Mg + 2HCl â&#x2021;&#x2019; MgCl + H2â&#x2020;&#x2018;. K f_^vx kheygZy dbkehlZ g_ j_Z]bjm_l < q_l\_jlhc ijh[bjd_ ijhl_dZ_l j_Zdpby t
CuO + 2HCl â&#x2021;&#x2019; CuCl2 + H2O.
&X2 jZkl\hjy_lky \ dbkehl_ h[jZam_lky ]hem[hc jZkl\hj aZ kq_l hdjZr_gguo bhgh\ &X2+. < iylhc ijh[bjd_ ijhbkoh^bl jZkl\hj_gb_ &X 2+ 2 \ +&O Cu(OH)2 + 2HCl â&#x2021;&#x2019; G2H + CuCl2. LZd`_ h[jZam_lky ]hem[hc jZkl\hj &X2+). < r_klhc ijh[bjd_ CaCO3 + 2HCl â&#x2021;&#x2019; CaCl2 + H2O + CO2â&#x2020;&#x2018;. ;he__ kbevgZy dbkehlZ \ul_kgy_l [he__ keZ[mx m]hevgmx dbkehlm dhlhjZy jZaeZ]Z_lky gZ m]e_dbkeuc ]Za b \h^m H2CO3 â&#x2021;&#x2019; CO2â&#x2020;&#x2018; + H2O. KgZqZeZ aZibr_f \k_ j_Zdpbb k $J123. HCl + AgNO3 â&#x2021;&#x2019; AgClâ&#x2020;&#x201C; + HNO3; NaCl + AgNO3 â&#x2021;&#x2019; AgClâ&#x2020;&#x201C; + NaNO3; CaCl2 + 2AgNO3 â&#x2021;&#x2019; 2AgClâ&#x2020;&#x201C; + Ca(NO3)2.
<h \k_o ijh[bjdZo \uiZ^Z_l [_euc hkZ^hd g_ jZkl\hjbfuc \ HNO dhgp . :gZeh]bqgh ijhbkoh^yl j_Zdpbb k 3E 123)2: 2HCl + Pb(NO3)2 â&#x2021;&#x2019; PbCl2â&#x2020;&#x201C; + 2HNO3; 2NaCl + Pb(NO3)2 â&#x2021;&#x2019; PbCl2â&#x2020;&#x201C; + 2NaNO3; CaCl2 + Pb(NO3)2 â&#x2021;&#x2019; PbCl2â&#x2020;&#x201C; + Ca(NO3)2. LZd dZd jZkl\hjbfhklv 3E&O2 \k_ lZdb ^hklZlhqgh \_ebdZ lh hkZ^hd \uiZ^Z_l ebrv ba ^hklZlhqgh dhgp_gljbjh\Zgguo jZkl\hjh\ Ijb ^h[Z\e_gbb ba[uldZ dhgp_gljbjh\Zgghc G123 dhgp_gljZpby bhgh\ Pb2+ b &Oâ&#x20AC;&#x201C; mf_gvrZ_lky djhf_ lh]h jZ\gh\_kb_ ba aZ ba[uldZ +123 kf_sZ_lky \e_\h ihwlhfm hkZ^hd 3E&O2 jZkl\hjy_lky Z >ey lh]h qlh[u hlebqblv kheygmx dbkehlm hl ^jm]bo dbkehl fh`gh ijh\_klb j_Zdpbx k $J123 beb 3E 123)2 < j_amevlZl_ \uiZ^Z_l [_euc l\hjh`bkluc hkZ^hd $J&O beb fZehjZkl\hjbfuc PbCl2. [ Oehjb^u hij_^_eyxlky bguf h[jZahf \ Kheygmx dbkehlm hl oehjb^h\ fh`gh hlebqblv j_Zdpb_c k f_lZeeZfb +&O j_Z]bjm_l k f_lZeeZfb k \u^_e_gb_f \h^hjh^Z 87