic, and, after the introduction of all-volunteer service, through direct recruitment from the civilian sector based on specific criterions. The provision of external security and defense of facilities used by the President and his guests in the peacetime primarily involves performance of guarding duties in relation to defined structures, specifically safeguarding facilities against access by unauthorized persons and assigning forces and assets to defend them. In states of emergency resulting from non-military crises called in the Castle Guardโ€™s area of territorial responsibility, or during the state of crisis following a military threat to the Czech Republic, the Castle Guard performs specific missions defined under particular plans of the President. 309


แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฉแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒขแƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒช แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ—, แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒซแƒšแƒแƒ แƒแƒ  แƒจแƒ”แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒก, แƒจแƒฃแƒฅ-แƒฉแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒกแƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒ—. แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒจแƒ˜ แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒก แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ” แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก: แƒกแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒ”แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒœแƒฏแƒ”แƒก, แƒกแƒแƒ—แƒœแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก, แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ—แƒšแƒ”แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ.แƒจ. แƒ“แƒ แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒ”, แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ  แƒจแƒ”แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ—, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ  แƒแƒฆแƒ˜แƒฅแƒ•แƒแƒ›แƒ— แƒ›แƒแƒก. แƒจแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒฃแƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒ—แƒแƒ–แƒ”, แƒจแƒ˜แƒœแƒฏแƒฃแƒ™แƒฃแƒก แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ , แƒ’แƒ˜แƒœแƒ–แƒแƒก แƒฅแƒฃแƒฉแƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ˜แƒ› แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒก แƒ•แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒฅแƒกแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒช แƒ˜แƒฅ แƒ•แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ•, แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’ แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒแƒฌแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒคแƒ˜แƒฅแƒ แƒก แƒ•แƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ”แƒ‘, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜. แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒซแƒšแƒแƒ, แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒแƒก แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜. แƒ—แƒฃแƒ›แƒชแƒ แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒชแƒœแƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒฃแƒคแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ โ€“ แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ›แƒ, แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒซแƒšแƒแƒ, แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒ แƒ˜แƒงแƒแƒก, แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ–แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. Michiko Makino Tokyo Kingyo The view you see might not be true in the lights and in the shadows. Everything has two sides in it: beauty and ugliness, vice and virtue, light and darkness, etc. And it depends on how you look at it and how you understand it. At the crossing of Shibuya, at the station of Shinjuku and the main street of Ginza, I photograph the scenery I see there and then think about the present time linked from the past and to the future. Photographs might be the capture of one single moment of the world. However, I always have a strange feeling that there might be another world behind my photographs, another dimension.

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แƒ แƒ”แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒ˜แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ˜ แƒขแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ•แƒแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ› แƒšแƒแƒขแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒฃแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒฐแƒ˜แƒžแƒ”แƒ -แƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒฌแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒญแƒแƒ—แƒ แƒ แƒ”แƒŸแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒ˜แƒงแƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒฃแƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒญแƒแƒ—แƒ แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ, แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ, แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒแƒฃแƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒคแƒฃแƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜. แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ” แƒแƒ›แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒขแƒฃแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ˜แƒกแƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒแƒœแƒกแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒฌแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒฏแƒ”แƒ  แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ• แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ. แƒšแƒแƒขแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒ”แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜, แƒ“แƒแƒฃแƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒžแƒ˜แƒšแƒกแƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒญแƒแƒ—แƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒฃแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒจแƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒŸแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก 70 แƒžแƒ แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜ แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ. แƒแƒ› แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒแƒฆแƒ‘แƒ”แƒญแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒงแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒญแƒแƒ—แƒ แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒแƒฅ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฃแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒซแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ› แƒฉแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒงแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ. แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒญแƒแƒ—แƒ แƒ แƒ”แƒŸแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒšแƒแƒขแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒกแƒแƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒงแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒจแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒš แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒกแƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒแƒ“ แƒฃแƒชแƒฎแƒ แƒžแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ  แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ”แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ  แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒœแƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒช แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒช แƒ›แƒขแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜. แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒซแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒขแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ•แƒแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒแƒ—แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒซแƒ˜แƒšแƒ–แƒ” แƒแƒ  แƒจแƒ”แƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒšแƒ, แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒžแƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒแƒคแƒแƒ แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒชแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒฎแƒกแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒ—, แƒซแƒ˜แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ“, แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒแƒกแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒกแƒขแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก, แƒจแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒฃแƒฎแƒ”แƒ แƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒก. แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒฉแƒฃแƒ แƒฉแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ— แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒ, แƒฉแƒแƒชแƒ›แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ, แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒชแƒฎแƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒฅแƒกแƒ”แƒกแƒฃแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ แƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก แƒžแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ•แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ แƒ”แƒŸแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒกแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒš แƒ“แƒ”แƒขแƒแƒšแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒ”แƒก แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ iPhone 4S-แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒแƒช แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒ›แƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒฃแƒฌแƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒฅแƒกแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒชแƒ. Reinis Fjodorovs Tram The end of World War II brought hyper growth of industrialization in occupied Latvia introduced by the soviet regime that generated urbanisation and influx of workers from Soviet countries, predominantly Russia. That created an imbalance of demographic situation that is still felt. Daugavpils, the second biggest city of Latvia, is a vivid example of Soviet industrialisation programme as more than 70% its current population are Russian-speakers. This photos documents emigrants from former Soviet Countries that came in search for work and better way of life. After collapse of the Soviet regime and Latvia becoming part of the European Union the former industry workers found themselves in changed and utterly unfamiliar political and economic setting that is still regarded with animosity. A tram, unaltered since decades, makes its way through the city as an expressive metaphor and living memory of past times. Primarily used by older generation it creates a setting of nostalgia, fused realities and sense of bewilderment. The whispering manner of talking, the clothing, the hairstyle, even the accessories add to an atmosphere reminiscent of once upon revered authoritarian regime. This serie has been captured with iphone 4s that allowed capturing the photo moment in an immediate and uninterrupted way.

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แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒแƒœแƒ แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒขแƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒฃแƒ‘แƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ แƒงแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒก แƒ”แƒคแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒฃแƒ  แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ•แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก: แƒ›แƒฃแƒฅแƒ˜ แƒชแƒ, แƒ˜แƒ“แƒฃแƒ›แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒšแƒฃแƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒจแƒ™แƒแƒจแƒ แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒขแƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒคแƒแƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. Simona Bonanno Stardust Looking through a puddle changes my world in a spectacular vision: dark skies, mysterious buildings and huge silhouettes sprinkle with a sparkling stardust.

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แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ” แƒกแƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ”แƒœแƒชแƒ แƒžแƒšแƒแƒกแƒขแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ, แƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ แƒŸแƒฃแƒ แƒœแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ โ€œแƒžแƒšแƒแƒกแƒขแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ, แƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ แƒŸแƒฃแƒ แƒœแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒโ€ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒกแƒขแƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒจแƒจแƒ˜ โ€œแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฃแƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ“แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกโ€ แƒกแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ–แƒแƒœ แƒ–แƒแƒœแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒฃแƒš แƒแƒœแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ–แƒก แƒ”แƒคแƒฃแƒซแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒ–แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก, แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒขแƒงแƒฃแƒแƒก โ€“ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฅแƒแƒกแƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒแƒ›แƒจแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒš แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒแƒœแƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜. แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ, แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœ แƒ แƒแƒšแƒก แƒกแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒคแƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒกแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒจแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒ› แƒฃแƒ–แƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒแƒ  แƒ แƒแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒซแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒช แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ แƒŸแƒฃแƒ แƒœแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. Simone Sapienza Plastic, Game and Citizen Journalism Plastic, Game and Citizen Journalism is a project that focuses on Susan Sontagโ€™s analysis of โ€˜the perennial seductiveness of warโ€™ in the airsoft game. The project explores the phases of the game and the cameraโ€™s ability to lie so the series could have been shot in any country that is at war. Moreover, the smartphone and Instagram have important roles in the project since they recall the huge quantities of news pictures made by citizen journalists.

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แƒšแƒ˜แƒœ แƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ–แƒ”แƒ”แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ Linn Phyllis Seeger แƒฃแƒกแƒแƒ—แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ Untitled

แƒšแƒ˜แƒœ แƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ–แƒ”แƒ”แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ Linn Phyllis Seeger

แƒœแƒแƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒฃแƒ แƒ“แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ Natali Burduli

แƒฃแƒกแƒแƒ—แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ Untitled

แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒšแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฆแƒ แƒฃแƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜.. Smoky Cloud.. แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒแƒ™แƒ Mattia Vacca แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒ›แƒฃแƒ–แƒ”แƒฃแƒ›แƒ˜ Natural Science Museum 314


แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒฐแƒแƒกแƒแƒœแƒ˜ Arya Abolhassani แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ โ€œแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒกแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜โ€ From the series โ€œCrossingโ€

แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒœแƒฃแƒก แƒกแƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒšแƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ˜ Magnus Cederlund แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒšแƒฃแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ— Woman with Beer

แƒ‘แƒแƒ’แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ Bogi Bell แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒžแƒแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ Bugged Out

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แƒคแƒ แƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™ แƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ’แƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ Frederic Vanwalleghem แƒ•แƒ˜แƒฅแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ Victoria


แƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ Thomas Schell แƒ›แƒ”แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒก, แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ” The Morning After and the Day Before

แƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ Thomas Schell แƒ”แƒก แƒœแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜ This Afternoon

แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ Marco Castelli แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒœแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ The Shooting

แƒขแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ แƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒœแƒ”แƒ•แƒ Tatiana Remneva แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒแƒ แƒฅแƒ˜แƒขแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒแƒฆแƒจแƒ˜ Inside Contemporary Architecture

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แƒ‘แƒแƒ—แƒฃแƒ›แƒ˜ Batumi

แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ Mari Nakanimamasakhlisi แƒ™แƒแƒกแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒชแƒœแƒแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ Space Oddity

แƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ แƒคแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ Enrico Fabian

แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ Mari Nakanimamasakhlisi

แƒšแƒฃแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ แƒฉแƒแƒšแƒแƒ—แƒแƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ Louisa Chalatashvili

แƒฏแƒฃแƒ—แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒแƒ แƒฉแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ Framed by Jute

แƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ แƒคแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ Enrico Fabian แƒ’แƒแƒชแƒ•แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒšแƒแƒฃแƒœแƒ˜ The Exploited Clown

แƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒฅแƒ”แƒ–แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ Firestarter

แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ Mari Nakanimamasakhlisi แƒงแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ Yellow


แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ› แƒžแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ Mariam Patiashvili แƒฃแƒกแƒแƒ—แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ Untitled

แƒ•แƒแƒฎแƒขแƒแƒœแƒ’ แƒ™แƒฃแƒœแƒชแƒ”แƒ•-แƒ’แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ Vakhtang Kuntsev-Gabashvili แƒกแƒแƒงแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜ Sweet Home

แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒแƒœแƒ Simona Bonanno แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒฎแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒชแƒฎแƒšแƒกแƒแƒกแƒ แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒแƒฆแƒ˜ People and Shotguns

แƒกแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒจแƒขแƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ Sandra Stein แƒ™แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒฎแƒ•แƒ Zรคhne Putzen

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แƒ™แƒšแƒแƒฃแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒ˜ Claudio Cambon แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒฉแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜, แƒกแƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒšแƒแƒ—แƒแƒก แƒฎแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜, แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒ˜ New Mosque, Spice Market and Galata Bridge, Istanbul

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