Corruption, Terrorism and Hawala Trade by Kalchakra News

blh iqLrd ls--& gokyk dkaM cgqr xaHkhj ekeyk gSA D;ksfa d ns”k ds 115 lcls rkdroj yksxksa dks nqcbZ vkSj yanu ds ftl xSj&dkuwuh gokyk lzkrs ksa ls iSls feyus dk vkjksi gS] ogh lzkrs d”ehj ds vkradokfn;ksa dks Hkh iSlk nsrk FkkA fQj Hkh bl ekeys dh vkt rd Bhd ls tk¡p ugha gqbZ vkSj vkradokfn;ksa dks iSls nsus okys lzkrs rd ugha igq¡pk tk ldkA ftlds dkj.k vkt ns”k esa Hkz’Vkpkj vkSj vkradokn bl gn rd c<+ x;kA & gokyk dkaM dks nckus ds fy, loksZPp U;k;ky; ij ^ncko* Mkyus okys vijk/kh dh igpku dks Hkkjr ds eq[; U;k;k/kh”k Jh ts-,l- oekZ us fNikdj D;ksa j[kk\ mls vnkyr dh voekuuk dh ltk D;ksa ugha nh\ blds ihNs D;k jkt gS\ & ns”k ds lHkh cM+s usrkvksa dks bl dkaM dh tkudkjh gSA fQj vkt rd laln esa fdlh Hkh ny us Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj ds bl dkaM dh tk¡p ij rwy D;ksa ugha fn;k\ tcfd blls dgha de egRo ds eqnn~ ksa ij ;s lkaln ges”kk rwQku epkrs jgs gSAa & yksx gSjku gSa fd tc tuojh 1996 es]a gokyk dkaM esa cM+& s cM+s jktusrk tksj&”kksj ls idM+s x, Fks] rks ;g ekeyk bruh vklkuh ls [kRe dSls gks x;k\ D;k ns”k esa usrkvksa vkSj turk ds fy, vyx&vyx dkuwu gS\a

Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj Hkkjr ds bfrgkl esa igyh ckj] 1996 es]a ns”k ds ntZuksa dsUnzh; dSfcusV eaf=;ks]a eq[;eaf=;ks]a jkT;ikyksa o foi{k ds cM+s usrkvksa dks tSu gokyk dkaM esa pktZ”khV djokus o bLrhQk nsus ds fy, etcwj djus okys tq>k: i=dkj dh l”kDr dye ls fy[kh x;h gqDejkuksa dh lkft”k dh gSjrvaxst nkLrku tks vkt Hkz’Vkpkj ds fo:) gj vkUnksyu ds fy, csgn dkjxj fl) gksxhA

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ds”ko dqekj o ukflj mLekuh }kjk ystj dEikst forjd lsysfDVo ,.M lkbfUVfQd cqDl ew Y ;% ifCy”klZ ,.M fMLVªhC;wVlZ :0 200-00 lh&73@ch] ¼xzkm.M ¶yksj½ ik.Mo uxj enj Ms;jh ds lkeus] iViM+xat] fnYyh&1100092 Qksu% ¼011½ 22484131 eks-&9810766022 bZesy&ssbook@rediffmail.com www.ssbooks.in iksLV ckWDLk ua-429] th-ih-vks-] ubZ fnYyh&110001 eq n z . k ,esVh vkWQlsV fizaVj 12@38] lkbZV&4] b.MfLVª;y ,fj;k] lkfgckckn] xkft;kckn] ¼m-iz-½ Bhrashtachar, Atankvad aur Hawala Karobar by Vineet Narain

J)ka t yh Hkkjr ek¡ ds mu liwrksa dks] ftUgksaus ekr`Hkwfe ds fy, ”kgknr nh rkfd Hkkjr lq[kh] laiUu vkSj xkSjo”kkyh jk’Vª cu lds vkSj mUgsa Hkh] tks gqDejkuksa dh feyhHkxr ds dkj.k vkradokn dh cfy p<+ x,

vkg~ o ku lHkh ns”kHkä Hkkjrokfl;ksa dk] ftUgsa r; djuk gS fd os dc rd ns”k ds lalk/kuksa dh ywV vkSj gqDejkuksa dk fudEekiu cnkZ”r djrs jgsaxs \

J)katyh %

gqDejkuksa dh ckuxh gokyk dkaM ds mtkxj gksus ls Hkkjr dh jktuSfrd O;oLFkk cqjh rjg fgy xbZ FkhA iwjs ns”k esa cM+s jktusrkvksa ds Hkz’Vkpkj dks ysdj Hkkjh vkØks”k FkkA ,sls esa turk dks ns”k dh O;oLFkk ls dqN Bksl dneksa dh mEehn FkhA ij ns”k ds rhu egRoiw.kZ laoS/kkfud inksa ij cSBs yksxksa us ml oDr D;k dgk] tkudj vkidks vk”p;Z gksxk& Hkkjr ds jk’Vªifr ds-vkjukjk;.ku us jk’Vªifr dk in laHkkyrs gh dgk] ^^Hkz’Vkpkj ls yM+us ds fy, ns”kokfl;ksa dks lR;kxzg djuk pkfg,A** Hkkjr ds izèkkuea=h baæ dqekj xqtjky us dgk] ^^eSa Hkz’Vkpkj jksdus esa vlgk; gw¡A** Hkkjr ds eq[; U;k;kèkh”k ts-,l- oekZ us 14 tqykbZ 1997 dks Hkjh vnkyr esa dgk fd] ^^gokyk dkaM dks nckus ds fy,] ^ge ij yxkrkj ncko iM+ jgk gSA** tc ns”k dh foèkkf;dk] dk;Zikfydk o U;k;ikfydk ds loksZPp inksa ij vklhu fuxgckuksa dh ;g fLFkfr gS] rks ns”k dh 121 djksM+ turk dh lqj{kk dkSu djsxk\ gkykr ds ekjs yksx dgk¡¡ tk,a\ fdlds daèks ij flj j[kdj jks,\a fdlls Qfj;kn djs\a D;k [kkeks”k gksdj ?kj cSB tk,sa vkSj ns”k dh ywV vkSj nqn”Z kk dk rkaMo ns[krs jgs\a D;k gkykr ls le>kSrk dj Hkz’V gks tk,sa \ D;k “kL= mBkdj [kwuh Økafr djus okyksa ds ihNs py iM+\as ;k] lafoèkku ds <kaps ds Hkhrj yksdrkaf=d rjhds ls LokFkhZ rkdrksa ls yM+sa \ 2

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

fo’k;&lw p h 1 23456 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

vkeq[k&izdk”kd 5 D;ksa gS tSu gokyk dkaM lcls vuwBk\&jathr nsojkt 7 lkFkh i=dkj dh vk¡[kksa ns[kh&lat; flag 15 ;g vklku ugha Fkk&fouhr ukjk;.k 21 Hkz’Vkpkj] vkardokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj 25 D;k gS tSu gokyk dkaM\ 29 dSls feyh tSu Mk;jh vkSj dSls cuh [kksth fjiksVZ\ 45 lsl a j cksMZ us dh nckus dh dksf”k”k 55 tufgr ;kfpdk ftlus jpk bfrgkl 65 lg&;kfpdkdrkZvksa dh fooknkLin Hkwfedk 71 jke tsBeykuh us cnyk ikyk 87 lkalnksa dh [krjukd pqIih 101 gokyk dkaM dk vlj 115 lh-ch-vkbZ- dh “keZukd Hkwfedk 121 Qsjk o vk;dj foHkkx ds dkjukesa 137 gkbZdksVZ us dSls fd;k vfHk;qDrksa dks cjh \ 145 U;k;ikfydk ij ^ncko* 161 Hkkjr ds eq[; U;k;/kh”k us ns”k dks xqejkg fd;k 175 ftuls mEehn Fkh 197 ehfM;k dh Hkwfedk 219 ^jk’Vªokfn;ks*a dh Hk;adj Hkwy 241 fQj nck fn;k ^gokyk dsl* 243 fQj vkxs D;k gqvk \ 277 eaFku 287 frfFkokj ?kVukØe 301 vutkus la?k’kZ ds lkFkh 307 vnkyr dh voekuuk dkuwu dk nq:i;ksx 319 tu lrdZrk vk;ksx 321 vihy 325 ys[kd ifjp; 327

;= ;ksxs”oj% Ñ’.kks ;= ikFkksZ èkuqèkZj%A r= JhfoZt;ks HkwfrèkzqZok uhfreZfreZeAA tgk¡ ;ksx”s oj Ñ’.k gSa vkSj tgk¡ ije èkuqèkZj vtqZu gS]a ogha ,s”o;Z] fot;] foHkwfr rFkk uhfr Hkh fuf”pr :i ls jgrs gS]a ,slk esjk er gSA Hkxon~xhrk] vè;k; 18] ”yksd 78 OOO

lq[knq%[ks les ÑRok ykHkkykHkkS t;kt;kSA rrks ;q)k; ;qT;Lo uSoa ikieokIL;flAA OOO

rqe lq[k ;k nq%[k] gkfu ;k ykHk] fot; ;k ijkt; ij fopkj fd, fcuk ;q) ds fy, rS;kj gks tkvksA ,slk djus ij rqEgsa dksbZ iki ugha yxsxkA Hkxon~xhrk] vè;k; 2] “yksd 38 OOO

Qkuwl cuds ftldh fgQktr gok djsA Okks “keka D;k cq>]s ftls jks”ku [kqnk djsAA OOO

Tkks yM+s nhu ds gsr lwjk lksbAZ Ikqjtk&iqjtk dV ejs] rcs u NkM+s [ksrAA

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

1 vkeq [ k Hkz’Vkpkj dks ysdj vkt iwjs ns”k esa dkQh mRrstuk gSA gj fgUnqLrkuh bl dSl a j ls futkr ikuk pkgrk gSA ckck jkenso vkSj vUuk gtkjs Hkz’Vkpkj ds fo:) gok cukus esa dkQh gn rd lQy jgs gSAa ftlds fy, mUgsa vkSj muls T;knk ehfM;k dks /kU;okn fn;k tkuk pkfg,A ij bl ns”k ds lcls rkdroj gqDejkuksa ds rkSj&rjhdksa ls ukokfdQ yksx bl vkØks”k dks lgh fn”kk ugha ns ik jgs gSAa yksdiky fcy dc cusxk\ dSlk cusxk\ dc ;g cM+s yksxksa ds f[kykQ tk¡p iwjh djsxk\ dc bldh tk¡p ij vnkyr eqdnek lqux s h\ dc vkjksfi;ksa dks ltk feysxh\ bu iz”uksa dk lh/kk tokc fdlh fd ikl ugha gSA tcfd ekStnw k dkuwu ds jgrs gq, Hkh ^tSu gokyk dkaM* dks ysdj tks la?k’kZ bl iqLrd ds ys[kd us 1993 ls 2000 rd fd;k] mlus Hkkjr ds bfrgkl esa igyh ckj ns”k ds ntZuksa dsUnzh; dSfcusV eaf=;ks]a eq[;eaf=;ks]a jkT;ikyks]a foi{k ds cM+s usrkvks]a vQljksa o lkoZtfud {ks= dh dEifu;ksa ds v/;{kksa dks tSu gokyk dkaM esa Hkz’Vkpkj ds vkjksi esa pktZ”khV djokus o bLrhQk nsus ds fy, etcwj djus esa vHkwriwoZ dke;kch gkfly dh FkhA ftldh ppkZ rc iwjh nqfu;k ds Vh-oh- pSuyksa vkSj v[kckjksa esa eghuksa rd gq;h FkhA ij vQlksl dh ckr gS fd bruh cM+h dke;kch dks vius vuSfrd vkpj.k ls ftu yksxksa us foQyrk esa cnyus dk dke fd;k] os gh vkt Hkz’Vkpkj ds fo:) la?k’kZ dk usr`Ro gM+ius dh lkft”k esa tqVs gSAa blfy, tkucw>dj ,slk lek/kku ns jgs gSa ftlls Hkz’Vkpkj drbZ de ugha gksxk] gk¡] bu fufgr LokFkhZ rRoksa dk] ges”kk dh rjg] O;fDrxr ykHk vo”; gks tk;sxkA ns”k dh =Lr vkSj Hkksyh turk ,d ckj fQj Bxh tk;sxhA vxj 1993 ls 1998 rd bu

vkeq[k&izdk”kd %

yksxksa us gokyk dkaM ds vkjksih] cM+s usrkvksa dks cpdj fudyus esa enn u dh gksrh] rks vkt ns”k esa Hkz’Vkpkj dk dSl a j bl gn rd ugha QSyrkA vkradokn ij Hkh rHkh izHkkoh jksd yx tkrhA blfy, bl fdrkc dh vkt cgqr t:jr gSA bls i<+us ls gj la?k’kZ”khy O;fDr dks le> esa vk tk,xk fd Hkz’Vkpkj ds f[kykQ yM+kbZ yM+rs oDr fdu yksxksa ls vkSj fdu gkykrksa esa lko/kku jgus dh t:jr gksrh gSA D;ksfa d blesa ns”k ds rkdroj gqDejkuks]a e”kgwj yksxks]a ehfM;k ds eBk/kh”kks]a rFkkdfFkr flfoy lkslkbZVh ds yksxksa vkSj U;k;k/kh”kksa rd ds vlyh psgjs csudkc gksrs gSAa ;s fdrkc gj ml ukStoku vkSj vke Hkkjrh; dks enn djsxh] tks Hkz’Vkpkj ls yM+uk pkgrk gSA D;ksfa d vkt eqYd Hkz’Vkpkj ds fo:) la?k’kZ ds fy, rS;kj gSA ,sls esa bl fdrkc dks izdkf”kr djuk lekt vkSj ns”k ds fgr esa gSA ckdh QSlyk fdrkc i<+us ds ckn vki [kqn gh dj ysx a As izdk”kd

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

2 D;ksa gS ^tSu gokyk dkaM* lcls vuwBk\ vkradokn ls vkt iwjh nqfu;k ijs”kku gSA vejhdk lfgr lc eku jgs gSa fd vkradokn dh tM+ esa gS gokyk dkjksckj vkSj gokyk dh tM+ esa gS ns”k esa QSyk Hkz’VkpkjA 1993 esa tc 37 o’khZ; tq>k: i=dkj fouhr ukjk;.k us viuh ohfM;ks eSXthu ^dkypØ** esa ns”k ds 115 cM+s jktusrkvks]as vQljks]a fgTcqy eqtkfgn~nhu o gokyk dkjksckfj;ksa ds lcls cM+s ?kksVkys dk inkZQk”k fd;k rc ns”k mudh bl fnysjh ls grizHk jg x;kA brus lkjs rkdroj yksxksa ds f[kykQ muds bl la?k’kZ dks ehfM;k us Hkh mBkus dh fgEer vklkuh ls ugha fn[kkbZA 2th LiSDVªe] dkWeuosYFk] cksQkslZ] pkjk ?kksVkyk] rgydk] “ks;j ?kksVkyk tSls ?kksVkyksa ij vk;s fnu “kksj epkus okys usrk] lkaln o cqf)thoh Hkh bl lcls cM+s ?kksVkys ij [kkeks”k jgsA iSls ds ekeys esa rks ;g dsoy 65 djksM+ :Ik;s dk ?kksVkyk Fkk] ij [krjukd ckr ;g Fkh fd blesa lŸkki{k vkSj foi{k ds izeq[k nyksa ds vusd cM+s usrk Qals FksA gj ?kksVkys esa ,d ny ds usrk Qalrs gSa rks nwljs ny ds yksx “kksj epkrs gSaA ftlls mldk jktuSfrd ykHk mBk ldsaA ltk fnyokus dh ea”kk rks dHkh fdlh dh gksrh ugha gSA blfy, dqN fnu “kksj epkdj lc pqi cSB tkrs gSAa ij pwfa d tSu gokyk ?kksVkys esa gj cM+s ny ds cM+s&cM+s usrk Q¡ls Fks blfy, bl ij u rks rc dksbZ “kksj epk vkSj u gh vkt Hkh dksbZ bldk uke ysus dh fgEer djrk gSA blh ls bl ?kksVkys dh xEHkhjrk dk vanktk yxk;k tk ldrk gSA * rc ns”k esa futh Vh-oh- pSuy ugha FksA 1989 esa fouhr ukjk;.k us ekfld dkypØ ohfM;ks lekpkj dSlVs tkjh dj Hkkjr ds bfrgkl esa igyh ckj Lora= fgUnh Vh-oh- i=dkfjrk dh LFkkiuk dh FkhA

D;ksa gS tSu gokyk dkaM lcls vuwBk\ %

bruk gh ugha gokyk dkaM esa vkjksfir jgs usrk viuh cgqizpkfjr vkRedFkkvksa esa >wB dk lgkjk ysdj [kqn dks cpkus dh dksf”k”k djrs vk;s gSaA ftlds reke izek.k ekStwn gSaA tSu gokyk dkaM dh vgfe;r bl ckr ls gS fd blesa Hkz’Vkpkjh usrkvks]a vkradokfn;ksa vkSj gokyk dkjksckfj;ksa dh [krjukd lkaB&xkaB dk [kqyklk gksrk gSA ;g la?k’kZ blfy, Hkh egRoiw.kZ Fkk fd blesa lh-ch-vkbZ-] laln] iz/kkuea=h dk;kZy; vkSj U;k;ikfydk dk vlyh psgjk mtkxj fd;kA pwafd ;g lkjh yM+kbZ ,d ;qok i=dkj us cM+h fgEer vkSj fnysjh ls] fcuk fdlh laLkk/kuksa ds vkSj fcuk ehfM;k] jktuSfrd nyksa vkSj vkS|ksfxd ?kjkuksa dh enn ls dbZ o’kZ rd yM+h vkSj Hkkjr dh jktuhfr dh fn”kk eksM+ nh] blfy, Hkh bl la?k’kZ dks vkt dh ihf<+;ksa ds fy, tkuuk vkSj le>uk t:jh gSA fouhr ukjk;.k us tc ;g “ka[kukn fd;k rc ljdkjh nwjn”kZu ds vykok ns”k esa dksbZ Vh-oh- pSuy ugha Fkk tks mudh bl fnysjh ij lkjs ns”k esa rwQku epk nsrkA tSlk vkt NksVs&NksVs eqn~nksa ij Hkh epk fn;k tkrk gSA u eksckby Qksu Fks ftu ij ,l,e-,l- Hksts tkrs vkSj u gh bZ&esy dh lqfo/kk FkhA vuqeku yxkuk eqf”dy gksxk fd bu foijhr gkykrksa esa iwjh jktuSfrd O;oLFkk ls 7 o’kZ rd vdssys yM+uk fdruk tksf[ke Hkjk jgk gksxkA ij tq>k: i=dkj fouhr ukjk;.k us fgEer ugha gkjhA ns”k ds dksus&dksus esa [kqn tkdj tulHkk,sa lEcksf/kr dha vkSj yksxksa dks txk;kA loksZPp U;k;ky; esa tufgr ;kfpdk nkf[ky dj bl ?kksVkys dh tk¡p dh ek¡x dh vkSj ,d yEch dkuwuh yM+kbZ yM+hA Hkxoku Jhd`’.k esa vkLFkk ds dkj.k /kefd;ksa vkSj in o iSls ds izyksHkuksa ls fMxs ugha vkSj viuh tku ij ns”k esa vyx&vyx txg ckj&ckj gq, geyksa esa Hkh Hkxon~ d`ik ls cky&cky cp x;sA varr% bl ekeys esa 1996 esa ntZuksa dsfcusV ea=h] eq[;ea=h] jkT;iky o foi{k ds usrk pktZ”khV gq, vkSj mUgsas vius in ls 8

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

R;kxi= nsuk iM+kA ,slk Hkkjr ds bfrgkl esa igyh ckj gqvkA ;g nwljh ckr gS fd bu lcus ,dtqV gksdj ,dckj fQj 1998 esa gokyk dkaM dks ncok fn;k vkSj [kqn dks fMLpktZ djok fy;kA bl rjg Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj dks c<+us dk [kqyk ekSdk ns fn;kA ;g iqLrd gqDejkuksa dh blh lkft”k dh gSjrvaxst nkLrku gSA fouhr ukjk;.k ds bl la?k’kZ ls ml oDr lkjs ns”k esa mEehn ca/kh Fkh fd vc Hkz’Vkpkj ij yxke dlsxhA ij tc bl ekeys esa ckn ds o’kksZa esa] lcwrksa dks nckdj] T;knkrj vkjksih jktusrk ,d&,d djds vnkyrksa ls cjh gks x;s rks mUgksaus viuh rkdr vkSj lkèkuksa ds cy ij] ehfM;k dh ekQZr ns”kHkj esa ;g Hkze QSyk fn;k fd tSu gokyk dkaM esa dksbZ lcwr ugha gSA tcfd gdhdr ;g gS fd lqizhe dksVZ ds eq[; U;k;kèkh”k rd ;g dg pqds Fks fd bl dkaM esa brus lcwr gSa fd vxj ge bu yksxksa dks ltk ugha ns ikrs rks gesa ns”k dh vnkyrsa cUn dj nsuh pkfg,saA mUgksaus ;g Hkh ckj&ckj dgk fd lh-ch-vkbZ- vkSj nwljh tk¡p ,tsafl;kas us vkt rd bl dsl dh Bhd ls tk¡p gh ugha dhA ckn ds o’kksZa esa] gokyk tk¡p ds le; lh-ch-vkbZ ds la;qDr funs”kd jgs ch-vkj-yky us Hkh th Vh-oh- ds ,d “kks esa dgk vkSj viuh iqLrd esa Hkh ;g Lohdkj fd;k fd tSu gokyk dkaM esa reke lcwr lh-chvkbZ- ds ikl Fks] ij iz/kkuea=h dk;kZy; vkSj rRdkyhu lh-ch-vkbZfuns”kd tksxsUnz flag ds ncko esa mUgsa vnkyr esa is”k ugha djus fn;k x;kA ,sls esa loky mBuk LoHkkfod gS fd tc tk¡p gh ugha gqbZ rks dksbZ csxqukg dSls gks x;k\ fpark dh ckr ;g gS fd fnlEcj] 1997 esa gokyk ekeys esa fu.kZ; nsrs le; loksZPp U;k;ky; ds eq[; U;k;k/kh”k ts-,l-oekZ us fouhr ukjk;.k dh tufgr ;kfpdk dh izeq[k izkFkZukvksa dh gh vuns[kh dj nhA jke tsBeykuh] “kkafr Hkw’k.k] v:.k tsVyh] iz”kkar Hkw’k.k o dkfeuh tk;loky tSls odhyksa ds izHkko esa vkdj eq[; D;ksa gS tSu gokyk dkaM lcls vuwBk\ %

dsl ls ns”k dk /;ku gVkus ds fy, lh-oh-lh- ds xBu vkSj lh-chvkbZ- ij fuxjkuh j[kus okyk ,d vyx gh QSlyk ns MkykA bl QSlys ds izHkkoh gksus ij rc Hkh lansg Fkk vkSj vkt Hkh bl QSlys ds QyLo:Ik mRiUu gqbZ O;oLFkk ls Hkz’Vkpkj ij vadq”k ugha yx ik;k gSA ij QSlys dh rg rd tk, fcuk gh bls ^,sfrgkfld QSlyk* ekudj izpkfjr dj fn;k x;kA loksZPp vnkyr esa ml oDr py jgh cgl esa n[ky nsrs gq, bl dsl ds eq[; ;kfpdkdrkZ fouhr ukjk;.k us “kiFki=ksa ds ek/;e ls bl lq>ko dk vnkyr esa “kq: ls gh fojks/k fd;k Fkk vkSj bl dsl esa vk;s QSlys dk vius ys[kksa o laHkk’k.kksa ds ek/;e ls vkt rd fojks/k djrs jgs gSaA mUgsa f”kdk;r jgh fd loksZPp U;k;ky; us bl /kqa/kys QSlys ls jktuSfrd {ks= esa O;kIr Hkkjh Hkz’Vkpkj o vkradokn ds f[kykQ yM+h tk jgh vktknh ds ckn dh bl lcls cM+h vkSj egRoiw.kZ yM+kbZ dks cM+h gksf”k;kjh ls dqpy fn;kA vk”p;Z dh ckr ;g gS fd vkt ogh tfLVl ts-,l-oekZ vkSj bl lkft”k esa mudk lkFk nsus okys ;s e”kgwj odhy Hkz’Vkpkj ds f[kykQ vk;s fnu ehfM;k ij ekspkZ [kksys jgrs gSa vkSj ns”kHkj esa vU; U;k;/kh”kksa ds vuSfrd vkpj.k ij geyk cksyrs jgrs gSa vkSj uSfrdrk dk izopu nsrs fQjrs gSaA ,sls yksxksa ds dkj.k gh vukpkj ls yM+us okyk gj ;ks)k ;k rks Bxk tkrk gS ;k buds tky esa Qaldj jg tkrk gSA ;g lPpkbZ ns”kokfl;ksa dh tkudkjh esa ugha gSA blfy, mUgsa gokyk la?k’kZ dh gdhdr tkuuk csgn t:jh gSA Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj ij gqDejkuksa dh bl lkft”k vkSj ns”k ds izfl) fVIi.khdkjksa dh ehfM;k esa bl ij [krjukd [kkeks”kh dks mtkxj djus okyh fouhr ukjk;.k dh fy[kh iqLrd ^gokyk ds ns”knzksgh* uke ls 1999 esa ok.kh izdk”ku] fnYyh us izdkf”kr dh FkhA izdkf”kr gksrs gh ;g iqLrd Hkkjh fooknksa 10

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

esa f?kj xbZA bl iqLrd ds nks laLdj.k ,d eghus esa gh gkFkksa&gkFk fcd x;sA ij blesa fd;s x;s cs[kkSQ [kqyklksa ls ckS[kyk, rkdroj usrkvksa us ,d ckj fQj fouhr ukjk;.k dh tku dks [krjs esa Mky fn;kA Jh ukjk;.k dks etcwju eghuksa ns”k esa gh Hkwfexr jguk iM+kA ns”k dh jktuSfrd ifjfLFkfr;k¡ vuqdwy ugha FkhaA blfy, “kqHkfpardksa dh jk; ij bl iqLrd ds izdk”ku dks jksd fn;k x;k vkSj mlds fuxsfVo rd izdk”kd ls ys fy, x;sA bl iqLrd dks i<+dj eqEcbZ iqfyl ds iwoZ iqfyl vk;qDr Jh ts-,Q- fjcSjks dk dguk Fkk fd] ^^gokyk ds ns”knzkgh iqLrd yksdra= dk oks psgjk fn[kkrh gS ftls is”k djus dh fgEer vkt rd dksbZ ugha dj ik;kA jkspd “kSyh o ljy Hkk’kk esa fy[kh bl iqLrd dks i<+dj ,d vke vkneh Hkh le> ldrk gS fd lŸkk ds xfy;kjksa esa] insZ ds ihNs] dSls [ksy [ksys tkrs gSaA** eqEcbZ ds gh lqizfl) i=dkj fuf[ky okXys us nSfud egkuxj ds laikndh; esa fy[kk fd] ^^293 i`‘Bksa dh ;g iqLrd tSls&tSls i<+rk x;k oSls&oSls esjs /;ku esa vk;k fd fouhr ukjk;.k us esjs gkFk esa ,d tcjnLr ce j[k fn;k gSA** fofgi ds dsUnzh; ekxZn”kZd vkpk;Z /kesZUnz dk iqLrd i<+dj dguk Fkk fd] ^^gokyk ds ns”knzksgh* iqLrd i<+us ds ckn yxk fd Hkkjr ekrk vHkh cka> ugha gqbZA** ofj’B xka/khoknh o loksZn; txr ds laiknd fou; HkkbZ dk dguk Fkk fd] ^^gokyk ds ns”knzksgh fdrkc esa cgqr dqN ,slk gS ftldh tkudkjh v[kckjksa vkSj Vh-oh- ls ns”kokfl;ksa dks ugha feyhA cgqr tksf[ke mBkdj fouhr us ;s yM+kbZ yM+h gS A ** rc ls yxkrkj bl iqLrd dh ek¡x dh tkrh jgh gSA ij vfHkeU;q dh rjg dkSjoksa ds ny ls o’kksZa vdsys tw>rs jgus ds ckn fouhr ukjk;.k ,d ckj fQj ukgd viuh cfy nsus dks rS;kj u FksA D;ksa gS tSu gokyk dkaM lcls vuwBk\ %

mUgksua s lgh oDr dk bartkj djuk csgrj le>kA og czt ds Økafrdkjh lar Jh jes”k ckck dh izjs .kk ls czt esa Hkxoku Jhjk/kk d`‘’.k dh yhykvksa ls tqMs+ xk¡oksa esa ,sfrgkfld dq.Mks]a ouksa o ioZrksa dh j{kk o th.kksZ)kj ds dke esa tqV x;s vkSj ;gk¡ Hkh fuR; u;k bfrgkl jp jgs gSAa ns”k esa ntZuksa Vh-oh- pSuy] b.VjusV o ,l-,e-,l- tSlh rduhdh ds vk tkus ls vkt gkykr cny x;s gSAa vc fdlh vfHkeU;q dks vdsys egkHkkjr ugha yM+uk iM+sxkA mldh ,d vkokt] iwjs ns”k ds dksu& s dksus es]a dqN gh {k.kksa esa igq¡p tkrh gSA blfy, vusd la?k’kZ”khy yksxksa dh ek¡x ij mlh iqLrd dk ;g laikfnr laLdj.k fQj ls izdkf”kr fd;k tk jgk gSA bl iqLrd dk mn~n”s ; fdlh O;fDr fo”ks’k ij geyk cksydj mldh Nfo /kwfey djuk ugha gS] cfYd mu cqfu;knh lokyksa dh vksj /;ku vkdf’kZr djuk gS ftudk gy <w¡<s fcuk Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn o gokyk dkjksckj ls fuiVk ugha tk ldrkA mYys[kuh; gS fd dsUnzh; lrdZrk vk;qDr ¼lh-oh-lh-½ o funs”kd lh-ch-vkbZ- dh fu;qfDr ls ysdj] ns”k esa mtkxj gksus okys gj cM+s ?kksVkys ds lkeus vkrs gh] ns”k dh fupyh vnkyrksa ls ysdj loksZPp U;k;ky; rd vkSj ehfM;k dh [kcjksa ls ysdj laln dh cgl rd] ckj&ckj blh ^fouhr ukjk;.k dsl* ¼tSu gokyk dkaM½ dk mYys[k gksrk gSA D;ksfa d ;gh og dsl gS ftlesa Hkz’Vkpkj ls fuiVus ds fy, loksZPp U;k;ky; us vusd ,sfrgkfld dne mBk;s Fks vkSj ljdkj dks Hkh u;s dkuwu cukus ds fy, funsZ”k fn;s FksA ij lHkh nyksa ds lkalnksa dh lfefr us bu funsZ”kksa dks njfdukj dj ,d narfoghu lh-oh-lh- ds xBu dk dkuwu cuk fn;kA ifj.kker% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn o gokyk dkjksckj ?kVus dh ctk; c<+rk gh tk jgk gSA tu yksdiky dh ek¡x djus okys Hkh “kq: ls ;g tkurs gSa fd bl izLrkfor fo/ks;d dk Hkh dksbZ vyx gJ ugha gksxkA fQj 12

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

Hkh turk dks ;g liuk fn[kk;k tk jgk gS fd yksdiky cuus ls ns”k esa Hkz’Vkpkj lekIr gks tk;sxkA t:jr bl ckr dh gS fd Hkz’Vkpkj ls fuiVus ds fy, D;ksa ugha csgrj vkSj dkjxj mik; lksps tk,s\a bl lUnHkZ esa ;g le>uk cgqr t:jh gS fd tSu gokyk dsl D;k Fkk vkSj D;ksa Hkz’Vkpkj ds fo:) bruh cM+h dke;kch ikus ds ckotwn Hkh blls visf{kr ifj.kke izkIr ugha gks ik,\ vc Hkz’Vkpkj ls la?k’kZ dSls fd;k tk;s\ ;g fdrkc ,sls lHkh lokyksa dk mRrj nsus dk ,d xEHkhj iz;kl gSA jathr nsojkt C;wjks phQ &nf{k.k ,f”k;k baVj izl s lfoZl] ubZ fnYyh

D;ksa gS tSu gokyk dkaM lcls vuwBk\ %

n ik;fu;j esa Nik ys[kd dk dkVwZu

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

3 lkFkh i=dkj dh vk¡[kksa ns[kh vktknh ds ckn ns”k esa vusdksa cM+s ?kksVkys lkeus vk;sA ij fdlh esa Hkh mPp inksa ij cSBs eaf=;ks]a jktusrkvksa vkSj vQljksa dks ltk ugha feyhA tSu gokyk dkaM ns”k dk igyk ,slk ekeyk Fkk ftlesa 1995&97 ds nkSjku cM+& s cM+s dsUnzh; eaf=;ks]a jktusrkvksa vkSj vQljksa ds ?kj lh-ch-vkbZ- ds Nkis iM+s vkSj mUgsa vius inksa ls bLrhQk nsuk iM+k o Hkz’Vkpkj ds vkjksiksa esa vnkyrksa ls tekur ysuh iM+hA ftlls iwjs Hkkjr dh jktuhfr esa Hkwpky vk x;kA lkjh nqfu;k dk ehfM;k bl ,sfrgkfld volj ij Hkkjr esa tek gks x;kA ckotwn blds ,d ckj fQj bUgha jktusrkvksa vkSj vQljksa us lkft”ku bls nck fn;k vkSj ;g >wBk izpkj dj fn;k fd muds f[kykQ dksbZ lcwr ugha gSAa gj ny dh cuus okyh Hkkjr ljdkj] gj vUrjkZ’Vªh; eap ij] Hkkjr esa vkradokn QSykus ds fy, ikfdLrku dks ftEesnkj Bgjkrh gSA ij lkFk gh ;g Hkwy tkrh gS fd vkradokn dks gokyk dkjksckj ls fey jgh voS/k vkfFkZd enn ds bl lcls cM+s dkaM dks og [kqn gh nckdj cSBh gSA ;g ekeyk cgqr xEHkhj gS D;ksfa d ns”k ds 115 rkdroj yksxksa dks nqcbZ vkSj yanu ds ftl xSj&dkuwuh gokyk lzkrs ksa ls iSls feyus dk vkjksi gS] ogh lzkrs d”ehj ds vkradoknh laxBu fgtcqy eqtkfgíhu dks Hkh iSlk nsrs FksA bl ckr ds reke izek.k ekStnw gksus ds ckotwn lh-ch-vkbZ- o vU; tk¡p ,stsfUl;ksa us bl dsl dh Bhd ls tk¡p ugha dhA urhtru vkrad a okfn;ksa dks iSls nsus okys lzkrs ksa rd ugha igqp ¡ k tk ldkA bl ?kksVkys ds ckj esa la{ksi esa cl bruk gh dgk tk ldrk gS fd bl ?kksVkys dks fdlh us vutkus esa de djds vk¡dk] rks fdrus gh bldk foLrkj le>dj Mj x;sA cgqr&ls yksx rks le>kus ij Hkh le>us dks rS;kj ugha FksA db;ksa us lkQrkSj ls gkFk lkFkh i=dkj dh vk¡[kksa ns[kh %

[kM+s dj fn,A dqN yksx vkxs vk,] ij ckn esa vyx gks x, vkSj dqN yksxksa us] tks vkt Hkz’Vkpkj ds fo:) e”kky fy, [kM+s gS]a blds f[kykQ ljsvke ‘kM;a= fd,A “kq: ds 17 eghukas ds nkSjku rks ehfM;k ds T;knkrj yksx Hkh bl ekeys esa dqN [kkl djus ds fy, rS;kj ugha FksA reke vihyksa ds ckotwn lkalnksa us Hkh pqIih lkèk j[kh FkhA dqy feykdj bl ekeys esa cgqr dqN gqvk gS ftldh ppkZ v[kckjks& a if=dkvksa esa ugha gqbZ ;k ugha gks ldrh FkhA ;g vyx ckr gS fd bl ekeys dks vnkyr esa ys tkus okys i=dkj fouhr ukjk;.k o lh-ch-vkbZ- esa le;&le; ij rSukr jgs vusd bZekunkj vf/kdkjh vkSj loksZPp U;k;ky; ds odhy vkt Hkh ;g ekurs gSa fd bl ekeys esa Bhd ls tk¡p gqbZ gksrh rks reke cM+s yksx lyk[kksa ds ihNs gksrAs vly esa bl dkaM esa yxHkx lHkh izeq[k nyksa ds cM+s usrk “kkfey gSAa blfy, lc [kkeks”k gSa vkSj dksbZ ugha pkgrk fd bl dkaM dh bZekunkjh ls tk¡p gks vkSj ns”k esa Hkz’Vkpkj esa fyIr ;k vkradokn QSykus okyksa ls lEcaèk j[kus okyksa dks ltk feysA blfy, tqykbZ 1993 esa tc fouhr ukjk;.k us ;g vfHk;ku “kq: fd;k vkSj ek¡x dh fd reke jktuSfrd nyksa ds bu “kfDr”kkyh jktusrkvksa ij Hkz’Vkpkj] Qsjk] VkMk vkSj vk;dj ds fofHkUu dkuwuksa ds rgr eqdnesa pyk, tk;s]a rks fdlh us mUgsa xEHkhjrk ls ugha fy;kA mUgsa dgha ls dksbZ leFkZu ugha feykA yksx mudh fgEer ns[kdj ?kcjk x,A iwjh O;oLFkk ls yM+us ds muds bjkns ij cM+& s cM+s ØwlM s jksa ds gyd lw[k x,A mèkj bl [kkeks”kh ls fopfyr gq, fcuk bl ekeys dk irk yxkus ds ckn dkypØ ohfM;ks if=dk ds fy, fouhr ukjk;.k us bl ij Vh-oh- fjiksVZ rS;kj dh& ^^g’kZn ls cM+k ?kksVkyk] lhch-vkbZ- us nck MkykA** ij dkypØ ohfM;ks dSlsV ds bl nlosa vad dks lÙkkèkh”kksa us lsl a j cksMZ ds tfj, izfrcafèkr djk fn;kA rkfd ns”koklh bl dkaM dks u tku ik;sa vkSj dkypØ dh tq>k: Vhe ds bl iz;kl dks grk”k fd;k tk ldsA fouhr ukjk;.k us 16

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

blds fy, yach yM+kbZ yM+h] èkefd;ksa vkSj djksMk+ as :i;s dh is”kd”kksa ds ckotwn ugha >qdAs vUrr% uoEcj 1993 esa dkypØ dk ;g ,sfrgkfld vad tkjh gqvkA blh chp i=dkfjrk ds èkeZ ls vkxs c<+dj ,d jk’VªHkDr ukxfjd ds :i esa mUgksua s lqizhe dksVZ esa ,d tufgr ;kfpdk nk;j dh] rkfd bl dkaM esa fyIr yksxksa dks ltk fnyok ldsAa bl nkSjku dkSu yksx muls tqMs+ vkSj mUgksua s D;k&D;k fd;k bldk foLrkj vanj ds iUuksa ij gSA vlfy;r ;g gS fd 7 o’kksZa rd Jh ukjk;.k us yxHkx vdsys gh] ns”k ds lcls rkdroj yksxksa ds Hkz’Vkpkj ds fo:)] ,d [krjukd vkSj tksf[ke Hkjk vfHk;ku pyk;kA ftlesa mUgsa u fdlh jktuSfrd ny dk leFkZu feyk] u ehfM;k lewg dk vkSj u gh fdlh vkS|ksfxd ?kjkus dkA ;gk¡ rd fd flfoy lkslkbZVh ds dksbZ e”kgwj O;fDr Hkh bl yM+kbZ esa lkFk ugha [kM+k gqvkA jktèkkuh ds cqf)thfo;ksa us 1993&98 ds chp bl egRoiw.kZ dkaM ij u dksbZ lsfeukj fd;k] u gLrk{kj djokdj c;ku tkjh fd;k] u iSny ekpZ fd;k] u izèkkuea=h ;k jk’Vªifr dks Kkiu fn;k vkSj u gh dksbZ èkjuk fn;kA Js’B i=dkfjrk ds reke ,okMZ ysus okys bu ntZuksa e”kgwj i=dkjksa dh Hkh ns”knzkgs ds bl dkaM ij] 7 o’kksZa rd lkèkh xbZ [krjukd [kkeks”kh gSjku djus okyh gSA 16 tuojh 1996 dks tc bl ekeys esa fyIr ntZuksa dsna zh; eaf=;ks]a jkT;ikyks]a eq[;eaf=;ksa vkSj cM+s usrkvksa ds f[kykQ] Hkkjr ds bfrgkl esa igyh ckj] Hkz’Vkpkj ds ekeys esa pktZ”khV nk;j gqbZ vkSj bl yacs [krjukd la?k’kZ ds fy, Js; ysus dk le; vk;k rks fouhr ukjk;.k ,d lar ds vkns”k ij fnYyh ls ckgj d”ehj esa muds vkJe pys x,A mudh bl fouezrk dk Qk;nk mBkdj bl nkSjku dbZ yksxksa us ehfM;k esa [kqn Js; ysus dh dksf”k”k dh ;k lkft”ku mUgsa “kkck”kh nh xbZ rkfd ns”k dk vke vkneh bruh cM+h miyfCèk ds ihNs ,d lefiZr ;qok i=dkj ds la?k”kZ dh vlfy;r tkudj mlds ihNs u [kM+k gks tk,A lkFkh i=dkj dh vk¡[kksa ns[kh %

bl ekeys esa “kq: ls ljdkj ds f[kykQ iSjoh djus okys loksZPp U;k;ky; ds ofj’B vfèkoDrk vfuy nhoku us gokyk dkaM esa gqbZ bl vHkwriwoZ miyfCèk dk iwjk Js; flQZ fouhr ukjk;.k dks gh fn;k gSA fouhr dks fy[ks ,d i= esa mUgksua s dgk gS]^]^^eq>ls dgha NksVh ih<+h dk gksus ds ukrs rqeus vius vkSj vius ifjokj ds fy, cgqr cM+k [krjk eksy fy;k tc rqeus ;g la?k’kZ NsM+kA bl nkSjku rqeus vuqdj.kh; lkgl fn[kk;k vkSj rqe dHkh Hkh u rks nckoksa ls >qds vkSj u gh èkefd;ksa ls Mjs rFkk rqeus lkjs foÙkh; izyksHkuksa dks Hkh Bqdjk fn;kA bl dsl ds ckjs esa rF;ksa dh [kkst djus esa iwjk dk iwjk Js; dsoy rqEgsa gh tkrk gSA bu o’kksaZ esa rqeus dfBu ifjJe djds] jkr&fnu tqVs jgdj lkexzh bdëh dh vkSj “kiFki= nkf[ky fd,A** bl ekeys es]a le;&le; ij] Jh ukjk;.k dh Hkwfedk ds ckjs esa Hkkjr ds {ksf=; v[kckjksa vkSj varjkZ’Vªh; i=&if=dkvksa us csckd fVIif.k;k¡ dh( fn bafM;u ,Dlizl s ds ukxiqj laLdj.k esa 18 ekpZ 1996 dks Nih ;g fVIi.kh [kklrkSj ls mYys[kuh; gS] ^^mUgsa [kjhnk tk ldrk Fkk] ij os bZekunkj vkSj fuHkhZd ;ks)k dh rjg yM+rs jgsA mudh gR;k dh tk ldrh Fkh] ij mUgsa Hkxoku ij fo”okl FkkA fouhr ukjk;.k dh ftanxh vklku ugha FkhA** bu rF;ksa ds ckotwn fnYyh ds dqN v[kckjksa esa ;g fookn pyk fd ;g LVksjh igys fdlus ^czd s * dhA ;g [kcj lcls igys lhfer :Ik esa lkIrkfgd fCyVt esa Nih Fkh vkSj fQj nSfud tulÙkk esAa ij D;ksa vkSj dSl]s bldk fooj.k Hkh iqLrd esa gSA tufgr ;kfpdk nk;j djrs le; lqizfl) odhy jke tsBeykuh us bl ekeys esa D;k fd;k vkSj dSls futh LokFkksZa ds fy, jk’Vªfgr ls le>kSrk fd;k\ bldk Hkh fnypLi o.kZu iqLrd esa gSA dqy feykdj gokyk dkaM ds 7 lky ds nkSjku tks dqN gqvk og lc 18

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

yksxksas rd ugha igqp ¡ ik;kA bruk gh ugha] fofHkUu ykWfc;ksa }kjk yksxksa dks ;g dgdj Hkh xqejkg fd;k x;k fd gokyk ekeys esa dksbZ lcwr ugha gS]a ;g ek= ,d ‘kM+;= a Fkk ftlesa cM+s jktusrkvksa dks ukgd cnuke fd;k x;kA ns”k ds bl lcls pfpZr ekeys esa rF; D;k gS vkSj ekeyk D;ksa vkSj dSls vkxs c<+rk jgk] bldh tkudkjh eq>s Fkh vkSj esjk ekuuk Fkk fd ;g lc ,d foLQksVd iqLrd ds fy, vPNh lkexzh gSA blfy, esjs vkxzg ij vkSj esjs lg;ksx ls fouhr ;g iqLrd fy[kus dks jkth gks x;sA D;kafs d os eq>s 1987 ls tkurs Fks] tc ge nksuksa gh bf.M;u ,Dlisl zs lewg ds fgUnh nSfud tulRrk esa dke djrs FksA mu fnuksa cksQkslZ fookn ds pyrs bafM;u ,Dlizl s dh fnYyh bdkbZ esa lÙkk:<+ ny us 1987 esa gM+rky djok nh rkfd ml ij v[kckjh geyk :d tk,A bl gM+rky dks rqMo+ kus dh dksf”k”k esa reke cM+& s cM+s foi{kh usrk tSls vVy fcgkjh oktis;h] ykyd`’.k vkMok.kh] enuyky [kqjkuk] oh-ih-flag] oh-lh-”kqDyk o nsohyky Hkh tc ukdke gks x, rks fouhr ukjk;.k us gM+rkfy;ksa ds lkFk dbZ fnu Hkwfexr gksdj fcrk, vkSj ehfM;k dh vktknh dh nqgkbZ nsdj mUgsa gM+rky rksMu+ s ds fy, jkth dj fy;kA rc fouhr gM+rkyh usrkvksa dks jkr ds va/ksjs esa bf.M;u ,Dlisl zs ds laiknd v:.k “kkSjh ds ?kj ys vk,A tgk¡ v[kckj ds izcU/ku ls tqMs+ ,l- xq:ewfrZ] lq”khy xks;udk o v:.k “kkSjh us muls jkrHkj okrkZ dj mudh f”kdk;rsa nwj djus ds vk”oklu fn,A bl HkkxknkSMh+ ds nkSjku yxkrkj fouhr dh tku ij [krjk cuk gqvk Fkk vkSj ljdkjh tklwl muds ihNs yxs FksA ij drZO;fu’B bl 31 o’khZ; i=dkj us tku dh ijokg ugha dhA bruk gh ugha] ,Dlizl s Hkou dks g¶rksa ls ?ksjs cSBs lÙkk:<+ ny ds yksxksa dh nknkfxjh ds fo:)] ykfB;ksa vkSj xksfy;ksa dh ckSNkj ds chp] fnlEcj 1987 dh vk/kh jkr ,Dlizl s Hkou ij okil dCtk djus okys yksxksa esa izcU/ku ds yksxksa ds lkFk flQZ nks lkFkh i=dkj dh vk¡[kksa ns[kh %

gh i=dkj Fks (,d NksVs cPps ds firk fouhr ukjk;.k o nwljs ;qok jkts”k tks”khA vxys fnu v[kckj pkyw gks x;kA ij ckS[kyk, jktusrkvksa ds Hksts x, xqM a ksa us vxys fnu ,Dlizl s Hkou ds ckgj [kM+s v[kckj ds laoknnkrkvksa ij vk/kh jkr dks rstkc QSd a dj mUgsa cqjh rjg ?kk;y dj fn;kA ftuesa eSa Hkh FkkA xq.Mksa dh ykfB;ksa ls esjk flj QV x;k Fkk vkSj psgjs ls isV rd rstkc dh tyu vkSj QQksyksa ls eSa csgky FkkA ckdh lkFkh Hkh rM+Ik jgs FksA ij izcU/ku vkSj laikndh; foHkkx dk dksbZ vkneh gekjh enn dks ckgj ugha vk;kA laiknd v:.k “kkSjh o izHkk tks”kh Hkh vanj vius dejs esa can cSBs jgsA dk;kZy; ds Hkhrj dke esa tqVs fouhr dks tSls gh bl ?kVuk dh [kcj yxh] os nkSMr+ s gq, ckgj vk;s vkSj rstkc ds geys ls ?kk;y ge rM+irs gq, i=dkjksa dks esVkMksj xkM+h esa Mkydj rsth ls iar vLirky ys x;sA ml [kkSQukd jkr dks gekjh rhekjnkjh djus dh fgEer flQZ fouhr ukjk;.k us gh vdsys dhA rc ls gh eSa muds fuHkhZd tq>k:iu dk n`’Vk jgk gw¡ vkSj eSua s ns[kk gS fd eBkèkh”kksa ls feyus okyh mis{kk vkSj ekxZ dh ckèkkvksa ls csijokg gksdj os dSls vius vkn”kkZas ds fy, lnSo la?k’kZjr jgrs gSAa ;g iqLrd muds ,sls gh ,d la?k’kZ dk >jks[kk gSA eq>s mEehn gS fd ;s iqLrd ns”k ds reke ;qokvksa dks izfs jr djsxhA lat; dqekj flag i=dkj tulÙkk ¼1999½

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

4 ;g vklku ugh Fkk---flrEcj 1993 ls tc eaS pkSl a B djksM+ #i, ds bl tSu gokyk ?kksVkys esa 115 cM+s usrkvksa vkSj vQljksa dks Hkz’Vkpkj] VkMk] Qsjk o vk;dj ds ekeys esa fxj¶rkj djokus dh ckr djrk Fkk] rks cM+& s cM+s yksx rd lge tkrs FksA lc dgrs Fks] ^dqN ugha gksxkA rqEgkjh dkypØ ohfM;ks eSxthu ij cSu yxk fn;k tk,xkA rqEgkjh tufgr ;kfpdk [kkfjt dj nh tk,xhA U;k;kèkh”kksa dh fgEer ugha gksxh rqEgkjh ;kfpdk ij dkjZokbZ djus dhA rqe tSu caèkqvksa dk Hkh dqN ugha fcxkM+ ikvksxAs rqe brus cM+s vQljksa dks Nw Hkh ugha ikvksxAs rqe eaf=;ksa dks vnkyr esa ugha ?klhV ikvksx s As ,dkèk usrk ;k ny ds ihNs iM+r]s rks ckdh ny rqEgkjh enn Hkh djrsA rqe rks lkjh jktuSfrd O;oLFkk ds ihNs iM+s gksA gj vkneh dgha u dgha le>kSrk fd, cSBk gSA dkSu nsxk rqEgkjk lkFk\ gkjdj rqe Hkh dqN djksM+ #i, esa fcd tkvksxs ;k fQj ejok fn, tkvksxAs * ij ckn esa esjh yM+kbZ ds rsoj ns[kdj ;gh yksx dgus yxs fd ^rqe ;g lc pquko yM+us ds fy, dj jgs gks vkSj rqEgsa lÙkk esa fgLlk nsdj pqi djk fn;k tk,xkA* vyx&vyx ekSds ij dh xb± ;s Hkfo’;okf.k;k¡ >wBh fl) gqb±A eq>s [kq”kh gS fd riL;k O;FkZ ugha xbZA ;g lgh gS fd lh-chvkbZ- vkSj nwljh tk¡p ,tsfa l;ksa us lkft”ku tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn& gokyk dkaM ds vkjksfi;ksa dks fudy Hkkxus ds jkLrs ns fn,A ij ;g Hkh lgh gS fd bl dkaM us vkradoknh vkSj Hkz’Vkpkj esa fyIr ns”k dh “kh’kZ jktuSfrd O;oLFkk dks cqjh rjg fgyk fn;kA tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj& vkradokn&gokyk dkaM esa vkjksfir jktusrk Hkys gh bls vius fo#) ‘kM;a= dgdj nckus dh dksf”k”k djrs jgs]a ysfdu rF; dqN vkSj gh c;ka djrs gSAa vkradokn dks foÙkh; enn nsus ds lcwrksa dks nckus okys bl dkaM ds fo#) vfHk;ku rks dkypØ ohfM;ks eSxthu dh NksVh&lh ;g vklku ugha Fkk--- %

Vhe us tqykbZ 1993 ls gh iwjs tks”kks&[kjks”k ls “kq: dj fn;k FkkA reke ckèkkvksa ds ckotwn ge dbZ eghuksa ls j.k{ks= esa MVs gq, FksA fQj Hkh dHkh&dHkh cgqr la”k; gksrk Fkk fd dHkh dqN gks Hkh ik,xk ;k ugha] D;ksfa d ,slk dHkh lquk ugha Fkk fd Hkkjr ij gqdew r djus okys ea=h ;k laln esa foi{k ds usrk dks ltk feyh gksA esjs odhy vfuy nhoku Hkh ges”kk ;gh dgrs Fks] ^dqN ugha gksxkA ;fn rqe ,d&nks vQljksa dks Hkh idM+ok ikvks] rks lkSHkkX; le>ukA* Qjojh 1997 ds bafM;k VqMs esa mUgksua s dgk Hkh gS fd mUgsa bl dsl dh lQyrk ds ckjs esa langs FkkA ysfdu eSa bZ”oj Ñik ls MVk jgk] rks ,d u;k bfrgkl fy[kk x;kA dksbZ O;fDr vdsys dc rd yM+ ldrk gS\ mldh {kerk vkSj bPNk”kfDr esa mrkj&p<+ko vkrs jgrs gSAa eSa Hkh “kk;n bruk MVk u jgrk] vxj dqN [kkl yksxksa us eq>s jkr&fnu enn u dh gksrhA bl ekeys es]a eSa Js; vius lg;ksxh jtuh”k diwj] viuh iRuh ehrk ukjk;.k] nksuksa NksVs cPpksa vtht ukjk;.k o bZf”kr ukjk;.k] ekrk&firk] dkuwuh lykgdkj oh-dsvksgjh] iafMr th o vius eqëhHkj lg;ksfx;ksa dks nsuk pkgrk gw¡] ftUgksua s yxkrkj bl la?k’kZ esa lkFk fn;k vkSj MVs jgsA d”ehj ds ,d lar dh Hkwfedk Hkh mYys[kuh; jgh] ftUgksua s la?k’kZ ds nkSjku eq>s yxkrkj izkRs lkfgr fd;kA gokyk la?k’kZ ds ckjs esa ns”k ds ckdh yksxksa dks tkudkjh fey lds] bl mís”; ls dqN izdk”kdks]a lg;ksfx;ksa o fe=ksa us ckj&ckj eq>ls iqLrd fy[kus dks dgkA eSa Vkyrk jgk] D;ksfa d iqLrd fy[kus ds fy, eq>s og lc crkuk iM+rk tks eSa bu o’kks± esa Hkksxrk vk;k gw¡A vkykspd bls vkReiz”kalkxku dgrs vkSj eq>esa feF;k vgadkj tkxzr gks tkrkA blfy, eSa tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn& gokyk dkaM ij iqLrd fy[kus ls cp jgk FkkA ij lg;ksxh yxkrkj ihNs iM+s jgsA mUgha fnukas fdj.k csnh] Vh-,u-”ks’ku] th-vkj-[kSjukj vkfn yxkrkj esjs ?kj vkSj n¶rj vkrs FksA fdj.k us Hkh vkxzg fd;k fd eSa ;g iqLrd fy[kwAa ftldk ifj.kke ;g iqLrd gSA blesa vHkh Hkh cgqr&dqN tksMk+ tk ldrk gSA cgqr lkjs jkspd izlx a blfy, 22

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

NksM+ fn, fd iqLrd cgqr eksVh u gks tk,A cgqr lkjs e”kgwj yksxksa ds fo’k; esa ,sls rF;ksa dk mYys[k ugha fd;k ftuls mudh Nfo u’V gksrh] D;ksfa d mUgksua s tks dqN dgk] og futh Lrj ij dgk FkkA vki tkurs gSa fd NksVs “kgjksa esa NksV& s NksVs ?kksVkys dh [kcj ncokus ds fy, tc vijkèkh eqg¡ ekaxh dher nsus dks rS;kj jgrs gS]a rks ftl dkaM us ntZuksa cM+s jktuhfrKksa o vQljksa dks bruh cqjh rjg fgykdj j[k fn;k gks] mlds fy, fdrus cM+& s cM+s vkSj dSl& s dSls izLrko vk, gksx a \s ,slh ?kVukvksa dks fy[kus dk dksbZ Qk;nk ugha gksrk] D;ksfa d blls ;qok ih<+h dks dksbZ izjs .kk ugha feyrhA tk¡p ,tsfa l;ksa us tk¡p esa D;k&D;k ykijokfg;ka dha vkSj muesa ls gjsd ds fy, mUgsa vHkh Hkh dSls idM+k tk ldrk gS] bldk Hkh lhfer mYys[k fd;k gSA lhfer blfy, fd dkuwu esa #fp u j[kus okys ikBdksa dks ;g mckÅ u yxsA bl iqLrd esa tks dqN dgk x;k gS] mlds dqN va”k dqN tulHkkvksa esa izLrqr dj pqdk gw¡A muls tqMs+ gj iz”u dk larqf’Viw.kZ mÙkj Hkh nsrk jgk gw¡A fQj Hkh ;fn ikBdksa dks dksbZ ftKklk gks ;k mudh dksbZ izfrfØ;k gks] rks os i= t:j fy[ksAa bl ns”k dh ekVh ls I;kj djus okys ukStoku lkfFk;ksa dks ;fn ;g iqLrd jk’Vª fuekZ.k ds fy, [kM+k dj ik,] rks “kk;n lHkh la?k’kZ”khy yksxksa dks gkfnZd izlUurk gksxhA lcls T;knk izlUurk rks mu gtkjksa vej “kghnksa dks gksxh] ftUgksua s ekr`Hkwfe dh lsok ds fy, viuh tokuh] viuk lq[k] viuk ifjokj rd dqckZu dj fn;k] rkfd gj Hkkjroklh [kq”kgky gks&blfy, ugha fd fufgr LokFkZ vkSj nyky eqYd ywVus esa tqVs jgsa vkSj vke vkneh cqfu;knh lqfoèkkvkssa ds fy, Hkh rjlrk jgsA fouhr ukjk;.k laiknd] dkypØ lekpkj C;wjks] ubZ fnYyh vineetnarain@hotmail.com

15 vxLr] 2011 ;g vklku ugha Fkk--- %

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

5 Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj vkradokn ls lkjh nqfu;k ijs”kku gSA blls fuiVus dk rjhdk fdlh dh le> esa ugha vk jgk gSA ij ;g ckr fcYdqy Li’V gks xbZ gS fd vkradokn ds fy, iSlk gokyk ds tfj, igq¡pk;k vkSj eqgS;k djk;k tkrk gSA ,sls es]a vkt nqfu;k /ku igq¡pkus ds gokyk pSuyksa dks ukdke djus dh vko”;drk xaHkhjrk ls eglwl dj jgh gSA vesfjdh jk’Vªifr dk Hkh ekuuk gS fd gokyk dkjksckfj;ksa ij fu;a=.k ik, cxSj vkradokn dks ugha jksdk tk ldrk gSA lkFk gh] ;g Hkh lp gS fd iSls ds cxSj cM+h vkradoknh ?kVuk,sa ugha ldrh gSAa blfy,] 11 flrEcj] 2001 ds geys ds rqjra ckn rRdkyhu jk’Vªifr tkWtZ cq”k us dgk fd vkradokn ds f[kykQ ns”k dk igyk geyk vkradokfn;ksa dks vkfFkZd lgk;rk nsus okyksa ds f[kykQ gksxkA blds rgr vkradokfn;ksa dks leFkZu nsus okys vkfFkZd <k¡pksa dks ckf/kr vkSj lekIr djus ls de dqN ugha FkkA 11 flrEcj] 2001 ds ckn ls vesfjdk us bl fn”kk esa mYys[kuh; dk;Zokgh dh gS vkSj blds fy, vius dkuwu esa nks ckj la”kks/ku fd, gSAa rkfd vkradokfn;ksa dks /ku nsus ds f[kykQ dk;Zokgh djuk vklku gks ldsA vesfjdk us lkjh nqfu;k esa bl fn”kk esa dke fd;k gS ftlls bl rjg dh xfrfof/k;k¡ fu;af=r dh tk ldsAa vesfjdk us blds fy, futh {ks= vkSj varjkZ’Vªh; leqnk; ls Hkh rkyesy fd;k gS rkfd vkradokfn;ksa dks /ku feyuk vkSj ,d LFkku ls nwljs LFkku /ku igq¡pkuk eqf”dy gks tk,A vU; ns”kksa vkSj varjkZ’Vªh; laLFkkvksa ds lg;ksx ls vesfjdk us 139 fefy;u MkWyj ds QaM vkSj 60 fefy;u MkWyj dh ifjlaifŸk;k¡ tCr djus dk usr`Ro fd;k gSA 315 O;fDr;ksa vkSj laxBuksa dh igpku ^Lisf”k;yh MsftxusVM s Xykscy Vsjfs jLV* ¼,lMhthVh½ ds Hkz’Vkpkj vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj %

:i esa dh gS vkSj ,slk baVjus”kuy bejtsl a h bdksukWfed ikolZ ,DV ds rgr fd;k x;k gSA ij Hkkjr esa ,slk dqN Hkh ugha fd;k x;kA njvly gokyk pSuyksa ds tfj, cM+s iSekus ij /ku ck¡Vus dk ;g ,d cM+k ekeyk 1993 esa gekjs lkeus vk;k FkkA bles 115 izHkko”kkyh yksxksa dks yanu vkSj nqcbZ ds ftl xSjdkuwuh gokyk lzkrs ls iSls feyus dk vkjksi Fkk] ogh lzkrs d”ehj ds vkradokfn;ksa dks Hkh iSls nsrk FkkA d”ehj ds vkradokfn;ksa dks iSlk igq¡pkus ds fdlh Hkh ekeys dh xEHkhj tk¡p vius vki gks tkuh pkfg, FkhA ij ml ij ns”k ds reke ljdkjh foHkkxksa ds vf/kdkjh pqIih lk/ks cSBs jgsA bruk gh ugha] tc bl ekeys dk [kqyklk gks x;k vkSj dk;Zokgh ds fy, ncko iM+k] rc Hkh dqN ugha gqvkA ;gk¡ rd fd lqizhe dksVZ esa tufgr ;kfpdk nk;j fd, tkus vkSj U;kf;d lfØ;rk ds rFkkdfFkr Hkkjh “kksj ds ckotwn varr% dqN Hkh ugha gqvkA fygktk vkradokfn;ksa dks iSls nsus okys lzkrs ksa rd ugha igq¡pk tk ldkA iqLrd ds bl laikfnr :i dks Ik<+dj vki tku ldsx a s fd bl ekeys dh Bhd ls tk¡p dh tkrh rks ns”k esa vkradokn vkSj Hkz’Vkpkj bl gn rd ugha c<+rkA vke vkneh ;k NksVs O;kikjh&m|eh dks ftu lcwrksa ds vk/kkj ij eghuksa ijs”kku fd;k tkrk gS] mUgha lcwrksa dks vius ekeys esa ;s yksx lcwr gh ugha ekursA viuh xnZu Qalrh ns[k bu cM+s yksxksa dks Hkz’Vkpkj vkSj vkradokn tSls xEHkhj ekeys dh Hkh fpark ugha jghA lŸkk/kh”k bl ekeys dks nckdj pqi cSBs gSAa bruk gh ugha] dbZ cM+s usrkvksa us Hkh viuh vkRedFkkvksa vkSj c;kuksa esa tSu gokyk dkaM ls lEcfU/kr rF;ksa dks rksM& + ejksM+ dj is”k fd;k gSA rkfd turk dh vk¡[kksa esa /kwy >kSd a h tk ldsA nwljh vksj fiNys dqN o’kksZa esa ,slh dbZ ?kVuk,sa gqbZa gSa ftlls bl ekeys ls tqMs+ dbZ rF; mtkxj gq, gSa vkSj ;g rF; ckj&ckj fl) gqvk gS fd tSu gokyk 26

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

dkaM dks le>us vkSj lqy>kus ls Hkz’Vkpkj vkSj vkradokn dks [kRe djus esa lgk;rk fey ldrh gSA bruk gh ugha] 11 flrEcj] 2001 dks U;w;kWdZ esa oYMZ VªM s laVs j ds nks Vkojksa dks fxjkus dh ?kVuk ds ckn ls nqfu;kHkj ds dbZ ns”kksa esa lŸkk ds f”k[kj ij cSBs yksxksa us bl ekeys dks foLrkj ls tkuus dh mRlqdrk trkbZA D;ksfa d blds fy, iSls eqgS;k djkus dk ^gokyk* rjhdk ppkZ esa vk;k FkkA ;gk¡ ge ^gokyk* D;k gS\ dSls dke djrk gS vkSj ;g a As ge flQZ oS/k rjhdk gS ;k voS/k\ blds foLrkj esa ugha tk,sx 1993 esa Hkkjr esa lkeus vk, tSu vkradokn gokyk dkaM dh ppkZ djsx a As D;ksfa d gekjk ekuuk gS fd blls vkradokn ds fy, /ku eqgS;k djkus ds lzkrs rd igq¡pk tk ldrk gSA ij vkradoknh ?kVukvksa dks vatke nsus ds fy, yk[kks& a djksMk+ as MkWyj ds [kpZ djus okys] dqN iSls ukSdj”kkgksa vkSj jktuhfrKksa dks Hkh ck¡Vdj ,d vHks| dop dk fuekZ.k dj ysrs gSa vkSj bl dop dh iksy [kksyuk oDr dh t:jr gSA ;g Li’V gks pqdk gS fd vUrjkZ’Vªh; Lrj ij /ku igq¡pkus dk gokyk okyk rjhdk oS/k gks ;k voS/k] vkradokfn;ksa ds fy, lcls eqQhn gSA D;ksfa d ;g fo”okl vkSj udnh ij vk/kkfjr iz.kkyh gS vkSj blesa dksbZ dkxth lcwr yxHkx ugha jgrkA vxj bls jksd fn;k tk, ;k bl ij l[rh dh tk, rks vkradoknh ?kVukvksa ds fy, /ku nsus okys idM+s tk ldsx a s ;k ml lzkrs rd igq¡pk tk ldsxkA ftlls lkjh nqfu;k dks jkgr feysxhA ;kn jgs] ge ftl tSu vkradokn gokyk dkaM dh ckr dj jgs gS]a mlesa dkQh lcwr feys FksA mlds vk/kkj ij Nkisekjh gqbZ Fkh vkSj vkxs dh dM+h feyh FkhA ij ;g dM+h bruh etcwr Fkh vkSj izHkko”kkyh yksxksa ls tqMh+ Fkh fd tk¡p djus okyh lh-ch-vkbZ- ds gkFkiSj Qwy x;sA

Hkz’Vkpkj vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj %

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

6 D;k gS tSu gokyk dkaM\ vDlj ;g iz”u iwNk tkrk gS fd gokyk ?kksVkyk gS D;k\ rks bldk ljy lk mÙkj gS fd ns”k ds izeq[k usrkvksa o vQljksa dks voS/k :i ls djksMk+ as :i, dk Hkqxrku ftu lzkrs ksa ls gks jgk Fkk mUgha lzkrs ksa ls d”ehj ds vkradokfn;ks dks Hkh iSlk igq¡p jgk FkkA ;s iSlk yanu ls MkW- v;wc Bkdqj vkSj nqcbZ ls rkfjd HkkbZ] fnYyh ds tSu ca/ kqvksa dh ekQZr Hkst jgs FksA d”ehj ds nks vkradokfn;ksa dh fnYyh esa fxj¶rkjh ds ckn tc dbZ lzkrs ksa ij lhchvkbZ Nkis ekjrh gqbZ tSu ca/kqvksa rd igq¡ph rks mls fons”kh eqnkz ds vykok djksMk+ as :i, ds voS/k ysu&nsu dk fglkc Hkh feykA ftUgsa vc tSu Mk;fj;ksa ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA bu [kkrksa dks ns[kdj lh-ch-vkbZ- okys nax jg x,A D;ksfa d ns”k ds gqDejkuksa vkSj foi{k ds usrkvksa rd ds uke voS/k iSlk ikus okyksa esa FksA tkfgju Åijh ncko ls ekeys dks 3 ebZ 1991 dks ogha nck fn;k x;kA fdlh dks dkuks& a dku [kcj ugha gqbZA lkjk ekeyk rc mBk tc bl ekeys dks mtkxj djus okyh gekjh dkypØ ohfM;ks dSlVs ij lsl a j dk izfrca/k yxk fn;k x;k vkSj ge ekeys dh tkap dh ekax dks ysdj loksZPp vnkyr dh “kj.k esa x,A ckn esa ;gh gokyk dkaM ds uke ls e”kgwj gqvkA bl ekeys dh “kq#vkr 25 ekpZ 1991 dks gqbZA ml fnu iqjkuh fnYyh esa tek;r&,&bLykeh ds eq[;ky; ls fgtcqy eqtkfgíhu dk ^[kqfQ;k mi izeq[k* v”kQkd gqlus yksu fxj¶rkj fd;k x;k FkkA mlds ikl ls d”ehjh mxzoknh xqVksa dks nh tkus okyh Hkkjh jkf”k cjken dh xbZA nks fnu ckn tokgjyky usg: fo”ofo|ky;] ubZ fnYyh dk ,d Nk= “kgkcqíhu xksjh Hkh blh ekeys esa fxj¶rkj fd;k x;kA mlds ikl ls Hkh yk[kksa #i, ds cSd a Mªk¶V o udnh cjken gqb]Z tks D;k gS tSu gokyk dkaM\ %

d”ehj ds vkradokfn;ksa dks Hksth tk jgh FkhA bu nksukas dh fxj¶rkjh ds ckn feys lqjkx ls ik¡p gokyk Mhyjksa dh fxj¶rkjh gqbAZa buesa eqEcbZ dk ,d ewypan “kkg Hkh Fkk ¼og ckn esa gq, eqca bZ ce foLQksV ds ekeys esa Hkh fxj¶rkj fd;k x;k½A bu ik¡p Mhyjksa ls izkIr lwpukvksa ds vkèkkj ij lh-ch-vkbZ- us 3 ebZ 1991 dks 20 LFkkuksa ij ,d lkFk Nkik ekjkA buesa fHkykbZ bathfu;fjax dkWjiksj”s ku ds izcèa k funs”kd lqjnas z dqekj tSu ds fj”rs ds HkkbZ ts-ds-tSu dk dk;kZy; vkSj fjgk;”kh ifjlj Hkh FksA ts-ds- tSu lqjnas z tSu ds fy, dke djrk Fkk vkSj mlls feyh lwpukvksa ds vkèkkj ij lh-ch-vkbZ- us 3 ebZ 1991 dks lqjnas z tSu ds nf{k.k fnYyh esa esgjkSyh fLFkr QkeZ gkml ij Nkik ekjkA ryk”kh ds nkSjku fcuk fglkc&fdrkc dh 93]52]755 #i, dh udnh] 3]69]307 #i, dh fons”kh eqnzk] lk<s+ 10 yk[k #i, ds bafnjk fodkl i= vkSj 4]430 fdyksxkz e lksuk tSu caèkqvksa o ik¡p vyx&vyx LFkkuksa ls cjken gq,A ts-ds- tSu ds ?kj vkSj mlds ekfyd lqjnas z tSu ds nf{k.k fnYyh fLFkr vkyh”kku QkeZgkml ls 58]09]100 #i, dh udnh] 10]50]100 #i, ewY; ds bafnjk fodkl i= vkSj fons”kh eqnzk,as tSls 593 vesfjdh MkWyj] 300 ikmaM] 2700 MsuekdZ] 50]000 gkaxdkax dh eqnzk] 300 ÝSd a vkSj 50 vU; ns”kksa dh eqnzk,as cjken gq,A dq[;kr gks pqdh tSu Mk;jh vkSj [kkrk iqLrdsa Hkh ts-ds- tSu ds ?kj ls cjken gqbZ FkhaA bu [kkrk iqLrdksa esa ns”k ds 115 lcls rkdroj usrkvksa vkSj vkyk vQljksa ds uke yk[kks& a djksMk+ as #i, ds Hkqxrku ds foLr`r C;kSjs ntZ FksA bls ns[kdj lh-ch-vkbZ- ds vkyk vQljksa ds gks”k mM+ x, vkSj bl ekeys dh tk¡p QkSju BaMs cLrs esa Mky nh xbZA xkSjryc gS fd yksu o xksjh ds f[kykQ rks pktZ“khV rS;kj dh xbZ] ij mlesa tkucw> dj 3 ebZ 1991 dh tfCr;ksa vkSj muds egÙo dk 30

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

dksbZ ftØ ugha fd;k x;k Fkk] rkfd tSu caèkqvksa o mYysf[kr usrkvksa dks cpk;k tk ldsA bl chp bl ekeys dh tk¡p djus okyss lh-ch-vkbZ- ds MhvkbZ-thvks-ih- “kekZ dks 16 twu 1991 dks tSu caèkqvksa ls nl yk[k #i, dh fj”or ysus ds vkjksi esa eqvÙky dj fn;k x;kA ml oDr bl dkaM dks ncokus okyksa esa lcls izeq[k Hkwfedk lh-ch-vkbZ- ds rRdkyhu funs”kd dh jghA bl rjg lkQ gS fd tSu caèkqvksa vkSj mudh [kkrk iqLrdksa esa mfYyf[kr Hkqxrku ik, yksxksa ds f[kykQ dkjZokbZ dk dksbZ ekeyk gh ugha cuk;k x;kA vkradokn ls tqMs+ ftu O;fDr;ksa dh fxj¶rkjh ds ckn lh-ch-vkbZ- tSu ca/kqvksa rd igq¡ph Fkh] vxj bldk vglkl gksus ds ckotwn Hkh mlds rRdkyhu funs”kd fot;dj.k dks tSu ca/kqvksa dh [kkrk iqLrdksa dh vgfe;r le> esa ugha vk;h] rks ;g mudk ^Hkksykiu* Fkk ;k dqN vkSj \ lh-ch-vkbZ- ds funs”kd [kwc le> jgs Fks fd ekeyk foLQksVd gSA blhfy, mUgksua s bls BaMs cLrs esa Mkyus dh dksf”k”k dhA tSu caèkqvksa ds ;gk¡ tks lkexzh cjken gqbZ] og ns”k ds dbZ dkuwuksa dk Li’V mYya?ku dj ogk¡ igq¡ph ;k j[kh xbZ FkhA blds ckotwn ns”k dh egÙoiw.kZ tk¡p ,tsl a h lh-ch-vkbZ- us jk’Vªfgr esa dksbZ izHkko”kkyh dkjZokbZ ugha dhA bl rjg tSu gokyk ?kksVkyk fons”kh lzkrs ksas ls voSèk <ax ls iSlk izkIr dj d”ehjh mxzokfn;ksa dks nsus dk ekeyk rks Fkk gh] eè; izn”s k ds fHkykbZ bathfu;fjax dkWjiksj”s ku ds ekfyd lqjnas z dqekj tSu }kjk vius O;kolkf;d mís”;kssa dh iwfrZ vkSj lk[k cukus ds fy, izHkko”kkyh jktuhfrKksa vkSj vQljksa dks fj”or nsus dk Hkh ekeyk FkkA fparktud ckr ;g gS fd ns”k ds vkyk eaf=;ks]a usrkvks]a vQljksa vkSj d”ehj ds vkradokfn;kas ds fy, iSlk ,d gh lzkrs ksa ls vkrk Fkk] ftuds drkZèkrkZ nqcbZ vkSj yanu esa cSBs gSAa d”ehjh mxzokfn;ksa dks ftu lzkrs ksa ls iSlk feyrk Fkk] mUgha lzkrs ksa ls iSlk ikus okykas dh ,d lwph 12 uoEcj 1994 esa lektoknh D;k gS tSu gokyk dkaM\ %

usrk eèkq fye;s us fuf[ky pØorhZ }kjk laikfnr if=dk esuLVªhe esa izdkf”kr dh FkhA dkypØ }kjk gokyk la?k’kZ “kq: djus ds 17 eghus ckn gh lgh] ij bl izdkf”kr ys[k ls gesa tutkxj.k ds dke esa cgqr enn feyhA lwph bl izdkj Fkh& ¼d½ jktuhfrd [kpZ ¼jktuhfrKksa vkSj jktuhfrd nyksa dks Hkqxrku½ Ø-la - lacafèkr O;fä ny@igpku jkf”k yk[k #-esa 1dYiukFk jk; dkaxl zs ¼ba½ 71-50 2cyjke tk[kM+ dsna zh; ea=h 83-24 3ih- f”ko”kadj dkaxl zs ¼ba½ 26-94 4lh-ds- tkQj “kjhQ dkaxzl s ¼ba½ 15-00 5,uMh frokjh dkaxl zs ¼ba½ 25-88 6vftr ikatk dkaxl zs ¼ba½ 5-00 7cwVk flag dsna zh; ea=h 7-50 8,y-ih- “kkgh dkaxzl s ¼ba½ 5-50 9yfyr lwjh m|eh 1050-00 ¼dkaxl zs ba ds fy,½ 10v#.k usg: iwoZ ea=h 35-00 11vkfjQ eqgEen [kka iwoZ ea=h 749-86 12oh-lh- “kqDy dsna zh; ea=h 80-85 13uVoj flag dkaxl zs ¼ba½ 23-00 14fpeuHkkbZ iVsy 200-00 iwoZ eq[;ea=h] xqtjkr 15ekèko jko flafèk;k dsna zh; ea=h 100-00 16deyukFk dans zh; ea=h 22-00 17;”koar flUgk Hkktik usrk 21-18 18nsoh yky iwoZ mi&izèkkuea=h 50-00 19enuyky [kqjkuk 3-00 Hkktik] iw- eq[;ea=h fnYyh 32

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

202122232425 2627282930313233343536373839404142434445-

,y-ds- vkMok.kh 60-00 Ñ’.kk “kkgh iw-dsna zh; ea=h 2-00 panzthr ;kno lerk ikVhZ 3-00 “kjn ;kno turk ny 5-00 vkj-ds- èkou dsna zh; ea=h 50-00 oh-ds- eYgks=k Hkktik 1-00 rktnkj ckcj dkaxl zs ¼ba½ 1-00 eksrhyky oksjk dkaxl zs ¼ba½ 11-00 vtqZu flag dkaxl zs ¼ba½ 10-50 ,l-lh- “kqDy dkaxzl s ¼ba½ ¼e-iz-½ 5-00 dSyk”k tks”kh Hkktik 10-00 iq#’kksÙke dkSf”kd 1-00 turk ikVhZ ¼e-iz-½ vjfoan usrke dsna zh; ea=h 0-60 txnhi èkudM+ iwoZ ea=h 5-25 jfo vk;Z 0-25 izes izdk”k ik.Ms; Hkktik] fHkykbZ 0-25 lR;u pan xqfM+;k 2-00 dkaxl zs ¼ba½ ¼m-iz-½ ja.kthr flag nsohyky ds csVs 15-00 iznhi flag nsohyky ds iksrk 14-63 ,l-vkj- cksEebZ turk ny 52-00 ,tkt bYeh 3-00 v”kksd dqekj lsu iwoZ ea=h 20-00 dY;k.k flag dkYoh 95-00 iw- dsna zh; ea=h] ltik ch-Mh- <dus f”ko lsuk 10-00 jktho xkaèkh iwoZ izèkkuea=h 200-00 pkan jke dkaxl zs ¼ba½ 0-60 D;k gS tSu gokyk dkaM\ %

46474849505152535455-

gjeksgu èkou ltik iz.ko eq[kthZ dsna zh; ea=h ,-vkj- varqys dsna zh; ea=h fnus”k flag dkaxzl s ¼ba½ vkj- xaqMw jko dkaxzl s ¼ba½ ,e-Mh- cSjkxh dkaxzl s ¼ba½ ,e-ts- vdcj dkaxzl s ¼ba½ txUukFk igkfM+;k dkaxzl s ¼ba½ pany w ky panzkdj dkaxl zs ¼ba½ jkts”k ik;yV dans zh; ea=h

110-00 10-00 10-00 10-00 15-00 2-00 5-00 5-00 5-00 10-00

¼[k½ foHkkxh; [kpZ ¼ljdkjh@lkoZ t fud {ks = ds deZpkfj;ksa dks Hkqxrku½ 1ih-,l- ckeh vè;{k] ,u-Vh-ih-lh32-50 2izdk”k HkkfV;k nqxkZiqj LVhy IykaV 58-02 3,e-ih- ukjk;.k vè;{k] dksy bafM;k 39-50 4lh-,u- Lokeh ,u-Vh-ih-lh3-00 5,l-lh- ikjs[k ,u-Vh-ih-lh7-00 6oh- d`’.kewfrZ ps;jeSu] lsy 90-00 7vkj-ds- ukjk;.k lhbZ, 8-00 8oh-ds- [kUuk]la;qä lfpo] ÅtkZ foHkkx 7-50 9oh- lqna j jktu ,u-Vh-ih-lh10-00 10th- osd a Vjkeu ,u-Vh-ih-lh12-00 11èkkaMh ¼\½ ,e-,l-bZ-ch10-00 12,e,y efyd ,u-Vh-ih-lh4-00 13vks-ih- “kekZ 1-20 xqtjkr ds eq[;ea=h ds laidZ vfèkdkjh 14,e-,- gbZ ,u-,p-ih-lh- 1-00 34

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

15-

,e-,y- f”k”kq

,u-Vh-ih-lh-

6-00

vU; [kpZ ¼ifjokj ds lnL;ksa] fe=ksa o vU; O;kikfjd lg;ksfx;ksa dks Hkqxrku½ 1chdks fHkykbZ bathfu;fjax daiuh 11-32 2tSdc eFkkbZ ,YlFkWke ¼Ýsp a daiuh½ 26-50 3,l-,l- laèkw tSu ds fe= 54-91 4áaqMbZ ¼\½ nf{k.k dksfj;kbZ dkj daiuh 3-75 5,e- Hkêkpk;Z ,f”k;k czkmu cksojs h 1-00 6jsos ykWu ,YlFkkWe ds ,DthD;wfVo10-00 7jktu tSu caèkqvksa ds deZpkjh 1-00 8uk;j ]] ]] ]] ]] 0-50 9ch-vkj- tSu tSu Hkkb;ksa esa lcls cM+s 117-00 10,-,u- dqekj 5-00 11,u-ds- tSu tSu ifjokj ds lnL; 168-00 12,l-ds- tSu ]] 215-85 13Ñ’.k tSu ]] 5-00 14eqdqy tSu ]] 312-75 15vkj-lh- feÙky 6-00 16t;pan xqIrk 40-00 17ds-,u- nÙkk 4-50 18ih- ?kks”kky 10-00 19txeksgu Mkxk 11-35 20ih- jacy MSfu;y 19-00 21Mh-ds- xqgk 8-00 22Vh-Vh- HkkfV;k 0-80

D;k gS tSu gokyk dkaM\ %

ftudh igpku ugha gqbZ 1oh 2cSty 3,l-ih-,l4,p-,u5jk?kou 6ch- yky 7,e-,l-bZ-ch8,u-Vh-ih-lh9ds-ds10lkyxks 11psUubZ 12vks>k 13jkexqìk 14ch-ts-ih15nqxZ 16eghi 17,e-,y-,- nqxZ 18ch-lh19Mh-,e20vkj-vkj21,l 22,p-ds-ds23fofoèk

1-00 1-00 3-00 0-50 1-00 4-00 5-00 1-00 30-00 11-50 50-00 25-00 0-50 3-00 2-00 2-00 0-25 110-00 0-50 5-00 2-0 2-37 7-75

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM esa vkjksfir jgs jktusrkvksa us ;g izpkj fd;k fd dksbZ Hkh vius [kkrs esa fdlh Hkh O;fDr dk uke fy[k ldrk gSA bldk vFkZ ;g rks ugha fudkyk tk ldrk fd mu yksxksa us] ftudk uke [kkrksa esa ntZ gS] dksbZ iSlk fy;k gSA dqN usrk ?kcjk, gq, gels iwNrs Fks fd ftudk uke iSlk ysus ds ekeys esa mNy jgk gS] muds f[kykQ gekjs ikl D;k lcwr gS\ dqN usrk ;g rdZ nsrs gSa fd lalnh; pquko ds fy, ikVhZ dks fn, x, pans dks fj”or dh laKk dSls nh tk ldrh gS\ blfy, ;gk¡ dqN rF; tkuuk t:jh gSA & ikBdksa dks ekywe gksxk fd vk;dj foHkkx ds vfèkdkfj;ksa dks ;fn fdlh O;kikjh ds ;gk¡ Nkis ds nkSjku dPps fglkc ;k uacj nks ds fglkc dk dksbZ gLrfyf[kr ipkZ Hkh fey tkrk gS] rks mls crkSj lcwr bLrseky fd;k tkrk gSA fQj tSu caèkqvksa ds ?kj ls tks cjken gqvk] og dksbZ ipkZ ugha] cfYd uacj nks ds ckdk;nk fy[ks x, [kkrs gSAa fQj mUgsa lcwr D;ksa ugha ekuk x;k\ D;k bl ns”k esa nks rjg ds ekinaM gS& a ,d lkekU; ukxfjdksa ds fy, vkSj nwljk usrkvksa vkSj vQljksa ds fy,\ & 3 ebZ 1991 dks lqjnas z tSu ds QkeZ gkml ij lh-ch-vkbZus tks Nkik Mkyk Fkk] og VkMk ds rgr idM+s x, d”ehjh ukStokuksa vkSj ntZuksa gokyk dkjksckfj;ksa dh f”kuk[r ij Mkyk x;k FkkA D;ksfas d bu yksxksa dk vkradokfn;ksa dks iSlk nsus okyksa ls fu;fer ysu&nsu FkkA rc fQj ,slk D;k gqvk fd tSu caèkqvksa ds [kkrksa ds vkèkkj ij usrkvksa ds ?kj ij Nkis ugha Mkys x, \ VkMk dkuwu dh tkudkjh j[kus okys tkurs gSa fd bl Mk;jh ds feyus ds ckn] tSu caèkqvksa ds f[kykQ vkSj muds [kkrksa esa ntZ usrkvksa vkSj vQljksa ds f[kykQ VkMk ds rgr eqdnes ntZ fd, tkus pkfg, Fks] ij lh-chvkbZ- ds rRdkyhu funs”kd o vU; vfèkdkfj;ksa dh feyhHkxr ds dkj.k ,slk ugha fd;k x;kA D;k gS tSu gokyk dkaM\ %

& vke rkSj ij vkijkfèkd ekeyksa dh fdlh Hkh tk¡p&iM+rky esa ;fn dksbZ ,slk lcwr feyrk gS] tSlk fd tSu ds [kkrs Fks] rks ,sls lcwrksa ds vkèkkj ij vkSj Nkis ekjdj bu lcwrksa dh izkekf.kdrk dh iqf’V dh tkrh gSA Bhd ,slk gh rc gqvk Fkk] tc fnYyh vkSj eqEcbZ ds gokyk dkjksckfj;ksa dh lwpuk ds vkèkkj ij ebZ 1991 esa tSu caèkqvksa ds ;gk¡ Nkik Mkyk x;k FkkA ;fn tSu caèkqvksa ls izkIr [kkrksa ds vkèkkj ij muesa ntZ usrkvksa vkSj vQljksa ds ?kj Nkis ekjs tkrs] rks reke ,sls lcwr vkSj tkudkfj;k¡ feyrha fd ns”k fgy tkrkA ij lkQ gS fd lh-ch-vkbZ- dks vius vèkhu j[kus okys rRdkyhu izèkkuea=h us bldh vuqefr ugha nhA gekjh ;kfpdk vkSj loksZPp U;k;ky; ds ncko es]a cgqr ckn es& a 1995 es]a bl dsl ds lanHkZ esa lh-ch-vkbZ- us vkfjQ eqgEen [kk¡] yfyr lwjh vkSj nsohyky ds ikS= ds ?kj tks Nkis Mkys Fks] os [kkukiwfrZ ls T;knk dqN ugha FkhA fQj Hkh muesa pkSd a kus okyh cjkenfx;k¡ gqbZa FkhaA & lk{; vfèkfu;e dh èkkjk 34 ds varxZr [kkrk iqLrdksa esa ntZ izfof’V;ksa dks O;kikfjd izfof’V;ksa dk ntkZ izkIr gSA Qsjk dh èkkjk 72 esa ;g izkoèkku gS fd bl rjg ds Nkiksa esa cjken [kkrk iqLrdksa dh izfof’V;ksa dh lR;rk fl) djus dk dke vkjksih dk gh gSA flQZ [k.Mu djus ls dke ugha pysxkA bldk vFkZ ;g gqvk fd izfof’V;ksa dh lR;rk fl) u dj ikus dh n”kk esa vkjksih dks VkMk dh èkkjk 21 vkSj 15 ds rgr vkradokfn;ksa dks iSlk nsus dh lkft”k esa ltk gks ldrh gSA & bl lanHkZ esa ,d egRoiw.kZ rF; ;g Hkh gS fd vijkèk fujksèkd vfèkfu;e] 1988 ds varxZr laln lnL; Hkh tulsod gSAa U;k;ky; us ;g ckr Li’V dj nh gSA blfy, bl Mk;jh dks vkèkkj cukdj Hkz’Vkpkj fujksèkd dkuwu ds rgr Hkh vkxs dh tk¡p gksuh Fkh] tks vkt rd ugha dh xbZA D;k vkius vkt rd dHkh lquk gS fd fj”or nsus okyk rks fxj¶rkj gks vkSj ysus okyk NksM+ fn;k tk,] ij lh-ch-vkbZ- ds vQljksa us gokyk dsl esa ;g Hkh dj fn[kk;kA fj”or 38

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

nsus ds vkjksi esa tSu caèkqvksa dks rks fxj¶rkj fd;k x;k] ij fj”or ysus okys jktusrkvksa vkSj vQljksa dks fxj¶rkj djus dh mudh fgEer ugha gqbZA blhfy, tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM ls tqMs+ Hkz’Vkpkj ds ekeyksa esa usrk cjh gksrs x,] vxj dksbZ dkuwu ds eqrkfcd tk¡p gh u djuk pkgs rks blesa tSu Mk;jh dk D;k nks’k\ & fnYyh ds vfèkoDrk oh-dsvksgjh us bl lanHkZ esa vxLr 1993 esa gh dkypØ ohfM;ks eSxthu esa Vh-oh- dSejs ij dgk Fkk fd] ^esjh odkyr ds fiNys ianzg o’kks± ds nkSjku eSua s gtkjksa yksxksa dks VkMk] Qsjk] dksQis kslk vkSj vijkèk fujksèkd dkuwu ds rgr tsy tkrs ns[kk gS] tcfd muds f[kykQ tks lcwr miyCèk gksrs gS]a os tSu caèkqvksa ds ekeys esa miyCèk lcwrksa dk ,d Qhlnh Hkh ugha gksrAs rc bl ekeys esa fyIr tSu caèkqvks]a vQljksa vkSj usrkvksa dks fxj¶rkj D;ksa ugha fd;k x;k] D;k muds fy, dksbZ vyx dkuwu gS\* & ;gk¡ ;g crk nsuk t:jh gS fd lqizhe dksVZ us bl Mk;jh dh vgfe;r le> dj gh fnlEcj 1993 esa bl ekeys dks tk¡p ds fy, Lohdkj fd;k Fkk rFkk lh-ch-vkbZ- dks bl ekeys ls tqMs+ vkSj rF;ksa dk irk yxkus dk vkns”k fn;k FkkA & lqizhe dksVZ us bl Mk;jh dh vgfe;r le>dj gh bu nLrkostksa dks ,d lhycan fyQkQs esa j[kdj U;k;ky; ds ikl tek djus ds vkns”k fn,A vkijkfèkd ekeys dh fdlh tk¡p ds nkSjku Nkis esa cjken nLrkostksa dks lqj{kk dh n`f’V ls U;k;ky; esa tek djkus dh ;g igyh ?kVuk FkhA bruk gh ugha] bu nLrkostksa dks j[kus okys ykWdjksa dh pkfc;ksa dh lqj{kk dh Hkh loksZPp U;k;ky; us ekdwy O;oLFkk dh FkhA tkfgj gS fd bu nLrkostksa dk bl dsl ds fy, Hkkjh egÙo gSA fQj ;s lcwr dSls ugha gSa \ & bl dsl dh lquokbZ ds nkSjku lh-ch-vkbZ- dh lhekvksa dks eglwl djrs gq, o bl Mk;jh dh vgfe;r le> dj gh lqizhe dksVZ us gokyk dsl dh tk¡p dks ik¡p odhyksa dh ,d fuxjkuh D;k gS tSu gokyk dkaM\ %

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

lfefr dks lkSia us dk yxHkx eu cuk fy;k FkkA ij Hkkjr ljdkj ds odhy dh iSjoh vkSj tk¡p ,tsfa l;kas dh rjQ ls bZekunkjh ls Bhd tk¡p djus dk vk”oklu feyus ds ckn lh-ch-vkbZ- o vU; ,tsfa l;ksa dks miyCèk rF;ksa ds vkèkkj ij tk¡p djus ds vkns”k fn, FksA blh ls fl) gksrk gS fd ;s Mk;fj;k¡ fdruh egÙoiw.kZ gSAa & ;s Mk;fj;k¡ lkèkkj.k ugha gSAa fglkc&fdrkc j[kus o fu;fer :i ls fy[kh tkus okyh ;s Mk;fj;k¡ ckdk;nk ^[kkrk iqLrds*a gSAa ;s Mk;fj;k¡ tSu caèkqvksa ds ;gk¡ vpkud Mkys x, Nkis esa feyh FkhaA fdlh us lkft”ku ogk¡ ugha j[kh FkhaA jktusrkvksa ls tSu caèkqvksa ds laidZ txtkfgj gSAa tSu caèkq tSls yksxksa ls èku ysuk jktuhfrd nk;jksa esa dksbZ ubZ ckr ugha gSA pwfa d brus rkdroj yksxksa ls tSu caèkqvksa dk O;fDrxr lacèa k gS] blfy, os [okc esa Hkh mEehn ugha dj ldrs Fks fd muds ;gk¡ Hkh dHkh lh-ch-vkbZ- dk Nkik iM+ ldrk gSA blfy, os cs[kkSQ viuk dkjksckj pyk jgs Fks fd vpkud vkradokfn;ksa ds vkfFkZd lzkrs <w<+a r+ & s <+<aw r+ s lh-ch-vkbZokys muds ;gk¡ vk èkedsA tSu caèkqvksa dh fdlh ls nq”euh rks Fkh ugha tks os mldk uke vius [kkrs esa ntZ djrsA ftlls mudk tSlk ysuk&nsuk Fkk] oSlh gh izfof’V;k¡ bu [kkrksa esa ntZ gSAa ;gk¡ rd fd dbZ txg rks psd ls fd, x, Hkqxrku Hkh ntZ gS]a tks bu Mk;fj;ksa dh oSèkrk dks LFkkfir djrk gSA fQj fofHkUu nyksa ds dksbZ ntZu Hkj jktusrk Lohdkj dj pqds gSa fd muds uke ds lkeus tSu [kkrksa esa ntZ jde Bhd fy[kh xbZ gSA ;s jdesa mUgsa okdbZ tSu caèkqvksa ls feyh FkhaA lqjnas z tSu Hkh 11 ekpZ 1995 esa fn, x, vius foLr`r fyf[kr c;ku esa ;g ckr Lohdkj dj pqds gSAa & dSlk fojksèkkHkkl gS fd iSlk nsus okyk Lohdkj dj jgk gS] iSlk ysus okys Lohdkj dj jgs gS]a udnh vkSj fons”kh eqnzk Nkis esa cjken gks jgh gS] fQj Hkh bl iwjs voSèk ysu&nsu dk uacj nks esa fglkc j[kus okyh [kkrk iqLrdksa dks Hkz’Vkpkj ds eqdneksa esa ukdkQh D;k gS tSu gokyk dkaM\ %

lcwr crk dj eqdnek [kkfjt dj fn;k x;kA VkMk] Qsjk vkfn ds eqdnes gksuk vHkh ckdh gSAa & bu [kkrk iqLrdksa esa ntZ cgqr&lh jde rks 1989 o 1991 ds vke pqukoksa dh iwoZ&laè;k dks tSu caèkqvksa us ckaVh FkhA dkSu&lk jktuhfrd ny gS] tks viuh vkenuh&[kpZ dk lgh fglkc j[krk gks\ blfy, tks jktusrk bl dkaM dks vius fo#) ‘kM~;= a crkrs vk, gS]a njvly rks mUgksua s ns”k ds lkFk cgqr cM+h xíkjh dh gS] D;ksfa d vius LokFkZ esa mUgksua s vkradokn dks foÙkh; enn feyus dh tk¡p dks gh ncok fn;k vkSj vkradokn dh tM+ rd igq¡pus dk jkLrk fQygky can dj fn;kA & blds vykok] ;g rF; Hkh egÙoiw.kZ gS fd mxzokfn;ksa dks fons”kh lzkrs kaas ls èku feyus ds ekeys dh tk¡p ds nkSjku gh gokyk dkjksckjh “kaHkwn;ky “kekZ us tk¡pdrkZvksa dks crk;k fd og tSu caèkqvksa ls ysu&nsu djrk FkkA rHkh tSu caèkqvksa ds ;gk¡ Nkik iM+kA ij D;k otg gS fd Mk;fj;k¡ cjken gksus ds ckn tSu caèkqvksa ds f[kykQ dksbZ dkjZokbZ ugha dh xbZ] tcfd lkekU; rkSj ij ;g cgqr LokHkkfod ckr Fkh] lh-ch-vkbZ- dks ;g vfèkdkj fdlus fn;k fd og “kkgcqíhu xksjh vkSj v”kQkd gqlus yksu dks rks VkMk dk vijkèkh ekus] fdarq tSu caèkqvks]a muls iSlk ikus okys jktuhfrKksa vkSj ukSdj”kkgksa dks NksM+ ns\a tcfd eqEcbZ ce foLQksV dkaM esa lh-chvkbZ- us cgqr&ls yksxksa dks blls dgha de lcwr ds vkèkkj ij gh VkMk esa fxj¶rkj dj fy;k Fkk\ & 1995 esa tc vkfjQ eqgEen [kk¡] yfyr lwjh vkSj nsoh yky ds iksrs ds ;gk¡ Nkis ekjs x,] rks jktusrkvksa esa gM+dia ep x;kA vktkn Hkkjr ds bfrgkl esa ;g igyh ckj gqvk fd fdlh usrk ds ;gk¡ vkijkfèkd ekeyksa esa Nkik iM+kA vkfjQ eqgEen [kk¡ rc dkQh ckS[kyk, vkSj mUgksua s bu Nkiksa ds fojksèk esa vius lalnh; {ks= cgjkbp ls fnYyh rd dh ^lR;kxzg ;k=k* dhA ;g vyx ckr gS fd lR;kxzg “kq: djus okyss egkRek xkaèkh dh vkRek us bl ;k=k 42

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

ds ckjs esa D;k lkspk gksxkA 1995 esa tc Nkik iM+k rks tsojksa ls Hkjs vius cSd a YkkWdjksa dks vkfjQ HkkbZ us viuk ekuus ls badkj dj fn;k] ij 1999 esa mudh iRuh us vnkyr esa vthZ nh fd ;s csukeh cSd a ykWdj mudk gh gS vkSj mUgsa blesa tek tsoj lh-ch-vkbZ- ls okil fnyok fn, tk,aAs vk”p;Z gS fd bl rjg ds muds iz;kl ds ckn mu ij pkj&lkS&chlh o tulsodksa dks xqejkg dj viuh laifÙk cpkus ds bl dke ds fy, dsl D;ksa ugha ntZ fd;k x;k\ oSls vkfjQ [kku ds 1995 esa fd, x, ^lR;kxzg* ls Mj dj gh lh-ch-vkbZ- ds rRdkyhu funs”kd fot; jkekjko dh vkSj jktusrkvksa ds ?kj Nkis Mkyus dh fgEer ugha gqbZA Jh [kk¡ us fot; jkekjko dh laifÙk dh lwph tkjh dh Fkh] ftldh dksbZ tk¡p ugha dh xbZ] D;ks\a tkfgj gS fd lh-ch-vkbZ- funs”kd CySdesy gks x,A & ;gk¡ ;g ckr Hkh egÙoiw.kZ gS fd d”ehj ds vkradokfn;ksa dks enn ig¡qpkus okys] ftu nks ukStokuksa v”kQkd gqlus yksu vkSj “kkgcqíhu xkSjh dks] yk[kksa #i, ds lkFk ekpZ 1991 esa idM+k x;k Fkk] muds f[kykQ pktZ”khV esa lh-ch-vkbZ-okyksa us lkft”ku 3 ebZ 1991 dks gqbZ tfCr;ksa o Mk;fj;ksa dk ftØ ugha fd;k] D;ksa \ tkfgj gS fd ,slk djds lh-ch-vkbZ- dks vkxs Hkh tk¡p djuh iM+rh] ftlesa ns”k ds cM+& s cM+s usrkvksa ds ;gk¡ 1991 esa gh Nkis iM+ tkrs vkSj muesa ls cgqrksa dks tsy tkuk iM+rkA ,slh fgEer lh-ch-vkbZ- esa u rc Fkh u vkt gSA dqy feyk dj ckr lkQ gS fd tSu Mk;fj;k¡ dqN ekeyksa esa iwjk lcwr gSa vkSj dqN esa vkxs tk¡p dh t:jr gSA ij ;g ljklj xyr gS fd bl ekeys esa dksbZ lcwr gh ugha gS] blfy, usrk NwVrs x,A

D;k gS tSu gokyk dkaM\ %

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

7 dSls feyh tSu Mk;jh vkSj dSls cuh [kksth fjiksVZ\ 70 lky ds lR;sna z dqekj tSu nf{k.k fnYyh ds lQnjtax MsoyiesVa ,fj;k fLFkr dkypØ lekpkj VªLV ds n¶rj fu;fer :i ls vkus okys yksxksa esa FksA dHkh] budk vPNk&[kklk O;kikj Fkk vkSj mudk dguk gksrk Fkk fd ikfjokfjd >xM+kas vkSj ifjfLFkfr;ksa dh ekj us mUgsa muds O;olk; ls csn[ky dj fn;k Fkk] gkykafd mudk jgu&lgu cM+s BkB&ckV dk FkkA ikfjokfjd >xM+kas vkSj O;kikj ls csn[ky fd, tkus dh dgkfu;k¡ lqukdj os gesa izk;% cksj djrs FksA mudh vknr Fkh ckrsa c<+k&p<+kdj dguk vkSj gels gh tkudkjh ysdj] vxyh ckj gesa gh ,sls crkuk tSls lhèks izèkkuea=h ls ckr djds ykSVs gksAa ij tqykbZ 1993 ds eè; esa ,d ckj os vius lkFk ,d cqtqxZ vkneh ¼if.Mr th½ dks o lqjnas z tSu dh vc e”kgwj gks pqdh Mk;jh ¼[kkrs½ ds dqN iUus Hkh yk,A mUgksua s eq>ls dgk fd ;g fo”o dk lcls cM+k ?kksVkyk gSA vxj rqe bls mtkxj dj ldks] rks ns”k dh Hkz’V jktuhfrd O;oLFkk dks èoLr dj nksxAs ij [krjk ;g gS fd bl pDdj esa rqEgkjk vkSj rqEgkjs ifjokj dk lQk;k Hkh gks ldrk gSA ;s lTtu vkSj dksbZ ugha] 64 djksM+ #i, ds gokyk ?kksVkys ds uk;d lqjnas z dqekj tSu ds fj”rs ds HkkbZ FksA ;g ckr rc mUgksua s gesa ugha crkbZA lR;sna z dqekj tSu us tc eq>s bl ckjs esa crk;k] ml le; rd ;g ?kksVkyksa dh dczxkg esa nQu ,d ?kksVkyk FkkA lkIrkfgd fCyV~t us 10 vxLr 1991 ds vius ,d vad esa bldk dqN ftØ t:j fd;k FkkA iwjs rF; ugha Nkis x, FksA [kkldj usrkvksa ds uke ugha fn, x, FksA bl rjg egÙoiw.kZ [kcj dk ,d va”k izdkf”kr dSls feyh tSu Mk;jh vkSj dSls cuh [kksth fjiksVZ\ %

dj ckdh [kcj dks nks o’kks± rd lkeus u ykuk dkQh jgL;e; ekuk tkrk gSA blds ckn fQj iwjh “kkafr Nk xbZ FkhA fdlh us dksbZ [kkstchu ugha dhA lh-ch-vkbZ-] ehfM;k ;k jktuhfrd nk;jksa es]a dgha dksbZ izfrfØ;k ugha gqbZA ?kksVkys ds ckjs esa lqudj eSa mRlqd gks x;kA ij lR;sna z dqekj tSu ds lkFkh iwjs nLrkost ysdj ugha vk, FksA mUgksua s igyh LVksjh fd, cxSj eq>s vkSj nLrkost nsus ls euk dj fn;kA eSua s muls a ]s eSa tk¡p “kq: dgk fd ^tc rd vki eq>s lHkh nLrkost ugha nsx ugha d#¡xkA dkSu tkus esjk bLrseky fd;k tk jgk gksA* mUgksua s dgk] ^bl ckr dh D;k xkjaVh gS fd vki bu nLrkostksa dk bLrseky djsx a s gh \ iwoZ esa dbZ i=dkjksa us dqN nLrkost fy,] ij os LVksjh ugha dj ik,A ;k rks mUgsa muds laikndksa us jksd fn;k ;k mUgksua s tSu ca/kqvksa ls lkSnk dj fy;k ;k fQj Mj dj [kqn cSB x,A** eSua s muls dgk fd igys esjs ckjs esa Bhd ls irk dj ys]a fQj vk,sAa bl ij lR;sna z dqekj tSu ds lkFk vk, ml vkneh us dgk] ^eq>s crk;k x;k gS fd vki iSls ;k lÙkk ds fy, lkSnk ugha djsx a As blhfy, vkids ikl vk;k gw¡A* dqN fnu VkyeVksy djus ds ckn vkf[kjdkj mUgksua s eq>s bl ?kksVkys ls lacfa èkr dkQh lkjs nLrkost nsuk Lohdkj dj fy;kA ;s nLrkost nf{k.kh fnYyh ds Hkhdkth dkek Iysl ds lkeus fLFkr ,d cktkj es]a ,d QksVks&dkWih okys dh nqdku es]a ,d vVSph esa rkyk can djds j[ks gq, FksA pwfa d mudh tku dks [krjk Fkk vkSj os csgn lrdZ Fks] blfy, mudk ,d vkneh cM+s fQYeh rjhds ls gesa ml cktkj ds ckgj feykA gesa ogha [kM+k dj og yqd&fNi dj tc cktkj esa ?kqlk] rks eSua s vius lg;ksxh jtuh”k dks mldk ihNk djus dk b”kkjk fd;kA blh ls gesa irk pyk fd ns”k fgykus okys bu reke nLrkostksa dks fdruh fgQktr ls dSlh lkoZtfud txg ij fNik dj j[kk x;k FkkA ;g tqykbZ 1993 ds eè; dh ?kVuk gSA 46

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

nLrkost ns[k dj eq>s yxk fd ekeyk okdbZ xaHkhj gSA ;g ns[kdj rkTtqc gqvk fd Hkkjrh; jktuhfr esa ftl fdlh dk FkksMk+ Hkh egÙo gS] mls tSu caèkqvksa ls iSls feys FksA eSua s x`g ea=ky;] foÙk ea=ky;] izèkkuea=h dk;kZy; vkSj lh-ch-vkbZ- esa vius dqN lw=kssa ls iwNk fd D;k 3 ebZ 1991 dks tSu caèkqvksa ds QkeZ gkml vkSj nwljs ifjljksa ij Nkik iM+k Fkk \ D;k mlesa Hkkjh ek=k esa fons”kh eqnzk vkSj tSu caèkqvksa dh ys[kk iqLrdsa ¼Mk;jh½ vkfn tCr gqbZ Fkha\ ftu egÙoiw.kZ yksxksa ls eSua s ;s iwNrkN dh] muesa esjs iwoZ lgikBh] jkT; lHkk lnL; o 1991 esa panz”ks[kj ljdkj esa mi&foÙk ea=h jgs fnfXot; flag Hkh Fks vkSj izorZu funs”kky; ds e”kgwj funs”kd jgs Hkwjy s ky HkhA eq>s ;g tkudj rkTtqc gqvk fd bu lHkh yksxksa dks bl ckjs esa irk FkkA ij v[kckjksa esa dgha dksbZ ppkZ ugha FkhA blh nkSjku tqykbZ 1993 ds nwljs g¶rs esa eSua s tulÙkk ds eq[; laoknnkrk lq”khy dqekj flag ls dgk fd og ,Dlizl s ykbczjs h dh Qkbyksa dks ns[kdj crk,sa fd ebZ 1991 ls tqykbZ 1993 ds chp ns”k ds fdlh Hkh nSfud esa 3 ebZ 1991 dks lqjnas z tSu ds QkeZ gkml ds Nkis ls lacfa èkr [kcj Nih Fkh ;k ughaA lq”khy us dqN fnu ckn tokc fn;k fd ,slh dksbZ Hkh [kcj mUgsa ugha fn[khA rc ;g fo”okl n`<+ gks x;k fd ;g ekeyk dkQh laons u”khy gS] rHkh bls bruh gksf”k;kjh ls nck fn;k x;k gSA tc eSua s dqN cM+s jktusrkvksa o ljdkjh vQljksa ls iwNk fd 1991 ds ckn ls bl dkaM esa tk¡p D;ksa ugha gqbZ] rks tokc feyk] ^vki Hkh cM+s ew[kZ gSAa tc bl dkaM esa lHkh “kkfey gS]a rks tk¡p dkSu djsxk\* eSua s r; fd;k fd rc rks eq>s tk¡p vo”; djuh pkfg, vkSj dkypØ dh dSejk Vhe ds lkFk tSu caèkqvksa dk ihNk djuk “kq: fd;kA mUgsa lius esa Hkh bl ckr dh mEehn ugha Fkh fd dksbZ muds dkjukeksa ds nQu fd, tk pqds ekeys dks [kksn fudkysxkA dSls feyh tSu Mk;jh vkSj dSls cuh [kksth fjiksVZ\ %

tqykbZ 1993 ds vkf[kjh lIrkg esa dkypØ dh Vhe us lqjnas z tSu dk baVjO;w ysus dk iz;kl fd;k vkSj muds ?kj ij Qksu dj le; ek¡xkA gesa gj ckj fujk”k gksuk iM+kA lqjnas z tSu ds U;w ÝsM a ~l dkWyksuh] ubZ fnYyh fuokl ds ckgj eSua s dbZ ckj mUgsa dSejs esa idM+us dh dksf”k”k dhA ckn esa bl tk¡p ls tqMs+ dkypØ dh Vhe ds izhfr o tksxh n;ky ¼tks ckn esa Vhiw lqYrku lhfj;y ds funs”kd cus½ ,d fnu tSu ds egjkSyh fLFkr QkeZgkml ij fcuk mUgsa lwfpr fd, baVjO;w ysus igq¡pAs tSu us u rks baVjO;w fn;k vkSj u gh muds vknfe;ksa us QkeZ gkml dh Hkjld “kwfVax djus nhA tSu ds yksxksa us gekjh dSejk Vhe dks èkDdk&eqDdh ds lkFk dqN gh {k.kksa esa ogk¡ ls [knsM+ fn;kA blds dqN va”k geus dkypØ ds nlosa vad esa Mkys gaSA bl ?kVuk ds ckn rks ekuks dkypØ ds n¶rj vkSj gekjs ?kj ij igkM+ VwV x;k gksA tSu vkSj bl dkaM esa fyIr usrkvksa ds xqM a ksa ds Qksu vkus “kq: gks x,A bu Qksukas ij vyx&vyx O;fä;ksa us eq>s tku ls ekjus o esjs iwjs ifjokj dks [kRe djus dh èkefd;k¡ nha rFkk xkfy;ksa dh ckSNkj dhA lqcg lk<+s rhu cts VsyhQksu dh ?kaVh ctrhA eSa Qksu mBk dj dgrk& gfj&cksyA mèkj ls vkokt vkrh] ^dqÙks ds cPps] lcsjk ugha ns[ksxkA* eSa dgrk& ;s rks Hkxoku dh ethZ ij gSA vkidk èkU;okn] tks vkius eq>s czã eqgrw Z esa txk fn;kA ;g esjs ti dk le; gSA vki Hkh Hkxoku dk è;ku dhft,A* og O;fä vkSj fryfeyk dj xkfy;k¡ nsrk] rks eSa dgrk fd] ^Hkb;k] D;ksa viuh uhan [kjkc dj jgs gks] ftUgksua s xkfy;k¡ nsus ds iSls fn, gS]a mUgssa dg nsuk fd jkr Hkj xkfy;k¡ nhaA vxj ;dhu u djsa rks dguk fd eq>ls iwN ysAa eSa izek.k i= ns nw¡xkA** ysfdu ;g flyflyk #dk ughaA rc eSua s etcwj gksdj dbZ ckj vius Fkkus esa lwpuk nhA bl rjg “kq: ds dbZ eghuksa essa tSu vkSj usrkvksa ds xq.Mksa us esjs ifjokj dks pSu dh uhan lksus ugha fn;kA ml le; esjh vk;q 37 o’kZ o esjs cPpksa dh vk;q 5 o 10 o’kZ FkhA ckn ds o’kks± esa rks ,d&nks ckj esjs 48

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

?kj vkSj vkWfQl ij vkèkh jkr ds ckn geys Hkh gq,A fdlus fd;k] ;g vkt rd irk ugha pykA bZ”oj dh Ñik ls nksuksa geyksa ds le; ge ogk¡ ugha FksA ;g esjs fy, lcls [krjukd le; FkkA yksxksa us eq>s Mjkus dh cgqr dksf”k”k dhA [kkldj vkjksih usrkvksa ds yksxksa usA nwljs yksxksa us Hkh dgk fd rqe fcydqy ikxy vkneh gksA ;s yksx rqEgkjs fpFkM+s dj nsx a ]s irk ugha pysxkA esjs ikl bldk ,d gh tokc Fkk fd esjh e`R;q dc gksxh] bldk QSlyk dksbZ O;fä ugha dj ldrkA reke lqj{kk ds ckotwn ;fn jktho xk¡èkh vkSj bafnjk xk¡èkh ugha cp lds] rks esjh lqj{kk dh ftEesnkjh Hkh Hkxoku ds Åij gSA vxj le; vk x;k gS] rks ,d xksyh dkQh gSA vxj ugha vk;k gS rks ;s lkjs ds lkjs 115 vkneh [kM+s gks dj xksyh ekjrs jgs]a ejus okyk ugha gwA¡ blfy, eSa fuHkZ; gksdj yM+rk jgkA tqykbZ ds var vkSj vxLr 1993 esa eSua s mu eaf=;ksa vkSj usrkvksa ls lk{kkRdkj ysus dh dksf”k”k “kq: dh ftuds uke tSu caèkqvksa ls iSlk ikus okyksa esa FksA T;knkrj yksx cprs jgsA bl pDdj esa dkQh le; cjckn gksrk x;kA dsoy “kjn ;kno o nsoh yky us lqjnas z tSu ls iSls ysus dh ckr dkypØ ds Vhoh dSejs ds lkeus Lohdkj dhA og Hkh blfy, fd nksuksa vpkud Vsyhfotu dSejs ds lkeus iwNs x, lhèks lokyksa ls ldidk x, vkSj vius eu dh ckr dg x,A dbZ vkSj jktuhfrKksa rFkk eaf=;ksa us dSejs ds lkeus vkus ls lkQ euk dj fn;kA ml le; ds jsy ea=h lh-ds- tkQj “kjhQ rks loky iwNrs gh ;ksa mBdj Hkkxs ekuks djaV yx x;k gSA ij dSejs ds fcuk futh ckrphr esa dbZ jktusrkvksa us Lohdkj fd;k fd lqjnas z tSu ls muds foÙkh; ysu&nsu gksrs jgs gSAa bl nkSjku dkypØ dSejk Vhe ds lkFk tc eSa vxLr 1993 esa dsUnzh; ea=h Jh fo|kpj.k “kqDy ds caxys ij x;k] rks eq>s ?k.Vksa bartkj djok;k x;kA eSa gSjku Fkk] D;ksfa d ,slk igys dHkh ugha gqvk FkkA igys rks os ges”kk cM+s Lusg o rRijrk ls feyrs jgs FksA rHkh eq>s dSls feyh tSu Mk;jh vkSj dSls cuh [kksth fjiksVZ\ %

irk pyk fd Jh “kqDy nwljs njokts ls fudydj dkj esa cSB jgs gSAa eSa dSejk ysdj nkSMk+ ] ij os vuns[kk djrs gq, fudy x,A ;g n`”; dkypØ ds ohfM;ks esa gSA blds ckn ,d fnu esa 17 ckj Jh “kqDy ds lfpo o Lo;a muds Qksu esjs ikl vk,A ysfdu eSa ykbu ij ugha vk;kA esjk csVk gSjku Fkk fd ckj&ckj ea=h th dk Qksu vk jgk gS vkSj vCcw mls lqurs D;ksa ugha! dkj.k ;g Fkk fd eSa muls lhèks dSejs ds lkeus ckr djuk pkgrk FkkA vxys fnu eSa muds lfpo ls le; r; dj muds laln Hkou fLFkr dk;kZy; esa feyus x;kA ij ogk¡ dSejk vanj ugha ys tkus fn;k x;kA Jh “kqDy cM+s Lusg ls feysA mUgksua s eq>ls iwNk fd vkidh ohfM;ks if=dk ds fy, foKkiu fey jgs gSa ;k ugha\ eSua s ckr dkVrs gq, dgk fd mls NksfM+, vkSj ;g crkb, fd vki dSejs ds lkeus baVjO;w dc nsx a \s mUgksua s vusd rjg ls vkfFkZd enn dh is”kd”k dhA ;gk¡ rd dgk fd ;g LVksjh NksM+ nksA lqjnas z tSu ;kjksa dk ;kj gSA ifjp; djk nw¡xk] fQj ftanxh Hkj rqEgsa iSls dh raxh ugha jgsxhA bl rjg dh ckrksa ls cspSu gksdj tc eSa mBus yxk rks mUgksua s esjs daèks ij gkFk j[krs gq, iwNk] ^D;k tSu Mk;jh esa esjk Hkh uke gS\* eSua s dgk&,d ugha vusd ckjA os eq>s dejs ds ckgj rd NksMu+ s vk,A lkeus ls lQkjh lwV igus] gkFk esa czhQdsl fy;s] fnYyh ds Hkktik usrk enuyky [kqjkuk >wers pys vk jgs FksA ;s ogh [kqjkuk th Fks] tks 1987&88 esa vDlj lqcg Lo;a Qksu dj eq>s viuh xfrfofèk;ksa dh lwpuk fn;k djrs Fks] rkfd v[kckj esa dqN Ni ldsA ij fiNys dbZ g¶rksa ds iz;kl ds ckotwn eq>s muls Vhoh baVjO;w dk le; ugha fey jgk FkkA mUgsa vkrk ns[k eSa ogha Bgj x;kA tSls gh Jh [kqjkuk dh utj eq> ij iM+h] os yid dj ck,¡ gkFk ds ckFk:e esa ?kql x,A eSua s Hkh vkxs c<+ dj pqVdh yh] [kqjkuk th ckFk:e esa dc rd fNisx a \s dHkh rks ckgj vkuk gh iM+x s kA [kqjkuk th gh ugha] deyukFk] cyjke tk[kM+] lhds- tkQj “kjhQ] Ñ’.kk “kkgh] dYiukFk jk;] ,l-vkj- cksEebZ] vkj50

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

ds- èkou] ekèko jko flafèk;k vkfn os yksx Fks] ftuds ?kj ckj&ckj tkus ij Hkh gesa Vkyk tk jgk FkkA gesa ns[krs gh bu usrkvksa dk futh LVkQ ijs”kku gks tkrk vkSj gels fiaM NqMk+ us dh dksf”k”k djrkA eSa buls flQZ nks loky iwNuk pkgrk FkkA igyk] D;k vki lqjnas z tSu dks tkurs gS\a nwljk] D;k vkius mlls brus yk[k #i, fy, gSa\ tSu caèkqvksa vkSj jktusrkvksa ds Vhoh baVjO;w ds ihNs HkkxnkSM+ ds pDdj esa bl dkaM ds dkuwuh i{k ij vHkh rd fo”ks’k dke ugha gqvk FkkA eSaus lkspk fd fofHkUu ikfVZ;ksa ds usrkvksa vkSj dbZ ukSdj”kkgksa dh iksy [kksy jgk gw¡A blfy, ;g lqfuf”pr dj ysuk pkfg, fd nLrkostksa esa dqN xM+cM+h u gksA eSa lacfa èkr dkxtkr ysdj vkijkf/kd ekeyksa ds e”kgwj odhy jke tsBeykuh ds ikl x;kA os bUgsa ns[kdj mNy iM+As mudk dguk Fkk fd ;g rks Mk;ukekbV gSA vxj QV tk,] rks dbZ cM+s jktuSfrd fnXxtksa dks cjckn dj nsxkA ogha] eSua s mudk Vhoh baVjO;w djus dk QSlyk fd;kA ij eq>s rkTtqc gqvk fd esjs ckj&ckj vkxzg ds ckotwn Jh tsBeykuh us tSu Mk;jh esa ntZ foi{k ds dqN [kkl usrkvksa ds uke dSejs ds lkeus ugha fy,A os yxkrkj dsoy dkaxzfs l;ksa ij izgkj djrs jgsA cgqr ckn esa eq>s eglwl gqvk fd rhu ckj vyx&vyx ikfVZ;ksa ls lkaln cus Jh tsBeykuh bl ckj Hkktik ;k turk ny dh enn ls fQj jkT; lHkk esa ?kqlus dk eu cuk jgs FksA [kSj] muds nksgjs joS, ls fuiVus ds fy, eSua s vius fe= vkSj vfèkoäk oh-dsvksgjh dks ogha cqyk;k vkSj jke tsBeykuh ds lkeus gh mudk Hkh baVjO;w fjdkMZ fd;kA Jh vksgjh us dSejs ds lkeus [kqy dj dgk fd ftu yksxksa ds uke tSu dh Mk;jh esa gS]a muds f[kykQ VkMk] Qsjk] dksQis kslk vkSj Hkz’Vkpkj fujksèkd dkuwu ds rgr dkjZokbZ dh tkuh pkfg,A mUgksua s vk”p;Z O;ä fd;k fd ns”k ds gtkjksa vke oksVj bl dkaM esa miyCèk lk{;ksa dss eqdkcys flQZ ,d Qhlnh dSls feyh tSu Mk;jh vkSj dSls cuh [kksth fjiksVZ\ %

lk{;ksa ds vkèkkj ij o’kks± ls tsyksa esa lM+ jgs gS]a tcfd ;s usrk gqdew r dj jgs gSAa tqykbZ&vxLr 1993 ge yksxksa ds fy, lcls [krjukd le; FkkA ftudh iksy [kqyus okyh Fkh] mUgsa rks gekjh xfrfofèk;ksa dh tkudkjh Fkh] ij ehfM;k vkSj ns”k ds vke yksxksa dks ml vkx dk irk Hkh ugha Fkk] ftlls ge [ksy jgs FksA vxj bl dkaM esa fyIr yksxksa us bl [kkst ds nkSjku gh eq>s ejok fn;k gksrk] rks “kk;n ns”k esa fdlh dks ;g Hkh ugha irk pyrk fd esjs lkFk ;g gknlk D;ksa gqvk\ tSlk igys mYys[k dj pqdk gw¡] mu fnuksa esjs ?kj vkSj n¶rj esa dbZ /kedh Hkjs Qksu fnu&jkr vkus yxs FksA dkypØ ohfM;ks if=dk dk vad rS;kj djus ds nkSjku gesa dSlVs dk laiknu fufoZ?u iwjk djus ds fy, Hkwfexr gksuk iM+kA mu fnuksa ,slk yxrk Fkk fd esjh dkj dk Hkh ihNk fd;k tk jgk gSA blfy, eSa viuh dkj caxkyh ekdsZV bykds esa fdlh fe= ds ?kj [kM+h dj] pdek nsdj fudyrk vkSj dkyh&ihyh VSDlh ysdj fudy tkrk] rkfd ihNk djus okyss ml LVwfM;ks rd u igq¡p ldsa tgk¡ gekjk ohfM;ks laiknu py jgk FkkA gesa vk”kadk Fkh fd usrkvksa ds xq.Ms ;k iqfyl okys gels “kwfVax ds Vsi Nhu ldrs FksA gesa ;g Hkh vk”kadk Fkh fd Vhoh LVwfM;ks ekfyd dks vxj irk py x;k fd ge fdruh tksf[ke okyh fQYe rS;kj dj jgs gS]a rks og dgha Mj dj gesa Vjdk u nsA fQj tkus&vutkus og ;g lwpuk ^yhd* Hkh dj ldrk FkkA blfy, ftruh ckj og gekjk njoktk [kV[kVkrk] ge mls [kksyus ls igys ,fMfVax Vscy ds lkjs Vhoh ekWfuVj can dj nsrAs dkypØ ds nlosa vad dh bl ohfM;ks dSlVs ds laiknu esa tksxh n;ky us cM+h esgur dhA ds”ko us mudh lgk;rk dhA bl nkSjku ge yksxksa dks ykus&ys tkus vkSj vko”;drk ds ohfM;ks Vsi dks [kqfQ;k rjhds ls dkypØ ds n¶rj ls LVwfM;ks rd igq¡pkus dk dke jtuh”k diwj] euh”k “kekZ o mu fnuksa mRlkg esa lkFk tqM+s vU; nks ukStokuksa us cM+h eqLrSnh ls fd;kA 1 flrEcj 1993 dh jkr 52

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

nks cts tc dkypØ dk nloka vad iwjh rjg rS;kj gks x;k] rks ge lcds psgjs ij [kq”kh ds lkFk xgjh vk”kadk Fkh fd tc ;g dSlVs fjyht gksxk] rks D;k gksxk \ nksuksa gh ekè;eksa esa i=dkfjrk djus ds dkj.k eq>s fizVa dh [kcjksa ds eqdkcys vkfM;ks&fotqvy dh [kcjksa ds dbZ xquk T;knk izHkko iM+us dk vuqHko FkkA geus Qkbuy ekLVj dh nks vfrfjDr dkWfi;k¡ rS;kj dhaA ,d dkWih izhfr n;ky cM+h fgEer ls] jkr ds vaèksjs esa vdsy]s vius ,d fj”rsnkj ds ;gk¡ j[kus xbZAa nwljh dkWih euh”k “kekZ viuh eksVj lkbfdy ij ysdj varjkZT;h; cl vM~Mk x, vkSj mls jkrks& a jkr fnYyh dh lhek ds ckgj igq¡pk dj Hkwfexr dj fn;k x;kA rhljh dkWih jtuh”k lsl a j cksMZ esa tek djus ds fy, oh-,p-,l- dkWih ds lkFk ys x,A “kwfVax ds Vsi dks eSa vkSj ds”ko] jkr esa nks cts gh ysdj dkypØ ds n¶rj vk x,A Ng&lkr g¶rksa dh blh xgekxgeh ds chp tulÙkk us 23 vxLr 1993 dks bl dkaM dks ysdj ,d [kcj NkihA dkypØ dh [kkst ds nkSjku ftl rjg dh èkefd;k¡ vkSj ncko ge ij vkus yxs Fks] mlls gesa Hkfo’; dh ?kVukvksa ds ladrs fey jgs FksA dkypØ ohfM;ks if=dk ds fiNys yxHkx lHkh vadksa dks lal s j cksMZ us jksdk FkkA gesa yxk fd ;fn dkypØ dk ;g vad Hkh izfrcafèkr dj fn;k x;k] rks lkjk iz;kl csdkj pyk tk,xkA blfy, 20 vxLr dh lqcg dkypØ dk;kZy; esa lR;sna z dqekj tSu vkSj muds lkFkh if.Mr th ds lkFk ;g r; gqvk fd tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn& gokyk dkaM esa fyIr yksxksa ds ukeksa dh lwph fdlh v[kckj esa izdkf”kr djok nh tk,] rkfd ,d nwljk ekspkZ Hkh [kqy tk,A cgqr fnekx yxk;k x;k fd dkSu&lk ,slk v[kckj ;k laoknnkrk gS tks ;g Nkisxk\ rc tulÙkk ds jkecgknqj jk; dk è;ku vk;k vkSj mlds ckn gh 23 vxLr 1993 dks ;g [kcj tulÙkk esa NihA lsl a j dks ysdj gekjh vk”kadk xyr ugha FkhA dkypØ dk nloka vad dSls feyh tSu Mk;jh vkSj dSls cuh [kksth fjiksVZ\ %

lsl a j us jksd fn;kA lkjs jktuhfrd gydksa esa dkypØ ds bl vad ls rgydk ep x;kA gesa irk pyk fd ljdkj esa cSBs gj egÙoiw.kZ usrk us voSèk :i ls bl dSlVs dks ns[kk vkSj lUu jg x,A njvly] ,d i=dkj fe= tc rRdkyhu ukxfjd mM~;u ea=h xqykeuch vktkn ls feyus x,] rks dkypØ dSlVs dk ;g vad mudh est ij j[kk ns[k nax jg x,A i=dkj caèkq us Qksu dj iwNk fd D;k geus ;g dSlVs Jh vktkn ds ikl fHktok;k gS\ geus rks Hkstk ugha Fkk] blfy, cM+k vpaHkk yxkA geus fojksèk izdV djrs gq, lsl a j cksMZ dks rqjra ,d i= fy[kk] ftlesa dgk fd ;g dSls gks jgk gS fd ns”k dh turk dks rks bl dSlVs dks ns[kus ls oafpr j[kk tk jgk gS] tcfd jktusrkvksa dks pksjh ls vki bl dSlVs dh dkWfi;k¡ fn[kok jgs gaSA lsl a j cksMZ okys bl i= dks ikdj ckS[kyk x,A bl rjg lsl a j cksMZ ls jLlkd”kh esa dkQh oDr xqtj x;kA dbZ eghus dh yach dkuwuh yM+kbZ ds ckn gh dkypØ ohfM;ks dks lsl a j ds f”kdats ls eqä djok;k tk ldkA

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

8 lsl a j cksMZ us dh nckus dh dksf”k”k dkypØ ohfM;ks dSlVs dk nloka vad rS;kj gks x;k] rks 2 flrEcj 1993 dks geus jke tsBeykuh ds ?kj ij ,d izl s dkUÝsl cqykbZ] rkfd gokyk ?kksVkys dh tk¡p nck, j[kus esa lh-ch-vkbZ- dh “keZukd Hkwfedk ds ckjs esa izl s dks crk;k tk;A Jh tsBeykuh dk ?kj blfy, pquk] rkfd bl izl s &fizO;w ds nkSjku ge ij iqfyl ;k xq.Mksa dk dksbZ geyk u gksA dkypØ ds nlosa vad dh fjiksVZ ds va”k ns[k dj LkHkh i=dkj pfdr gks x,A rkTtqc dh ckr ;g gS fd ogk¡ vk, ,d vaxt zs h v[kckj ds ofj’B laoknnkrk us futh ckrphr esa Lohdkj fd;k fd tSu ds [kkrksa ds dqN iUus dkQh le; ls muds ikl Hkh FksA fQj Hkh os vius ekfyd ds ncko esa bl fjiksVZ dks izdkf”kr ugha dj ik,A ml nkSj ds rukoksa vkSj lkèkughurk ds dkj.k ;g ohfM;ks dSlVs iwjs ns”k esa ugha ig¡qp ldhA bl la?k’kZ dh ,d laf{kIr izLrqfr ;w&V~;wc ¼www.youtube.com/watch?v= 7O4NxWECJKk½ ij ns[kh tk ldrh gSA vkt ds Vh-oh- pSuyksa dh ekyh gkyr vkSj Hkkjh Hkjde e”khuksa ds nkSj esa bl Vh-oh- fjiksVZ dh lkt&lTtk “kk;n izHkko”kkyh u yxs] ij ml ekgkSy esa ftl fgEer ds lkFk blesa ns”k ds lcls rkdroj yksxksa vkSj lh-ch-vkbZds f[kykQ fjiksVZ izLrqr dh x;h] og lk/kkj.k ckr ugha FkhA bldk vUnktk os yksx gh yxk ldrs gS]a ftUgsa ml nkSj ds ns”k ds ekgkSy dh ;kn gSA lsalj dh pisV esa dkypØ dk nloka vad dans zh; fQYe izek.ku cksMZ esa 2 flrEcj] 1993 dh lqcg bl dSlVs dks tek djok;k x;kA mlds dqN gh nsj ckn cksMZ ds vfèkdkjh ih-,l- HkVukxj us eq>s Qksu fd;kA mudk dguk Fkk] ^HkkbZ fouhr] vkius rks lwpuk izlkj.k ea=ky; esa ce Qsd a fn;kA bls lsalj cksMZu us dh nckus dh dksf”k”k %

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

rks dksbZ Nwuk ugha pkgrkA* 3 flrEcj 1993 dks eq>s Jh HkVukxj dk fyf[kr lan”s k feykA mlesa dgk x;k] ^bl fQYe dk ,d desVh us fujh{k.k fd;k gS vkSj mlus r; fd;k gS fd bl fQYe dks ^oh;w lhlh* tkjh dh tk ldrh gS c”krsZ ^g’kZn ls cM+k ?kksVkyk&lh-ch-vkbZus nck Mkyk* ”kh’kZd fjiksVZ esa Hkz’Vkpkj ds vkjksih lHkh O;fä;ksa ds uke dkV fn, tk,aAs ** eSa fujk”k ugha gqvk D;ksfa d eSua s lkspk fd ;s uke rks eSa izl s ds tfj, tkjh dj nw¡xkA bl rjg yksx nksuksa phtksa dks feykdj iwjh ckr le> tk,sx a As ij ckn esa irk pyk fd jktuhfrd {ks=ksa esa dkypØ dk bruk vkrad QSy x;k fd lsl a j cksMZ ij dkQh ncko Mkyk x;kA bldk izek.k ;g Fkk fd 6 flrEcj 1993 dks eq>s ,d vkSj fpëh feyhA blesa dgk x;k] ^gekjh 3&9&1993 dh iqjkuh fpëh dks jí dj vkidh fQYe fjokbftax desVh ¼vkj-lh-½ dks Hksth xbZ gSA vkj-lh- ds QSlys dh lwpuk] vkj-lh- }kjk fQYe dh leh{kk ds ckn vkidks tYn ls tYn nh tk,xhA* vius gh QSlys dks bl rjg cnyuk lsl a j cksMZ ds Åij iM+ jgs ncko dh iqf’V djrk gSA eq>s xM+cM+h dh vk”kadk gks xbZ FkhA eSua s Jh HkVukxj ls vkxzg fd;k fd vkj-lh- esa eq>s Hkh viuh ckr dgus dk ekSdk fn;k tk,A dkQh VkyeVksy ds ckn mUgksua s eq>s vkj-lh- ds lnL;ksa ls ckr djus dh btktr nhA 7 flrEcj 1993 dks eSa lkmFk CykWd esa Jh HkVukxj ds dk;kZy; esa mRlqdrk ls lkFk bartkj dj jgk FkkA mèkj vkj-lh- ds lnL; tSu gokyk ?kksVkys ij esjh [kkstiw.kZ fjiksVZ dk ohfM;ks ns[k jgs FksA ehfVax [kRe gksus ij desVh dh vè;{k deyk ekudsdj ckgj vkb±A mudh vka[ksa Hkjh FkhaA mUgksua s eq>ls dgk fd vkius cM+h fgEer dk dke fd;k gSA vki cèkkbZ ds ik= gSAa ij esjh lfefr dh jk; caV xbZ gSA T;knkrj yksx vkids iz”kaluh; dk;Z dks fDy;jsl a nsus dk fojksèk dj jgs gSAa mUgksua s ,d lPps ns”kHkä dh rjg eq>ls vkSj Hkh dbZ ckrsa dgha] ftudk eSa ;gk¡ ftØ djuk ugha pkgrkA lsalj cksMZu us dh nckus dh dksf”k”k %

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

mudh ln~Hkkouk,sa eq>s Nw xb±A bl chp Jh HkVukxj vk, vkSj eq>ls cksys fd esjh fjiksVZ ij izfrcaèk yxk;k tk jgk gSA eSa nq[kh gks x;kA eSua s muls xqtkfj”k dh fd eq>s vkj-lh- ds lnL;ksa ds lkeus ,d ckj vihy dh btktr nh tk,A tc eSa gkWy esa ?kqlk] rks ntZu Hkj yksx cSBs FksA eq>s crk;k x;k fd buesa vkèks i=dkj FksA eSua s ogk¡ ,d laf{kIr HkkoukRed Hkk’k.k fn;kA mldk lkj la{ksi ;g gS % ^ eSua s cgqr tksf[ke mBkdj bl ekeys dh tk¡p dh gS vkSj ;g fjiksVZ is”k dh gSA eSa dksbZ lkèku laiUu O;fä ugha gw¡A esjs ihNs dksbZ ehfM;k ?kjkuk ;k dksbZ jktuhfrd ny ugha gSA eq>s ;g ns[kdj nq[k gksrk gS fd Lora=rk ds brus o’kks± ckn Hkh gekjs ns”k ds yksx nq[kh vkSj ihfM+r gSAa mUgsa isV Hkj Hkkstu ugha feyrkA ;s yksx QqVikFkksa ij jgrs gSAa ns”k ds djksMk+ as ukStoku csjkstxkj gSa vkSj nwljh rjQ ;s jktuhfrK gS]a tks ns”k dks ywV jgs gSa vkSj èku fLol cSd a ksa essa tek dj jgs gSAa mu ;qodksa ds ckjs esa lksfp, ftUgksua s ns”k dh vktknh ds fy, viuk thou dqckZu dj fn;kA mudk liuk Fkk fd ns”k ds lHkh yksxkssa ds fy, Hkkjr laiUu vkSj [kq”kgky cus vkSj nsf[k,] bu Hkz’V jktuhfrKksa us muds cfynku dk D;k fd;k \ ^vxj vki bl fjiksVZ dks yksxksa ds ikl ugha tkus nsx a ]s rks vke vkneh dSls tkusxk fd bu rFkkdfFkr usrkvksa dk vlyh pfj= dSlk gS\ ;s usrk] yksxksa dks èkeZ] tkfr vkSj Hkk’kk ds uke ij ck¡Vrs gSAa ;s mudk è;ku egaxkbZ vkSj xjhch tSls vlyh eqíksa ls gVk nsrs gSAa eq>s irk gS fd ns”k ds lcls “kfä”kkyh yksxksa dh iksy [kksyus dh dksf”k”k dj eSua s dkQh tksf[ke mBk;k gSA eq>s ;g Hkh irk gS fd cksQkslZ ekeys ls vyx bl ekeys esa dksbZ Hkh jktuhfrd ny esjk leFkZu ugha djsxk] D;ksfa d muesa ls T;knkrj bl ?kksVkys esa “kkfey gSAa lc pkgrs gSa fd Hkxr flag iSnk gks]a ij esjs ?kj ugha&iM+kl s h ds ?kjA vki Hkxr flag ugha cuuk pkgrs] eSa cuus dks rS;kj gw¡A xksyh eq>s yxsxh] vkidk dqN ugha fcxM+x s kA Ñi;k ekr`Hkwfe dh lsok djus ds esjs xaHkhj iz;klksa dks ukdke er dhft,A* lsalj cksMZu us dh nckus dh dksf”k”k %

eSa viuh ckr iwjh djrk] rc rd esjk xyk #aèk x;k vkSj vk¡lw <yd vk,A ij vkj-lh- ds fo}ku lnL; iRFkj&ls psgjs cuk, tehu dh vksj fugkjrs jgsA eSa pqipki ckgj fudy vk;kA vc esjs ikl dSlVs dks voSèk :i ls tkjh djus dk ,dek= fodYi FkkA oSls gh tSls v;ksè;k esa nnZukd gR;k,sa fn[kkus okys dSlVs dks fnYyh ds ikfydk cktkj ds ckgj] izl s okyksa ds lkeus] [kqyv s ke xSjdkuwuh :i ls tkjh fd;k x;k FkkA ij ml oDr tkjhdrkZvksa ds leFkZu ds fy, Hkktik FkhA esjs lkFk leFkZu esa dksbZ [kM+s gksus okyk ugha FkkA vxj eSua s dkypØ dks blh rjg voSèk <ax ls tkjh dj fn;k gksrk rks ;s usrk vkSj ea=h dkuwu dk mYya?ku djus ds vkjksi esa eq>s lha[kpksa ds ihNs Mky nsrAs vr% eSua s ^fQYe izek.ku vihy iapkV* esa vihy djuk csgrj le>kA eSa eacqa bZ x;k] rkfd dksf”k”k dj tYn gh lquokbZ djokbZ tk ldsA ij eq>s crk;k x;k fd iapkV vè;{k U;k;ewfrZ c[rkoj ysfa Vu fons”k nkSjs ij gSAa rc ogha 22 flracj 1993 dks eSua s ejkBk i=dkj la?k] eqca bZ esa ,d izl s dkUÝsl a dhA mlesa bl ?kksVkys dk iwjk fooj.k fn;kA bls vxys fnu ds VkbEl vkWQ bafM;k] bafM;u ,Dlizl s ] Ýh izl s tjuy] tulÙkk] ldky] tUeHkwfe vkfn esa foLrkj ls izdkf”kr fd;k x;kA blh izl s dkUÝsl a esa eSua s lh-ch-vkbZ- dks dke djus ds fy, etcwj djokus ds bjkns ls bl ekeys dks lqizhe dksVZ esa tkus dh viuh ;kstuk dk ladrs Hkh fn;k FkkA mèkj iapkV ls bl ekeys esa lquokbZ dh rkjh[k ysus esa eq>s nks eghus ls T;knk le; yx x;kA iapkV ds ps;jeSu Jh ysfa Vu us 22 uoacj 1993 dks ubZ fnYyh ds egknso jksM fLFkr fQYEl fMfotu ds vkfMVksfj;e esa esjh o esjs odhy oh-dsvksgjh dh nyhysa lquhaA mUgksua s mu nLrkostksa dk fujh{k.k fd;k] tks esjs ikl Fks vkSj dkypØ ohfM;ks dSlVs ds nlosa vad dks ns[kkA vius QSlys esa mUgksua s tks fy[kk og ,sfrgkfld gSA ;gk¡ mlds dqN [kkl va”k m)`r djrk gw¡ % 60

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

& fQYe esa ftl <ax ls dgkuh fn[kkbZ xbZ gS] og [kkstiw.kZ i=dkfjrk dk ifj.kke gSA ;g fjdkMZ fd, x, baVjO;w vkSj tCr fd, x, nLrkostksa ij vkèkkfjr gSA ;s nLrkost O;kikjh lqjnas z tSu ds ;gk¡ lh-ch-vkbZ- }kjk Mkys x, Nkis esa tCr fd, x, FksA bu nLrkostksa esa ys[kk iqLrd gSA ;g lqjnas z tSu ds fj”rs ds HkkbZ vkSj izcèa kd ftusna z tSu dh fy[kkoV esa gSA blesa dbZ jktuhfrKks]a eaf=;ksa ds fj”rsnkjks]a iqfyl] lh-ch-vkbZ- ds vkyk vQljksa rFkk vU; ukSdj”kkgksa dks fd, x, Hkqxrku dk fooj.k gSA ;g Hkqxrku dfFkr :i ls gokyk dkjksckj ds tfj, ns”k esa yk, x, 52 djksM+ vkSj 32 yk[k #i, esa ls fd, x,A bl ys[kk iqLrd esa dqN yksxksa dk uke ysdj ftØ fd;k x;k gS] tcfd nwljksa ds uke ds igys v{kjksa dk ladrs gSA bu ukeksa ds vkxs dfFkr :i ls pqdkbZ xbZ jkf”k fy[kh gSA dgrs gSa fd bl ys[kk iqLrd ds banjkt jktuSfrd Hkqxrkuksa ls esy [kkrs gSAa ;s ys[kk iqLrd vkSj vU; vkifÙktud nLrkost lh-ch-vkbZ- Nkis ds ckn cuk, x, iapukes esa lwphc) gSAa vihydrkZ bl ys[kk iqLrd vkSj vU; nLrkostksa dh thjkWDl izfr izkIr djus esa lQy jgs gSaA & ij] rc [kksth i=dkfjrk ;gh rks gSA tk¡p djus dh Lora=rk] rkfd turk dks yksdra= esa lwpuk ikus ds tks vfèkdkj gSa og gkfly gks ldsa ¼vkSj gekjk ns”k fu”p; gh yksdrakf=d gS½ blh ls yksx r; djrs gSa fd mUgsa tks dqN fn[kk;k tk,] mls fdruh roTtks nh tk,] D;k vkSj fdruk Lohdkj fd;k tk, vkSj D;k o fdruk [kkfjt fd;k tk,\ % vxj dqN rdyhQnsg yxrk gS] rks mls ^viekutud* crkdj nck;k ugha tk ldrkA % blds ckotwn buesa ftu gfLr;ksa dk uke vk;k gS] muesa ls fdlh us Hkh lkoZtfud [kaMu tkjh ugha fd;k gSA u gh ekugkfu dk eqdnek fd;k gS vkSj u dksbZ vU; dkuwuh dkjZokbZ dh gSA bruk gh lsalj cksMZu us dh nckus dh dksf”k”k %

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

ugha] bl fQYe esa baVjO;w fd, x, ,d jktuhfrK us rks Lohdkj Hkh fd;k gS — ^lqjnas z ns x;k gksxkA xyr ugha gksxkA* % blds vykok bl fQYe dks vaèksjs esa rhj pykus dk ekeyk dg dj [kkfjt Hkh ugha fd;k tk ldrk gSA u gh ;g fdlh ,d O;fä ;k ikVhZ ij dsfa nzr gS] cfYd tks nks’kh gS] mldk ftØ gqvk gSA % esjk ns”k] lgh] ;k xyr@lgh gS] lgh j[kks@xyr gS rks Bhd djks] ;gh crkrh gS ;g fQYeA ;g fu.kZ; gekjs bl vkjksi dks fl) djrk gS fd gj rjg dh v”yhy vkSj fgalkRed fQYeksa dks èkM+Yys ls ikl djus okyk ljdkjh lsl a j cksMZ gj ckj tkucw> dj dkypØ ohfM;kss eSxthu dks ljdkjh ncko esa ijs”kku djrk jgk gS] rkfd ns”kokfl;ksa rd lPpkbZ u igq¡p ldsA U;k;ewfrZ Jh ysfa Vu ds vkns”k okyh [kcj dks lHkh v[kckjkssa us NkikA fdlh us cM+s :i esa vkSj fdlh us nks NksVs iSjkxzkQksa esa tkjh fd;k] gkyk¡fd v[kckjksa ds fy, ;g cgqr cM+h ?kVuk Fkh fd Jh ysfa Vu tSls bZekunkjh ds fy, pfpZr U;k;ewfrZ us lh-ch-vkbZ- vkSj usrkvksa ds f[kykQ gekjs vkjksiksa dks ,d fdLe dh dkuwuh LohÑfr iznku dh FkhA blh le; lh-ch-vkbZ-] ljdkj vkSj tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM esa fyIr usrkvksa dh lafnXèk Hkwfedk ij laikndh; o ys[k fy[ks tkus pkfg, FksA muds ?kjksa ij Vh-oh- vkSj fizVa ehfM;k ds laoknnkrkvksa dh HkhM+ muls tokc&ryc djus igq¡p tkuh pkfg, FkhA ij ,slk dqN ugha gqvkA xtc dk lUukVk Nk x;k FkkA dksbZ blds fo’k; esa lquus dks Hkh rS;kj ugha FkkA viuh bl uSfrd dke;kch ds ckn ge pqi cSB ldrs Fks] D;ksfa d ,d [kksth Vhoh i=dkj ds ukrs eSa fiNys ik¡p eghus ls iwjh O;oLFkk ls tw>us ds ckn tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM ij viuh fjiksVZ ij lsl a j cksMZ ds iapkV ds vè;{k dh LohÑfr dh eqgj yxok pqdk FkkA blfy, bl dSlVs dks tkjh dj pqi cSBk tk ldrk FkkA lp rks ;g gS fd dkypØ ds dSlVs dks tkjh djus ls jksdus ds fy, eq>ls dbZ izLrko fd, x,A ,d v[kckj ekfyd us eq>s vius lsalj cksMZu us dh nckus dh dksf”k”k %

?kj vkeaf=r fd;k vkSj ijks{k :i ls èkedkus dh dksf”k”k dhA mUgksua s dgk] ^rqe ugha tkurs fd rqeus D;k fd;k gSA ;s 40 usrk yksx rqEgsa ftank ugha NksMx as+ As buds ikl iSlk gS] rkdr gSA* eSua s muls fouezrkiwoZd dgk] ^vxj esjk le; iwjk gks x;k gks] rks ,d gh O;fä i;kZIr gSA ij vxj le; ugha vk;k gks] rks 400 yksx Hkh esjk dqN fcxkM+ ugha ik,ax s As * bl ij mudk ygtk cny x;k vkSj rc mUgksua s ,d nSfud v[kckj “kq: djus ;k ,d vkèkqfud Vhoh LVwfM;ks LFkkfir djus ds fy, i;kZIr iSls ys ysus dh is”kd”k dhA ;g lqudj eSa mB x;kA ,d tkx:d ukxfjd o i=dkj ds :i esa esjs fy, tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk ?kksVkys dh iksy [kksyuk gh i;kZIr ugha FkkA bl ekeys dks ns”k dh “kh’kZ vnkyr esa ys tkuk eSua s viuk uSfrd drZO; le>kA mís”; ;g LFkkfir djuk Fkk fd dkuwu ls Åij dksbZ ugha gS& og pkgs ftruk “kfä”kkyh vkSj pkgs ftruk cM+k gksA ,d rjQ gtkjksa oksVj NksVs vijkèkksa ds fy, tsyksa esa lM+rs jgrs gSAa isV dh vkx cq>kus ds fy, jksVh dh pksjh djus okyh ,d csok dks iqfyl MaMs ekj&ekjdj vèkejk dj nsrh gSA nwljh rjQ gqDejku lSdM+kas djksM+ ds ?kksVkys djrs gSAa vkradokfn;ksa dks iuikrs gSAa ns”knzkgs h rkdrksa ds lkFk fey dj gqdew r djrs gSAa fQj Hkh dkuwu bUgsa ugha idM+rkA

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

9 tufgr ;kfpdk] ftlus jpk bfrgkl gokyk ekeys esa dkypØ ij lsl a j ds çfrca/k ds ckn bl ekeys esa esjs fy, vxyk dne tufgr ;kfpdk nk;j djuk gh FkkA njvly i=dkj ds :Ik esa ml oDr esjh euksn”kk ml cPPks tSlh Fkh ftlus jktk dks ljsvke uaxk ns[kk rks tksj ls fpYyk mBk] ^^ns[kks jktk uaxk gSA** vkidks Hkh ;g dgkuh ;kn gksxh fd ,d ?ke.Mh jktk ds ikl ,d prqj vkneh vk;k vkSj mlus jktk ds fy, lksus ds tknqbZ oL= cukus dh is”kd”k dhA ftlds fy, dkQh lksuk jktk ls ys fy;kA dbZ fnu rd diM+k cquus dk ukVd djrk jgkA ckn esa jktk dks ;g iks”kkd igukus dk ukVd fd;k vkSj nkok fd;k fd ;g iks”kkd dsoy os gh yksx ns[k ik;sx a s ftuds eu lkQ gSa vkSj ftUgksua s dksbZ vijk/k ugha fd;kA jktk mldh ckrksa esa vk x;k vkSj viuh fLFkfr fNikdj] bl Hkze esa fd mlus tknqbZ diM+s igus gS]a uxj Hkze.k dks fudy iM+kA bl ,yku ds lkFk fd cqjs eu vkSj vijk/kh LoHkko okys bu diM+kas dks ugha ns[k ik;sx a As lkjk “kgj rks lPpkbZ tkudj Hkh ekSu jgk] ij ml vcks/k ckyd ls pqi ugha jgk x;kA eSua s fQj jke tsBeykuh ls laidZ fd;kA os ;g dsl yM+us dks rS;kj gks x,A esjk muls fuR; laidZ jgus yxkA geus dkypØ dk;kZy; esa gh iwjh ;kfpdk rS;kj dhA bl nkSjku eSua s vkSj jtuh”k us ;kfpdk ds fy, reke vko”;d lwpuk,sa o nLrkost bdêk djus ds fy, HkkxnkSM+ tkjh j[khA elyu bVyh ds nwrkokl ls muds ns”k esa jktusrkvksa ds Hkz’Vkpkj ds fo#) yM+s x, eqdneksa dh [kcjksa dh drjusa o bu eqdneksa ds QSlys eaxokukA fQj mUgsa bVkyoh Hkk’kk ls vaxzt s h esa vuqokn djokukA ljdkjh xzFa kkxkj ls iqjkus fjdkMZ fudyok dj ;g vè;;u djuk fd ftl oDr ftl usrk ;k tufgr ;kfpdk] ftlus jpk bfrgkl %

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

vQlj dks lqjnas z tSu ls Hkqxrku gqvk] ml oDr og fdl in ij FksA gekjh tufgr ;kfpdk dks vafre :i nsus esa Jh tsBeykuh ds lkFk mudh twfu;j yrk Ñ’.kkewfrZ us Hkh dkQh esgur dhA bl dke esa dkQh fnu yx x,A Jh tsBeykuh us dksbZ iSls ugha fy,A myVs gesa dkxth dke vkfn ds fy, nl gtkj :i;s Hkh fn,A ;kfpdk dh rS;kjh ds nkSjku gh mUgksua s gekjk ifjp; lqizhe dksVZ ds cM+s odhy vfuy nhoku ls djok;kA Jh nhoku us bl dke esa iwjh #fp yhA pwfa d Jh nhoku dEiuh ekeyksa ds odhy gSa vkSj mUgksua s dHkh vkijkfèkd ekeyksa ds eqdnes ugha yM+]s vr% gesa [okc esa Hkh vuqeku u Fkk fd Jh tsBeykuh gels dUuh dkV ysx a As tc ;kfpdk rS;kj gks xbZ] rks Jh tsBeykuh us lykg nh fd ;kfpdkdrkZ ds :i esa esjs vykok vkSj dqN yksxksa ds uke tksM+ fn, tk,aAs eSua s vius odhy fe= oh-dsvksgjh vkSj viuh lg;ksxh i=dkj vehuk “ksjokuh dk uke tksMu+ s dk izLrko fd;kA blls igys Hkh dkypØ dh Vhe Qjojh 1990 esa ohfM;ks lekpkjksa ij lsl as j ds fo#) ,d tufgr ;kfpdk nk;j dj pqdh Fkh] ftls ysdj ns”kHkj ds v[kckjksa esa [kwc [kcjsa vkSj laikndh; fy[ks x, FksA ;g ekeyk fnYyh gkbZ dksVZ esa yafcr gSA ij esjs yxkrkj fojksèk ds ckotwn Jh tsBeykuh us jkftanj iqjh] dkfeuh tk;loky vkSj iz’kkar Hkw’k.k dks lg&;kfpdkdrkZ cuk fn;kA esjk dguk Fkk fd tc dkypØ dh Vhe us gh bl ?kksVkys dks mtkxj djus dk iwjk tksf[ke mBk;k gS vkSj pqukSrh Lohdkj dh gS rFkk ;kfpdk rS;kj djus esa bruh esgur dh gS] rks brus eghuksa ds ckn fdlh vkSj dks D;ksa “kkfey fd;k tk,\ [kkldj rc] tcfd muds jktuhfrd laidks± ds ckjs esa gesa iwjh tkudkjh u gksA tSlk eq>s la”k; Fkk] ogh gqvkA bu lg&;kfpdkdrkZvksa dh fooknkLin Hkwfedk ds ckjs esa vki vkxs i<+x as As 15 vDrwcj 1993 dks geus loksZPp U;k;ky; esa ;kfpdk nk;j dhA ;kfpdk nk;j gksrs gh jke tsBeykuh ds ?kj dk okrkoj.k vpkud cnyus yxkA tc ls ;g ;kfpdk rS;kj gqbZ] rHkh tufgr ;kfpdk] ftlus jpk bfrgkl %

ls gksVy gkWfyMs&bu ¼vc gksVy yfyr½ ds ekfyd yfyr lwjh dk jke tsBeykuh ds ?kj vkuk&tkuk c<+ x;kA Jh lwjh ds uke ij tSu ds [kkrksa esa 10-5 djksM+ #i, dk Hkqxrku ntZ Fkk vkSj gekjh ;kfpdk muds Hkh f[kykQ FkhA gesa ;g ns[k dj cgqr rdyhQ gqbZ fd yfyr lwjh vkSj mudk LVkWQ vDlj gh jke tsBeykuh ds ?kj rjg&rjg ds migkj ys dj vkus yxsA gesa Jh tsBeykuh dh uh;r ij langs c<+rk tk jgk FkkA eSa muls ckj&ckj vius dsl dh rkjh[kksa ij is”k gksus dh ckr dgrk] rks os dksbZ lhèkk mÙkj u nsdj vk¡[k pqjkus yxs FksA rc mUgksua s turk ljdkj ds iwoZ dkuwu ea=h o e”kgwj odhy “kkafr Hkw’k.k dk uke lq>k;kA eSua s bl ij vkifÙk dhA eq>s Jh Hkw’k.k dh ;ksX;rk ij langs ugha Fkk] ij eq>s ladksp Fkk fd turk ny ds muds lg;ksfx;ksa ds uke tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM esa FksA ,sls esa muds ekeys esa os dSls fu’i{k gks ldsx a \s nwljk dkj.k ;g Hkh Fkk fd esjh tkudkjh ds vuqlkj os gokyk dkaM ds vkjksih tSu ca/kqvksa ds Hkh odhy jg pqds FksA Jh tsBeykuh igys gh vfuy nhoku ls esjk ifjp; djk pqds FksA eq>s ;g vPNk ugha yxk Fkk fd gekjh ;kfpdk ij gks jgh xksiuh; dkUÝsl a esa Jh tsBeykuh us fcuk gesa crk, Hkktik ls tqMs+ odhy v#.k tsVyh dks Hkh vkeaf=r dj fy;k FkkA mu fnuksa rd os u rks lkaln Fks vkSj u Hkktik ds cM+s usrkA gkykafd Jh tsVyh ls esjs iqjkus lacèa k gS]a ij ;g mlwy dk ekeyk FkkA ckn esa blh ekeys ds cpko i{k esa v:.k tsVyh vkMok.kh th ds odhy cus vkSj mlds ckn Hkktik dh jktuhfr esa mBrs x,A ;kfpdk nk;j djrs le; jke tsBeykuh us viuh twfu;j yrkÑ’.kewfrZ dks gekjh ,MoksdVs vkWu fjdkMZ cuk;kA ;kfpdk dh izFke is”kh ds fnu eSa loksZPp U;k;ky; ds eq[; U;k;kèkh”k dh vnkyr esa cSBk FkkA rHkh jtuh”k us vkdj crk;k fd jke tsBeykuh fnYyh ls ckgj pys x, gSa vkSj “kkafr Hkw’k.k dksVZ ds 68

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

ckgj yrk dks Mk¡V jgs gSa vkSj gekjs i{k esa ftjg [kqn djus ij tksj ns jgs gaSA eSa rqjra ckgj vk;k vkSj muls fouezrk ls iwNk] rks os cM+s vkfèkdkfjd Loj esa cksys fd jke tsBeykuh muls ,slk djus dks dg dj fnYyh ls ckgj pys x, gSAa eSua s iwjs lEeku vkSj fouezrk ds lkFk] ij l[rh ls dgk fd ;kfpdkdrkZ eSa g¡]w jke tsBeykuh ugha vkSj eSa bl dsl ds fy, vkidks rdyhQ nsuk ugha pkgrkA “kkafr Hkw’k.k >q> a yk x, vkSj dsl dh Qkby yrk ds gkFk esa iVd dj pys x,A blds ckn vfuy nhoku us gekjs i{k esa ftjg dhA gesa viuh ;kfpdk esa Hkkjr ds eq[; U;k;kèkh”k ds fn”kk&funsZ”kksa ds eqrkfcd vDrwcj ls fnlEcj 1993 rd ckj&ckj la”kksèku djus iM+As tc ;g ekeyk Hkkjr ds eq[; U;k;kèkh”k ,e-,u- osd a VpyS;k dh vnkyr esa vk;k rks os vleatl esa FksA mUgksua s fVIi.kh dh fd fdlh i=dkj ds fy, ,d ?kksVkys esa ns”k ds 115 cM+s yksxksa dks idM+uk dSls laHko gks ldrk gS\ yxrk gS fd ;g i=dkj luluh QSykuk pkgrk gSA mUgksua s ckj&ckj nLrkostksa dk lzkrs crkus ij tksj fn;kA i=dkj ds ukrs ;g esjk fo”ks’kkfèkdkj Fkk fd eSa viuh lwpuk dk lzkrs xqIr j[k¡Aw bl rjg nks eghus xqtj x,A eq[; U;k;kèkh”k us ;kfpdk esa ls lHkh usrkvksa vkSj vQljksa ds uke gVok fn,A nwljh ckj mUgksua s esjh ;kfpdk esa ls tSu caèkqvksa dh [kkrk iqLrdksa ¼Mk;jh½ ds lc iUus Hkh fudyok fn,A geus viuh ;kfpdk esa lh-ch-vkbZ- ds fuyafcr MhvkbZ-thvks-ih- “kekZ dks Hkh fjLikaMVas cuk;k Fkk] rkfd muls bl dkaM ds “kq#vkrh rF; fudyok, tk lds]a fdarq eq[; U;k;kèkh”k ds vkns”k ij mudk uke Hkh ;kfpdk ls fudkyuk iM+kA ;kfpdk esa ckj&ckj ifjorZu gksus ls ge cgqr ijs”kku FksA gesa bldk vkSfpR; le> esa ugha vk jgk FkkA blls esjh vkSj jtuh”k dh HkkxnkSM+ dkQh c<+ xbZ FkhA gesa fnYyh ds vyx&vyx dksuksa ij cls vius lykgdkjksa ds ikl ;kfpdk ys dj jkr&fcjkr tkuk iM+rk FkkA gj ubZ ;kfpdk dh nl&nl QksVks dkWih lsV cuokus esa Hkh dkQh [kpZ tufgr ;kfpdk] ftlus jpk bfrgkl %

vkrk Fkk] tks gesa yksxksa ls ek¡xuk iM+rk FkkA iSlk nsus okys lkS&lkS #i, Hkh [kSjkr dh rjg nku djrs FksA mUgsa fo”okl Fkk fd ge fQtwy ds dke esa oDr cckZn dj jgs gSAa usrkvksa dk dqN fcxM+us okyk ugha gSA bl HkkxnkSM+ ds nkSjku lg;kfpdkdrkZ jktsUnz iqjh] iz”kkar Hkw’k.k o dkfeuh tk;loky dgha dHkh vklikl Hkh utj ugha vkrs FksA tjk lksfp, fd ,d rjQ dpgjh ds èkDds [kkuk] nwljh rjQ dgha ls dksbZ enn u feyuk] rhljh rjQ ehfM;k dk BaMk #[k] pkSFkh rjQ ftuds cwrs eqdnek yM+us dh fgEer dh Fkh] mu tsBeykuh dk ,slk cjrko] fQj fdl mEehn ds lgkjs [kM+s jgs gksx a \s og Hkh rc] tc pkjksa rjQ ls tku dk [krjk FkkA tc eq[; U;k;kèkh”k oSd a VpyS;k us ,d ckj fQj gekjs nLrkostksa dh fo”oluh;rk ij loky fd,] rks gekjs fo}ku odhy vfuy chnhoku us esjh lykg ij vnkyr ls dgk] ^vesfjdk ds e”kgwj okVjxsV dkaM esa i=dkj ls viuh usduh;r lkfcr djus ;k lzkrs dh igpku crkus ds fy, tksj ugha Mkyk x;k FkkA ogk¡ ds QsMjy dksVs Z us tk¡p ds vkns”k fn,A jk’Vªifr fuDlu nks’kh ik, x, vkSj mUgsa tkuk iM+kA* Jh nhoku us dgk fd] ^vnkyr lh-ch-vkbZ- dks uksfVl tkjh djsA vxj gekjs vkjksi xyr ik, tk,¡ rks fouhr ukjk;.k ds f[kykQ vnkyr dks xqejkg djus dh dkjZokbZ dh tk ldrh gSA* ik¡p lquokb;ksa ds ckn vkf[kjdkj bl etcwr rdZ ij loksZPp U;k;ky; us 15 fnlacj 1993 dks gekjh ;kfpdk ds vkèkkj ij lh-ch-vkbZ- dks uksfVl tkjh fd;kA uoacj 1993 esa lsl a j ds ekeys esa feys U;k;ewfrZ Jh ysfa Vu ds fu.kZ; ds ckn bl ekeys esa ;g gekjh nwljh egÙoiw.kZ fot; FkhA

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

10 lg&;kfpdkdrkZvksa dh fooknkLin Hkwfedk eSa igys crk pqdk gw¡ fd ;kfpdk rS;kj djrs oä ofj’B odhy jke tsBeykuh us dSls dqN ,sls yksxksa dks tcju lg&;kfpdkdrkZ cuk fn;k Fkk] ftudk bl ekeys ls dksbZ ysuk&nsuk ugha FkkA pwfa d esjs ikl tsBeykuh dks Qhl nsus ds fy, iSls Fks ugha] fygktk eSa muds jgeks&dje ij fuHkZj FkkA blfy, eq>s bu lg&;kfpdkdrkZvksa dks Lohdkj djuk iM+kA eqdnes ds nkSjku bu yksxksa us D;k fd;k ;g crkus dh t:jr ugha iM+rh] vxj bu yksxksa us bl ekeys dh lQyrk dk flQZ Js; gh fy;k gksrkA gkykafd ;g nks o’kZ ckn dh ?kVuk gS] fQj Hkh bl vè;k; ds lanHkZ esa bldk mYys[k djuk t:jh gSA tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj& vkradokn&gokyk dkaM esa tc tuojh 1996 esa ns’k ds reke cM+s jktusrkvksa dks Hkkjr ds bfrgkl esa igyh ckj pktZ”khV fd;k x;k] rks tkfgju lkjh nqfu;k dh ehfM;k meM+ iM+hA bl vpkud feys volj ij ;s yksx vuki&”kuki cksyus yxsA buds c;ku v[kckjksa esa ns[kdj eq>s cgqr èkDdk yxk fd esjs cqtqxZ i=dkj jkftanj iqjh rd izl s esa dSls ,slk xyr c;ku ns ldrs gS\a muds c;kuksa ls ;g ladrs feyk ekuks tSu Mk;jh mUgksua s gh [kksth Fkh o mUgksua s gh ;g dsl nk;j fd;k FkkA njvly] 16 tuojh 1996 dks feyh ,sfrgkfld lQyrk ds ckn eSa pkj fnu ds fy, ehfM;k dh ig¡qp ls nwj] ,d lar dh lykg ij muds vkJe tEew&d”ehj ds “kgj Åèkeiqj pyk x;k FkkA fnYyh ykSVdj eSua s ns[kk fd dbZ v[kckjksa us bl ekeys esa gekjs ;ksxnku dks ;k rks utjvankt dj fn;k Fkk ;k fQj nwljs ;kfpdkdrkZvksa ds cjkcj dk gh ekuk FkkA ehfM;k vkSj ckgj ds vusd fe=ksa us tks fiNys o’kks± ds dfBu la?k’kZ dh vlfy;r tkurs Fks] eq>s Qksu dj viuh fpark trkbZ fd dSls bruh xyr lwpuk,sa Ni jgh gSAa esjk lg&;kfpdkdrkZvksa dh fooknkLin Hkwfedk %

;gh dguk Fkk] lp lkeus vk tk,xkA bl chp gekjs ofj’B odhy vfuy nhoku ;g lc ns[kdj cgqr ukjkt gks x,] D;ksfa d os tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM esa vU; ;kfpdkdrkZvksa dh v#fp ls okfdQ FksA mUgksua s gh rks jkr&fnu esgur djds vkSj eq>ls o jtuh”k ls esgur djokdj ;g dsl yM+k FkkA blfy, lQyrk dk lsgjk iguus ds oDr bl rjg ckgj pys tkus ds fy, mUgksua s eq>s MkaVkA viuh Hkkoukvksa dk btgkj djrs gq, 25 tuojh 1996 dks mUgksua s eq>s ,d egÙoiw.kZ i= Hkstk] tks bl izdkj gS %

fiz; fouhr ukjk;.k] 16 tuojh 1996 dks gekjh fiNys nks o’kks± dh esgur jax ykbZA lh-ch-vkbZ- dks etcwj gks dj lkr izeq[k jktusrkvksa o rhu dSfcusV eaf=;ksa ds f[kykQ pktZ“khV nkf[ky djuh iM+ h A eq>ls dgha NksVh ih<+h ds gksus ds ukrs rqeus vius vkSj ifjokj ds fy, cgqr [krjk eksy fy;k tc rqeus ;g dkaM NsM+kA bl nkSjku rqeus vuqdj.kh; lkgl fn[kk;k vkSj rqe dHkh Hkh u rks nckoksa ls >qds vkSj u gh èkefd;ksa ls Mjs vkSj rqeus lkjs foÙkh; izyksHkuksa dks Hkh Bqdjk fn;kA bl dsl ds ckjs esa rF;ksa dh [kkst djus esa iwjk Js; dsoy rqEgsa gh tkrk gSA bu o’kks± esa rqeus dfBu ifjJe dj vkSj jkr&fnu tqVs jgdj lkexzh bdëh dh vkSj “kiFk i= nkf[ky fd,A eSa eglwl djrk g¡w fd bl ekSds ij rqEgsa cèkkbZ nsuk vkSj rqEgkjh iz”kalk djuk esjk QtZ curk gS] rkfd rqEgkjs iz;klksa dh de ls de esjs }kjk vuns[kh vkSj mis{kk u gksA Ñi;k jtuh”k dks Hkh es j k èkU;okn dguk] ftlus cM+ h dq”kyrk ls jkr&fnu gekjh enn dhA 72

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

eSa gw¡ os

fo”ks’k :i ls rqEgkjh iRuh ehrk dh iz”kalk djuk pkgrk vkSj ;g ntZ djkuk pkgrk gw¡ fd ijh{kk dh bl ?kM+h esa lnSo pêku dh rjg rqEgkjs lkFk [kM+h jghaA eSa vk”kk djrk gw¡ fd rqels izsj.kk ysdj ukStoku ihf<+ ; k¡ vius ns ” k dh bl Hkz ’ V jktuhfrd O;oLFkk dks lqèkkjus ds fy, tufgr esa O;fäxr tksf[ke mBkus ls ugha fgpds a x hA ln~ H kkoukvks a lfgr] rq E gkjk vfuy chnhoku gokyk ekeys esa gekjs ofj’B odhy Jh nhoku dk ;g i= lkfcr dj nsrk gS fd bl dsl dks yM+us esa lg&;kfpdkdrkZvksas dh ctk; eq>s vius lg;ksxh jtuh”k vkSj viuh iRuh ehrk dk lg;ksx feyk FkkA tgk¡ rd bl ekeys esa lg&;kfpdkdrkZvksa dh lfØ;rk dk loky gS] jkftanj iqjh dHkh fdlh yhxy dkUÝsl a esa ugha vk,A mUgksua s dHkh dsl Qkby rS;kj djus dh tger ugha mBkbZA gokyk dsl dh Qkbyksa dk ,d xV~Bj rS;kj gks pqdk gSA gj eqdnek yM+us okys dks bldk vuqHko gSA ij bu rhuksa lg&;kfpdkdrkZvksa ij bl dsl dh Qkby gh ugha gSA vxj bUgksua s dsl esa #fp dHkh yh gksrh] rks Qkby curhA uoacj 1994 esa U;k;ewfrZ Jh oekZ dk dM+k #[k ns[kus ds ckn nks&pkj ckj gh Jh iqjh “kq: esa gh vnkyr esa vk,A ctk; enn djus ds os ges’kk eq>s ;kfpdk okil ysus dh lykg nsrs jgsA mudk rdZ Fkk fd bu ttksa esa bruh fgEer ugha fd brus Å¡ps jktuhfrKksa dks Nq,Aas mudh ftn bruh vlqfoèkktud gks xbZ fd eSua s mudk Qksu vkus ij ckr djuk NksM+ fn;kA vycÙkk Jh iqjh us 1994 esa Hkkjr ds jk’Vªifr dks ,d fpëh t:j fy[kh] tks muds lg&;kfpdkdrkZvksa dh fooknkLin Hkwfedk %

O;fDrxr laidks± ls fnYyh ds v[kckjksa esa NihA mUgksua s dqN dkVwZu Hkh cuk, vkSj bl ekeys esa dqN ys[k Hkh fy[ksA iz”kakr Hkw’k.k us dHkh bl ekeys dks xaHkhjrk ls ugha fy;kA ekpZ 1994 dh ckr gS] tc iz”kkar Hkw’k.k ljnkj iVsy Ldwy ds izkx a .k esa feysA ge yksx vius cPpksa ds fjtYV ysus x, FksA eSua s mUgsa jksd dj iwNk fd ;kfpdk nkf[ky djus ds ckn ls os dHkh fn[ks D;ksa ugha\ mudk tokc Fkk % bl dsl esa dqN ugaha gksus okyk] rqe csdkj le; [kjkc dj jgs gksA esjk mÙkj Fkk] ^gekjs pkgus ls D;k gksrk gS] Ñ’.k pkgas rks lc dqN dj ldrs gSAa * os O;aX;kRed eqLdqjkgV fc[ksjrs gq, ogk¡ ls pys x,A esjs fy, ;g u;k vuqHko ugha FkkA tc Hkh fdlh ls dgrk fd Ñ’.k dk fufeÙk cudj ;q) yM+ jgk gw]¡ rks yksx eq>s Hkkoqd le> dj blh rjg eqLdqjk nsrs FksA lc ;gh dgrs Fks fd ftrus rkdroj usrkvksa ls rqeus ;q) NsMk+ gS muds f[kykQ orZeku O;oLFkk esa dqN Hkh dj ikuk vlaHko gSA dkfeuh Tkk;loky odhy gksus ds ukrs dqN T;knk gh vk”oLr Fkha fd dqN ugha gksxkA os Hkh ges”kk grksRlkfgr djrh jgha fd dqN ugha gksxkA ij os nks&pkj yhxy dkaÝl as esa t:j vkb±A tcfd tqykbZ 1997 rd lkS ls Hkh T;knk dkUÝsl a Jh nhoku ds dk;kZy; esa gks pqdh FkhaA lqizhe dksVZ ls tqMs+ odhy o dkuwuh laoknnkrk gh ugha] U;k;ky; ds lqj{kkdehZ rd tkurs gSa fd iwjk dsl eSa vkSj jtuh”k gh yM+rs jgs gSAa lcls T;knk rks lh-ch-vkbZokys] tSu caèkq vkSj tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM esa vkjksfir gq, jktusrk vkSj vQlj tkurs gSa fd gokyk dk dsl dkSu yM+rk jgk gS\ gekjs dsl dh lHkh rkjh[kksa ij izk;% vius nwljs eqdneksa esa vU;= O;Lr jgus okys odhy iz”kkar Hkw’k.k vkSj dkfeuh tk;loky vpkud 1995 ds ebZ eghus ds vafre lIrkg esa eq>s lqizhe dksVZ esa feysA nksuksa cM+s rS’k esa FksA mUgksaus crk;k fd]^^lh-ch-vkbZ- ds rRdkyhu Mh-vkbZ-th- vkeksn daB dks vpkud gokyk dsl dh tk¡p 74

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

ls gVk fn;k x;k gSA D;ksfa d os cM+h eqLrSnh vkSj bZekunkjh ls tk¡p dj jgs FksA** 1 twu dks tulÙkk us mudh gh rjg fpark trkrs gq, [kcj Hkh NkihA nksuksa us ftn dh fd eSa Jh nhoku dh ekQZr ttksa ls vkxzg d:¡ fd lh-ch-vkbZ- ls mudk rcknyk #dok fn;k tk,A mu fnuksa Jh daB us ns”k ds i=&if=dkvksa esa viuk dkQh izpkj djok;kA eq>s vk”p;Z gqvk fd dqN i=dkj tks gekjs ckj&ckj lkexzh nsus ds ckotwn lh-ch-vkbZ- dh csbZekuh dks ugha mNky jgs Fks] vpkud lh-ch-vkbZ- ds gh Mh-vkbZ-th- vkeksn daB dks bruk efgekeafMr djus esa D;ksa tqV x, Fks \ [kSj eSua s iz”kkar vkSj dkfeuh ls lkQ dgk fd vkeksn daB dk rcknyk #dokuk dksjh cdokl vkSj fufgr LokFkhZ yksxkssa dh lkft”k ekudj [kkfjt dj nsuk pkfg,A D;ksafd Jh daB tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM dh tkap Vhe ds yacs le; ls bapktZ FksA mUgksua s tkucw> dj ,sls ntZuksa dke fd, ftlls gokyk dh tk¡p ij foijhr vlj iM+k o bl dkaM ds vijkfèk;ksa dks fudy Hkkxus dk ekSdk feykA blds fy, os iwjh rjg ftEesnkj gSAa Jh daB vkSj lh-ch-vkbZ- dh Vhe dh tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn& gokyk dkaM esa dksrkgh dks ysdj dkypØ us ckn esa vxLr 1995 esa ,d v[kckj Nkik ftldh ”kh’kZ dFkk Fkh] ^LVSM a &vi vkeksn daB* rkfd mudk iz”kfLrxku djus okyksa dks mudh vlfy;r dk irk py tk,A bl ys[k esa mBk, x, lokyksa dk lh-ch-vkbZ- vkSj Jh daB ds ikl dksbZ tokc ugha gSA Jh daB dk rcknyk mudk lh-ch-vkbZesa dk;Zdky iwjk gksus ds dkj.k gqvk FkkA gokyk dsl esa viuh detksfj;ksa dks fNikus ds fy, os ukgd gh ghjks cuus dh dksf”k”k dj jgs FksA ;gk¡ ;g ;kn fnykuk t:jh gS fd ebZ 1991 esa tc lqjnas z tSu ds ;gk¡ Nkis ds ckn ekeyk jQk&nQk fd;k x;k ml le; vkeksn daB panz”ks[kj ljdkj ds mi&x`g ea=h lqcksèk dkar lgk; ls O;fDrxr lacèa kksa ds dkj.k muds futh lfpo FksA Jh lgk; ds lg&;kfpdkdrkZvksa dh fooknkLin Hkwfedk %

pankz Lokeh ls vkSj pankz Lokeh ds tSu caèkqvksa ls ?kfu’B lEcaèk tx&tkfgj gSAa bruk gh ugha vkeksn daB ds lxs cM+s HkkbZ ds “olqj gokyk dkaM esa vkjksfir gksus okys Hkktik ds ,d ofj’B usrk FksA ,sls esa vkeksn daB dks Loa; gh bl tk¡p ls gV tkuk pkfg, FkkA ij mUgksua s ;g rF; fNikdj j[kk vkSj tk¡p dks [kjkc djus dk dk;Z fd;kA ;g lc tkurs gq, Hkh iz”kkar Hkw’k.k o dkfeuh muds i{k esa brus lfØ; D;ksa Fks\ tjk lksfp, ,d rjQ rks ge fiNys nks o’kZ ls lh-ch-vkbZij tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM nckus dk vkjksi yxk jgs Fks vkSj nwljh rjQ iz”kkar vkSj dkfeuh pkgrs Fks fd ge vkeksn daB dh rkjhQ djds mudk rcknyk #dok nsAa dkuwu dh FkksMh+ lh Hkh le> j[kus okyk O;fDr le> ldrk gS fd ;fn ge ,slk djrs rks vius gh iSjksa ij dqYgkM+h ekj cSBrsA gekjk dne fojksèkkHkklh gksrkA dksVZ dgrk fd tc vki gokyk dsl dh tk¡p dj jgs MhvkbZ-th- ls bruk [kq”k g® rks fQj vkidks lh-ch-vkbZ- ls D;k f”kdk;r gS\ D;ksa u vkidk eqdnek [kkfjt dj fn;k tk,A 1995 dh xfeZ;ksa esa mUgha fnuksa ,d vkSj jkspd okd;k gqvkA vk;dj foHkkx esa mifuns”kd ¼tkap½ Mh-lh- vxzoky us eq>ls cM+s fQYeh vankt esa laidZ fd;kA os Qksu ij fcuk viuk ifjp; fn, cksys fd eSa muls dgha feyw]¡ D;ksfa d os eq>s dsl ds ckjs esa dqN [kkl tkudkjh nsus okys gSAa mudk Qksu ckj&ckj vkus ds ckotwn eSua s fcuk lgh ifjp; ds feyus ls euk dj fn;kA tSu caèkq fxj¶rkj gks pqds Fks vkSj jktuhfrd {ks=ksa esa dkQh vkrad FkkA eq>s lkoèkku jguk Fkk fd bl rjg dksbZ vutku O;fDr eq>s xk;c gh u djok nsA gkjdj mUgksua s viuk ifjp; fn;kA r; gqvk fd nksigj Bhd ckjg cts gkWfyMs&bu gksVy ¼yfyr½] caxkyh ekdsZV ds lkeus yky :eky fgyk dj os eq>ls feysx a As tc os fuèkkZfjr LFkku ij feys] rks mudk psgjk eSa igpku x;k] D;ksfa d fiNyh dqN rkjh[kksa ls os dksVZ esa fn[krs jgs FksA ;g lksp dj fd dgha os tSu ds vkneh u gks]a eSua s mudk ifjp; i= ns[kkA mudk nkok Fkk fd os bl dsl dh eqLrSnh 76

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

ls tk¡p dj jgs gSa vkSj blfy, mudk rcknyk #dokus ds fy, eSa ,d tufgr ;kfpdk ij nLr[kr dj nw]¡ rkfd os gh bl ekeys dh tk¡p djrs jgaAs eSua s mUgsa nks Vwd tokc fn;k fd vkius vkt rd fd;k gh D;k gS flok; gokyk vkjksfi;ksa dks cpkus ds \ eSa vkids dke ls cgqr uk[kq”k gw¡ vkSj ,slh ew[kZrk ugha d:¡xkA gesa tk¡p Bhd gksus ls eryc gSA dkSu djrk gS] ;g ljdkj tkusA vius iz;kl esa ukdke jgs bu nks vQljksa ds gd esa blds rqjra ckn dqN vutku fdLe ds ,sls yksxksa us tufgr ;kfpdk nkf[ky dh] ftudk gekjs dsl ls dksbZ ysuk&nsuk ugha FkkA ets dh ckr ;g gS fd tc mudh ;g ;kfpdk twu 1995 esa loksZPp U;k;ky; dh *oSd”s ku csp a * ds lkeus is”k gqbZ] rks U;k;ewfrZ;ksa us dgk fd bls gokyk ekeys dh lquokbZ dj jgh fo”ks’k csp a ds lkeus gh yk;k tk,A ;kuh ml csp a ds lkeus] tks uoacj 1994 ls bl ekeys dh lquokbZ dj jgh FkhA vkeksn daB vkSj Mh-lh- vxzoky ds fgrksa dks lkèkus okyh bl [kke[okg dh n[kyvankth okyh rFkkdfFkr tufgr ;kfpdk dks vnkyr esa ykus ls lacfa èkr xfrfofèk;ksa esa dkfeuh tk;loky dh Hkwfedk dks ysdj vfuy nhoku csgn ukjkt gq,A mUgksusa s eq>s eqca bZ ls Qksu dj fcuk otg gh MkaVkA mudks ukjktxh Fkh fd lg&;kfpdkdrkZ fcuk mudh jk; fy, ,sls dke D;ksa dj jgs FksA mUgksua s eq>s oSd”s ku csp a ds lkeus lrdZ jgus dks dgk] rkfd gekjs dsl dks ysdj dqN xM+cM+ u djok nh tk,A ,slh gh ,d dkjZokbZ ds fnu vnkyr esa bafM;u ,Dlizl s ds fofèk laoknnkrk jktu u¸;j esjs ikl cSBs FksA eq>s ;g ns[kdj cspSuh gks jgh Fkh fd gekjs ekeys dks detksj djus ds fy, bu vQljksa }kjk ihNs ls ;g dke fd;k tk jgk FkkA eSua s Jh u¸;j ls dgk fd bl vViVh ;kfpdk ds odhyksa ds lkFk vnkyr esa ml oDr [kM+h dkfeuh us ;fn vnkyr ds lkeus bu vfèkdkfj;ksa ds i{k esa dqN Hkh dgk] rks eq>s [kM+s gksdj vnkyr dk è;ku [khapuk gksxkA jktu cksy& s ,slk er djuk] rqEgkjs fojksfèk;ksa dks xyr lan”s k tk,xk fd lg&;kfpdkdrkZvksa dh fooknkLin Hkwfedk %

;kfpdkdrkZvksa esa gh QwV iM+ xbZ gSA blls rqEgkjk dsl detksj gksxkA* ij bldh ukScr gh ugha vkbZ] D;ksfa d ml csp a us ekeyk gekjs ewy dsl ls lacfa èkr csp a ds lkeus gh ykus ds fy, dg fn;kA ,d vkS j ckr ls ges a dkQh fnôr jghA gekjh lg&;kfpdkdrkZ dkfeuh tk;loky gokyk dkjksckjh ewypan “kkg ds fgrksa dh j{kk ds fy, rRij FkhaA bl ckr dk ge ij ges”kk vizR;{k ncko iM+rk FkkA gesa ;g cgqr ckn esa irk pyk fd dkfeuh tk;loky] ewypan “kkg dh ,MoksdVs FkhaA fQj D;ksa tsBeykuh us mUgsas ;kfpdkdrkZ cuk;k] ;g le> esa ugha vkrkA ;g xSjdkuwuh Hkh FkkA ewypan “kkg ml oDr eqca bZ ce dkaM ds fy, iSls nsus ds ekeys esa VkMk esa can FkkA mls igys tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM esa vizSy 1991 esa fxj¶rkj fd;k x;k Fkk vkSj og dqN fnuksa rd fgjklr esa jgk FkkA ckn esa mls fjgk dj fn;k x;k Fkk] D;ksfa d lh-ch-vkbZ- mls bl ekeys ls vyx j[kdj cM+s jktuhfrKksa dks cpkuk pkgrh FkhA Jh nhoku dks ;g rc irk pyk] tc mUgksua s dkfeuh dks jke tsBeykuh ds lkFk ewypan “kkg ds cpko esa vnkyr esa [kM+s ns[kkA ml fnu “kke dks dkUÝsl a ds nkSjku os cgqr Øksfèkr gq,A mUgksua s jke tsBeykuh dh twfu;j o gekjh ,MoksdVs &vkWu& fjdkMZ yrk Ñ’.kkewfrZ dks [kwc QVdkjk fd muls tsBeykuh] yrk vkSj dkfeuh us vkt rd ;g rF; D;ksa fNik;k\ njvly] bl rjg gekjh ;kfpdk esa dkfeuh tk;loky dk lg&;kfpdkdrkZ cuuk dkuwu dh vkpkj lafgrk vkSj e;kZnkvksa ds fo#) FkkA dkfeuh vkSj tsBeykuh dks ;g vuSfrd dk;Z ugha djuk pkfg, FkkA blds ckn 1995 esa gh ,d vkSj fnypLi ?kVuk gqbZA gkWfyMs&bu ds ekfyd yfyr lwjh ds [kses ds ,d fe= i=dkj esjs ikl vk, vkSj dgk fd eSa Hkkjr ljdkj ds f[kykQ ,d vkSj tufgr ;kfpdk nk;j d:¡A ;g ekeyk Hkkjrh; eqnzk dh NikbZ ds fy, fn, x, vUrjkZ’Vªh; Bsds ls lacfa èkr FkkA bu i=dkj caèkq us crk;k fd Hkkjr ljdkj us fLoV~tjySM a dh daiuh dks gVk dj 78

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

tkiku dh daiuh dks uksV Nkius dk Bsdk ns fn;k gSA eSua s iwNk blesa tufgr D;k gksxk& rks os le>k u ldsA ij cksys fd ;fn eSa ;kfpdkdrkZ cu tkrk g¡]w rks eq>s fLol daiuh dh rjQ ls vPNh&[kklh jde feysxh vkSj fons”k ?kweus dk ekSdk Hkh] mu fnuksa gekjh foÙkh; gkyr cgqr [kjkc FkhA ij eSua s muls dgk fd eSa ogh eqís mBkrk gw¡ ftUgsa eSa xgjkbZ ls eglwl djrk gwA¡ iSls ds fy, ;g dke ugha dj ldrkA eSua s mUgsa lkQ euk dj fn;k] D;ksfa d eq>s bldk mís”; le> esa vk jgk Fkk] tks “kk;n mu i=dkj caèkq dks Hkh ugha crk;k x;k FkkA eq>s ugha irk fd dSls jkftanj iqjh bl ^>kal*s esa vk x, vkSj cgqjk’Vªh; daifu;ksa dh yM+kbZ esa dwn iM+As tc rd eq>s bldk irk pyk] rc rd dkQh nsj gks pqdh Fkh vkSj iqjh fdlh dke ls yanu pys x, FksA Hkkjrh; eqnzk Nkius ds Bsds ls lacfa èkr bl ekeys esa Jh nhoku vthc fLFkfr esa Qal x, Fks] D;ksfa d os tkikuh daiuh ds odhy Fks vkSj mUgsa bl dsl esa tkikuh daiuh dh vksj ls foi{kh ;kfpdkdrkZ jkftanj iqjh dh fo”oluh;rk ij maxyh mBkuh FkhA [ksy Li’V FkkA gekjs fojksèkh gesa vthcksxjhc fLFkfr esa Qalkuk pkgrs FksA Jh nhoku jkftanj iqjh dh bl ckr ls csgn ukjkt gq,A mUgksua s eq>s eqca bZ ls Qksus dj QVdkj yxkbZ fd lg&;kfpdkdrkZ D;ksa ,sls dke dj jgs gSa ftlls gokyk dsl dks uqdlku gksA mUgkaus s eq>s vius lg&;kfpdkdrkZvksa ij fu;a=.k u j[kus ds fy, Hkh QVdkjkA eSua s mUgsa crk;k fd bl ekeys esa eSa dj gh D;k ldrk g¡\w ;s rhuksa lg&;kfpdkdrkZ jke tsBeykuh us Fkksis gS]a ;s esjh D;ksa lqux as \s blls igys Hkh jkftanj iqjh us iwoZ izèkkuea=h paæ”ks[kj ds lkFk uk”rk djus dk U;kSrk Lohdkj djus ds ckn] fdlh ls iwNs fcuk] mudk uke gokyk ?kksVkys esa u gksus dk xSj&ftEesnkjkuk izl s c;ku tkjh dj gekjs fy, ijs”kkuh [kM+h dj nh FkhA og Hkh rc] tc iqjh ds ikl u rks tSu Mk;jh dh [kkrk iqLrdksa dk ,d Hkh iUuk lg&;kfpdkdrkZvksa dh fooknkLin Hkwfedk %

Fkk vkSj u gh os bl dsl dh ckjhfd;ksa ls okfdQ FksA njvly] tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk ?kksVkys dks nckus dk dke rks iwoZ izèkkuea=h panz”ks[kj ds le; esa gh gqvkA 3 ebZ 1991 dks lqjnas z tSu ds ;gk¡ tc Nkik iM+k Fkk] rc ogh izèkkuea=h FksA lh-ch-vkbZ- lhèks muds vèkhu FkhA mUgha ds “kklu esa tSu caèkqvksa ds ;gk¡ ls tCr dkxtkr dks fNIkkdj lh-ch-vkbZ- us lhy dj fn;k FkkA 16 tuojh 1996 dh ,sfrgkfld lQyrk ds ckn tc v[kckj vkSj Vh-oh- okyksa dks izfrfØ;k nsus ds fy, eSa pkj fnu rd miyCèk ugha gqvk] rks tkfgj gS fd mUgsa vU; ;kfpdkdrkZvksa ds ikl nkSMu+ k iM+kA ets dh ckr ;g Fkh fd tc i=dkjksa us dsl ds ckjs esa foLr`r tkudkjh vkSj nLrkost ek¡x]s rks rhuksa ;kfpdkdrkZ cxysa >k¡dus yxsA etcwju bUgsa dguk iM+k fd ;g lc tkudkjh mUgsa dkypØ lekpkj VªLV ds n¶rj ls gh feysxhA bl nkSjku esjh iRuh MkW- ehrk ukjk;.k dkypØ dk;kZy; esa ehfM;k okyksa dks dsl ls lacfa èkr lkjh tkudkfj;k¡ o nLrkost nsrh jgha] D;ksfa d nwljs ;kfpdkdrkZvksa ds ikl rks bl dsl dh Qkby rd ugha cuh FkhA ch-ch-lh-] VsyhxzkQ] bafM;u ,Dlizl s ] QkWj bZLVuZ bdkukWfed fjO;w] VkWbe] ,f’k;k ohd vkfn us eq>ls d”ehj esa gh VsyhQksu ij ckr dh vkSj mlh ds vkèkkj ij [kcjsa NkihaA v[kckjksa ls tqMs+ ftu egÙoiw.kZ yksxksa us ogk¡ Qksu ij cèkkbZ nh] muesa ,u- jke] ujsna z eksgu vkSj vHk; Ntykuh izeq[k gSAa bl dsl ds nwjxkeh ifj.kkeksa dks ysdj “kksHkuk Hkjfr;k us Qksu ij gh fpark trkbZA esjh vuqifLFkfr esa bu pkj fnuksa esa feys vk”kkrhr izpkj ls jkftanj iqjh dqN cgd x, vkSj dbZ if=dkvksa rFkk v[kckjkas esa mUgksua s ,sls c;ku ns Mkys fd tSu Mk;jh mUgsa gh feyh Fkh vkSj ;g dsl “kq: ls os gh yM+ jgs gSAa fnYyh ds dqyhu yksxksa ds Dyc bafM;k baVjus”kuy lsVa j esa cSBus okys dbZ yksxksa us eq>s crk;k fd iqjh mu fnuksa lsVa j esa cSBdj gokyk dsl yM+us dh yach&yach Mhaxs 80

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

gk¡dus yxs] tcfd bu yksxksa dks vlfy;r igys ls gh irk FkhA ml oDr feys izpkj ds dkj.k iqjh dks bl dsl dk tUenkrk ekuus okyksa dh vkt Hkh deh ugha gSA xuher gS] tc lPpkbZ tkuus okyksa dk uSfrd ncko muij iM+k] rks mUgksua s vius oDrO;ksa esa la”kksèku fd;kA ;fn iqjh vkSj dkfeuh tk;loky ds ÅViVkax c;ku u vkrs] rks eSa dHkh Hkh bl ekeys ij la?k’kZ dh vlfy;r mtkxj u djrkA 1993 ls 1996 rd tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM ij ns”kHkj esa Hkkjr dh reke Hkk’kkvksa esa geus cgqr ckj yk[kksa ipsZa c¡Vok,A ij buesa eSua s ges”kk pkjksa ;kfpdkdrkZvksa dk cjkcjh ls mYys[k fd;kA lg&;kfpdkdrkZvksa dh Hkwfedk dSlh vkSj fdruh Fkh] bldk vanktk vc rd ikBdksa dks fey x;k gksxkA ;gk¡ ;g mYys[kuh; gS fd lqçhe dksVZ esa tufgr ;kfpdk nk;j djus ds ckn ntZuksa rkjh[ksa iM+hAa lg&;kfpdkdrkZ bu rkjh[kksa ij vnkyr esa mifLFkr jguk Hkh t:jh ugha le>rs FksA fQj Hkh usrkvksa ds f[kykQ tc pktZ”khV nk;j gqbZ] rks tcju lg&;kfpdkdrkZ cuk fn, x, bu rhuksa yksxksa dks bl eqdnes dk Js; fn;k x;k vkSj mUgksua s ;g Js; ys Hkh fy;kA ;gk¡ ;g mYys[k djuk jkspd jgsxk fd vkSj fnuksa dh ckr NksM+ Hkh nsa rks] ftl fnu ;kuh 16 tuojh 1996 dks ;g ,sfrgkfld miyfCèk gqb]Z ml fnu Hkh pkjksa ;kfpdkdrkZvksa esa ls flQZ eSa gh] ges”kk dh rjg] vnkyr esa ekStnw FkkA bl Hkkjh lQyrk ds ckn gh iqjh us dsoy dqN rkjh[kksa ij fu;fer vnkyr vkuk “kq: fd;kA nks eghus esa mudk ;g mRlkg Hkh BaMk gks x;kA dksVZ dh gj rkjh[k ls igys dh dfBu rS;kfj;kssa esa mudh dHkh Hkh dksbZ Hkwfedk ugha jghA ;g cM+h fpark dh ckr Fkh fd iz”kkar Hkw’k.k] muds firk “kkafr Hkw’k.k vkSj jke tsBeykuh 1995 ls gh bl ckr ds ihNs iM+s gq, Fks fd ge bl dsl esa tk¡p dh ctk; lh-ch-vkbZ- dks Lok;Ùkrk fn, lg&;kfpdkdrkZvksa dh fooknkLin Hkwfedk %

tkus dh ek¡x djsAa ;gh ckr v#.k tsVyh Hkh ckj&ckj dgrs FksA gesa ;g irk py pqdk Fkk fd ;s yksx fdlh Hkh rjg Jh vkMok.kh dks tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj& vkradokn&gokyk dkaM ls cpkuk pkgrs FksA blhfy, ;g rkuk&ckuk cquk tk jgk FkkA ij eSua s buds lq>koksa dks rjthg ugha nh vkSj u gh Jh nhoku usA ij tqykbZ 1997 ds ckn tc U;k;kèkh”kksa us esjs rh[ks rsoj okys i= ds ckn vius Åij iM+ jgs ^ncko* dk jgL;ksn~?kkVu fd;k] rks tSlk igys crk pqdk gw]¡ Jh nhoku eq>ls ukjkt gks x,A bu yksxksa us bl ekSds dk Qk;nk mBk;k vkSj Jh nhoku dks iwjh rjg lh-ch-vkbZ- dh Lok;Ùkrk vkSj dsna zh; lrdZrk vk;ksx ds iquxZBu tSls dke esa my>k fn;kA loksZPp U;k;ky; esa vc gokyk dsl dh ctk; dkuwu dh fo}Ùkkiw.kZ O;k[;k okys yacs mckÅ Hkk’k.k gksus yxsA ftl gokyk dsl esa tk¡p dh ek¡x dks ysdj ge pkj o’kZ igys vnkyr vk, Fks] og bu cglksa esa cM+h gksf”k;kjh ls ihNs <dsy fn;k x;kA urhtk ;g gqvk fd gokyk dsl dh lquokbZ ds nkSjku ges”kk odhyksa vkSj i=dkjksa ls [kpk[kp Hkjk jgus okyk dksVZ uacj&1 vc gekjh rkjh[k ij Hkh [kkyh jgus yxkA yksxksa dks ,glkl gks x;k fd ekeys dks [kRe djus dk dk;ZØe py jgk gSA blfy, lcdh #fp dsl esa [kRe gksrh xbZA eq>ls ;g cnkZ”r ugha gqvkA 22 flrEcj 1997 dks eSua s vfuy nhoku dks ,d i= Hkstk vkSj mldh ,d izfr Hkkjr ds eq[; U;k;kèkh”k dks Hkh HksthA bl i= ds dqN va”k bl izdkj gSa % ^fiNys dqN g¶rksa ls eSa vkSj esjs izfrfufèk cM+s è;ku ls gokyk dsl esa lqizhe dksVZ esa dh tk jgh vkidh izLrqfr;ksa dks lqu jgs gSAa fu%langs Hkfo’; esa ns”k ds rkdroj yksxksa ds f[kykQ bZekunkjh ls tk¡p gks lds] bl fo’k; esa vkius dkQh rS;kjh dh gSA ij eSa vkidk è;ku fuEu rF;ksa dh vksj vkdf’kZr djuk pkgrk gw¡ % 1fiNys 20 o’kks± ls ,d ds ckn ,d lh-ch-vkbZ- ds lHkh funs”kd lh-ch-vkbZ- dks laoSèkkfud ntkZ fnykus dh dksf”k”k esa 82

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

ukdke jgs gSAa njvly] lh-ch-vkbZ- rks ,d Hkzked uke gS] D;ksfa d ;g rks fnYyh iqfyl bLVSfCy”kesVa ,DV ls fu;af=r gksrh gSA jkT; ds eq[; iz”kkld dh vuqefr ds cxSj bls ml jkT; esa tk¡p djus dk dksbZ vfèkdkj ugha gSA blfy, ;g dsoy dsna z ljdkj vkSj lkoZtfud izfr’Bkuksa ds deZpkfj;ksa ds Hkz’Vkpkj ds ekeys esa gh tk¡p djrh gSA tc laln gh lh-ch-vkbZ- dks lEekuuh; ntkZ nsus dks rS;kj ugha gS] rks vki dSls mEehn dj jgs gSa fd og bl csne laLFkk dks Lok;Ùkrk ns nsxh ;k blds funs”kd ds p;u esa ikjnf”kZrk ykus okyk dkuwu cuk,xh] tcfd vkt rd lh-ch-vkbZ- cM+s in ij cSBs ,d Hkh O;fDr dks ltk ugha fnyok ikbZ gS\ 2fiNys fnuksa U;k;ewfrZ Jh ,l-ih- Hk:pk us vkidks Bhd gh lykg nh Fkh fd vki viuk è;ku bl dsl ¼gokyk½ dh rjQ nsAa mUgksua s vkils ;g Hkh dgk Fkk fd vki rks bl dsl dh tk¡p esa gks jgh dfe;ksa dks lkeus yk,sAa eq>s [kq”kh gS fd lqizhe dksVZ ds U;k;ewfrZx.k vkSj fnYyh gkbZdksVZ ds U;k;ewfrZ Jh “kehe lfgr vki Hkh bl ckr ls lger gSa fd lh-ch-vkbZ-] vk;dj foHkkx o izorZu funs”kky; bl dsl dh tk¡p esa viuh ftEesnkjh fuHkkus esa cqjh rjg foQy jgs gSAa 3egksn;] eSa vkidks ;kn fnykuk pkgrk gw¡ fd gekjh ;kfpdk dk edln bu tk¡p ,tsfa l;ksa ls budk drZO; iwjk djokuk o vijkfèk;ksa dks ltk fnyokuk FkkA ge lc ekurs gSa fd bl dsl esa dksbZ tk¡p ugha gqbZ vkSj pktZ”khV nkf[ky djuk vka[kksa esa egt èkwy >ksd a uk FkkA fQj lqizhe dksVZ dh fuxjkuh dk dke iwjk dSls gks x;k\ egksn;] vki lh-ch-vkbZ- ds fy, ;ksX; funs”kd pquus okyh lfefr cukus dh lykg ns jgs gS]a ftlesa yksdlHkk ds vè;{k] foi{k ds usrk] x`g lfpo vkfn lnL; gksAa eku yhft, fd ;s rhuksa gh gokyk tSls dsl esa “kkfey gks]a rks muls D;k mEehn dh tk ldrh gS\ tc ge loksZPp vnkyr dh fuxjkuh esa Hkh vkt gh dqN ugha lg&;kfpdkdrkZvksa dh fooknkLin Hkwfedk %

djok ik,] rks Hkfo’; esa rks dqN Hkh djok ikuk vlaHko gksxkA ,slk ugha gS fd O;oLFkk bruh cqjh gS fd dksbZ dqN dj gh ugha ldrkA viokn ges”kk gksrs gSAa lh-ch-vkbZ- ds Jh ;w-,u- fo”okl dks gh ysAa mUgksua s xtc dh dke;kch gkfly dh gSA 4D;k ;g cnfdLerh ugha gS fd pksj gekjh vk¡[kksa ds lkeus ls Hkkxk tk jgk gS vkSj ge rdZ dj jgs gSa fd Hkfo’; esa D;k lkoèkkfu;k¡ cjrh tk,¡! ;fn ge reke lhekvksa ds ckotwn bl dsl esa dqN dke;kch gkfly dj lds]a rHkh Hkfo’; dh lqj{kk Hkh lqfuf”pr gksxhA 5fiNys dqN fnuksa esa vkius dbZ ckj vke jk; dk ftØ fd;k gSA fu%langs vki vke yksxksa ls vktdy fey jgs gksx a As gokyk dsl esa tks dqN vkt gks jgk gS] mlds izfr muesa Hkkjh fujk”kk gSA dbZ yksxksa us eq>ls iz”u fd;k gS fd D;k eq>s [kjhn dj pqi dj fn;k x;k gS\ os iz”u dj jgs gSa fd eSa mu eqíksa dks vnkyr esa D;ksa ugha mBok jgk] ftu ij ge fiNys pkj o’kks± ls gYyk epkrs vk, gS\a 6bl lanHkZ esa vkSj bl dsl ds gd esa izeq[k ;kfpdkdrkZ dh gSfl;r ls eSa vkils fuosnu djrk gw¡ fd Ñi;k vius rdZ lekIr djus ls igys fuEu eqíksa dks vo”; mBk,sa % 7Ñi;k vki 22 Qjojh 94] 8 vizSy 95 o 9 tuojh 96 dks nkf[ky esjs “kiFk i=ksa dks [kqyh vnkyr esa t:j i<+as vkSj nwljs i{k ls muds tokc ek¡xAas 8Ñi;k lh-ch-vkbZ- dh dsl Qkby uacj&3@5 (A) 91- SIVV Hkkx&1 ls 5] 2@1 (A) 95-ACV-VI vkSj 3/1 (A)/95-ACV=VI Hkkx&2 ls 5 dks vnkyr esa e¡xok,a]s rkfd vijkfèk;ksa ls lh-ch-vkbZds vfèkdkfj;ksa dh vkijkfèkd lkaB&xkaB fl) djus dk ekSdk feysA vkidks irk gksxk fd >kj[kaM eqfDr ekspkZ fj”or dkaMa esa ;kfpdkdrkZvksa ds odhy us fnYyh mPp U;k;ky; esa lHkh Qkbysa e¡xok yh FkhaA bu Qkbyksa dks tk¡pus ds ckn gh fnYyh mPp U;k;ky; ds U;k;kèkh”k 84

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

lh-ch-vkbZ- dh dkjxqtkfj;ksa dks le> lds] ftudh rjQ ;kfpdkdrkZ b”kkjk dj jgs FksA blh rjg ds reke vkSj eqís eSua s bl i= esa mBk, FksA ij mUgsa iz”kkar Hkw’k.k tSls lykgdkjksa ds izHkko esa Jh nhoku us vuns[kk dj fn;kA tSlh vk”kadk eSua s bl i= esa rc O;Dr dh Fkh] oSlk gh vkt gks jgk gSA dsUnzh; lrdZrk vk;ksx o lh-ch-vkbZ- dks feyh jLeh Lok;Ùkrk Hkh gok gks xbZA ;kuh u rks loksZPp U;k;ky; us viuh fuxjkuh esa tSu gokyk dkaM dh tk¡p iwjh djokbZ vkSj u vc bu ,tsfa l;ksa dh fgEer gS bl tk¡p dks “kq: djus dhA ^u [kqnk gh feyk& u fclkys lue] u bèkj ds jgs] u mèkj ds jgs*] rks Jh nhoku dh ml cgl dk D;k Qk;nk gqvk\ vkt ogh iz”kkar Hkw’k.k vkSj muds lkFkh yksdiky fo/ks;d dk u;k >qu>quk ysdj ns”k ls Hkz’Vkpkj feVkus pys gSAa

lg&;kfpdkdrkZvksa dh fooknkLin Hkwfedk %

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

11 jke tsBeykuh us cnyk ikyk tqykbZ 1993 esa tc ;g ekeyk esjs ikl vk;k] ml oä gesa iwjs ns”k esa jktuhfrd vkSj dkuwuh nk;js esa ,d Hkh ,slk e”kgwj O;fä utj ugha vk;k tks fnysjh ls iwjh jktuSfrd O;oLFkk dk fojksèk djus dh rkdr j[krk gksA bafnjk gR;kdkaM ds eqdnes esa jke tsBeykuh dh Hkwfedk ds dkj.k mudh yM+kdw Nfo FkhA 2 flrEcj 1993 dks geus Jh tsBeykuh ds ?kj laoknnkrk lEesyu blhfy, s j ikl ugha j[kk FkkA gesa Mj Fkk fd dkypØ dk nloka vad lal djsxkA ge fnYyh ds i=dkjksa dks viuh [kksth fjiksVZ ^g’kZn ls cM+k ?kksVkyk lh-ch-vkbZ- us nck Mkyk* ds eq[; va”k izl s fizO;w ds rkSj ij fn[kkuk pkgrs Fks] rkfd os bl ekeys dks v[kckjksa esa mBk ysAa [krjk ;g Fkk fd tgk¡ Hkh ge ;g ohfM;ks dSlVs fn[kkus dk iz;kl djrs] ljdkj gesa rax dj ldrh FkhA Jh tsBeykuh e”kgwj odhy vkSj lkaln FksA vr% muds ?kj ij ,slh dksbZ vk”kadk ugha FkhA izl s dkUÝsl a esa fnYyh ds lHkh cM+s v[kckjksa ds ofj’B laoknnkrk vk,A bl izl s dkUÝsl a dks geus Hkkoh fjdkMZ ds fy, vius ohfM;ks dSejs esa dSn Hkh dj fy;kA Jh tsBeykuh ds ?kj ij dkypØ ohfM;ks dk nloka vad ns[kdj i=dkj nax jg x,A mudk dguk Fkk fd bls cukdj geus cgqr fnysjh dk dke fd;k gSA bl lEesyu esa Jh tsBeykuh us i=dkjksas dks crk;k fd mUgksua s rhu fnu igys gh foÙkea=h eueksgu flag vkSj izèkkuea=h ujflag jko dks i= fy[kdj gokyk dh tk¡p djkus dks dgk gSA ;gk¡ ;g ;kn fnykuk mfpr gksxk fd ;g izl s fizO;w dkypØ ohfM;ks dk nloka vad rS;kj gks tkus ds ckn gks jgk Fkk] tcfd Jh tsBeykuh dk baVjO;w ge fQfYeax ds nkSjku cgqr igys ys pqds FksA mlh nkSjku geus mUgsa bl dsl ls lacfa èkr dkxtkr fn[kk, Fks ftlds ckn mUgksua s ;s i= jke tsBeykuh us cnyk ikyk %

fy[ksA 2 flrEcj 1993 ds izl s lEesyu ds ckn gekjs i=dkj fe= cgqr nsj rd gels ogk¡ ppkZ djrs jgsA ij vk”p;Z dh ckr gS fd + j fdlh Hkh v[kckj vxys fnu LVsV~leSu vkSj ohj vtqZu dks NksMd us dkypØ ds bl jgL;ksn~?kkVu dk ftØ ugha fd;kA dkypØ dk mYys[k NksM]sa+ rks Hkh brus cM+s ?kksVkys rd dks LVsV~leSu ds vykok fdlh v[kckj us izFke yhM ¼izeq[krk½ ugha cuk;k] tcfd blls dgha NksVh&NksVh [kcjsa vDlj izeq[krk ls Nirh jgh FkhaA blds ckn vDrwcj 1993 esa gesa fQj mUgha etcwfj;ksa ds rgr Jh tsBeykuh ds ikl tkuk iM+kA de tkudkjh dh otg ls] ge ,slk dksbZ Hkh odhy ugha lksp ik jgs Fks ftlesa brus lkjs yksxksa ds f[kykQ cksyus dh fgEer gksA ;g nwljh ckr gS fd dqN gh le; esa mudk nwljk psgjk gh lkeus vk x;kA ge viuh ;kfpdk ds fy, dkQh gkse odZ dj pqds FksA ij mls Bhd ls rS;kj djus dk dke Jh tsBeykuh us gh fd;k vkSj dkypØ dh Vhe us] fo”ks’kdj jtuh”k us] dkQh esgur dhA ckn dh ?kVuk,sa vki fiNys v/;k; esa i<+ gh pqds gSAa 14 tuojh 1994 dks tc lh-ch-vkbZ- us loksZPp U;k;ky; esa viuk tokc nkf[ky fd;k] rks mldh vk¡[ksa “keZ ls >qdh gqbZ FkhaA U;k;ewfrZ Jh ysfa Vu ds fu.kZ; ds ckn gokyk egkHkkjr esa ;g gekjh nwljh uSfrd fot; FkhA tkfgju ge izlUu Fks] ij gSjkuh bl ckr dh Fkh fd bruk cM+k ekeyk lkeus vkus ds ckotwn v[kckj [kkeks”k D;ksa Fks] cksQkslZ o nwljs dkaMksa dh rjg “kksj D;ksa ugha epk jgs Fks \ Jh nhoku us bl ekeys ij cgl ds fy, fnu Hkj dk le; ek¡xk] rks eq[; U;k;kèkh”k us 7 ekpZ 1994 dk fnu r; fd;kA ij 7 ekpZ ls yxkrkj ,d ds ckn ,d rkjh[ksa iM+rh jghaA 10 eghus dh dBksj riL;k dk nkSj pkyw gqvkA tc Hkh Jh nhoku vkSj mudh Vhe ds lkFk eSa o jtuh”k muds dksVZ esa nkf[ky gksr]s rks eq[; U;k;kèkh”k osd a VpyS;k viuh O;Lrrk ds dkj.k vxyh rkjh[k ns nsrs FksA cM+h 88

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

fujk”kk gksrh] D;ksfa d gj rkjh[k ds igys dkypØ dh Vhe jkr&fnu esgur dj dkxtkr rS;kj djrhA gekjs odhy vfuy nhoku ,d l[r Ldwy ekLVj dh rjg gesa vkèkh&vkèkh jkr rd Hkw[kk&I;klk dkUÝsl a ksa esa fcBk, j[krsA Jh nhoku dh esgur] bZekunkjh o leiZ.k dh nkn nsuh iM+x s hA mUgksua s gesa nkSMk+ ;k vkSj Fkdk;k [kwc] ysfdu tufgr dk dsl yM+us dk vko”;d izf”k{k.k Hkh c[kwch fn;kA vycÙkk og fu%ladksp dgrs Fks fd mUgsa vkijkfèkd ekeyksa esa dsl yM+us dk dksbZ vuqHko ugha FkkA bu nl eghuksa esa Hkh fdlh Hkh dksus ls bl dkaM ij l”kDr vkokt ugha mBhA vycÙkk jkgqy ikBd us bafM;k VqMs es]a lqdqekj eqjyhèkju us ÝaVykbu es]a yksder ¼ukxiqj½ o dqN i=&if=dkvksa us foLr`r ys[k NkisA gesa yxkrkj èkefd;k¡ t:j feyrh jghaA bl nkSjku tks la?k’kZ fd;k vkSj laln vkSj ehfM;k dh tks Hkwfedk jgh] ml ij foLr`r ppkZ vkxs gSA fQj vpkud ,d vthc ?kVuk ?kVhA vDrwcj 1994 ds rhljs g¶rs esa ,d fnu nksigj dks jke tsBeykuh ds n¶rj ls dbZ Qksu vk,A eq>s QkSju ryc fd;k FkkA ;g vlkekU; ckr Fkh] D;ksfa d fnlEcj 1993 ds ckn ls ge dsoy Jh nhoku ds laj{k.k esa dke dj jgs Fks vkSj eSua s Jh tsBeykuh ds ?kj tkuk dkQh de dj fn;k FkkA eSa tc “kke dks Jh tsBeykuh ds ?kj igqp a k] rks os eq>s vius Hkhrj ds dejs esa ys x, vkSj cksys fd eq>s irk pyk gS fd eq[; U;k;kèkh”k osd a VpyS;k us dy rqEgkjs ekeys ij lquokbZ djus dk eu cuk fy;k gSA esjk lq>ko gS fd rqe bl ij lquokbZ gks tkus nks] D;ksfa d eq[; U;k;kèkh”k Jh osd a VpyS;k vc fjVk;j gks jgs gSAa ckn esa u tkus dSlk eq[; U;k;kèkh”k gks vkSj dsl ij D;k QSlyk ysA esjk ekFkk Budk] D;ksfa d Jh tsBeykuh dh Hkwfedk fiNys dbZ eghuksa esa dkQh langs kLin gks pqdh FkhA eq>s vk”p;Z gqvk fd vius dks O;oLFkk fojksèkh crkus okys tsBeykuh dSls ml le; ds eq[; U;k;kèkh”k ,e-,u- osd a VpyS;k ds eu dh ckr tkurs gSAa eSua s muls jke tsBeykuh us cnyk ikyk %

iwNk] rks cksy]s eq>s mPp lzkrs ksa ls irk pyk gSA vxj ;g lp Fkk rks ;g vkSj Hkh [krjukd ckr Fkh] D;ksfa d fiNys nl eghus ls yxkrkj gj rkjh[k ij gesa Vkyus okys eq[; U;k;kèkh”k vius fjVk;jesVa ds ,d&nks fnu igys D;ksa gekjk dsl bl rjg vQjk&rQjh esa lquuk pkgrs Fks\ fQj ;g ckr Jh tsBeykuh dks D;ksa vkSj dSls ekywe gks ldrh Fkh\ blesa mudh D;k vkSj dSlh fnypLih gks ldrh Fkh\ bu lc ckrksa ls esjk ijs”kku gksuk LoHkkfod FkkA bl langs ij ;dhu djus dh dksbZ otg ugha FkhA ysfdu Jhs tsBeykuh ij vfo”okl djus dk Hkh dksbZ dkj.k ugha FkkA ekeys dh xaHkhjrk dks ns[krs gq, ge yksx 7 ekpZ 1994 ls gh lquokbZ ds fy, fnu Hkj dk le; ek¡x jgs FksA 7 ekpZ 1994 dks fnu Hkj dh lquokbZ r; Hkh FkhA ij eq[; U;k;kèkh”k ,e-,uosd a VpyS;k us ml fnu fcuk fdlh iwoZ lwpuk ds ,d fnu dk vodk”k ys fy;kA ;g vlkekU; ?kVuk FkhA loksZPp U;k;ky; ds xfy;kjksa esa ml fnu rjg&rjg dh ppkZ,a gqb± vkSj ;g Hkh lquus esa vk;k fd izèkkuea=h ih-oh- ujflag jko ml fnu eq[; U;k;kèkh”k dks ysdj caxywj pys x, FksA bu ifjfLFkfr;ksa es]a jke tsBeykuh dh ckr lqudj eSa rqjra dksbZ QSlyk ugha dj ldrk FkkA fygktk eSa Jh tsBeykuh dks fcuk dksbZ vk”oklu fn, gh mBdj lhèkk vfuy nhoku ds ?kj x;kA lkjh ckr lqudj Jh nhoku ijs”kku gks x,A mUgksua s eq>s crk;k fd jkftanj iqjh us Hkh dbZ ckj muls Qksu dj tsBeykuh tSlh gh ckrsa dgh FkhaA ;kuh jkftanj iqjh vkSj jke tsBeykuh bl ekeys esa ,d lkFk FksA lksp&fopkjdj Jh nhoku us eq>s l[r fgnk;r nh fd rqe vkSj jtuh”k nksuksa dy lqcg nl cts ls gh eq[; U;k;kèkh”k ds dksVZ ds ckgj lrdZ jgukA vxj rqEgas yxs fd gekjs i{k ;k foi{k dk dksbZ Hkh O;fä ekeys dks mBkus dh dksf”k”k dj jgk gS] rks nkSMd + j eq>s lwpuk nsukA ;g esjs vkSj Jh nhoku ds chp dh xqIr ckr Fkh] ftls geus xqIr gh j[kk FkkA vxys fnu lqcg geus ,slk gh fd;kA 90

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

ml fnu lqcg lqihz e dksVZ dh ckWj dSVa hu esa lkWfyflVj tujy vkWQ bafM;k nhiadj xqIrk us Jh nhoku ls iwNk fd D;k os vkt vnkyr esa ekeyk mBk,sx a As Jh nhoku us euk dj fn;k] D;ksfa d cgl ds fy, nks ?kaVs dk le; tks gesa feyus okyk Fkk] og dkQh ugha FkkA Jh xqIrk fujk”kk dk Hkko ysdj pys x,A mlh fnu] 20 vDrwcj 1994 dks yap ds ckn tc gekjk ekeyk eq[; U;k;kèkh”k ds lkeus vk;k] rks gesa ;g ns[kdj Hkkjh vk”p;Z gqvk fd eq[; U;k;kèkh”k us ekeys dks mlh oDr lquus dh is”kd”k dhA xtc dk bÙkQkd Fkk fd tSlk Jh tsBeykuh us crk;k Fkk] oSlk gh gks jgk FkkA Jh nhoku us eq[; U;k;kèkh”k dh bl is”kd”k dk dM+kbZ ls fojksèk fd;kA mudk rdZ Fkk] ^bl le; dksVZ ds ikl dqy nks ?kaVs cps gS]a tcfd geus bl ekeys ij cgl ds fy, iwjs fnu dk le; ek¡xk FkkA vkius fiNys nl eghuksa esa ukS ckj rkjh[ksa fuèkkZfjr dhaA ge gj rkjh[k ij iwjh rS;kjh ds lkFk is”k Hkh gq,A ij vkius viuh O;Lrrkvksa ds dkj.k gj ckj gekjh lquokbZ Vky nhA vc brus de le; esa cgl iwjh ugha dh tk ldrhA* eq[; U;k;kèkh”k us vxys fnu iwjk le; nsus dh ckr dgh] rks Jh nhoku us dgk fd eq>s vxys nks g¶rksa rd fnYyh o ns”k ls ckgj jguk gS] blfy, rkjh[k nks g¶rs ds ckn gh nh tk,A bl chp Jh osd a VpyS;k dks 25 vDrwcj 1994 dks lsok fuo`Ùk gksuk Fkk] lks os gks x,A njvly] tc 14 tuojh 1994 dks lh-ch-vkbZ- us gekjh ;kfpdk ds vkèkkj ij tkjh uksfVl dk tokc nkf[ky fd;k Fkk] rks mlus gekjs T;knkrj vkjksiksa dks Lohdkj dj fy;k FkkA og gekjs ,d gh vkjksi ls lger ugha Fkh fd og bl ekeys ij ^rsth* ls dkjZokbZ ugha dj jgh gSA ;g vyx ekeyk gS fd vkt rd mlus bl ekeys esa iwjh dkjZokbZ ugha dh gSA vèkwjs eu ls] etcwjh esa tk¡p dk ukVd fd;k vkSj vkjksfi;ksa dks cpkus ds jkLrs NksMAs+ blfy, tk¡p rsth ls gksuh pkfg, FkhA ij Jh osd a VpyS;k ds dk;Zdky ds vafre ukS eghuksa esa vkradokn ls tqMs+ brus xaHkhj dkaM dh u rks jke tsBeykuh us cnyk ikyk %

mUgksua s lquokbZ dh vkSj u gh tk¡p vkxs c<+hA fQj os osd a VpyS;k th gh ekuokfèkdkj vk;ksx ds vè;{k cuk fn, x,A le> esa ugha vkrk fd tks O;fDr eq[; U;k;kèkh”k gksdj Hkh vkradokn dh tM+ rd tkus okys ekeys esa bruh f<ykbZ cjrrk jgk gks] og vke yksxksa dks ekuokfèkdkj fnykus esa dSls pqLrh fn[kk ldrk FkkA bl f<ykbZ ds nkSjku tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM ds dqN laxhu vijkfèk;ksa dks fudy Hkkxus dk ekSdk feykA tSu caèkqvksa dks ljdkjh Bsds feyus cnLrwj tkjh jgsA bl dkaM esa fyIr cgqr&ls yksxksa dks lcwr u’V djus dk Hkh [kwc ekSdk feykA [kSj] eq[; U;k;kèkh”k Jh osd a VpyS;k ds lsokfuo`Ùk gksus ds ckn JhÑ’.k dh D;k yhyk gqbZ\ csp a vykWV djus okyss dEI;wVj us D;k deky fd;k fd gesa U;k;ewfrZ ts-,l- oekZ] U;k;ewfrZ ,l-ihHk:pk o U;k;ewfrZ ,l-lh- lsu dh csp a fey xbZA ftUgksua s uoEcj 1994 ls bl ekeys esa l[rh cjruk “kq: dj fn;kA muds vkus ls bl ekeys esa ,sfrgkfld eksM+ vk x;kA uoEcj 1994 ds ckn lqizhe dksVZ dk joS;k ns[krs gq, lcdks ,slk yxus yxk Fkk fd vc tk¡p rsth ls vkxs c<+x s hA bl nkSjku lqjnas z tSu ds nkfgus gkFk ,l-,l- laèkw ,d ifjfpr dh ekQZr vpkud lqcg esjs ?kj vk x,A eSua s mUgsa vanj u cqykdj ?kj ds lkeus Mh-Mh-,- ds ljdkjh ikdZ esa gh cSBk;k] rkfd eq> ij tklwlh dj jgh ljdkjh fuxkgsa [kqydj lc dqN ns[ks& a dksbZ “kd u gks fd ?kj ds Hkhrj D;k ysu&nsu gks jgk gSA Jh laèkw ls esjh ckrphr dqN bl rjg gqbZ% eSua s dgk fd vkidks rks eSua s dksVZ esa gj rkjh[k ij ns[kk gSA dfg,] D;k ckr gS\ os cksy& s ge vkils jge dh vihy djus vk, gSAa lqjnas z HkkbZ lkgc ¼lqjnas z tSu½ cgqr nq[kh gSAa eSua s dgk] ^jge dh vihy rks Hkxoku ls dhft, ;k loksZPp U;k;ky; ds U;k;kèkh”kksa ls dhft,A vkius rks gekjk thuk nwHkj dj j[kk gSA lkjh jkr vkids fdjk, ds vkneh gesa xanh&xanh xkfy;k¡ nsrs gS]a èkedh nsrs gS]a gkykafd gesa mlls dksbZ QdZ ugha iM+rkA* laèkw vius 92

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

dku idM+ dj cksy]s ^ge ,slk uhp dke dHkh ugha djsx a As * eSua s dgk] ^laèkw th] bu ckrksa ls dksbZ QdZ ugha iM+rkA ftl fnu bl egkHkkjr dh “kq#vkr dh] mlh fnu eSua s vkxk&ihNk lksp fy;k FkkA brus rkdroj] iSls okys] lÙkk:<+ yksxksa ds f[kykQ yM+kbZ yM+uk dksbZ etkd ugha gSA eSa rks ?kj ls fudyrk gw¡] rks bl ckr ds fy, rS;kj jgrk gw¡ fd dkj esa cSBus ls igys gh vki yksxksa dk dksbZ vkneh xksyh ekj nsxkA “kke dks ?kj esa ?kqlrk gw¡] rks bl vk”kadk ds lkFk fd esjh choh&cPps eq>s ftank feysx a s fd ughaA ij fo”okl gS fd gekjh e`R;q Ñ’.k dh bPNk ds fcuk ugha gks ldrh vkSj gksxh Hkh rks fuèkkZfjr le; ij ghA vki yksx tks pkgs dj ysAa * ,slk lqudj os Hkkoqd tSlk fn[kus yxs vkSj cksy]s ^gesa dkQh ltk fey pqdhA bruh cnukeh gks pqdhA vc vkSj D;k dlj jgh\* eSua s dgk] ^vHkh D;k gqvk gS\ vHkh rks tSu caèkq fxj¶rkj rd ugha gq,A dksbZ vke vkneh gksrk] rks brus cM+s tqeZ esa 1991 ls gh tsy esa iM+k gksrkA [kSj] tSu caèkqvksa ls esjh dksbZ O;fDrxr nq”euh ugha gSA mu cspkjksa us esjh dksbZ tk;nkn ugha gM+ih gSA esjh yM+kbZ rks bl O;oLFkk ls gSA bl O;oLFkk esa ns”k ds djksMk+ as ukStoku] fdlku vkSj etnwj] nqdkunkj vkSj O;kikjh NksV& s NksVs vijkèkksa ds fy, lkjh ftanxh dpgfj;ksa esa èkDds [kkrs jgrs gSAa vki yksx ns”k ywVus okys usrkvksa dh nykyh djrs gS]a blfy, dkuwu vkidk dqN ugha fcxkM+ ikrkA* os esjk dM+k #[k ns[kdj ladksp ls cksy]s ^vki tks dgsa ge djus dks rS;kj gSAa * eSua s dgk fd lRlax vk;ksftr dhft,& eSa vkids ?kj vkÅ¡xk xhrk ij izopu djusA mudk b”kkjk dqN vkSj FkkA mUgsa jokuk dj mUgsa ykus okys esjs ,d ifjfpr lTtu ogha Bgj x, vkSj cksy]s ^fouhr th] D;ksa ekeys dks c<+k jgs gks\ ;s yksx fxj¶rkjh ds Mj ls cgqr ?kcjk, gq, gSAa nks djksM+ #i;k vkidks QkSju nsus dks rS;kj gSAa ysus okys cuks rks] jde c<+ Hkh ldrh gSA* eSua s mUgsa fujk”kdj pyrk fd;kA jke tsBeykuh us cnyk ikyk %

uoEcj 1994 ls lqihz e dksVZ dh ubZ csp a ds rsoj ns[k dj Jh tsBeykuh vpkud lfØ; gks x, vkSj eq>ls gj ckj dksVZ ds xfy;kjksa esa dsl dh izxfr ds ckjs esa iwNrs jgrs FksA laèkw ds ukdke iz;kl ds QkSju ckn gh dh ckr gSA tc Jh tsBeykuh dks yxk fd vc tSu caèkq fxj¶rkj gksus okys gS]a rks ,d fnu mUgksuas s lqcg&lqcg Qksu dj cqyk;kA cM+s I;kj ls ckrsa dha vkSj cksy]s ^ns[kks] lqjnas z tSu dks mlds fd, dh dkQh ltk fey pqdh gSA cspkjk cgqr chekj gSA fny dk ejht gSA ml ij jge djksA* eSa pkSd a k vkSj dgk fd vHkh rks lqjnas z tSu fxj¶rkj rd ugha gqvkA bl ij cksy]s ^^mldh bruh cnukeh gks xbZA ;gh D;k de gS\^* eSua s dgk fd] ^*eq>s lqjnas z tSu ls eryc ugha gSA eSa rks bl dkaM esa fyIr usrkvksa vkSj vQljksa dks ltk fnyokuk pkgrk gw¡A** os cksy]s ^^iwjh O;oLFkk bruh Hkz’V gS fd ltk rks fdlh dks feysxh ugha] rqe ;ksa gh cjckn gks tkvksxAs ;g ekSdk feyk gS] dqN iSls cuk yksA viuk v[kckj “kq: dj yksA** eSua s dgk fd tc fcd gh x;k rks v[kckj fdl uSfrdrk ls pykÅ¡xk\ os cksy]s ^^blesa iSls ysdj viuh fLFkfr etcwr dj yksA ,sls ?kksVkys rks vkxs feyrs jgsx a As ipkl yk[k #i, eSa vkt gh fnyok nsrk gw¡A** eSa nax jg x;kA eSua s dgk fd bruk cM+k tksf[ke eSua s iSls cukus ds fy, ugha fy;k FkkA mUgsa yxk fd iSls de gS]a rks cksy]s ^^ftrus pkgks mrus fey ldrs gS& a ,d fefy;u MkWyj rd ¼lk<+s rhu djksM+ #i,½A dksbZ [krjk ugha gSAa eSa lc bartke djok nw¡xkA** os ckj&ckj gk¡ dgus ij tksj nsus yxsA eSua s dgk] eSa bl rjg dksbZ fu.kZ; ugha ys ldrkA eq>s xq#th ls iwNuk gksxkA os cksy]s ^vkb ,e ;ksj osy fo’kj] ;w fylsu Vw eh ¼eSa rqEgkjk ‘kqHkfpard gw¡] esjh ckr ekuks½* eSua s dgk] ;g Bhd gS] ij fQj Hkh---A bl ij mUgksua s dgk fd] ^^eq>s ,d ?kaVs esa tcko nksA** eSua s dgk fd bruk le; rks eq>s ?kj rd tkus esa yxsxkA vkidks ckn esa tokc nw¡xkA os tksj nsus yxs fd vkt “kke rd tokc nksA eSua s dgk] ugha& dy lqcg vkÅ¡xkA blds ckn eSa lhèks vfuy nhoku ds ?kj uhfrckx x;kA os yhxy dkUÝsl a esa O;Lr 94

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

FksA eSua s mUgsa ckgj cqykdj lkjh ckr crkbZA os QVh vk¡[kksa ls eq>s ns[krs jgs vkSj eq>s ij[krs gq, iwNk& rqEgkjk D;k QSlyk gS\ eaSus dgk& QSlyk ;gh gS fd vc ls bl dsl dks ysdj eSa Jh tsBeykuh ls dksbZ laidZ ugha j[kw¡xkA mUgksua s lykg nh fd bl ckr dks yksxksa ls er dguk] ojuk dsl ij foijhr vlj iM+x s k] ysfdu lrdZ jgukA Jh nhoku ds ?kj ls eSa lhèks yrk Ñ’.kkewfrZ ds ?kj x;kA og gekjh ,MoksdVs &vkWu&fjdkMZ Fkh vkSj jke tsBeykuh dh twfu;jA eSua s muls dgk&yrk! rqEgkjs ckWl us vkt esjs lkFk cgqr cqjk fd;kA fQj eSua s mls lkjh ckr crkbZ] rks og èkd&lh jg xbZA ij fQj laHky dj cksyh fd rqeus ;g ckr vfuy HkkbZ ¼nhoku½ dks rks ughsa crkbZ\ blds ckn eq>s le>kus yxh] ^eSa nkos ds lkFk dg ldrh gw¡ fd esjs ckWl bZekunkj gSAa mUgksua s ;g izLrko rqEgkjh n;uh; vkfFkZd n”kk ns[kdj fd;k gSA* eSua s dgk fd enn djus dk eryc nyky cukuk FkksMs+ gksrk gSA blds ckn eSa vius fe= o odhy oh-dsvksgjh ds ?kj x;kA Jh vksgjh us tsBeykuh dks dkslk vkSj eq>s QkSju izl s dkUÝsl a cqykus dh lykg nhA cksy]s ^cksQkslZ vkSj g’kZn esgrk dkaM esa rks tsBeykuh cp x;k] vc rqe mls ,Dlikst dj nksA* eSua s dgk fd&Jh nhoku us l[r euk fd;k gS fd ;g ckr fdlh dks Hkh u crkÅ¡A eSa rks blfy, rqEgkjs ikl vk;k gw¡ fd dy lqcg tsBeykuh dks D;k tokc nw¡\ bl ij vksgjh eq>ls ukjkt gks x, vkSj cksy]s ^^;kj] rqe rks iwjs pm, gksA ekSds ij pwd tkrs gksA** eSua s fQj ogh ckr nksgjkbZ fd&dy D;k tokc nw¡\ bl ij vksgjh us dgk] ^^dg nsuk] ;s rks de gS] 20 djksM+ #i, ls de esa dke ugha pysxkA vius vki mldh cksyrh can gks tk,xhA** vxyh lqcg cgqr tYn gh eSa tsBeykuh ds ?kj igq¡pkA os cksy]s ^D;k r; fd;k\* eSua s cM+s vueus eu ls dgk fd&^eq>s rks dqN ugha pkfg,] ij esjs lykgdkj dg jgs gSa fd 20 djksM+ #i, ls de esa dke ugha pysxkA* mUgksua s dgk fd] ^;g rks cgqr T;knk gSA* jke tsBeykuh us cnyk ikyk %

blds ckn eSua s iwNk] ^tkÅ¡\* vkSj eSa pyk vk;kA bl ?kVuk ds ckn eSua s dHkh Jh tsBeykuh dks bl dsl ds ekeys esa xaHkhjrk ls ugha fy;kA fdarq viuh twfu;j yrk Ñ’.kkewfrZ dks rks tsBeykuh gekjh ,MoksdVs &vkWu&fjdkMZ cuok gh pqds FksA esjh fLFkfr lk¡i&NNqna j dh FkhA u mxyrs curk Fkk] u fuxyrsA esjk fo”okl Jh tsBeykuh vkSj muds dk;kZy; ls iwjh rjg mB pqdk FkkA ckdh ds rhu ;kfpdkdrkZ Jh tsBeykuh ds gh Fkksis gq, yksx FksA os oSls Hkh dsl esa dksbZ #fp ugha ys jgs FksA ij dsl vHkh ijoku Hkh ugha p<+k Fkk vkSj ftu yksxkas ds f[kykQ eSa yM+ jgk Fkk] mudk iwjh O;oLFkk ij vkfèkiR; Fkk vkSj vkt Hkh gSA ,sls esa vxj bu ckrksa dks tx tkfgj djrk] rks ge detksj gh iM+rAs blfy, eu ekjdj bu yksxksa dks lkFk j[kus dk ukVd djuk iM+kA ij geus r; dj fy;k fd bUgsa vlyh ckr dHkh ugha crk,ax s As ;g cM+k eqf”dy dke FkkA dksVZ esa dksbZ Hkh dkxt yrk ds nLr[kr ds fcuk nkf[ky ugha fd;k tk ldrk FkkA yrk dks dkxt fn[kkus dk eryc jke tsBeykuh dh lsl a jf”ki FkkA bl rjg eSa nks ;q) yM+ jgk FkkA ,d rks nqfu;k dh fuxkg esa Fkk] ij nwljs dh tkudkjh dsoy vfuy nhoku dks gh FkhA yrk ls eq>s dksbZ f”kdk;r ugha gSA ml cspkjh us viuk dkQh le; vkSj ÅtkZ bl dsl esa yxk,] ftlds fy, eSa mudk vkHkkjh gw¡A bl pDdj esa lcls T;knk feV~Vh iyhn rks esjs lg;ksxh jtuh”k dh gksrh FkhA igys ge vius lykgdkjksa dh enn ls dksVZ esa cgl dk uksV rS;kj djrsA jtuh”k mls Vkbi djrkA fQj dbZ dkUÝsl a ksa ds ckn mlesa Jh nhoku <sj lkjs la”kksèku djrs vkSj cgqr de le; esa mldh QksVks dkWih lsV oxSjg cuok dj rS;kj j[kus dks dgrsA rkfd igys ls tek djus dh ctk; lhèks dksVZ esa fn;k tk,A tc&tc jtuh”k nsj jkr esa VkbZfiax fuiVkdj yrk dks etcwjh esa Mªk¶V fn[kkus ys tkrk] og mlesa vkSj nsj yxk nsrhA “kk;n mls Jh tsBeykuh ls ^fDy;jsl a * ysuh gksrh Fkh] D;ksfa d gj ckj tc Mªk¶V ykSVrk] rks dkQh cnjax gksrkA mls fQj Vkbi dj tc ge Jh 96

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

nhoku ds ikl tkrs] rks mudh vkSj QVdkj lquuh iM+rhA jke tsBeykuh gekjs dsl ds ,d vge vkjksih ewypan “kkg dks cpkus esa yxkrkj tqVs gq, FksA blfy, gesa vkSj Hkh ijs”kku gksuk iM+rk FkkA yrk uoEcj 1996 rd gekjh odhy cuh jghA tc ;g lkQ gks x;k fd Jh tsBeykuh uSfrdrk dh lkjh lhekvksa dks yka?k dj [kqyv s ke gekjs foif{k;ksa dh odkyr djsx a ]s rks geus yrk ls Hkh dsl ls gV tkus dh lykg nhA bl rjg uoEcj] 96 ls oh-dsvksgjh ds fe= v”kksd ikaMk gekjs ,MoksdVs &vkWu&fjdkMZ gks x, rc eSua s vkSj jtuh”k us jkgr dh lk¡l yhA ebZ 1996 esa vVy fcgkjh oktis;h dh 13 fnu dh ljdkj esa tc Jh tsBeykuh dkuwu ea=h cus] rks eq>s cM+k vViVk yxk] D;ksfa d os igys gh Hkktik NksM+ pqds Fks vkSj dbZ nyksa esa ?kwe pqds FksA vius lefiZr vkSj ofj’B lkalnksa dks NksMd + j ,sls ckgjh O;fDr dks dsna z esa igyh ckj cuh Hkktik ljdkj esa vpkud dSfcusV ea=h cuk;k tkuk fdlh ds xys ugha mrjkA Hkktikb;ksa ds Hkh ughaA og Hkh ml O;fDr dks] ftls tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj& vkradokn&gokyk dkaM ls igys Hkktik viuk lkaln rd cukus dks rS;kj ugha FkhA ij dkuwu ea=h cuus ds dqN gh ?kaVksa esa tc Jh tsBeykuh us c;ku fn;k fd ^eSa dkuwu ea=h dh gSfl;r ls ykyÑ’.k vkMok.kh dks tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM esa funksZ”k gksus dk ‘kiFk i= tkjh d:¡xk*] rks fLFkfr lkQ gks xbZA eSua s QkSju jk’Vªifr vkSj izèkkuea=h Jh oktis;h dks l[r fojksèk i= HkstkA blesa eSua s iwNk fd fdl dkuwu ds rgr dkuwu ea=h tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM ds vkjksih ykyÑ’.k vkMok.kh dks funksZ’k gksus dk izek.k i= ns ldrs gSAa ;g dkuwuh izfØ;k esa ljklj xSjdkuwuh n[kyvankth gS vkSj ,sls dkuwu ea=h dks QkSju c[kkZLr fd;k tk,A i= ds tokc esa jkr 10%30 cts ds djhc izèkkuea=h vVy fcgkjh oktis;h th dk Qksu vk;kA os cksy]s jke tsBeykuh us cnyk ikyk %

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

^egkjkt] cM+k dM+k i= fy[k fn;kA* eSua s dgk] vkius D;k fd;k\ os cksys ^dSfcusV ehfVax esa mls dkQh Mk¡Vk] oks xyrh eku jgk gSA* eSua s dgk] ^mUgsa dkuwu ea=h D;ksa cuk;k \* bl ij Jh oktis;h cksy]s ^vjs HkbZ] ns”k esa T;wfMf”k;y fjQkWeZ Hkh rks djokuk gSA* eSua s dgk] ^ftl O;fä dks [kqn fjQkWeZ gksus dh t:jr gS] mlls vki fjQkWeZ djok,ax s !s * oSl]s fnYyh ds bafM;u ,Dlizl s esa 3 flrEcj 1993 dks Nih ,d [kcj es]a Jh tsBeykuh us tSu caèkqvksa ls iSls ysus okyksa esa Jh vkMok.kh dk uke Hkh fy;k gSA ij ogh tsBeykuh tc jktuhfrd ykHk ds fy, iklk iyVdj Jh vkMok.kh ds odhy cuus dks rS;kj gks x,] rks 22 flrEcj 1996 dks gekjs odhy o jke tsBeykuh ds iqjkus fe= vfuy nhoku dks Jh tsBeykuh ds joS, ls etcwj gksdj izl s dkUÝsl a cqyokuh iM+hA blesa mUgksua s jke tsBeykuh ij gokyk dsl ds fo#) vuSfrd :i ls dke djus dk vkjksi yxk;k vkSj blls lacfa èkr nLrkost Hkh tkjh fd,A mYys[kuh; gS fd Jh nhoku xqtjkr ds cM+s izfrf’Br o bZekunkj U;k;kèkh”kksa vkSj odhyksa ds ifjokj ls gSAa ns”k dh U;k;ikfydk esa mudh bZekunkjh vkSj lkQxksbZ dk dkQh lEeku gSA csgn esgurh vkSj mPp thou ewY;ksa okys Jh nhoku “kk;n vdsys ,sls O;fDr gS]a ftUgksua s bruk cM+k dsl yM+us ds ckotwn dsl ds nkSjku “kq: ds o’kks± es]a dHkh v[kckj ;k Vhoh dks vius ikl QVdus ugha fn;kA ij Jh tsBeykuh ds èkks[ks ds ckn mUgsa etcwju izl s dkUÝsl a cqykuh iM+hA blh ls muds nnZ dk vanktk yxk;k tk ldrk gSA eq>s dgus esa dksbZ ladksp ugha gS fd Jh tsBeykuh vkijkfèkd ekeyksa ds cgqr ;ksX; odhy gSAa os vius eqdneksa dh rS;kjh ds fy, dM+h esgur djrs gSAa mudk ân; cgqr n;kyq gS vkSj t:jreanksa dh enn djus esa os vius&ijk, esa Hksn ugha djrsA vkfrF; esa rks mudh felky de gh feyrh gSA esjh bPNk ugha Fkh fd muds bu jke tsBeykuh us cnyk ikyk %

detksj i{kksa dks tx tkfgj d:¡] ij ftl rjg mUgksua s [kqyv s ke dsl ds fo#) tkus dk QSlyk fy;k] mlls etcwj gksdj eq>s ;g lc djuk iM+k] rkfd Hkfo”; esa bl rjg dk la?k”kZ djus okyss ,slh fLFkfr;ksa ds fy, rS;kj jgsAa njvly] fiNys ipkl o’kks± esa ns”k dh leL;kvks]a [kkldj Hkz’Vkpkj] ij cksyus okys dbZ ukeh yksxksa dh vlfy;r vxj tkuh tk,] rks izk;% ,sls gh èkks[ks feysx a As vxj brus rkdroj] lkèku&laiUu yksx okdbZ ns”k dh leL;kvksa ls ijs”kku gSa vkSj dqN Bksl djuk pkgrs gSa rks fQj dqN gks D;ksa ugha ik;k\ pwfa d buds ,glkuksa ls ncs vusd yksx ehfM;k dh fefYd;r j[krs gS]a blfy, ;s yksx vk;s fnu v[kckjks]a if=dkvksa vkSj Vh-oh-pSuyksa ij èkqvkaèkkj cgl djrs fn[kkbZ nsrs gSAa tcfd bZeknkjh ls la?k’kZ djus okyksa dh ;k rks mis{kk dj nh tkrh gS ;k mUgsa ,sls yksxksa ds flj lsgjk ckaèkus ij etcwj fd;k tkrk gS] ftudk la?k’kZ esa tsBeykuh tSlk ;ksxnku gksrk gSA gokyk la?k’kZ ds nkSjku ns”kokfl;ksa dh fuxkg esa tq>k: ekus tkus okys ,sls dbZ e”kgwj yksxksa dk vlyh psgjk ns[k dj gh eq>s bl fdLe ds yksxksa dh vlfy;r irk pyhA ij vDlj ehfM;k esa feyus okys fu;fer izpkj ls izHkkfor gksdj T;knkrj ns”koklh ,sls reke yksxksa dks gh ØwlM s j ekurs gSAa

100

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

12 laklnksa dh [krjukd pqIih ns”k Hkj esa fofHkUu jktuhfrd nyksa ls tqM+s dk;ZdrkZvks]a cqf)thfo;ks]a jktuhfr”kkL= ds fo”ks’kKksa vkSj ns”k ds djksMk+ as ernkrkvksa ds fy, ;g xEHkhjrk ds lkFk fopkjus dk fo”k; gS fd brus cM+s dkaM ij laln o’kks± rd ekSu D;ksa jgh\ NksV& s NksVs eqíksa ij dbZ fnu rd laln esa rwQku epkus okys usrk cM+h cs”kehZ ls tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM ij pqIih lkèks jgsA dksbZ “kksj ugha epkA laln dh dkjZokbZ ,d fnu ugha jksdh xbZA dksbZ okdvkmV ugha gqvkA i{k vkSj foi{k ne lkèkdj cSBs jgsA esjh vkokt uDdkj[kkus esa rwrh dh rjg xw¡trh jghA vkf[kj yksdra= esa laln dh Hkwfedk D;k gS\ NksV& s NksVs eqíksa ij cgl ds uke ij xjhc turk dk djksMk+ as #i, cjckn djuk\ ij tc ;g irk pys fd ns”k ds usrk vkSj vQlj d”ehj ds vkradokfn;ksa ds fy, nqcbZ vkSj yanu ls xSjdkuwuh rjhds ls vkus okyk gokyk dk iSlk ys jgs gS]a ns”k dh “kh’kZ tk¡p ,tsl a h lh-ch-vkbZ- lkjs ekeys dks nck, cSBh gS] rks Hkh [kkeks”k cSBs jguk\ blls cM+k ns”knzkgs D;k gks ldrk gS\ laln dk blls T;knk iru D;k gks ldrk gS\ esjk ekuuk gS fd bl ns”k esa i{k vkSj foi{k turk dks ew[kZ cukus ds fy, gSAa insZ ds ihNs lcds vkil esa le>kSrs gSAa ojuk D;k otg gS fd fiNys 50 lkyksa esa jktuhfr esa Hkz’Vkpkj lkjh Å¡pkbZ;ksa dks ikj dj x;k vkSj Hkz’Vkpkj ds f[kykQ elhgk cus fo”oukFk izrki flag] vVy fcgkjh oktis;h] tkWtZ Quk±Mht] Lo?kksf’kr dE;qfuLV Økafrdkjh vkSj fiNM+k]as nfyrksa o vYila[;dksa dh jktuhfr djus okyss usrk] ,d Hkh Hkz’V ea=h ;k usrk dks ugha idM+ok ik,\ igyh ckj ;g dke ^tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM* ls gh D;ksa “kq: gqvk \ lkalnksa dh [krjukd pqIih %

101

102

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

flrEcj 1993 ls gh dkypØ ds dk;kZy; ls lHkh lkalnksa ds uke tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM ij fu;fer lkexzh Hksth tkrh jgh] ftlesa mUgsa tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM dh rktk fLFkfr ds ckjs esa lkjh lwpuk,¡ nh tkrh Fkha] tks v[kckjksa esa ugha gksrh FkhaA blds vykok] eSa yxkrkj vusd lkalnksa ls Qksu ij ppkZ djrk jgkA iwjh ckr dk ,d gh mís”; gksrk Fkk fd ns”knzkgs ds bl dkaM ij vki vkSj vkidh laln pqi D;ksa gS\a muds ikl cxysa >k¡dus ds vykok vkSj dksbZ pkjk ugha gksrk FkkA eSa izk;% jkst gh dqN u dqN lkalnksa ls feyus muds ?kj tkrk FkkA buesa ls cgqr&ls lkalnksa ls eSa igys dHkh ugha feyk FkkA muls ;k muds ?kj tks yksx feyrs Fks] mUgsa dqN nsj cSBdj tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn& gokyk dkaM dh ckjhfd;k¡ le>krk Fkk vkSj laln esa loky iwNus dk fuosnu djrk FkkA pwfa d Hkktik ;g nkok djrh gS fd vkradokn vkSj Hkz’Vkpkj ds ekeys esa mldk nkeu badk ls T;knk lkQ gS] blfy, gokyk dkaM esa Hkktik o mlls tqMs+ laxBuksa ds O;ogkj ds ckjs esa vkxs foLr`r ys[k gSA ckdh yksxksa esa ls tks uke eq>s vPNh rjg ;kn gS]a os gS& a tkWtZ Quk±Mht] jfo jk;] banzthr xqIr] lkseukFk pVthZ] ekyfodk HkV~Vkpk;Z] prqjkuu feJ] fxfjtk O;kl] eerk cuthZ] Hkksxnas z >k vkfnA ij eq>s vk”p;Z gksrk Fkk fd ;s lc lkQ&lqFkjs yksx Hkh bl dkaM ij pqi D;ksa jgs\ Hkksxnas z >k vkSj ljyk ekgs”ojh dks NksMd + j fdlh us dHkh loky iwNus dk Hkh tksf[ke ugha mBk;k& “kksj epkuk vkSj laln dh dkjZokbZ jksduk rks nwjA igyh ckj yksdlHkk esa “kksj rc epk tc tuojh] 1996 esa dkQh usrk tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM esa pktZ”khV gks pqds FksA fofHkUu ?kksVkyksa esa fyIr usrk “kk;n vkt rd ;gh ekurs jgs Fks fd os pkgs pksjh] MdSrh] gR;k] cykRdkj o ns”knzkgs dqN Hkh D;ksa u djs]a mu ij dksbZ dkuwu ykxw ugha gksrkA ij D;k pqi jg tkuk “kjhQ jktusrkvksa dh etcwjh gS \ lkalnksa dh [krjukd pqIih %

103

104

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

eq>s lcls T;knk rdyhQ tkWtZ Quk±Mht ds O;ogkj ls gqbZA os esjs iqjkus ifjfpr gSa vkSj tsih vkanksyu ls tqMs+ gksus ds ukrs eSa muds izfr vknj dk Hkko j[krk FkkA vxLr 1993 ls gh eSa muls bl dkaM dks ysdj reke xksiuh; tkudkfj;ksa vkSj j.kuhfr dh ppkZ djrk jgkA os Hkh ges”kk cM+h rlYyh ls #fp ysdj lkjh ckrsa lqursA esjs cgqr mdlkus ij mUgksua s 16 flrEcj 1993 dks izèkkuea=h ds uke ,d NksVk&lk i= fy[kk] ftlesa bl dkaM dh tk¡p esa gks jgh f<ykbZ ij loky iwNk FkkA blds ckn ntZuksa ckj mUgksua s eq>ls laln esa iwNus ds fy, loky rS;kj dj ykus ds fy, dgkA eSa dbZ rjg ds loky cukdj fuèkkZfjr le; ij muds ?kj tkrk vkSj gj ckj os dksbZ u dksbZ cgkuk dj eq>s pdek ns tkrsA eSa vkf[kj rd ugha le> ldk fd mUgsa loky ugha iwNuk Fkk] rks mUgksua s eq>ls bu o’kks± esa ntZuksa ckj bruh dok;n D;ksa djokbZA ,d fnu tc mUgsa eq>ls cpus dk dksbZ jkLrk ugha feyk] rks mUgksua s cM+h bZekunkjh ls dgk] ^ns[kks geus ubZ&ubZ lerk ikVhZ cukbZ gS vkSj mlesa “kjn ;kno vkSj ,l-vkj- cksEebZ dks [kahp a us ds pDdj esa gSAa vxj ,sls loky iwN¡wxk rks ;s yksx fcnd tk,sx a As * ckn esa ftl rjg mUgksua s ykyÑ’.k vkMok.kh ls gkFk feyk;k] mlls jgh&lgh fLFkfr Hkh lkQ gks xbZ fd ;g mudh jktuhfrd etcwjh FkhA Hkz’Vkpkj mUewyu ds izrhd cu dj mHkjs fo”oukFk izrki flag Hkh bl ekeys esa jgL;e;h pqIih lkèks jgsA eq>s muls lg;ksx feyus dh dkQh mEehn FkhA eq>s yxrk Fkk fd os cgqr lkQ vkneh gSAa mUgksua s gh Hkz’Vkpkj ds eqís dks iwjs tksj&”kksj vkSj ne&[ke ds lkFk mBk;k FkkA blfy, eq>s mEehn Fkh fd dksbZ dqN cksy& s u&cksy]s oh-ih- flag esjk lkFk t:j nsx a As ;g crkrs gq, nq[k gksrk gS fd 1993&96 ds rhu lkyksa esa de&ls&de eSa rhu ckj muds ?kj x;kA lkjs dkxtkr fn,A muds lfpo ,l-,u- flag dks Hkh le>kus dh dksf”k”k dhA lqurs gSa fd fnoaxr eèkq fye;s us Hkh jk’Vªfgr dk ;g lkalnksa dh [krjukd pqIih %

105

ekeyk mBkus ds fy, mu ij tksj Mkyk FkkA crkrs gSa fd Jh fye;s us muls ;g dgk fd] ^ns”k dh lqj{kk ls tqMs+ Hkz’Vkpkj ds bl ekeys esa brus lkjs yksx fyIr gS]a fQj vki pqi D;ksa gS\a * mUgksua s bl ckr ij Hkh è;ku ugha fn;kA dgha c;ku ugha fn,A laln esa dqN ugha fd;kA pqi cSBs jgsA D;ks\a muds ije fe= iwoZ lkaln vkSj i=dkj larks’k Hkkjrh; 16 tuojh] 96 dh lQyrk ds ckn esjs dk;kZy; esa eq>s cèkkbZ nsus vk,] rks eSua s muls iwNk fd vkids usrk oh-ih- flag bl ekeys esa pqi D;ksa gSAa mUgksua s dgk] ^rqe Hkh D;k ckr djrs gks\ ftldh dSfcusV ds vkèks ea=h bl ?kksVkys esa “kkfey gS]a og fdl eq¡g ls bl ij cksyx s k\* ;g xkSjryc gS fd Lo- Jh oh-ih- flag us tc Hkz’Vkpkj dks eqík cuk;k Fkk rks muds izeq[k lkFkh fo|kpj.k “kqDy] lriky efyd] v#.k usg:] vkSj vkfjQ eksgEen [kka FksA ftuesa ls rhu ij tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM esa fyIr gksus ds vkjksi yx pqds gSAa o’kks± ckn tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM ij Lo-Jh oh-ih- flag dk ,d c;ku tulÙkk esa Nik] ftls i<+ dj eSua s mUgsa ;g i= fy[kk& 9-9-98 Jh fo”oukFk izrki flag iwoZ izèkkuea=h 1] rhuewfrZ ekxZ ubZ fnYyh

fiz; flag lkgc] vkt ds v[kckj esa ,d [kcj i<+hA vkius lh-ch-vkbZ- dks jktusrkvksa ls gokyk ekeys dks ysdj {kek ek¡xus dh lykg nh gSA vxj okLro esa vkius ,slk dgk gS] rks ;g cgqr [krjukd ckr gSA vki rks ml in ij jg pqds gSa ftl in ij 1973 ds ckn cSBus okys gj O;fDr 106

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

us lh-ch-vkbZ- dks iaxq cuk dj j[kk vkSj blls vius jktuhfrd fojksfèk;ksa dks Mjkus dk dke fy;kA tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM ls tqMs+ lc rF; vki tkurs gSAa jk’Vª dk blls cM+k nqHkkZX; D;k gks ldrk gS fd vkradokfn;ksa dks fons”kh enn feyus ds reke lcwr gksus ds okctwn bl dkaM dh vkt rd tk¡p Hkh “kq: ugha gqbZA vki tSls jktusrkvksa us dHkh bl ekeys esa fu’i{k tk¡p dh ek¡x ugha dh] D;ksa \ 1993 ls 95 ds chp rks eSa gh vkids ?kj rhu ckj vk;k Fkk lkjs nLrkost ysdj& bl mEehn esa fd “kk;n vki jk’Vªfgr esa bl dkaM dh tk¡p dh ek¡x djus ls ugha fgpdsx a As ij vki [kkeks”k jgsA vkt [kkeks”kh rksMh+ Hkh] rks ,sls vuSfrd oDrO; lsA blls rks pqi gh cSBs jgrsA de ls de Hkze rks cuk jgrkA “kqHkdkeukvksa lfgr Hkonh; ¼fouhr ukjk;.k½ bl i= dk fuEu mÙkj izkIr gqvk& fo”oukFk izrki flag 1] rhuewfrZ ekxZ ubZ fnYyh&110011 12-09-98 fiz; Jh fouhr ukjk;.k th] eSua s tks c;ku fn;k Fkk og vaxzt s h esa Fkk] mldh ewyizfr vkids ikl Hkst jgs gSAa vki i<+dj ns[ksx a ]s tks tulÙkk esa bldk vuqokn Nik gS] og ewy ls fHkUu gSA vkSj tgk¡ rd ekQh ek¡xus dh ckr gS esjk vk”k; turk ls ekQh ek¡xus dh ckr gSA fnukad 11-09-98 ds tulÙkk esa esjk iw.kZ c;ku vk;k gSA bls Hkh ns[kus dh Ñik djsAa lkalnksa dh [krjukd pqIih %

107

“kqHkdkeukvksa lfgr vkidk ¼fo”oukFk izrki flag½ bl i= dk eSua s fuEu mÙkj fn;k(

17-9-98 Jh fo”oukFk izrki flag iwoZ izèkkuea=h 1] rhuewfrZ ekxZ ubZ fnYyh fiz; flag lkgc] 12-9-98 dk fy[kk vkidk i= feykA vPNk yxkA blls igys ns”k ds lHkh lkalnksa o usrkvksa ds uke eSa yxkrkj 1993 ls i=] ipsZ vkSj dkypØ v[kckj Hkstrk jgk] ftuesa ,d gh vihy gksrh Fkh fd lh-ch-vkbZ-] Qsjk vkfn tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM dh tk¡p ugha dj jgs gSAa vkjksih fudy Hkkxsx a As vkradokn ij yxke ugha dlh tk ldsxhA csxqukg yksx ejrs jgsx a As ij ,d Hkh lkaln ;k usrk us u rks mÙkj nsuk mfpr le>k vkSj u gh bl loky dks laln esa iqjtksj rjhds ls iwNus dh fgEer fn[kkbZA vius i= ds lkFk Hksth foKfIr esa vkius lh-ch-vkbZ- ij vkjksi yxk;k gS fd mlus “kjn ;kno] cksEebZ] vkMok.kh vkSj [kqjkuk ljh[ks usrkvksa dks ukgd ijs”kku fd;kA ij viuh varjkRek ls iwfN, fd vkids usr`Ro esa <kbZ o’kZ rd cksQkslZ dkaM ij lkjs ns”k dh lM+dksa ij rwQku epkus okys ;s usrkx.k fiNys lkr o’kZ ls tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM dh bZekunkj tk¡p dh ek¡x ls D;ksa drjk jgs gSa \ tcfd cksQkslZ rks ek= fj”or dk dkaM Fkk vkSj ;g ns”knzkgs dk dkaM gSA 108

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

vkids }kjk Hksth foKfIr esa tks ewy vk”k; Fkk ogh tulÙkk us 9 flrEcj 1998 dks Nkik gSA tulÙkk ds vuqoknd@i=dkj dks vki ukgd nks’k ns jgs gSAa vHkh Hkh D;k fcxM+k gS\ vkb,! lkjs ns”k esa rwQku epk,¡ fd vkradokfn;ksa vkSj jktusrkvksa o vkyk vQljksa dks voSèk :i ls fons”kh enn igq¡pkus okys ra= dk inkZQk”k djus ds fy, tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM dh fu’i{k tk¡p dh tk,A ij flQZ tk¡p dh tk,] yhik&iksrh ughaA gk¡] vkidks Hkh jk’Vª ls ekQh ekaxuh gksxh] D;ksfa d brus egÙoiw.kZ dkaM ij dkypØ Vhe dh ckj&ckj vihyksa dks vulquk dj vki tks brus o’kZ [kkeks”k jgs] mlls jk’Vª dk Hkkjh vfgr gqvk gSA fpark dh dksbZ ckr ugha gSA vHkh Hkh dqN ugha fcxM+kA vki rks tkurs gh gSa fd vkijkfèkd ekeyksa dks jktuhfrd ncko ls FkksMs+ le; ds fy, BaMs cLrs esa Mkyk tk ldrk gS] ges”kk ds fy, [kRe ugha fd;k tk ldrkA 1984 vkSj 1986 esa nck fn, x, fnYyh ds naxksa ds ekeys vkSj lsVa fdV~l ds ekeys esa ,p-ds-,y- Hkxr o panzkLokeh dks 1996 esa tsy tkuk iM+kA ;fn fuMj vfèkdkfj;ksa }kjk bZekunkjh ls tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM dh tk¡p gks] rks vkt Hkh ,d iwjh ckjkr tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM esa tsy tk,xhA vkidh tkudkjh c<+kus ds fy, bl dkaM ls tqMs+ dkuwuh i{kksa ij dqN lkexzh Hkst jgk gw¡] tks igys Hkh vkidks Hksth tk pqdh gSA blds lkFk gh ,d ek¡x vkSj vkidks djuh gksxhA og ;g fd 1991 ls vkt rd lh-ch-vkbZ- ds ftu funs”kdksa o vfèkdkfj;ksa us tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM ds vkjksfi;ksa dks cpkus dk dke fd;k gS] muds f[kykQ vkijkfèkd lkft”k djus ds fy, Hkkjrh; naM lafgrk ds rgr eqdnes dk;e fd, tk,s]a rkfd Hkfo’; esa dksbZ ,slh ukQjekuh uk djsA

lkalnksa dh [krjukd pqIih %

109

;fn vki mlh rjg gekjs bl vfHk;ku esa lg;ksx djus dks rS;kj gksa tSls cksQkslZ dkaM esa geus vkids lkFk fd;k Fkk] rks gesa [kq”kh gksxhA “kqHkdkeukvksa lfgr Hkonh; ¼fouhr ukjk;.k½ i= ikus ds ckn jktk ekaMk us pqIih lkèk yhA ;g igyh ckj ugha gqvkA gokyk la?k’kZ ds nkSjku Hkh gekjs “kqHkfpard odhy oh-dsvksgjh us lkalnksa ds uke ,d [kqyk i= fy[kdj gj lkaln ds ?kj Hkstk vkSj muls laln esa tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM ij loky djus dh vihy dh] ysfdu fdlh ds dku ij tw¡ rd ugha jsx a hA i= bl izdkj Fkk %

fiz; lkaln] ns”k ds lcls cM+s ?kksVkys dks nckus ds lcls xaHkhj iz;klksa ls lEcafèkr ekeys esa ;g i= fy[krs gq, eq>s dkQh nq[k gks jgk gSA nqfu;k ds lcls cM+s yksdra= ds bl ?kksVkys esa loksZPp jktuhfrK vkSj ukSdj”kkg “kkfey gSAa bl ?kksVkys dks ysdj ns”kHkj ds ukxfjd fpafrr gS]a ij vkt rd ,d Hkh lkaln ¼Hkkdik dh ljyk ekgs”ojh dks NksMd + j½ us laln Hkou esa bl ekeys ij pwa rd ugha dh gSA ljyk ekgs”ojh dh vkokt Hkh cgql[a ;d lnL;ksa ds chp nc xbZA bu lnL;ksa us vius mu jktuhfrd vkdkvksa ds izfr oQknkjh fn[kkbZ] ftUgsa nks uacj ds iSls fn, x, FksA lHkh lkalnksa dh bl vlkèkkj.k pqIih dk lhèkk&lk dkj.k ;g gS fd yxHkx lHkh izeq[k ikfVZ;ksa ¼okeiaFkh ikfVZ;ksa dks NksMd + j½ ds vkyk usrkvksa dks bu fons”kh iSlksa esa fgLlk feyk gSA ;s iSls ,d ,sls lzksr ls vk, gSa ftlds lEcaèk ikfdLrkuh [kqfQ;k ,taslh vkbZ-,l-vkbZ- ls 110

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

gksus dk “kd gSA d”ehj ?kkVh esa fgalk QSykus okys mxzokfn;ksa dks Hkh ;gha ls iSls feyrs FksA ge yksx jkst v[kckjksa esa vkSj Vhoh ds lhèks izlkj.k esa ns[krs gSa fd lkaln iqfyl fgjklr esa ekSr ;k dq[;kr vijkfèk;ksa dh QthZ eqBHksM+ esa ekSr tSls ekeyksa ij tksj&tksj ls ph[krs gSAa ij ns”k dh yksdrkaf=d O;oLFkk dh tM+ dkVus ds iz;kl ds bl ekeys esa fdlh dks xqLlk ugha vk;k] tcfd vxLr 1993 ds ckn ls ;g ?kksVkyk yxHkx lHkh jk’Vªh; v[kckjksa vkSj if=dkvksa esa Nirk jgk gSA D;k dHkh fdlh tu izfrfufèk us mu fons”kh lzkrs ksas ds ckjs esa tkuuk pkgk gS tks ,d rjQ rks mxzokfn;ksa dks iSls ns jgs gSa vkSj nwljh vksj ofj’B jktuhfrKks]a vkyk ukSdj”kkgks]a lkoZtfud m|ekas ds izeq[kks]a [kqfQ;k ,tsfa l;ksa ds eqf[k;kvksa dks iSls ns jgs gS\a fiNys dbZ cjlksa ds nkSjku eSua s ns[kk gS fd bl ns”k dk vke ernkrk bl ekeys dh rqyuk esa flQZ ,d izfr”kr lcwr ds vkèkkj ij gh VkMk] Qsjk vkSj dksQis kslk tSls vijkèkksa esa lha[kpksa esa can dj fn;k tkrk gS vkSj vfèkdkjh mUgsa tekur nsus dk fojksèk djrs gSAa le; vk x;k gS fd lHkh lkaln bl ekeys dks laln ds Hkhrj vkSj ckgj bZekunkjh ls mBk,saA tks ;g igy ugha djsaxs mUgsa ns”k dks uqdlku igq¡pkus okyh jk’Vª fojksèkh rkdrksa dk lg;ksxh djkj fn, tkus dh vk”kadk gSA esjk ekuuk gS fd gesa futh oQknkjh vkSj ikVhZ dh jktuhfr ls Åij mBdj jk’Vªfgr esa dke djuk pkfg,] rkfd ns”k dks cjckn gksus ls cpk;k tk ldsA &oh-dsvksgjh Jh vksgjh us ckn esa vke turk ds uke Hkh ,d ipkZ Niokdj dkypØ ls tqMs+ Lo;alos h Nk=ksa dh ekQZr ns”kHkj esa c¡Vok;kA bl ipsZ esa Jh vksgjh us fy[kk Fkk % lkalnksa dh [krjukd pqIih %

111

^vkils O;kikj esa vutkus xyrh gks tk,] rks gkfde vkidks gj rjg ls csbTtr djrs gSAa ns”k ds djksMk+ as fdlkuksa ds csxqukg cPpksa dks iqfyl izrkfM+r djrh gSA lM+d ij vki ykycÙkh ØkWl djs]a rks 100 #i, tqekZuk nsuk iM+rk gSA ij ns”k ds usrk ;fn ns”knzkgs Hkh djs]a rks dksbZ ltk ugha] dksbZ tqekZuk ugha] D;ks\a D;k muds fy, vyx dkuwu gS\ ^vkt rks gj ny dk ,d gh gky gSA bl ipsZ ds ihNs Nih [kcj i<+dj gj ns”kizes h ds jksx a Vs [kM+s gks tk,sx a As brus cM+s dkaM dks lh-ch-vkbZ- rhu cjl rd nck, D;ksa cSBh jgh\ tjk lksfp,] ;fn fouhr ukjk;.k tSls lkgfld i=dkj bl dkaM dk inkZQk”k ugha djrs rks ge vkSj vki ns’k ds f[kykQ py jgh bl varjkZ’Vªh; lkft”k ls ukokfdQ gh jgrsA ^lh-ch-vkbZ- dh bl [kqyv s ke cs”kehZ ds f[kykQ pqi ugha cSBuk gSA de ls de ,d&,d i= vius v[kckj ds laiknd ds uke o ns”k ds jk’Vªifr ds uke t:j fy[kuk gSA ;s yksx viuh rjg ls ljdkj ij ncko Mkysa fd og bl dkaM esa fyIr yksxksa ds f[kykQ rqjra dkjZokbZ djsA ;kn jf[k,] vkidk i= csdkj ugha tk,xkA ;g Hkz’Vkpkfj;ksa ds rkcwr esa ,d&,d dhy dh rjg pqHksxkA pwfd,xk erA ,sls ekSds jkst&jkst ugha vkrsA loksZPp U;k;ky; ds ekuuh; U;k;kèkh”kx.k rd lh-ch-vkbZ- dh bl dksrkgh ls l[r ukjkt gSAa i;kZoj.k] tksf[ke Hkjk cpiu] efgyk vfèkdkj o lkaiznkf;drk tSls eqís ij ge cjlksa yM+rs jgs] ij dke;kch ugha fey ldh] D;ksfa d lÙkk i{k vkSj foi{k esa ,d&ls yksx cSBs gSa vkSj ;g gky gS mudkA fopkjèkkjk o vkn”kk±s ds uke ij ernkrk dks ew[kZ cukus okys ,d gh FkSyh ds pês&cês gSAa vkt t:jr bl eqís ij iwjs ns”k ds lfØ; yksxksa ds ,dtqV gksus dh gSA dkuwu ds gkFk yacs gksrs gSAa varqys vkSj bafnjk xkaèkh dh reke rkdr ds ckotwn cacbZ vkSj bykgkckn mPp U;k;ky; us mUgsa dkuwu dh rkdr fn[kk nh FkhA gesa ;g ekeyk turk ds chp izpkfjr djuk gSA ekuuh; U;k;kèkh”kksa rd us dgk 112

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

gS fd ;g cgqr cM+k ekeyk gS vkSj blesa cgqr lkjs lcwr ekStnw gSSaA vke vkneh dks izrkfM+r djus okyh lh-ch-vkbZ- }kjk ns”knzkgs ds bl laxhu ekeys dks cs”kehZ ls nckuk gh vkidks mÙksftr djus ds fy, dkQh gSA dkypØ ;g yM+kbZ fiNys Ms<+ cjl ls yM+ jgk gSA fQj Hkh ;fn ;g tkudkjh vkidh ut+j esa ugha vk ldh] rks lkQ tkfgj gS fd vkids v[kckj esa vkt rd ds bl lcls cM+s vkSj laxhu eqís dks tkucw>dj nck;k tk jgk gSA ,slk izcèa kdksa dh lfnPNk ds fo#)] Åij ls iM+ jgs ncko ds dkj.k gks jgk gSA bl nkSjku ns”k ds dbZ v[kckjksa us dgha de egÙo ds eqíksa dks igys i`’B ij eqLrSnh ls mNkyk gSA ij v[kckj yksdra= dk pkSFkk [kack gSAa mUgsa varjkRek dh vkokt ds fo#) lPPkkbZ fNikus ij dksbZ etcwj ugha dj ldrkA vkids v[kckj ds laikndh; foHkkx dks vkids i=ksa ls lgkjk feysxk vkSj os fcuk ncko ds bl eqís ij dke dj ldsx a As ^vkidks ;g tkudj vPNk yxsxk fd ns”k dh T;knkrj laLFkkvksa ls ukjkt jgus okys eq[; pquko vk;qä Jh Vh-,u- “ks’ku us 24 uoEcj 94 dks if”peh mÙkj izn”s k dh ,d fo”kky tulHkk esa dgk fd] ^fouhr ukjk;.k lksus ds vkneh gS]a ihry ds ughaA os vU;k; ds f[kykQ yM+rs gSAa os fuMj yM+rs gSAa ftl txg ls vkneh Mjdj Hkkx tkrs gS]a ml txg jkst lqizhe dksVZ esa tkdj yM+rs gSAa esjh rkjhQ ls mudh yEckbZ c<sx + h ugha] mudh yEckbZ oSls gh T;knk gSA* ^----;fn vki x`fg.kh gS]a Nk=k gS]a etnwj gS]a nqdkunkj gS]a O;olk;h gS]a fdlku gSa ;k f”k{kd gS]a vki pkgs ftl {ks= esa gS]a ;fn vki bl eqís ij mB [kM+s gksa ;k viuk FkksMk+ Hkh le; blds izpkj ds fy, ns lds]a rks cgqr cM+h ns”k lsok gksxhA ;gh eqík yksdra= ds nwjxkeh lqèkkj dh “kq#vkr djsxkA ;g lkspdj pqi er cSfB, fd vdsyk puk D;k HkkM+ QksMx s+ kA D;k vki fdlh ls de gS\a vki 90 djksM+ gSa vkSj vkidk [kwu pwlus okys gqDejku eqëhHkjA vki eqä ân; ls lkalnksa dh [krjukd pqIih %

113

bl vkUnksyu ds fy, dkypØ lekpkj VªLV dks viuk le; nku nhft,A vxj vki lgh le; ij fuMj vkSj ns”kizes h yksxksa dk gkSlyk c<+k,¡] rks dksbZ otg ugha fd Hkkjr fQj ls lksus dh fpfM+;k u cu tk,A tkiku] dksfj;k vkSj rkboku dh gkyr ;gk¡ ls Hkh [kjkc Fkh] ij vki tSls ns”kizfs e;ksa us mUgsa dgk¡ ls dgk¡ igq¡pk fn;kA oh-dsvksgjh] fnlEcj] 1994

114

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

13 gokyk dkaM dk vlj tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM esa Qalus ds ckn bu jktusrkvksa dh ,slh nqnZ”kk gqbZ fd ctk; ,d jktuhfrd ny ds ianzg&chl jktuhfrd nyksa dks feydj ljdkj pykus ij etcwj gksuk iM+kA rhu lky esa Ng ckj izèkkuea=h viuh dqlhZ [kks cSBAs cgqr ls jktusrkvksa dh izfr’Bk èkwy esa fey xbZA ;kn dhft, tc tuojh o Qjojh 1996 esa ns”k ds bfrgkl esa igyh ckj dsna zh; ea=h] foi{k ds usrk vkSj jkT;iky tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj& vkradokn&gokyk dkaM eaas pktZ”khV gq,A mlds ckn ds ?kVukØe ls ns”k ds lHkh jktuhfrd nyksa dh ,slh feêh iyhn gqbZ fd pqukoksa dh ?kks’k.kk ds ckotwn u rks mudh ernkrkvksa ds lkeus tkus dh fgEer Fkh vkSj u gh mRlkg ls pquko vfHk;ku pykus dhA buds ikl dksbZ eqík rd ugha cpk] ftls ysdj ;s turk dks ew[kZ cuk ldsAa vdsys ,d tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM us ;g fl) dj fn;k fd Hkz’Vkpkj vkSj vkradokn dks laj{k.k nsus ds ekeys esa lHkh nyksa dh gkyr ,d&lh gSA tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM dh otg ls tc ;g lkQ gks x;k fd vc fdlh ny dh lk[k turk ds eu esa ugha cph] rks lHkh nyksa us ;g le> fy;k fd vc fopkjèkkjk dk mudk ukVd lekIr gks x;k vkSj lÙkk dk etk ywVus dk [ksy ljsvke [ksyk tkus yxkA jke&uke dk t;?kks’k djus okyh Hkktik us mÙkj izn”s k dh turk ls dgk fd jke rks rqEgsa ugha ns ldrs] jkefojksèkh dk”khjke ls dke pyk yksA cksQkslZ dks eqík cukdj dkaxzl s ij egk Hkz’Vkpkjh gksus ds vkjksi yxkus okys fo”oukFk izrki flag o dE;qfuLVksa ds lg;ksxh ny mlh dkaxl zs ls gkFk feykdj lÙkk pykus yxsA dqlhZ ds fy, fd, tk jgs bu le>kSrksas esa uk rks dksbZ fopkjèkkjk dk gokyk dkaM dk vlj %

115

loky Fkk vkSj u gh jk”Vª fuekZ.k dk dksbZ uD’kkA dksbZ ,slk U;wure lk>k dk;ZØe rd ugha Fkk] tks turk dh cngkyh nwj dj lds] mls egaxkbZ] Hkz”Vkpkj vkSj csjkstxkjh ls jkgr fnyk ldsA

U;kf;d lfØ;rk\ 1997 ds “kq: esa tc usrkvksa dks yxk fd mudh nky ugha xy jgh gS] rks mUgksua s vius HkkM+s ds yksxksa ls ^U;kf;d lfØ;rk* ij cgl pkyw djok nhA bldk edln U;k;kèkh”kksa dks Mjkuk vkSj turk esa ,slh gok QSykuk Fkk ekuks U;k;kèkh”k viuh lhekvksa ls ckgj tk jgs gksAa iz”u ;g gS fd tc dk;Zikfydk ns”k ywVus esa tqVh gks vkSj turk =kfg&=kfg dj jgh gks] foèkkf;dk esa xqM a s vkSj ekfQ;k gkoh gks jgs gks]a rks yksdra= ds vU; [kacs ;Fkk ehfM;k] pquko vk;ksx ;k U;k;ikfydk] vxj viuk dke rRijrk ls djs]a rks D;k mls vfr lfØ;rk dgdj jksd nsuk pkfg, vkSj ns”k dks xq.Mkas vkSj cnek”kksa ds gkFkksa yqVus nsuk pkfg,\ tc rd bl ns”k ds lkS&nks lkSS vOoy ntsZ ds vijkèkh jktusrkvksa vkSj vQljksa dks dM+h ltk ugha fey tkrh] rc rd dkgs dh U;kf;d lfØ;rk\ 1996 esa tc fofHkUu ?kksVkyksa esa cM+& s cM+s ?kksVkysckt usrkvksa dh èkM+&idM+ tkjh jgh] rks fnlEcj 1996 esa cgqr&ls lkalnksa us ,d vfHk;ku pyk;k fd lkaln ^tu&lsod* ¼ifCyd los±V½ dh Js.kh esa ugha vkrsA bl rjg dk foèks;d Hkh laln esa ykus dh ppkZ pyh] rkfd Hkz’Vkpkj ds vkjksiksa esa Qals reke lkaln vkSj usrk dkuwu ds f”kdats ls NwV ldsAa geus bldk gj ekè;e ij MVdj fojksèk fd;kA lkSHkkX; ls dqN dE;qfuLV lkalnksa us Hkh bldk fojksèk fd;kA eSua s 19 fnlEcj^ 96 dks fyf[kr izfrosnu dj loksZPp U;k;ky; dk è;ku Hkh bl vksj vkÑ’V djok;k] rkfd dksVZ dks Hkh bl ekeys esa lfØ; fd;k tk,A dqy feykdj gkykr ,sls cus fd ;g ekeyk [kVkbZ esa iM+ x;kA 8 vizSy 1997 dks fnYyh mPp U;k;ky; ds 116

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

U;k;ewfrZ Jh “kehe ds fu.kZ; ls ;g ckr vkSj Hkh lkQ gks xbZ fd lkaln ^tu lsod* gSa vkSj muds f[kykQ Hkz’Vkpkj ds eqdnes pyk, tk ldrs gSAa

U;k;ewfrZ ts-,l- oekZ dk [kkSQ pwfa d ns”k esa U;k;ewfrZ Jh oekZ dh [krjukd Nfo cu pqdh Fkh vkSj T;knkrj jktusrkvksa dks ml ^ncko* dh lkft”kksa dh tkudkjh ugha Fkh tks insZ ds ihNs py jgh Fkha] blfy, ?kksVkykas esa fyIr dqN jktusrkvksa us nwljk iz;kl ;g fd;k fd fdlh rjg U;k;ewfrZ ts-,l- oekZ dks Hkkjr dk eq[; U;k;kèkh”k cuus ls jksdk tk,A ij tkx:d yksxksa o ehfM;k us bu rkdroj yksxksa dks ;g le>kus dh dksf”k”k dh fd blls ns”k dh turk esa xyr lan”s k tk,xkA etcwju rRdkyhu dsna zh; dkuwu ea=h jekdkar [kyi dks LVkj Vhoh ds lekpkjksa esa ,d c;ku tkjh djuk iM+k fd vxys eq[; U;k;kèkh”k ts-,l- oekZ gh cusx a As ts-,l- oekZ ls bl rjg Mjus ds ihNs dkj.k lkQ FkkA ;g Jh oekZ gh Fks] ftUgksua s tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj& vkradokn&gokyk dkaM esa #fp ysdj gekjs la?k”kZ dks vHkwriwoZ Å¡pkb;ksa ij igq¡pk;kA muds tSls dqN U;k;ewfrZ;ksa ds dkj.k Hkz”V usrkvksa ds eu esa igyh ckj dkuwu dk Mj iSnk gqvkA U;k;ewfrZ oSd a VpyS;k ds dk;Zdky ds nkSjku 11 eghus ls ckj&ckj Vy jgh tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM dh lquokbZ tc uoEcj 1994 esa igyh ckj muds lkeus gqbZ] rks mudh fVIi.kh Fkh % ^;g ,d vlkèkkj.k ekeyk gS vkSj ,slk jkst&jkst ugha gksrkA ge dkQh ijs”kku gSa vkSj bl ekeys dks ;ksa gh ugha NksM+ ldrsA bldk rdZlx a r fu’d’kZ fudkyuk gh gksxkA ge ifj.kke pkgrs gSAa *^^ ,sls fopkj j[kus okys O;fDr ds eq[; U;k;kèkh”k cuus ls igys gh vxj mls Mjk&èkedk fn;k tk,] rks mlds <hyk iM+ tkus dh laHkkouk cu ldrh FkhA ;g nqHkkZX; gh gS fd brus mRlkg ls gokyk dkaM dk vlj %

117

tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM dks xEHkhjrk ls ysus okys U;k;ewfrZ ts-,l- oekZ dks “kq#vkrh dke;kch ds ckn bl rjg ?ksjk x;k fd gokyk dsl fcuk izHkkoh ifj.kkeksa rd igq¡ps gh ,d ckj fQj BaMs cLrs esa Mky fn;k x;kA tcfd nwljh rjQ dqN U;k;ewfrZ;ksa vkSj jk’Vª ds izfr lefiZr i=dkjksa vkSj odhyksa us gh rks fiNys dqN o’kks± esa bVyh] dksfj;k] rkboku vkSj tkiku tSls ns”kksa esa lSdM+kas usrkvks]a eaf=;ksa o izèkkueaf=;ksa dks Hkz’Vkpkj ds ekeyksa esa idM+dj tsy ds lha[kpksa ds ihNs can djok;k gSA nqHkkZX; gS fd gokyk dsl vHkh Hkh T;ksa dk R;ksa viuh txg [kM+k gSA lh-ch-vkbZ- dk dksbZ Hkh bZekunkj vkSj fuMj funs”kd vkSj loksZPp U;k;ky; dk dksbZ vM+us okyk eq[; U;k;kèkh”k tc pkgs iwjs dsl dks fQj lqf[kZ;ksa esa ykdj vijkfèk;ksa dks ltk fnyokus dk ,sfrgkfld dke dj ldrk gSA gk¡] ,slk gks lds] blds fy, bl O;oLFkk ls nq[kh vkSj vkftt vk pqds lHkh yksxksa dks lkjs ns”k ds Lrj ij tksjnkj vkokt mBkuh iM+x s hA rHkh dqN cnysxkA nsoxkSM+k ljdkj dk [kqfQ;k Qjeku ,d vkSj lkft”k tuojh 1997 esa gqb]Z tc izèkkuea=h ,p-MhnsoxkSMk+ ij ncko Mkydj mudh ljdkj dh rjQ ls lh-ch-vkbZvkSj vk;dj foHkkx ds mPp vfèkdkfj;ksa dks xksiuh; rkSj ij funsZ”k Hkstk x;k fd os Hkkjr ljdkj esa la;qDr lfpo o blls Åij ds Lrj ds vfèkdkfj;ks]a cSd a ksa ds egkizcèa kdksa ,oa usrkvksa o eaf=;ksa ij Nkik Mkyus ls igys izèkkuea=h dk;kZy; ls vuqefr ysAa ;g lhèks&lhèks lqizhe dksVZ ds vkns”k dh voekuuk FkhA eSua s loksZPp U;k;ky; esa fyf[kr izfrosnu nsdj bldh rjQ U;k;ky; dk è;ku vkÑ’V fd;kA 16 Qjojh 1997 ds bafM;u ,Dlizl s ds lHkh laLdj.kksa esa ;g [kcj izeq[krk ls igys i`’B ij NihA loksZPp U;k;ky; us ,VkWuhZ tujy vkWQ bf.M;k dh ekQZr Hkkjr ljdkj dks rxM+h >kM+ fiykbZA urhtru izèkkuea=h dks izl s esa c;ku tkjh 118

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

djuk iM+k fd geus ,slk dksbZ funsZ”k ughas fn;kA njvly] ;g funsZ”k g’kZn esgrk okys cSd a ?kksVkys esa Qals dqN cM+s cSd a vfèkdkfj;ksa vkSj usrkvksa dks cpkus ds edln ls Hkstk x;k FkkA ;gk¡ ;g ;kn fnyk nsuk leqfpr gksxk fd iz/kkuea=h dk;kZy; vkSj lh-ch-vkbZfuns”kd dh lkaB&xkaB dks ns[kdj gh eSua s Qjojh 1996 esa ,d fyf[kr izfrosnu nkf[ky dj lqizhe dksVZ ls ;g vkns”k ysus esa lQyrk gkfly dj yh Fkh fd gokyk ekeys esa Nkiksa vkSj tk¡p ds fy, lh-ch-vkbZ- dks vc fdlh vfèkdkjh] ea=h] ;gk¡ rd fd izèkkuea=h rd ls fdlh fdLe dh vuqefr ;k vkns”k ysus dh t:jr ugha gSA ;g ,d ,sfrgkfld vkns”k Fkk vkSj ml fnu ds Vsyhfotu izlkj.kksa vkSj v[kckjksa esa ;g igyh [kcj cuh FkhA

tufgr ;kfpdk ij jksd bl rjg ,d ds ckn ,d] tc lkjs iz;kl ukdke gks x,] rks usrkvksa us ,d ubZ is”kd”k dh] ftlls de ls de Hkfo’; esa rks tufgr ;kfpdkvksa dks nkf[ky djuk ukeqefdu&lk gks tk,A mUgksua s blds fy, dkuwu cukus dh is”kd”k dhA tufgr ;kfpdkvksa ij f”kdatk dlus dh ;g lkft”k Hkh cgqr lkjs yksxksa ds lk>s iz;kl ls ukdke;kc jgh vkSj blh tíkstgn ds chp vkf[kjdkj 25 ekpZ 1997 dks U;k;ewfrZ ts-,l- oekZ Hkkjr ds eq[; U;k;kèkh”k cu x,A ljdkj fxjk nh xbZ LokHkkfod gS fd Hkz’Vkpkj dkaMksa vkSj tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj& vkradokn&gokyk dkaM essa vkjksfir mu reke usrkvksa vkSj vQljksa dks Hkkjh ?kcjkgV gqbZ] ftuds f[kykQ Hkz’Vkpkj ds cM+s ekeys izdk”k esa vk pqds FksA blhfy, bUgksua s vanj gh vanj lkft”k dj jktuhfrd vfLFkjrk iSnk dhA U;k;ewfrZ Jh oekZ ds in xzg.k ds 5 fnu ckn vkSj tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM dh lquokbZ ds dsoy 7 fnu igys fcuk fdlh otg ds ,p-Mh- nsoxkSMk+ dh ljdkj fxjok gokyk dkaM dk vlj %

119

nh xbZ] rkfd ns”kokfl;ksa vkSj ehfM;k dk è;ku jktuhfrd vfLFkjrk dh rjQ yxk jgs vkSj budh xnZu rd dkuwu dk f”kdatk u igq¡p ldsA bl xgek&xgeh esa gh lkjk oDr fudy x;k vkSj loksZPp vnkyr xzh’e vodk”k ds fy, cUn gks xbZA jkspd ckr ;g gS fd 11 vizSy 1997 dks yksdlHkk esa fo”okl izLrko ij cgl ds nkSjku lkaln uhrh”k dqekj] lq’kek Lojkt] izeksn egktu vkfn us Hkh ;g ckr cM+s tksjnkj rjhds ls j[kh fd dkaxfsz l;ksa }kjk ljdkj fxjkus dh vlyh otg frgkM+ tsy esa tkus dk Mj gSA

loksZPp U;k;ky; ij ^ncko* tc jktusrk tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM dh ekj ls cpus ds fuR; u, gFkdaMs viuk jgs Fks] rHkh bl dkaM ds vkjksih tSu caèkq tSls dqN T;knk gksf”k;kj yksxksa us xqipqi jgdj loksZPp U;k;ky; esa viuh xksfV;k¡ fcNk yhaA fdlh dks dkuks& a dku [kcj rd u yxhA bldk foLr`r C;kSjk vkxs ds vè;k; esa fn;k x;k gSA

120

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

10 lh-ch-vkbZ- dh “keZukd Hkwfedk 3 ebZ 1991 ls tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM dks lh-ch-vkbZ- us ftl rjg cs”kehZ ls nckus dk dke fd;k gS og vius vki esa ,d cM+k ?kksVkyk gSA 16 twu 1991 dks lh-ch-vkbZ- us nkok fd;k fd mlus bl ekeys dh tk¡p djus okys] vius gh Mh-vkbZ-thvks-ih- “kekZ dks 10 yk[k #i, dh fj”or ysrs gq, fxj¶rkj fd;k gSA bldh [kcj iwjs ns”k ds v[kckjksa esa izeq[krk ls NihA v[kckj i<+dj lHkh dks yxk Fkk fd lh-ch-vkbZ-okys èkeZjkt ;qfèkf’Bj ds oa”kt gSAa ij bl dsl dh xgjkbZ ls tk¡p djus ij dqN vkSj gh utkjk lkeus vk;kA bl ekeys dh tk¡p djus okys lh- ch- vkbZ- vfèkdkjh vks-ih“kekZ lqjnas z tSu ds ,tsVa ls bl ekeys dks jQk&nQk djus ds fy, 10 yk[k #i, ys jgs Fks ;k ugha& ;g ekeyk rks vc vnkyr esa gS vkSj ogh r; djsxh] ij dqN loky t:j [kM+s gksrs gSa % & vxj vks-ih- “kekZ us 3 ebZ 1991 ls 16 twu 1991 ¼ftl fnu os idM+s x,½ ds chp ekeyk nckus ds fy, fj”or ds :i esa 10 yk[k #i, fy, Fks] rks 16 twu 1991 ls ekpZ 1995 ¼tc vnkyr ds ncko ls tSu caèkq idM+s x,½ ds chp ekeyk nckus ds fy, lh-chvkbZ- ds ckdh mPp vfèkdkfj;ksa us fdrus djksM+ #i, fj”or esa fy, \ & vk”p;Z dh ckr gS fd vks-ih- “kekZ ds ekeys esa f”kdk;rdrkZ ,l-ds- tSu dk c;ku lh-ch-vkbZ- us vkB eghus ckn Qjojh 1992 esa fjdkMZ fd;k] ;g c;ku rqjra gh D;ksa ugha fjdkMZ fd;k x;k\ D;k blfy, fd vxj ;g c;ku fjdkMZ fd;k tkrk rks 3 ebZ 1991 ds Nkis dh ckr dk lanHkZ lkeus vkrkA fQj tSu caèkqvks]a jktusrkvksa vkSj vQljksa dks Hkh rqjra fxj¶rkj djuk iM+rkA tks lhch-vkbZ- djuk ugha pkgrh FkhA & 3 ebZ 1991 ds Nkis ij vkèkkfjr VkMk ekeys dh pktZ”khV lh-ch-vkbZ- us 2 o’kZ ckn ekpZ 1992 esa nkf[ky dhA lh-ch-vkbZ- dh “keZukd Hkwfedk %

121

122

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

vkradokfn;ksa ds ekeys esa 2 o’kZ rd pqi jguk lh-ch-vkbZ- ds vfèkdfj;ksa dks ns”knzkfs g;ksa dh drkj esa [kM+k dj nsrk gSA ;g pktZ”khV Hkh bl rjg rS;kj dh xbZ rkfd tSu caèkqvks]a jktusrkvksa vkSj vQljksa dks blls lkQ cpk;k tk lds] blhfy, blesa flQZ “kkgcqíhu xksjh vkSj v”kQkd gqlus yksu dk uke FkkA gokyk Mhyj “kaHkw n;ky “kekZ ds c;ku dk ftØ rd ugha Fkk] tcfd “kEHkw n;ky “kekZ ds c;ku ds ckn gh tSu caèkqvksa ds ;gk¡ Nkik Mkyk x;k FkkA pktZ”khV esa “kEHkw n;ky “kekZ dk ftØ u djus dh otg ;g Fkh fd lh-ch-vkbZ- bl ekeys esa tSu caèkqvksa dk uke ugha vkus nsuk pkgrh Fkh] blfy, lh-ch-vkbZ- us fons”kh eqnzk vkSj djksMk+ as #i, ds vkenuh ds brus cM+s ekeys dh lwpuk u rks vk;dj foHkkx dks vkSj u izorZu funs”kky; dks nhA og Hkh rc tcfd tSu caèkqvksa dh [kkrk iqLrdksa esa 64 djksM+ #i, ds voSèk ysu&nsu dk fooj.k Fkk vkSj ;g jkf”k Li’Vr% voSèk rjhds ls Hkkjr vkbZ FkhA dkuwuu lh-ch-vkbZ- dk ;g QtZ Fkk fd og rqjra bldh lwpuk bu nks foHkkxksa dks nsrh rkfd os dksQis kslk] Qsjk o vk;dj dkuwu ds rgr bu reke yksxksa ds fo#) eqdnes dk;e djrsA bl rjg lh-ch-vkbZ- ds vkyk vQljksa us [kqn rks ns”knzkfs g;ksa dks cpkus dk vijkèk fd;k gh] nwljh tk¡p ,tsfa l;ksa dks Hkh bl dkaM dh gok ugha yxus nhA bl rjg nksgjk vijkèk fd;kA & lkQ gS lqjnas z tSu us blds fy, Hkh lh-ch-vkbZ- esa yksxksa dks eksVs iSls fn, gksx a ]s ij ;s iSls fdls feys bldk irk yxkus dh t:jr vkt rd fdlh us ugha le>h gSA vk”p;Z bl ckr dk gS fd NksVh&NksVh ykijokgh ij ljdkj ds NksVs vfèkdkfj;ksa dks lwyh ij p<+kus okyh lh-ch-vkbZ- us bl ?kksVkys esa “kkfey vius vfèkdkfj;ksa dks vkt rd ltk D;ksa ugha nh \ fQj lh-ch-vkbZ- us twu 1991 es]a vius gh Mh-vkbZ-thvks-ih- “kekZ dks fj”or ysus ds vkjksi esa lLiaM s D;ksa fd;k\ lh-ch-vkbZ- dh “keZukd Hkwfedk %

123

& lkspus okyh ckr ;g gS fd tks lqjnas z tSu gj cjl djksMk+ as #i, voSèk :i ls ck¡Vus dk vknh Fkk] mlus vius f[kykQ vkijkfèkd ekeys dh tk¡p dj jgs lh-ch-vkbZ- ds Mh-vkbZ-thvks-ih“kekZ dh f”kdk;r lh-ch-vkbZ- ls D;ksa dh\ D;k og jkrks& a jkr egkRek cu x;s Fks] tks mUgsa 10 yk[k #i, dh fj”or nsuk ,d vuSfrd dk;Z yxus yxk \ & bl gokyk dsl dh otg ls lqjnas z tSu dks ipklkssa djksM+ #i;k VSDl vkSj tqekZus ds :i esa nsuk iM+kA dkuwuh yM+kbZ esa Hkh eksVh jde [kpZ gqbAZ tsy dh gok [kkuh iM+hA bl tykyr ls cpus ds fy, D;k 10 yk[k #i;k cgqr cM+h jde Fkh] ftls nsdj mUgsa rdyhQ gks jgh Fkh\ & D;k ;g tkuuk t:jh ugha gS fd 3 ebZ 1991 ls 16 twu 1991 ds chp gokyk tk¡p dh dsl Qkbyksa ij vks-ih- “kekZ us D;k fVIif.k;k¡ ntZ dh gSa vkSj muds ckn ds vfèkdkfj;ksa us D;k fVIif.k;k¡ ntZ dh gS\a vxj ;s Qkbysa lkeus vk tk,as rks 1991 ls vkt rd bl ekeys ls tqMs+ lh-ch-vkbZ- ds funs”kdksa lesr reke cM+s vfèkdkjh dB?kjs esa [kM+s gks tk,ax s As bu Qkbyksa ds uEcj blh iqLrd esa Nis eq[; U;k;kèkh”k ds uke esjs i= esa ntZ gSAa & dgha ,slk rks ugha fd vks-ih- “kekZ vkyk vQljksa vkSj usrkvksa ds f[kykQ ebZ&twu 1991 esa dkjZokbZ djus ij vM+s Fks blhfy, mUgsa jkLrs ls gVk fn;k x;k\ D;ksfa d bl ekeys esa ,slk dqN Fkk gh ugha ftls Jh “kekZ nck ldrs FksA lkjh tfCr;k¡ gks pqdh Fkha] iapukek cu pqdk Fkk vkSj vc dq[;kr gks pqdh Mk;jh ds iUus cdk;nk eky[kkus esa tek gks pqds FksA bruk lc gksus ds ckn Hkh D;k Jh “kekZ bl ekeys dks vius rd nck ldrs Fks ;k vkxs c<+k ldrs Fks\ xkSjryc gS fd ns”k ds dbZ iqfyl egkfuns”kd o lh-ch-vkbZ- ds dqN iwoZ&funs”kd rd O;fDrxr ppkZ esa ;s ekurs jgs gSa fd tfVyre vkijkfèkd ekeyksa dh tk¡p djus es]a vks-ih- “kekZ dh VDdj dk iqfyl vfèkdkjh lh-ch-vkbZ- esa vkt rd ugha vk;kA 124

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

& vks-ih- “kekZ ij vkjksi gS fd mUgksua s lqjnas z tSu ls iSls mlds f[kykQ tk¡p dh dkjZokbZ jksd nsus ds fy, fy;sA vxj ;g lp gS] rks 16 twu 1991 ds ckn rks bl dsl dh tk¡p rsth ls gksuh pkfg, Fkh] tcfd gqvk blds myVkA lh-ch-vkbZ- ds vkyk vQljksa us lkjk dsl cM+h cs”kehZ ls fNik dj BaMs cLrs esa Mky fn;kA fdlh dks dkuksd a ku [kcj rd ugha gqbZA mèkj ekeys dks ^nQukus* dh dk;Zokgh ls larq’V ,l-ds- tSu Hkh fuf”par gks pys Fks fd ;g ekeyk tqykbZ 1993 esa dkypØ ds gkFk yx x;kA mlds ckn tks gqvk og bfrgkl gSA dbZ o’kZ ckn cM+h eqf”dy ls jks&jksdj lh-ch-vkbZ- us bl dkaM esa 1995 esa rc tk¡p “kq: djus dk ukVd fd;k tc geus mls lqihz e dksVZ esa ?klhV fy;kA & ;gk¡ xkSjryc gS fd igyk Nkik lh-ch-vkbZ- us 3 ebZ 1991 dks ekjk Fkk vkSj vc dq[;kr gks pqdh tSu Mk;jh mlh fnu cjken gqbZ FkhA bl rjg lh-ch-vkbZ- Lohdkj dj pqdh gS fd og 4 lky ls T;knk le; rd pqi cSBh jghA & ,d vkSj egÙoiw.kZ ckr ;g gS fd lh-ch-vkbZ- us 16 tuojh 1994 dks loksZPp U;k;ky; esa nkf[ky vius “kiFk i= esa dgk gS fd tSu caèkqvksa ds ;gk¡ cjken lkexzh esa 50 vutkuh fons”kh eqnzk,sa FkhaA ;g dSlk etkd gS\ Li’V gS fd yxHkx pkj lky esa Hkh lh-ch-vkbZ- ds ^rhjankt vkyk vQlj* bu fons”kh eqnzkvksa dh igpku Hkh ugha djok ldsA D;k ;s eqnzk,sa lkS;Z eaMy ds ckgj ds xzgksa dh Fkha] tks mUgsa vkt rd ugha igpkuk tk ldk\ lh-ch-vkbZ- ds MhvkbZ-th- vkeksn daB ds usr`Ro esa “kiFk i= nkf[ky dj lh-ch-vkbZokyksa us loksPZ p U;k;ky; rd ls bruk cM+k >wB cksyus dh tqjrZ dh gSA vk”p;Z dh ckr gS fd vnkyr dh ,slh voekuuk djus okys lhch-vkbZ- ds bu vkyk vQljksa dks vkt rd idM+k D;ksa ugha x;k\ mUgsa ltk D;ksa ugha nh xbZ\ dksbZ jktuhfrd ny bldh ek¡x D;ksa ugha djrk\ lh-ch-vkbZ- dh “keZukd Hkwfedk %

125

& lh-ch-vkbZ- ds funs”kdksa vkSj gokyk dsl dh tk¡p ls tqMs+ ofj’B iqfyl vfèkdkfj;ksa us ,d ls cM+s ,d xqy f[kyk, gSAa 30 uoEcj 1994 dks loksZPp U;k;ky; esa gokyk dsl dh lquokbZ ds nkSjku lh-ch-vkbZ- dks ;g rd ekywe ugha Fkk fd ,l-ds- tSu ds HkkbZ ,u-ds- tSu vkSj ch-vkj- tSu ds ikl ikliksVZ gSa Hkh ;k ughaA blh ls irk pyrk gS fd tk¡p ds uke ij dSlk ukVd gks jgk Fkk] tc Nkis esa vkradokn vkSj fons”kh eqnzk ls tqMs+ izek.k idM+s tkrs gSa rks lcls igys ikliksVZ tCr fd;k tkrk gS] rkfd vijkèkh ns”k NksMd + j Hkkx u ldsA tc geus bl ckr ij vnkyr esa “kksj epk;k rc tkdj 1 fnlEcj 1994 dks lh-ch-vkbZ- us ,u-ds- tSu dk ikliksVZ tCr djus dh ckr ekuhA lh-ch-vkbZ- bl ekeys dh tk¡p fdruh ykijokgh ls dj jgh Fkh] bldk ,d vkSj izek.k cgqr jkspd gSA lh-ch-vkbZ- us loksZPp vnkyr esa “kiFk i= nk;j dj dgk fd lqjUs nz tSu ebZ 1991 ls Qjkj Fkk] mls nqfu;k Hkj esa [kkstk x;k vkSj cM+h eqf”dy ls vkoztu vfèkdkfj;ksa dh enn ls ekpZ 1995 esa fxj¶rkj fd;k tk ldkA tcfd gdhdr ;g gS fd bu o’kks± esa tSu caèkq [kqyv s ke fnYyh dh lÙkk ds xfy;kjksa esa ?kwers jgs FksA mudh djksMk+ as #i, dh tk;nkn fnYyh esa ekStnw gSA ftls dqdZ djds lh-ch-vkbZ- mu ij ?ksjk Mky ldrh Fkh] tks mlus ugha fd;kA etsnkj ckr ;g gS fd lh-ch-vkbZds gh eqrkfcd lqjUs nz tSu [kqn vks-ih- “kekZ okys dsl esa xokg gS vkSj xokgh nsus lh-ch-vkbZ- eq[;ky; vkrk jgk FkkA bu o’kks± esa lqjnas z tSu vius QkeZ gkml ij ges”kk dh rjg vkyh”kku nkorsa nsrk jgkA muesa vusd gokyk vkjksih jktusrk f”kjdr djrs jgsA bu nkorksa dh [kcjsa v[kckjksa esa Nirh jgh Fkha] fQj dSls lh-ch-vkbZ- us loksZPp vnkyr esa >wB c;kuh dk “kiFk i= nkf[ky fd;k\ D;ksa mlds funs”kd vkSj vkyk vQlj dks vnkyr dh bl voekuuk dh vkt rd ltk ugha nh xbZ\ 126

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

bl rjg gj dne ij lh-ch-vkbZ- us tk¡p ds uke ij ukVd fd, vkSj loksZPp vnkyr rd dks xqejkg djus esa ladksp ugha fd;kA bu gkykrksa esa dkypØ dh NksVh&lh Vhe dks yxkrkj lrdZ jg dj lh-ch-vkbZ- ds dke ij dM+h fuxjkuh j[kuh iM+hA tk¡p dh dksrkgh ds ckjs esa tks dqN tkudkjh gesa feyrh ge mls vius odhy Jh nhoku ds ekQZr loksZPp U;k;ky; esa izLrqr djrs jgsA mlh ds vkèkkj ij U;k;ewfrZx.k tk¡p ,tsfa l;ksa dks funsZ”k nsrs jgsA 1995 ls gh lh-ch-vkbZ- dh dksrkgh dh [kcjsas v[kckjksa esa Nirh jghaA & tc gekjs ncko ds ckn lh-ch-vkbZ-okys ,u-ds- tSu dks baXySM ls fxj¶rkj dj yk,] rks ,u-ds- tSu chekjh dk cgkuk cukdj lQnjtax vLirky esa HkrhZ gks x,A geus Qksu dj dbZ fe= laoknnkrkvksa dks bldh lwpuk nh vkSj muls dgk fd os vLirky ds MkDVjksa ls iwNas fd ,slh D;k chekjh gS ftldk bykt frgkM+ tsy esa ugha gks ldrk\ etcwju ,u-ds- tSu dks frgkM+ tkuk iM+kA 1995 esa gh dqN fo’ks”k laoknnkrk bl ekeys esa ubZ&ubZ [kkstas djus yxsA dqN v[kckjksa esa lh-ch-vkbZ-] Qsjk o vk;dj foHkkx dh ukQjekfu;ksa dh vPNh fjiksV±s Nius yxhaA & bl lcds ckotwn lh-ch-vkbZ-okys viuh dkfjLrkfu;ksas ls ckt ugha vk,A mUgksua s ,sls dbZ dke fd, ftlls gokyk dkaM ds vkjksfi;ksa dks fudy Hkkxus dk ekSdk feyrk jgkA elyu lh-chvkbZ- us tSu caèkqvksa ds fo#) Hkz’Vkpkj ds ekeys esa tks pktZ”khV nkf[ky dh mlds “kh’kZd esa cM+h èkwrZrk ls ^ihvkslh* ds lkFk ^Qsjk* Hkh fy[k fn;kA tcfd lh-ch-vkbZ- dks Qsjk ds ekeys esa pktZ”khV nkf[ky djus dk dksbZ gd ugha gSA ;g pktZ”khV Qsjk okyksa dks gh nkf[ky djuh gksrh gSA bl rjg Qsjk fy[k nsus ls tSu caèkqvksa dks cgqr Qk;nk gqvkA tc mUgsa tekur feyh rks mUgksua s ;g nyhy nh fd mUgsa Qsjk ekeys esa Hkh tekur fey xbZ gSA & bruk gh dkQh u Fkk fd bruh eqf”dy ls pkj lky ckn idM+s x, vfHk;qä tSu caèkqvksa dh tekur dk lh-ch-vkbZ- us fojksèk lh-ch-vkbZ- dh “keZukd Hkwfedk %

127

rd ugha fd;kA ;gk¡ rd fd bl dke ds fy, fdlh ofj’B odhy rd dks ugha fy;k rkfd lHkh vfHk;qDr tekur ysdj ekSt djsAa & blhfy, lh-ch-vkbZ- ds vkeksn daB vkSj mudh Vhe dh tk¡p izfØ;k ij fVIi.kh djrs gq, lqizhe dksVZ ds ekuuh; ttksa us uoEcj 1994 esa fuEufyf[kr fVIif.k;k¡ dha % & ^;g ,d vlkèkkj.k ekeyk gS vkSj ,slk jkst&jkst ugha gksrkA ge dkQh ijs”kku gSa vkSj bl ekeys dks ;ksa gh ugha NksM+ ldrsA bldk rdZlx a r fu’d’kZ fudkyuk gh gksxkA ge ifj.kke pkgrs gSa vkSj ge ;g ;dhu djus ds fy, rS;kj ugha gSa fd vki ¼lh-ch-vkbZ-½ dqN dj ugha ldrsA ge vc Hkh ekurs gSa fd vki dkQh dqN dj ldrs gSAa * & ^bl ekeys esa ,tsl a h ¼lh-ch-vkbZ-½ us ftl <ax ls dke fd;k gS] og bldh xaHkhjrk ds vuq:i ugha gSA vxj fdlh ds fnekx esa “kadk gS rks og ;g tku ys fd eSa Lo;a eglwl djrk gw¡ fd bl ekeys esa vkSj cgqr dqN fd;k tkuk pkfg, FkkA* & ^gesa yxrk gS fd bl ekeys esa dkQh nsj gqbZ gS vkSj bls fdlh Hkh rjg tk;t ugha Bgjk;k tk ldrk gSA* & lqçhe dksVZ dh ukjktxh >syus ds ckn Hkh Jh daB us rhu eghus rd bl ekeys esa dksbZ dsl jftLVj ugha fd;k vkSj dksbZ fxj¶rkjh ugha dhA cfYd ,Q-vkbZ-vkj- ntZ djus esa Hkh lh-ch-vkbZds Hkhrj gh dkQh çfrjksèk fd;kA & gokyk ekeys esa lh-ch-vkbZ- us viuk o’kks± iqjkuk gFkdaMk viuk;k FkkA blds rgr 15 tuojh 1995 dks tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj& vkradokn&gokyk dkaM esa lkekU; ,Q-vkbZ-vkj- ntZ djus dh ctk; flQZ izkFkfed tk¡p ¼ih-bZ-½ gh ntZ dhA vkjksfi;ksa dks yxHkx nks ekg dk le; nsus ds ckn “kh’kZ vnkyr dk Hkkjh ncko iM+us ij vkf[kjdkj 4 ekpZ *95 dks flQZ ,d ,Q-vkbZ-vkj- ntZ dh xbZA gkykafd dkuwuu lh-ch-vkbZ- dks tSu caèkqvksa ds fo#) ntZuksa ,QvkbZ-vkj- ntZ djkuh pkfg, Fkh] D;ksfa d tSu caèkqvksa o jktusrkvksa ds 128

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

chp gqvk izR;sd ysu&nsu ,d Li’V vyx vijkèk FkkA g’kZn esgrk dkaM esa blh rjg gj ysunsu ij vyx&vyx ,Q-vkbZ-vkj- ntZ dh xbZ FkhA lh-ch-vkbZ- us ,slk bjknru cnuh;rh ls fd;k] rkfd tSu caèkqvksa dks flQZ ,d ckj fxj¶rkj fd;k tk,A & mudh cnuh;rh bl rF; ls Hkh lkfcr gks tkrh gS fd fxj¶rkjh ds ckn 60 fnu dh fuèkkZfjr vofèk esa lh-ch-vkbZ- ,d Hkh pktZ’khV nkf[ky djus esa ukdke jghA mldh bl ykijokgh ls vkjksfi;ksa dks tekur fey xbZA vxj lh-ch-vkbZ- us vyx&vyx ysu&nsu ds fy, i`Fkd izkFkfedh ntZ djok;h gksrh] rks os 60 fnu dh fuèkkZfjr vofèk es]a ,d&nks ekeys esa rks pktZ”khV vklkuh ls nkf[ky dj ldrh Fkh] D;ksfa d izR;sd ,Q-vkbZ-vkj- ds fy, flQZ ,d ;k nks ysu&nsu dh tk¡p dh tkuh FkhA ij mlus ,slk ugha fd;kA ;fn ,slk djrh rks tSu caèkq vkt Hkh tsy esa gksrs vkSj og lc u dj ikrs tks mUgksua s tsy ls ckgj vk dj bl dkaM dks ncokus ds fy, fd;kA & mèkj lh-ch-vkbZ- us Hkh “kkgcqíhu xksjh vkSj v”kQkd gqlus yksu ls rks r¶rh’k dh] ij ewypan “kkg ls iwNrkN djus dk dksbZ iz;kl ugha fd;k] tcfd ewypan “kkg eqca bZ foLQksV dkaM ds flyflys esa U;kf;d fgjklr esa gh Fkk] Qjkj ugha FkkA & fons”kh eqnzk fofue; dkuwu ¼Qsjk½ ds rgr dkjZokbZ ds flyflys esa izorZu funs”kky; dks lwpuk u nsdj tSu caèkqvksa dks ,d vkSj rjg ls miÑr fd;k x;k A ckn esa loksZPp U;k;ky; ds ncko esa ;g lwpuk lEcafèkr foHkkx dks nh xbZA brus le; ckn funs”kky; dksQis kslk ds rgr dkjZokbZ ugha dj ldrk Fkk] D;ksfa d a dkuwu gS fd fons”kh eqnzk idM+s tkus ds Ng eghus ds Hkhrj dk;Zokgh “kq: gks tkuh pkfg,A tcfd lh-ch-vkbZ- us ;g lwpuk 3 o’kZ rd vkijkfèkd :i ls nckdj j[kh FkhA & blds vykok lh-ch-vkbZ- ds la;qä funs”kdksa esa ,d dks xqipqi <ax ls nqcbZ esa vehj HkkbZ ls feyus ds fy, izfrfu;qä dj lh-ch-vkbZ- dh “keZukd Hkwfedk %

129

fn;k x;kA blls vehj HkkbZ dks ;g dgus dk ekSdk feyk fd mlls iwNrkN gks pqdh gSA ;g vkjksfi;ksa dks Qsjk dkuwu ds mYya?ku ds ekeys esa cpkus ds fy, dh xbZ dkjZokbZ FkhA & bl rjg dh tkylkft;ks]a fuanuh; pqIih vkSj tkucw>dj fd, x;s foyEc ls] tSu Mk;fj;ksa ds eqrkfcd iSlk ikus okyksa dks dbZ rjg dh lgwfy;rsa fey xb±A ,u-Vh-ih-lh- ds vQlj vkSj nwljs ukSdj”kkg vius inksa ij cus jgsA Li’Vr% blls mUgsa vius xyr dkeksa dks tkjh j[kus esa enn feyhA mèkj mudh rjDdh Hkh gksrh xbZA blh rjg] jktuhfrK Hkh ea=h in vkSj nwljs ljdkjh inksa dh “kksHkk c<+krs jgsA mijksä ykijokfg;ksa vkSj xyr dkeksa ds nks’kh gksus ds ckotwn lh-ch-vkbZ- ds rRdkyhu funs”kd fot; jkejko dks lsok foLrkj nsdj miÑr fd;k x;kA iwoZ dSfcusV ea=h vkfjQ eksgEen [kka us mu ij vdwr laifÙk j[kus dk vkjksi yxk;k] rks bls ^fujkèkkj* dgdj [kkfjt dj fn;k x;kA og Hkh rc] tc Jh [kka us fot; jkekjko vkSj muds ifjokj ds lnL;ksa dh djksMk+ as dh laifÙk dk iwjk C;kSjk fn;k FkkA ,sls Li’V vkjksiksa dks fcuk fdlh tk¡p ds ^fujkèkkj* dSls dgk tk ldrk gS \ & bl rjg ;g lkQ gS fd vnkyr ds l[r :i viukus ij gh lh-ch-vkbZ- vkSj nwljh tk¡p ,tsfa l;k¡ bl dsl esa dqN djus ds fy, etcwj gqbAaZ fQj Hkh bu yksxksa us cseu ls fn[kkoVh dk;Zokgh gh dh] ijUrq tk¡p ughaA ij tks dqN gks jgk Fkk mldh Hkh [kqydj iwjh [kcjs]a dqN dks NksMd + j] ckdh v[kckjksa esa ugha Ni jgh FkhaA bl dsl ds ckjs esa ehfM;k vkSj nwljs tkx:d yksxksa dks iwjh tkudkjh nsus ds mís”; ls dkypØ dks etcwjh esa ,d vaxzt s h ikf{kd v[kckj dkypØ “kq: djuk iM+kA ftls geus U;k;ikfydk] ckj] ehfM;k o ljdkj ds egÙoiw.kZ yksxkas rd HkstkA bl v[kckj dk lgh vlj gqvkA Hkkjr ds lkWfyflVj tujy nhikadj xqIrk us vnkyr ls f”kdk;r dh fd ^;kfpdkdrkZ vius v[kckj esa cgqr dqN ,slk fy[k jgk gS ftlls tk¡p djus okyh ,tsafl;ksa dk 130

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

mRlkg Hkax gksrk gSA* bl ij ekuuh; tt ,l-ih- Hk:pk us dgk] ^lkWfyflVj lkgc] ;kfpdkdrkZ tks fy[k jgk gS] mlls ijs”kku er gksb,A vius eqofôyksa ls dfg, fd dqN djds fn[kk,a s A * & loksZPp U;k;ky; ds brus dM+s #[k ds ckotwn lh-chvkbZ- o reke nwljh tk¡p ,tsfa l;k¡ tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM ds vkjksfi;ksa dks cpkus esa yxh jghaA geus mudh ukQjekfu;ksa dh vkSj Hkh lwpuk,as bdëh dha vkSj 8 vizSy 1995 dks eSua s ,d “kiFk i= ¼,fQMsfoV½ nkf[ky fd;kA blesa og lkjh tkudkfj;k¡ o izek.k ntZ Fks] ftu ij vnkyr mlh oDr bu tk¡p ,tsfa l;ksa dks] bl dsl dh tk¡p esa dksrkgh djus ds vkjksi esa dB?kjs esa [kM+k dj ldrh FkhA vk”p;Z dh ckr ;g gS fd bl egÙoiw.kZ “kiFk i= dk tokc nsus dh fgEer lh-ch-vkbZ- var rd ugha dj ikbZ] D;ksfa d blesa eSua s os reke loky mBk, ftuls lh-ch-vkbZ- o nwljh tk¡p ,tsfa l;ksa dh lkft”ksa mtkxj gksrh gSAa & dqy feykdj] bl ekeys esa lh-ch-vkbZ- ds vQljksa us yxHkx 100 yksxksa ij rhu o’kZ rd dksbZ dkjZokbZ ugha gksus nhA ;s vQlj igyh utj esa vijkfèk;ksa ls lkaB&xkaB ds nks’kh gSAa ij vkt ;s yksx vius vkijkfèkd vkpj.k dk ykHk mBk jgs gSAa Hkkjrh; naM izfØ;k lafgrk dh èkkjk 218 , ftls Hkz’Vkpkj fuokj.k dkuwu dh èkkjk 13 ¼1½ ¼Mh½ ds lkFk i<+k tkrk gS] ds rgr bl vijkèk ds nks’kh vQljksa ds f[kykQ dkjZokbZ dh tkuh pkfg,A ij lp ;g gS fd jktusrkvksa dks cpkus ds buke ds Lo:i buesa ls T;knkrj vQljksa dks rjDdh ns nh x;hA buesa ls dqN dh izfrfu;qfä vofèk c<+k nh x;h& Li’Vr% fcuk ckjh ¼ofj’Brk lwph½ dsA tk¡p ds flyflys esa dqN yksx dbZ ckj fons”k x, vkSj dksbZ egÙoiw.kZ lcwr gkfly fd, cxSj ykSV vk,A dqN yksxkssa dks izf”k{k.k vkfn ds cgkus fons”k Hkstk x;k] tcfd dqN yksxksa dks bl ^fof”k’V lsok* ds fy, ind vkfn nsdj lEekfur fd;k x;kA elyu tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk lh-ch-vkbZ- dh “keZukd Hkwfedk %

131

dkaM ds tk¡p ds vfèkdkjh jgs ,e-ih- flag us dbZ o’kks± rd dqN ugha fd;k FkkA blds fy, mUgsa ^vLFkk;h* rkSj ij rjDdh nh xbZ FkhA blds fy, Mhihlh Hkh ugha gqbZA blh rjg ,l-ih- jkftanj izlkn flag Hkh bl ekeys dh ^tk¡p* dj jgs FksA mUgsa Hkh fu;fer rjDdh ls cgqr igys ^vLFkk;h* vkèkkj ij rjDdh ns nh xbZ FkhA ,d vU; ,l-ih] ,l-ih- flag dks vkLVªfs y;k esa yxHkx ,d o’kZ ds izf”k{k.k ij Hkstdj iqjLÑr fd;k x;kA & Mh-vkbZ-th- vkuan dqekj dk ekeyk cgqr fnypLi gSA mUgksua s u flQZ tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM dks nQukus dh yach dk;Zokgh dh ns[kjs[k dh] cfYd lqf[kZ;ksa esa vk, yD[kw HkkbZ dkaM esa iwoZ izèkkuea=h ih-oh- ujflag jko ds fe= panzkLokeh dh Hkh enn dhA Hkkjr ds vke yksxksa dh dher ij vius jktuhfrd vkdkvksa dh lsok dk mi;qä iqjLdkj mUgsa feyuk gh FkkA os viuh fu;fer rjDdh ls cgqr igys vkbZ-th- ¼la;qä funs”kd½ ds :i esa izkUs ur dj fn, x,A tk¡p ds flyflys esa vkSj vU; dkeksa ls os dbZ ckj fons”k Hkh x,A ;g Hkh fnypLi gS fd ^mRÑ’V lsokvks*a ds fy, jk’Vªifr us Hkh mUgsa iqfyl ind fn;k FkkA ;g Hkh jkspd Fkk fd vkuan dqekj 1990 ls yD[kwHkkbZ ikBd dkaM ds bapktZ FksA bl nkSjku tk¡p ds flyflys esa os fons”k x;s vkSj yxHkx vkèkh if”peh nqfu;k dk nkSjk fd;kA fQj Hkh dksbZ [kkl lcwr gkfly ugha gqvkA vkjksfi;ksa dks Ng o’kks± rd vkijkfèkd eqdnes ls cpkuk buds fof”k’V ;ksxnkuksa esa ,d gSA bl izfØ;k esa tc os la;qä funs”kd ds :i esa izkUs ur gq,] rks mudh izfrfu;qfä dh vofèk [kqn&c&[kqn 4 o’kZ c<+ xbZA oSls lcls vkKkdkjh lsodksa dh lwph esa lh-ch-vkbZ- ds rRdkyhu funs”kd Jh fot; jkekjko dk uke lcls Åij gSA tSu caèkqvksa ds lkFk&lkFk muls iSlk ikus okyksa dks cpkdj j[kus esa budh Hkwfedk lcls egÙoiw.kZ jgh gSA ckn esa ;gh dke tksxUs nz flag us Hkh fd;k] tks vkt dy iqfyl dks uSfrdrk dk mins”k nsrs gSAa ykyw ;kno ds ekeys esa rks mUgksua s ,d fdrkc fy[k Mkyh] ij 132

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM esa mu ij fdlus ncko Mkyk] bl ij vkt rd mudk dksbZ c;ku ugha vk;k] D;ks\a & lh-ch-vkbZ- esa ;g izFkk gS fd gj egÙoiw.kZ dsl dh fu;fer izxfr fjiksVZ gj eghus ml dsl ds bUosfs LVxsfVax vkWfQlj ls lh-ch-vkbZ- Mk;jsDVj ds ikl tkrh gS vkSj os ml ij viuh fVIi.kh ntZ djrs gSAa bl rjg gokyk dsl dh Qkby ebZ 1991 ls yxkrkj lh-ch-vkbZ- ds gj funs”kd ds ikl tkrh jgh gSA blfy, fot; dj.k ls ysdj vkt rd lh-ch-vkbZ- ds tks Hkh funs”kd jgs gSa os lc bl [krjukd dkaM dh tk¡p esa dh tk jgh dksrkgh ds fy, O;fDrxr :i ls iwjh rjg ftEesnkj gSAa mu ij vkijkfèkd lkft”k ds eqdnes dk;e fd, tkus pkfg,A uoEcj 1994 esa tc loksZPp U;k;ky; dh csp a us lh-ch-vkbZ- ds rRdkyhu funs”kd fot; jkekjko dks gokyk ekeys esa tk¡p dh fuxjkuh ds fy, O;fDrxr :i ls ftEesnkj fu;qDr fd;k Fkk] rks ;g ckr gesa cgqr vViVh yxh FkhA tks O;fDr lh-ch-vkbZ- ds vèkhu gks jgh bl tk¡p dk igys gh O;fDrxr :i ls bapktZ gks og U;k;ky; ds bl u, vkns”k ds ckn vkSj D;k dj ldrk Fkk& flok; ml lc ds tks og djrk vk;k FkkA tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM esa mUgsa tk¡p ugha djuh Fkh] lks ugha dh& lkjs ns”k vkSj ehfM;k dks Bsx a k fn[kkrs gq,A & ;g cgqr fpark dh ckr gS fd lh-ch-vkbZ- tSu caèkqvksa dh Mk;fj;ksa esa ntZ 24 ukeksa dk vkt rd irk ugha yxk ikbZ gSA irk ugha vkSj fdrus uke fudyrsA buesa dkSu vQlj] usrk] vkradoknh ;k rLdj gaS] dkSu tkus\ tc rd ,d uke Hkh vutkuk NwV tkrk gS] rc rd tk¡p dk dksbZ vFkZ ughaA jk’Vª dh lqj{kk [krjs esa gS] ij lh-ch-vkbZ- [kkeks”k cSBh gSA flrEcj 1998 es]a eSa rRdkyhu lh-chvkbZ- funs”kd f+=ukFk feJ ls feykA muls yEch ckr gqbZA mUgksua s Lohdkj fd;k fd lh-ch-vkbZ- us gokyk dsl esa dksbZ tk¡p ugha dhA mUgksua s ;g Hkh dgk fd bl dsl esa vkt Hkh brus lcwr ekStnw gSa lh-ch-vkbZ- dh “keZukd Hkwfedk %

133

134

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

fd ntZuksa jktusrkvksa vkSj vQljksa dks idM+k tk ldrk gSA ij gekjs vQljksa dk eukscy VwV x;k gSA ftuds f[kykQ tk¡p djrs gSa ogh gekjs ea=h cu tkrs gSa rks ge dSls dqN djs\a

dsUnzh; lrdZrk vk;ksx Hkh lh-ch-vkbZ- ls tk¡p ugha djok ldk& gokyk fu.kZ; ds ckn lh-ch-vkbZ- dks dsUnzh; lrdZrk vk;ksx dh fuxjkuh esa lkSia fn;k x;kA ;g lkspdj 24 flrEcj] 1998 dks eSa uo&fu;qDr eq[; lrdZrk vk;qDr ,u- foV~By ls feyus x;kA blls igys eSua s 18 flrEcj 1998 dks mUgsa ,d i= fy[kdj muds QtZ dh ;kn fnykbZ FkhA blesa eSua s psrkouhiw.kZ Hkk’kk esa fy[kk Fkk fd tSu caèkqvksa dh [kkrk iqLrdksa esa ntZ 24 ukeksa dk vkt rd [kqyklk u gks ikuk ns”k dh lqj{kk ds fy, csgn [krjs dh ckr gSA pwfa d bl lwph esa dbZ ,sls cM+s vkbZ-,-,l- vfèkdkfj;ksa ds uke gSa tks vkt cM+s inksa ij cSBs gS]a blfy, lh-ch-vkbZ- us bl ij gkFk ugha MkykA i= esa eSua s vkxs fy[kk fd dkypØ dh tq>k: Vhe dks blesa dksbZ langs ugha gS fd vki vius dk;Zdky esa bu 24 yksxksa dks idM+ok;s fcuk lsok fuo`Ùk gks tk,sx a As Jh foV~By cM+s vknj ls feysA mUgksua s feyrs gh dgk fd vkt eSa bl dqlhZ ij vkids gokyk dsl dh otg ls cSBk gw¡A gokyk dsl esa mudk QtZ ;kn fnykus ij mUgksua s dgk fd eSa bl dsl dh dkuwuh tkudkjh gkfly djus ds ckn bldh tk¡p Bhd ls djokÅ¡xkA eSua s izLrko fn;k fd bl ekeys esa vkidks lcls T+;knk lgh tkudkjh gels gh feysxhA ge vkidk lg;ksx djus dks rRij gSAa ij mudh rjQ ls dksbZ cqykok ugha vk;kA

lh-ch-vkbZ- dh “keZukd Hkwfedk %

135

lh-ch-vkbZ- ds tk¡p vf/kdkjh us Hkh ekuk fd lcwr nck, x,& 10 Qjojh] 2000 dks th Vhoh ij ^izkbe Vkbe* dk;ZØe esa gokyk dkaM dh tk¡p ls tqMs+ jgs lhchvkbZ ds iwoZ la;qDr funs”kd o ml le; gfj;k.kk iqfyl ds egkfuns”kd jgs ch-vkj- yky us tksj nsdj ;g ckr dgh fd gokyk dkaM esa reke cM+s jktusrkvksa ds fo:) lcwr ekStnw Fks] ij lhchvkbZ funs”kd ds vkns”k o Åij ls iM+ jgs ncko ds pyrs mUgsa vnkyr ds lkeus is”k ugha djus fn;k x;kA ;g ckr mUgksua s blh “kks esa ekStnw lhchvkbZ ds rRdkyhu funs”kd tksfxanj flag dh mifLFkfr esa dghA vk”p;Z dh ckr gS fd ns”k ds ehfM;k us bruh egRoiw.kZ [kcj dks dksbZ rjthg ugha nhA t+h Vhoh ds gj ?kaVs izlkfjr gksus okys lekpkjksa esa nks&rhu ckj izlkfjr gksrs gh ;g egRoiw.kZ [kcj gVk nh xbZA tcfd veweu ,slh [kcjksa dks pSuy 24 ?kaVs rd ckj&ckj izlkfjr djrs gSAa tSlk rgydk dkaM esa fd;k x;kA tkfgj gS fd Åij ls ncko iM+k gksxkA lhchvkbZ funs”kd dk drZO; Fkk fd bl izlkj.k ds ckn chvkj- yky dks ryc djrs vkSj muls “kiFk i= ysdj gokyk dsl dks nksckjk [kksyrsA ij tc gokyk vkjksih gh lÙkk esa cSBas gksa rks muds ekrgr dke djus okyk lhchvkbZ dk funs”kd ,slh tqjrZ dSls dj ldrk gS\

136

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

15 Qsjk o vk;dj foHkkx ds dkjukess Qsjk vkSj vk;dj okyksa ls ns”k ds vke yksx cgqr Mjrs gSAa ij tc muds jktuhfrd vkdkvksa ds ekeys lkeus vkrs gS]a rks ;s dqN ugha dj ikrsA

Qsjk dh <hy izorZu funs”kky; vkt rd gokyk dkjksckjh “kEHkw n;ky “kekZ dk irk yxkus esa vlQy jgk gS tcfd mldh bl dsl esa vge Hkwfedk gSA mlus dsoy lh-ch-vkbZ- }kjk ntZ “kekZ ds c;kuksa dk gh lgkjk fy;k gS] [kqn mldk c;ku fjdkMZ ugha fd;kA tcfd ,sls c;ku dk dkuwuh egÙo iqfyl dks fn, x, c;ku ds eqdkcys dgha T;knk gksrk gSA vly esa rks bl c;ku dks gh iwjk lcwr ekuk tkrk gSA mèkj lh-ch-vkbZ- dks fn, bl c;ku esa “kEHkw n;ky “kekZ us ewypan “kkg ds ckjs esa lkQ&lkQ crk;k FkkA blds ckotwn Hkh lhch-vkbZ- us ewypan “kkg ls iwNrkN ugha dh vkSj mls fjgk dj fn;kA & ,d vfuoklh Hkkjrh; rjlse yky vjksMk+ ds olar fogkj fLFkr vkoklh; ifjlj ij 3 ebZ 1991 dks lh-ch-vkbZ- }kjk blh “kEHkw n;ky “kekZ ds c;ku ds vkèkkj ij Nkik Mkyk x;k FkkA “kekZ us crk;k Fkk fd mlus rjlse yky “kekZ dks gokyk dk yxHkx 2 djksM+ #i;k igq¡pk;k FkkA ij blds ckotwn izorZu funs”kky; us vjksMk+ ds uke ^dkj.k crkvks* uksfVl tkjh u dj mlds ukSdj dey xkaèkh mQZ lwjt ds uke ^dkj.k crkvks* uksfVl tkjh fd;k] D;ksfa d dHkh&dHkh lwjt gh iSlk fy;k djrk FkkA bl ckr ls lkQ tkfgj gS fd izorZu funs”kky; us vjksMk+ naifr dks cpkus ds fy, ,slk fd;kA Qsjk o vk;dj foHkkx ds dkjukes %

137

138

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

& izorZu funs”kky; bl dkaM esa fyIr izdk”k ywfu;k] jksgrk”k “kekZ vkSj tkosn mQZ ckcwHkkbZ dk Hkh vkt rd irk yxkus esa Hkh foQy jgk gS] ftudk rkYyqd “kEHkw n;ky “kekZ dks gokyk dk iSlk igq¡pkus ds ekeys ls FkkA vk”p;Z gS fd bUgsa vc rd Qjkj vijkèkh ?kksf’kr djus ds fy, Hkh dksbZ dkjZokbZ ugha dh xbZ gSA muds vpkud ^xk;c* gks tkus ls ;g ekeyk vkSj Hkh isphnk gks x;k gSA & ,d vfHk;qDr v”kksd xqIrk ds ikl ls 32 yk[k vkSj 15 gtkj #i, tCr fd, x, Fks] ij mlds f[kykQ uksfVl dsoy 6 yk[k #i, ds fy, gh tkjh fd;k x;kA D;ks\a

tSu ls cjken iSlk tCr ugha fd;k x;k& ts-ds- tSu ds vkoklh; ifjlj ls 58 yk[k udn] 10-5 yk[k ewY; ds bafnjk fodkl i= vkSj <sj lkjh fons”kh eqnzk tCr gksus ds ckotwn tSu ds uke dksbZ uksfVl tkjh ugha fd;k x;kA funs”kky; ds vfèkdkfj;ksa us ,l-ds- tSu vkSj ts-ds- tSu dks o’kks± ckn fxj¶rkj rks fd;k] ij muds c;ku dk ,d “kCn Hkh ntZ ugha fd;kA ;g rks pkSd a k nsus okyk dke gSA ,slk vkt rd ugha gqvk fd funs”kky; us fdlh vfHk;qDr dks fxj¶rkj fd;k gks vkSj mldk c;ku rd ntZ ugha fd;k x;k gksA ,slk tSu caèkqvksa o jktusrkvksa dks Qsjk ds dslksa ls cpkus ds fy, fd;k x;kA tSu caèkqvksa dks tekur ^fnykbZ x;h*& gkyk¡fd ,l-ds- tSu] ,u-ds- tSu vkSj ts-ds- tSu 1995 esa yxHkx 60 fnu rd U;kf;d fgjklr esa jgs] fQj Hkh funs”kky; us muds f[kykQ dksbZ Hkh vkjksi i= nkf[ky ugha fd;kA bldk lhèkk Qk;nk tSu caèkqvksa dks gqvk vkSj os tekur ij NwV x,] D;ksfa d vxj fgjklr ds 60 fnu ds Hkhrj vkjksi i= nkf[ky ugha fd;k tkrk gS] rks vfHk;qDr tekur dk gdnkj gks tkrk gSA Qsjk o vk;dj foHkkx ds dkjukes %

139

mi;ZqDr lHkh rF;ksa ls ;g ckr lkQ tkfgj gS fd izorZu funs”kky; }kjk dh xbZ lkjh r¶rh”k ,d <dkslys ls T;knk dqN Hkh ugha FkhA vfHk;qDrksa esa ls ,d rjlse yky vjksMk+ yanu esa dkaxzsl ikVhZ dk izeq[k inkfèkdkjh gS vkSj mlds fnYyh vkSj mlds vklikl ds {ks=ksa esa vkS|ksfxd izfr’Bku Hkh gSAa ijarq nwljs vfHk;qDr ewypan “kkg ij rks nkÅn bczkfge ds vykok ikfdLrku dh [kqfQ;k ,tsl a h vkbZ-,l-vkbZ- ls lEcaèk gksus ds vkjksi gS]a ftldh tkudkjh eqca bZ foLQksV dkaM ls feyh gSA fQj izorZu funs”kky; us ,slh dksrkgh D;ksa dh \

vk;dj foHkkx dh dksrkgh& vk;dj foHkkx ds deZpkjh Hkh dksrkgh cjrus ds ekeys esa ihNs ugha jgsA vk;dj foHkkx us tSu Mk;jh esa ntZ yksxksa ds f[kykQ ftl rjg ls dkjZokgh dk ukVd fd;k gS] mlls tk¡p dh dybZ [kqy tkrh gSA tSu gokyk dkaM ds ekeys esa dqN Bksl lcwr gkfly djus ds mís”; ls mPpre U;k;ky; us Hkh vk;dj foHkkx ds tk¡p izdks’B dks Lora= tk¡p djus ds vko”;d funsZ”k fn, FksA bl lEcaèk esa è;ku nsus ;ksX; rF; ;g gS fd ;s ,tsfa l;k¡ ¼tSls lh-ch-vkbZ- vkSj vk;dj foHkkx½ laln }kjk ikfjr dkuwu ds rgr dke djrh gSa vkSj bUgsa fdlh Hkh ea=h ;k ea=ky; ls funsZ”k ysus dh vko”;drk ugha gksrhA blds vykok tk¡p vfèkdkjh }kjk bUde VSDl ,DV dh èkkjk 131 ds varxZr ntZ c;ku ds vkèkkj ij u dsoy fdlh Hkh t:jh le>s tkus okys O;fDr dks iwNrkN ds fy, cqyk;k tk ldrk gS] cfYd fdlh Hkh rjg ds dkxtkr dh ek¡x ds fy, lEeu Hkstk tk ldrk gSA blds vykok okafNr O;fDr ds LFkku ij mlds odhy ;k fdlh vkSj O;fDr ls iwNrkN ugha dh tk ldrhA tk¡p vfèkdkjh mi;qDr le>s rks vk;dj vfèkfu;e dh èkkjk 276 lh vkSj 276 lhlh ds varxZr voekuuk vkSj vlg;ksx cjrus ds vkjksi esa ml O;fDr ij 10 gtkj #i, rd dk naM Hkh yxk ldrs gSAa ;s 140

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

nqHkkZX;iw.kZ gh gS fd brus lkjs izkoèkku gksus ds ckn Hkh vk;dj foHkkx us vc rd bl ekeys esa iSlk ysus okykas esa ls fdlh Hkh O;fDr ds f[kykQ lEeu tkjh ugha fd;k vkSj tk¡p&iM+rky ds uke ij dsoy [kkukiwfrZ dh gSA vk;dj foHkkx }kjk dh tk tkus okyh tk¡p&iM+rky dk dkQh egÙo gSA D;ksfa d vk;dj foHkkx }kjk tks Hkh lcwr vk;dj vfèkfu;e dh èkkjk 131 ds rgr ntZ fd, tkrs gSa mUgsa dksVZ ds lEeq[k ntZ lcwrksa dk ntkZ izkIr gSA tcfd iqfyl }kjk ntZ c;kuksa ds lkFk ,slk ugha gSA vk;dj foHkkx ds tk¡p vfèkdkjh tgk¡ ,d vksj mPpre U;k;ky; dks ;g fn[kkus dk ukVd dj jgs Fks fd os mlds lHkh funZs”kksa dk dM+kbZ ls ikyu dj jgs Fks] ogha nwljh rjQ os tk¡p&iM+rky dks ysdj xaHkhj ugha FksA ojuk ,slk D;ksa gksrk fd MhMhvkbZVh ¼ukFkZ½ Jh vxzoky ns”kHkj esa QSys 10 gtkj ls Hkh T;knk vk;dj vfèkdkfj;ksa dks ,d ldqZyj Hkstdj ;g tkuuk pkgrs fd muesa ls dkSu&lk vfèkdkjh tSu caèkqvkaas dh Mk;jh esa iSlk ysus okyksa ds ekeys esa dj fuèkkZj.k djus dk dke ns[k jgk gSA tkfgj gS fd bl lcds ihNs mudh ;gh ea”kk Fkh fd fdlh Hkh rjg tk¡p dh dk;Zokgh dks vuko”;d :i ls yack [khap dj mldks cseryc lk dj fn;k tk,A tcfd lc tkurs gSa fd ftu yksxksa dk uke tSu Mk;jh esa iSlk ysus ds ekeys esa ntZ gSa oks dksbZ ekewyh O;fDr ugha gSAa muds uke irs lcdks irk gSAa mUgsa ;ksa lkjs ns”k esa <a<w us dh t:jr ugha FkhA tk¡p&iM+rky ds fdlh Hkh ekeys esa tkucw>dj dksrkgh cjruk] ekeys dks nckus tSlk gS] cfYd mlls Hkh dgha T;knk cnrj gSA bl ekeys esa Hkh 70 ls T;knk yksxksa ds f[kykQ u rks lEeu tkjh fd, x, vkSj uk gh muds [kkrksa dks vk;dj vfèkfu;e ds rgr tCr fd;k x;kA tcfd blls Hkh dgha lkèkkj.k ekeys esa Qsjk o vk;dj foHkkx ds dkjukes %

141

tjk&lh “kadk gksus ij gh ,slk dj fn;k tkrk gSA ,slk D;ksa fd;k x;k\ D;k jktLo lfpo tokc ns ldrs gS\a bl lEcaèk esa ,d #fpdj rF; ;g Hkh gS fd vk;dj vfèkfu;e fdlh Hkh ,sls [kpsZ dks tk;t+ ugha ekurk] tks fd fdlh uktk;t+ dke ds fy, [kpZ fd;k tkrk gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, ;fn dksbZ O;fDr fdlh dke ds fy, fj”or nsrk gS] tks xSj&dkuwuh gS rks ,slk djus ds fy, tks Hkh O;; gksxk oks vekU; gksxk vkSj ml ij Hkh vk;dj yxsxkA blds vykok 1 yk[k #i, lkykuk ls Åij dh vkenuh dks Nqikuk Hkh ,d naMuh; vijkèk FkkA ftlesa rhu ls lkr lky rd dh ltk gks ldrh gS vkSj ns; bude VSDl dk 100 Qhlnh ls 300 Qhlnh rd Hkh crkSj naM olwy fd;k tk ldrk gSA ij tSu caèkqvksa ds ekeys esa vk;dj foHkkx ds vfèkdkfj;ksa us nwljk gh joS;k viuk;kA mUgsa yxkrkj cpk;k tkrk jgk rkfd usrkvksa dks Hkh cpk;k tk ldsA tcfd vk;dj vfèkfu;e] ljdkjh [ktkus dk cdk;k dj olwyus dk lcls l”kDr vfèkfu;e gSA vk;dj foHkkx dk ,d eq[; mís”; ;g jgrk gS fd og gj ysu&nsu dh iwjh rjg tk¡p djsA tSls fd vxj dksbZ O;fDr ;g nkok djrk fd mls bruk iSlk migkj Lo:i ¼fx¶V½ feyk gS rks la”kksfèkr vkfèkfu;e ds vuqlkj migkj Lohdkj djus okys dks] fn, x, iSls dk 30 Qhlnh crkSj fx¶V VSDl nsuk gksrk Fkk vkSj ;fn fx¶V Lohdkj djus okyk LosPNk ls vk;dj fjVuZ ugha nkf[ky djrk rks vk;dj vfèkfu;e ds vuqlkj ;g naMuh; FkkA ysfdu tSu Mk;jh esa ntZ yksxksa ds uke fdlh Hkh rjg dh dksbZ tk¡p ugha dh xbZA dsoy dqN gh yksxksa ls r¶rh”k dh xbZA iSlk ysus okys yksxksa ls izR;{k ;k vizR;{k lEcaèk j[kus okyksa dh u rks lEifÙk tCr dh xbZ vkSj u gh muds cSd a [kkrs lhy fd, x, vkSj u gh bu yksxksa ds f[kykQ èkkjk 276 lh vkSj 276 lhlh ds varxZr eqdnes nk;j fd, x,] tcfd bl lanHkZ esa dkQh rF; igys ls gh izdk”k esa vk pqds Fks] tkfgj gS fd tk¡p djuh gh ugha FkhA 142

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

tk¡p yach [khapus dh lkft”k& bl lEcaèk esa ,d vkSj dkuwuh igyw ;g gS fd vk;dj foHkkx ds mifuns”kd ls ofj’B vfèkdkjh rd] bl rjg ds ekeys esa dkjZokbZ ds rjhdksa ij dksbZ funsZ”k tkjh ugha dj ldrsA bl lEcaèk esa tk¡p vfèkdkjh dks gh brus vfèkdkj gksrs gSa fd og vk;dj vfèkfu;e dh lhekvksa ds varxZr ;g lqfuf”pr djs fd u dsoy ekeys dk “kh?kz fuiVkjk gks] cfYd jktLo lEcaèkh dk;Zokgh Hkh iwjh gksA ijarq bl rjg ds izkoèkku ds ckotwn ,sls cgqr&ls mnkgj.k gaS fd tc ;g ugha fd;k x;kA bl ckr ds i;kZIr lcwr ekStnw Fks fd xSjdkuwuh <ax ls ysu&nsu gqvk] fQj Hkh dksbZ dkjZokbZ vk;dj foHkkx dh vksj ls ugha dh xbZA blls lcls T;knk èkDdk vk;dj foHkkx dh lk[k dks gh igq¡pk gSA

Qsjk o vk;dj foHkkx ds dkjukes %

143

144

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

16 gkbZdksVZ us dSls fd;k vfHk;qDrksa dks cjh\ blls T;knk fojksèkkHkkl D;k gks ldrk gS fd tSu caèkq vius gyfQ;k c;ku esa gokyk dkaM ds vkjksih lHkh jktusrkvksa dks èku nsus dh ckr Lohdkj djsAa nsoh yky] “kjn ;kno vkSj jkts”k ik;yV tSls ntZu Hkj jktusrk lqjnas z tSu ls ;g jde ysus dh ckr Lohdkj djs]a tSu caèkqvksa ds ;gk¡ ls ns”k&fons”k dh reke voSèk eqnzk Nkis esa feys] vkradokn ls bl iwjs ra= dk rkj tqMk+ gks vkSj vnkyr dgs fd dksbZ xqugxkj gh ugha gS\ fdarq fnYyh mPp U;k;ky; ds U;k;kèkh”k U;k;ewfrZ Jh “kehe us gokyk vkjksfir bu jktusrkvksa dks 8 vizSy 1997 dks ^fMLpktZ* dj fn;kA ;g tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM ds la?k’kZ esa ,d dkyk fnol FkkA lkspus okyh ckr ;g gS fd tc lh-ch-vkbZ- gh 1991 ls vijkfèk;ksa dks cpkrh vk jgh Fkh] tc lHkh U;k;kèkh”k ekurs gSa fd lh-ch-vkbZ- us tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM esa dksbZ tk¡p ugha dh] rks tk¡p ds nkSj esa vkjksfir O;fDr;ksa dks ^fMLpktZ* djus dk D;k vkSfpR; gks ldrk Fkk\ U;k;ky; dks pkfg, Fkk fd og lh-ch-vkbZ- dks bZekunkjh ls lgh tk¡p djus dh fgnk;r nsrhA rkfd lh-ch-vkbZ- okys mu lcwrksa dks lkeus ykrs ftUgsa mUgksua s nck fn;k ;k tkucw>dj ugha [kkstk FkkA bl rjg pktZ”khV gq, usrk vkSj vQlj cp ugha ikrsA oSls Hkh ;g dksbZ ^Vªk;y* dh ^LVst* rks Fkh ugha tks vkjksfi;ksa dks fjgk fd;k tkrkA ^pktZ Ýse* djus dh ^LVst* ij ,sls vlkekU; fu.kZ; ls iwjs dsl dk Hkëk cSB x;kA ,d ds ckn ,d vkjksih fjgk gksrs x,A tgk¡ ,d rjQ gokyk vkjksfi;ksa ds chp csgn [kq”kh dh ygj nkSM+ xbZ ogha gesa yxk tSls ;q) {ks= esa vpkud gekjs gkSlyksa ij otzikr gks x;kA gkbZdksVZ us dSls fd;k vfHk;qDrksa dks cjh\ %

145

;g fu.kZ; vkrs gh eSua s c;ku fn;k fd eq>s dksbZ vpEHkk ugha gqvk] D;ksfa d eSa rks 1995 ls gh dgrk vk jgk gw¡ fd lh-ch-vkbZgokyk vkjksfi;ksa ds f[kykQ tk¡p ugha dj jgh] cfYd muds fudy Hkkxus dk jkLrk rS;kj dj jgh gSA esjk ;g c;ku 9 vizSy 1998 ds dbZ v[kckjksa esa NikA blds ckn bl dkaM esa fyIr lHkh nyksa ds usrkvksa us lk>h dksf”k”k dh fd lh-ch-vkbZ- bl QSlys ds fo#) lqizhe dksVZ esa fo”ks’k vuqefr ;kfpdk ¼,l-,y-ih-½ nkf[ky uk djsA vxj ;s usrk okdbZ funksZ’k gS]a rks bUgsa D;k Mj Fkk\ ml oDr cgqr de yksx Fks] tks bl fu.kZ; ds f[kykQ cksy jgs FksA i=dkj ih-je.k us vius ys[k esa dgk] ^gokyk ij gq, QSlys ds f[kykQ loksZPp U;k;ky; esa ,d fo”ks’k vuqefr ;kfpdk nkf[ky u djus nsus ds fy, ftl fdLe dh tksM& + rksM+ jktèkkuh ds lÙkk xfy;kjksa esa py jgh gS] og lpeqp pfdr djus okyh gSA* rkdroj jktusrkvksa dh lkft”kksa ds f[kykQ bu fnuksa eSua s csgn HkkxnkSM+ dhA dksf”k”k ;gh Fkh fd fdlh rjg lh-ch-vkbZ- ,l-,y-ihnkf[ky djsA eSa x`gea=h lfgr vusd rkdroj yksxksa ls feykA izèkkuea=h rd Hkh lan”s k fHktok,A fo”oLr lw=ksa ls irk pyk fd jktusrkvksa dh lkft”k ;g py jgh gS fd ,l-,y-ihnkf[ky djus ds fy, feyh 90 fnu dh fe;kn fudky nh tk,] rkfd ,l-,y-ihnkf[ky gh u gks ldsA ;g Hkh irk pyk fd dkuwu ea=h jekdkar [kyi lh-ch-vkbZ- dks ,l-,yih- nkf[ky djus dh vuqefr ugha ns jgs gSAa ;g jkspd fLFkfr Fkh fd Jh vkMok.kh dks cpkus esa os jktusrk yxs Fks tks ges”kk mUgsa lkEiznkf;d crkdj mu ij geyk djrs vk, FksA bl ekeys esa viuk Hkfo’; tqMk+ ns[kdj lc ,d gks x, FksA blfy, bu jktusrkvksa dks psrkouh ds rkSj ij 1 twu 1997 dks eSua s ,d c;ku tkjh fd;k] ftls ;w-,u-vkbZ- dh ekQZr ns”k ds yxHkx lHkh v[kckjksa us 2 twu dks ize[q krk ls NkikA blesa eSua s ?kks’k.kk dh fd lhch-vkbZ- ,l-,y-ihnkf[ky djs ;k u djs] eSa t:j ,l-,y-ihnkf[ky d:¡xkA 146

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

bl [kcj dh jktuhfrd nk;jksa esa rh[kh izfrfØ;k gqbAZa eq>s fQj ls èkefd;k¡ feyuh “kq: gks xb±A dbZ fdLe ds e”kgwj yksx esjs ikl ;g Vksg ysus vkus yxs fd eSa fdl odhy dh ekQZr ftjg djokÅ¡xk] rkfd odhyksa dks esjh enn djus ls jksdk tk ldsA geus fnYyh ds cM+& s cM+s odhyksa ls xqgkj dh fd os jk’Vªfgr ds brus cM+s dkaM dks lh-ch-vkbZ- ds Hkz’Vkpkj dh cfy u p<+us nsa vkSj gkbZ dksVZ ds fu.kZ; ds fo#) loksZPp U;k;ky; esa esjh rjQ ls ,d ,l-,yih- nkf[ky dj ftjg djsAa ij lcus gksf”k;kjh ls Vky fn;kA buesa lksyh lksjkcth] ukuh ikydhokyk] os.kq xksiky] ih-,u- ys[kh vkSj jktho èkou tSls reke e”kgwj odhy “kkfey gSAa tc geus bUgsa jk’Vª ds izfr QtZ ;kn fnykus dh ps’Vk dh] rks buesa ls T;knkrj ds mÙkj ds fupksM+ esa Fkk fd os fdlh u fdlh gokyk vkjksih dks cpkus dh lykg ns jgs gSAa eSua s fgEer ugha gkjhA reke dkuwuh i{kksa dks le>krs gq, dkypØ dk ,d fo”ks’k vaxzt s h v[kckj fudkyk] ftldk mís”; U;k; o ehfM;k ds {ks= ls tqMs+ yksxksa dks bl fu.kZ; dh [kkfe;ksa dh rjQ b”kkjk djuk FkkA dkypØ ds bl vad ds laikndh; esa eSua s fy[kk] ^D;k ;g nqHkkZX;iw.kZ ugha gS fd os ofj’B odhy] tks vDlj NksVs insZ ij Hkkjrh; jktuhfr dh nqn”Z kk ij cgl djrs gq, fn[kkbZ nsrs gSa ;k tks lsfeukjksa esa Hkkjr ds Hkfo’; ij fpark O;Dr djrs gS]a ftuds vusd ys[k ns”k ds cM+& s cM+s v[kckjksa esa izeq[krk ls Nirs gS]a vkt ogh e”kgwj vkSj cM+s odhy fdlh u fdlh ?kksVkys esa fyIr jktusrkvksa dh rjQ ls vnkyrksa esa [kM+s gSAa tkfgj gS fd blls jk’Vª dk vfgr gh gksxk] fgr ughaA ;g Hkh lkQ gS fd brus cM+s odhyksa dh Qhl Hkh yk[kksa #i, esa gksrh gSA ;kuh tks usrk bUgsa eksVh jdesa nsdj vius cpko esa [kM+k dj jgs gS]a muds ikl tkfgju csfglkc dkyk èku gSA ;g ckr cM+s odhy vPNh rjg tkurs gSAa fdarq tc jk’Vª ds fy, mB [kM+s gksus dk ekSdk vkrk gS] rc ;gh ekuuh; vfèkoDrk ekQh ek¡xrs gq, dgrs gSa fd vc ge vius eqofDdyksa dks uk ugha dg ldrsA rc fQj os jk’Vª dh fLFkfr gkbZdksVZ us dSls fd;k vfHk;qDrksa dks cjh\ %

147

dSls cnysx a \s vxj blh rjg O;kolkf;d fgr tufgr ds eqdkcys T;knk egÙoiw.kZ gksrs jgs] rks bUgsa tufgr ekeyksa ij fVIi.kh djus dk uSfrd vfèkdkj dSls gS\ ;g ,d tkuk&ekuk rF; gS fd vusd O;kolkf;d dkS”ky okys esèkkoh ukStoku dsoy nhu&nqf[k;ksa dh lsok ds fy, viuk loZLo R;kx nsrs gSaA ns”k ds vusd egkuxjksa esa ,sls lSdM+ksa mPpf”k{kk izkIr lq;ksX; ukStoku gS]a tks fdlh Hkh cgqjk’Vªh; daiuh esa dke dj yk[kksa ds okjs&U;kjs dj ldrs gSAa ysfdu fQj Hkh os >qXxh&>ksia fM+;ksa esa jgrs gSAa dsoy blfy, fd os vke vkneh ds gd dh yM+kbZ yM+uk pkgrs gSAa nwljh rjQ ,sls dbZ yksx gS]a tks lkB ;k lÙkj o’kZ dh mez ikj dj pqds gSAa ftUgksua s [kwc Hkksx&foykl dk thou ft;k gS vkSj vc Hkh iSlk dekus ds pDdj esa gSAa muds Åij dksbZ ftEesnkfj;k¡ ugha gaS] fQj Hkh vius bu dkeksa ls os Hkz’V jktuhfr dks iky&iksl jgs gSAa ;s “kCn dM+os t:j gS]a exj fny dh tqcku ls fudys gSAa D;k jke tsBeykuh tSls yksx pan #i;ksa ;k Qk;nksa dh [kkfrj ikyk ugha cnyrs\ ;g lc vktknh ds ipklosa lky esa gks jgk gSA bl o’kZxkaB ij vktknh ds fy, viuh tokuh gkse djus okyksa ds fy, lPph J)katfy ;gh gksxh fd ns”k dh cngkyh ij fVIi.kh djus ds ctk; ge ifjfLFkfr;ksa dks cnyus ds fy, dqN cfynku djsAa D;k cM+s odhy blds fy, rS;kj gSa \* bl v[kckj dks geus ns”k ds yxHkx lHkh e”kgwj odhyksa ds ikl HkstkA dgha dksbZ ckr ugha cuhA cgqr eqf”dy vkSj HkkxnkSM+ ds ckn eqEcbZ ds lqifz l) odhy Qhjkst odhy jkth gks x,A vkijkfèkd ekeyksa esa mudk dkQh uke gSA eS]a jtuh”k o iafMr th eqca bZ x,A Qhjkst odhy us gekjs dkxtkr vkSj gkbZdksVZ ds fu.kZ; dk vè;;u djus ds ckn iw.kZ fo”okl fnyk;k fd fnYyh gkbZdksVZ ds fu.kZ; dks lqizhe dksVZ esa cM+h vklkuh ls iyVk tk ldrk gSA bl rjg nks fnu muds lkFk dkUÝsl a dj ge [kq”kh&[kq”kh fnYyh ykSVAs 148

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

mUgksuas s gesa ,l-,y-ih- rS;kj dj eqEcbZ vkus dks dgkA mUgksua s ;g Hkh lykg nh fd vxj gks lds rks mUgsa lh-ch-vkbZ- dh rjQ ls gh odhy cuok;k tk,A eqEcbZ ce dkaM esa os lh-ch-vkbZ- ds odhy igys ls gh FksA blfy, dksbZ eqf”dy ugha gksuh pkfg, FkhA ;fn ,slk gksrk gS rks os mu reke dkxtkr vkSj lcwrksa dks Hkh ns[k ldsx a s tks bl ekeys esa vgfe;r j[krs gSAa ,sls reke lcwr lh-ch-vkbZnck, cSBh FkhA gekjk odhy cudj mudks ;g lc izkIr djuk vlaHko gksrkA eSua s blds fy, Hkh cgqr HkkxnkSM+ dhA x`gea=h ls feykA izèkkuea=h baæ dqekj xqtjky ds fe= Hkokuh lsuxqIr ls feyk] rkfd os mUgsa bldh vgfe;r le>k ldsAa dqynhi uS;j ls Hkh xqtkfj”k dh fd muds fe= Jh xqtjky] tks ckj&ckj Hkz’Vkpkj nwj djus dh ?kks’k.kk dj jgs gS]a bl dke esa n[ky nsAa Jh xqtjky ds fe=ksa dk tokc fujk”kktud FkkA lh-ch-vkbZ- funs”kd tksxUs nz flag dks Hkh i= fy[kkA Jh flag dk tokc vk;k %

fiz; Jh fouhr] vkids 19 twu 1997 ds i= ds fy, èkU;oknA blesa vkius gesa Jh Qhjkst vkj- odhy dks viuk odhy cukus dh lykg nh gSA eSa dsoy bruk vk”oLr dj ldrk gw¡ fd ge viuh rjQ ls csgrj gh djsx a As vkidk lq>ko Lohdk;Z gS] ij bl ekeys esa vafre fu.kZ; dkuwu ea=ky; dk gh gksxkA vkidk tksxUs nz flag* tc eSa vkSj jtuh”k ;g lc HkkxnkSM+ dj jgs Fks] rks ge yxkrkj vfuy nhoku ds Hkh laidZ esa FksA mUgsa gj ckr dh lwpuk ns jgs Fks] tcfd iz”kkar Hkw’k.k Jh vkMok.kh vkfn ds fMLpktZ gksus ls xn~xn Fks vkSj gkbZdksVZ ds fu.kZ; dh iz”kfLr esa ipsZ ck¡V jgs FksA fnYyh ds chdkusj gkml ds ckgj v#.kk jk; ds èkjus ds nkSjku ,slk gkbZdksVZ us dSls fd;k vfHk;qDrksa dks cjh\ %

149

,d ipkZ mUgksua s eq>s Hkh fn;kA D;k lg&;kfpdkdrkZ gksus ds ukrs mUgsa ,slk djuk pkfg, Fkk\ [kSj] 8 vizSy 1997 dks fnYyh gkbZdksVZ ls tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj& vkradokn&gokyk dkaM esa feyh bl ^jkgr* ds ckn gokyk vkjksih usrkvksa us lkjs ns”k esa djksMk+ as #i, ds jaxhu iksLVj fpidok fn,] ftlesa bls mudh ^uSfrd* thr crk;k x;kA Vsyhfotu pSuyksa ij vkdj bu jktusrkvksa us Hkkjh&Hkkjh c;ku fn, fd tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj& vkradokn&gokyk dkaM esa dksbZ lcwr ugha gSA ;g rks ek= muds fo#) ‘kM~;= a FkkA Vsyhfotu ij bu jktusrkvksa dks <ksy&rk”kksa ds chp fFkjdrs vius yksxksa ds eè; [kq”kh esa >wers vkSj feBkb;k¡ [kkrs o f[kykrs fn[kk;k tk jgk FkkA ekuks dksbZ ;q) thr dj vk, gksAa vk”p;Z dh ckr ;g gS fd fdlh us muls bl nkSjku gokyk dkaM dks ysdj rF;kRed iz”u ugha iwNAs geus ehfM;k dh lgwfy;r ds fy, bu iz”uksa dh lwph Hkh tkjh dh] rkfd ns”koklh lPpkbZ tku ldsAa bl dkaM dks ‘kM~;= a crkus okys jktusrkvksa elyu] vkj-dsèkou] cyjke tk[kM+] ykyÑ’.k vkMok.kh] cwVk flag] enuyky [kqjkuk vkfn us bu iz”uksa ds mÙkj nsus dh fgEer ugha dhA os dqN iz”u bl izdkj Fks& 1D;k vkradokfn;ksa dks èku igqp a kus okyksa dks 1991 esa idM+uk vkids fo#) ‘kM~;= a Fkk\ 2vkids f[kykQ vkjksi i= tuojh&Qjojh 1996 esa nkf[ky gq,] tcfd vkidk uke tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM esa vxLr 1993 ls lekpkjksa esa FkkA ;fn ;g vkids fo#) ‘kM~;= a Fkk] rks blds f[kykQ bu o’kks± esa vkius vkokt D;ksa ugha mBkbZ\ D;k vki ;g ekudj pqi cSBs jgs fd fdlh usrk dk dqN ugha fcxM+x s k] blfy, D;ksa cjZ ds NÙks esa gkFk Mkyk tk,\ brus yacs le; rd ;g pqIih lkèkuk D;k uSfrd dke Fkk\ rks fQj ;g uSfrd fot; dSls gS\

150

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

oSl]s dbZ nyksa ds usrkvksa us ekuk fd tSu Mk;jh esa ntZ èku mUgksua s fy;k FkkA tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM esa gj cM+s ny ds 3reke cM+s usrk Q¡ls gSAa rks fQj ;s “kM~;= a fdlus] fdlds f[kykQ fd;k\ geus ;k loksZPp U;k;ky; ds U;k;kèkh’kksa us\ 4lh-ch-vkbZ- dks tSls gh irk pyk fd cM+& s cM+s usrk tSu caèkqvksa ls voSèk jde ikrs jgs gS]a rks mlus tk¡p dks ogha jksd fn;kA fQj ;g ‘kM;a= fdlds f[kykQ Fkk& vkids ;k ns”k ds\ 5vxLr 1993 esa dkypØ ohfM;ks eSxthu ds fy, tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM ij tc eSua s ckj&ckj vkidk baVjO;w ysus dk iz;kl fd;k] rks vki brus ?kcjk D;ksa x, Fks fd eq>s èkDds ekjdj ?kj ls fudyok fn;k x;k] tcfd vrhr esa vki gekjk ges”kk Lokxr djrs jgs FksA eSa rks vkils flQZ nks loky iwNuk pkgrk FkkA D;k vki tSu caèkqvksa dks tkurs gS\a vkSj D;k vkius muls brus iSls fy,\ vxj vkids ikl Nqikus dks dqN ugha Fkk] rks lp cksyus esa bruh ?kcjkgV D;ksa Fkh\ 6vki vPNh rjg tkurs gSa fd tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn& gokyk dkaM ek= Hkz’Vkpkj dk ugha] cfYd ns”knzkgs dk Hkh dkaM gSA fQj vkius laln esa “kksj epkdj tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM esa bZekunkjh ls tk¡p dh ek¡x D;ksa ugha dh\ fQj ;g vkidh ^uSfrd* thr dSls gS\ 7vki tkurs gSa fd lh-ch-vkbZ- tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn& gokyk dkaM ds ekeys esa lqizhe dksVZ rd esa >wB cksyrh vkbZ gS] rkfd vki tSls cM+s jktusrkvksa dks cpk ldsA elyu lh-ch-vkbZ- us tuojh 1994 esa nkok fd;k fd og eqLrSnh ls tk¡p dj jgh gS] tcfd 4 o’kZ ckn ekpZ 1995 rd mlus izkFkfed dkjZokbZ Hkh “kq: ugha dh FkhA lh-ch-vkbZ- us fy[kdj dksVZ esa dgk fd tSu caèkqvksa ds ;gk¡ ls Nkis esa cjken 50 ns”kksa dh eqnzkvksa dks og igpku ugha ikbZ gkbZdksVZ us dSls fd;k vfHk;qDrksa dks cjh\ %

151

gSA lh-ch-vkbZ- us nkok fd;k fd og reke dksf”k”kksa ds ckotwn tSu caèkqvksa dks ugha <w<+a + ikbZA etcwju mls tSu caèkqvksa dks <a<w u+ s okys b”rsgkj yxokus iM+As rc Hkh ckr ugha cuh rks mls vkoztu vfèkdkfj;ksa dh enn ysuh iM+h] tcfd tSu caèkq [kqyv s ke fnYyh esa ?kwe jgs Fks] vkyh”kku nkorsa ns jgs Fks vkSj bldh [kcjsa v[kckjksa esa Ni jgh FkhaA fnYyh mPp U;k;ky; ds lkeus Hkh lh-ch-vkbZ- us vèkwjs rF; j[ks] rkfd tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM ds vkjksih usrkvksa dks fudy Hkkxus dk jkLrk fey ldsA ,sls reke >wB ij [kM+h ;g ^vlR; ij lR; dh fot;* dSls gS\ D;k ,sls ukdkjk vkSj Hkz’V lh-ch-vkbZ- vQljksa ds f[kykQ vki naMkRed dkjZokbZ dh ek¡x djus dks rS;kj gS\a 8[kSj NksfM+,] vc tcfd vkids ^flj ij ls cks> mrj x;k gS*] rc D;k vkiesa ;g uSfrd cy gS fd tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn& gokyk dkaM esa lh-ch-vkbZ- dh csbZekfu;ksa ds f[kykQ fu’i{k tk¡p dh ek¡x djs\a D;k vki ns”k dh turk dks ;g crkus dks rS;kj gSa fd ;g ek¡x D;ksa ugha dj jgs gS\a tcfd nwljs dkaMksa esa rks fu’i{k tk¡p dh ek¡x dks ysdj vki iwjs ns”k esa dkQh rwQku epkrss gS\a vkidh ;g pqIih uSfrd gS ;k vuSfrd\ bu iz”uksa dks tkjh djus vkSj gkbZdksVZ ds fu.kZ; ij dkypØ fgUnh vkSj vaxzt s h ds fo”ks’k v[kckj fudkyus ds ckn geus cgqr Hkkx&nkSMd + j iafMr th dh enn ls ,l-,y-ih- dk Mªk¶V rS;kj fd;kA mls ysdj 23 tqykbZ 1997 dks jtuh”k eqEcbZ igqp ¡ kA vius IykLVj caèks gkFk ij dsl dh Qkbyksa dk xëj ysdj tc jtuh”k Qhjkst odhy ds pSEcj esa igqp ¡ k] rks fny ngykus okyk tokc feykA Qhjkst odhy us fouezrk ls gekjh vksj ls iSjoh djus ls euk dj fn;kA rgdhdkr djus ij irk pyk fd mu ij fnYyh ls Hkkjh ncko Mkyk x;k FkkA D;ksfa d jktusrkvksa dks Mj Fkk fd vxj fQjkst odhy tSls dkfcy odhy gekjh rjQ ls ftjg djsx a ]s rks fnYyh gkbZ dksVZ dk fu.kZ; rqjUr iyV tk,xkA le; de cpk Fkk] 152

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

blfy, jtuh”k ds ogk¡ ls ykSVdj vkrs gh eSua s ,l-,y-ih- rS;kj dj loksZPp U;k;ky; esa nkf[ky djus vkSj [kqn gh ftjg djus dk QSlyk fd;k] vkSj dj Hkh D;k ldrk Fkk\ bl le; eSua s Lo;a dks pØO;wg esa Q¡ls vfHkeU;q dh n”kk esa ik;kA 11 tqykbZ 1997 dks ,l-,y-ih- ij fopkj djus okyh loksPZ p U;k;ky; dh ;g vnkyr [kpk[kp Hkjh FkhA cpko i{k dh vksj ls dfiy flCcy] v#.k tsVyh tSls ntZuksa ukeh odhy] tSu caèkq] muds igyoku] tSu caèkqvksa ls [khals fuiksj dj feyrs gq, lh-ch-vkbZ- ds reke vQlj Fks] rks bl egÙoiw.kZ dsl dks ^doj^ djus okys ehfM;k ds lc lkFkh] ekStnw FksA eSua s Hkjh vnkyr esa U;k;kèkh”kksa ls dgk fd bl dsl dks eSa gh ns”k ds lkeus yk;k FkkA eSua s gh loksZPp U;k;ky; esa fiNys pkj o’kZ ls jkr&fnu MVs jgdj gokyk vkjksfi;ks]a lh-ch-vkbZ- o ljdkj dh nwljh tk¡p ,tsfa l;ksa ds f[kykQ tedj eqdnek yM+k gSA eSua s bl ckr ds reke izek.k vnkyr esa fn, gSa fd fdl rjg ljdkj dh tk¡p ,tsfa l;k¡ gokyk vkjksfi;ksa dks ltk fnyokus dk ugha] cfYd cpkus dk dke dj jgh gSAa blfy, esjk i{k lqus fcuk vki bl eqdnesa dh lPpkbZ ugha tku ldrs] D;ksfa d lh-ch-vkbZ- rks vkjksfi;ksa dks cpkus dk dke djsxh] idM+okus dk ughaA bl ij U;k;ewfrZ ,e-ds- eq[kthZ] U;k;ewfrZ ,lih- dqnZd w j o U;k;ewfrZ ds-Vh- FkkWel dh csp a us eq>s ^baVjos”ku* ds fy, fyf[kr vthZ nkf[ky djus dks dgk] tks eSua s mlh fnu nkf[ky dj nhA bl rjg lqizhe dksVZ ds Hkjs vnkyr d{k esa esjs xtZu ls gokyk dkaM ds vkjksfi;ksa ds eu esa Mj cSB x;kA bldk izek.k gS og QthZ i=] tks tSu caèkqvksa us esjs uke ls vnkyr esa caVok;k] rkfd U;k;ewfrZ Jh eq[kthZ dh csp a eq> ls ukjkt gks tk, vkSj eq>s bl ekeys esa rdZ djus vkSj rF; izLrqr djus dk ekSdk u feysA vaxzt s h esa Vkbi fd;k gqvk ;g i= ^dkypØ lekpkj VªLV* dk QthZ ysVj gsM cukdj ml ij esjs QthZ nLr[kr cukdj] U;k;ewfrZ Jh eq[kthZ gkbZdksVZ us dSls fd;k vfHk;qDrksa dks cjh\ %

153

dh csp a dks lEcksfèkr fd;k x;k FkkA bl i= esa loksZPp U;k;ky; ds eq[; U;k;kèkh”k o ,d vU; U;k;kèkh”k ds fo#) reke rjg dh viekutud ckrsa fy[kh FkhaA bl i= dh QksVks izfr;k¡ loksZPp U;k;ky; ds odhyksa esa caVokbZ xb±A rkfd iwjh vnkyr esa eq>s ,d xSjftEesnkj O;fDr ds :i esa cnuke fd;k tk ldsA bl i= dks ysdj eSua s dkQh rwQku epk;kA eq>s ns[kdj vk”p;Z gqvk fd reke lcwrksa ds ckotwn loksZPp U;k;ky; ds U;k;kèkh”kksa us vnkyr dh voekuuk djus okys bu yksxksa ds fo#) dkjZokbZ ugha dhA dgrs gSa fd tc xhnM+ dh ekSr vkrh gS] rks og “kgj dh rjQ Hkkxrk gSA ;g fpëh rS;kj djus okyksa us ,d Hk;adj Hkwy dj nhA Vkbi dkWih ds lkFk gLrfyf[kr ewy Mªk¶V dh QksVksdkWih Hkh vnkyr esa c¡V xbZA bl gLrfyf[kr dkWih dks tSu caèkqvksa ds izfr’Bku Hkkjr baMfLVª;y oDlZ] ckjk[kEck jksM] ubZ fnYyh vkWfQl ls 30 tqykbZ 1997 dks “kke 4-42 feuV ij QSDl uacj 3755251 ls QSDl fd;k x;k FkkA lqizhe dksVZ ds odhy vjfoan fuxe us tc gesa bl i= dh izfr nh] rks geus iwjs ekeys dh rgdhdkr dhA irk pyk fd tSu caèkqvksa us vius dk;kZy; esa cSBdj ;g QthZ i= rS;kj djok;k FkkA mlds ckn mls vius odhy ds pSEcj esa QSDl dj fn;k] bl fgnk;r ds lkFk fd odhy dk DydZ bl elkSns dks Vkbi djds mldh QksVksdkWih lqizhe dksVZ esa caVok nsA DydZ us Vkbi ds lkFk QSDl ij vk;h gLrfyf[kr dkWih Hkh xyrh ls QksVksdkWih dj caVok nhA bl rjg ;g iwjh tkylkth idM+h xbZA tSu caèkqvksa us bl rjg viuk f”kdatk tek j[kk Fkk fd bruk lkQ lcwr gksus ds ckotwn fnYyh iqfyl dksbZ dkjZokbZ djus dks rS;kj ugha FkhA gLrfyf[kr i= ,d ,slk izek.k gS] ftls dHkh u’V ugha fd;k tk ldrkA bl i= dks fy[kus okys us u flQZ vnkyr dh voekuuk dk vijkèk fd;k] cfYd esjs tkyh nLr[kr cukdj pkj lkS chlh vkSj tkylkth dk tqeZ Hkh fd;k FkkA geus bl i= dks fy[kus okys O;fDr dh gLrfyfi dk feyku djus ds 154

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

edln ls blds ipsZ Niokdj fnYyh dh vnkyrksa esa odhyksa ds chp caVok,A ftuesa vihy dh x;h Fkh fd vxj vki bl gLrfyfi okys O;fDr dks tkurs gks]a rks Ñi;k gesa lwpuk nsAa bl rjg [kkst djus dk iqfyl dk dke Hkh geus fd;kA bl nkSjku fnYyh ds gkSt [kkl Fkkus esa 10 flrEcj 1997 dks geus izkFkfed fjiksVZ ntZ djokus dh Hkjld dksf”k”k dhA gekjh fyf[kr f”kdk;r ij LohÑfr dh eqgj yxkdj rks Fkkus us ns nh] ij ,Q-vkbZ-vkj- ntZ ugha dhA gkSt [kkl Fkkuk fryd ekxZ Fkkus ij Vkyrk jgk vkSj fryd ekxZ Fkkuk DukWV Iysl Fkkus ijA DukWV Iysl Fkkus ds ,l-,p-vks- us ,Q-vkbZ-vkj- rks ntZ ugha dh ysfdu ,u-dstSu dk c;ku tkdj igys gh ys vk;kA ,slk djus dk dkj.k Li’V FkkA vthc ckr Fkh fd brus lkQ izek.k gksus ds ckn gekjh ,QvkbZ-vkj- rd ntZ ugha dh tk jgh FkhA tc jktèkkuh esa jgus ds ckotwn gekjs lkFk iqfyl ,slk lywd djrh gS] rks ns”k ds vU; Fkkuksa esa vke vkneh dh nqxZfr dk vanktk gh yxk;k tk ldrk gSA eSua s vkSj jtuh”k us dkQh HkkxnkSM+ dhA ij dqN Hkh ugha gqvkA oSl]s loksZPp U;k;ky; dh voekuuk ds ekeys esa iqfyl dks gh QkSju dkjZokbZ djuh pkfg, Fkh] D;ksfa d geus rks laHkkfor O;fDr dk uke rd iqfyl dks ns j[kk FkkA 25 flrEcj 1997 dks geus fnYyh ds iqfyl vk;qDr Vh-vkj- dDdM+ ls fyf[kr f”kdk;r dhA blds ckn Hkh dqN ugha gqvk] rks geus fnYyh ds mijkT;iky dh iqfyl ekeyksa esa lykgdkj fdj.k csnh ls f”kdk;r dhA mUgksua s dksf”k”k dh] ij os ,Q-vkbZ-vkj- rd ntZ ugha djk ldhaA tc mudh Hkh ugha pyh] rc geus Hkkjr ljdkj ds x`gea=h banzthr xqIrk ls f”kdk;r dhA ij fnYyh iqfyl us mudh Hkh ijokg ugha dhA rks 12 fnlacj 1997 dks gekjs fe= odhy oh-dsvksgjh us loksZPp U;k;ky; ds eq[; U;k;kèkh”k o vU; lacfa èkr U;k;kèkh”kksa dks iwjh fjiksVZ Hksth] rkfd os loksZPp U;k;ky; dh voekuuk ds nks’kh bu yksxksa ds f[kykQ tk¡p gkbZdksVZ us dSls fd;k vfHk;qDrksa dks cjh\ %

155

djokdj bUgsa ltk ns ldsAa ij ogk¡ Hkh [krjukd [kkeks”kh gh feyhA tks yksx lgh ckr ds fy, Hkh vnkyr dh voekuuk ls cgqr Mjrs gSAa mu lc yksxksa ds fy, ;s ?kVuk,sa vk¡[ksa [kksyus okyh gksuh pkfg,A tks vnkyr NksVh&NksVh xyrh ij cM+s ls cM+s O;fDr dks ^vnkyr dh voekuuk* ds vkjksi esa tsy Hkstus ls Hkh ugha ladksp djrh] ogh gokyk dsl esa vius fo#) viekutud ipsZ fy[kdj ck¡Vus okys dks ;k vius Åij ^ncko* Mkyus okys dks ltk nsus esa D;ksa fgpdrh jgh\ D;k dksbZ U;k;ewfrZ eq>s bldk tokc ns ldrs gS\a oSls loksZPp vnkyr vkSj fnYyh iqfyl pkgsa rks vkt Hkh bl ekeys dh Bhd tk¡p djds bls rkfdZd ifj.kfr rd igq¡pk;k tk ldrk gSA nksf’k;ksa dks ltk nh tk ldrh gSA vxj fnYyh iqfyl o loksZPp U;k;ky; pkgsa rksA bl rjg vizSy 1997 ls fnlEcj 1997 rd ds bl nkSj esa reke rjg ds voSèk gFkdaMs viuk, x,] rkfd lqizhe dksVZ esa ,l,y-ih- dks ysdj dgha fnYyh gkbZdksVZ dk fu.kZ; iyV u tk,A tks jktusrk fnYyh gkbZdksVZ ds fu.kZ; dks viuh uSfrd thr crkrs vk, gS]a muls iwNk tkuk pkfg, fd vxj os okdbZ funksZ’k gS]a rks ;s lc gFkdaMs fdl Mj ls viuk, tk jgs Fks\ bruk gh dkQh ugha FkkA lh-ch-vkbZ- dks Hkkjr ljdkj ds dkuwu ea=ky; us D;ksa Qhjkst odhy tSls fdlh ukeh vkSj vuqHkoh odhy dks ysus dh vuqefr ugha nh\ D;k blfy, fd gokyk dkaM esa NwVs jktusrkvksa ds f[kykQ lhch-vkbZ- dh rjQ ls etcwr ftjg u gks lds vkSj bl iwjs ekeys dks BaMk fd;k tk lds\ fQj ;g budh uSfrd thr dSls gqbZ\ bl nkSjku ,l-,y-ih- ekeys esa ,d ds ckn ,d rkjh[ksa iM+rh jghaA igys cpko i{k ds odhyksa us ftjg dh] ftuesa ns”k ds e”kgwj odhy dfiy flCcy] vkj-ds- vkuan o gjftanj flag izeq[k FksA tc lh-ch-vkbZ- dh rjQ ls ftjg djus dh ckjh vkbZ] rks eSa loksZPp vnkyr uacj&5 esa mB [kM+k gqvkA pwfa d 11 tqykbZ] 1997 156

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

dks blh csp a ds vkns”k ij eSua s fyf[kr izfrosnu nkf[ky fd;k Fkk vkSj bu eghuksa esa eq>s cjkcj vnkyr ls gj rkjh[k ij lquokbZ dk uksfVl fey jgk Fkk] rks tkfgj Fkk fd vnkyr esjh Hkwfedk ls okfdQ FkhA ij tc eSua s viuh ckr j[kuh pkgh rks Jh eq[kthZ dh vè;{krk okyh csp a us ,d u lquhA eSua s [kM+s gksdj tksj ls dgk fd bldk eryc gS fd vki bl dsl dh lPpkbZ tkus fcuk gh bls fuiVkuk pkgrs gS\a rhuksa U;k;ewfrZ eq>s [kkeks”kh ls rkdrs jgs vkSj eSa fojksèk esa rqjra dksVZ uacj&5 ls ckgj fudy vk;kA dSlk fojksèkkHkkl Fkk fd lqizhe dksVZ dh vnkyr ua-&1 esa tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn& gokyk dkaM esa dksrkgh ds fy, lh-chvkbZ- dh HkRlZuk dh tk jgh Fkh vkSj mlh ds dksVZ ua-&5 esa mlh Hkz’V lh-ch-vkbZ- dh lkft”ku dh tk jgh detksj ftjg dks vkèkkj ekudj oh-lh- “kqDy o ykyÑ’.k vkMok.kh dks fMLpktZ djus dk jkLrk lkQ fd;k tk jgk FkkA blls T;knk eSa vkSj D;k dkuwuh yM+kbZ yM+ ldrk Fkk\ fygktk eSua s vnkyr tkuk can dj fn;kA vc ;g lkQ Fkk fd dqN gksus okyk ughaA ;gk¡ ;g rF; mYys[kuh; ,oa jkspd gS fd bl vnkyr us bu jktusrkvksa dks fMLpktZ djus okyk fu.kZ; lquokbZ [kRe gksus ds dbZ eghus ckn 2 ekpZ 1998 dks ml oDr lquk;k tc lkjk ns”k 1998 ds yksd lHkk pqukoksa ds urhts lquus esa tqVk FkkA cacbZ;k fQYeksa esa vDlj fnokyh ds iVk[kksa ds “kksj ds chp esa gR;k dj nh tkrh gS] rkfd fdlh dk mèkj è;ku gh u tk,A eq>s ,slk yxk] tSls pqukoh ifj.kkeksa ds “kksj ds chp vktkn Hkkjr ds lcls cM+s ?kksVkys dh dkuwuh gR;k dj nh xbZA bl rjg fcuk tk¡p djok, gh tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM dks ,d ckj fQj nQuk fn;k x;kA ij ;g lkQ gks tkuk pkfg, fd gokyk dkaM ds vkjksih fMLpktZ gq, gS]a cjh ughaA ;kuh vxj lh-chvkbZ- bZekunkjh ls tk¡p dj vkjksi i= nkf[ky djs] rks ;s jktusrk iqu% pktZ”khV gks ldrs gSAa pwfa d dksbZ Hkh jktuhfrd ny ;g ugha pkgrkA blfy, ekStnw k gkykr esa lh-ch-vkbZ- ,slh tqjZr djsxh] “kd gkbZdksVZ us dSls fd;k vfHk;qDrksa dks cjh\ %

157

158

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

gSA dqN fnu ckn gh gky gh esa lh-ch-vkbZ- ds funs”kd f=ukFk feJ ls tc eSua s muds n¶rj tkdj bl dsl dh ckr dh] rks mudk dguk Fkk fd] ^fouhr th gokyk dkaM esa vkt Hkh brus izek.k gSa fd ge ntZuksa usrkvksa dks fxj¶rkj dj ldrs gSAa ij D;k djsa gekjs vQljksa dk eukscy VwVk gqvk gSA ftlds f[kykQ tk¡p djrs gS]a dy ogh ea=h cu tkrk gS] rks ge dSls fgEer djs\a gk¡ vxj bl ek¡x dks mBkus] tu lSykc meM+ iM+]s rc dqN ckr cu ldrh gSA*

gkbZdksVZ us dSls fd;k vfHk;qDrksa dks cjh\ %

159

160

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

17 U;k;ikfydk ij ^ncko* Hkkjr ds eq[; U;k;kèkh”k Jh ts-,l- oekZ }kjk mu ij vkSj U;k;ewfrZ Jh ,l-lh- lsu ij iM+ jgs ncko ds jgL;ksn~?kkVu us lkjs ns”k dks LrCèk dj fn;kA cgqr de yksx ml ?kVukØe ds ckjs esa tkurs gSa tks jfookj 13 tqykbZ 1997 dh “kke vkSj lkseokj 14 tqykbZ dh lqcg ?kVkA vaxt sz h ikf{kd if=kdk ÝaVykbu o fnYyh ds vaxt sz h s nSfud n fganqLrku VkbEl] VkbEl vkWQ bafM;k o bafM;u ,Dlizl ds vykok fdlh us bl [kcj dks ml oDr ugha NkikA lkseokj 14 tqykbZ 1997 dh nksigj ekuuh; U;k;ewfrZx.kksa us gokyk dsl dh lquokbZ ds nkSjku mu ij iM+s nckoksa vkSj ml ^jgL;e; O;fä* ds ckjs esa crk;k ftlls U;k;ewfrZ Jh lsu dh eqykdkr gqbZ FkhA mlls ,d fnu igys gh jfookj dh nksigj dks eSua s fuEu i= Hkkjr ds eq[; U;k;kèkh”k U;k;ewfrZ Jh ts-,l- oekZ ds fuokl ij fHktok;kA blh i= dh izfr;k¡ loksZPp U;k;ky; ds dqN vU; U;k;ewfrZ;ksa ds fuokl ij Hkh fHktokb±A ;g i= fy[kus dks eSa blfy, etcwj gqvk D;ksfa d eq>s cgqr igys gh irk py pqdk Fkk fd gokyk dsl dks efV;kesV djus ds fy, insZ ds ihNs D;k lkft”ksa py jgh FkhaA blh chp fnYyh gkbZ dksVZ dk vizR;kf”kr fu.kZ; vk;kA ftlus gokyk la?k’kZ dh èkkjk myV nhA bl QSlys ls Jh ykyÑ’.k vkMok.kh o Jh oh-lh-”kqDyk dks fMLpktZ dj fn;k x;k FkkA eq>s bl ckr dks ysdj Hkkjh ukjktxh Fkh fd loksZPp U;k;ky; rd] dsl ds vge dkuwuh igyqvksa dh tkucw>dj mis{kk dj jgk gSA bl ekgkSy esa tc yxHkx lkjk izpkj ra= gokyk U;k;ikfydk ij ^ncko* %

161

vkjksih usrkvksa dh pkVqdkfjrk esa yxk Fkk vkSj ns”kokfl;ksa dks tedj xqejkg fd;k tk jgk FkkA ml foijhr ifjLFkfr esa Hkh dkypØ dh NksVh&lh Vhe us vHkwriwoZ fgEer dk ifjp; nsrs gq, ,d l?ku vfHk;ku pyk;k o bl ekeys ds ihNs dh lkjh lkft”kksa dks csudkc fd;k] rkfd dy dksbZ ;g u dg lds fd ge fcuk lcwrksa ds ^’kM~;= a * jprs jgs ;k yM+rs jgs FksA cgqr FkksMs+ yksx Fks] tks ml oDr esjh ckr lquus dks rS;kj FksA rRdkyhu x`g ea=h banzthr xqIr muesa ls ,d Fks] gkykafd dj os Hkh dqN ugha ik, vkSj rks vkSj] bl eqdke ij vkdj rks ,fedl D;wjh Jh vfuy nhoku rd <hys iM+ x,A bu gkykr esa esjs ikl viuk fojksèk izdV djus dk vkSj dksbZ fodYi ugha cpk] flok; blds fd eSa lc rF;ksa dks ,d i= dh ekQZr Hkkjr ds eq[; U;k;kèkh”k dks Hkst]aw rkfd os ns”k ds lkeus lPpkbZ mxyus dks etcwj gksaA ;g dke tksf[ke Hkjk FkkA i= dh Hkk’kk dks psrkouhiw.kZ j[krs gq, Hkh dkS”ky ds lkFk fy[kk tkuk Fkk] D;ksfa d vnkyr dh voekuuk ds vkjksi esa QkSju tsy Hksts tkus dh iwjh vk”kadk FkhA ns”k dk ekgkSy cny pqdk FkkA dgha ls fdlh fdLe dh enn feyus dh dksbZ mEehn ugha FkhA i= Hkstus ls igys eSua s viuh iRuh o NksVs cPpksa dks vius tsy tkus dh vk”kadk ds ckjs esa ekufld :i ls rS;kj fd;k vkSj fQj Hkxoku dk uke ysdj ;g i= Hkst fn;k] ftlds ckn Hkkjr dh loksZPp U;k;ky; esa vktknh ds ckn dk lcls cM+k rwQku ep x;kA i= bl izdkj Fkk %

U;k;ewfrZ Jh ts-,l- oekZ Hkkjr ds eq[; U;k;kèkh”k lqizhe dksVZ] ubZ fnYYkh

162

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

;ksj ykWMZf”ki] 1cgqr nq[k vkSj rdyhQ ls eSa vkidks ;g i= fy[k jgk gw¡A tqykbZ 1993 esa tc eSua s gokyk ekeys dh tk¡p “kq: dh Fkh] rks esjs lHkh “kqHkfpardksa us eq>s bruh cM+h tksf[ke ugha mBkus dh lykg nh FkhA ns’k ds 115 rkdroj yksxksa dks ukjkt djus dh tksf[ke FkhA eSa vius dSfj;j ds vafre eqdke ij ugha Fkk] tgk¡ bl tksf[ke ls dksbZ QdZ ugha iM+rkA esjs csVs flQZ 4 vkSj 9 o’kZ ds FksA e”kgwj ØwlM s jksa ls fHkUu eq>s fdlh ehfM;k ?kjkus] dkjiksjVs lewg ;k jktuhfrd ny dk leFkZu ugha feyk FkkA esjh yM+kbZ iwjh O;oLFkk ds f[kykQ FkhA gokyk ekeys dh VDdj dk “kk;n gh dksbZ nwljk ekeyk gksA bl ,d vdsys ?kksVkys esa lÙkk:<+ vkSj foi{kh nyksas ds reke usrk “kkfey gS]a blhfy, fdlh us bl ekeys ij gkFk ugha MkykA fQj Hkh eSua s mu yksxksa dh rkdr dks pqukSrh nsus dh fgEer dh tks ns”k dh fdLer r; djus dk nkok djrs gSAa 2dqN gh yksx ,sls gSa ftUgkaus s vius lhfer lalkèkuksa ls vyx&vyx le; esa esjh enn dh gSA ij fdlh us muds ckjs esa ugha fy[kk gSA cgqr ckn esa tc eSua s tufgr ;kfpdk nk;j dh] rks Jh jke tsBeykuh us esjs s Åij rhu lg;kfpdkdrkZ Fkksi fn, FksA bu yksxksa us dksbZ ldkjkRed ;ksxnku ugha fd;kA myVs mudh fØ;kdyki bl mís”; ds fy, uqdlkunsg FksA Jh tsBeykuh us Hkh dbZ xanh pkysa pyhaA mUgksua s eq>s Hkkjh jkf”k nsus dh Hkh dksf”k”k dh] rkfd os tSu caèkqvksa vkSj nwljs vkjksfi;ksa dh enn dj ldsAa blesa ukdke jgus ij os ikjh cnydj nwljh vksj pys x,A eSa mudk vuSfrd crkZo vkSj bl mez esa Hkh iSls ds fy, ykyp ns[kdj nax jg x;k FkkA 3egksn;] vki ekusx a s fd esjs ekxZ esa fdruh gh eqf”dys]a tku ds [krjs] iSls vkSj in ds ykyp vk, gksx a As egksn;] eq>s ,slk dksbZ Hkze ugha gS fd eSa cgqr cgknqj vkneh gw¡ vkSj ;g lc dj ik;kA eSa U;k;ikfydk ij ^ncko* %

163

le>rk gw¡ fd bZ”oj esjs izfr n;koku gS fd bl vPNs dk;Z ds fy, mlus eq>s fufeÙk cuk;kA 4;ksj ykWMZf”ki] vDVwcj 1993 esa eSua s bl f”kdk;r ds lkFk lqizhe dksVZ dk njoktk [kV[kVk;k Fkk fd ^nqcbZ vkSj yana u esa cSBh dqN “kfDr;k¡ d”ehj esa mxzokn c<+kus ds fy, iSls ns jgh gSa vkSj izeq[k jktuhfrKksa o ukSdj”kkgksa dks Hkh iSls ckaVs tk jgs gSAa iSlk gokyk ds xyr jkLrs ls vk jgk gSA lh-ch-vkbZ- ds ikl bu yksxksa ds f[kykQ tk¡p “kq: djus vkSj eqdnek pykus ds fy, i;kZIr lcwr gS]a ij og bl ekeys dks 3 ebZ 1991 ls cs”kehZ ls nck, cSBh gSA* eSa pkgrk Fkk fd lqizhe dksVZ ds ekuuh; U;k;kèkh”k ;g lqfuf”pr djsa fd lh-ch-vkbZ- vkSj nwljh ,tsfa l;k¡ viuh ftEesnkjh fuHkk,as vkSj nksf’k;ksa dks VkMk] Qsjk] dksQis kslk] vk;dj rFkk Hkz’Vkpkj fujksèkd dkuwu ds rgr fxj¶rkj djs@ a mu ij eqdnek pyk,sAa 5ekU;oj] bl ekeys esa vkius uoEcj 1994 ls vDVwcj 1996 rd xaHkhj fnypLih ysus dh Ñik dh FkhA vius fo}ku odhy Jh vfuy chnhoku ds tfj, eSa Hkh vnkyr dh lgk;rk djrk jgkA Jh nhoku ,d lPps] bZekunkj vkSj ijaijkfu’B vkneh gSAa vijkèk dkuwu dh viuh lhfer le> dks Lohdkjus esa mUgsa fgpd ugha gSA fQj Hkh] bl ekeys esa mUgksua s tks dqN fd;k mldh iz”kalk fd, fcuk eSa ugha jg ldrkA eq>s muesa iwjk fo”okl gS vkSj ;g i= fy[kdj eSa vkidks rdyhQ ugha nsrkA ij fiNys pkj o’kks± esa ge yksxksa us bl ekeys esa tks dqN Je fd;k gS] og bèkj dqN le; ls csdkj tkrk yx jgk gSA 6gesa D;k gkfly gqvk\ lh-ch-vkbZ- ekeys dh tk¡p ugha dj jgh FkhA mlus tk¡p ugha dh gSA jktusrk vkSj ukSdj”kkg rc Hkh NwVs gq, Fks vkSj vkt Hkh NwV jgs gSAa ;ksj ykWMZf”ki] lcls vk”p;Ztud pwd ;g gqbZ gS fd bl ekeys esa VkMk okys dks.k dh iwjh mis{kk dh xbZ gSA ns”k ds fofHkUu fgLlksa esa vc Hkh funksZ’k yksx mxzokfn;ksa ds gkFkksa ekjs tk jgs gSa vkSj jktuhfrK vutkuh fons”kh rkdrksa ij 164

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

vkjksi e<+dj cp tkrs gSAa eSua ]s ;ksj ykWMfZ ”ki] bl ekeys esa iwjs tky dk inkZQk”k fd;k Fkk] fQj Hkh dqN ugha gqvkA lh-ch-vkbZ- us ekuuh; vnkyr dh fuxjkuh ds ckotwn VkMk dh èkkjk 15 ds rgr miyCèk c;kuksa dk mi;ksx ugha fd;k vkSj bl rjg VkMk dh èkkjk 21 ds rgr lcwr ekus tk ldus okyh fLFkfr dks gkFk ls fudy tkus fn;kA 7vk;dj vkSj Qsjk ds vfèkdkjh Hkh bl ekeys esa ,d bap a ugha c<+s gaS] tcfd Hkkjh ek=k esa udnh vkSj fons”kh eqnzk,sa cjken gqbZ FkhaA Qsjk ds laHkkfor izkoèkkuksa dks Hkh utjvankt fd;k x;kA 8bl iwjs ekeys dk vkèkkj fglkc&fdrkc dh iqLrdsa FkhaA mUgsa vekU; lcwr ds :i esa [kkfjt fd;k tk jgk gSA blds fy, lk{; vfèkfu;e ds dbZ izkoèkkuksa dh ladh.kZ O;k[;k dh tk jgh gSA ;ksj ykWMZf”ki dks ;kn gksxk fd 11&7&1995 dks bUgha nLrkostksa dh lqj{kk ds fy, vkius foLr`r vkns”k tkjh fd, x, Fks] D;ksfa d ekuuh; U;k;kèkh”kksa dks ;s cgqr egÙoiw.kZ yxs FksA bldk lhèkk vlj ;g gqvk gS fd jktuhfrK o ukSdj”kkg NwVus tk jgs gSa vkSj lh-ch-vkbZ- us Ng lky ls Hkh T;knk dh tk¡p esa vc rd dksM uke okys vutkus yksxksa dh igpku ugha dh gSA ;g fdrus “keZ dh ckr gS\ vutkus uke vkradokfn;ksa ;k nq”euksa ds ,tsVa ] fdlh ds Hkh gks ldrs gSAa 9;ksj ykWMZf”ki] lh-ch-vkbZ- vkSj nwljh ljdkjh ,tsfa l;ksa ds Hkz’V yksxksa ds fy, ftUgsa bl nkSjku tk¡p dks nck, j[kus ds fy, tSu caèkqv a ksa ls tkfgju Hkkjh jde feyh] D;k dksbZ ltk ugha gS\ muds vèkhuLFk o lgdehZ D;k lh[ksx a \s fj”or yks] tk¡p ij inkZ Mkyks vkSj ets djksA “kh”kZ vnkyr dh fuxjkuh esa Hkh ! 10;ksj ykWMZf”ki] gokyk ekeys ls tqMh+ lh-ch-vkbZ- dh dsl Qkbys]a ftudk uacj&3@5 (A) 91- SIV-V Hkkx&1 ls 5] 2@1 (A) 95-ACV-VI vkSj 3@1 (A)/95-ACV=VI Hkkx&2 ls 5 gS] vU; lHkh U;k;ikfydk ij ^ncko* %

165

nLrkostksa ds lkFk “kh’kZ vnkyr esa ugha ykbZ tk jgh gSAa bu Qkbyksa dh Bhd ls tk¡p dh tk,] rks g¶rs Hkj esa ftEesnkjh r; djus esa enn feysxhA bl rjg] lHkh nks’kh vQljksa ds f[kykQ rqjra ] vkbZih-lh- dh èkkjk 120 ch] ftls vkbZ-ih-lh- dh èkkjk 218 ds lkFk i<+k tkrk gS] ds rgr pktZ“khV nk;j dh tk ldsxhA 11lh-ch-vkbZ- dks uqdlku igq¡pkus ds fy, bu vQljksa ij Hkz’Vkpkj fujksèkd dkuwu dh èkkjk 13 ¼Mh½] ftls èkkjk 13 ¼2½ ds lkFk i<+k tkrk gS] ds rgr ekeyk curk gSA bu vQljksa us viuh ftEesnkjh iwjh u dj ns”k dh lqj{kk dks [krjs esa Mky fn;k gSA ;ksj ykWMZf”ki! vxj fdlh vU; ljdkjh foHkkx ds vQljksa us ;gh fd;k gksrk] rks lh-ch-vkbZ- ds yksxksa us mUgsa vc rd fxj¶rkj dj fy;k gksrkA fQj mlh vijkèk ds fy, bu yksxksa dks dSls ;ksa gh NksMk+ tk ldrk gS\ 12;ksj ykWMfZ ”ki] 1996 dk lcsjk Hkkjrh; U;k;ikfydk ds ,d u, :i ds lkFk gqvk FkkA blls bl ns”k ds yk[kksa detksj vkSj xjhc yksxksa dh mEehnsa c<+ xbZ FkhaA ij 1997 dh “kq#vkr vi”kdquh gqbZ gSA tks dqN Hkh gkfly gqvk Fkk] og rsth ls [kksrk tk jgk gSA dksbZ Hkh ;g ugha ekurk fd ;s jktuhfrK funksZ’k gSAa yksxksa dks vk”p;Z gks jgk gS fd gokyk ds nkxh yksxksa ds ;gk¡ Nkis D;ksa ugha tkjh jgsA D;k vkfjQ eqgEen [kka] lq[kjke vkSj t;yfyrk Hkkjrh; jktuhfr ds viokn gS\a tSu&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM esa fj”or nsus okyksa dks rks fxj¶rkj fd;k x;k] ij fj”or ysus okyksa dks fxj¶rkj D;ksa ugha fd;k x;k\ fj”or nsus okyksa ds ;gk¡ rks ryk”kh gqbZ] ij fj”or ysus okyksa ds ;gk¡ ryk”kh D;ksa ugha gqbZ\ 13;ksj ykWMZf”ki] D;k eSa vkils ;g iwN ldrk gw¡ fd fiNys 50 o’kks± esa ,d Hkh loksZPp ukSdj”kkg ;k jktuhfrK dks Hkz’Vkpkj ds fy, ltk D;ksa ugha feyh\ tcfd Hkkjr esa Hkz’Vkpkj “keZ dh lkjh

166

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

lhek,as yka?k x;k gSA D;ks]a egksn;] D;ks\a jk’Vª dks bldk tokc nsuk gekjh ftEesnkjh gSA 14;ksj ykWMZf”ki dks ;kn gksxk fd 8 vizSy 1995 dks eSua s ,d “kiFk i= nk;j fd;k Fkk] tks esjh fjV ;kfpdk ¼vijkèk½ la[;k 1993 dh 340&43 ds isij cqd esa i`’B la[;k 200&219 ij gSA blesa eSua s bl ckr dk C;kSjk fn;k Fkk fd tk¡p djus okyh ,tsfa l;k¡ dSls tkucw>dj VkMk] Qsjk] dksQis kslk vkfn ds rgr tk¡p nck jgh FkhaA bl “kiFk i= dks vnkyr esa i<+k rd ugha x;k gSA lh-ch-vkbZ- vkSj nwljs vfèkdkfj;ksa us bldk tokc rd ugha fn;k gSA vxj ,slk gqvk gksrk] rks gokyk ekeys dh tk¡p bruh ?k`f.kr ugha gksrhA bl “kiFk i= dks vc Hkh D;ksa ugha ns[kk tk jgk gS\ 15;ksj ykWMZf”ki] blh ekeys esa eSua s 9 tuojh 1996 dks fQj ,d “kiFk i= nk;j fd;kA bldk Hkh ogh gJ gqvkA ;ksj ykWMZf”ki] bl ekeys ij lquokbZ D;ksa ugha gks ldrh\ 16;ksj ykWMZf”ki dks ;kn gksxk fd tCr nLrkostksa ¼tSu caèkqvksa ds [kkrs½ ns[kus ds ckn vkius fuEufyf[kr fVIi.kh dh Fkh % ^eq>s ;g fo”okl ugha gks jgk gS fd dksbZ ,slh èkks[kkèkMh+ djds Hkh bl rjg cpk jg ldrk gSA blds fy, vkidks cl ;gh djuk gS fd vkids ikl dksbZ cM+k vijkèk djus vkSj ;g dgus dk lkgl gks fd eSa dqN Hkh djds cp ldrk gwA¡ vxj ge yksxksa dk dke flQZ NksVs vijkèk djus okys dks ltk nsuk gS vkSj tUefnu dh ikfVZ;ksa ij yk[kksa #i, [kpZ djus okys dks ;ksa gh tkus nsuk gS] rks csgrj gksxk fd ge vnkyrksa dks can dj nsAa * ^cs”kd ge yksx gkFk [kM+s djus okys ugha gSAa ;g ,d vlkèkkj.k ekeyk gS vkSj ,slk jkst&jkst ugha gksrkA ge dkQh ijs”kku gSa vkSj bl ekeys dks ;ksa gh ugha NksM+ ldrsA bldk rdZlx a r fu’d’kZ fudkyuk gh gksxkA ge ifj.kke pkgrs gSAa ge bls ,sls gh ugha NksM+ nsx a As * U;k;ikfydk ij ^ncko* %

167

17bUgha nLrkostksa ds vkèkkj ij vkSj tk¡p ,tsfa l;ksa ds fudEesiu ij xkSj djus ds ckn ;ksj ykWMZf”ki us 3&4&1995 dks fQj ,d ckj dfri; funsZ”k fn, Fks fd vkjksfi;ksa dks fons”k ls cqyk;k tk, vkSj muds f[kykQ vko”;d dne mBk, tk,sAa 18;ksj ykWMZf”ki] vc D;k gks jgk gS\ D;k ge yksx gokyk ekeys esa rdZlx a r fu’d’kZ ij igq¡p jgs gS\a ugha] ;ksj ykWMZf”ki! ugha] myVs gekjk etkd cu jgk gSA jktuhfrK bls egt lkft”k dgdj [kkfjt dj jgs gSAa tcfd rF; ;g gS fd gokyk ekeys dh tk¡p dks nckuk vkSj blds ifj.kkeLo:i jktuhfrKksa dks nks’keqDr dj nsuk ¼fcuk tk¡p vkSj eqdnek pyk,½ ns”k ds f[kykQ lcls cM+h lkft”k gSA ;ksj ykWMZf”ki] eSa pqi cSBus okyk ugha gwA¡ bl ns”k ds ;qodksa dks eSa D;k eqg¡ fn[kkÅ¡xk\ ;gh fd viuh ekr`Hkwfe ds fy, yM+ks vkSj viuk etkd mM+okvks\ tufgr esa U;k; ds fy, “kh’kZ vnkyr esa vihy djks vkSj ‘kM~;a=dkjh dgs tkvks\ ugha] ;ksj ykWMZf”ki ugha! ,slk ugha gks ldrkA 19eSa tc ;g lksp jgk gw¡ fd ,slk dSls gks jgk gS\ ,sls le; esa gekjk mRlkg Hkax djus ds fy, rjg&rjg dh vQokgsa QSykbZ tk jgh gSAa bu lHkh ckrksa esa lcls [kkl ;g gksrk gS fd tSu caèkq vfèkdkfj;ksa dks êSut s * djus esa lQy gks x, gSAa dbZ rjg ds C;kSjs gesa crk, tk jgs gSAa Ýkal ds ,d i=dkj us VsyhQksu ij esjk baVjO;w fd;k vkSj fQj eq>s lwfpr fd;k fd ,d MkWDVj caly ¼vfuoklh Hkkjrh;½ dks [kkl rkSj ls Hkkjr cqyk;k x;k gS] rkfd ;g ,d egÙoiw.kZ gLrh dks êSut s * dj ldsAa fons”kksa esa tks dqN gks jgk gS] mlls tqMh+ lwpuk,sa Hkh nh tk jgh gSAa eSa bu ckrksa ij ;dhu ugha djrk] ij rHkh dksbZ fons”kh xqIrpj ,tsl a h eq>s Qksu djrh gS vkSj iwNrh gS fd D;k bl êSut s * djus dh xfrfofèk;ksa ds lcwr [kjhnus dh dher eSa pqdk ldrk gwSaA esjs ikl bu lcwrksa dks [kjhnus vkSj fQj mudh lR;rk dh tk¡p djus ds fy, lalkèku ugha gSAa ij ftlds fufgr LokFkZ gksx a s vkSj ftlds ikl lalkèkuksa dh deh ugha 168

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

gS] og blls ugha fgpdsxkA mnkgj.k ds fy, tSu caèkqvksa ds O;kikfjd izfr}a}h ;k mu dEifu;ksa ds izfr}a}h] ftudk os izfrfufèkRo djrs gS]a bl ekSds dk iwjk Qk;nk mBk,sx a As eSa mEehn djrk gw¡ vkSj pkgrk gw¡ fd ;g lc xyr gksA D;ksfa d] vxj ;g lgh gS] rks ns”k ds fy, fQj dksbZ mEehn ugha cphA 20;ksj ykWMZf”ki! eq>s vc Hkh mEehn gS fd vki dqN djsx a As eSua s lh-ch-vkbZ- ds vanj vkSj ckgj ns”k ds dqN iqfyl vQljksa ls ckr dh gS] tks iwjs ekeys dh tk¡p djuk pkgrs gSAa eSa tkurk gw¡ fd ;s bZekunkj vQlj fdlh dh èkedh vkfn ls ugha Mjsx a As vxj vki muds uke tkuuk pkgs]a rks lwph vkids ikl Hksth tk ldrh gSA bu bZekunkj vkbZ-ih-,l- vQljksa dh ,d fo”ks’k tk¡p Vhe cukbZ tk ldrh gS] rkfd ^reke ?kksVkyksa dk fljekSj* gokyk ?kksVkyk fcuk tk¡p fd, u jg tk,A 21;ksj ykWMZf”ki! tc izkra ksa dh iqfyl fdlh dke esa ukdke jgrh gS] rks lh-ch-vkbZ- dks cqyk;k tkrk gSA ij tc lh-ch-vkbZ- cqjh rjg ukdke jgs] rks ge jk’Vª dks D;k dgs\a D;k ;g fd ^{kek dhft,] ge vlgk; gS]a ge dkuwu dk “kklu cgky ugha dj ldrsA* ;ksj ykWMZf”ki] ,slk dSls gks ldrk gS\ fodYi gS vkSj ge tkurs gSa fd dbZ ns”kksa esa ,slh gh fLFkfr;ksa ls fuiVus ds fy, lqizhe dksVZ fyf[kr dkuwu ls vkxs xbZ gSA gekjs ns”k dks vkt ,sls fuHkhZd dne dh cgqr vko”;drk gSA 22;ksj ykWMZf”ki! eSa ugha le>rk fd ns”k esa jktuhfrd vfLFkjrk dks ysdj fpafrr gksus dh t:jr gSA vxj buesa ls dqN ntZu usrk tsy pys tk,sx a ]s rks 100 vU; cslczh ls mudh txg Hkjus dk bartkj dj jgs gSAa buesa ls dqN dks ltk fn, cxSj fLFkfr dk fcxM+uk #dsxk ugha] cfYd vkSj rst gksxkA 23;ksj ykWMZf”ki! bl i= dk izR;sd “kCn esjh Hkkoukvksa dh lgh vkSj bZekunkj vfHkO;fDr gSA bldk mís”; ekr`Hkwfe dh lsok djuk gSA fQj Hkh vxj vkidks yxrk gS fd Li’V ckr dgdj eSua s U;k;ikfydk ij ^ncko* %

169

170

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

fdlh dkuwu dk mYya?ku fd;k gS] rks eSa ltk Hkqxrus ds fy, rS;kj gw¡A vxj vki ,slk ugha ekurs] rks Ñi;k eq>s vk”khokZn nhft,] tSls vki vius csVs dks bZekunkj] fuMj vkSj ns”kHkDr gksus ds fy, nsrAs eSa bl ns”k dks Lora= djkus ds fy,] izk.kksa dh vkgqfr nsus okys “kghnksa dk ueu djrk gw¡ vkSj vkidk lEeku djrk gw¡A 24,d ckj fQj] eSa bl ns”k ds yk[kksa ;qodksa dh vksj ls gkFk tksMd + j vkils fourh djrk gw¡ fd bl ekSds dks gkFk ls tkus er nhft,] ojuk vkus okyh ihf<+;k¡ gesa ekQ ugha djsx a hA lèkU;okn vkidk fouhr ukjk;.k ;g i= 13 tqykbZ 97 dks lka; 4 cts esjs lg;ksxh ds”ko dqekj Hkkjr ds eq[; U;k;kèkh”k o ckdh U;k;kèkh”kksa ds fuokl ij ns vk,A mlh fnu nsj “kke gokyk dsl dh iSjoh dj jgs ofj’B odhy Jh vfuy nhoku us eq>ls Qksu ij >Yykdj iwNk fd D;k rqeus eq[; U;k;kèkh”k dks dksbZ i= fy[kk gSA mÙkj ^gk¡* esa ikdj os dkQh vkx&ccwyk gq, vkSj mUgksua s bl i= dh izfr rqjra Hkstus dks dgkA esjs lg;ksxh jtuh”k diwj tc ;g i= nsus Jh nhoku ds ?kj uhfrckx igq¡p]s rks mUgsa ;g ns[kdj gSjkuh gqbZ fd blh chp eq[; U;k;kèkh”k egksn; dh ljdkjh xkM+h Hkh ogk¡ igq¡ph gqbZ FkhA mudk Mªkboj Jh nhoku ds fy, ,d fo”ks’k fyQkQk ysdj vk;k FkkA tkfgj Fkk fd esjs i= us cqyVs dk dke fd;k FkkA blhfy, eq[; U;k;kèkh”k us gekjs odhy Jh nhoku ls gh lcls igys lEidZ fd;kA mUgsa loksPZ p vnkyr us gokyk dsl esa ^,fedl D;wjh* fu;qDr dj j[kk FkkA tc ls eSua s fnYyh mPp U;k;ky; ds gokyk QSlys dks loksZPp U;k;ky; esa pqukSrh nsus dh ?kks’k.kk dh] rc ls eq>s yxkrkj U;k;ikfydk ij ^ncko* %

171

Qksu ij èkefd;k¡ nh tk jgh Fkha] D;ksfa d vc ;g fcYdqy lkQ gks pqdk Fkk fd tSu&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM djus ls ysdj mls mlds rkfdZd ifj.kke rd ys tkus esa flQZ ,d gh O;fDr vM+k gqvk Fkk& tks nqHkkZX; ls eSa gh FkkA èkefd;k¡ u lquuh iM+Aas blfy, ge izk;% gj jkr dks vius Qksu dk fjlhoj mrkj nsrs FksA jfookj dh ml jkr dks Hkh ge fjlhoj mrkj dj lks x,A vxyh lqcg tc fjlhoj okil j[kk] rks Jh nhoku dk Qksu vk;kA os dkQh >q> a yk, gq, FksA esjk i= os i<+ pqds FksA Jh nhoku us QkSju ?kj vkus dks dgkA os ;g i= fy[kus ds fy, eq> ij csgn cjlsA eSua s mUgsa fouezrk ls le>kus dh dksf”k”k dh fd bl dne ls eSua s ,d lkèkkj.k ukxfjd dk nnZ U;k;ikfydk ds izeq[k rd igq¡pkus dk iz;kl fd;k gS] tks Li’Vr% jk’Vªfgr esa gSA bldk mís”; mu eqíksa ij fpark trkuk gS] ftuls ;g Li’V gksrk gS fd gokyk dsl dks O;ofLFkr rjhds ls nck;k tk jgk gSA eSua s Jh nhoku dks ;kn fnyk;k fd fiNys dqN eghuksa esas tc Hkh eSua s U;k;kèkh”kksa ls vokafNr yksxksa ds feyus ls lacfa èkr dqN tkudkjh mUgsa nsuh pkgh] rks mUgksua s eq>s ;g dgdj [kkeks”k dj fn;k Fkk fd U;k;kèkh”kksa ds ckjs esa ,slh ckr er djksA tcfd lPPkkbZ ogh Fkh] tks eSa Jh nhoku dks crk jgk FkkA blhfy, eq>s etcwj gksdj lhèks i= fy[kuk iM+kA esjh ckr lqudj Jh nhoku us tksj&tksj ls fpYykuk “kq: dj fn;k vkSj eq> ij ckj&ckj i= okil ysus ds fy, ncko Mkyk vFkok eq>ls gokyk dsl ls viuk uke okil ysus dks dgkA eSua s fouezrk ls nksuksa gh ckrksa ds fy, euk dj fn;kA Jh nhoku us psrkouh nh fd eq>s vnkyr dh voekuuk djus ds vkjksi esa mlh fnu tsy Hkst fn;k tk,xkA fcuk fopfyr gq, eSua s dgk] ^jk’Vªfgr esa yM+rs gq, ;fn eq>s tsy Hkh tkuk iM+]s rks dksbZ gtZ ughaA vkf[kj vktknh ds nhokus Hkh rks fdruh ckj tsy x, FksA gj gkyr esa lPpkbZ lkeus vkuh pkfg,A* 172

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

;g lc xekZxehZ lkseokj 14 tqykbZ 1997 dh lqcg lok lkr ls lk<s+ vkB cts ds chp gqbZA ogk¡ ls mBdj eSa vius odhy fe= ohds- vksgjh ds ?kj x;k vkSj mUgsa lkjk o`Ùkkar lquk;kA mUgksua s ges”kk dh rjg gkSlyk c<+k;k vkSj eq>ls vius bl uSfrd dne ij vM+s jgus dh lykg nhA blds rqjra ckn eSua s bafM;u ,Dlizl s dh ofj’B laoknnkrk lqJh _rq ljhu dks Qksu fd;kA esjk mís”; dqN izeq[k i=dkjksa dks ?kVuk dh tkudkjh nsuk Fkk] rkfd lun jgsA Jh dqynhi uS;j o Jh Hkkjr Hkw’k.k dks Hkh Qksu fd;k] ij os ?kj ij ugha FksA eSua s lqJh ljhu dks lkjk ?kVukØe dg lquk;k vkSj lkFk gh ;g Hkh dgk fd vkt nksigj tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM dh lquokbZ ds nkSjku loksZPp U;k;ky; esa dqN vlkekU; ?kVuk ?kV ldrh gSS ;k eSa tsy Hkstk tk ldrk gw¡A mlh nksigj 2 cts ekuuh; U;k;ewfrZx.k us vius Åij iM+ jgs ^ncko* dk jgL;ksn~?kkVu fd;kA mudh bl LohdkjksfDr us lkjs ns”k dks LrCèk dj fn;kA ns”k ds le>nkj yksx mlh fnu le> x, fd tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM esa vc dqN ugha gksxkA

U;k;ikfydk ij ^ncko* %

173

174

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

18 Hkkjr ds eq[; U;k;kèkh”k us ns”k dks xqejkg fd;k eq[; U;k;kèkh”k ts-,l- oekZ us 14 tqykbZ 1997 dks Hkjh vnkyr esa dgk fd gokyk ekeys esa mu ij] ^tcjnLr ckgjh ncko gSA* Jh oekZ us dgk fd bl ekeys ls gkFk [khapus ds fy, mu ij ;g ncko Mkyk x;k gS] ij os ihNs gVus okys ugha gSAa ;gh csp a bl dsl dh lquokbZ djsxhA Jh oekZ us dgk fd ^ckgjh ncko dk [kqyklk djus dk oDr vk x;k gSA* mUgksua s dgk fd ^bl ekeys ls gkFk [khapus ds fy, dkQh le; ls ncko iM+ jgk gSA ysfdu geesa ls dksbZ ihNs ugha gVsxkA gj izdkj dh ?kVuk,¡ gks jgh gSAa yksx ge rd igq¡pus dh dksf”k”k dj jgs gSAa ,d O;fDr us eq>ls feyus dh dksf”k”k dhA ogh O;fDr U;k;ewfrZ Jh ,l-lh- lsu ls feykA Jh lsu dkQh uoZl gSAa eSua s muls bl ckr dks Hkwy tkus dks dgk gSA ge lkQ dj nsuk pkgrs gSa fd gokyk tk¡p dh fuxjkuh tkjh jgsxh] ftlls fu’i{krk lqfuf”pr gks ldsA* eq[; U;k;kèkh”k us ;g Hkh dgk fd og O;fDr ml le; vnkyr esa cSBk Hkh gqvk FkkA eq[; U;k;kèkh”k dk ;g c;ku vke vkneh dks lquus esa dkQh cgknqjh Hkjk yxkA ns”k ds Vsyhfotu pSuyksa vkSj v[kckjksa us bls eq[; [kcj cuk;kA ij tks ckr lcdks [kVdh] og ;g fd brus laons u’khy ekeys esa eq[; U;k;kèkh”k dks bl rjg izHkkfor dj dkuwu dh izfØ;k esa n[kyvankth djus okys dk uke D;ksa ugha mtkxj fd;k x;k\ Hkkjr ds dkuwuh bfrgkl esa loksZPp vnkyr dh lcls cM+h voekuuk ds nks’kh bl vijkèkh dks ltk D;ksa ugha nh xbZ\ tcfd ehfM;k] laln] cqf)thfo;ksa o loksZPp U;k;ky; dh ckj

Hkkjr ds eq[; U;k;k/kh”k ts-,l-oekZ us---- %

175

dkmafly rd us tksjnkj “kCnksa esa eq[; U;k;kèkh”k ls ,slk djus dh ek¡x ckj&ckj dhA njvly] ;g ckr cgqr de yksxksa dks ekywe gS fd eq[; U;k;kèkh”k dh bl LohdkjksfDr ds ihNs esjs i= dk ncko FkkA ojuk tks ckr os brus eghuksa ls nck, cSBs Fks] mls vpkud esjs psrkouh Hkjs i= dks i<+us ds ckn mtkxj djus dh D;k t:jr vk iM+h Fkh\ 14 tqykbZ 1997 dh lqcg tc Jh nhoku us eq>ls ;g dgk fd ^rqEgkjs i= esa rks U;k;kèkh”kksa dh rjQ maxyh mB jgh gS^] rks eSua s rqjra Lohdkj fd;k fd gk¡] ;g lp gSA eq>s iwjh tkudkjh gS fd U;k;kèkh”kksa ls voSèk laidZ fd, tk jgs gSAa tc dqN eghus igys eSua s vkidks vkxkg fd;k Fkk] rks vkius bls lquus ls Hkh budkj dj fn;k FkkA ij eSa pqi ugha cSBkA yxkrkj ihNs yxk jgkA mlh vkèkkj ij eSua s ;g i= fy[kk gSA vxj eq[; U;k;kèkh”k ;g lPpkbZ lcds lkeus ugha [kksyrs] rks eSa pqi cSBus okyk ugha g¡Aw ;g lqudj Jh nhoku <hys iM+ x,A tkfgj gS fd mUgksua s rqjra eq[; U;k;kèkh”k dks gekjh bl ckrphr dh lwpuk nh gksxh] D;ksfa d os fiNyh “kke ls gh bl i= dks ysdj fopfyr FksA ;g Hkh lkQ gS fd eq[; U;k;kèkh”k us muls dqN djus dks dgk gksxk ojuk Jh nhoku dks dSls irk pyk fd eSua s ;g i= eq[; U;k;kèkh”k dks Hkstk gS\ i= izkIr djrs gh eq[; U;k;kèkh”k dk Jh nhoku ds ?kj viuh xkM+h esa [kkl lan”s k Hkstuk vkSj Jh nhoku dk QkSju eq> ij ph[kuk&fpYykuk “kq: dj nsuk] nksuksa ds ikjLifjd lapkj dh iqf’V djrk gSA 14 tqykbZ dks vnkyr esa fd, x, jgL;ksn~?kkVu o eq[; U;k;kèkh”k ds oDrO;ksa dk vxj cqf)ekuh ls fo’ys’k.k fd;k tk,] rks fLFkfr vkSj Hkh lkQ gks tkrh gSA iz”u gS fd dksbZ Hkh O;fDr eq[; U;k;kèkh”k ;k lg;ksxh U;k;kèkh”kksa ij ncko dSls Mky ldrk gS\ igys rks muds lqj{kk ?ksjs vkSj lfpoksa dh ethZ ds fcuk dksbZ mu rd igq¡p gh ugha ldrkA ;fn dksbZ izfrf’Br ;k izHkko”kkyh O;fDr] O;fDrxr lEcaèkksa ds vkèkkj ij ,slk djus esa lQy Hkh gks tkrk gS] 176

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

rks og ncko dSls Mkysxk\ ;fn Mkysxk] rks Hkkjr ds eq[; U;k;kèkh”k dks ;g dgus esa dksbZ ladksp ugha gksuk pkfg, fd os dkuwu ds ekeys esa dksbZ n[kyvankth ilan ugha djsx a As bl ij Hkh ;fn og u ekus] rks mls èkedk dj ?kj ;k n¶rj ls ckgj tkus dk jkLrk fn[kk;k tk ldrk gSA brus ij Hkh dksbZ vM+k jgs] rks mls rqjra vnkyr dh voekuuk ds vkjksi esa tsy Hkstk tk ldrk gSA vk”p;Z gS fd U;k;kèkh”kksa ij ^yxkrkj ncko* dSls iM+rk jgkA tkfgj gS fd mUgksua s blesa ls ,d Hkh dne ugha mBk;kA rHkh ml O;fDr dh ,slh fgEer cuh jgh vkSj og yxkrkj feyrk&tqyrk jgkA fQj ;g ncko dSls gqvk\ vke rkSj ij bl rjg ^,izkp s * djus okyk O;fDr dsl esa <hy Mkyus dh ckr rks dg ldrk gS] ij eq[; U;k;kèkh”k dk ;g dguk fd ;g O;fDr tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj& vkradokn&gokyk dkaM dh lquokbZ dj jgh csp a ls mUgsa gVus dks dg jgk Fkk] xys ugha mrjrkA ,slk dgdj eq[; U;k;kèkh”k Jh oekZ us loksZPp U;k;ky; ds ckdh U;k;kèkh”kksa dh o loksZPp U;k;ky; dh Hkkjh voekuuk dh gSA bldk eryc rks ;g gqvk fd ;g O;fDr dsoy gokyk csp a dh lquokbZ dj jgs rhu U;k;kèkh”kksa dh ^bZekunkjh* ls ijs”kku Fkk] fdarq ckdh ds U;k;kèkh”kksa ls mls dksbZ [krjk ugha FkkA blhfy, og Jh oekZ dh csp a dks gVokuk pkgrk FkkA ;g ogh loksZPp U;k;ky; gS] tks viuh voekuuk ds vkjksi esa fdlh dks ugha c[“krkA NksVh&NksVh ckr ij rqud dj vkbZ-,-,lvQljksa o eq[;eaf=;ksa rd ij voekuuk dk uksfVl tM+us okyk loksZPp U;k;ky; brus cM+s vijkèkh dks vkt rd D;ksa fNik, cSBk gS\ eq[; U;k;kèkh”k dh bl vizR;kf”kr ?kks’k.kk ls lkjk jk’Vª LrCèk jg x;kA loksZPp U;k;ky; dh ckj dkmafly us izLrko ikl dj eq[; U;k;kèkh”k ls vihy dh fd os bl vijkèkh dk uke tx tkfgj djsa vkSj mls ltk nsAa laln vkSj ehfM;k esa Hkh bl rjg dh Hkkjr ds eq[; U;k;k/kh”k ts-,l-oekZ us---- %

177

ek¡x dh xbZ] D;ksfa d eq[; U;k;kèkh”k ds bl oDrO; ls Hkkjr dh U;k;ikfydk dh lk[k ij cêk yxkA iwjh nqfu;k esa bls ysdj ftKklk O;Dr dh xbZA ns”k dh xfy;ksa esa ppkZ gksus yxh fd tc Hkkjr dh loksPZ p vnkyr ij gokyk dkaM dks nckus ds fy, yxkrkj ncko Mkyk tk ldrk gS] rks fQj gkbZdksVZ vkSj fupyh vnkyrksa dh D;k fclkr\ odhy oh-dsvksgjh us Hkkjr ds eq[; U;k;kèkh”k o muds lg;ksxh U;k;ewfrZ ,l-lh- lsu ds uke ,d [kqyk i= fy[kk vkSj mlds ipsZ Niokdj fnYyh dh NksVh&cM+h lHkh vnkyrksa esa caVok,A i= bl izdkj Fkk % 19 tqykbZ 1997 ekuuh; U;k;ewfrZ Jh ts-,l- oekZ] ekuuh; U;k;ewfrZ Jh ,l-lh- lsu Hkkjr dk loksZPp U;k;ky; ubZ fnYyh

ekuuh; U;k;ewfrZx.k] gokyk dsl esa vki ij iM+ jgs ncko dh ckr vkils lqudj dkuwu ds is”ks ls tqMs+ ge lc yksx vokd~ gSAa jk’Vª ls viuh fpark ck¡Vus dh fgEer djus ds fy, ge vkids vkHkkjh gSAa fdarq vkids jgL;ksn~?kkVu us vke turk ds eu esa fuEu loky [kMss+ d s j fn, gSAa 1ekU;oj] vki ij ;g ncko dcls iM+uk “kq: gqvk \ 2og O;fDr dkSu Fkk@Fks\ 3ekU;oj] vkius ml O;fDr@O;fDr;ksa dh fxj¶rkjh ds vkns”k rqjra gh D;ksa ugha fn,\ D;k ,sls vijkèkh dks Lora= NksMu+ k mfpr gS\ 4ekU;oj] vkius jk’Vª ds lEeq[k tks viuh fpark vc O;Dr dh gS og rHkh D;ksa ugha dh tc ;g ncko iM+uk “kq: gqvk Fkk\ 178

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

5ekU;oj] D;k ;g O;fDr vkids fuokl ij vk;k Fkk ;k mlus vkidks fdlh LFkku ij U;kSrk fn;k Fkk \ 6ekU;oj] ml O;fDr ls vkidh fdruh ckj vkSj fdruh yEch cSBdsa gqb± \ 7bu cSBdksa esa ppkZ dk fo’k; D;k jgk \ 8ekU;oj] vkius Bhd gh dgk gS fd gokyk ekeys esa vki fdlh ncko ds vkxs ugha >qdx as As ij tks ckr gesa dpksVrh gS og ;g fd D;k otg gS fd vki U;k;ewfrZx.kksa dh fu;fer pkSdlh ds ckotwn gokyk ekeys esa vDVwcj 1996 ds ckn jÙkh Hkj izxfr ugha gqbZ\ 9ekU;oj] vkijkfèkd dkuwu ds {ks= esa fiNys nks n”kd ds vius vuqHko ds vkèkkj ij eSa lkfèkdkj dg ldrk gw¡ fd gokyk ekeys esa fnYyh mPp U;k;ky; dk ;g fu.kZ; vk?kkriw.kZ gSA 8 vizSy 1997 dks fnYyh mPp U;k;ky; }kjk fn;k x;k fu.kZ; csgn vViVk o vlkekU; gSA bl fu.kZ; ls Jh oh-lh- “kqDy] Jh ,y-dsvkMok.kh o tSu caèkqvksa dks vkjksieqDr dj fn;k x;k FkkA vk”p;Z gS fd ,slk fu.kZ; ekuuh; U;k;ewfrZ eksgEen “kehe us fn;kA loksZPp U;k;ky; ds U;k;kèkh”kksa ij iM+ jgs ncko dh pkaSdk nsus okyh ?kks’k.kk ds ckn ns”k ds tkx:d ukxfjd fnYyh mPp U;k;ky; ds bl fu.kZ; dks ysdj LoHkkfod :i ls fpafrr gSAa vycÙkk U;k;ewfrZ “kehe us ,slk dksbZ oDrO; ugha fn;k vkSj u gh os fdlh ncko esa vk, gksx a As ij egÙoiw.kZ iz”u ;g gS fd tks yksx loksZPp U;k;ky; ds U;k;èkh”kksa ij ncko Mkyus dh dksf”k”k dj ldrs gSa D;k mUgksua s U;k;ewfrZ “kehe ij ncko Mkyus dh dksbZ dksf”k”k ugha dh gksxh\ ;g fLFkfr Hkh cM+h lkoèkkuh ls laHkkyh tkuh pkfg,A ekU;oj] dkuwuh is”ks o i=dkfjrk ls tqMs+ ge o ns”k ds tkx:d ukxfjd vkids lkFk gSAa ge U;k;ikfydk esa fdlh Hkh gLr{ksi dks cnkZ”r ugha djsx a As gokyk ekeys ds “kq#vkrh nkSj esa vkids l”kDr Hkkjr ds eq[; U;k;k/kh”k ts-,l-oekZ us---- %

179

rsojksa us U;k;kf;d izfØ;k dks vHkwriwoZ Å¡pkb;ksa rd igq¡pk fn;k FkkA djksMk+ as Hkkjroklh gokyk dkaM ls cgqr mEehn yxkdj cSBs gSAa fo”o ehfM;k o varjkZ’Vªh; U;k;kf;d leqnk; Hkh cM+h mRlqdrk ls Hkkjrh; yksdra= ds bl vk;ke ij fuxkg yxk, cSBk gSA bl ifjçs{; esa ;g vR;ar egÙoiw.kZ gS fd 12 tqykbZ ds Jh fouhr ukjk;.k ds i= esa mBk, x, lHkh eqíksa ij xaHkhjrk ls vkSj rsth ls fopkj fd;k tk,A rkfd gokyk dkaM ds vijkèkh NwV u ik;saA ekU;oj] ;g rks vki Hkh ekurs gh gksx a s fd gokyk dsoy Hkz’Vkpkj dk gh ugha cfYd ns”knzkgs dk dkaM gSA ;fn bl dkaM esa “kkfey yksx] loksZPp U;k;ky; dh fuxjkuh ds ckotwn NwV tkrs gSa rks ns”k esa Hkkjh vO;oLFkk QSy tk,xhA fQj rks ekfQ;k gj vkykspuk ls csijokg gksdj ns”k ywVx s k vkSj vke yksxksa dks izrkfM+r djsxkA ekU;oj] vki ,slh fLFkfr ugha vkus ns ldrsA ;|fi gokyk dsl esa cgqr&lk le; ukgd cckZn gks pqdk gS fQj Hkh ;fn le;c) rjhds ls dke fd;k tk, rks vc Hkh dkQh dqN gkfly fd;k tk ldrk gSA blds fy, dkuwu dk lEeku djus okys lHkh Hkkjrh; ukxfjd vkids _.kh jgsx a As ln~Hkkoukvksa lfgr Hkonh; oh-dsvksgjh ,MoksdVs ] 236 ifV;kyk gkml dksVZ] ubZ fnYyh ;gk¡ eSa fouezrk ls ;g ntZ djkuk pkgrk gw¡ fd vxj vius i= esa rFkkdfFkr ^ncko* Mkyus okys O;fDr ds uke dk b”kkjk u djrk vkSj bl ckr dk [kqyklk djus dh psrkouh u nsrk] rks “kk;n ns”k dks irk gh u pyrk fd tSu gokyk dsl dSls dky ds xky esa lek 180

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

x;kA ftl le; eSua s ;g i= fy[kus dk tksf[ke mBk;k ml le; esjs eu esa “kk;n oSlk gh tquuw Fkk tks “kghns vkte Hkxr flag th o cVqd”s oj nÙk th ds eu esa rc Fkk tc mUgksua s vlsEcyh esa ce ds lkFk ipsZ Qsd a s Fks] ;g dgrs gq, fd] ^cgjksa dks lqukus ds fy, Å¡ph vkokt dh t:jr gksrh gS*A bl ipsZ eas mUgksua s vkxs fy[kk Fkk] ^bu csgn mÙkstd ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa ^fgUnqLrku lektoknh iztkra= la?k* us iw.kZ xaHkhjrk ds lkFk viuk mÙkjnkf;Ro vuqHko djrs gq, viuh lsuk dks ;g dk;Z djus dk vkns”k fn;k gS] ftlls dkuwu dk ;g viekutud etkd can gksA fons”kh ljdkj dh iks’kd ukSdj”kkgh pkgs tks djs] ijarq mldk uXu :i rks turk ds lkeus ykuk cgqr vko”;d gSA* QdZ bruk gh Fkk fd Hkxr flag th ds lkFk ,d cgqr cM+k laxBu Fkk] tcfd eSua s fcuk fdlh lkaxBfud rS;kjh ds gh ;g tksf[ke mBkus dk nqLlkgl fd;kA vkradokfn;ksa ls tqMs+ gokyk dkaM ds ,d egRoiw.kZ vijkèkh dks] lkjs ns”k ls mBh ek¡x dh mis{kk djrs gq,] tc U;k;ewfrZ Jh oekZ us ljsvke laj{k.k fn;k] rks muds bl joS;s ls [khtdj eq>s dqN vkSj dM+s dne mBkus iM+]s rkfd dkuwu dh j{kk gks ldsA esjh tkudkjh ds vuqlkj U;k;ewfrZ ,l-lh- lsu ls feyus okyk o eq[; U;k;kèkh”k ts-,l- oekZ ij rFkkdfFkr ncko Mkyus okyk O;fDr MkW- tkSyh caly FkkA ftlls tSu caèkqvksa dh fe=rk frgkM+ tsy esa mudh fxj¶rkjh ds nkSjku gqbZ FkhA tgk¡ MkW- caly Hkh fnYyh ds ik¡p flrkjk dfu’d gksVy esa ,d èkuk<~; O;fDr dh pkdqvksa ls xksndj gR;k djus vkSj mlds ^xksYM ØSfMV dkMZ* ysdj Qjkj gksus ds vkjksi esa ltk dkV jgk FkkA fnYyh dh vkyh”kku dkWyksuh xzVs j dSyk”k dk fuoklh 30&35 o’khZ; MkW- caly NksVs dn] xksjs jax vkSj rh[ks u;u&u[“k okyk ,d vkd’kZd ukStoku Fkk] tks dbZ ns”kksa ds mPpkj.k ls vaxzt s h cksyus esa ekfgj FkkA ;s MkW- caly lqjUs æ tSu ds HkkbZ ,u-ds- tSu ds lkFk 1996&97 esa loksZPp vnkyr esa gokyk dkaM dh lquokbZ ds Hkkjr ds eq[; U;k;k/kh”k ts-,l-oekZ us---- %

181

182

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

nkSjku vkdj cSBus yxk FkkA mu fnuksa MkW- tkSyh caly cf<+;k lwV igudj muds lkFk fu;fer vnkyr vkus yxk FkkA mls ns[kdj dqN i=dkjksa dks Hkh cgqr mRlqdrk gqbZA 14 tqykbZ 1997 dks tc eq[; U;k;kèkh”k ts-,l- oekZ us ;g dgk fd mu ij ncko Mkyus okyk og O;fDr ml le; vnkyr esa cSBk Hkh gqvk Fkk] rc MkW- tkSyh caly ogha vnkyr eas ekStnw FkkA ij vnkyr esa gq, bl jgL;ksn?~ kkVu ds ckn mlus ?kcjkdj vnkyr vkuk can dj fn;kA tc ns”k esa pkjksa vksj ls U;k;ikfydk ij ^ncko* Mkyus okys vijkèkh dks idM+ dj ltk nsus dh ek¡x dh tk jgh Fkh rks MkW- caly us ns”k NksMd + j Hkkxus dh dksf”k”k dhA mYys[kuh; gS fd vijkfèk;ksa ds izR;kiZ.k ds ekeys esa tks varZjk’Vªh; djkj gS] mlds rgr vnkyr dh voekuuk djds ns”k ls Hkkxs vijkèkh dks idM+dj okil lkSia us dk izkoèkku ugha gSA blfy, vxj MkW- caly yanu igq¡p tkrk rks mldk dqN fcxkM+k ugha tk ldrkA tSls gh eq>s bl ;kstuk dk irk pyk geus vius lhfer lkèkuksa ls mlds pkjksa rjQ [kqfQ;k tky fcNk;kA blesa eSua s ,u-Mh-Vhoh ds iz.k; jk; o bafM;u ,Dlizl s dh _rq ljhu dh Hkh enn yhA bu nksuksa ls eSua s viuh dSejk Vhe o QksVksxzkQj dks Hkstus dk vuqjksèk fd;k] rkfd ge jkrHkj dqN laons u”khy dojst dj ldsAa nksuksa us rqjra lg;ksx fd;k vkSj esjs vkxzg ij eq>ls ;g iwNus dh ftn ugha dh fd eSa D;k dojst djus okyk gw¡A muds bl lg;ksx dk eSa vkHkkjh gw¡A mèkj eSua s 29 tqykbZ 1997 dh lqcg 10-30 cts vfuy nhoku dks jtuh”k ds ekQZr ,d can fyQkQk HkstkA ftlesa muls vuqjksèk fd;k x;k fd os QkSju eq[; U;k;kèkh”k dks xqIr lwpuk nsdj MkW- caly dks ns”k NksMu+ s ls #dok,sAa ftl rjg dk laokn eq[; U;k;kèkh”k o vfuy nhoku ds chp mu fnukas py jgk Fkk mlds vkèkkj ij ,slk ugha gks ldrk fd Jh nhoku us ;g lwpuk eq[; U;k;kèkh”k dks u nh gksA tks Hkh gks] irk ugha dSls gekjs bl xksiuh; lan”s k dk lqjkx MkW- caly dks yx Hkkjr ds eq[; U;k;k/kh”k ts-,l-oekZ us---- %

183

x;kA mlus >a>V ls cpus ds fy, 29 tqykbZ 1997 dks nksigj nks cts vpkud viuh ,vj ykbal dh dUQeZ cqfdax jí djok nhA eSua s 31 tqykbZ 1997 dks Hkkjr ds egkU;k;oknh v”kksd ,pnslkbZ dks ,d i= fy[kdj vnkyr dh voekuuk djus okys ds f[kykQ dkuwuh dkjZokbZ “kq# djus dh vuqefr ek¡xhA D;ksfa d loksZPp vnkyr dh voekuuk vfèkfu;e ds rgr mldh ;gh izfØ;k gSA eSua s Jh nslkbZ dks 24 ?k.Vs ds vanj tokc nsus dk vuqjksèk fd;kA blh fnu “kke 5 cts fnYyh ds jQh ekxZ fLFkr foëy HkkbZ iVsy Hkou ds ykWu ij ,d laoknnkrk lEesyu cqykdj izl s vkSj Vhoh ds i=dkjksa dks vius ml i= dh izfr ck¡Vh tks v”kksd ,pnslkbZ dks dqN nsj igys gh Hkstk FkkA i=dkjksa us MkW- tkSyh caly ds ckjs esa vfrfjDr tkudkjh pkgh vkSj esjs vkjksi dk vkèkkj Hkh tkuuk pkgkA rks eSua s muls dgk fd igys vki eq[; U;k;kèkh”k egksn; ls iwNAas ;fn os euk djsa fd mu ij rFkkdfFkr ncko Mkyus okyk O;fDr MkW- tkSyh caly ugha gS rks vki muls ;g Hkh iwNas fd vxj ;g ugha gS rks dkSu gS \ blds ckn vki esjs ikl vk,sAa pwfa d tqykbZ 1997 ds vkf[kjh nks g¶rksa esa loksZPp U;k;ky; dh izfØ;k esa vkijkfèkd n[ky nsus okys O;fDr ds uke dks ysdj v[kckjksa esa vVdyksa dk cktkj xeZ Fkk blfy, Vhoh vkSj izl s us bl [kcj dks izeq[krk nhA mèkj Hkkjr ds egkU;k;oknh v”kksd ,p- nslkbZ us esjh ;kfpdk feyus ds 24 ?kaVs ds Hkhrj gh 1 vxLr dh nksigj 1-11 cts eq>s ,d QSDl HkstkA ftlesa mUgksua s ;g LohÑfr iznku djus esa vleFkZrk O;Dr dhA rc eSua s Hkkjr ds egk&lkfyflVj Vh-vkjvaftvk:ftuk dks 4 vxLr 1997 dks blh fdLe dk ,d i= HkstkA ftlesa muls loksZPp vnkyr dh voekuuk djus okys ds f[kykQ dkuwuh dkjZokbZ “kq# djus dh vuqefr ek¡xhA mUgksua s Hkh 24 ?kaVs ds Hkhrj QSDl o i= Hkstdj ;g vuqefr nsus esa vleFkZrk trkbZA 184

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

loksZPp vnkyr dh voekuuk vfèkfu;e ds rgr ;gh izfØ;k gS fd ;k rks vnkyr gh Lo;a ,sls vijkèkh ds fo#) rqjra dkjZokbZ djs ;k ,slh dkjZokbZ ds fy, fnu fuèkkZfjr djsA ml fnu rd ,sls vijkèkh dks U;k;kf;d fgjklr esa j[kus dk vkns’k ns ldrh gS ;k mls ml fnu rd ds fy, tekur ij fjgk dj ldrh gSA nwljh fLFkfr esa vnkyr Hkkjr ds egkU;k;oknh ;k fQj Hkkjr ds egk&lkfyflVj dh ;kfpdk ij ,sls vijkèkh ds fo#) dkuwuh dkjZokbZ dj ldrh gS ;k fQj loksZPp vnkyr rc dkjZokbZ “kq: djs tcfd vnkyr dh voekuuk djus okys ds fo#) dkjZokbZ djokus ds fy, dksbZ Hkh ukxfjd egkU;k;oknh ;k Hkkjr ds egk&lkfyflVj dks fyf[kr vkosnu djs ij mUgksua s ,slk ugha fd;kA U;k; O;oLFkk ls tqMs+ lHkh yksxksa ds fy, ;g Hkkjh fparu dk fo”k; gksuk pkfg,A D;ksfa d tc Hkkjr ds eq[; U;k;kèkh”k] Hkkjr ds egkU;k;oknh o lkfyflVj tujy tSls mPp inksa ij vklhu O;fDr brus Hkh# gks tk,sa fd loksZPp vnkyr dh bruh cM+h voekuuk ds ckotwn viuk laoSèkkfud QtZ Hkh u fuHkk,aAs u [kqn igy djsa vkSj u fdlh ukxfjd dh igy dks vkxs c<+us ns]a tc U;k; O;oLFkk esa ,sls [krjukd vijkèkh dks ltk fnyokus dk dksbZ vkSj laoSèkkfud fodYi gh u cps rks eq> tSls i=dkj vkSj tkx:d ukxfjd dks D;k djuk pkfg,\ ;g loky eSa Hkkjr ds lHkh U;k;&osÙkkvks]a U;k;ewfrZ;ksa o odhyksa ls iwNuk pkgrk gw¡A ,d rjQ rks Hkkjr ds egkU;k;oknh o lkfyflVj tujy tSls cM+s inksa ij cSBus okys yksx lafoèkku dh j{kk dh “kiFk ysrs gS]a rks nwljh rjQ ,slk xSj&dkuwuh] ns”knzkgs iw.kZ vkSj dk;jkuk dke dSls dj ikrs gS\a D;k budh vkRek bUgsa ugha dpksVrh\ D;k viuh Å¡ph ukSdjh cpkus ds fy, ns”k ds izfr vius QtZ dks bl rjg Hkwy tkus okys] dkuwu ds j{kd dgykus ds gdnkj gS\a buls rks NksVs “kgjksa ds os odhy dgha T;knk cgknqj gSa tks rhu&pkj lkS #i, dh NksVh&NksVh Qhl ysdj xqtkjk Hkys gh djrs gks]a ij cM+h ukSdjh ds Hkkjr ds eq[; U;k;k/kh”k ts-,l-oekZ us---- %

185

fy, viuh [kqíkjh dks bl rjg fxjoh j[kuk ilan ugha djrsA vkt ns”k ds gkykr cnyus ds fy, gj dLcs vkSj “kgj esa jgus okys ,sls gh gtkjksa nenkj odhyksa dks vkxs vkuk pkfg,A ns”k Hkj ds i=dkjks]a laikndks]a v[kckj ekfydks]a jktusrkvks]a ljdkjh vQljksa vkSj deZpkfj;ks]a lkekftd dk;ZdrkZvksa o vke ukxfjdksa dks vnkyr dh voekuuk ds uke ij NksVh&NksVh ckr esa èkedkus okyh ;k ltk nsus okyh loksZPp vnkyr viuh bruh cM+h voekuuk ds ckotwn vkt rd [kkeks”k D;ksa gS\ ;g iz”u gj ukxfjd dks iwNuk pkfg,A bl ?kVuk ls lcd ysdj ns”kHkj esa vnkyr dh voekuuk vfèkfu;e dks ysdj cgl fNM+uh pkfg, Fkh] lks fNM+h HkhA bl dkuwu esa O;ogkfjd cnyko ykus ds fy, odhyksa dks vkanksyu pykuk pkfg,] rkfd yksdra= esa vnkyrsa Hkh viuh tokcnsgh ls cp u ldsAa lkFk gh ns”k ds vke ukxfjd Hkh fcuk jkx&}s”k ds] rF;ksa ds vkèkkj ij] U;k;ikfydk dh LoLFk vkykspuk djus ds fy, eqDr gks ldsAa ;fn ,slk gks lds rks blls U;k;ikfydk dk lEeku c<sx + k gh] ?kVsxk ughaA tgk¡ rd gokyk dkaM esa jktusrkvksa ds NwV tkus dk iz”u gS] rks ;g lkQ gS fd vnkyr esa eq[; U;k;kèkh”k }kjk mu ij iM+ jgs ^ncko* dks ysdj tks dqN dgk x;k] mldh i`‘BHkwfe esa cgqr dqN ,slk gS ftls ns”kokfl;ksa ls fNik;k x;k gSA ij ,d rF; rks lcds lkeus gS fd ipkl o’kZ esa ,d ls c<+dj ,d ?kksVkys] fgald okjnkrsa vkSj ns”knzkgs h dk;Z djus okyss ,d Hkh cM+s usrk dks vkt rd ltk ugha feyh] tcfd vke vkneh dks mlds NksV& s ls vijkèk ij Hkh c[“kk ugha tkrkA Li’V gS fd bl ns”k esa dkuwu dks nks rjg ls ykxw fd;k tkrk gSA vke turk ij vyx rjg ls vkSj gqDejkuksa ij nwljh rjg lsA ;g dSlk yksdra= gS] dkuwu dh utj esa lc cjkcj ugha gS\a bruk gh ugha] ts-,l- oekZ us rks lh-ch-vkbZ- dh Hkwfedk dks ysdj Hkh ns”k dks Hkzfer djus dh dksf”k”k dh gSA 30 uoEcj 1994 186

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

dks tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM dh lquokbZ ds nkSjku lh-ch-vkbZ- dh Hkwfedk dks ysdj mudh fVIi.kh Fkh] ^tks yksx dk;Zdq”kyrk ds fy, tkus tkrs gS]a os vxj <hyk&<kyk dke djus yxs]a rks vkidks eryc le> tkuk pkfg,A ;g ekuuk eqf”dy gS fd tks pht bruh lkQ gS fd mls dksbZ Fkkusnkj Hkh le> ys] og ckr bruh ;ksX; ,tsl a h dh le> esa ugha vkbZA blls bl “kd dks cy feyrk gS fd mUgsa ¼lh-ch-vkbZ-½ bl xM+cM+ ?kksVkys esa pqi jgus ds fy, fdlh us dgk gksxkA* gokyk dsl dh lquokbZ ds nkSjku 1995&96 ds “kq: ds eghuksa esa mUgksua s ntZuksa ckj lh-ch-vkbZ-] vk;dj vkSj Qsjk foHkkxksa dks mudh dksrkgh ds fy, dldj Mk¡V yxkbZA ;g ckr v[kckjksa vkSj Vsyhfotu dh lqf[kZ;ksa esa yxkrkj vkrh jghA vk”p;Ztud rks ;g gS fd vius Åij ^ncko* iM+us dk jgL;ksn~?kkVu djus ds ckn] gokyk dsl dks fcuk blds rkfdZd ifj.kke rd igq¡pk, gh can djus dh tYnckth esa tks fu.kZ; Jh oekZ dh csp a us lquk;k mlesa mUgksua s ikjLifjd fojksèkh fVIif.k;k¡ ntZ dh gSAa tgk¡ bl fu.kZ; ds “kq: esa mUgksua s lh-ch-vkbZ- o vU; tk¡p ,tsfa l;ksa ds vfèkdkfj;ksa ds dke dh iz”kalk dh jLe&vnk;xh dh gS] ogha blh fu.kZ; ds var esa os fy[krs gS]a ^jktuhfrd gLr{ksi ds dkj.k lh-ch-vkbZ- o nwljh tk¡p ,tsfa l;k¡ Bhd ls dke ugha dj ikb±A* lsokfuo`Ùk gksus ds ckn ,d lkoZtfud c;ku esa Jh oekZ us 28 vxLr 1998 dks fQj ;g ckr nksgjkbZ fd ^tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM esa lh-chvkbZ- o nwljh tk¡p ,tsfa l;ksa us dksbZ tk¡p ugha dh] ojuk ;s usrk NwV u ikrsA* Jh oekZ ls iwNk tk, fd vxj ;s ckr gS rks fQj loksZPp vnkyr us pkj o’kZ rd vnkyr ds can dejs es]a ?k.Vkas ¼bu dSejk½ lquokbZ dj dsl dh dSlh fuxjkuh dh\ D;ksa vki 1996 ls yxkrkj dgrs jgs fd vki tk¡p dh izxfr ls larq’V gS\a tk¡p esa dh tk jgh dksrkgh dh rjQ tc eSua s “kiFk i=ksa dh ekQZr ckj&ckj vkidk è;ku [khapk] rks vkius mUgsa vuns[kk D;ksa dj fn;k\ Hkkjr ds eq[; U;k;k/kh”k ts-,l-oekZ us---- %

187

dqy feykdj Jh oekZ ogh dg jgs gS]a tks eSua s vxLr 1993 esa dkypØ ohfM;ks eSxthu ds nlosa vad esa dgk Fkk ;k tks geus vDVwcj 1993 esa nkf[ky viuh tufgr ;kfpdk esa dgk Fkk] ;k tks eSa vius izl s oDrO;ksa esa 1994&95&96 esa dgrk vk jgk Fkk fd lhch-vkbZ- vkradokfn;ksa ls tqMs+ gokyk dsl dks nck, cSBh gSA xkSjryc gS fd bUgha Jh oekZ dh csp a 1994 ls 4 o’kZ rd lh-ch-vkbZo vU; tk¡p ,tsfa l;ksa ds dkedkt ij fuxjkuh j[ks gqbZ Fkh vkSj muls tk¡p esa izxfr dh lkjh fjiksVZ fu;fer :i ls vnkyr ds can dejs esa ¼bu dSejk½ lqurh jgh FkhA tc Jh oekZ Hkh Lohdkjrs gSa fd lh-ch-vkbZ- us dksbZ tk¡p gh ugha dh] rks ns”k dh lqj{kk ls tqMs+ brus egÙoiw.kZ dsl dks can djus dh tYnh mudh csp a us D;ksa fn[kkbZ\ ;g ckr vkt rd le> esa ugha vkbZA bèkj ebZ 1999 esa ,d vizR;kf”kr ?kVuk ?kVhA ogh vizoklh Mk- tkWyh caly ftlus tqykbZ 1997 esa izl s o Vh-oh- okyksa ls lkQ euk dj fn;k Fkk fd mldk U;k;ewfrZ ts-,l- oekZ o U;k;ewfrZ ,llh- lsu ls dksbZ laidZ Hkh gS] vpkud gekjs n¶rj esa vk èkedkA mldk dguk Fkk fd nks o’kZ igys tSu caèkqvksa ds fy, tfLVl oekZ o tfLVl lsu ls feydj gokyk dkaM dks [kRe djus dk nq’deZ eSua s fd;k gS] mlls esjs eu esa cgqr Xykfu gSA dkjfxy esa ukStoku ns”kHkDr ohjksa dks “kghn gksrs Vh-ohij ns[kdj esjs eu esa vius izfr ?k`.kk Hkj xbZ gSA eSa izk;f”pr djuk pkgrk gw¡A eSa lc dqN lp&lp ns”k dks crkuk pkgrk gw¡ fd eSua s o tSu caèkqvksa us loksZPp U;k;ky; ds bu nks egRoiw.kZ U;k;èkh”kksa ls feydj gokyk dsl dks dSls BaMk djok;kA ;g lqudj eSua s Mk- caly ls dgk fd bl vpkud meMs+ vijkèkcksèk dk dkj.k dkjfxy ds ohjksa dh “kgknr gS ;k tSu caèkqvksa us r; dh xbZ jde iwjh ugha nh\ mlus tksj nsdj dgk fd ,slh ckr ugha gSA [kSj Mk- caly us dkypØ ds n¶rj ds ntZuksa pDdj dkVsA ysfdu geus mls fy¶V ugha nhA tc gessa yxk fd oks okdbZ vèkhj gS rks geus dgk fd tks dqN rqeus fd;k mls vius gkFk ls 188

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

fy[kdj ykvksA mEehn ds foijhr oks bl rjg fy[kdj ys vk;k rks geus dgk fd bl lcdk ,fQMsfoV dksVZ ls jftLVj djok dj ykvksA 12 tqykbZ 1999 dks mlus ;g Hkh dj fn;kA mlus Lohdkjk fd og 30 tqykbZ 1997 dks fczfV”k ,vjost ds tgkt ls ns”k NksMd + j yanu Hkkx jgk FkkA D;ksfa d loksZPp U;k;ky; ij ncko Mkyus okys dks ltk nsus dh ek¡x ns”k esa izcy gksrh tk jgh FkhA fdarq rHkh tfLVl oekZ dh ekQZr ,u-ds- tSu dks yanu esa [kcj fey xbZ fd fouhr ukjk;.k dks ;g lwpuk fey pqdh gS vkSj og rwQku epk nsxkA tSu us fQj fookn ls cpus ds fy, rqjra Mk- caly dk fVdV jí djok fn;kA mlus vkSj Hkh reke ckrsa bl ,fQMsfoV esa dgha gSa ftuls Jh oekZ vkSj Jh lsu ds tSu caèkqvksa ls lacèa kksa dk [kqyklk gksrk gSA ;g foLQksVd “kiFk i= U;k;ewfrZ oekZ o U;k;ewfrZ lsu ij vuSfrd vkpj.k ds reke xaHkhj vkjksi yxkrk gSA blds ckotwn bu nksuksa gh U;k;/kh”kksa us Mk- caly ij ekugkuh dk eqdnek djus dk uSfrd lkgl ugha fn[kk;kA u gh loksZPp U;k;ky; esa Mk- caly ij vnkyr dh voekuuk dk dksbZ eqdnek gh dk;e fd;k x;kA blds foijhr fnYyh ds U;w ÝSM a ~l dkWyksuh esa Mk- caly dh dkj ij tkuysok geyk fd;k x;k] ij og cp x;kA ;gk¡ ;s ckr mYys[kuh; gS fd tks vkjksi eSua s 29 tqykbZ 1997 dks yxk;k Fkk mldh iqf’V 12 tqykbZ 1999 ds Mk- tkWyh caly dh LohdkjksfDr okys “kiFk i= ls gks xbZA blls T;knk lcwr vkSj vc D;k pkfg,\ ,d g~n; jksx fo”ks’kK “kiFk i= ds ekè;e ls dg jgk gSA dksbZ lM+d pyrk ughaA fQj Hkh eSua s ,d vkSj iz;ksx djuk pkgk rks jtuh”k ls ohfM;ks dSejk vkWu djok;k vkSj Mk- caly ls dgk fd og gekjs n¶rj ls gh ts-,l- oekZ dks Qksu feyk,A 14 tqykbZ dh “kke 5 cts tc mlus Qksu feyk;k rks ts-,l- oekZ o Mk- caly cM+s ;kjkus okys vankt esa ckr dj jgs FksA ftlls nksuksa ds ikjLifjd Lusg lEca/kksa dk izek.k feyrk gSA Hkkjr ds eq[; U;k;k/kh”k ts-,l-oekZ us---- %

189

blds ckn gh geus 15 tqykbZ 1999 dks dkypØ dk;kZy; esa ,d laoknnkrk lEesyu cqyk;kA ftlesa ^vkt rd* dh Vh-oh-Vhe o dbZ cM+s v[kckjksa ds ofj’B laoknnkrk vk,A veweu 30 feuV pyus okyh izl s dkaQzsl a 2-30 ?kaVs pyhA lHkh i=dkj Mk- tkWyh caly dh ckrksa ls dkQh vk”oLr gks x,A blds ckn tc fganw ds jtr >k] QzVa ykbu dh lqèkk egkfyaxe~] tulÙkk ds jkecgknqj jk; o VsyhxzkQ ds vkj- osd a V vkSj fganqLrku VkbEl ds laoknnkrk us ts,l-oekZ ls iwNk fd D;k oks Mk- tkWyh caly dks tkurs gS rks mUgksua s Lohdkj fd;k fd oks tkurs gS]a vkSj ;s Hkh fd 14 tqykbZ dks “kke 5 cts mudh Qksu ij Mk- caly ls ckr gqbZ FkhA bl ij lHkh laoknnkrkvksa us l”kDr fjiksVZ rS;kj dh ij vnkyr dh voekuuk ds Mj ls Åij ls ncko vk x;kA v[kckj laikndksa o ekfydksa ds eu esa vnkyr dh voekuuk ds vatke dk bruk Mj cSBk gS fd brus lkjs lcwr tek gksus ds ckn Hkh [kcj Nkius esa mUgsa ladksp gksrk gSA mudk ladksp okftc gSA ij tgk¡ L;kg vkSj lQsn bruk lkQ&lkQ gks ogk¡ Hkh Mjus ls turk ds lkeus lPpkbZ dSls vk ik,xh\ Mk- caly ds “kiFk i= dh izfr;k¡ i=dkjksa dh ekQZr lÙkk ds xfy;kjksa esa igq¡p xbZAa ij vk”p;Ztud :i ls Mk- caly ds f[kykQ dksbZ dkjZokgh ugha dh xbZA lcdks lk¡i lw?a k x;kA ,slh fparuh; o xaHkhj ?kVukvksa ds rhu eghus ckn eSua s 1 flarcj 1999 dks ,VkWuhZ tujy vkWQ bafM;k lksyh lksjkcth dks ,d ;kfpdk Hkst dj ek¡x dh fd Mk- caly ds “kiFk i= esa yxk, x, vkjksiksa dh tk¡p djokbZ tk,A ;fn mlds vkjksi lgh ik, tkrs gSa rks nksuksa U;k;/kh”kks]a Mk0 caly o tSu ca/kqvksa ij vnkyr dh voekuuk dk eqdnek pyk;k tk,A ;fn vkjksi xyr ik, tkrs gSa rks Mk- caly dks bl xSj&ftEesnkjkuk gjdr ds fy, ltk nh tk,A vk”p;Ztud :i ls Jh lksjkcth loksZPp vnkyr dh xfjek ls tqMs+ brus xaHkhj 190

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

ekeys ij Hkh eghuksa pqIih lk/ks cSBs jgsA gkjdj eSua s bl iwjs nq%[kn dkaM dks tufgr esa lkoZtfud djus dk fu.kZ; fy;kA bls dkypØ fnlacj 1999 ds vad esa Nki fn;kA v[kckj dk “kh’kZd Fkk] ^U;k;ewfrZ ts-,l- oekZ o U;k;ewfrZ ,l-lh- lsu ij loksZPp vnkyr dh voekuuk dk eqdnek D;ksa u pyk;k tk,\* Hkkjr dh i=dkfjrk ds bfrgkl esa U;k;ikfydk ij ,slk izgkj igys fdlh us ugha fd;k FkkA bl v[kckj dks i<+dj lÙkk ds xfy;kjksa esa gM+dia ep x;kA jkspd ckr ;g gS fd Mk- tkWyh caly ij esgjcku loksZPp U;k;ky; us brus xaHkhj vkjksiksa ds fy, ml ij rks vnkyr dh voekuuk dk eqdnek ugha pyk;k ij bl xaHkhj loky dks mBkus dh ,ot esa eq> ij loksZPp vnkyr dh voekuuk dk eqdnek pykus dh dksf”k”k dh xbZA eq>s yxk fd gokyk dkaM dks nckus dh reke lkft”kksa dk inkZQk”k djus dk vPNk ekSdk bl eqdnes ds nkSjku feysxkA blfy, eSa Mjk ugha vkSj U;k;ikfydk ds ,sls vuSfrd lnL;ksa dks niZ.k fn[kkus ds edln ls Hkkjr ds rRdkyhu eq[; U;k;/kh”k Mk- ,-,l- vkuan dh iRuh vkSj lkl ls tqMk+ e/; izn”s k Hkwfe ?kksVkyk Hkh dkypØ ds Qjojh 2000 vad esa mtkxj dj fn;kA ¼ftlls 5 eghus ckn Hkkjh ccky [kM+k gks x;k vkSj rRdkyhu dkuwu ea=h jke tSBeykuh dks eaf=eaMy ls bLrhQk nsuk iM+kA½ MkWvkuan ds ?kksVkys ls tqMh+ o dkypØ esa Qjojh 2000 esa Nih bl [kcj ds ckn vk”p;Ztud :i ls loksZPp U;k;ky; us U;k;ewfrZ oekZ ls tqMs+ voekuuk ds eqdnesa dks u pykus dk QSlyk fd;kA [kpk[kp Hkjh vnkyr esa U;k;/kh”kksa us dgk fd] ^ge rks lwjt ds leku gSAa lwjt ij vxj dksbZ /kwy Qsd a s rks lwjt xank FkksMs+ gh gksrk gSA ge fouhr ukjk;.k ij ;g eqdnek pykdj ,d eap iznku ugha djuk pkgrsA* tjk&tjk lh ckr ij rqud dj vnkyr dh voekuuk dk eqdnek pykus okys U;k;k/kh”kksa dk ;g oDrO; loksZPp U;k;ky; ds odhyksa dks dkQh xqnxqnkus okyk yxkA Hkkjr ds eq[; U;k;k/kh”k ts-,l-oekZ us---- %

191

vycÙkk bl eqdnesa ls ,d ckr vkSj lkeus vkbZ vkSj oks ;s fd tc lqizhe dksVZ ckWj ,lksfl,”ku us U;k;ewfrZ ,l-lh lsu ls Lif’Vdj.k ek¡xk rks U;k;ewfrZ lsu us tuojh 2000 esa ,d i= ds ek/;e ls fy[kdj ;g Lohdkj dj fy;k fd gokyk dkaM ds nkSjku os Mk- tkWyh caly ls feyrs&tqyrs jgs FksA os mlds lkFk *fdlh* tSu ds ?kj pk; ihus Hkh x, FksA mYys[kuh; gS fd U;k;ewfrZ lsu dh fyf[kr LohdkjksfDr Mk- caly ds “kiFk i= essa fn, x, fooj.k ls dkQh esy [kkrh gSA tSu ca/kqvkas ds fudV lg;ksxh vkSj ubZ fnYyh ds dfu’d gksVy esa gq, ,d gR;k dkaM ds vkjksih Mkcaly ls U;k;ewfrZ lsu dk gokyk dkaM ds dsl ds nkSjku feyuk&tqyuk D;k fl) djrk gS\ m/kj U;k;ewfrZ oekZ us bl ckr ls budkj fd;k fd os dHkh Mk- caly ls feys Hkh FksA jkspd ckr ;g gS fd tqykbZ 1999 esa i=dkjksa ls U;k;ewfrZ oekZ ;g Lohdkj pqds Fks fd os Mk- tkyh caly ls gokyk dsl [kRe gksus ds ckn feyrs&tqyrs jgs FksA njvly tqykbZ 1997 ls vkt rd U;k;ewfrZ oekZ us Mk- caly ls vius lac/a kksa dks ysdj yxkrkj fojks/kkHkklh c;ku fn, gS]a ftlls mudh ?kcjkgV dk irk pyrk gSA tcfd Mkcaly us vius “kiFk i= esa foLr`r fooj.k nsrs gq, crk;k gS fd tSu ca/kq us bu nks U;k;ewfrZ;ksa dks gokyk dsl ds nkSjku vius i{k esa fdl rjg fd;kA viuh ,slh Hkwfedk ds ckotwn U;k;ewfeZ oekZ jk’Vªh; ekuokf/kdkj vk;ksx ds v/;{k in dks gkfly djus esa dke;kc jgsA U;k;ewfrZ ,l-lh- lsu dks Hkh mudh mRd`’V lsokvksa ds fy, v/;{k] jk’Vªh; VsyhdkWe fMLI;wV lsfVyesVa ,fiysV dfe”ku dk egRoiw.kZ in nsdj lEekfur fd;k x;kA

lhohlh] ls fcx QkbV& gokyk vkjksih ftu jktusrkvksa us 1996 ls ;g dgdj ns”k dks xqejkg fd;k Fkk fd gokyk dkaM esa dksbZ lcwr ugha gS vkSj ;s egt ,d lkft”k Fkh mUgsa cnuke djus dh] os tkfgju gekjs vFkd 192

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

iz;klksa ls fopfyr gq,A D;ksfa d gokyk dsl ds lokZPs p U;k;ky; essa jgL;e; ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa [kRe gks tkus ds ckn Hkh ge grksRlkfgr ugha gq,A geus 1999 ls 2001 ds o’kksZa esa yxkrkj ihNs iM+s jg dj gokyk dkaM dks nckus dh lkjh lkft”k dk inkZQk”k fd;kA urhtru lÙkk/kkjh yksxksa us vius izHkko dk bLrseky djds eq>s eq[; /kkjk ds ehfM;k ij fiNys bu o’kksZa esa fcydqy ugha vkus fn;kA mUgsa Mj Fkk fd dgha eSa vlfy;r c[kkudj muds nksgjs psgjs csudkc u dj nw¡A ij tc dHkh ekSdk feyk] eSa ns”k dks lPpkbZ crkus ls ugha pwdkA vius lkIrkfgd dkWyekssa esa o lkoZtfud O;k[;kuksa esa eSa yxkrkj bu lokyksa dks mBkrk jgk gw¡A ,d&nks ckj tc Vh-ohij ckr dgus dk ekSdk feyrk gS rks ogk¡ Hkh lgh ckr j[k nsrk gw¡A ,u-Mh-Vh-oh- ds ^^fcx QkbV “kks* vkSj th Vhoh ds ^izkbe Vkbe “kks* esa Øe”k% ,u- foëy o lq’kek Lojkt ds lkFk cgl esa tc dqN rF;ksa dks eSua s ns”k ds lkeus j[kk rks dkQh gaxkek epkA 5 Qjojh 2000 dks LVkj U;wt ds ^fcx QkbV “kks* esa ^dans zh; lrdZrk vk;qDr* ,u- foëy ls eSua s iwNk fd os ns”k ls Hkz’Vkpkj feVkus dh ?kks’k.kk,sa rks dj jgs gSa ij ftl gokyk dkaM ds dkj.k mUgsa ;g in feyk gS mldh tk¡p esa gq, Hkz’Vkpkj dks nwj djus ls os D;ksa drjkrs gS\a etcwju Jh foëy dks ?kks’k.kk djuh iM+h fd os gokyk dkaM dh tk¡p fQj ls djok,ax s As blds rqjra ckn ns”k dh jktuhfr essa rwQku [kM+k gks x;kA rhu g¶rs rd laln vkSj v[kckjksa esa ;g “kksj eprk jgk fd Jh foëy dks ;g tk¡p djokus dk dksbZ vf/kdkj ugha gSA “kksj epkus esa Hkktik ljdkj ds ea=h lcls vkxs jgsA varr% Jh foëy ds ij drj fn, x,A mYys[kuh; gS fd vxLr 1997 esa tc loksZPp U;k;ky; esa gokyk dkaM dks iqu% BaMs cLrs esa Mkydj] Hkfo’; esa lhchvkbZ dks Lok;Ùkrk nsus dh ckr dh tk jgh Fkh] rHkh eSua s fy[kdj vnkyr ls viuk fojks/k ntZ fd;k FkkA esjk ;g rdZ Fkk fd tc iw.kZ:i ls LOkk;Ùk laLFkk loksZPp U;k;ky; gh vkradokn ls tqMs+ bl xaHkhj dkaM dh tk¡p ugha djok Hkkjr ds eq[; U;k;k/kh”k ts-,l-oekZ us---- %

193

ik jgh rks Hkfo’; esa ljdkj }kjk fu;qDr lhohlh uqek dksbZ vf/kdkjh ;g dSls djok ik,xk\ ogh ckr bl ?kVuk ds ckn lkeus vkbZA ;fn gokyk dkaM esa dksbZ lcwr ugha gS vkSj ;g egt ,d lkft”k Fkh] rks gokyk vkjksih jktusrk bl dkaM dh bZekunkj tk¡p dh ek¡x ds uke ls bruk ?kcjkrs D;ksa gSa \ tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM esa fyIr jktusrkvksa ds pkj.k&HkkV vxj ;s izpkj djrs gSa fd bl dkaM esa dksbZ lcwr gh ugha gS] rks mUgsa ,sls reke rF;ksa dk bZekunkjh ls vè;;u djuk pkfg,A >wBk izpkj dj yksxksa dks xqejkg djuk csbZekuh gSA ns”kokfl;ksa dks Hkh ;g ckr le> esa vk tkuh pkfg, fd tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM esa Qals usrk blfy, ugha NwV x, fd lcwr ukdkQh gS]a cfYd blfy, fd lh-ch-vkbZ- us vkt rd dksbZ tk¡p gh ugha dh] tk¡p dk dsoy ukVd fd;k gSA 1993 ls 1996 rd Nis esjs izl s oDrO;] blh nkSjku loksZPp vnkyr esa nkf[ky esjs “kiFk i=ksa o bl nkSjku lfØ; jgs dqN i=dkjksa dh fjiksVks±] o mu fnuksa Nkis x, dkypØ ds vaxt sz h v[kckjksa dks i<+dj ;g fl) gks tk,xk fd Hkkjr ljdkj dh tk¡p ,tsfa l;ksa us bu rkdroj yksxksa dkss cpkus ds fy, D;k&D;k xqy f[kyk,A dSls lhch-vkbZ-okyksa us loksZPp vnkyr rd esa >wBs “kiFk i= nkf[ky fd, vkSj fQj Hkh idM+s ugha x,\ dSls gokyk vkjksfi;ksa ds fy,] fudy Hkkxus ds jkLrs NksM\s+ dSls loksZPp U;k;ky; “kq: esa FkksMh+ fgEer fn[kkdj fQj <hyk iM+ x;k\ vc vxj tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn& gokyk dkaM ds vkjksfi;ksa dks ltk ugha feyh rks esjk D;k nks’k\ eSua s rks tqykbZ 1993 esa bl [krjukd ;q) dh “kq#vkr dh vkSj mls Hkkjr ds eq[; U;k;kèkh”k rd ds f[kykQ yM+us dk gkSlyk cuk, j[kkA mis{kk] frjLdkj vkSj lk/kuksa dh Hkkjh deh lgdj Hkh MVk jgk gw¡A Hkkjr ds jk’Vªifr ls ysdj Hkkjr ljdkj esa gj Lrj ds ftEesnkj yksxksa ls yxkrkj bl dkaM dh bZekunkjh ls tk¡p djokus dh ek¡x djrk jgk gw¡A 194

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

vk”p;Z gksrk gS ;g ns[kdj fd ns”k dh nqnZ”kk vkSj c<+rs Hkz’Vkpkj o vkradokn ij vDlj Hkk’k.k nsus okys] ys[k fy[kus okys ;k Vhoh ij xeZ cglksa esa fgLlk ysus okys dbZ e”kgwj yksx dSls nksgjs pfj= o psgjs j[krs gSAa tc gokyk dkaM tSls la?k’kZ esa lkFk nsus dk oDr gksrk gS rks ;s yksx vkjksfi;ksa dks enn nsus esa tqV tkrs gSAa tc vkjksih NwV tkrs gSa rks buds fo|rkiw.kZ ys[k Nirs gSa fd ns”k esa Hkkjh Hkz’Vkpkj gS] vkradokn c<+ jgk gS] ij vnkyrsa fdlh Hkh rkdroj vkneh dks ltk nsus esa ukdke gSA buds ys[kksa dks i<+dj buds O;fDrRo ds ckjs esa [kklk /kks[kk gks tkrk gSA ns”k dh turk dks lPpkbZ irk ugha py ikrhA blhfy, dkyØe es]a gj la?k’kZ xqeukeh ds va/ksj esa [kks tkrk gS vkSj turk essa grk”kk QSyrh tkrh gSAa fQj Hkh rgydk tSls u, ?kksVkyksa ij rwQku epkus ds ukVd fd, tkrs gSAa lhchvkbZ ls tk¡p dh ek¡x dh tkrh gSA laln esa “kksj epkdj vkjksfi;ksa ds bLrhQs ek¡xs tkrs gSAa tufgr ;kfpdk,sa nkf[ky dh tkrh gSAa lsfeukj vk;ksftr fd, tkrs gSAa ij var esa lHkh ?kksVkykssa dh ifj.kfr blh rjg gksrh gSA turk Hkh vc ;g ckr [kwc le> xbZ gSA

Hkkjr ds eq[; U;k;k/kh”k ts-,l-oekZ us---- %

195

196

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

19 ftuls mEehn Fkh--eq[; pquko vk;qDr& tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM ds la?k”kZ ds nkSjku Hkkjr ds eq[; pquko vk;qDr Vh-,u- “ks’ku dh Hkwfedk Hkh dkQh jkspd jghA flrEcj 1994 esa eSa dkypØ ohfM;ks eSXkthu dk nloka vad vkSj viuh ;kfpdk ij vkèkkfjr dkypØ dk tqykbZ 1994 dk fo”ks’k v[kckj ysdj Jh “ks’ku ds ikl x;kA jktho xkaèkh ds “kklu ds nkSjku mudh fooknkLin Hkwfedk ds ckotwn pquko esa lqèkkj ds muds iz;klksa ls mUgsa dkQh “kksgjr fey jgh FkhA bèkj U;k;ky; dh èkheh xfr ls laln vkSj izl s ds BaMs #[k ds dkj.k esjh vèkhjrk c<+ jgh FkhA blfy, Jh “ks’ku ds ikl tkdj eSua s mUgsa dkxt fn[kk, vkSj mUgsa crk;k fd tSu [kkrksa esa dkQh Hkqxrku 1989 o 1991 ds pqukoksa ds iwoZ gq, gSAa ,sls esa os pquko [kpZ dk fglkc bu usrkvksa ls ek¡x ldrs gSAa Jh “ks’ku us xEHkhjrk ls dkxtksa dks i<+k vkSj ,d g¶rs ckn cqyk;kA fQj ckn esa mUgksua s QSlyk fd;k fd os Hkkjr ds dSfcusV lfpo ls tokc ekaxx as As mUgksua s vDrwcj 1994 esa ,slk fd;kA ij tokc ugha feykA gk¡] blls gekjk ifjp; fe=rk esa t:j cny x;kA dbZ eqykdkrksa ds ckn mUgksua s izLrko fd;k fd rqe ernkrk tkx:drk vfHk;ku esa esjh enn djksA geus lkFk&lkFk ns”k ds dbZ fgLlksa esa tkdj tu lHkk,as dhaA mu fnuksa eq>s lquus vkus okyk dksbZ ugha FkkA lkjh HkhM+ Jh “ks’ku dks ns[kus vkSj lquus meM+rh FkhA bruh cM+h HkhM+ dks muds lkFk eap ls lacksfèkr djus dk eq>s cgqr vPNk ekSdk feykA eSua s tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM ij cgqr vkØked vkSj Li’V Hkk’k.k fd,A Jksrkvksa us bls ljkgk vkSj vk”p;Z O;Dr fd;k fd brus cM+s dkaM dh [kcj ehfM;k dh ekQZr mu rd D;ksa ugha igq¡p jghA vk”p;Z ;g fd blds ftuls mEehn Fkh--- %

197

ckotwn bldk dksbZ mYys[k vxys fnu dh [kcjksa esa ugha gksrk FkkA ,slk yxrk Fkk fd usrkvksa us v[kckjksa ij vPNk ncko cuk j[kk Fkk ;k LFkkuh; i=dkjksa dks “kk;n fo”okl gh u gksrk Fkk fd brus lkjs] brus cM+s yksx ,sls dkaM esa fyIr gks ldrs gSAa lkspus dh ckr ;g gS fd vxj eSa fcuk rF;ksa ds tu lHkkvksa esa ,sls vkjksi yxkrk] rks D;k eq>s ekugkfu ds eqdneksa esa u ?klhVk tkrk\ gSnjkckn] y[kuÅ] Hkqous”oj vkSj eqca bZ tSls cM+s “kgjksa esa bu Hkk’k.kksa ds dkQh ohfM;ks dSlVs rS;kj gq, gSAa ftUgsa ns[kdj la?k’kZ ds ml nkSj vkSj rsoj dk vanktk yxk;k tk ldrk gSA esjs izfr Jh “ks’ku dk joS;k csgn okRlY;iw.kZ FkkA eSua s Hkh muds lkFk Hkkjr esa tu vkanksyu “kq: djus dh rS;kjh esa dkQh ÅtkZ yxkbZA ij os dksbZ fu.kZ; ysus dks rS;kj ugha FksA eSua s ns”kHkj ls vusd fopkjoku] izfrf’Br o la?k’kZ”khy yksxksa dks cqykdj mudh HksVa Jh “ks’ku ls djokbZ] ij dksbZ ckr ugha cuhA eq>s ,slk yxrk fd os ,d iz”kkld dh ekufldrk ds O;fä gSa vkSj turk ds chp dke djus dh mudh rS;kjh ugha gSA blfy, os in ij jgdj gh dke djuk pkgrs gSAa mUgsa dke djuk vkSj djokuk cgqr vPNh rjg vkrk gSA os dkQh cqf)eku vkSj esgurh Hkh gSAa vius fudV tuksa dk dkQh è;ku j[krs gSAa ij mudk Øksèk muds O;ogkj esa vkMs+ vkrk gSA eq>s mudh fQtwy[kphZ Hkh vPNh ugha yxrh FkhA tc os yxkrkj rhu fnu fnYyh ls lwjr] vgenkckn vkSj eqca bZ tkdj ykSVus dk dk;ZØe cukrs] rks eq>s cgqr cqjk yxrk FkkA eSa muls dgrk Fkk fd bl rjg vkidh vkSj vkids lqj{kk dfeZ;ksa dh gokbZ ;k=k ij xjhc ns”k dk cgqr iSlk [kpZ gksrk gSA vki rhu fnu dk dk;ZØe ,d lkFk D;ksa ugha cukrs gS]a rkfd ckj&ckj vkus&tkus dk [kpZ cp tk,] ij “kk;n mUgsa ;s lq>ko ilUn ugha vk,A loksZPp U;k;ky; us tc ykyw ;kno ds ekeys esa ernkrk igpku i= ij mudh ftn dks njfdukj dj fn;k] rks os dkQh vkgr FksA nks 198

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

vfrfjDr pquko vk;qDr fu;qDr fd, x,] rc Hkh os dkQh nq[kh gq,A nksuksa gh voljksa ij mUgsa cgqr&ls yksxksa us bLrhQk nsdj Hkz’Vkpkj ds fo#) tu vkUnksyu “kq: djus dk lq>ko fn;kA os eq>ls dgrs Fks fd bLrhQk ns nw¡xk] rks fnYyh esa esjh dksBh] xkM+h] VsyhQksu] gokbZ ;k=k o lqj{kk dk [kpkZ dgk¡ ls vk,xk\ eSua s muls dgk fd nsf[k,] vki ftys ds dysDVj ls ysdj loksZPp iz”kklfud in dSfcusV lfpo rd jg fy,A eq[; pquko vk;qDr ds :i esa vkius dkQh “kksgjr gkfly dj yhA vki 60 o’kZ ikj dj pqds gSAa vkidh dksbZ larku Hkh ugha gSA fQj vkidks tksf[ke mBkus esa D;ksa Mj yxrk gS\ eq>s nsf[k,] esjh mez D;k gS] nks NksV& s NksVs cPps gSAa fQj Hkh fiNys 17&18 o’kks± esa eSua s i=dkfjrk esa reke [krjs mBkdj Hkh dHkh le>kSrk ugha fd;kA esjh iRuh dks jkr&fnu V~;”w ku vkSj Vªka lys”ku dj ?kj pykuk iM+kA eq>s fe=ksa ls gkFk QSykdj enn ek¡xuh iM+h] ij eSa ugha ?kcjk;kA esjk fo”okl rks Hkxoku Ñ’.k ds xhrk esa dgs opuksa ij gSA fdlh dk izkjCèk dksbZ cny ugha ldrkA fooknkLin panzkLokeh ls mudh ?kfu’Brk dks ysdj Hkh eSa dkQh fpafrr jgrk Fkk vkSj dbZ voljksa ij eSua s mUgsa lpsr djus dh dksf”k”k Hkh dhA fQj Hkh irk ugha D;ksa os viuh fe=rk ugha NksM+ ldsA ,d jkspd ?kVuk vkSj gqbZA ,d ckj tc tSu caèkqvksa vkSj usrkvksa dh rjQ ls eq> ij ckj&ckj èku ysus ds fy, ncko Mkyk tk jgk Fkk] rks eaSus lkspk fd mudh jk; tkuh tk,A os cksy& s gekjs rfeyukMq esa tc dksbZ nqfoèkk gksrh gS] rks ge nks jax ds Qwy ysrs gSAa ,d jax ls r; djrs gSa fd ge ,slk djsx a s vkSj nwljs jax ls r; djrs gSa fd ,slk ugha djsx a As fQj bu Qwyksa dks iwtk esa p<+k nsrs gSAa iwtk ds ckn ?kj ds fdlh NksVs cPps dks cqykdj nksukas esa ls ,d Qwy mBkus ds fy, dgrs gSAa tks ifj.kke vkrk gS] oSlk gh djrs gSAa rqe Hkh dy lqcg ,slk gh djukA eSua s iz;ksx ds rkSj ij fd;k] rks ifj.kke vk;k fd iSlk ys ysuk pkfg,A eaSus mUgsa Qksu fd;k vkSj ftuls mEehn Fkh--- %

199

cksyk fd ifj.kke vk x;kA mUgksua s iwNk D;k\ eSua s dgk& vkdj crkÅ¡xkA muds ?kj tkdj tc eSua s mUgsa crk;k] rks tksj ls Bgkdk yxkdj g¡ls vkSj cksy]s ^D;k r; fd;k\* eSua s dgk fd r; rks igys gh gS fd iSlk ugha ysuk gSA 3 ebZ 1995 dks Jh “ks’ku us ns”kHkDr VªLV cuk;k] ftlesas os] mudh iRuh vkSj mudh nks ikfjokfjd efgyk fe= VªLVh cusA buds vykok mUgksua s eq>s Hkh laLFkkid VªLVh cuk;kA VªLV dk n¶rj dkypØ ds dk;kZy; esa gh FkkA geus VªLV ds fy, mRlkg ls dke “kq: fd;kA cgqr vPNs yksxkas dk lg;ksx feyus yxkA ij muds :[ks O;ogkj ls nq[kh gksdj cgqr&ls yksx èkhjs&èkhjs vyx gksrs x,A eSua s mUgsa ckj&ckj le>kus dh dksf”k”k dhA mUgsa ns”k ds dbZ vPNs Økafrdkfj;ksa vkSj v[kckj ekfydksa ls feyok;kA ,d vQlj ds ukrs muds tks dke jgs Fks vkSj muds O;fDrRo dh tks detksfj;k¡ Fkha] mUgsa eSa vPNh rjg tkurk FkkA fQj Hkh esjh bPNk Fkh fd eq[; pquko vk;qDr ds :i esa mudks feyh Hkkjh yksdfiz;rk dk ykHk mBkdj ns”k ds lHkh Økafrdkjh lkfFk;ksa ds lkFk ,d cM+k tu&vkUnksyu [kM+k gks ldsA bldk ns”k dks fu”p; gh ykHk feyrkA ij os ml le; dqN Hkh lquus dks rS;kj ugha FksA 3 Qjojh 1996 dks ,d i= fy[kdj eSua s Hkh muds ns”kHkDr VªLV ls bLrhQk ns fn;kA Jh “ks’ku dks ;g ckr vPNh ugha yxh vkSj mUgksua s dkypØ dk;kZy; ls ns”kHkDr VªLV dk lc lkeku eaxok fy;kA vpkud dbZ o’kZ ckn 1998 ds vUr esa Jh “ks’ku dk Qksu vk;kA cksy]s eSa dy ges”kk ds fy, fnYyh NksMd + j psUubZ tk jgk gw¡A eSa vkSj jtuh”k feyus pys x,A yach ckr gqbZA fupksM+ ;g fd mUgksua s eglwl fd;k fd mUgksua s esjh lykg u ekudj Bhd ugha fd;kA mUgksua s izLrko fd;k fd ;fn eSa dqN djuk pkgw¡] rks os lg;ksx djus dks rS;kj jgsx a As eSua s lykg nh fd os viuk è;ku dsoy pquko lqèkkj vfHk;ku ij dsfa nzr djs]a jk’Vª dh uSfrd m)kj 200

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

dh ckr NksM+ nsAa D;ksfa d bl {ks= esa mUgksua s ,sfrgkfld dke fd;k gSA mlh ls mudh igpku cuh gSA ij vHkh Hkh ;g dke vèkwjk gSA

iz/kkuea=h dh Hkwfedk& tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM esa ih-oh- ujflag jko dh Hkwfedk ds ckjs esa eq>ls lcls T;knk loky iwNs x,A tuojh 1996 esa dqN yksx rks ;gk¡ rd dgrs Fks fd eSa gokyk dkaM esa ihoh- ujflag jko dk uke D;ksa ugha ysrk\ ,sls yksxksa ls esjk ;gh dguk gksrk Fkk fd iSlk [kkus okyksa ds uke eSua s r; ugha fd, gSAa ^tks nLrkost eSua s lqihz e dksVZ esa tek fd, gS]a muesa jko dk uke ugha gSA* ;g vyx ckr gS fd 11 ekpZ 1995 dks lqjnas z tSu us vius gyfQ;k c;ku esa ujflag jko dks 3 djksM+ #i, nsus dh ckr dgh gSA bl ckjs esa eq>s ;gh dguk gS fd ;s c;ku iqfyl fgjklr esa fjdkMZ fd;k x;k Fkk] blfy, bldh dkuwuh oSèkrk ugha gSA ;g c;ku Qsjk dkuwu ds rgr Hkh ntZ fd;k tkuk pkfg, FkkA vius 8 vizy S 1995 ds “kiFk i= esa eSua s ;g ek¡x dh Hkh FkhA vxj lqjUs nz tSu dk ;g c;ku Qsjk esa fjdkMZ gksrk] rks ujflag jko lfgr gokyk vkjksih lHkh usrkvksa dh fxj¶rkjh Qsjk esa gks ldrh FkhA ij tkucw> dj tk¡p ,tsfa l;ksa us dqN ugha fd;kA 16 tuojh 1996 dks tc fo|kpj.k “kqDy vkSj ntZu Hkj eaf=;ksa o usrkvksa ds f[kykQ tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM esa pktZ“khV nkf[ky gqbZ] rks ujflag jko ?kcjk x,A mUgksua s cM+h gksf”k;kjh ls ;g izpkfjr djok;k fd ;g lkjk dqN mUgksua s gh djok;k gSA bldk mís”; yksxksa esa viuh bZekunkj Nfo cukuk vkSj vkus okys pqukoksa esa bldk Qk;nk mBkuk FkkA ;g izpkj ljklj >wB FkkA njvly] lh-ch-vkbZ- Jh jko ds vèkhu Fkh vkSj blfy, vijkfèk;ksa dks laj{k.k nsus rFkk mUgsa cpkus ds tqeZ esa ujflag jko ij Hkkjrh; dkuwu ds rgr eqdnek pyk;k tkuk pkfg, FkkA mèkj tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM esa vkjksfir usrkvksa us Hkh ftuls mEehn Fkh--- %

201

202

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

bl >wBs izpkj dk Qk;nk mBk;k vkSj dguk “kq: dj fn;k fd ge rks funksZ’k gS& a gesa >wBs Qalk;k x;k gSA esjk “kq: ls ekuuk Fkk fd lh-ch-vkbZ- vkSj mlds rRdkyhu funs”kd fot; jkekjko ds f[kykQ Jh jko vkSj nwljs usrkvksa dks cpkus dk ekeyk curk gSA Jh jko dh lafnXèk Hkwfedk dks è;ku esa j[kdj gh eSua s bl ekeys esa lqizhe dksVZ esa fyf[kr izfrosnu djds Qjojh 1996 esa lh-ch-vkbZ dks izèkkuea=h Jh jko ds f”kdats ls eqDr Hkh djok;k FkkA ;g ,d ,sfrgkfld vkns”k FkkA esjh ;kfpdk esa ih-oh- ujflag jko dk uke ugha Fkk] tcfd muds izfr}af};ksa ds uke FksA blfy, 1993 esa eq>s muls lg;ksx dh mEehn FkhA eSua s bldh cgqr dksf”k”k dhA muds dk;kZy; esa feyus x;kA mUgsa i= fy[ksA muls le; ek¡xkA ysfdu dksbZ lQyrk ugha feyhA dsoy ,d ckj muds futh lfpo jkew nkeksnju us nsj jkr ?kj ij Qksu fd;k fd vki izèkkuea=h ls fdl fy, feyuk pkgrs gS\a esjk mÙkj Fkk fd yksdra= esa ,d i=dkj dks D;k bruk Hkh gd ugha gS fd og viuh ckrphr xksiuh; j[k lds\ blds ckn eq>s muls feyus dk le; ugha feykA tc usrkvksa ds f[kykQ tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM esa pktZ”khV nkf[ky gks xbZ] rks 16 tuojh 1996 ds ckn ,d jkspd ?kVuk gqbZA ,slk yxrk gS fd Jh jko dks yxk fd dgha dkypØ dh Vhe muds f[kykQ Hkh [kM+h u gks tk,] blfy, mUgksua s nks ,sls O;fä;ksa dks gekjs dk;kZy; esa Hkstk tks muds fo”oklik= FksA gesa bldh tkudkjh ugha Fkh fd mUgsa Jh jko us Hkstk gS] D;ksfa d ;s O;fä gekjs Hkh iwoZ&ifjfpr FksA bUgksua s igys gh fnu ls ;g dguk “kq: dj fn;k fd eq>s Jh jko ls feyuk pkfg,] rkfd esjs vPNs dke dk os eq>s iqjLdkj ns ldsAa eq>s ;g izLrko vViVk yxk] D;ksfa d Jh jko ij dHkh eq>s Hkjkslk ugha FkkA ij bu yksxksa us gkj ugha ekuhA rjg&rjg ls le>kus dh dksf”k”k dhA ;gk¡ rd dgk ftuls mEehn Fkh--- %

203

fd Jh jko vkidh cgknqjh ls cgqr izlUu gSa vkSj pkgrs gSa fd vki muds eaf=eaMy esa x`gea=ky; laHkkys]a rkfd vkidh ekQZr t;yfyrk] “kjn iokj] ykyw ;kno o eqyk;e flag ;kno dks usLrukcwn fd;k tk ldsA os vkidks jkT;lHkk esa rqjra ysus dks rS;kj gSAa eSua s Vh,u- “ks’ku dh jk; yh] rks mudk dguk Fkk fd vxj jko brus lan”s k Hkst jgs gSa rks feyus esa dksbZ gtZ ugha gSA vkf[kjdkj os Hkkjr ds izèkkuea=h gSAa fdj.k csnh ds ?kj lqcg uk”rs ij ds-ts- vyQkal vkSj egkjk’Vª esa vkbZ-,-,l- ls bLrhQk nsdj vk, ukStoku vfouk”k èkekZfèkdkjh ds lkeus tc eSua s ;g leL;k j[kh fd jko ds yksx eq> ij 15&20 fnu ls feyus ds fy, dkQh ncko Mky jgs gSa vkSj eSa muls feyuk ugha pkgrk] rks bu fe=ksa dh Hkh ;gh jk; Fkh fd feyus esa dksbZ gtZ ugha gSA d”ehj okys Lokeh th igys ls gh dg jgs Fks fd vxj jko tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM esa enn djrs gS]a rks muls feyk tk,A njvly] Lokeh th dh Hkkjh bPNk Fkh fd tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM dh lQyrk dk jktuhfrd ykHk mBk;k tk,A ij eq>s ;g ckr t¡p ugha jgh FkhA ij lar dh vkKk ds vkxs pqi jg tkuk iM+rk FkkA gkykafd ckn esa vuqHko vPNs ugha jgsA [kSj muds vkns”k dks f”kjksèkk;Z dj mu nksuksa ifjfpr O;fä;ksa ds vykok eSa Lokeh th dks Hkh lkFk ys x;kA ,l-ih-th-okys gesa cM+s lEeku ds lkFk izèkkuea=h fuokl dh xkM+h esa jkr lk<+s ukS cts Jh jko ds d{k esa ys x,A eq>s ;g ns[kdj vPNk yxk fd Jh jko gesa izHkkfor djus ds fy, Hkxoku jkèkkÑ’.k ds fp=ksa okyh xhr xksfoUn dh ,d Hkkjh&Hkjde dkWQh Vscy cqd ns[k jgs FksA Lokeh th us Jh jko ls iwNk fd vkidks fouhr ukjk;.k dk dke dSlk yxk\ jko cksy& s cgqr cgknqjh dk dke fd;k gS bUgksua As eSua s dgk] ^,slh dksbZ ckr ugha* “ks’ku] [kSjukj] vyQkal vkSj fdj.k csnh us Hkh cgqr vPNs dke fd, gSAa * jko cksys fd os rks ukSdj”kkg gS]a mUgksua s viuh M~;Vw h dh gSA ij vkius rks i=dkfjrk ls Hkh vkxs c<+dj tksf[ke mBk;k gSA bl ij Lokeh cksys fd jko lkgc] vki 204

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

ekurs gSa fd vkids jkTk esa xjhc cgqr nq[kh gS\ Jh jko dk mÙkj Fkk] ^igys usg: [kkunku dk izHkqRo jgkA jktuhfr esa esjh dksbZ gSfl;r gh ugha Fkh tks eSa dqN cM+s dke dj ikrkA izèkkuea=h cuk rks lkspk fd vc vPNk iz”kklu d:¡xkA exj vYier dh ljdkj gksus ds dkj.k eq>s eSU;qiqy”s ku ¼tksM& + rksM½+ djuk iM+kA ysfdu eSa ok;nk djrk gw¡ fd vcdh ckj lkQ Nfo ds ukStokuksa dh Vhe ysdj vkÅ¡xk vkSj vki tSlk dgsx a s oSls ns”k dks pykÅ¡xkA fouhr tSls ukStoku esjk lkFk nsAa * bl ij eSa FkksMk+ mÙksftr gks x;k D;ksfa d ;g eqykdkr esjh vkarfjd bPNk ds f[kykQ gks jgh FkhA eSua s Jh jko ls dgk fd fiNys <kbZ o’kZ ls eSa reke rdyhQsa vkSj tksf[ke mBkdj tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM dh yM+kbZ yM+ jgk gw¡A D;k vkius esjh lqj{kk dk dksbZ bartke fd;k\ D;k vkius bl eqís dks dHkh Hkh nwjn”kZu ij vkus fn;k\ D;k vkius bl vfHk;ku esa ,d iSls dh Hkh enn nh\ fQj vki dSls mEehn djrs gSa fd eSa vkidk lkFk nw¡\ gk¡] vki gokyk ekeys esa Qsjk vkSj VkMk ds rgr dkjZokbZ djds fn[kkb, rks yxs fd vki xaHkhj gSAa dqN nsj dh ckrphr ds ckn cSBd lekIr gks xbZA ckgj vkdj Lokeh th cksy& s rqEgsa bruk :[kk ugha cksyuk pkfg, FkkA vkf[kjdkj og 75 o’khZ; cqtqxZ gSAa eSua s dgk& egkjkt] ;s yksx gj vkneh dks fcdkÅ dSls eku ysrs gS\a nks fnu ckn izèkkuea=h dk;kZy; ls Jh jko ds lfpo dk fQj Qksu vk;k vkSj cksys fd izèkkuea=h vkt jkr fQj vkils feyuk pkgrs gSAa eSua s dgk fd eq>s blesa dksbZ #fp ugha gSA eq>s tks dguk Fkk] eSua s dg fn;kA rc mUgksua s iwNk& vkids Lokeh th dgk¡ gSAa eSua s y[kuÅ dk mudk uacj ns fn;kA mUgksua s y[kuÅ ls Lokeh th dks mlh “kke okil cqyok fy;k vkSj fQj muls Jh jko us nks ?k.Vk eqykdkr dhA ij Lokeh th us lkQ dg fn;k fd fouhr vkids ny esa tkdj vkids lkFk dke djus dks rS;kj ugha gSAa Jh jko us Hkh cM+h lathnxh ls bls Lohdkj dj fy;kA ftuls mEehn Fkh--- %

205

blds ckn dkypØ dk;kZy; esa ,d vthc lkft”k dh xbZA fdlus dh vkSj D;kssa dh] irk ughaA ij n¶rj esa dke djus okys vusd ukStokuksa dks ;g dgdj Mjk;k x;k fd tYn gh fouhr th dks >wBs ekeyksa esa Qalkdj tsy esa Mky fn;k tk,xkA ce ls ekjk Hkh tk ldrk gSA rqe yksx D;ksa viuh tku [krjs esa Mky jgs gks\ xk¡o ls vk, Hkksy& s Hkkys Lo;alos h ukStoku bu ckrksa ls cgd x, vkSj fcuk dkj.k gh dbZ lkjs Lo;alos h ukStoku n¶rj NksMd + j Hkkx x,A

jk’Vªifr dk joS;k& rRdkyhu jk’Vªifr MkW- “kadj n;ky “kekZ us Hkh ns”knzkgs ds bl dkaM ij pqIih lkèks j[khA vxLr 1993 ls eSa Hkkjr ds jk’Vªifr o mi&jk’Vªifr dks yxkrkj tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM ij lkexzh Hkstrk jgk gw¡A mUgsa i= fy[krk jgk vkSj muds lfpoksa ls feyus dk le; ek¡xrk jgkA ij eq>s le; ugha fn;k x;k] tcfd vrhr esa bUgha lfpoksa ds ekè;e ls eSa muls fey pqdk FkkA jk”Vªifr ds ,d lfpo MkW- fot; vxzoky gekjs iwoZ&ifjfpr FksA 1993 esa ,d fnu nksigj dks mudk Qksu vk;k vkSj cksys fd jk’Vªifr egksn; us vHkh&vHkh tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM ij dkypØ dk nloka vad ns[kk gS vkSj os blls dkQh izHkkfor gSAa eSua s muls fuosnu fd;k fd os esjh eqykdkr jk’Vªifr ls djok nsAa mUgksusa s vk”oklu rks fn;k] ij dbZ ckj ;kn fnykus ds ckotwn le; r; ugha djok;kA rc eSua s jtuh”k ds ekQZr muds ikl can fyQkQksa esa tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM ls lEcafèkr tkudkjh Hkstuk “kq: dh rkfd os mls jk’Vªifr dks fn[kk ldsAa ,d&nks ckj rks MkW- vxzoky us esjk fyQkQk Lohdkj dj fy;k] ij ckn esa og cgqr Mjs gq, yxs vkSj mUgksua s jtuh”k ls lkQ “kCnksa esa dgk fd vki vkxs ls u rks esjs ikl fyQkQk ysdj vk,sa vkSj u gh 206

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

eq>s Qksu djsAa vc ,slk D;ksa gqvk\ dgk¡ ls ncko iM+k ;k psrkouh feyh& ;g rks MkW- vxzoky gh crk ldrs gSAa blds ckn Hkh eSua s le;&le; ij jk’Vªifr dks lhèks i= fy[ks vkSj le; ek¡xkA ij dHkh dksbZ tokc ugha vk;kA ;g bÙkQkd gh gS fd jk’Vªifr ds “olqj ¼foeyk “kekZ ds firk½ o esjs nknk th vPNs fe= FksA nksuksa jsyos esa ukSdjh ds nkSjku cjlksa mÙkj izn”s k ds dklxat uxj esa vxy&cxy ds caxykas esa jgrs FksA os yksx ljdkjh nkSjs izk;% lkFk&lkFk gh fd;k djrs FksA ,d ckj iwoZ jk’Vªifr vkj- osd a Vje.k ds lfpo ih- eqjkjh ds ?kj ij ,d èkkfeZd mRlo esa eSua s bldh ppkZ Jherh “kekZ ls Hkh dh FkhA jk’Vªifr th O;klnso jfpr xzFa k Jhen~Hkkxor ds izes h FksA ,d ckj dqN laU;kfl;ksa us mUgsa tc bl xzFa k ds dqN vad HksVa fd,] rks eSa muds lkFk gh FkkA MkW- “kekZ us ckdh vad Hkh ek¡xs vkSj crk;k fd os bldk fu;fer ikB djrs gSAa 1996 dh tuojh ds ckn tc tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn& gokyk dkaM dh otg ls ns”k dh jktuhfr esa rwQku [kM+k gks x;k vkSj ujflag jko ds dk;Z langs kLin gksus yxs] rks ,d ckj fQj eSua s jk’Vªifr ls le; ysus dh iwjh dksf”k”k dhA ij dksbZ tokc ugha feykA eq>s mEehn Fkh fd bruh cM+h ?kVuk ds ckn jk’Vªifr vo”; fpafrr gksx a s vkSj eq>s cqykdj dsl ds ckjs esa foLr`r ppkZ djsx a As ij ,slk dqN ugha gqvkA jtuh”k dk ekSljs k HkkbZ jk’Vªifr dh èksorh ¼LoxhZ; yfyr ekdu dh iq=h½ voafrdk dk lgikBh vkSj fe= FkkA eSua s mls cqykdj lkjs dkxt fn, vkSj voafrdk dh ekQZr jk’Vªifr rd igq¡pkus dk fuosnu fd;kA og Mj x;k vkSj iwNk fd eSa fdlh eqf”dy esa rks ugha iM+ tkÅ¡xk\ eSua s dgk fd ;g rks ns”k lsok dk dk;Z gS] iz;kl djds ns[kksA fdarq voafrdk us mlls lkQ euk dj fn;kA og cksyh& ,sls tks Hkh dkxt gksrs gS]a mudh jk’Vªifr ds dk;kZy; esa igys tk¡p dh tkrh gSA etcwj gksdj eSua s viuh iRuh ftuls mEehn Fkh--- %

207

dh ppsjh cgu dh enn yhA os jk’Vªifr dh iRuh foeyk “kekZ dh ifjfpr FkhaA viuh cgu ds lkFk esjh iRuh MkW- ehrk ukjk;.k 3 Qjojh 1996 dks jk’Vªifr Hkou xb± vkSj Jherh “kekZ dks gokyk ls lEcfUèkr reke dkxt] ;kfpdk dh izfr o dkypØ dk ohfM;ks dSlVs nsdj lkjh ckr foLrkj ls crkbZA Jherh “kekZ us esjh iRuh dks cèkkbZ nhA mudk dguk Fkk fd bl de mez esa vkids ifr us cgqr [krjk ysdj ns”k dh egku lsok dh gSA vkt ns”k dks ,sls gh yksxksa dh t:jr gSA “kekZ th ¼jk’Vªifr½ lkjh ckrsa tkurs gSAa os bl fLFkfr ls cgqr nq[kh gSAa mUgksua s ehrk dks vk”oklu fn;k fd eSa lkjs dkxtkr “kekZ th dks vkt gh ns nw¡xhA ehrk us dgk fd vki muls dgsa fd os fouhr dks cqykdj lkjh ckrsa lqu]as rkfd irk pys fd ljdkj dgk¡ dksrkgh dj jgh gSA Jherh “kekZ us dgk fd os ,slk t:j djsx a hA ij ,slk ugha gqvk] rks eSua s jk’Vªifr th dks mudk drZO;cksèk djkus ds edln ls fuEu i= Hkstk %

MkW- ”kadj n;ky “kekZ Hkkjr ds jk’Vªifr] jk’Vªifr Hkou] ubZ fnYyh vknj.kh; jk’Vªifr th] ns”k dh nqnZ”kk dh [kcjsa jk’Vªifr Hkou ds Hkhrj rd “kk;n igq¡p ugha ikrh gksx a hA D;ksfa d ns”k dks jk’Vªifr Hkou ds Hkhrj fdlh laons u”khy O;fDr dh mifLFkfr dk dksbZ ladrs ugha fey jgk gSA “kk;n vkidks irk gh gksxk fd vktknh feyus ds 50 lky ckn Hkh& 1jktLFkku] eè; izn”s k] mM+hlk] fcgkj] mÙkj izn”s k vkSj if”pe caxky esa 40 djksM+ yksx csgn n;uh; fLFkfr esa thou ;kiu dj jgs gSAa xjhch dh js[kk ls uhps thus okys yksxksa essa 16 Qhlnh yksxksa dh jkstkuk vkenuh ek= 3 #i, gh gSA dSls th jgh gS vkidh 208

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

;g iztk\ fo”o esa dqy 90 djksM+ vui<+kas esa ls 30 djksM+ yksx Hkkjr ds gh gSAa vkt Hkh ljdkj dks ns”k esa xjhcksa dh lgh la[;k dk gh irk ugha gS] rks bu xjhckas ds uke ij vkt rd [kpZ gqvk vjcksa #i;k fdldh tsc esa x;k\ 2,d rjQ isVªky s vkSj Mhty bruk eg¡xk fcd jgk gS] nwljh rjQ Hkz’Vkpkj ds dkj.k gks jgh lM+dksa dh nqnZ”kk dh otg ls gj o’kZ 10]000 djksM+ #i, dk Mhty vkSj isVªky s cjckn gksrk gSA nq?kZVukvksa ds dkj.k 60]000 djksM+ #i, cjckn gksrs gSa lks vyxA vkt Hkh ns”k dh dqy 2 Qhlnh lM+das gh pkj ykbu pkSMh+ gaS] ftu ij ls ns”k ds 45 Qhlnh ekyokgd okgu xqtjrs gSAa 3ns”k ds 80 Qhlnh etwnj viuh vk; dk 85 Qhlnh rd dsoy Hkkstu ij gh [kpZ djus dks etcwj gSAa buds ifjokj dh f”k{kk] LokLF; vkSj nwljh vko”;drkvksa dh iwfrZ dSls gksrh gS] D;k ;g lkspk vkius\ 4ns”k ds djksMk+ as csjktxkj ukStokuksa dh grk”kk c<+rh tk jgh gSA os vijkèk djus ij etcwj gks jgs gSAa gj lky 60 yk[k ukStoku csjkstxkjksa dh drkj esa [kM+s gks tkrs gSAa f”k{kk ds uke ij djksMk+ as cPpksa ds lkFk etkd fd;k tk jgk gSA 5cgql[a ;d NksVs fdlkuksa dh Hkkjh nqnZ”kk gSA muds uke ij cukbZ xbZ lkjh uhfr;k¡ dkxth gSAa 6ns”k esa fctyh&ikuh dh dksbZ deh ugha] fQj Hkh ;s iwjs ugha feyrsA phuh] vkVk] nkys]a Qy] lCth o nwèk& fdlh pht dh deh ugha gS] fQj Hkh buds nke vkleku Nw jgs gSAa 7iqfyl xq.Mksa dks laj{k.k nsrh gS vkSj “kjhQ yksxksa dks izrkfM+r djrh gSA 8csbZeku vQlj bZekunkj vfèkdkfj;ksa dks dke ugha djus nsrsA

ftuls mEehn Fkh--- %

209

9O;kikfj;ksa vkSj dkj[kkusnkjksa dks csbZekuh djus ij etcwj D;ksa fd;k tk jgk gS\ tcfd ;gh fganqLrkuh fons”kksa esa fcuk fj”or fn, Hkh djksMk+ as dk dkjksckj dj jgs gSAa 10D;k dHkh vkidks ;g lkspus dh Qqjlr feyh fd lksus dh fpfM+;k Hkkjr] daxky D;ksa gks x;k\ D;k lw;Z us peduk can dj fn;k\ D;k fdlku&etnwjksa us esgur djuk can dj fn;k\ D;k èkjrh us vukt vkSj [kfut nsuk can dj fn;k\ D;k O;kikjh vkSj dkj[kkusnkj esgur ugha dj jgs\ D;k ns”k esa èku o lksu& s pkanh dh deh gks xbZ gS\ D;k ns”k esa ekSfyd lksp okys cqf)thfo;ksa dh deh gks xbZ gS\ D;k nqxkZ :ih ekr`”kfDr dk vHkko gks x;k\ D;k panz”ks[kj vktkn] Hkxr flag] fcfLey vkSj v”kQkd mYykg tSls gtkjksa “kghnksa dh dqckZuh csdkj xbZ\ ugha] flQZ bZekunkj vkSj ns”kHkDr jktusrkvksa dh deh gks xbZ gSA vkt ds T;knkrj jktusrk Hkz’V gks x, gSa vkSj os ns”k ywVus esa tqVs gSAa vius gh nyksa ds bZekunkj yksxksa dks vkxs ugha vkus nsrAs 11vki rhuksa lsukvksa ds lsukifr gSAa D;k vkius dHkh ns”k dh lsukvksa esa dke dj jgs ukStoku vQljksa vkSj flikfg;ksa ls vdsys esas iwNk gS fd os ns”k ds usrkvksa ds ckjs esa D;k lksprs gS\a muds fny esa uQjr ds “kksys HkM+d jgs gSAa mUgsa ukjktxh gS fd os rks cQZ] jsfxLrku vkSj rwQku esa [kM+s jgdj viuh tku dh ckth yxkdj ns”k dh lhekvksa dh j{kk dj jgs gS]a exj csbZeku usrk] vQlj vkSj dqN cM+s m|ksxifr ns”k ywVdj [kks[kyk fd, tk jgs gSAa D;k dHkh vkius oh-vkbZ-ih- lqj{kk djus okys CySd dSV dekMks ls iwNk gS fd bu ^oh-vkbZ-ih- yksxks*a ds Hkz’Vkpkj vkSj pfj=ghurk ds dkjukeksa dks ns[kdj fdruksa ds eu esa vkØks”k iui jgk gS\ 12fiNys ik¡p o’kks± esa vkids laj{k.k esa ns”k us lcls T;knk ?kksVkyscktksa dh ljdkj ns[kh gSA ij yxrk gS vkidks blls dksbZ QdZ ugha iM+rkA ns”k esa vkt gtkjksa lefiZr ;qod vkSj ;qofr;k¡ gS]a tks tksf[ke mBkdj xk¡o vkSj taxyksa esa vke vkneh ds gd dh 210

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

yM+kbZ yM+ jgs gSAa vkius rks ftanxh ds cgqr lq[k Hkksx fy,A mez esa Hkh vki dkQh cM+s gSAa dksbZ dPph x`gLFkh Hkh ugha] tks tksf[ke mBkus esa [krjk gksA blds ckn ije in ds vykok vc dksbZ in Hkh ugha cpk] ftls vki ikuk pkgsAa fQj vki D;k lkspdj ekSu gS\a 13bl mez esa Hkh dSls >sy ikrs gSa vki csbeZ kuksa vkSj nykyksa dh pkVqdkfjrk\ dSls eukrs gSa tylksa vkSj nkorksa esa t”us vktknh vki\ fdl uSfrd cy ls 26 tuojh dks [kM+s gksdj Lohdkj djrs gSa vki tkackt ns”kHkDr lsuk dh lykeh\ dSls lks ikrs gSa vki jk’Vªifr Hkou ds okrkuqdfw yr cSM:e esa fcNs ueZ xíksa ij\ dqN fnu ckn ;g lc ugha jgus okyk gSA cgqr&ls vk,] cgqr pys x,A vHkh Hkh oDr gSA fgEer dfj,A vxj pquko vk;ksx vkSj U;k;ikfydk vius laoSèkkfud nk;js esa] FkksM+s&ls lkgl ls gh] bruh gypy iSnk dj ldrs gSa] rks vkids vfèkdkj rks vlhfer gSaA c”krsZ vki ljdkjh eqykfteksa vkSj usrkvkssa dh lykg dh ijokg u djsAa mu yksxksa dks cqyk,a]s tks fcuk ljdkjh lqfoèkkvksa ds tksf[ke mBkdj bZekunkjh vkSj ns”kHkfDr ls bl ns”k dh rLohj cnyus ds fy, o’kks± ls jkr&fnu tqVs gSAa ,sls reke yksx gSAa os vkils x.kra= fnol ij ukxfjd vokMZ ysus ugha vkrsA mUgsa rks vkidks cqykuk iM+x s k] D;ksfa d tc os vkrs gS]a rks vkids yksx mUgsa vki rd igq¡pus ugha nsrAs geus lquk gS fd vki Lo;a dks oS’.ko ekurs gSa vkSj Hkkxor dk vkius vPNk vè;;u fd;k gSA vkius i`Fkq egkjkt] izg~ykn egkjkt] èkzqo egkjkt] cfy egkjkt o tud egkjkt tSls jktkvksa ds lanHkZ esa “kkldkssa ds drZO;ksa ds ckjs esa i<+k gksxkA rks fQj vkius drZO;foeq[k jktkvksa dh nqnZ”kk ds ckjs esa Hkh i<+k gksxkA fQj vki ekSu D;ksa gS\a ge pkgrs gSa fd vki igy djs]a rkfd 1ns”k esa ftrus Hkh cM+s vfèkdkfj;ksa ds f[kykQ Hkz’Vkpkj dh tk¡p dks ljdkj us jksd j[kk gS] ml jksd dks QkSju lEkkIr fd;k tk, vkSj tk¡p ,tsfa l;ksa dks mPp Lrj ds reke Hkz’V vfèkdkfj;ksa ds f[kykQ tk¡p dh iwjh NwV nh tk,A ftuls mEehn Fkh--- %

211

2lq[kjke vkSj t;yfyrk dksbZ viokn ugha gSAa ge pkgrs gSa fd vk;dj vkSj lh-ch-vkbZ- okys fuHkZ; gksdj ns”k ds lHkh cM+s usrkvksa dh lEifÙk dh tk¡p djsAa 3tSlk x`gea=h us Hkh dgk gS] lHkh lkaln viuh vk; vkSj laifÙk dh rqjra ?kks’k.kk djsAa vki ;g lqfuf”pr djsAa 4bu ekeyksa esa nks’kh ik, tkus okyksa ds f[kykQ dM+h dk;Zokgh dh tk,A 5fujFkZd dkuwuksa dks cnyus o O;oLFkk dks ikjn”khZ cukus ds fy, vki ,d jk’VªO;kih cgl dk vkOgku djsAa blesa lafoèkku la”kksèku ds fy, Bksl izLrko ek¡xAas blls ns”k esa cnyko dh gok cusxhA 6tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM ds vkjksih lHkh usrkvksa o nwljs yksxksa dks VkMk esa can dj muij ns’knzkgs ds eqdnes pyk, tk,asA 7jk’Vªifr Hkou ls jkt Hkouksa rd] eaf=;ksa ls ysdj vQljksa rd dh fQtwy[kphZ vkSj ekSt&eLrh ds lHkh dk;ZØeksa ij jksd yxkbZ tk,A ;g cckZnh ns”k dh esgurd”k xjhc turk ds lkFk Hkík etkd gSA 8vki jk’Vª ds uke ,d lan”s k fjdkMZ djok,sa tks bl izdkj gks] ^eSa ns”k dh nqnZ”kk ls cgqr nq[kh gw¡A Hkz’Vkpkj us ns”k dks [kks[kyk dj fn;k gSA turk yqV jgh gSA vc eSa vkSj cnkZ”r ugha dj ldrkA eSa vki lcls vihy djrk gw¡ fd vki fuMj gksdj vius&vius xk¡o] dLcs vkSj “kgj esa Hkz’V vfèkdkfj;ksa vkSj usrkvksa ds f[kykQ [kqydj dk;Zokgh djsa o ljdkjh fQtwy[kphZ #dok,sAa ljdkjh laifÙk dk futh mi;ksx u gksus ns]a u fj”or nsa u ysus nsAa vki gj brokj dh lqcg nl cts vius&vius èkeZ LFkkuksa esa ns”k dks Hkz’Vkpkj o “kks’k.k ls eqDr djkus dh izkFkZuk Hkxoku ls djsAa lkFk gh] ;fn laHko gks rks vki lkewfgd iz;kl ls gj èkeZ LFkku ij 212

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

lqcg&”kke xjhcksa ds fy, eq¶r Hkkstu dh O;oLFkk djsAa vius cPpksa dks “kghnksa o ns”kHkDrksa dh “kkS;Z xkFkk,sa lqukdj muesa ns”kizes ] R;kx o lknxh dh Tokyk izTofyr djsAsa Hkz’V vQljksa o usrkvksa ds f[kykQ iqfyl esa f”kdk;r ntZ djok,as o mldh ,d izfr eq>s o ,d izfr funs”kd lh-ch-vkbZ-] ubZ fnYyh ds uke HkstAas ;fn vki ,slk djs]a rks bZ”oj dh Ñik ls Hkkjr cgqr tYn viuh [kks;h gqbZ “kku o vkfFkZd etcwrh izkIr dj ldrk gSA ,slk esjk fo”okl gSA eSa vkids lkFk gw¡A* bl lan”s k dks gj jkst “kke nwjn”kZu o jsfM;ks ds lekpkjksa ls igys izlkfjr djok,aAs 9vki jkstkuk fcuk iwoZ lwpuk ds dkWyt s Nk=ksa ds chp nks ?k.Vk fcrk,as vkSj mUgsa vius yacs vuqHkoksa ds vkèkkj ij crk,sa fd vkidh ih<+h ls dgk¡ xyrh gqbZ vkSj vc mlls dSls fuiVk tk,\ var es]a eSa ,d lar dh ok.kh vkidks ;kn djkuk pkgrk gw¡ % tc rw vk;k txr esa] tx g¡lk rw jks;A djuh ,slh dj pyks] rqe g¡lks tx jks;AA vk”kk gS] vki bu ckrksa ij fopkj djsx a As Hkxoku ls izkFkZuk gS fd os vkidks vius dk;Zdky ds vafre dqN eghuksa esa gh Hkkjr ds dY;k.k dk fufeÙk cuk,as vkSj vki mlds lqik= cusAa vkids nh?kZ] ldkjkRed o eaxye; thou dh “kqHkdkeukvksa lfgr] ekr`Hkwfe dk mikld ,d ukStoku fouhr ukjk;.k laiknd] dkypØ 1996 esa egkRek xk¡èkh ds vkJe] lsokxzke ¼oèkkZ½ esa ,d 60 o’khZ; fl[k vtqZu flag len”khZ ls esjh eqykdkr gqbZA mudk ân; ns”k dh nqnZ”kk ls O;kdqy FkkA mUgsa esjh ckr Bhd yxh] rc ls os esjs s lkFk gks x,A vtqZu flag us ekpZ 1996 esa blh i= dks] FkksMs+ la”kksèku ds lkFk jk’Vªifr dks Hkstk o ,d iksLVj ds :i esa Niokdj Hkxr flag dh “kgknr ds fnu fnYyh dh nhokjksa ij fpidkdj viuk vkØks”k ftuls mEehn Fkh--- %

213

izdV fd;kA bl iksLVj ij eksVk&eksVk “kh’kZd Nik Fkk& ^jk’Vªifr th vkidks “keZ ugha vkrh*\ fdarq jk’Vªifr dh vksj ls gesa u rks dksbZ mÙkj gh feyk vkSj u gh ckrphr ds fy, dksbZ U;kSrk gh vk;kA vkrk Hkh dSl\s gk¡] muds ineqDr gksus ls igys jk’Vªifr Hkou ls Qksu vk;k fd jk’Vªifr th vkils feyuk pkgrs gSAa eSua s euk djok fn;kA vc feyus ls D;k Qk;nk Fkk\ ;g ckr nwljh gS fd ineqDr gksus ds ckn MkW- “kekZ ds mPp fopkj v[kckjksa esa i<+us dks feyrs jgs fd Hkz’Vkpkj vkSj ns”knzkgs ls yM+us ds fy, ukStokuksa dks fuMj gksdj lkeus vkuk pkfg,A dSlk fojksèkkHkkl gS \

mi&jk’Vª i fr dk O;ogkj& dkypØ dh dSlsV o vU; lkexzh fujarj rRdkyhu mi&jk’Vªifr ds- vkj- ukjk;.ku ds ikl Hksth tkrh jgh gSA muds futh lfpo oh- v;~;kLokeh ls jtuh”k dbZ ckj O;fäxr :i ls feys vkSj esjs fy, le; ek¡xkA Jh v;~;kLokeh us Lo;a Qksu ij eq>s ;g vk”oklu fn;k fd os tYn gh esjh eqykdkr r; djok jgs gSAa ij irk ugha] D;ksa mi&jk’Vªifr Hkh bl eqís ij ckr djus esa ladksp djrs jgsA eq>s le; ugha fn;kA jkT; lHkk ds insu vè;{k gksus ds ukrs Hkh mi&jk’Vªifr dks tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM esa #fp ysuh pkfg, FkhA blds vykok MkW- ds-vkjukjk;.ku ftl le; tokgjyky usg: fo”ofo|ky;] ubZ fnYyh ds dqyifr Fks] ml le; eSa bl fo”ofo|ky; esa viuk “kksèk dk;Z dj jgk FkkA dwVuhfr ij Jh ukjk;.ku ds dbZ O;k[;kuksa esa eSa mifLFkr jgk gw¡A blds vykok Hkh vusd voljksa ij muls HksVa gqbZ gSA 15 twu 1997 dks eSua s Hkkjr ds rRdkyhu jk’Vªifr MkW- “kadj n;ky “kekZ o mi&jk’Vªifr ds-vkjukjk;.ku dks i= HkstAs buesa gokyk dkaM dh tk¡p esa lh-ch-vkbZ- dh dksrkgh dk foLr`r fooj.k FkkA vihy Fkh fd os izèkkuea=h ls dgsa fd bl dksrkgh dks le; 214

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

jgrs nwj fd;k tk,A mi&jk’Vªifr ds futh lfpo oh- v;~;kLokeh dk 15 tqykbZ 1997 dk fy[kk i= vk;k ftles]a mUgksua s vk”oLr fd;k fd mi&jk’Vªifr egksn; us esjs i= dks izèkkuea=h ds ikl mfpr dk;Zokgh ds fy, fHktok fn;k gSA blh nkSjku tc Hkkjr ds eq[; U;k;kèkh”k us vius Åij iM+ jgs rFkkdfFkr ncko dh ckr tx tkfgj dh rks eSua s Lo;a Jh v;~;kLokeh ls ckr dhA mUgksua s cgqr eèkqj “kCnksa esa crk;k fd mi&jk’Vªifr egksn; esjh fuMjrk o lrr~ la?k’kZ djus dh izo`fÙk ls csgn izHkkfor gSa vkSj dgrs gSa fd os tYnh gh eq>ls feysx a As Jh v;~;kLokeh us ;g Hkh dgk fd pwfa d mi&jk’Vªifr th fQygky jk’Vªifr in dk pquko yM+ jgs gSAa blesa mUgsa ,sls dbZ usrkvksa dk lg;ksx fey jgk gS tks nqHkkZX; ls gokyk dkaM esa vkjksfir gSAa blfy, mUgsa la”k; gS fd ;fn ,sls le; esa os eq>ls feyrs gS]a rks dgha bldk xyr lan”s k u tk, vkSj ;s usrk m[kM+ u tk,sAa blfy, os pquko gksrs gh eq>ls t:j feysx as As esjs ikl muds bl izLrko dks Lohdkj djus ds vykok dksbZ pkjk u FkkA blds rqjra ckn gh os jk’Vªifr pqu fy, x,A ds- vkjukjk;.ku dks 25 tqykbZ 1997 dks eSua s iqu% ,d i= fy[kkA blesa eSua s mUgsa cèkkbZ nsrs gq, fy[kk] ^eq>s izlUurk gS fd vkius jk’Vª ds uke vius izFke lEcksèku esa gh Hkz’Vkpkj ds eqís dks mBk;kA bl fof”k’V in ij vki ,sls laØe.k dky esa vklhu gq, gS]a tcfd lkoZtfud thou esa uSfrd ewY;ksa dk iw.kZ âzkl gks pqdk gSA cgql[a ;d vke Hkkjrh;ksa dks Hkz’V jktusrk vkSj vQlj iSj dh èkwy le>rs gSAa vktknh ds ipklosa o’kZ esa vkRefujh{k.k dh t:jr gSA ;fn vki pkgsa rks le; dh jsr ij vius infpUg NksMd + j tk ldrs gSAa ik¡p o’kZ ckn tc vki lsokfuo`Ùk gksa rks vke fganqLrkuh vkids fy, vk¡lw cgk,] ^;s tk jgk gS og balku ftlus gekjh ftanxh cny nhA* xuher gS fd bl i= ds ckn cgqr de uksfVl ij jk’Vªifr Hkou ls Qksu vk;k fd jk’Vªifr th “kke dks cqyk jgs gSAa ml fnu ftuls mEehn Fkh--- %

215

eSa eqca bZ esa Fkk vkSj ogk¡ dk dk;ZØe vpkud NksMd + j ugha vk ldrk FkkA 1998 dh xfeZ;ksa esa tc jk’Vªifr lSj ds fy, f”keyk x,] rks iwjs fgekpy izn”s k ls Hkkjh ek=k esa iqfyl mudh lqj{kk ds fy, f”keyk dh igkfM+;ksa ij pkjksa rjQ QSyk nh xbZA bl nkSjku fgekpy izn”s k vkfFkZd fnokfy;siu ds nkSj ls xqtj jgk FkkA ljdkjh eqykfteksa dks ru[okg rd ugha fey ik jgh FkhA fodkl ds dke BIi iM+s FksA ml ij jk’Vªifr ds lSj&likVs dk dk;ZØe vk x;kA mYys[kuh; gS fd f”keyk esa xfeZ;k¡ fcrkus dh ijaijk vaxzst okW;ljk; ds tekus dh gS] ftls ekStnw k O;oLFkk Hkh <ks jgh gSA ,slk ugha gS fd jk’Vªifr Hkou dks fnYyh dh Hkh’k.k xehZ dh ekj lguh iM+rh gksA lHkh tkurs gSa fd jk’Vªifr Hkou dk thou lkr flrkjk gksVy ls Hkh c<+dj gSA “kku&”kkSdr vkSj euksjt a u ds lkjs bartke gSAa ftl oDr bl ns”k ds nfyr] fiNM+]s “kksf’kr vkSj djksMk+ as xjhc yksx xehZ dh vkx esa >qyldj QqVikFkksa ij ne rksM+ jgs gksrs gSa ml oDr ntZuksa bathfu;j ;g lqfuf”pr djus esa tqVs jgrs gSa fd jk’Vªifr Hkou ds Hkhrj okrkuqdfw yr dejksa dh BaMd esa jÙkh Hkj deh u vk tk,A ,sls esa f”keyk tkuk ml xjhc izn”s k ij ukgd Hkkj Mkyuk gSA oSls ;g rF; jkspd gS fd vaxzt s ok;ljk; tc vkSlr fganqLrkuh dh vkenuh dk lkr gtkj xquk vius Åij [kpZ djrk Fkk] rks egkRek xkaèkh us mldh fQtwy[kphZ dh vkykspuk dh FkhA tcfd ok;ljk; rks fczVus dh egkjkuh dk izfrfufèk FkkA ijarq Hkkjr esa rks yksdra= gSA ;gk¡ dk jk’Vªifr djksMk+ as cscl fganqLrkfu;ksa ds fgrksa dk j{kd vkSj izfrfufèk gksrk gSA ij nq%[k dh ckr gS fd vkt gekjs ns”k ds jk’Vªifr ij vkSlr fganqLrkuh ds eqdkcys pkSng gtkj xquk [kpZ jkst gksrk gSA dtsZ ys&ysdj dke pykus okyh ljdkjs]a D;k ;s [kpZ de ugha dj ldrha\ tc jk’Vªifr dh lsok esa fgekpy iqfyl yxh Fkh rks d”ehj ds vkradokfn;ksa us ekSds dk Qk;nk mBk;k vkSj ,sls bykdksa esa 216

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

Hkh’k.k ujlagkj fd;k tgk¡ igys dHkh vkradoknh ugha igqp a s FksA eSua s 24 twu 1998 dks fpark izdV djrs gq, mUgsa iqu% ,d i= fy[kkA ftlesa eSua s fy[kk] ^fgeky; dh jkuh dh xksn esa vkids “kkafriw.kZ vodk”k esa eSa O;oèkku ugha Mkyuk pkgrkA ij vkidh ,s”kxkg ls dqN igkfM+;k¡ nwj gh vkradokfn;ksa }kjk dh xbZ ân;fonkjd gR;kvksa us eq>s etcwj dj fn;k gSA* bl i= esa eSua s iqu% mUgsa ;kn fnyk;k fd d”ehj ds vkradokn dks feyus okyh foÙkh; enn ds reke lcwrksa ds ckotwn gokyk dkaM dh tk¡p u gksuk gh ,slh nq?kZVukvksa dk dkj.k gSA mUgsa ,d ckj fQj os lkjs rF; ;kn fnyk, tks mUgsa dqN igy djus ds fy, izfs jr dj ikrsA bl i= esa eSua s ;g Hkh fy[kk fd vkradokn dh leL;k ij vxj ns”k ds loksZPp in ij cSBs O;fDr bl rjg mnklhu jgsx a ]s rks bl leL;k dk gy dSls fudysxk\ blh i= esa eSua s mUgsa ;kn fnyk;k fd muds lfØ; gksus ls mudk dksbZ dqN ugha fcxkM+ ik,xkA ^tgk¡ rd lsokfuo`fÙk ds ckn fnYyh esa fo”kky ljdkjh caxys o vU; lqfoèkkvksa dk iz”u gS] rks mUgsa vkils dksbZ ugha Nhu ik,xkA D;ksfa d vkids iwoZorhZ yksxksa us cM+h cs”kehZ ls vius fy, bu lqfoèkkvksa dks LFkk;h #i ls lqfuf”pr djok fy;k gSA* Jh ukjk;.ku ds jk’Vªifr cuus ds ckn ls muds lfpo v;~;kLokeh dbZ ckj Qksu ij ckr dj pqds FksA gj ckj mudk ;gh dguk gksrk Fkk fd jk’Vªifr th vkids la?k’kZ ds iz”kald gSa vkSj tYn gh vkils feysx a As ij feyrs ughaA “kk;n ;g O;oLFkk gh ,slh gS tks lÙkkèkh”kksa dks pgkjnhokjh esa dSn dj ysrh gS vkSj rHkh NksMr+ h gS tc vkneh dqN djus ds ;ksX; ugha jgrkA vxj jk’Vªifr vkSj mi&jk’Vªifr ds in ij cSBs O;fDr ns”k ij vk, brus cM+s lad a V ls cs[kcj jguk pkgrs gS]a rks fdl uSfrdrk ls ;s bZekunkjh o R;kx vkSj la?k’kZ dk lan”s k ns”k dh ;qok ih<+h dks nsrs gS\a ftuls mEehn Fkh--- %

217

218

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

20 ehfM;k dh Hkwfedk Vsyhfotu o fizVa nksuksa gh foèkkvksa esa dke dk yack vuqHko gksus ds dkj.k eq>s [kwc irk gS fd ,d i=dkj ds dke esa fdl rjg ds jksMs+ vVdk, tkrs gSAa blfy, ehfM;k ds vius fdlh Hkh lkFkh ls dksbZ f”kdk;r ugha gSA ij lkFk gh ;g dgus esa dksbZ ladksp ugha gS fd gokyk dh yM+kbZ ds nkSjku ^ehfM;k eSut s esVa * dks ftl rjg xgjkbZ ls le>us dk ekSdk feyk] oSlk igys dHkh ugha feyk FkkA vDlj gksrk ;g gS fd ,d jktuhfrd ny ds dqN O;fDr;ksa ds f[kykQ tc nwljs nyksa ds yksx dksbZ eqík mBkrs gS]a rks ehfM;k izk;% caV tkrk gSA tks v[kckj ekfyd ml ny ds izfr lgkuqHkwfr j[krs gS]a os fLFkfr dks laHkkyus dh dksf”k”k djrs gSAa tks fojksèk esa gksrs gSa muds v[kckj ds rsoj geykoj gks tkrs gSAa cgqr FkksMs+ gS]a tks rVLFk jg tkrs gSAa tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM dh fo”ks’krk ;g gS fd blesa reke nyksa ds izeq[k usrk “kkfey gSAa blh ls lc lehdj.k fcxM+ x,A cksQkslZ gks ;k yD[kwHkkbZ ikBd dsl] pkjk ?kksVkyk gks ;k cSd a ?kksVkyk buds ckjs essa ns”kokfl;ksa dks dksbZ Hkzkfa r ugha gSA dkSu ?kksVkys esa “kkfey gS\ fdlus ?kksVkys dk HkaMkQksM+ fd;k\ dkSu tk¡p dj jgk gS\ fdlus laln esa “kksj epk;k\ dkSu vnkyr esa x;k\ ;s lkjh ckrsa yksxksa dh tkudkjh esa lkQ&lkQ gSAa ysfdu tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM ds ckjs esa ,slk ugha gSA jkst v[kckj i<+us okys ls Hkh vxj vki iwNas fd tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM D;k gS] rks mÙkj feysxk& ujflag jko dk ‘kM~;= a A vxj iwNas fd bl dsl dks fdlus mBk;k vkSj dkSu yM+k] rks nl i<+& s fy[ks yksxksa esa ls ukS dks irk gh ugha ehfM;k dh Hkwfedk %

219

gksxk] vxj iwNas gokyk dsl ds vkjksih usrk D;ksa NwV x,] rks tokc feysxk fd lcwr ds vHkko esAa bl iqLrd ds fiNys iUusa i<+dj vki le> x, gksx a s fd ;s mÙkj lgh ugha gSA tkfgj gS fd ehfM;k dh rjQ dgha dksbZ deh jg xbZ gS] ftldh otg ls yksxksa rd vktkn Hkkjr ds bfrgkl esa lcls cM+k jktuhfrd rwQku [kM+k djus okys tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj& vkradokn&gokyk dkaM ds ckjs esa vèkwjh vkSj Hkzked tkudkjh gSA ,slk D;ksa gqvk ;g i=dkfjrk ij “kksèk djus okys “kks|kfFkZ;ksa dh #fp dk fo’k; gks ldrk gSA fQygky bl la?k’kZ esa ehfM;k dh Hkwfedk ij dqN vuqHko ck¡Vuk t:jh gSA 2 flrEcj 1993 dks dkypØ ohfM;ks dSlVs ds nlosa vad ds izl s fizO;w ds lkFk jke tsBeykuh ds ?kj gekjh lk>h izl s dkUÝsl a “kq: gqbAZ ij vxys fnu ds v[kckjksa esa [kcj ,sls Nih ekuks bl lkjs dkaM dk inkZQk”k Jh tsBeykuh us fd;k gks] tcfd dSlVs ns[kus ds ckn lkQ Fkk fd bl dkaM dh [kkst esa nks eghus ls yxh dkypØ dh Vhe dsoy dkuwuh jk; ysus ds edln ls Jh tsBeykuh ds ikl vkbZ FkhA bl dkaM dks mtkxj djus esa mudh dksbZ Hkwfedk ugha FkhA fQj Hkh dsoy ohj vtquZ v[kckj us foLr`r [kcj nhA LVsVl ~ eSu vkSj nSfud tkxj.k us Hkh dkypØ ohfM;ks dh bl fjiksVZ dk FkksMk+ mYys[k fd;kA blds ckn tc flrEcj 1993 esa gokyk dkaM mtkxj djus okyh ohfM;ks if=dk dkypØ ds nlosa vad ij Hkkjr ljdkj ds lal s j cksMZ us vius fu.kZ; ckj&ckj cny dj varr% izfrcaèk yxk;k] rks eSa viuh lg;ksxh tq>k: efgyk i=dkj vehuk “ksjokuh ds lkFk lHkh v[kckjksa ds n¶rjksa esa x;k vkSj mUgsa foLrkj ls iwjh ckr crkbZA blls igys Hkh tc dHkh lal s jcksMZ okyksa us dkypØ dks ijs”kku fd;k] rks fnYyh ds yxHkx lHkh i=&if=dkvksa us izeq[krk ls [kcj NkihA dbZ&dbZ dkyeksa esa vkSj cM+& s cM+s gsfMax lsA tc rd lsl a j us lfVZfQdsV ugha fn;k] rc rd yxkrkj dkypØ ds mu vadksa ds 220

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

fo’k; esa dqN u dqN v[kckjksa esa Nirk jgkA bl nkSjku dbZ ckj ns”k ds izfrf’Br vaxzt s h v[kckjksa esa laikndh; i`’B ij dkypØ ds ckjs esa cM+& s cM+s ys[k fy[ks x,A tcfd ;s reke eqís tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj& vkradokn&gokyk dkaM dh rqyuk esa dqN Hkh ugha FksA geus 8 flrEcj 1993 dks fnYyh ds izl s Dyc esa laoknnkrk lEesyu cqykdj lsl a j cksMZ dh dkjLrkfu;kas dh ckr lizek.k j[kh] rks Hkh vk”p;Ztud :i ls bldk fo”ks’k mYys[k vxys fnu ds izeq[k v[kckjksa esa ugha gqvkA ,slk yxk] tSls pkjksa rjQ ,d [kkSQukd lUukVk&lk Nk x;k FkkA dsoy ohj vtqZu] vej mtkyk] ubZ nqfu;k] ik;fu;j] uoHkkjr VkbEl] ikUptU;] VkbEl vkWQ bafM;k o LØhu us lsl a j cksMZ ds fo#) [kcj dk dqN mYys[k fd;kA bl ekeys esa eqca bZ dh ehfM;k T;knk l”kDr jghA eqca bZ ds bafM;u ,Dlizl s ] Ýh&izl s tjuy] eqca bZ ldkWy] tUeHkwfe] tulÙkk] izoklh o VkbEl vkWQ bafM;k ds mu laoknnkrkvksa us cgqr cgknqjh dk ifjp; fn;k ftUgksua s 22 flrEcj 1993 dks eqca bZ ds ejkBk i=dkj la?k ds dk;kZy; esa gqbZ esjh izsl dkUÝsal ds ckn tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM esa fyIr usrkvksa ds uke ysdj nenkj [kcjsa NkihaA ml oDr ds ekgkSy esa bl rjg dh [kcj Nkiuk vklku ckr u FkhA tc vDVwcj 1993 esa gokyk ekeys ij geus ;kfpdk nk;j dh vkSj loksZPp U;k;ky; esa eqdnek eatjw gqvk] rks ;g [kcj rgydk epkus ds fy, dkQh FkhA vke rkSj ij loksZPp U;k;ky; esa dksbZ luluh[kst eqdnek nk;j gksrk gS] rks mldh [kcj izeq[krk ls Nirh gSA ;gk¡ ns’k ds 115 rkdroj yksxksa ds f[kykQ geus laxhu tqeks± ds vkjksi yxkrs gq, tufgr ;kfpdk nk;j dhA ij bl [kcj dks LVsV~leSu ds vykok jktèkkuh ds ‘ks”k izfrf’Br v[kckjksa us fcydqy BaMk dj fn;kA ns”k esa fdlh dks dqN irk gh ugha pyk fd D;k gks x;kA blfy, ;kfpdk nk;j djus ds ckn dkypØ us ehfM;k dh Hkwfedk %

221

bldh tkudkjh ns”kHkj ds v[kckjksa dks HksthA blds ckotwn bls vuns[kk dj fn;k x;kA fnlEcj 1993 esa tc lqizhe dksVZ us gekjh ;kfpdk ij lhch-vkbZ- dks uksfVl tkjh fd;k rks bldh [kcj dks Hkh dkQh nckdj Nkik x;kA tq>k: ekus tkus okys v[kckj bafM;u ,Dlizl s rd us Hkhrj ds i`’B ij ,d NksVh&lh [kcj NkihA blds rRdkyhu dk;Zdkjh laiknd izHkq pkoyk mu fnuksa izk;% Jh tsBeykuh ds ?kj vkrs Fks vkSj gj ckj eSa muls bl ekeys dks v[kckj esa mBkus dk fuosnu djrk FkkA os dksjk vk”oklu nsdj dUuh dkV tkrs FksA irk ugha D;ks\a bruh egÙoiw.kZ [kcj dks v[kckjksa esa bl rjg BaMk fd, tkus dk dkj.k [kkstus ij mu v[kckjksa esa dke djus okys gekjs i=dkj fe=ksa us gh crk;k fd ^mUgksua s rks iwjh [kcj fy[kh FkhA ij irk ugha dgk¡ ls ncko vk;k fd Åij ds yksxksa us vkf[kjh {k.k esa mls Nius ls jksd fn;kA* ;g Hkh irk pyk fd dqN v[kckj ekfydksa dks dsna zh; eaf=;ksa us izfs jr fd;k fd os nwljs v[kckjksa ds laikndksa ls Hkh ckr dj bl [kcj dks jksdus ;k nckus dh dksf”k”k djsAa blds ckn tc dkypØ ds gokyk vad ij ls 22 uoEcj 1993 dks izfrcaèk gVk vkSj ftl rjg dk ,sfrgkfld fu.kZ; U;k;ewfrZ ch- ysfa Vu us fn;k] mlds ckn bl dkaM ij i=&if=dkvksa esa cM+& s cM+s ys[k Nius pkfg, Fks] D;ksfa d rc gekjs vkjksiksa ij ,d e”kgwj U;k;ewfrZ dh LohÑfr dh eqgj yx xbZ FkhA ij nqHkkZX; ls ,slk ugha gqvkA 2 flrEcj 1993 dks gq, dkypØ ds nlosa vad ds izl s fizO;w] tsBeykuh th ds ?kj gekjh iszl dkUÝsl a ] lsl a j cksMZ }kjk dkypØ dh bl ohfM;ks dSlVs dks ysdj ckj&ckj vius fu.kZ; cnyuk] U;k;ewfrZ Jh ysfa Vu dk ,sfrgkfld fu.kZ;] lqizhe dksVZ esa tufgr ;kfpdk nkf[ky gksuk] bl luluh[kst ekeys dks nckus ds vkjksi esa lh-ch-vkbZ- dks lqihz e dksVZ dk uksfVl tkjh gksuk vkSj ns”k dh “kh’kZ tk¡p ,tsl a h lh-ch-vkbZ- dk csudkc gksuk] 14 tuojh 1994 dks lh222

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

ch-vkbZ- }kjk lqihz e dksVZ esa “kiFk i= nkf[ky dj gekjs yxHkx lHkh vkjksiksa dks eku ysuk vkfn ;s lc tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM ls tqMh+ bruh cM+h [kcjas Fkha fd mlds ckn rks iwjs ns”k ds ehfM;k esa rgydk ep tkuk pkfg, FkkA vkradokn vkSj ns”knzkgs ds brus cM+s dkaM dks lkft”ku nck, j[kus ds ekeys ij lh-ch-vkbZ- dh ns”k ds lHkh v[kckjksa esa vkSj Vhoh pSuyksa ij [kwc f[kapkbZ gksuh pkfg, FkhA ij ,slk dqN Hkh ugha gqvkA ;g cgqr fujk”kk vkSj vk”p;Z dh ckr FkhA eSa jtuh”k ds lkFk tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM ls lEcafèkr dkuwuh dkxtksa dh iksVyh ysdj ,d&,d v[kckj ds n¶rj esa HkVdrk jgrkA v[kckj ds laikndks]a C;wjks ds ofj’B i=dkjksa o vU; lkfFk;ksa ls dHkh n;uh; Hkko ls vkSj dHkh mRrstuk esa tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM dh xgjkbZ;ksa dks crkrk vkSj ,d tquuw h O;fä dh rjg ,d&,d dkxt ij maxfy;k¡ pykdj fn[kkrkA eSa ;g Hkh dgrk fd ;fn vki bl dkaM dks jk’Vª ds lkeus ykus okys dkypØ ohfM;ks dk ;k gekjk ftØ ugha djuk pkgsa rks u djsAa ij bl ekeys dks rks jk’Vªfgr esa mBk,sAa lc esjh ckrsa lqurs vkSj xEHkhj gks tkrs ;k fQj ;g dgdj dUuh dkV tkrs fd bl ekeys esa dqN gksus okyk ugha gSA esjs iwoZ lgikBh o bdkWuksfed VkbEl ds foosd Hkkjrh us tc lkjh ckrsa lquha] rks cgqr fpafrr gks x, vkSj cksys fd eq>s rqEgkjs thou dh cgqr fpark gSA bafM;k VqMs ds dk;Zdkjh laiknd o iqjkus fe= “ks[kj xqIrk ds ?kj tc eSa dSlVs vkSj dkxt nsus x;k] rks mUgksua s Hkh esjs Hkfo’; dks ysdj fpark vkSj lgkuqHkwfr trkbZ vkSj esjs daèks ij gkFk j[kdj dgk fd bl ekeys esa dqN gksus okyk ugha gSA ij ckn esa tc os bafM;u ,Dlizl s ds laiknd cu x, rks bafM;u ,Dlizl s us yxkrkj bl dsl dks te dj mBk;kA tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM esa brus cM+s yksxksa dks “kkfey ns[kdj lHkh ofj’B i=dkjksa us okRlY;iw.kZ lykg nh fd ehfM;k dh Hkwfedk %

223

dqN ugha gksxk] ekeys dks ;gha NksM+ nksA dqN us rks lkQ dgk fd tks iSlk fey jgk gS] ys yks vkSj ekSt djksA izeq[k jk’Vªh; vaxzt s h nSfud ds ,d laiknd us rks lkQ dgk fd] ^fouhr] eSa vkidh fgEer dh nkn nsrk gw¡] ij D;k d:¡] bl ekeys ij dqN Hkh fy[kus esa eSa viuh uiql a drk Lohdkj djrk gw¡A* eSua s rqjra ,p- ds- nqvk th dks Qksu dj ;g ?kVuk crkbZ vkSj muls iwNk fd D;k uiql a d yksxksa ds fy, izl s esa dksbZ txg gksrh gS\ os gal fn,A ij nq[k bl ckr dk gS fd Jh nqvk us Hkh bl ekeys ij ml L;kg nkSj esa cgqr ckj dgus ds ckotwn yacs le; rd dksbZ ys[k ;k laikndh; ugha fy[kkA flrEcj 1993 ls twu 1994 rd dkypØ dk;kZy; ls geus ns”k ds lSdM+kas v[kckjksa ds uke tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk + j dkaM ij Mkd ls lkexzh HksthA ij dqN {ks=h; v[kckjksa dks NksMd fdlh us ml ij è;ku ugha fn;kA bl dkaM dh isphnfx;ksa dks crkus ds fy, eSa [kqn dqynhi uS;j] fuf[ky pØorhZ] [kq”koar flag] lqeu nqc]s ,p-ds- nqvk] oh-,u- ukjk;.ku] fnyhi iMxkaodj] lquhy lsBh] “kSytk oktis;h] v#.k iqjh vkSj reke nwljs cM+s i=dkjksa ds ?kj vkSj n¶rj x;kA ;g lkspdj fd ;s vius dkWye esa ftØ djsx a As ij dgha ls dksbZ lg;ksx ugha feykA dqynhi uS;j dks eSa i=dkfjrk esa viuk “kqHkfpard vkSj xkWMQknj ekurk gw¡A mUgksua s dkypØ dh LFkkiuk esa lg;ksx fd;k FkkA ij os Hkh bl ekeys esa dkQh <hys jgsA cgqr dgus ij mUgksua s vius lkIrkfgd dkWye esa bl dkaM dk pyrkÅ mYys[k dj fn;kA v#.k “kkSjh dh llqjky ls esjs 1978 ls lEcaèk gSAa bl ukrs eSa mUgsa thtk th dgrk vk;k gw¡A bafM;u ,Dlizl s dh gM+rky ds nkSjku 1987 esa eSua s tku tksf[ke esa Mkydj Jh “kkSjh dk lkFk fn;k FkkA tc eSa muds ikl gokyk dsl dh ;kfpdk dh QksVks izfr;k¡ ysdj x;k] rks mUgksua s bl ij ys[k fy[kus dk vk”oklu fn;kA dkxtkr j[k fy,] ij fy[kk dqN ughaA dqN eghus ckn ;kn fnykus ij 224

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

mUgksua s dgk fd os dkxtkr [kks x,] nqckjk Hkst nksA nqckjk dkxt Hkstus ds ckn Hkh mUgksua s dqN ugha fy[kk] rks eSua s rhljh ckj mUgsa ;kn fnyk;kA mudk tokc Fkk] ^fouhr] nht Mst vkbZ ,e ukWV jkbfVax vkWu ikfyfVdy b”kwtA ¼fouhr] eSa bu fnuksa jktuhfrd fo’k;ksa ij ugha fy[k jgk gw¡½A* bl ij eSua s [khtdj muls iwNk] dc&ls ugha fy[k jgs gS]a tc&ls tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM esa vkMok.kh th ds “kkfey gksus dk irk pyk gS\ bl rjg flrEcj 1993 ls 15 eghus dk ,d [krjukd] [kkeks”k] yack varjky eSua s HkksxkA yM+us dh fgEer VwVus ds fy, ;g le; dkQh FkkA ij ,slk ugha gqvkA eSua s bls pqukSrh dh rjg fy;kA tSlk igys ftØ vk pqdk gS] bl pqIih dks rksMu+ s ds fy,] tqykbZ 1994 eas geus igyh ckj dkypØ dk ,d fo”ks’k vaxt zs h v[kckj Nkik] tcfd gekjk dke Vhoh U;wt cukuk gh FkkA blesa [kcjsa ugha Fkha] cfYd viuh ;kfpdk o lh-ch-vkbZ- ds tokc dks T;ksa dk R;ksa iwjk Nki fn;k& U;k;ewfrZ Jh ysfa Vu dk fu.kZ; Hkh] rkfd laikndx.k vius odhyksa dks fn[kkdj bl dsl ds ckjs esa mudh jk; ys ys]a fQj de ls de dqN rks tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn& gokyk dkaM ds ckjs esa NkiaAs lkFk gh] bl v[kckj esa ns”k ds lHkh laikndksa vkSj e”kgwj i=dkjksa ds uke eSua s ,d [kqyk i= NkikA mu i=dkjksa ds uke Hkh NkisA i= bl izdkj Fkk& ^;g i= eSa vius ofj’B i=dkj caèkqvksa vkSj laikndksa dk è;ku vkÑ’V djus ds fy, fy[k jgk gw¡A [kkldj mu yksxksa ds fy,] ftuls fiNys eghuksa esa O;fäxr :i ls yxkrkj feydj eSa lcls cM+s ?kksVkys dks yksdra= ds fgr esa tksjnkj rjhds ls mBkus dh Qfj;kn djrk jgk gw¡A lcls cM+k ?kksVkyk blfy, fd i=dkfjrk ds bfrgkl esa ,slk “kk;n dHkh ugha gqvk tc 50 ls T;knk usrk vkSj 40 ls T;knk vkYkk vQlj ,d gh ?kksVkys esa Qal x, gksAa okVjxsV] bZjkuxsV] cksQkslZ] g”kZn esgrk o ykWdghM tSls ?kksVkys esa Hkh ,slk ugha gqvk FkkA ;g ekeyk loksZPp U;k;ky; esa yM+rs gq, gekjh ehfM;k dh Hkwfedk %

225

fouezrk vkSj fu’i{krk dh iz”kalk izeq[k U;k;kèkh”k egksn; rd us 14 tuojh 1994 dks dh] tcfd gekjs vkjksiksa ds tokc esa lh-ch-vkbZ- us ekuuh; U;k;kèkh”kksa ds le{k leiZ.k dj fn;kA ^eSa cM+h fouezrk ls vius ofj’B i=dkj caèkqvksa ls iwNuk pkgrk gw¡ fd yksdra= esa gekjh Hkwfedk D;k gS\ fu’i{k vkSj fuMj i=dkfjrk ;k pkVqdkfjrk\ vxj ge gh bl eqís dks ugha mBkrs] rks fQj izl s dh Lora=rk dkSu lqfuf”pr djsxk\ og Lora=rk] tks gesa bruh fiz; gSA eq>s vkids cgqeYw ; ekxZ funsZ”ku o lg;ksx dk bartkj jgsxkA vkidk fouhr ukjk;.k* ;g v[kckj eSua s 100 ls Hkh vfèkd izeq[k laikndksa ds uke Mkd ls HkstkA ij “kk;n os bldh xaHkhjrk dk lgh vanktk ugha yxk ldsA D;ksfa d u rks bldk mÙkj vk;k vkSj u fdlh v[kckj us bl dkaM ij nks cjl rd ,d laikndh; fy[kuk Hkh equkflc le>kA vycÙkk vfuy nhoku dks ;g v[kckj cgqr ilan vk;kA mUgksua s bldh ntZuksa dkWfi;k¡ eqca bZ ds cM+s odhyksa esa ckaVhaA geus Hkh bls ns”k ds lHkh gkbZdksVks± ds U;k;ewfrZ;ksa ds ikl Hkstk rFkk egÙoiw.kZ yksxksa esa ck¡VkA oSl]s 1993 esa tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM ij [kcj Nkius ds ekeys esa lcls T;knk fnysjh fnYyh tulÙkk o LVsV~leSu us fn[kkbZA gk¡] uoEcj 1994 ds ckn tc U;k;kèkh”kksa us dM+k #[k viuk;k] rks mlds ckn ehfM;k [kwc lfØ; gks x;kA ckn esa tSl& s tSls dsl ijoku p<+rk x;k] dqN tq>k: i=dkj lkfFk;ksa us blesa [kwc #fp yh vkSj ,d ls c<+dj ,d fjiksVZ NkihaA lc lkfFk;ksa ds uke rks ;kn ugha gS]a ysfdu U;k;ky; ^doj* djus okys dkuwuh laoknnkrkvksa ds vykok fnYyh ds fofHkUu v[kckjksa o if=dkvksa ls tqMs+ lat; diwj] gjh”k xqIrk] vkj- osd a Vje.k] jkts”k 226

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

tks”kh] pk#yrk tks”kh] jktw laFkkue] laxhrk egknk.kh] v#.k [kUuk] vfer izdk”k] bdcky] lqdeq kj eqjyhèkju] _rq ljhu] jkgqy ikBd] nsonÙk th] vf”ouh dqekj] vt; lwjh] izohu Lokeh] jktu uS;j] vfuy caly] tud flag] izcky eS=] osd a Vs”k jkeÑ’.ku] jeu Ñiky] f”kf”kj xqIrk] nhfidk ch- Bkdqj] HkwiUs nz dqekj Lusgh] f”k[kk f=osnh] lqnhi etqenkj] jktho lDlsuk] dey] vrqy flUgk] dweh diwj] Vh- in~eukHk jko] lnkuan ik.Ms] vk”kh’k lsu vkfn izeq[k gSAa 16 tuojh 1996 ds ckn rks Hkkjr gh ugha] iwjs fo”o esa v[kckj vkSj Vsyhfotu okyksa us tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM dh [kcj nhA fo’o dh yxHkx lHkh izeq[k Vhoh U;wt daifu;ksa us gels Hkh vkdj baVjO;w fy, vkSj rc ;g ekeyk iwjh nqfu;k dh [kcjksa esa Nk x;kA ;gk¡ ,d jkspd vuqHko dk ftØ djuk vuqfpr u gksxkA tSlk igys gh ntZ dj pqdk gw¡ fd fdu gkykr esa 22 vxLr 1993 dks tulÙkk esa bl dsl dh [kcj NihA blds ckn tkfgj Fkk fd tulÙkk ds fo”ks’k laoknnkrk jkecgknqj jk; bl ekeys esa #fp ysr]s D;ksfa d [kcj muds o jkts”k tks”kh ds uke ls Nih FkhA blfy, mUgksua s bl dsl esa #fp yh HkhA ysfdu os ckj&ckj ;gh fy[krs jgs fd gokyk dsl esa tks dqN ns”k esa gqvk] og mudh 22 vxLr dh [kcj ds dkj.k gqvkA ;g gkL;kLin gSA vxj [kcj ls dqN gksuk gksrk] rks nks lky igys fCyV~t esa Hkh ;g [kcj Ni pqdh FkhA ij ,d iÙkk Hkh ugha fgykA lkQ tkfgj gS fd tc bl dsl dks yM+us esa bruk dfBu la?k’kZ djuk iM+k] rks fQj ek= ,d [kcj Nius ls dSls bruk cM+k Hkwdia vk ldrk Fkk\ oSl]s gokyk dsl dh lQyrk ds ckn tulÙkk ds gh laikndh; esa fy[kk x;k Fkk fd bl dsl esa tks dqN gqvk og gekjh tufgr ;kfpdk ds dkj.k gqvkA ysfdu jkecgknqj jk; ugha pkgrs Fks fd bl ekeys esa gekjh Hkwfedk ds ckjs esa yksx tkusAa tgk¡ ekSdk feyk] la?k’kZ ds bu o’kks± esa izkRs lkfgr djus dh ctk; mUgksua s >wB dk [kwc lgkjk fy;kA blds reke izek.k ehfM;k dh Hkwfedk %

227

gekjs ikl gSAa mUgksua s Nkik fd ;kfpdkdrkZ vkMok.kh th dks cpk jgs gS]a tcfd eSa igys gh fnu ls tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM esa fyIr lHkh usrkvksa ds fo#) fu’i{krk ls viuk vfHk;ku pyk, gq, FkkA eSua s bu yksxksa dks Qksu ij crk;k fd vkMok.kh th dks cpkus dk dke jke tsBeykuh th dj jgs gS]a rks bUgksua s ;g ckr ugha Nkih] D;ksfa d Jh tsBeykuh muds v[kckj lewg ds lykgdkj FksA ckn esa rks iwjs ns”k dks gh Jh tsBeykuh dh bl djrwr dk irk py x;kA bl dsl esa nkf[ky esjs ,d egÙoiw.kZ “kiFk i= ds ckjs esa tulÙkk us [kcj Nkih fd mls odhy vfuy nhoku us nk;j fd;k gS] dkuwu dh FkksMh+ Hkh tkudkjh j[kus okys tkurs gSa fd eqdnes esa “kiFki= oknh tek djrs gS]a muds odhy ughaA Jh nhoku [kqn Hkh ;g ekurs gSa fd tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM ds lkjs eqdneksa dks yM+us dk] yxkrkj rhu o’kZ rd rF;ksa dks [kkstus dk vkSj “kiFk i=ksa dks nkf[ky djus dk lkjk dke vdsys eSua s gh fd;kA 16 tuojh 1996 dks tc Hkkjr ds bfrgkl esa igyh ckj ntZuksa dans zh; ea=h vkSj cM+s usrk tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM esa pktZ”khV gq,] rks iwjs fo”o esa luluh QSy xbZA bl lQyrk ls mRlkfgr gksdj 28 tuojh 1996 dks tc gekjs dqN lektdehZ fe=ksa us Hkz’Vkpkj ds fo#) ^”ka[kukn* uke ls ,d dk;ZØe dk vk;kstu fd;k] rks tulÙkk us cgqr gh Hkzked [kcj NkihA ^jktuhfr dk rkukckuk ctfj, gokyk* “kh’kZd ls çdkf”kr bl [kcj esa dgk x;k Fkk fd “ka[kukn uks,Mk esa gqvk] tcfd bldk vk;kstu dkypØ n¶rj ds ikl gh lQnjtax ,fj;k ds [kqys eSnku esa gqvk FkkA ^”ka[kukn* dh ?kks’k.kk okys foKkiu ds fy, iSlk dgk¡ ls vk;k] ;g loky [kcj esa mBkdj ikBdksa dks tkucw> dj Hkzfer djus dh dksf”k”k dh xbZ] tcfd rF; ;g gS fd ml foKkiu esa gh foKkiu nsus okys dk uke] irk vkSj dbZ Qksu uacj fy[ks gq, Fks] ftu ij Qksu dj ;g tkudkjh ekaxh tk ldrh Fkh] tks i=dkfjrk dk ,d 228

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

lkekU; rjhdk gSA fQj Hkh] tulÙkk us muls lEidZ dj ;g tkuus dh dksf”k”k ugha dh fd foKkiu ds fy, iSlk dgk¡ ls vk;kA jkspd rF; ;g gS fd tks tkudkjh ml foKkiu esa ugha Fkh] og bl [kcj esa nh xbZ FkhA elyu foKkiu nsus okys vkj- ds- Hkkj}kt ds ckjs es]a tks uks,Mk ds ,d tq>k: m|ksxifr gS]a fy[kk Fkk fd os ns”kHkDr VªLV ds lnL; gSAa tkfgj gS [kcj fy[kus okys dks muds ckjs esa vfrfjDr tkudkjh FkhA dk;ZØe ds vk;kstd vkj-ds- Hkkj}kt us bl Hkzked [kcj ds fojksèk esa tulÙkk ds laiknd jkgqy nso dks i= HkstkA tc mèkj ls dksbZ dkjZokbZ ugha gqbZ] rks [kqn muds n¶rj tkdj mUgsa i= Nkius ;k mldk tokc nsus dh pqukSrh nhA bl i= dk mÙkj tulÙkk us vkt rd ugha fn;k gS] Nkiuk rks mUgsa Fkk gh ughaA ,d vkSj vuqHko cgqr jkspd jgkA Jh nhoku us 7 vDVwcj 1994 dks vnkyr esa lh-ch-vkbZ- ds iwoZ&funs”kd fot; dj.k dk uke tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM esa iSls ysus okyksa esa fxuk] rks fot; dj.k dkQh QM+QM+k,A mUgkaus s fnYyh ds dbZ laikndksa ds lkeus fxM+fxM+k dj vius i{k esa ize[q k v[kckjksa esa [kcjsa Niok yhaA buesa bafM;u ,Dlizl s ds ,p-ds- nqvk o laMs ds laiknd ohj lka?koh Hkh FksA tc ;s yksx eq>s feys eSua s muls fot; dj.k ds xyr c;ku ds fo#) rF;ksa ij vkèkkfjr [kcj Nkius dks dgk] rks os Vky x,A Jh nqvk us dgk fd ekeyk U;k;ky; esa yafcr gSA ;g lp ugha FkkA ,slk Fkk] rks fot; dj.k dk c;ku gh D;ksa Nkik x;k\ njvly] ekeyk lc&T;wfMl ugha FkkA dksVZ dsoy tk¡p dh fuxjkuh dj jgk FkkA ;g ckr [kqn eq[; U;k;kèkh”k us vnkyr esa dgh FkhA ;gh gky nwljs v[kckjksa dk Hkh jgkA eSua s o oh-dsvksgjh us bl eqís ij 13 fnlEcj] 94 dks fnYyh esa ,d laoknnkrk lEesyu cqyk dj fot; dj.k ds c;ku ds fo#) viuh ckr dghA djhc 15 i=dkj vk,] ij [kcj vxys fnu dgha fn[kkbZ ugha nhA fot; dj.k viuh >wBh lQkbZ ns]a rks og Nis vkSj ge vxj dqN rF; Hkh ehfM;k dh Hkwfedk %

229

izLrqr djs]a rks mudh mis{kk dj nh tk,! ;g ckr esjh le> esa ugha vkbZA “kk;n dksbZ cqtqxZ i=dkj eq>s le>k ldsAa fCyV~t ds lat; diwj us Hkh ;kfpdk nk;j gksus ds ckn bl ekeys ij yxkrkj tedj fjiksfV±x dhA fe= gksus ds ukrs] ladksp rks gks jgk gS] ij lat; ds ckjs esa dqN fo”ks’k mYys[k djus dh t:jr gSA lat; us gj ckj fy[kk fd bl dkaM dk HkaMkQksM+ loZizFke 1991 esa mUgksua s gh fd;k Fkk vkSj bl mRlkg esa viuh [kcjksa esa mUgksua s bl dkuwuh yM+kbZ esa dkypØ dk uke izk;% nck;k ;k ^,d ohfM;ks if=dk* NkikA bruk gh ugha] gekjs dfBu la?k’kZ ds ckn feyh ,sfrgkfld lQyrk ds rqjra ckn 1996 esa lat; diwj us ,d fdrkc fy[kdj izdkf”kr djk nh& ^cSM euh&cSM ikWfyfVDl*] rkfd gekjs yacs la?k’kZ dk Js; os [kqn ys ldsAa bl iqLrd esa gokyk la?k’kZ dk vfèkdrj Js; lat; us Lo;a dks ;k lR;sna z dqekj tSu ¼ekek th½ dks nsus dh dksf”k”k dhA bruk gh ugha] 1996 esa gekjs dsl ds ckn ns”k dh jktuhfr esa vk, rwQku ds dkj.k mUgksua s ,f”k;k dk ,d izfrf’Br ,okMZ] ^eSu vkWQ n b;j* Hkh gkfly dj fy;kA lat; diwj us vKkr dkj.kksa ls lR;sna z dqekj tSu dks efgekeafMr djus dh dksf”k”k dh gSA oSls rks ikfjokfjd lEcaèkksa ds dkj.k Jh tSu esjs fj”rsnkj Fks] ij njvly os ,d jgL;e;] vfo”oluh;] LokFkhZ vkSj ludh fdLe ds cw<s+ bulku FksA lat; diwj us mUgsa bl rjg is”k fd;k ekuks ;g iwjh yM+kbZ lR;sna z dqekj tSu }kjk yM+h xbZ vkSj ge ek= muds gkFk esa dBiqryh Fks] tcfd lPpkbZ blds foijhr gSA eq>s lR;sUnz tSu ds ckjs esa dksbZ Hkze ughaA mudh Hkwfedk flQZ bruh Fkh fd os gesa lwyh ij p<+kdj vius eesjs HkkbZ lqjnas z tSu ij ncko Mkydj iSls ,sBa uk pkgrs Fks ;k le>kSrk djuk pkgrs FksA odhy oh-dsvksgjh us mudh uh;r cgqr igys igpku yh Fkh vkSj muls vDrwcj 1993 esa gh lkQ dg fn;k Fkk fd ;gk¡ mudh nky ugha xysxhA fQj Hkh os tcjnLrh gels fpids jgsA 14 fnlEcj 1993 dh jkr lR;sna z dqekj tSu us xtc dk jax fn[kk;k vkSj lqizhe 230

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

dksVZ ls ;kfpdk okil ysus ds fy, ,M+h ls pksVh dk tksj yxk fn;kA xkyh&xykSt ij mrj vk,A eq>s èkedkus yxs fd vxj eSua s ;kfpdk okil u yh rks os eq>s cckZn dj nsx a As ge nksuksa ds chp ;g cgl fnYyh eas g;kr gksVy ds lkeus fjax jksM ij gks jgh FkhA eSa dkj pyk jgk Fkk vkSj os esjs lkFk cSBs gq, FksA tc mudh ckrsa eq>ls cnkZ”r ugha gqb± rks eSua s ogha xkM+h jksddj muls dgk fd vki viuk jkLrk ukisa vkSj tks pkgsa dj ysAa eSua s ;g ;kfpdk fdlh dks CySdesy djus ds fy, ugha MkyhA eSa rks bl dsl dks var rd yMw¡xkA os nunukrs gq, dkj ls mrj dj rst pyus yxs] rks eSua s Hkh mÙksftr gksdj dgk fd vc iyV dj esjs n¶rj esa dne er jf[k,xkA vxys fnu 15 fnlEcj 1993 dks tc lh-ch-vkbZ- dks uksfVl tkjh gqbZ] rks cM+h cs”kehZ ls mUgksua s Qksu fd;k] ^cèkkbZ gks ! rqeus rks eSnku ekj fy;kA* muds [krjukd bjknksa dks tkuus ds ckn geus mudh dksbZ ijokg ugha dhA èkhjs&èkhjs os [kqn gh [kkeks”k cSB x,A vk”p;Z dh ckr gS fd tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM ij iqLrd fy[kus ls igys lat; diwj us ,d ckj Hkh gels ckr ugha dh] tcfd ;g ?kVuk eSa mUgsa cgqr igys gh Qksu ij crk pqdk FkkA “kk;n os ,slh lPpkbZ ls nwj jgdj gh viuh iqLrd fy[kuk pkgrs FksA ;gh dkj.k gS fd mudh iqLrd esa ;kfpdk nk;j gksus ds ckn ls lQyrk feyus rd ds rhu o’kks± ds dfBu la?k’kZ dh dksbZ tkudkjh ugha gSA lh-ch-vkbZ- dks uksfVl gksus ls ysdj U;k;ewfrZ Jh oekZ }kjk ekeyk mBkus ds chp ds ,d o’kZ esa bl la?k’kZ dks dSls ftank j[kk] bldk mUgsa irk gh ughaA vxj mudh fdrkc ds ghjks lR;sna z dqekj tSu dh ckr ekudj ;kfpdk okil ys yh gksrh ;k 1994 ds L;kg nkSj esa [krjksa vkSj rdyhQksa ls ?kcjkdj le>kSrk dj fy;k gksrk rks ekeyk ;gk¡ rd dSls igq¡prk\ tcfd esjs lg&;kfpdkdrkZ Hkh yxkrkj ;gh dgdj grksRlkfgr djrs jgs fd bl dsl esa dqN ugha gksxkA lat; diwj dks “kk;n blesa dksbZ #fp ugha gS] tcfd geus ehfM;k dh Hkwfedk %

231

dkypØ ds ntZuksa izdk”kuks]a ipks± o ohfM;ks eSxthu esa gj ml O;fä dk mYys[k izeq[krk ls yxkrkj fd;k gS ftlus blesa FkksMh+ lh Hkh Hkwfedk fuHkkbZA lat; diwj dk Hkh uke ge vius izdk”kuksa esa izeq[krk ls Nkirs jgsA tkdh jgh Hkkouk tSlh] gfj ewjr ns[kh rSlhA Hkxoku lcdk dY;k.k djsAa loksZPp U;k;ky; ds odhy o ogk¡ ^dojst* djus okys lHkh fofèk laoknnkrk tkurs gSa fd esjs vykok jtuh”k diwj us fdruh esgur vkSj rRijrk ls bl dsl dks yM+us esa esjk lkFk fn;k gSA vkt Hkh ge ;g yM+kbZ yM+ jgs gSAa fQj Hkh rhu&pkj i=dkj caèkqvksa us gh 1996 esa fo’k&oeu djus okys ys[k fy[kdj gekjh Hkwfedk dh mis{kk djus dh dqp’s Vk dh ;k ge ij >wBs vkjksi fpidkus dh dksf”k”k dhA ,slk fy[kus okys i=dkjksa ls tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn& gokyk dkaM esa vkjksfir usrkvksa ds lEcaèk iwjs ehfM;k txr~ dks ekywe gaSA blfy, geus muds ys[kksa ij izfrfØ;k O;ä djuk vko”;d ugha le>kA xuher gS fd i=dkfjrk txr~ esa fdlh us mUgsa xEHkhjrk ls ugha fy;kA ;g ckr nwljh gS fd mudh ,slh gh ^fof”k’V* lsokvksa ds fy, mUgsa dbZ rjg ls ^iqjLÑr* fd;k x;kA geus rks jke tsBeykuh ds dkjukeksa dks Hkh yacs le; rd fNik, j[kk] rkfd dsl ij xyr vlj u iM+As turk ds lg;ksx ls pank bdëk dj tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM ij tks yk[kksa ipsZ bu o’kks± esa geus ns”k Hkj esa ckaVs] muesa Hkh vius rhuksa lg&;kfpdkdrkZvksa ds uke dk Hkh yxkrkj llEeku mYys[k fd;kA tc rd fd mUgksua s gh LokFkZo”k lsgjk vius flj ck¡èkus ds ykyp esa Qjojh 1996 esa esjs f[kykQ Hkzked fVIif.k;k¡ djuk “kq: ugha dj fn;k] eSua s muds f[kykQ dgha dksbZ fVIi.kh ugha dh] tcfd ,slk djus ds mUgksua s vusd volj fn, FksA bysDVªkWfud i=dkfjrk djus okys yksxksa us Hkh bl dkaM esa cgqr fnuksa rd dksbZ #fp ugha yhA U;wtVªSd] vkbZ foVusl] th Vhoh o nwjn”kZu] lHkh dks dkypØ dh ohfM;ks dSlSV o lkexzh uoEcj 232

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

1993 esa gh Hksth xbZ] ij fdlh us bl ij è;ku ugha fn;kA uoEcj 1994 ds ckn futh pSuy okys Vhoh Øw dHkh&dHkh ^dojst* rks djrs Fks] ij vnkyr ls fudyrs gq, lh-ch-vkbZ- funs’kd fot; jkekjko ;k jktLo lfpo f”kojkeu ds flQZ ckgj fudyus dkA muls dHkh dsl dh dkuwuh ckjhfd;ksa dks ysdj rh[ks tokc ryc ugha fd, x,A vxj djrs] rks ns”k dks bu vQljksa dh vlfy;r irk py tkrh] tks yxkrkj loksZPp U;k;ky; dks ^fu;fer izxfr* dh fjiksVZ ds uke ij xqejkg djrs jgsA mèkj ^vkidh vnkyr* ds izLrqrdrkZ jtr “kekZ us bl nkSj esa mu reke usrkvksa ds baVjO;w fd,] ftuds uke tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM esa vk pqds FksA ij D;k otg gS fd “kjn ;kno vkfn dks NksMd + j mUgksua s fdlh cM+s usrk ls dSejs ds lkeus ugha iwNk fd ekeyk D;k gS\ iwNrs] rks bu usrkvksa ds psgjs vlfy;r fNik ugha ikrsA tSls “kjn ;kno o nsoh yky 1993 esa dkypØ ds dSejs ds vkxs bl ekeys ij vlfy;r ugha fNik lds FksA eSua s jtr dks dkxtkr Hkstdj ckj&ckj ;kn fnyk;kA vycÙkk ,u-Mh-Vh-oh-] th Vhoh o nwljs futh pSuyksa ds mRlkgh laoknnkrkvksa }kjk uoEcj 1994 ls fu;fer ^dojst* djus ds dkj.k tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM ckn ds nkSj esa ns”k dh tqcku ij vk x;kA 16 tuojh 1996 ds ckn rks ns”k ds gh ugha] fons”kksa ds Hkh lHkh Vhoh vkSj v[kckj okyksa us tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj& vkradokn&gokyk dkaM ij izeq[krk ls [kcjsa Nkiha vkSj fn[kkb±A ij ;g rF; Hkh jkspd gS fd Hkkjr esas ^VqukbV* dks NksM+ dj fdlh Hkh mixzg ;k nwjn”kZu pSuy ij Hkz’Vkpkj vkSj tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn& gokyk dkaM ij gqbZ ^iSuy fMcsV* ¼cgl½ esa mu fnuksa eq>s ugha cqyk;k x;k] tcfd bl dkaM ij o’kks± pqIih lkèkus okys i=dkjksa dks cqykdj muds fopkjksa dks rjthg nh xbZA D;ks\a D;k Mj Fkk] fd eSa T;knk Li’V cksy¡wxk \ eq>s cqjk yxrk Fkk fd fu’i{k Vhoh lekpkj “kks fn[kkus dk f<a<ksjk ihVdj insZ ij vkus okys dqN e”kgwj uke ehfM;k dh Hkwfedk %

233

fdruh vklkuh ls gokyk vkjksfi;ksa dks >wBs c;ku nsus dh NwV ns jgs FksA buesa ls dqN dks eSua s Qksu dj dgk Hkh fd ;fn vkidks eq>s cqykus esa ladksp gS ;k Åij ls ncko gS] rks dksbZ ckr ugha] vki gh bu usrkvksa ls vius “kks esa de ls de Qyka&Qyka loky rks iwfN,] rkfd ns”kokfl;ksa dks ;s usrk xqejkg u dj ldsAa ij bUgksua s ,slk ugha fd;kA bu lHkh Vhoh LVkj i=dkjksa ls esjs O;fDrxr lEcaèk cgqr vPNs gSAa ij bldh D;k otg Fkh] os gh csgrj crk ldrs gSAa blfy, 5 twu 1996 dks dkypØ lekpkj VªLV ls tqMs+ odhy ohds- vksgjh us rRdkyhu lwpuk izlkj.k ea=h lh-,e- bczkfge dks ,d i= fy[kk] ftlesa bl ckr dh f”kdk;r dh xbZ Fkh fd gokyk ekeys ij nwjn”kZu us turk rd lPpkbZ ugha tkus nh gSA blfy, bl ij dkypØ dh Vhe ls ,d fo”ks’k dk;ZØe rS;kj djok;k tk,A bl i= ds lkFk os reke izl s drjusa Hkh Fkha ftuesa dkypØ dh Vhoh fjiksVks± dh vrhr esa ckj&ckj v[kckjksa esa iz”kalk dh xbZ Fkh] rkfd ea=h egksn; dks Vhe dh ;ksX;rk ds ckjs esa dksbZ langs u jgsA ij ea=h egksn; us mÙkj nsuk mfpr ugha le>kA ckn esa nwjn”kZu egkfuns”kky; ls i= vk;k fd gokyk ekeys ij dkQh fn[kk fn;k x;k gS] blfy, vc vkSj dqN ugha fn[kk;k tk ldrkA ;g ljklj >wB Fkk] D;ksfa d dsl vHkh tkjh Fkk vkSj ns”kokfl;ksa esa blds rF;ksa dks ysdj Hkze dh fLFkfr cuh gqbZ FkhA bl rjg 1993&95 ds nkSj esa ehfM;k ls feys [kês&ehBs lg;ksx ds ckotwn dkypØ dh tq>k: Vhe us fgEer ugha gkjhA geus fnYyh ds cqf)thfo;ksa ds lcls cM+s Dyc ^bafM;k baVjus”kuy lsVa j] ds lHkh lnL;ksa lesr ns”k ds yxHkx 26 gtkj cqf)thfo;ksa dks tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM dh rF;kRed tkudkjh nsus okyh lkexzh Hksth o i= fy[ksA buesa ns”k ds 6 gtkj fMxzh dkWyt s ksa ds izkpk;Z] f”k{kd usrk] Nk= usrk o lHkh fo”ofo|ky;ksa ds dqyifr “kkfey FksA lkFk gh] ns”k ds lHkh ftyksa ds ftykfèkdkjh o iqfyl vèkh{kdks]a ckj dkSfa lyksa ds vè;{kksa vkSj pSca j vkWQ dkelZ ds izeq[k 234

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

lnL;ksa dks Hkh ;g tkudkjh HksthA buds vykok] ns”k dh yxHkx Ms<+ gtkj Lo;alos h laLFkkvksa dks Hkh lkexzh Hksth xbZ] ij dgha ls dksbZ mÙkj ugha vk;kA bu i=ksa dh NikbZ o Mkd [kpZ ds fy, geus cktkjksa esa ?kwe&?kwedj NksV& s NksVs pans bdëk fd,A bl rjg gesa vke yksxksa dks Hkh viuh ckr le>kus dk ekSdk feykA 1994 esa ml oDr dkypØ ds ikl dEI;wVj vkSj QksVks dkWfi;j tSlh cqfu;knh lqfoèkk,sa Hkh ugha FkhaA blfy, fyQkQksa ij irk fy[kus vkSj Hkstus dk dke jkr&fnu cSBdj dkypØ ds lkfFk;ksa o gekjs lQnjtax fLFkr dk;kZy; ds iM+ksl esa jgus okys dbZ lsokfuo`Ùk cqtqxZ efgykvkas o iq#’kksa us ns”k lsok ds Hkko ls g¶rksa ;g dke fd;kA brus fyQkQs jkst fy[ks tkrs Fks fd fy[krs&fy[krs dbZ cqtqxks± ds rks gkFk nq[kus yxrs FksA ns”kokfl;ksa dks tkudkjh nsus ds edln ls geus vkbZ-vkbZVh-] fnYyh fo”ofo|ky; o tokgjyky usg: fo”ofo|ky;] fnYyh] esa Nk=ksa ds fy, iksLVj yxok, fd ^vki D;k ,d g¶rs ds fy, vius x`g uxj dh eq¶r ;k=k ij tkuk pkgrs gSa \ rks gels lEidZ dhft,A* ftu Nk=ksa us lEidZ fd;k] mUgsa fnYyh ds e>ys O;kikfj;ksa dh vkfFkZd enn ls jsy ds fVdV fnyk, x,A fQj tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM dh tkudkjh nsus okys ,d&,d gtkj ipsZ LFkkuh; Hkk’kkvksa esa Nkidj mUgsa fn,A bu ukStokuksa dks buds x`g uxj dsjy] dukZVd] egkjk’Vª] xqtjkr] mÙkj izn”s k] rfeyukMq] mM+hlk] fcgkj ;kuh yxHkx lHkh jkT;ksa dh jktèkkfu;ksa ;k izeq[k uxjksa esa Hkstk vkSj mUgsa fgnk;r nh fd os vius “kgj ds odhyks]a i=dkjks]a f”k{kdks]a Nk= usrkvks]a fofHkUu O;kikfjd laxBuks]a Jfed laxBuks]a fdlku laxBuksa o iz”kkldksa esa ipsZ ckaVas vkSj mUgsa crk,sa fd ^brus cM+s dkaM dks lÙkkèkh”kksa us fdl cqjh rjg tdM+ j[kk gS\ D;ksa vki rd bldh tkudkjh igq¡pus ls jksdh tk jgh gS\ dSls yksx ns”k dh jktuhfr pyk jgs gS\a laln [kkeks”k gSA lh-ch-vkbZ-] ehfM;k dh Hkwfedk %

235

Qsjk o vk;dj vfèkdkfj;ksa dks lkjh tkudkjh gSA ij dksbZ dqN ugha dj jgsA vki yksx vius Lrj ij bl ekeys dks mBk,as vkSj ljdkj ij ncko Mkysa fd og bZekunkjh ls tk¡p djok, o nksf’k;ksa dks ltk ns] rkfd ns”k dks vkradokn ls jkgr fey ldsA* dkypØ dh Vhe o gfj;k.kk o if”peh mÙkj izn”s k ls vk, dqN ukStokuksa us eghuksa fnYyh ds varjjkT;h; cl vM~M]s jsyos LVs”kuks]a gokbZ vM~Ms vkSj yxHkx lHkh cktkjksa o n¶rjksa esa ^ns”knzkfs g;ksa ls lkoèkku* “kh’kZd lss ipsZ ckaV]s rkfd iwjs ns’k ls fnYyh vkus okys yksx tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM ds ckjs esa tkusa vkSj ykSVdj vius xk¡o o “kgjksa esa bldh ppkZ djsAa fnYyh ds dsna zh; lfpoky; o lh-th-vks- dkWEiysDl yksnh jksM esa dke djus okys gtkjksa vfèkdkjh vkSj deZpkjh eq>s ns[ksx a s rks igpku tk,sx a ]s D;ksfa d eSua s Hkh vDlj vius ukStoku lkfFk;ksa ds lkFk nkSM& + nkSMd + j lcsj& s ”kke muds cl LVkWiks]a n¶rjksa ds izo”s k }kjksa vkSj dkj ikfd±x esa ;s ipsZa cakVs FksA eq>s yxrk gS fd ns”k dh gkyr vkSj bfrgkl dks ns[krs gq, “kq: ds nkSj esa cgqr&ls izl s okyksa dks lius esa Hkh mEehn ugha Fkh fd gokyk dsl esa gesa bruh lQyrk feysxhA “kk;n blhfy, os bu usrkvksa ls vius lEcaèk fcxkM+uk ugha pkgrs FksA blfy, eq>s muls f”kdk;r ugha gSA ij mlds ckn dh ?kVukvksa ls ;g lkQ gks x;k fd tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM dks tkucw>dj nck;k tk jgk gSA fupyh vnkyr ls ysdj loksZPp U;k;ky; rd ds U;k;kèkh”kksa us ,d Loj ls dgk gS fd lh-ch-vkbZ- us tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj& vkradokn& gokyk dkaM esa dksbZ tk¡p ugha dhA tc tk¡p gh ugha gqbZ] rks dksbZ csxqukg dSls gks x;k\ ;s lkèku lEiUu yksx vklkuh ls eqdnek pyk ldrs FksA blds fy, mUgsa nyky i=dkjksa dh lykg dh Hkh t#jr ugha FkhA ij bUgsa lp rks ekywe Fkk gh blfy, mUgksua s fgEer ugha dhA fQj D;k otg gS fd dqN e”kgwj i=dkjksa us usrkvksa ds fMLpktZ gksrs gh vizSy 1997 esa pkj.k vkSj HkkV fdLe 236

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

ds ys[kksa dh Hkjekj dj nhA bu ys[kksa dk lkj ;g Fkk fd ge yksxksa us o lh-ch-vkbZ- us ukgd bu usrkvksa dks cnuke fd;k vkSj buds jktuhfrd thou dks [kjkc dj fn;kA blfy, gekjs Åij ekugkfu ds eqdnes pyus pkfg,A D;k otg gS fd vkradokfn;ksa dks èku eqgS;k djkus ds reke lcwrksa ds ekStnw gksus ds ckotwn bUgksua s vkt rd bl dkaM dh tk¡p dh vko”;drk ij ,d Hkh ys[k ugha fy[kk\ D;k jktusrkvksa dk iz”kfLrxku djuk gh budh i=dkfjrk gS\ ,slk ugha gS fd lcus ;gh joS;k v[r;kj fd;kA cgqr&ls i=dkjksa us U;k;ky; ds bl QSlys ij rh[kh fVIif.k;k¡ Hkh dhaA elyu n bdkukWfed VkbEl us 10 vizy S 1997 ds vius laikndh; esa QSlys dh cgqr dM+h vkykspuk dhA mèkj tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM dks ysdj vusd i=&if=dkvksa vkSj Vhoh pSuyksa esa vkjksfir usrkvksa dh mfDr;ka tc rc vkrh jgh gSAa fdarq mu mfDr;ksa ds tokc esa fu#Ùkj dj nsus okyh gekjh tokch izfrfØ;k dks txg ugha nh xbZA 1998 ls vkt rd ns”k ds {ks=h; v[kckjksa esa Nius okys vius lkIrkfgd dkWye esa eSua s yxkrkj dbZ ys[k fy[kdj tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM ds dkuwuh i{kksa ij turk dks tkxzr djus dk fouez iz;kl fd;k gSA tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM ls fMLpktZ gksus ds ckn tc enuyky [kqjkuk o v#.k usg: us cM+s tksj&”kksj ls ,yku fd;k fd os bl dkaM dks mBkus okyksa ds fo#) ekugkfu dk eqdnek nk;j djsx a ]s rks eSua s ,d dM+k ys[k fy[kk] tks 14 ebZ 1998 dks ntZu Hkj {ks=h; v[kckjksa esa NikA bldk vk”k; Fkk fd èkedh D;ksa nsrs gks] gekjs fo#) ekugkfu dk eqdnek djrs D;ksa ugha\ djks] rks os lkjs lcwr vnkyr ds lkeus j[kus dk ekSdk feysxk] ftUgsa ncok dj vki tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM ls NwV x, gksA

ehfM;k dh Hkwfedk %

237

gekjs lEekuuh; i=dkj dqynhi uS;j us rks gn gh dj nh tc mUgksua s U;k;ikfydk ls tqMs+ lkjs fookn dh tkudkjh nks fnu igys gh gels ysus ds ckotwn eq[; U;k;kèkh”k ts-,l- oekZ dh iz”kfLr esa fnlEcj 1998 esa ,d ys[k fy[k MkykA bls ns[kdj dkQh yksx gSjku gq,A ftl oDr ;g lkQ gks pqdk Fkk fd U;k;ewfrZ Jh oekZ gokyk dsl dks chp jkLrs esa gh yisVus dh rS;kjh dj jgs gS]a ml oDr lc rF; tkurs gq, Hkh Jh uS;j dh dye ls tks fudyk] og vk?kkr nsus okyk FkkA eSua s Hkh viuk dM+k fojksèk muls izdV fd;kA ckn esa irk pyk fd vius ifjokj ds odhyksa ds dgus ij mUgksua s ,slk fd;kA 1998 esa lwjr ¼xqtjkr½ esa laoknnkrk lEesyu ds nkSjku ,d i=dkj us iz”u fd;k fd fnYyh ds dqN i=dkj vkidks CySdesyj D;ksa dgrs gS\a igyh ckj bl fdLe dk viekutud iz”u lqudj fny dks cgqr èkDdk yxkA eSua s fouezrk ls mÙkj fn;k fd ftu i=dkjksa us vkils ,slk dgk gS] muls iwfN,xk fd tc fouhr ukjk;.k CySdesyj gS]a tks vdsys 115 yksxksa ls ik¡p o’kZ ls tw> jgs gSAa bu yksxksa dks Hkkjr ds bfrgkl esa igyh ckj idM+ok;k gS] ij vki rks CySdesyj ugha gS]a fQj D;k otg gS fd vki vkt rd fdlh cM+s vkneh dks dkuwu dh fxj¶r esa ugha yk lds\ ?kksVkys mNkydj vki pqi D;ksa cSB x,\ muls iwfN,xk fd CySdesy djds O;fDr dh vkfFkZd fLFkfr lqn`<+ gksrh gS u fd detksjA gdhdr ;g gS fd bl la?k’kZ ds ckn ge ij tks dtZ p<+ x;k gS] mls mrkjus dh fpark esa vDlj gekjh jkrksa dh uhan mM+ tkrh FkhA ;fn vki mu i=dkj caèkqvksa dk uke crk ns]a rks ge vkidks rF;kRed tkudkjh ns ldrs gSa fd i=dkj cuus ls igys mudh gSfl;r D;k Fkh vkSj vkt D;k gS\ tkfgj gS] bl rjg dk nq’izpkj djus okys dqN gh yksx fnYyh esa gksx a As ;dhuu ;s os yksx gSa ftudh ‘kkesa nykyh dh ‘kjkc vkSj ik¡p flrkjk gksVyksa esa Hkkstu ds lkFk xqtjrh gSAa ,sls yksxksa dh 238

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

,slh vksNh fVIif.k;ksa ls gekjh lsgr ij dksbZ vlj ugha iM+rkA ge Hkxoku ls mUgsa ln~cqf) nsus dh izkFkZuk djrs gSAa oSls muls dgha T;knk i=dkj fnYyh esa gh ,sls gS]a tks R;kx vkSj riL;k dk thou thrs gSa vkSj tku tksf[ke esa Mkydj i=dkfjrk djrs gSAa gels dgha de lkèkuksa ls thou thus ds ckotwn vius d’Vksa dh dksbZ f”kdk;r fe=ksa ls Hkh ugha djrsA ge vkèkqfud i=dkfjrk dh vFkZO;oLFkk ls okfdQ gSAa ge tkurs gSa fd brus lkjs jktusrkvksa dks ukjkt dj dksbZ O;kolkf;d izfr’Bku py ugha ik,xkA blfy, gesa fdlh ls dksbZ f”kdk;r ugha gSA v[kckj ekfydksa ls Hkh ughaA jk’Vªfgr ds bl vfHk;ku esa ftlus ftruk dj fn;k] dkQh gSA gk¡] ;g ckr t:j fopkj.kh; gS fd tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn& gokyk dkaM dks ysdj lgh rF;ksa dh tkudkjh dk tks Hkkjh vHkko vke turk esa gS] mlds fy, os yksx ftEesnkj gSa ftUgksua s rF;ksa dks rksM& + ejksM+ dj is”k fd;k vkSj yksxksa dks xqejkg fd;k] rkfd vius jktuhfrd vkdkvksa dks [kq”k dj ldsAa gesa larks’k gS fd i=dkfjrk esa iuius okys ,sls LokFkhZ rÙo Hkh vius ân; esa tkurs gSa fd vlfy;r D;k gS] blfy, os tc Hkh gesa feyrs gS]a lEeku ls feyrs gS& a gekjs fy, mudk bruk gh lg;ksx dkQh gSA vkt Hkh ehfM;k esa cgqr&ls yksx ,sls gSa tks lp dks lp dgus esa ?kcjkrs ughaA ,sls yksx gj v[kckj vkSj Vh-oh- usVodZ esa gSAa tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM esa tks dqN gqvk] og fcuk muds lg;ksx ds rks gks ugha ldrk FkkA blfy, gekjs eu esa ,sls reke lkfFk;ksa ds fy, vknj gS] ftUgksua s bl yM+kbZ dks vkxs c<+k;kA vHkh Hkh gokyk dsl ogha [kM+k gS tgk¡ tqykbZ 1993 esa FkkA ehfM;k pkgs rks ljdkj ds ihNs iM+dj bldh tk¡p djokus dk ekgkSy cuk ldrk gS vkSj vkradokn dks enn igq¡pkus okyh rkdrksa rd igq¡pk tk ldrk gSA vkt rks ns”k esa ntZuksa U;wt pSuy gSa ftUgsa gj ?k.Vs lekpkj pkfg,sAa ;s pSuy izk;% fujFkZd [kcjksa ls n”kZdksa dks cksj ehfM;k dh Hkwfedk %

239

djrs jgrs gSAa vxj bl fdrkc ls rF;ksa dks ysdj ;g gekjh enn ls ^tSu gokyk dkaM* ij ,d /kkjkokfgd dkuwuh cgl “kq: djok nsa rks ns”kokfl;ksa dk Hkh Hkyk gksxk vkSj bu pSuyksa dh Vh-vkj-ih- Hkh c<+ tk,xhA

240

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

21 ^jk’Vªokfn;ksa* dh Hk;adj Hkwy Hkkjrh; turk ikVhZ ds iwoZ&vè;{k ykyÑ’.k vkMok.kh ls esjs lEcaèk iqjkus gh ugha cgqr utnhdh Hkh jgs gSAa muds cPpksa dh gh rjg eSa Hkh mUgsa nknk dgrk gw¡A dkypØ ohfM;ks if=dk dh “kq#vkr tqykbZ 1989 esa Jh vkMok.kh ds lk{kkRdkj ls gh dh xbZ FkhA mudk o esjk og fp= rc ns”k ds reke i=&if=dkvksa esa Nik FkkA v;ksè;k ujlagkj o fganw jk’Vª ds ckjs esa Hkzkfa r;ksa vkSj Nn~e èkeZfujis{krk ij dkypØ ohfM;ks if=dk us dkQh rh[kh vkSj fooknkLin fjiksV±s rS;kj dh FkhaA budh otg ls gesa lsl a j cksMZ ls ;q) yM+uk iM+k vkSj bldh O;kid ppkZ jk’Vªh; v[kckjksa esa gqbZA bldk lhèkk ykHk Hkktik dks gh feykA ;s ckrsa Hkktik ds reke usrk vPNh rjg tkurs gSAa eSua s vkfFkZd raxh ds nkSj esa Hkh dqN ewY;ksa ds izfr viuh fu’Bk trkus ds fy, ,slk fd;k FkkA fdlh ny dh pkVqdkfjrk ds fy, ughaA fQj Hkh ;g lp gS fd lqjnas z tSu dh cjken Mk;jh esa tSls vkSj yksxksa ds uke gS]a oSls gh vkMok.kh th dk Hkh uke gSA HkktikbZ dgrs gSa fd ^Mk;jh esa uke ntZ gksus ls gh dksbZ nks’kh ugha gks tkrkA* ij viuh bZekunkj Nfo ds ckotwn jktuhfr esa dksbZ bZekunkj gh cuk jgs] ;g Hkh t:jh ugha gSA bl ekeys esa dkSu nks’kh gS] dkSu ugha] ;g lc rks rc r; gks] tc bl dkaM dh bZekunkj tk¡p gksA tc tk¡p gh “kq: ugha gqbZ] rks fdlh dks funksZ’k dSls ekuk tk ldrk gS\ ij nq[k gS fd fganw èkeZ vkSj jk’VªHkfä dk nkok djus okyh Hkktik] vkj-,l-,l- vkSj fo”o fganw ifj’kn ds usrkvksa vkSj buds leFkZd i=dkjksa us gokyk ekeys esa jk’Vª ds fgr dh Hkh ijokg ugha dhA dsoy vkMok.kh th dks funksZ’k fl) djus dh O;xzrk esa bu ^jk’Vªokfn;ks*a us ,d Lof.kZe volj xaok fn;kA fdruk tksf[ke mBkdj] fdrus o’kks± dh esgur ds ckn bl yM+kbZ dks ge ;gk¡ rd [khapdj yk, fd dkaxl zs dk rks yxHkx lQk;k gks ^jk’Vªokfn;ksa* dh Hk;adj Hkwy %

241

242

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

x;k FkkA ,d >Vds esa gh mlds ntZuksa usrk dB?kjs esa [kM+s gks x,A vU; nyksa dk Hkh cqjk gky FkkA vxj ;s ^jk’Vªoknh* “kfDr;k¡ Hkz’Vkpkj o d”ehj ds vkradokn ls tqMs+ bl dkaM dks eqík cuk ysrha] rks Hkkjr dk u;k bfrgkl fy[kk tkrkA ij ,slk ugha gqvkA Hkfo’; esa bfrgkldkj ;g ckr Hkwyx as s ugha fd bl iwjs izdj.k esa fganw èkeZ vkSj jk’VªHkfä dk nkok djus okyh Hkktik] vkj-,l-,l- vkSj fo”o fganw ifj’kn ds usrkvksa vkSj buds leFkZd i=dkjksa dh Hkwfedk ls jk’Vª dk Hkkjh vfgr gqvkA blfy, budh Hkwfedk ij vyx ls foLr`r ys[k dh t:jr iM+hA ;ksa rks lektoknh vkSj dE;qfuLV ikfVZ;ksa esa ,d ls c<+dj ,d jk’Vªh; usrk gS]a tks dsna z ljdkj esa ea=h Hkh jgs vkSj yacs le; rd lkaln jgs] fQj Hkh ftudh bZekunkjh vkSj lknxh csfelky gSAa ij vkMok.kh th dh igpku mudh jkejFk ;k=k ls cuh] tc mUgksua s Hkkjr esa fganw jk’Vªokn ds u, jDr dk lapkj fd;k FkkA blhfy, mudss ckjs esa dqN Hkh lquuk muds yksxksa dks vPNk ugha yxrk FkkA ij dcwrj ds vka[k ehap ysus ls fcYyh Hkkxk ugha djrhA le> esa ugha vkrk fd vkè;kfRedrk o lukru èkeZ dh odkyr djus okyksa dks lPPkkbZ lquus ls bruk Hk; D;ksa yxrk gS\ vxLr 1993 ds igys g¶rs esa tc ge tSu caèkqvksa dk] viuh dSejk Vhe ds lkFk] ihNk dj jgs Fks] rks yxrk gS fd mUgksua s vius nk;js ds lHkh jktuhfrKksa dks pkSdUuk dj fn;k Fkk] D;ksfa d tSls gh bu jktuhfrKksa dks irk pyrk Fkk fd dkypØ mudk baVjO;w djuk pkgrk gS] muds caxyksa esa ,dne ?kcjkgV QSy tkrh FkhA ;s os yksx Fks] tks vrhr esa gesa csfgpd baVjO;w nsrs jgs Fks ;k ftuls nksLrkuk rkYyqdkr FksA ge yksxksa us deyukFk] lh-ds- tkQj “kjhQ] dYiukFk jk;] ekèkojko flafèk;k] ,l-vkj- cksEebZ] vkj-ds- èkou vkSj cyjke tk[kM+ lfgr yxHkx lcds caxyksa ds dbZ pDdj yxk,A gekjs ogk¡ igq¡pus ij muds futh deZpkjh ?kcjk tkrs FksA gesa okil djus dh dksf”k”k djrs FksA tc ge bartkj djus dks dgrs] rks os iwNrs Fks fd ^jk’Vªokfn;ksa* dh Hk;adj Hkwy %

243

ge muds ihNs D;ksa iM+s gS\a eSa mu yksxksa ls dgrk Fkk fd eq>s muds ckWl ls flQZ nks loky iwNus gS& a ¼1½ D;k vki lqjnas z tSu dks tkurs gS\a vkSj] ¼2½ D;k vkius muls brus iSls fy, gSa \ ysfdu nsoh yky vkSj “kjn ;kno dks NksMd + j dksbZ Hkh dSejs ds lkeus vkus dks rS;kj ugha gqvkA blh Øe esa tc Jh vkMok.kh dk i{k tkuus ds fy, eSa muds iaMkjk ikdZ okys caxys ij x;k] rks eq>s cM+h f<BkbZ ls dksBh esa ?kqlus ls jksd fn;k x;kA ge viuh dSejk Vhe ds lkFk ogha xsV ds ckgj Mksyrs jgsA ml fnu eSua s de ls de 15 ckj muds ?kj esa ?kqlus dh dksf”k”k dhA gj ckj gesa vyx tokc feykA dkypØ n¶rj ls Hkh ge muds ?kj Qksu djokrs jgsA ij Qksu ij dbZ >wBh ckrsa dgh xb±A loky mBrk gS fd Jh vkMok.kh us eq>ls ckr D;ksa ugha dh\ vkMok.kh th dh odkyr djus okys yksx dgrs gSa fd ftl le; mUgsa iSlk fn;k crk;k x;k gS] ml le; og fdlh in ij ugha FksA fQj Hkyk tSu caèkqvksa us mUgsa iSlk D;ksa fn;k gksxk\ ;g loky esjs fnekx esa Hkh vk;k FkkA vxj vkMok.kh th us iSlk ugha fy;k Fkk] rks mUgsa vxLr 1993 esa gesa baVjO;w nsus esa D;k ladksp Fkk\ lkQ&lkQ dg ldrs Fks fd esjk tSu caèkqvksa ls dksbZ ysuk&nsuk ugha gSA eSua s dksbZ iSlk muls ugha fy;kA dksbZ igyh ckj rks eSa muds ?kj x;k ugha Fkk tks ,d vifjfpr ekuk tkrkA baVjO;w ds fy, le; ekaxus ls dqN eghus igys gh ykyÑ’.k vkMok.kh ds ?kj dh igyh eafty ij csM:e esa deyk vkMok.kh] muds csVs t;ar o fQYeh flrkjs “k=q?u flUgk dh ekStnw xh esa eSua s Ñ’.k Hkfä ij yach ppkZ dh FkhA blls igys Hkh vkMok.kh th o eSa ,d&nwljs ds ikfjokfjd lekjksgksa esa lfEefyr gksrs jgs FksA vxLr 1993 esa gh tc mUgksua s gesa baVjO;w nsus ls euk dj fn;k] rks eSua s mUgha ds ny ds ,d cgqr cM+s usrk ls dgk fd vki muls nksLrkus esa iwNuk fd gdhdr D;k gS\ muds iwNus ij Jh vkMok.kh us dgk] ^eq>s D;k irk Fkk fd lqjnas z tSu gokyk dk vkneh 244

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

gSA eq>s rks [kqjkuk th mlds ?kj ys x, Fks] iSlk fnyokusA* ;kuh lqjnas z tSu vk;k ugha Fkk] vkMok.kh th x, Fks iSlk ysuAs ckn esa lqjnas z tSu ds 11 ekpZ 1995 ds bdckfy;k c;ku esa vxLr 1993 esa dgh mudh bl ckr dh iqf’V gksrh gSA ij vkMok.kh th ds f[kykQ tc tuojh 1996 esa pktZ”khV nkf[ky gks xbZ] rks os vkSj mudh ikVhZ dgus yxs fd vkMok.kh th funksZ’k gS]a mUgsa jktuhfrd lkft”k esa Qalk;k x;k gSA oSls 20 tuojh 1996 dks fnYyh ds eq[;ea=h enuyky [kqjkuk dk ,d c;ku vaxt zs h v[kckj n fgUnw esa Nik] ftlesa mUgksua s ;g dgdj vkMok.kh th dk cpko fd;k fd ^mUgksua s rks iSlk jktuhfrd dkj.kksa ls fy;k FkkA* ;kuh iSlk fy;k FkkA rks fQj ‘kM~;= a dSls gks x;k\ eSua s dbZ i=ksa o dkypØ fganh o vaxzt s h v[kckj ds ys[kksa ds ekè;e ls vkMok.kh th ls ntZuksa iz”u iwNs gSa ftudk dksbZ mÙkj mUgksua s vkt rd ugha fn;kA blh iqLrd ds ckjgosa vè;k; ¼gkbZdksVZ us dSls fd;k vfHk;qDrksa dks cjh\½ esa tks iz”u gS]a mu lHkh ds mÙkj vkMok.kh th dks jk’Vª dks nsus pkfg,A os ,slk D;ksa ugha dj jgs\ ;g iz”u la?k vkSj Hkktik ds dk;ZdrkZvksa dks Hkh vkMok.kh th ls iwNus pkfg, FksA dgus dks rks ge fo”o dk lcls cM+k yksdra= gksus dk nkok djrs gSaA ij D;k ;g “keZukd ugha fd gekjs ns”k ds brus lEekuuh; usrk Hkh >wB cksy dj cp fudyrs gS]a tcfd nqfu;k ds lcls l”kDr jk’Vª vesfjdk ds jk’Vªifr fcy fDyaVu dks lhusV] twjh] ehfM;k o turk ds lkeus lp Lohdkjus dks etcwj gksuk iM+rk gS] gkykafd “kq: esa os yxkrkj blh ckr ij vM+s gq, Fks fd mUgksua s ^og* vuSfrd dk;Z ugha fd;k\ Hkktik lesr gekjs ns”k ds jktusrk Hkh D;k blls dksbZ lcd lh[kus dks rS;kj gS\a vius jktusrkvksa esa lR; dks Lohdkj djus dk lkgl iSnk gq, fcuk D;k ge ^jke jkT;* dh LFkkiuk dj ik,sx a \s lhrk ekrk dks ouokl nsdj jkepUnz th us dkQh dM+os lp dk lkeuk fd;k FkkA mUgksua s ;g dne ,d ifr ds ukrs ugha cfYd] ^jk’Vªokfn;ksa* dh Hk;adj Hkwy %

245

,d jktk ds :i esa tu Hkkoukvksa dks larq’V djus ds fy, mBk;k FkkA bl R;kx vkSj O;fDrxr ihM+k us mUgsa ,slh vfrfjDr “kfDr nh ftlls os ,d vkn”kZ iz”kklu dh LFkkiuk dj ldsA ;gh vkxs pydj jkejkT; dgyk;k] ftldh ge lc Hkkjr esa LFkkiuk djuk pkgrs gSAa D;k gekjs jktusrk tu Hkkoukvksa dh FkksMh+ Hkh dnz djrs gSa\ eq>s vkt rd le> esa ugha vk;k fd vkn”kks± vkSj ewY;ksa dh ckr djus okys vkMok.kh th bu iz”uksa ls vkt rd D;ksa cprs jgs gS\a blds vykok Hkh dqN ,sls mnkgj.k gS]a ftudh ppkZ ;gk¡ dh tk ldrh gSA yk[kksa esgurd”k etnwjksa dh ftanxh ls vaèksjs dks nwj dj [kq”kgkyh dh jks”kuh ykus okys fu%LokFkZ ;qok fpard o lefiZr etnwj usrk “kadj xqgk fu;ksxh dh fprk dh jk[k vkt Hkh nYyh jktgjk ¼fHkykbZ½ esa ;g loky iwNrh gS fd fu;ksxh th ds gR;kjksa ds f[kykQ ntZ ,Q-vkbZ-vkj- esa tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM ds tSu caèkqvksa ds uke gSAa fQj muds f[kykQ Hkktik ds rRdkyhu eq[;ea=h lqna j yky iVok us dksbZ dk;Zokgh D;ksa ugha gksus nh\ D;k tSu ds [kkrksa esa Hkktik ds jk’Vªh; vè;{k ykyÑ’.k vkMok.kh o vU; usrkvksa ds uke ntZ Hkqxrku dk blls dksbZ lEcaèk gS\ Hkktik ds egklfpo xksfoankpk;Z vkSj Lons”kh tkxj.k eap ds ,l- xq#ewfrZ nksuksa gh esjs fe= gSa vkSj eSa nksuksa dk ân; ls lEeku djrk gw¡A nksuksa ls esjk ifjp; bafM;u ,Dlizl s ds cksQkslZ tekus dk gSA xq#ewfrZ vPNh rjg tkurs gSa fd eSua s ml oDr muds fe”ku ds fy, vius izk.kksa dh ckth yxk nh FkhA mlds ckn mUgksua s esjs lkFk dSlk lywd fd;k\ bldk Hkh vijkèk cksèk mUgsa gksxk ghA fQj Hkh eSua s bl ckr dks utjvankt dj lEcaèkksa ij vk¡p ugha vkus nhA ckn ds o’kks± esa ge nksuksa fu;fer feyrs jgs vkSj jk’Vªfgr ds eqíksa ij ppkZ gqbZA tc Hkh eSa psUubZ esa muds ?kj Qksu djrk Fkk] os eq>ls yach ckr djrs FksA eSa mudk _.kh gw¡ fd mUgksua s eq>s Ñ’.k HkfDr ds ekxZ ij pyus ls iwoZ dh nqfoèkk nwj djus esa enn dhA mudh blh lykg 246

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

dk ykHk feyk vkSj mlh HkfDr dh “kfDr ls eSa bruk [krjukd ;q) yM+ ldkA ij flrEcj 1993 esa tc mUgsa irk pyk fd dkypØ ohfM;ks eSxthu dh fjiksVZ esa vkMok.kh th dk Hkh uke gokyk ds iSls ysus okyksa esa gS] rks os eq>ls dUuh dkVus yxsA esjs ckj&ckj VsyhQksu djus ij Hkh os cprs jgs vkSj >wBs cgkus djrs jgsA muds cksyus dh vnk dk esjs dkuksa dks dkQh vH;kl gSA blfy, tc esjs Qksu ds fjlhoj esa psUubZ ls mudh iRuh ds Loj ds ihNs mudh vkokt vkrh] ^Vsy fge vkbZ ,e ukV oSy^ rks eq>s [kht vkrhA ,d fnu os jke tsBeykuh ds ?kj Vdjk x,A eq>s ns[krs gh utj cpkdj vanj HkkxsA mUgksua s lkspk gksxk fd esjh gSfl;r rks ,Dlizl s ds i=dkj dh gksxh vkSj mlds eSut s esVa ls tqMs+ Jh tsBeykuh ds csM:e rd ?kqlus dh fgEer eSa ugha dj ikÅ¡xkA ij eSa muds ihNs yidk vkSj mUgsa idM+ dj dM+kbZ ls cksyk] ^xq:] ;s D;k rjhdk gSA eSa Qksu djrk gw¡] rqe Qksu ij ugha vkrsA lkeus iM+s gks] rks cpdj Hkkx jgs gksA rqeus tc cksQkslZ dk eqík mBk;k Fkk] rks eSua s rqEgkjk iwjk lkFk fn;k FkkA gokyk dk eqík mlls dgha cM+k gSA ;g Hkz’Vkpkj dk gh ugha] ns”knzkgs dk ekeyk gSA lkjs lcwr ekStnw gSa vkSj dksbZ dqN ugha dj jgk gSA rqe D;ksa ugha vkokt mBkrs\ rqEgsa brus dkxt Hkst]s rqeus tokc rd ugha fn;kA dksbZ ys[k ;k c;ku rd tkjh ugha fd;kA rqe rks eq>s jk’VªHkfDr ij yac& s yacs Hkk’k.k fiyk;k djrs FksA vc rqEgkjh tqcku dks D;k gks x;k\ eSa rqEgkjs joS;s ls cgqr ukjkt gw¡A* xq#ewfrZ pksj fuxkgksa ls lc lqurs jgs vkSj NwVdj Hkkxus dks vdqykrs jgsA tSls gh mUgsa jke tsBeykuh vkrs fn[ks] mUgksua s dgk] ^fouhr] oh gSo v dsl bu nh dksVZ] vkb foy VkWd Vw ;w ysVjA* ¼fouhr] gesa ,d eqdnes ds flyflys esa dksVZ tkuk gS] eSa rqels ckn esa ckr d:¡xk½ ;g ckr “kk;n 1994 dh gSA tuojh 1996 ds ckn mUgksua s vèkwjh lwpukvksa o Hkzked rF;ksa ds vkèkkj ij tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM ij ,d iryh&lh ^jk’Vªokfn;ksa* dh Hk;adj Hkwy %

247

iqfLrdk vaxt zs h esa Nkidj iwjh nqfu;k esa caVokbZ gSA bldk edln dsoy ;g crkuk gS fd vkMok.kh th funksZ’k gSAa ij bl iqfLrdk esa Hkh mUgksua s esjs iz”uksa ds mÙkj nsus dh fgEer ugha dhA 1993&97 ds chp eSua s vkj-,l-,l- ds izeq[k jTtw HkS;k dks Hkh lkjh lkexzh dbZ ckj HksthA dbZ ckj lEidZ djus dk iz;kl fd;kA vkj-,l-,l- ds fnYyh eq[;ky; ds”ko dqt a esa [kqn tkdj f”ko izlkn th ls dbZ ckj ppkZ dh o le; ek¡xkA muds vkbZ-,-,lls lsokfuo`Ùk gq, HkkbZ ls feyus t;iqj x;k fd fdlh rjg muls ckr gks tk,A ij ckr ugha cuhA eSa jTtw HkS;k ls mEehn djrk Fkk fd os O;fDrxr jkx&}s’k ls Åij mBdj bl ekeys ij jk’Vªfgr esa dksbZ c;ku tkjh djsx a As eq>s cqykdj de ls de esjh ckr lqux as s vkSj yM+us ds fy, uSfrd leFkZu nsx a s ;k bl fo’k; esa eq>s dqN lykg nsx a As ij [ksn gS fd mUgksua s ,slk dqN ugha fd;kA eSa nhu n;ky “kksèk laLFkku esa tkdj ukuk th ns”keq[k ls Hkh feykA mUgksua s vPNh vkoHkxr dh vkSj ckr lquh] ij fd;k dqN ughaA fo”o fganw ifj’kn ds v”kksd fla?ky dk joS;k Hkh dqN fHkUu ugha FkkA fnlEcj 1995 esa xk;=h ifjokj ds vkpk;Z Jhjke “kekZ dh iq.; tUe LFkyh vkaoy[ksMk+ ¼vkxjk½ ij vk;ksftr v”oesèk ;K ds volj ij ,d jkspd ?kVuk gqbZA laLFkk ds lapkyd MkW- iz.ko ikaM~;k us eq>s o eaqcbZ ds th-vkj- [kSjukj dks vius f”kfoj esa leqfpr lRdkj ds ckn ogk¡ tek yk[kksa HkDrksa ds le{k eap ij Hkk’k.k djus dk vkea=.k fn;kA mUgksua s ;g Hkh crk;k fd bl eap ij mUgksua s izèkkuea=h] jkT;ikyka]s eq[;eaf=;ksa vkfn dks Hkh ugha p<+us fn;k] D;ksfa d os bldk jktuhfrd nq#i;ksx ugha gksus nsuk pkgrsA ge vkHkkjh Fks fd mUgksua s gesa eap ij llEeku cSBk;k vkSj ?kks’k.kk dh fd] ^Hkkjr ekrk ds bu nks liwrksa us ns”k dh lPph lsok dh gSA iwjk xk;=kh ifjokj budk vfHkuanu djrk gS vkSj jk’Vª fuekZ.k ds buds Hkkoh la?k’kZ esa iw.kZ lg;ksx dk vk”oklu nsrk gSA* blds ckn fcuk fdlh iwoZ&lwpuk ds mUgksua s le;kHkko dk dkj.k crkdj dgk fd 248

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

^ge [kSjukj th vkSj fouhr th ds fopkjksa dks rks i=&if=dkvksa esa i<+rs gh jgrs gS]a blfy, vkj-,l-,l- ds ckSf)d izeq[k lqn”kZu th dk izopu lqux as As * ;g vViVh fLFkfr FkhA ogk¡ mifLFkr tu leqnk; us bl ij izfrjksèk esa “kksj Hkh epk;kA ckn esa irk pyk fd Hkktik ds dqN LFkkuh; ¼vkxjk½ usrkvksa us mUgsa ,slk djus dks dgk FkkA mUgsa Mj Fkk fd Jh [kSjukj egkjk’Vª esa f”kolsuk&Hkktik ds Hkz’Vkpkj ij fVIi.kh djsx a s vkSj eSa “kk;n gokyk ij fVIi.kh djrs le; vU; usrkvksa ds lkFk vkMok.kh th dk Hkh uke ys yw¡xkA xksfoankpk;Z th jktuhfr esa ,d vkn”kZ O;fä gSAa esjs “kqHkfpard vkSj fe= gSAa os tkurs gSa fd tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn& gokyk dkaM ls igys Hkh ,d jkT; esa Hkktik ljdkj ds Hkz’Vkpkj ds fo#) gekjs la?k’kZ eaas vkMok.kh th dh Hkwfedk iz”ka luh; ugha jgh FkhA flrEcj 1993 esa tc eSa Hkktik eq[;ky; esa muls feyus x;k vkSj mUgsa lkjh ckr crkbZ] rks mudh izfrfØ;k Fkh fd ^O;oLFkk gh ,slh gSA nyksa dks pank ysuk iM+rk gSA vkMok.kh th us vius fy, ugha fy;k] ikVhZ ds fy, fy;k gSA* eSua s dgk fd ;g xyr gSA tSu ds [kkrksa esa Hkktik usrkvksa ds uke Hkqxrku vyx ntZ gS vkSj Hkktik ds uke vyxA ;fn lkjk Hkqxrku ny ds uke Fkk] rks ,slk D;ks\a bl ij mUgksua s dgk& ,slk gS] rks tks vkSjksa dk gksxk ogh] vkMok.kh th dk Hkh gksxkA ij mUgksua s Hkh jk’Vªnzkgs ds bl dkaM esa tk¡p dh ek¡x dHkh ugha dhA D;ks\a vVy fcgkjh oktis;h us Hkh ykyÑ’.k vkMok.kh dh odkyr de ugha dhA pktZ”khV nk;j gksus ij mUgksua s dgk fd ;g vkjksi >wBk gS tcfd dqN fnu igys tuojh 1996 esa gh jkaph esa gokyk ij iwNs x, iz”ukas ds mÙkj esa mUgksua s i=dkjksa ls dgk Fkk fd ;g rks jktuhfrd pank gSA blesa gtZ D;k gS\ gj ikVhZ esa pyrk gSA vkidks ;kn gksxk fd Qjojh 1996 esa vVy fcgkjh oktis;h us vkjksi yxk;k Fkk fd rRdkyhu izèkkuea=h ih-oh- ujflag jko dks Hkh gokyk ds iSls feys gSAa oktis;h th us ;g vkjksi lqjnas z tSu ds ^jk’Vªokfn;ksa* dh Hk;adj Hkwy %

249

bdckfy;k c;ku ds vkèkkj ij yxk;k FkkA [kkl ckr ;g gS fd blh c;ku esa lqjnas z tSu us vkMok.kh th dks Hkh iSls nsus dh ckr dgh gS] ftls tkucw>dj oktis;h th us vuns[kk dj fn;kA ;kuh tks vPNk yxs og lp] tks cqjk yxs og >wBA oSls 1993&96 ds chp oktis;h th tc Hkh Vdjk,] ;gh iwNrs Fks fd gokyk okyksa dk D;k gks jgk gS\ ,d ckj y[kuÅ ls fnYyh dh gokbZ ;k=k esa vkfjQ eksgEen [kka] oktis;h th] eSa vkSj Lokeh th ,d lkFk FksA “kk;n vxLr 1994 dh ckr gSA vkfjQ HkkbZ dh rjQ b”kkjk djds oktis;h th us iwNk& ;s dc vanj tk jgs gS\a eSua s dgk& tYn ghA fQj viuh etkfd;k vknr ds vuq:i cksy]s vkSj gekjk okyk\ eSua s dgk] tk,xh rks iwjh gokyk ckjkr tk,xh] dksbZ NwVx s k ughaA bl ij os Bgkdk yxkdj galus yxsA ysfdu ckn esa mUgsa vkMok.kh th ds f[kykQ pktZ”khV esa ‘kM~;= a utj vkus yxkA 1 fnlEcj 1995 dks dkypØ ds vaxzt s h ikf{kd v[kckj dh eq[; [kcj Fkh] ^feLVj oktis;h! foy ;w ,DV\* ¼oktis;h th] D;k vki dqN djsx a \s ½ blesa oktis;h th dks lEcksfèkr djrs gq, reke dkj.k crk, x, Fks] ftudh otg ls mUgsa laln esa tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM dh tk¡p esa gks jgh dksrkgh dk loky mBkuk pkfg, FkkA ij os pqi jgsA D;ks\a D;k jktuhfrd etcwjh jk’Vªfgr ls Åij gksrh gS\

Hkktik dk van:uh dyg& Hkktik ds f”k[kj usr‘Ro ds chp py jgs van:uh dyg dk iwjk ifjp; rc feyk tc mlds ,d jk’Vªh; usrk us eq>s rhu iUus dk vaxzt s h esa Vkbi fd;k gqvk ,d xksiuh; ipkZ i<+ok;kA vkMok.kh th ds fudV ekus tkus okys ;s usrk pwfa d esjs Hkh iqjkus ifjfpr gS]a blfy, mUgsa ml ipsZ ds elkSns ij ;dhu ugha gqvkA bl ipsZ dks Hkktik dh jk’Vªh; dk;Zdkfj.kh ds lnL;ksa ds chp ck¡Vk x;k FkkA edln Fkk ;g fl) djuk fd tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM esa eSua s vkMok.kh th dks vVy fcgkjh oktis;h o eqjyh euksgj 250

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

tks”kh ds b”kkjs ij Qalk;k gSA bl dke ds fy, bu usrkvksa us eq>s vackuh lewg ls yk[kksa #i, fnyok, gSAa ipkZ i<+dj esjk [kwu [kkSy x;kA bl >wB dks fuewZy djus ds fy, eSua s rqjra fuEu i= vackuh lewg ds fnYyh dk;kZy; fHktok;k vkSj bldh izfr;k¡ Hkktik ds lHkh cM+s usrkvksa ds ?kj mlh jkr QSDl dj nhA i= bl izdkj Fkk %

tqykbZ 27] 1997 fiz; vfuy HkkbZ vackuh th] vktdy Hkktik ds ^buj lfdZy* esa ,d vaxzt s h esa Vkbi ipkZ ck¡Vk tk jgk gS] ftlesa ppkZ gS fd vkids lewg us Jh vVy fcgkjh oktis;h o Jh eqjyh euksgj tks”kh dh ekQZr eq>s 20 yk[k #i, fn,] rkfd eSa Jh ykyÑ’.k vkMok.kh th dh Nfo [kjkc dj ldw¡A dqN vQokgsa 40 yk[k dh vkSj dqN 53 yk[k #i, dh Hkh mM+kbZ tk jgh gSAa bl lanHkZ esa eq>s vkils fuEu fuosnu djuk gS % 1;g ipkZ tkfgju vkMok.kh th ds yksxkas dh rjQ ls caVok;k tk jgk gS] rkfd tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM dh lPpkbZ ij ls ikVhZ ds lefiZr dk;ZdrkZvksa dk è;ku gVkdj mUgsa xqejkg fd;k tk ldsA xkSjryc gS fd tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn& gokyk dkaM dks ysdj tks 14 iz”u eSua s Jh vkMok.kh th ls ¼dkypØ ikf{kd] 1&15 ebZ 1997 ds vad es½a iwNs Fks] mudk mÙkj mUgksua s vkt rd ughaa fn;kA fdarq vkil esa Hkktik usrkvksa dk naxy pkyw jgkA 2eq>s vk”p;Z gS fd ipkZ rS;kj djus okyksa us bruh izkis x s M a k djus ls igys tjk Hkh fnekx ugha yxk;kA jkejFk ;k=k ds fnuksa ls gh ;g ckr ehfM;k txr~ esa ppkZ esa jgh gS fd vkMok.kh th o muds fudVLFk Hkktik usrkvksa ds [kpZs vkidk lewg mBkrk jgk gSA fQj vki vius gh vknfe;ksa ds f[kykQ ,slk dke D;ksa djsx a s\ ^jk’Vªokfn;ksa* dh Hk;adj Hkwy %

251

3;fn eku Hkh ysa fd jktuhfr dh “krjat esa gj rjg ds [ksy [ksyus iM+rs gS]a rks gks ldrk gS vkius ;g èku eq> rd fHktok;k gksA bl lanHkZ esa eq>s vkidks lwfpr djuk gS fd ;fn ;g lp gS] rks vkids fy, ;g fpark dk fo’k; gksuk pkfg,] D;ksfa d eq> rd ;g ugha igq¡pkA vkius fdldh ekQZr Hkstk Fkk\ dkSu chp esa [kk x;k\ Ñi;k rgdhdkr djok ysa vkSj ml ^lTtu iq#’k* ls viuk èku olwy ysAa 4oSls eSa lkspdj gSjku gw¡ fd 20 ;k 53 yk[k #i, dh ;g jde fdlds fnekxh dkj[kkus esa bZtkn gqbZ \ jktuhfr esa #fp ysus okys vki tSls vkS|ksfxd lewg vkSj ehfM;k ds esjs s lkFkh vPNh rjg tkurs gSa fd tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM mBkdj 1993 ls ftrus l{ke vkSj rkdroj yksxksa ls eSa tw> jgk gw¡] os yksx s esjk eq¡g can djus dh fdruh eksVh dher ns ldrs FksA mlds lkeus 53 yk[k #i, dh D;k fclkr\ ij jktuhfrKksa vkSj muds pkVqdkjksa dk tks iru vkt gks pqdk gS] mlesa muls blds vykok vkSj D;k mEehn dh tk ldrh gS\ blfy, ,sls feF;k vkjksiksa dks lqudj dqN cqjk Hkh ugha yxrk] cfYd mudh cqf) ij rjl gh vkrk gSA JhÑ’.k mUgsa ln~cqf) nsAa [kSj] vkils vis{kk gS fd vki iwjs ekeys dh tk¡p vo”; djk,ax s s vkSj eq>s Hkh mlds ifj.kkeksa dh lwpuk nsus dh Ñik djsx a As “kqHkdkeukvksa lfgr Hkonh; fouhr ukjk;.k laiknd] dkypØ ckn esa Hkktik ds mPpLrjh; lw=ksa ls irk pyk fd ;g vizR;kf”kr QSDl ikus ds ckn Hkktik esa mPpLrj ij py jgk ;g ‘kM~;= a BaMk iM+ x;kA 252

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

,d vkSj ?kVuk egÙoiw.kZ gSA baæ dqekj xqtjky ij ykyw ;kno ds cgqr ,glku gS]a ;g lc tkurs gSAa blfy, tc Jh xqtjky izèkkuea=h cus] rks Hkktikb;ksa us [kwc “kksj epk;k fd pkjk ?kksVkys dh tk¡p dh tk,A pwfa d Jh xqtjky badk ds leFkZu ls ljdkj pyk jgs Fks] blfy, cksQkslZ ij Hkh Hkktikb;ksa us geyk cksy fn;kA bl nkSjku eSa vVy fcgkjh oktis;h ls muds ?kj tkdj feyk vkSj muls Hkz’Vkpkj ds gj eqís ij cksyus dh ek¡x dhA mUgksua s rqjra izèkkuea=h vkbZ-ds- xqtjky ds uke ,d i= nkx fn;kA blesa mUgksua s cksQkslZ dkaM o pkjk dkaM dh tk¡p esa gks jgh dksrkgh dh rjQ ljdkj dk è;ku [khapkA ij tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM dh fu’i{k tk¡p dh ek¡x mUgksua s fQj Hkh ugha dhA eSua s fojksèk trkrs gq, mUgsa dM+k i= fy[kk] rks oktis;h th dk Qksu vk;k vkSj mUgksuas s fcuk ghy gqTtr ds Lohdkj fd;k fd bl ekeys esa os *etcwj* gSAa lq’kek Lojkt] Ñ’.kyky “kekZ] lqna j flag HkaMkjh] eqjyh euksgj tks”kh] izeksn egktu] txeksgu] mek Hkkjrh vkfn Hkktik usrkvksa ls eSa flrEcj 1993 ds ckn dbZ ckj feyrk jgk ;k Qksu ij ckr djrk jgkA bl dkaM esa lh-ch-vkbZ- rFkk Hkkjr ljdkj dh csbZekuh ds f[kykQ lkexzh Hkstrk jgkA muls laln esa o ckgj vkokt mBkus ds fy, dgrk jgkA eSua s bUgsa ;kn fnyk;k fd vki d”ehj ds vkradokn ds f[kykQ rks izn”kZu djrs gS]a ij vkradokfn;ksa dks enn nsus okyksa dks idM+okus esa vki D;ksa pqi gS\a buesa ls dqN us f[kfl;krs gq, nch tqcku ls dgk fd vki cgqr cgknqjh ls ;g uSfrd yM+kbZ yM+ jgs gS]a ij ge D;k djs]a gekjs gkFk caèks gS]a D;ksfa d gekjs usrk vkMok.kh th gh blesa Qals gSAa ;gh ugha] Hkktik ds lkjs lkalnksa dks dkypØ dk;kZy; ls tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM ij fu;fer lkexzh Hksth tkrh jgh& bl mEehn esa fd fdlh dk rks ns”kizes tkxsxk vkSj og bl ekeys esa cjrh tk jgh dksrkgh ds fy, ujflag jko ljdkj dks dkslx as As ij ,slk ugha gqvkA D;ks\a ^jk’Vªokfn;ksa* dh Hk;adj Hkwy %

253

vxj vkMok.kh th funksZ’k gS]a rks vkradokn ds bl xaHkhj ekeys esa tk¡p dh ek¡x djus esa mUgsa D;k fgpd Fkh\ 8 vizSy 1997 dks fnYyh gkbZ dksVZ ds fu.kZ; ds ckn vkMok.kh th us rhu ckrsa dghaA ;g mudh ^uSfrd thr gSA* ^;g vlR; ij lR; dh thr gSA* blls os ^nkxeqDr* gks x,A eSua s QkSju muls 15 loky iwNrs gq, dkypØ v[kckj Nkidj fnYyh o ns”k dh izl s esa ckaVk] D;ksfa d blds ckn rks lkQ Fkk fd gj usrk blh rjg NwVus okyk FkkA bl fu.kZ; ds vkrs gh vkMok.kh th ns”k esa ^uSfrd fot; jFk ;k=k* “kq: djus dh ?kks’k.kk dj pqds FksA fdarq dkypØ ds iz”uksa dks i<+dj mUgksua s viuh uSfrd fot; ;k=k Vky nhA bl v[kckj esa i=dkjksa ls vkMok.kh th dh izLrkfor jFk ;k=k ds nkSjku bu lokyksa dks gj “kgj esa iwNus dk vuqjksèk fd;k x;k FkkA ckn esa mUgksua s viuh izLrkfor jFk ;k=kk dk uke ^Lo.kZ t;arh ;k=k* j[k fn;kA rc 8 ebZ 1997 dks eSua s mUgsa ,d vkSj i= fy[kk & ^vknj.kh; nknk] vPNk gqvk vkids ^fFkad VSd a * us vkidh jFk ;k=k dk uke cnydj ^Lo.kZ t;arh ;k=k* j[k fn;kA bl uke ij D;k fookn gks ldrk gS \ vk”kk gS] vkidh ;g ;k=k ns”kHkfDr dh lPph ygj iSnk dj ldsxhA lkFk gh layXu iz”uksa dk mÙkj ;fn vki ns ldsa rks eSa o jk’Vª ÑrK gksx a As “kqHkdkukvksa lfgr] vkidk iq=or~ fouhr ukjk;.k vkMok.kh th ls iwNs x, ;s iz”u vkt Hkh vuqÙkfjr gSAa 1998 esa tc vkMok.kh th Hkkjr ds x`gea=h cus] rks mUgksua s lcls igyh egÙoiw.kZ ?kks’k.kk dh fd os lh-ch-vkbZ- dks vius vèkhu ys ysx a As ;g [krjukd izof` Ùk FkhA bldk dM+k fojksèk izdV djrs gq, 254

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

eSua s ntZuHkj {ks=h; v[kckjksa esa Nius okys vius lkIrkfgd dkWye esa 27 ekpZ 1998 dks fy[kk % ^,sls ladrs feys gSa fd vkMok.kh th lh-ch-vkbZ- dks iqu% x`g ea=ky; ds vèkhu ysuk pkgrs gS]a tks ,d mfpr ek¡x Hkh gSA 1973 ls igys lh-ch-vkbZ- x`gea=h ds vèkhu gh gqvk djrk FkkA ckn esa Jherh bafnjk xk¡èkh us mls vius vèkhu ys fy;kA lh-ch-vkbZ- ds dkjukeksa ls Li’V gS fd og Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj ns”knzkgs ds fØ;kdyki esa fyIr fdlh Hkh cM+s usrk ;k vQlj dks vkt rd ltk ugha fnyok ik;kA vkMok.kh th dh iz”kklfud {kerk ij fdlh dks langs ugha gSA fdarq ,sls uktqd ekeys es]a tc gokyk dkaM dh tk¡p ds nk;js esa os Lo;a Hkh vkrs gks]a rks mUgsa lh-ch-vkbZ- dks vius vèkhu ysus s dk vkxzg ugha djuk pkfg,A vU;Fkk bldk xyr lan”s k tk,xkA* blh ys[k esa eSua s fy[kk] ^tgk¡ rd vkradokn dk loky gS] ;g vk”p;Z dh ckr gS fd [kqfQ;k tk¡p ,tafsa l;k¡ vkt rd bldh tM+ esa ugha igq¡p ikb±A ,slk ugha gS fd bu ,tsfa l;ksa ds ikl bl rjg dh tk¡p dj ldus ;ksX; iqfyl vQlj ugha gSAa vlfy;r ;g gS fd ,sls lHkh dkaMksa ij jktuSfrd nckoksa ds rgr inkZ Mky fn;k tkrk gSA oksgjk desVh dh fjiksVZ] ns’k ds vusd v[kckjksa esa fy[ks x, laikndh;] Nih [kcjsa vkSj loksZPp U;k;ky; o vU; U;k;ky;ksa dh yxkrkj dh xbZ fVIif.k;k¡ bl ckr dks ckj&ckj js[kkafdr djrh jgh gSa fd vkradokn dks jktuhfrd laj{k.k izkIr gSA blfy, ;g vkSj Hkh t:jh gS fd vkradokn ds iwjs ra= dh bZekunkjh] fu’Bk vkSj ikjnf”kZrk ls le;c) dk;ZØe ds rgr tk¡p gksA irk yxk;k tk, fd brus cM+s iqfyl ra= vkSj [kqfQ;k ra= ds ckotwn vkradoknh dSls brus cs[kkSQ gksdj ns”k ds gj fgLls esa QSyrs tk jgs gS\a dkSu gS]a tks bUgsa foÙkh; enn igq¡pkrs gS\a dkSu bUgsa laj{k.k nsrk gS\ dSls ;s yksx dkuwu ds f”kdatksa ls gj ckj cp tkrs gS\a ^jk’Vªokfn;ksa* dh Hk;adj Hkwy %

255

^vkradokfn;ksa dks foÙkh; enn feyus ds lcls iq[rk lcwr ^tSu gokyk dkaM* esa ekStnw gSAa ysfdu vk”p;Z gS fd vkt 7 o’kZ ckn Hkh lh-ch-vkbZ- us tSu gokyk dkaM ds bl i{k dh tk¡p rd “kq: ugha dh] tcfd 25 ekpZ 1991 dks bl dsl dks vkradokfn;ksa dks enn dh dkjZokbZ ds rgr jftLVj fd;k x;k FkkA loksZPp U;k;ky; dh fuxjkuh ds ckotwn lh-ch-vkbZ- ds Hkz’V vkSj pkVqdkj vfèkdkjh bl tk¡p dks vkt rd nck, cSBs jgs gSAa blls Hkh cM+s vk”p;Z dh ckr ;g gS fd ns”knzkgs ds brus cM+s dkaM ij vU; ikfVZ;ksa ds vykok Hkkjrh; turk ikVhZ tSlh jk’Vªoknh ikVhZ ds Hkh fdlh usrk ;k lkaln us vkt rd u rks tk¡p dh ek¡x gh dh vkSj u gh lh-ch-vkbZ- dh dksrkgh ds f[kykQ ns”k esa dksbZ vkUnksyu gh pyk;kA vkUnksyu rks nwj] “kksj rd ugha epk;k fd fujhg yksxksa dh tku ij eaMjkrs vkradokn ds [krjs ds ckotwn lh-ch-vkbZ- ;g tk¡p fdlds ncko esa ugha dj jgh gSA ^Hkktik ,d rjQ rks d”ehj esa vkradokfn;ksa dh fgalk dh f”kdkj fganw vkcknh ds fy, o’kks± ls vkUnksyu pykrh jgh gS] d”ehjh “kj.kkfFkZ;ksa ds vk¡lw iksN a us dk Js; ysrh jghs gS vkSj nwljh rjQ og d”ehj ds gh vkradokfn;ksa dks nh tk jgh fons”kh enn ls tqMs+ tSu gokyk dkaM dh tk¡p dh ek¡x djus ls fgpdrh jghA le> esa ugha vkrk fd Hkktik ,slk D;ksa djrh jgh gS\ [kSj] vc rks Hkktik dh gh ljdkj gSA lh-ch-vkbZ- Hkh mlh ds usrk vVy fcgkjh oktis;h ds vèkhu gSA blfy, vc rks nwèk dk nwèk vkSj ikuh dk ikuh gks gh tkuk pkfg,A* bl lEcaèk esa eSua s jk’Vªifr] izèkkuea=h o vU; egÙoiw.kZ usrkvksa ds uke i= Hkh fy[ks] ftlesa muls lh-ch-vkbZ- dks vkMok.kh th ds vèkhu tkus ls jksdus dh vihy dh FkhA fQj lquus esa vk;k fd vkMok.kh th us lh-ch-vkbZ- dks vius vèkhu ysus dh ftn NksM+ nhA 256

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

Hkktik ds jk’Vªh; vfèkos”ku esa tc dk;ZdrkZvksa ls vkMok.kh th us viuh fganow knh Nfo ds foijhr èkeZfujis{krk viukus vkSj ubZ ifjfLFkfr esa Hkktik ds iqjkus ,tsM a dks Hkwy tkus dh lykg nh] rks eSua s vkMok.kh th dks oS”kk[kh] ¼tfy;kaokyk ckx “kgknr fnol ds fnu½ 13 vizSy 1998 dks ,d vkSj i= fy[kk] ftlds dqN va”k bl izdkj Fks(

vknj.kh; nknk] gfj cksy] oans ekrje~ ! dy ds v[kckjksa esa vkidh ubZ lksp dh >yd feyh] tks funsZ”k vkius Hkktik ds dk;ZdrkZvksa dks fn, gS]a gks ldrk gS fd muls vkidks ^vius* liuksa dk Hkkjr cukus esa lqfoèkk gks] ij la?k dh fopkjèkkjk ds izfr lefiZr dk;ZdrkZvksa dks ,slk ugha yxrkA la?k usr`Ro ds ncko esa os “kk;n u cksy]as ij eSua s ges”kk ;gh ekuk gS fd i=dkj dh dy;qx esa ogh Hkwfedk gS tks ckdh ;qxksa esa _f’k&eqfu;ksa dh gksrh FkhA jktlÙkk ds xfy;kjksa ls nwj jgdj os vke turk ds nq[k&nnZ dks le>us dk iz;kl djrs FksA tc vko”;drk le>rs] rks Hkjs njckj esa tkdj jktk dks mldh xyfr;ksa ds fy, Vksdrs FksA lquuk o ekuuk jktk ds pfj= o mldh bPNk ij fuHkZj djrk FkkA Hkkjr dks u le>us dh Hkwy& nq[k dh ckr gS fd Hkkjrh; n”kZu dks le>s fcuk] mldk vius thou esa vkpj.k fd, fcuk] tks xyrh vU; ny djrs vk, gS]a nqHkkZX; ls Hkktik usr`Ro Hkh mlh chekjh ls vNwrk ugha jgkA ojuk vkt vkidks bl rjg dqlhZ ds fy, vpkud èkeZfujis{k gksus dk vkMacj u jpuk iM+rkA cfYd iwjh fu’Bk ls vkSj iwjs vkRefo”okl ls vki dgrs fd] ^ns”k vkSj lekt dh gj leL;k dk gy Hkkjr ds vkè;kfRed n”kZu esa fufgr gSA ge bls fl) djds fn[kk,ax s As * ^jk’Vªokfn;ksa* dh Hk;adj Hkwy %

257

vki tkurs gSa fd vkt Hkkjrh; lekt dh gh ugha] lEiw.kZ fo”o lekt ds lkeus tks leL;k,sa gS]a mudk funku Hkkjr ds lukru vkè;kfRed Kku esa fNik gSA tkfrokn] lkEiznkf;drk o jktuhfrd Hkz’Vkpkj tSlh leL;kvksa ds lekèkku rks blesa gSa gh] i;kZoj.k] ;ksxklu] vk;qoZns ] foKku] [ksrh] O;kikj] djkèkku] iz”kklu] x`gLFk thou vkSj czãp;Z gh ugha] cfYd iwjk thou thus dh dyk ds O;kogkfjd] lkFkZd o oSKkfud fu;e bu èkeZ xzFa kksa esa foLrkj ls fn, x, gSAa ;g Kku vkèkqfud lekt dh reke cqjkb;ksa dks tM+ ls lekIr djus dh “kfDr j[krk gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd tgk¡ xqyke ekufldrk okyk Hkkjrh; jktuhfrd usr`Ro if”pe ds dpM+s dks cVksjdj ns”k esa ijkslus ij tqVk gS] ogha vejhdk] teZuh] tkiku tSls fodflr jk’Vªkas esa jkr&fnu bUgha èkeZ&”kkL=ksa dk vè;;u dj] gekjh gh ckSf)d laink dks èkM+kèkM+ isVVas djk;k tk jgk gSA ge ew[kks± dh rjg cSBs rek”kk ns[k jgs gSAa ¼blh i= esa gokyk dkaM dk ftØ djrs gq, eSua s vkxs fy[kk %½ dk”k ,slk gqvk gksrk rks vkt vkidh t;&t;dkj gksrh ^eq>s nq[k gS fd irk ugha dSls lykgdkjksa ds ek;ktky esa Qaldj vkius tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM ij ,slk joS;k viuk;kA ;fn vxLr] 93 esa eq>s o esjh dSejk Vhe dks èkDds ekjdj ?kj ls ckgj fudyokus dh ctk; dkypØ ohfM;ks ds iwoZ vadksa dks fn, x, lk{kkRdkjksa dh rjg vkius Vhoh baVjO;w ns fn;k gksrk] rks ckr gh dqN vkSj gksrhA vki dSejs ds lkeus dg ldrs Fks fd] ^gk¡ HkkbZ] jktuhfrd nyksa dks pank ysuk iM+rk gSA lqjnas z tSu us Hkh fn;k gksxkA ij mldk èkaèkk D;k gS] mlds vkradokfn;ksa ls lEcaèk gSa ;k ugha bldh tkudkjh eq>s ugha gSA gks Hkh dSls ldrh gS\ dksbZ pank nsus okys ds ekFks ij FkksMs+ gh fy[kk gksrk gSA* cl brus ij gh eSa vkils fuosnu djrk fd] ^nknk! vkb, blh dkaM dks eqík cukdj jktuhfr esa vkbZ xanxh ds fo#) jk’VªO;kih vfHk;ku NsMAas+ vki usr`Ro djsa eSa vkidh pj.k iknqdk ysdj pyw¡xkA* ij vk”p;Z gS fd vkils T;knk 258

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

fgEer rks pkSèkjh nsoh yky ;k “kjn ;kno tSls jktuhfrKksa rd us fn[kkbZ vkSj ckn esa jkts”k ik;yV o ,e-ts- vdcj lesr ntZu Hkj vU; usrkvksa us Hkh] tc mUgksua s ekuk fd tSu Mk;fj;ksa esa muds uke ds vkxs ntZ jde Bhd gS vkSj pquko ds fy, mUgksua s ;g iSls fy;s FksA xyrh ge lHkh ls gksrh gSA “kkld oxZ tkucw>dj gh ,sls dkuwu cukrk gS fd vke yksx etcwju dksbZ ^vijkèk* dj cSBAas fQj vijkèkcks/k ls xzLr jgsAa Mjs jgsa vkSj gqDejkuksa dh ukQjekfu;ksa ds f[kykQ cxkor u djsAa blfy, esjk ;g n`<+ fo”okl gS fd VSDl pksjh ls ysdj tscdrjh rd dh izo`fÙk ds fy, “kkld oxZ gh ftEesnkj gksrk gSA “kkL=ksa esa Hkh dgk gS fd ^;Fkk jktk rFkk iztk*A vk”p;Z gS fd iztk dks rks mlds NksV& s ls vijkèkksa ij Hkh viekfur vkSj izrkfM+r fd;k tkrk gS] tcfd “kkldksa ds vjcksa #i, ds ?kksVkyksa ij inkZ Mky fn;k tkrk gSA bl fo’kerk dks js[kkafdr djus ds fy, gh eq>s gokyk la?k’kZ NsMu+ k iM+kA eq>s larks’k gS fd bl ns”k ds djksMk+ as ukxfjdksa o Hkxon~ HkDr lartuksa ds vk”khokZn ls blesa uSfrd fot; Hkh izkIr gqbZA “kkldksa dh bl nksgjh izof` Ùk ds fojksèk esa dk”k! vkius Hkh ,slh fgEer fn[kkbZ gksrh] rks vkt Hkktik ds uSfrd Lrj ds lkeus dksbZ Hkh ny fVd gh ugha ikrkA ipkl o’kks± dh xanxh ds fy, ftEesnkj nyksa dks dwMns+ ku esa Qsd a dj ns”k dh turk Lo;a Hkktik ds ekxZ esa iq’i o’kkZ djrhA ij bZ”oj dks egkHkkjr gh eatjw FkkA tSls vius ^nknk* Hkh’efirkeg dks vèkeZ dk lkFk nsus ds dkj.k muds ikS= vtqZu dks mUgsa ck.kksa ls Hksnuk iM+k] dqN blh rjg eq>s Hkh vkids f[kykQ ^”kL=* mBkus iM+As gks ldrk gS fd tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM ds tq>k: la?k’kZ ds nkSj vkSj vkØks”k ds vfrjsd esa esjs O;ogkj ls vkidks Bsl igq¡ph gks] ftlds fy, eSa {kekizkFkhZ gw¡A ij vkidks eSua s viuk “k=q dHkh ugha ekukA njvly] ftlls Lusg gksrk gS] ftlds izfr eu esa lEeku gksrk gS mlls ,sls vkpj.k dh vis{kk ugha dh tk ldrh fd ^jk’Vªokfn;ksa* dh Hk;adj Hkwy %

259

og vkradokfn;ksa o ns”knzkfs g;ksa dh j{kk esa ekSu jgsxkA og Hkh rc tc vkradokfn;ksa dks nqcbZ ls enn vkus ds reke izek.k ekStnw gksAa * fnlEcj 1998 esa ckj&ckj vkMok.kh th ds c;ku vkus yxs fd os vkradokn vkSj ikfdLrku dh [kqfQ;k ,tsl a h vkbZ-,l-vkbZ- ds ckjs esa tYn gh ,d “osri= tkjh djus okys gSAa tc dydÙkk gokbZ vìs ij mUgksua s Vhoh laoknnkrkvksa ls dgk fd mudk ;s izLrkfor “osr i= laln ds pkyw l= esa is”k gksxk] rks nwjn”kZu ij ;g lekpkj ns[kdj eSua s vkMok.kh th dks 18 fnlEcj 1998 dks ,d vkSj i= fy[kkA lkFk gh vius lkIrkfgd dkWye esa Hkh bldk mYys[k fd;k] ftlds dqN va”k bl izdkj gSa % ^Hkkjr esa vkradokn dks iuikus esa vkbZ-,l-vkbZ- dh lafnXèk Hkwfedk ds ckjs esa vkids }kjk “osri= izLrqr djus dk iz;kl ,d iz”kaluh; dne gSA vc rd ns”k esa rhl gtkj csxqukg yksx vkradokfn;ksa }kjk ekjs tk pqds gSAa jk’Vª ds fo#) bl t?kU; vijkèk dh ljdkj ewd n`’Vk cuh ugha jg ldrhA esjh fpark flQZ bruh gS fd Hkkjr esa vkbZ-,l-vkbZ- o vkradokn ds tky dk inkZQk”k djus ds mRlkg esa vki fu”p; gh dqN vR;ar egÙoiw.kZ ?kVukvksa dh mis{kk dj nsx a ]s tks vkradokn dh foÙkh; enn djus okyksa ls tqMh+ gSAa vkt vki Hkkjr esa vkbZ-,l-vkbZ- vkSj vkradokn ds c<+rs ra= ds izfr fpark trk jgs gSAa ij D;k vki ,d Hkh izl s drju ;k lalnh; dk;Zokgh dk fjdkMZ fn[kk ldrs gSa ftlls ;g fl) gks fd vkius ;k vkids ny ds vU; lnL;ksa us tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn& gokyk dkaM esa tk¡p dh ek¡x dks dHkh tksjnkj rjhds ls mBk;k gks\ D;k vki fiNys ik¡p o’kZ ls vks<h+ gqbZ bl jgL;e;h [kkeks”kh dh dksbZ otg crk ldrs gS\a D;k vki tkurs gSa fd fo”ks’k vnkyr] fnYyh mPp U;k;ky; o Hkkjr ds loksZPp U;k;ky; ds ekuuh; U;k;kèkh”kksa us tSu 260

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

gokyk&vkradokn dkaM dh tk¡p esa lh-ch-vkbZ- dh dksrkgh ds ckjs esa dM+s “kCnksa esa fVIif.k;k¡ ntZ dh gaS \ D;k ;g nqHkkZX;iw.kZ ugha gS fd lh-ch-vkbZ- dks ljdkj us bl cqjh rjg tdM+ j[kk gS fd loksZPp U;k;ky; dh fuxjkuh ds ckotwn ns”k dh ;g “kh’kZ tk¡p ,tsl a h vkradokn ls tqMs+ usVodZ dks idM+us esa ukdke;kc jghA ^Åij ls* iM+us okys jktuhfrd ncko us bls iaxq cuk fn;k gSA [krjukd ckr rks ;g gS fd tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj& vkradokn&gokyk dkaM ds vkradokn okys i{k ij lh-ch-vkbZ- us vkt rd Hkh tk¡p “kq: ugha dh gSA ij tc ls vkius ykSgiq#’k ljnkj iVsy dh dqlhZ] Hkkjr ds u, x`g ea=h ds :i esa laHkkyh gS] rc ls ns”k dks vkils cgqr vk”kk,as txh gaSA nqHkkZX; ls vkradokfn;ksa dks foÙkh; enn igq¡pkus okyksa dks idM+uk vkidh izkFkfedrk dh lwph esa fn[kkbZ ugha nsrkA ,d x`gea=h ds ukrs D;k ;g vkidks ugha dpksVrk fd vki tkusa fd yanu vkSj nqcbZ esa cSBh os dkSu&lh rkdrs gSa tks vkradokfn;ksa dks Hkh èku fHktok jgh gaS vkSj Hkkjrh; jktuhfrKksa dks Hkh\ D;ksfa d ;s rkdrsa bruh izHkko”kkyh gSa fd ftu jktusrkvksa dks bUgksua s [kjhn j[kk gS] os lc ns”knzkgs ds bl dkaM ij eq¡g ugha [kksyuk pkgrsA D;k eSa vkils iwN ldrk gw¡ fd fdl uSfrd vkèkkj ij vki laln ds le{k ;g “osri= izLrqr djus tk jgs gS\a tcfd vkius Hkh ns”knzkgs ds bl dkaM ij ,slk mnklhu joS;k viuk j[kk gS \* blds ckn irk ugha fdu dkj.kksa ls vkMok.kh th dk laln ds mlh l= esa vkus okyk cgqizpkfjr “osr i= ugha vk;kA blls dqN fnu igys gh 1 uoEcj 1998 dks cM+kSnk fo”ofo|ky; ds izkx a .k esa ,d lsfeukj dks lEcksfèkr djrs gq, ,d Jksrk ds iz”u ds mÙkj esa eSua s pqukSrhiw.kZ Hkk’kk esa dgk fd ;fn vkMok.kh th tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj& vkradokn&gokyk dkaM esa funksZ’k gS]a rks os bl dkaM dh bZekunkj tk¡p djokdj fn[kk,aA esjk ;g oDrO; vxys fnu cM+kSnk ds izeq[k v[kckj lan”s k] bafM;u ,Dlizl s vkfn esa izeq[krk ls NikA bl rjg ^jk’Vªokfn;ksa* dh Hk;adj Hkwy %

261

vusd ys[kks]a i=ksa o lkoZtfud c;kuksa dh ekQZr eSua s tks Hkh iz”u vkMok.kh th ds lkeus j[ks] muesa ls fdlh dk Hkh mÙkj mUgksua s vkt rd ugha fn;kA gk¡] esjs ckj&ckj ds uSfrd geys ls [khtdj mUgksua s eq>s feyh ^okbZ dSVx s jh* dh lqj{kk t:j okil ys yhA vfuy nhoku ges”kk esjh lqj{kk ds fy, fpafrr jgrs FksA fo”ks’kdj tc tuojh 1996 esa tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM esa jktusrk pktZ”khV gks x,] rc rks os gekjh yxHkx gj yhxy dkUÝsl a esa ;g ckr mBkrs FksA mudh lykg ij oh-dsvksgjh us izèkkuea=h ,p-Mh- nsoxkSMk+ dks i= fy[kkA mlds ckn rRdkyhu x`gea=h banzthr xqIr us tqykbZ 1996 ls esjs ifjokj vkSj esjs fy, lqj{kk dh O;oLFkk dj nh FkhA vlyh lqj{kk rks Hkxoku dh gh gksrh gS] ij ml ekgkSy es]a fo”ks’kdj tcfd eSa yxkrkj ns”kHkj esa Hkze.k djrk jgrk Fkk vkSj rh[ks Hkk’k.k nsrk jgrk Fkk] ml fdLe ds lqj{kk dop ls HkhM+ esa fdlh vizR;kf”kr geys dh rjQ ls ,d csfQØh jgrh FkhA ij ftl rjg Jh vkMok.kh th us ;g fd;k] og muds jktksfpr xq.k dk izn”kZu ugha djrkA eq>s rks Hkxor Ñik ij fo”okl Fkk] blfy, blls dksbZ QdZ ugha iM+kA oSls ;g mYys[kuh; gS fd lw;kZ cYc okys o vkMok.kh th ds ikfjokfjd fe= o Hkktik ds mPp inkfèkdkjh t;izdk”k vxzoky th ds NksVs HkkbZ osnizdk”k vxzoky th ¼tks mPp dksfV ds Ñ’.k HkDr gS½a us gh eq>ls dgk fd vkids fy, igys ls T;knk vkt lqj{kk dh t:jr gSA igys rks vki lekpkjksa esa Fks] vc ugha gSAa blfy, dksbZ Hkh cnyk ysus dh lksp ldrk gSA mYys[kuh; gS fd 1993 ds ckn 2002 rd vkMok.kh th eq>ls ugha cksyAs tcfd badk ds reke os cM+s usrk tks gokyk dkaM esa vkjksfir gq, Fks] os gokyk dsl can gksus ds ckn fuladksp feyrs jgsA mUgksua s dHkh vius O;ogkj ls ;g izdV ugha gksus fn;k fd esjs bl la?k’kZ ds dkj.k mUgsa D;k rdyhQ gqbZA lPpkbZ rks ;g gS fd eu esa vxj Vhl Hkh jgh gksxh rks Hkh ;s usrk bruh xeZtks”kh ls feys fd budk O;ogkj eu dks Nw x;kA [kklrkSj ij eSa Lo- ek/kojko 262

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

flaf/k;k] Lo- jkts”k ik;yV] vtqZu flag] vkj- ds- /kou] deyukFk] ,u-Mh- frokjh] oh-lh- “kqDyk vkfn dk ftØ djuk pkgq¡xk ftUgksua s ;g dgdj ckr Vky nh fd vkius gokyk dk tks loky mBk;k oks fdlh O;fDr ds fo:) ugha cfYd ml jktuSfrd O;oLFkk ds fo:) Fkk ftlesa gj jktuhfrK dks etcwju iSlk ysuk gh iM+rk gSA vkidk mís”; bl iSls ds laxzg dh O;oLFkk dks ikjn”khZ cuokuk FkkA 2002 esa dqN yksxksa ds iz;kl dss ckn esjh vkMok.kh th ls dbZ eqykdkrsa gqbZA bu yach pyh eqykdkrksa esa eSua s muls cgqr lh ckrsa [kqydj dhaA vxj os Hkh “kq: ls gh bl la?k’kZ dks vius fo:) u ysdj O;oLFkk ds fo:) eku ysrs rks “kk;n mUgsa eq>ls ckr djus esa 9 o’kZ dk le; ugha yxrkA 2002 ds e/; esa rRdkyhu dkuwu ea=h v:.k tsVyh us ?kks’k.kk dh fd yanu ls vkradokfn;ksa dks iSlk Hkstus okys Mk- v;wc Bkdqj dks fxj¶rkj dj Hkkjr ykus dh dksf”k”k dh tk jgh gSA mudk vkSj danas zh; x`g ea=h Jh vkMok.kh dk ;g c;ku lkjs ns”k ds v[kckjksa esa NikA fnYyh ds izfrf’Br bafM;k baVjus”kuy lsVa j esa ,d O;k[;ku ds nkSjku tc Jh tsVyh us tc ;gh xoksZfDr iqu% dh rks ,d Jksrk i=dkj us ;kn fnyk;k fd ;g ogh Mk- v;wc Bkdqj gS ftldk uke gokyk dkaM essa fgtcqy eqtkfgíhu dks yanu ls iSlk Hkstus okyksa esa e; lcwr lkeus vk;k FkkA ij bl ekeys dks jQknQk djokus esa Jh tsVyh dh Hkh vge Hkwfedk jghA urhtru Mk- Bkdqj ds f[kykQ dksbZ tk¡p ugha gqbZ vkSj og vkt rd vkradokfn;ksa dks iSlk Hkst jgk gSA ;s lqudj Jh tsVyh cxys >kadus yxsA mYys[kuh; gS fd mi iz/kkuea=h ds :i esa tc Jh vkMok.kh yanu x, rks mUgksua s ehfM;k vkSj Hkkjrh; leqnk; ds lkeus ?kks’k.kk dh fd fczfV”k ljdkj ls mUgksua s Mk- Bkdqj ds Hkkjr dks izR;kiZ.k dh ekax dh gSA dk”k gekjh ckr igys gh lqu yh xbZ gksrh vkSj gokyk dkaM ds egRoiw.kZ rF;ksa dks bl rjg u nck;k x;k gksrk rks ns”k esa vkradokn vius iSj ugha QSyk ikrkA ^jk’Vªokfn;ksa* dh Hk;adj Hkwy %

263

eSa jk’Vªh; Lo;alos d la?k ls tqM+s laxBuksa ds yk[kksa lefiZr] bZekunkj] pfj=oku] Hkkjr dh oSfnd laLÑfr esa J)k j[kus okys jk’VªHkDrksa ls iwNuk pkgrk gw¡ fd tc nqcbZ esa cSBh rkdrsa d”ehj dh ?kkVh esa vkradokn iuik jgh gksa vkSj Hkkjr dh yksdrkaf=d “kfDr;k¡ vkSj ljdkj o mldh ,tsfa l;k¡] laln] lkE;oknh Økafrdkfj;ksa ls ysdj jk’Vªoknh laxBu rd ekSu cSBs gka]s rks eq> tSls lukru èkehZ o ekr`Hkwfe ds mikld i=dkj vkSj ukxfjd dk D;k èkeZ gS\ ;g iz”u eSa Hkktik ds leFkZdksa ls Hkh djuk pkgrk gw¡ fd D;k bl rjg os Hkkjr dks egku jk’Vª cuk ik,sx a \s D;k ge ns”k esa iz[kj jk’Vªokn dh Tokyk izTofyr dj ik,sx a \s ;fn ugha] rks vki Hkh fopkj djsa fd eSua s dgk¡ xyrh dhA eSa ltk Hkqxrus dks rS;kj gw¡A

264

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

22 fQj nck fn;k ^gokyk dsl* yksx gSjku gSa fd tc tuojh 1996 essa tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj& vkradokn&gokyk dkaM esa cM+& s cM+s jktusrk tksj&”kksj ls idM+s x, Fks] rks ;g ekeyk bruh vklkuh ls [kRe dSls gks x;k\ U;kf;d lfØ;rk dks D;k gqvk\ D;k okdbZ tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM esa dksbZ lcwr ugha gSa ;k dqN vkSj ckr gS\ gokyk ekeys es]a uoEcj 1994 es]a loksZPp U;k;ky; dh vHkwriwoZ rRijrk ns[k dj yxk Fkk fd vc U;k; O;oLFkk us lgh fn”kk esa djoV yh gSA U;k;ewfrZ ts-,l- oekZ us gokyk dsl dh lquokbZ ds nkSjku rc fVIi.kh dh Fkh] ^;g cM+k vlkèkkj.k ekeyk gS vkSj ,slk jkst&jkst ugha gksrkA ge dkQh fpafrr gSa vkSj bl ekeys dks ;ksa gh ugha NksM+ ldrsA bldk rdZi.w kZ var gksuk gh pkfg,A ge ifj.kke pkgrs gSAa * bl ekeys dh lquokbZ djrs&djrs U;k;kèkh”k ts-,l- oekZ 1996 vkus rd jk’Vªh; ghjks cu x, FksA ;gk¡ rd fd loksZPp U;k;ky; dh ijaijk ds fo#)] bafM;k VqMs us mu ij doj LVksjh dhA ij ckn esa ,slk D;k gqvk tks tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM ds vkjksih usrk vkSj tSu caèkq ,d ds ckn ,d NwVrs x,\ ftl tSu Mk;jh dks ns[kdj gh loksZPp U;k;ky; ds U;k;ewfrZ Jh oekZ okyh csp a us mldh lqj{kk ds dM+s vkSj vHkwriwoZ bartke fd, Fks] ftl tSu Mk;jh dks ns[krs gh U;k;ewfrZ Jh oekZ us dgk Fkk fd vxj bl ekeys esa cM+s vfHk;qDrksa dks ltk ugha fey ldh] rks ^vnkyrsa pykus dk vkSfpR;* gh lekIr gks tk,xk] ogh tSu Mk;jh fQj lcwr D;ksa ugha jg xbZ\ ftl U;k;ewfrZ Jh oekZ okyh csp a us bl dsl dks gkFk esa ysrs gh tkap ,tsfa l;ksa dks tk¡p ds fy, gj rjg ds funsZ”k nsus “kq: dj fn, Fks] ogh csp a vDrwcj 1996 ds ckn BaMh D;ksa iM+ xbZ\ ;g ckr T;knkrj ns”kokfl;ksa dks ekywe fQj nck fn;k ^gokyk dsl* %

265

266

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

ugha gS] D;ksfa d vnkyr dh ^voekuuk* ds Mj ls bl ekeys dks ehfM;k us Hkh ;k rks Nqvk gh ugha ;k cgqr ladksp ds lkFk mBk;kA 18 fnlEcj 1997 dks loksZPp U;k;ky; us tc pkj o’kZ rd viuh ns[kjs[k ds ckotwn] fcuk tk¡p gq, gh] blh dsl dks can djrs gq, lh-ch-vkbZ- dks Lok;Ùkrk nsus dh ?kks’k.kk dh] rks dqN vaxzsth i=&if=dkvksa us bldk c<+&p<+dj Lokxr fd;kA dqN us rks loksZPp U;k;ky; ds bl QSlys dks ^,sfrgkfld* crk;kA cgqr de yksxksa us ;g loky mBk;k fd Lok;Ùkrk rks Bhd gS] ij vkradokn dks enn igqp a kus okys tSu&vkradokn& gokyk dkaM ds nksf’k;ksa dks ltk D;ksa ugha nh xbZ\ lh-ch-vkbZ- ds ftu vfèkdkfj;ksa us vijkfèk;ksa ds lkFk lkaB&xkaB dj lkr o’kZ rd ns”knzkgs ds bl dkaM dks nck, j[kk Fkk] mUgsa ltk ds cnys rjfDd;k¡ D;ksa ns nh xb±\ tcfd esjh ;kfpdk esa ek¡x Fkh fd d”ehj ds vkradokfn;ksa dks fons”kksa ls èku vkus ds bl ns”knzkgs h dkaM dh bZekunkjh ls tk¡p djokbZ tk, vkSj nksf’k;ksa dks ltk nh tk,A fpark dk dkj.k ;g Fkk fd nqcbZ vkSj yanu esa cSBs ftu lzkrs ksa ls d”ehj ds vkradokfn;ksa dks èku fey jgk Fkk] mUgha lzkrs ksa ls ns”k ds cM+s jktuhfrKksa vkSj vQljksa dks Hkh èku fey jgk FkkA lh-ch-vkbZ- ds ikl lc lcwr Fks] ij og 1991 ls bl ekeys dks nck, cSBh FkhA dksbZ tk¡p ugha gks jgh FkhA gekjh blh ;kfpdk ij uoEcj 1994 esa loksZPp U;k;ky; dh ts-,loekZ dh vè;{krk okyh csp a us tk¡p dh ek¡x dks rjthg nsrs gq, lhch-vkbZ- dh tk¡p viuh ns[kjs[k esa djkus dk fu.kZ; Hkh fy;k FkkA ekeys dh lquokbZ ds nkSjku Hkh tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn& gokyk dkaM dks nckus dh reke jktuhfrd dksf”k”kksa o lh-ch-vkbZds fudEesiu dks ns[kdj gh loksZPp U;k;ky; us lh-ch-vkbZ- dks Lok;Ùkrk ds lkFk vlhe vfèkdkj Hkh ns fn, FksA ckotwn blds lhch-vkbZ- ds vfèkdkfj;ksa us dksbZ tk¡p ugha dh vkSj tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj& vkradokn&gokyk dkaM esa fyIr cM+s usrkvks]a vQljksa vkSj tSu fQj nck fn;k ^gokyk dsl* %

267

268

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

caèkqvksa ds fudy Hkkxus ds fy, reke jkLrs rS;kj fd,A ;g ckr ge vkBosa v/;k; esa tku pqds gSAa ;g ckr fupyh vnkyr ls ysdj loksZPp U;k;ky; ds U;k;kèkh”kksa }kjk fn, x, fu.kZ;ksa ls lkQ gks tkrh gSA U;k;ewfrZ ts-,l- oekZ us] 28 vxLr 1998 dks] ,d izl s oDrO; esa Hkh dgk] ^gokyk ekeys dh iM+rky esa tk¡p ,tsfa l;ksa us Bhd ls dke ugha fd;kA ugha rks bl rjg lHkh vkjksi i= [kkfjt ugha gksrAs * blls cM+k izek.k vkSj D;k gks ldrk gS ;g fl) djus ds fy, fd gokyk dkaM ds vkjksih jktusrkvksa dks lkft’k djds NksMk+ x;k gS\ lcls [kkSQukd ckr rks ;g gS fd gokyk dsl ds vkradokn ls tqMs+ igyqvksa dks Hkh lh-ch-vkbZ- ds vkyk vQljksa us lkft”ku cM+h èkwrZrk ls nck fn;kA loZfofnr gS fd tSu caèkqvksa ds ;gk¡ 3 ebZ 1991 dks lh-ch-vkbZ- us tks Nkik Mkyk Fkk] og d”ehj ds vkradokfn;ksa dks foÙkh; enn igq¡pkus okyksa dh ,d J`[a kyk dh [kkst ds nkSjku iM+k Fkk] ftlesa Hkkjh ek=k esa ns”kh vkSj fons”kh eqnzk idM+h xbZ FkhA ;g iSlk nqcbZ esa cSBs rkfjd HkkbZ vkSj yanu esa cSBs MkW- v;wc voSèk rjhds ls Hkkjr esa Hkst jgs FksA ns”k esa QSy jgs vkradokn dks feyus okys iSls dh bruh laxhu tkudkjh vkSj iq[rk izek.k miyCèk gksus ds ckotwn D;k ;g Hk;kog ckr ugha gS fd lh-ch-vkbZ- us vkradokn ds bl igyw ij gokyk dsl dh tk¡p vkt rd Hkh “kq: ugha dh gS \ blls cM+k ns”knzkgs vkSj D;k gks ldrk gS fd vkradokfn;ksa dh gjdrksa ls jkst ce foLQksV esa csxqukg yksx ekjs tkrs gksa vkSj Hkkjr ljdkj o lh-ch-vkbZ- lc dqN tkurs gq, Hkh [kkeks”k cSBs jgs\a loksZPp U;k;ky; us Hkh lcdqN tkuus&cw>us ds ckotwn lh-ch-vkbZdh bl lkkft”k ds f[kykQ dksbZ dkjZokbZ ugha dhA cfYd “kq: dh rsth fn[kkus ds ckn loksZPp U;k;ky; Hkh èkhjs&èkhjs BaMk iM+ x;kA vDrwcj 1996 ls rks ,d ds ckn ,d reke rkjh[ksa iM+rh xb±] fdarq vk”p;Ztud :i ls loksZPp U;k;ky; us bl dsl esa iwjh <hy ns fQj nck fn;k ^gokyk dsl* %

269

nhA eSua s gj ekSds ij vusd fyf[kr izfrosnuksa o “kiFk i=ksa dh ekQZr tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM dh tk¡p esa tkucw>dj dh tk jgh dksrkgh dh fu;fer lwpuk loksZPp U;k;ky; dks nhA ij ^vutku dkj.kks*a ls bu rF;ksa dh mis{kk dj nh xbZA xuher gS fd esjs ;s lHkh izfrosnu gokyk dsl ds ,sfrgkfld nLrkostksa dk fgLlk gSa vkSj muesa fufgr rF; dHkh >qByk, ugha tk ldrsA ftUgsa dkuwuh ekeyksa dh tkudkjh gS] os dHkh Hkh bl dsl dh Qkby loksPZ p U;k;ky; ls fudyokdj lkjs rF; tku ldrs gSAa lcls T;knk fpark dh ckr rks ;g gS fd gokyk ekeys esa 18 fnlEcj 1997 dks fn, x, rFkkdfFkr ^,sfrgkfld fu.kZ;* }kjk bl ekeys ij [kkd Mky nh xbZA bl rjg u rks gokyk dkaM ds vkjksfi;ksa dks ltk feyh vkSj u gh lh-ch-vkbZ- ds mu Hkz’V vfèkdkfj;ksa dks dksbZ lcd feyk ftUgksua s bl dkaM dh tk¡p dks o’kks± lkft”ku nck, j[kk vkSj ns”k esa vkradokn dks c<+us dk ekSdk fn;kA bl rjg rks Hkfo’; ds fy, Hkh ;g r; gks x;k fd loksZPp U;k;ky; dh ns[kjs[k esa Hkh Hkz’V vfèkdkfj;ksa dk dqN ugha fcxkM+k tk ldrkA vk”p;Z dh ckr gS fd fiNys ipkl o’kk±s esa Hkz’Vkpkj “keZ dh lkjh lhek,as yka?k x;k] fdarq lh-ch-vkbZ- tSlh tk¡p ,tsfa l;k¡ o loksZPp U;k;ky; vkt rd ,d Hkh cM+s Hkz’V usrk dks ltk ugha fnyok ldsA gokyk tSls egÙoiw.kZ dkaM ij fn;k x;k fu.kZ; Hkh blh dM+h esa gSA ns”kokfl;ksa dks blls Hkkjh fujk”kk gqbZA bl fu.kZ; esa lh-ch-vkbZ- dks Lok;Ùkrk nsus dh tks ckr dgh xbZ gS] og ,d lfnPNk ls vfèkd dqN ugha FkhA ;g eSa vnkyr esa fyf[kr izfrosnuksa ds ek/;e ls ckgj izl s esa “kq: ls dg jgk FkkA lh-ch-vkbZ- dks Lok;Ùkrk nsus okys bl QSlys ds fo#) izèkkuea=h dk cjluk vkSj rRdkyhu dkuwu ea=h jekdkar [kyi dk ;g dguk fd laln vius foosd ls QSlyk ysxh] lh-ch-vkbZ- ds funs”kd in ij ,sls O;fDr dks fu;qDr djuk ftlds fo#) loksZPp U;k;ky; ds U;k;kèkh”k us vkykspukRed fVIif.k;k¡ ntZ dh gksa vkfn vusdksa 270

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

izek.k Fks] bl vk”kadk ds fd tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM ds bl QSlys dks rkfdZd ifj.kke rd “kk;n gh dHkh ys tk;k tk,A vHkh rd tks dqN fd;k x;k] og yhikiksrh ls T;knk dqN ugha gSA csgrj rks ;g gksrk fd loksZPp U;k;ky; gokyk dsl ds ewy eqíksa ij gh viuk è;ku dsfa nzr j[krk vkSj tc muds rkfdZd ifj.kke rd igq¡prk] rc dgha lh-ch-vkbZ- dks Lok;Ùkrk nsus dh ckr djrk ;k lh-oh-lh- ds iquZxBu dh ckr djrkA ;g rks ,slk gqvk fd pksj fudy dj Hkkxk tk jgk gks vkSj ge “kksj epk jgs gSa fd idM+k& s idM+ks vkSj loksZPp U;k;ky; ctk; pksj dks idM+us ds fu.kZ; ns fd ^Hkb;k] vxyh ckj rkyk tjk etcwr yxkukA* loksZPp U;k;ky; ds vkns”k ds vuqlkj uoxfBr dsna zh; lrdZrk vk;ksx lh-ch-vkbZ- ij fuxjkuh j[ksxkA tx tkfgj gS fd ljdkj ds osruHkksxh vfèkdkjh bl vk;ksx esa cSBdj fiNys ipkl o’kZ esa fdlh cM+s Hkz’Vkpkjh dks ugha idM+ lds] rks os vc dkSu&lk rhj ekj ysx a \s blh vkns”k esa ;g Hkh gS fd vk;ksx ds lnL;ksa dk p;u ,d lfefr djsxh] ftlds lnL; izèkkuea=h] x`gea=h o foi{k ds usrk gksx a As ;fn ;s rhuksa gh gokyk tSls Hkz’Vkpkj ds fdlh dkaM esa fyIr gks]a rks buls vius gh f[kykQ bZekunkj tk¡p djokus dh mEehn dSls dh tk ldrh gS\ [kkldj rc] tc laoSèkkfud :i ls iwjh rjg Lora= loksZPp U;k;ky; gh] reke gks&gYyk epkus ds ckn Hkh] viuh ns[kjs[k esa tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM dh tk¡p ugha djok ldk\ blfy, gokyk dkaM esa 18 fnlEcj 1998 dks fn;k x;k fu.kZ; ^,sfrgkfld* ugha] cfYd ns”k dh turk dks xqejkg djus okyk FkkA rF;ksa dks nckus okyk vkSj gdhdr ls iyk;u djus okyk gSA csgrj gksrk fd bl dsl dh lquokbZ dj jgs loksZPp U;k;ky; ds U;k;kèkh”k o eq[; U;k;kèkh”k ts-,l- oekZ] fcuk fgpfdpk, ns”k dks crk nsrs fd os lh-ch-vkbZ- ls ns”knzkgs ds bl dkaM dh tk¡p djokus esa ukdke jgsA rc turk Lo;a QSlyk djrh fd mls D;k djuk gSA oSl]s turk dks vkt Hkh dksbZ xyrQgeh fQj nck fn;k ^gokyk dsl* %

271

272

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

ugha gSA lM+d pyrk vke vkneh Hkh tkurk gS fd cM+h ls cM+h vnkyr Hkh ns”k ds rkdroj yksxksa dk dqN ugha fcxkM+ ldrhA dkuwu dsoy vke vkneh ij ykxw gksrk gSA bl leL;k dk ,d vFkZi.w kZ lekèkku gks ldrk Fkk vkSj og Fkk vesfjdk ds lqizhe dksVZ ls izjs .kk ysukA vesfjdk ds cgqpfpZr ^okVjxsV dkaM* esa Hkh ;gh leL;k FkhA ogk¡ ds loksZPp U;k;ky; ;kuh QsMjy dksVZ ds lkeus eqf”dy ;g vk jgh Fkh fd vesfjdk dh loksPZ p tk¡p ,tsl a h ,Q-ch-vkbZ- vius jktuhfrd gkfde jk’Vªifr fuDlu ds fo#) tk¡p djus esa l{ke ugha FkhA etcwju U;k;ky; dks ,d fo”ks’k tk¡p Vhe cukuh iM+h] ftlus fuDlu dks ?ksjk vkSj vesfjdk tSlh egk”kfDr ds jk’Vªifr dks tkuk iM+kA dqN ,slh gh O;oLFkk bl ekeys esa lqizhe dksVZ dks Hkh djuh pkfg, Fkh] rkfd le;c) dk;ZØe ds rgr tk¡p vkSj eqdneksa dk dke iwjk gksrkA ij nqHkkZX; ls “kiFk i=ksa vius c;kuksa o i=ksa dh ekQZr esjs ckj&ckj lqizhe dksVZ dk è;ku vkdf’kZr djus ij Hkh ,slk ugha fd;k x;kA bl rjg ns”k ls vkradokn vkSj Hkz’Vkpkj nwj djus dk ,d Lof.kZea volj xaok fn;k x;kA ets dh ckr ;g gS fd ml oDr lkft’k esa tqVs yksx gh vk;s fnu bu eqn~nksa ij uSfrd izopu djrs jgrs gSAa ;g ckr nwljh gS fd Hkz’Vkpkj nwj djus ds izfr tks ljdkj okdbZ bZekunkjh ls lefiZr gks] og ;s dke vkt Hkh dj ldrh gSA D;ksfa d gokyk dkaM dh tk¡p vHkh can ugha gqbZ gSA ij ljdkj D;ksa djus yxh\ ;g ns”k dk nqHkkZX; gh gS fd ,d ds ckn ,d izèkkuea=h Hkz’Vkpkj ls jkgr fnykus dk ok;nk dj dqlhZ idM+rs gSa vkSj dqN gh fnuksa esa vius vlgk; gksus dk jksuk jksdj vius Hkz’V lkfFk;ksa dks gj rjg dk laj{k.k nsus esa tqV tkrs gSAa lc tkurs gSa fd lÙkk ds “kh’kZ ls ysdj iz”kklu ds fupys Lrj rd Hkkjh Hkz’Vkpkj O;kIr gSA dksbZ Hkz’Vkpkj esa lhèks “kkfey gS vkSj dksbZ Hkz’Vkpkfj;ksa dks laj{k.k nsus esa yxk gS] ftlds dkj.k jkstejkZ dh phtksa dh fdYyr o egaxkbZ c<+rh tk jgh gSA ;qokvksa fQj nck fn;k ^gokyk dsl* %

273

esa QSyh csjkstxkjh] vjcksa #i, ds ?kksVkyksa vkSj iz”kklfud Hkz’Vkpkj ds dkj.k gh gks jgh gSA lkèku laiUu gksus ds ckotwn Hkkjr dh cgql[a ;d vkcknh cngkyh esa blfy, jg jgh gS fd Hkz”Vkpkfj;ksa us ns’k ds izkÑfrd lalkèkuksa dh ywV epk j[kh gSA Hkz”Vkpkj ds dkj.k gh fdlkuksa dk ‘kks”k.k gks jgk gS vkSj mUgsa mudh Qly ds okftc nke ugha fey jgs gSAa vnkyrksa ls ohHkRl cykRdkfj;ksa dk NwV tkuk fl) djrk gS fd iqfyl esa O;kIr Hkz”Vkpkj ds dkj.k gh ns’k esa efgykvksa ij vR;kpkj c<+rs tk jgs gSAa Hkz”Vkpkj ds dkj.k gh ns’k dk vkfFkZd fodkl cqjh rjg izHkkfor gks jgk gSA iz’kklfud vO;oLFkk o vkèkkjHkwr <kaps dh deh ls ;qok m|fe;ksa dks vkxs c<+us esa fnDdr vk jgh gSA Hkz”Vkpkj jksdus ds fy, cuh ns’k dh lHkh ,tsfa l;k¡ bl dke esa ukdke fl) gks pqdh gSAa cM+s Hkz”Vkpkjh ;g dgdj NwV tkrs gSa fd Hkz”Vkpkj rks vke thou esa Hkh O;kIr gS] tcfd gdhdr ;g gS fd NksV& s NksVs dke djokus ds fy, vke vkneh dks u pkgrs gq, Hkh etcwju Hkz”Vkpkj dk lgkjk ysuk iM+ jgk gSA blfy, gokyk dsl dk vkt Hkh Hkkjh egÙo gSA ;gh og dsl gS ftlesa igyh ckj brus cM+s jktusrk vkSj ea=h idM+s x, FksA vxj bl dkaM dh bZekunkjh ls tk¡p gksrh vkSj nksf”k;ksa dks ltk feyrh] rks Hkkjr dh rLohj cny ldrh FkhA blfy, tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM esa cM+s jktusrkvksa vkSj vQljksa ds f[kykQ brus lkjs rF; lkeus vkus ds ckotwn bu yksxksa dk dkuwu ds Qans ls cp tkuk cgqr fparktud gSA rc eSua s dgk Fkk] ^^bl rjg rks ns’k dh turk dk fo’okl U;k;ikfydk ij ls iwjh rjg ls lekIr gks tk,xkA èkhjs&èkhjs lÙkk ij xq.Ms vkSj ekfQ;k iwjh rjg dkfct gks tk,ax s ]s D;ksfa d bl fu.kZ; us ;g fl) dj fn;k gS fd cM+s in ij cSBdj dksbZ fdruk Hkh cM+k vijkèk D;ksa u djs] dksbZ mldk dqN fcxkM+ ugha ldrk& ;gk¡ rd fd loksZPp U;k;ky; Hkh ughaA vc rks ,sls yksx vkSj fujadq’k gksdj viuk [ksy [ksyx as s vkSj lwpuk ra= dk nq#i;ksx dj turk dks 274

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

xqejkg djsx a As ** 1998 ls ;gh gqvk gSA ?kksVkys vkSj vkradokn lqjlk dh rjg c<+rk x;k gSA bl lanHkZ esa ,d ckr cgqr egÙoiw.kZ gSA 14 tqykbZ 1997 dks Hkkjr ds eq[; U;k;kèkh”k ts-,l- oekZ us Hkjh vnkyr esa Lohdkj fd;k fd mu ij vkSj muds lg;ksxh ttksa ij gokyk ekeys dks ysdj yacs le; ls Hkkjh ncko iM+ jgk FkkA mUgksua s dgk fd ^,d O;fDr U;k;ewfrZ ,l-lh- lsu ls fey Hkh pqdk gS] ftl dkj.k Jh lsu dkQh uoZl gSAa * loksZPp U;k;ky; ds bfrgkl esa igyh ckj gq, ,sls jgL;ksn?~ kkVu ds ckn iwjs ns”k esa “kksj ep x;kA laln] ckj dkmafly o ehfM;k dh tksjnkj ek¡x ds ckotwn U;kf;d izfØ;k esa voSèk n[kyvankth djus okys bl O;fDr dk uke Jh oekZ us ugha crk;kA u mls vnkyr dh voekuuk ds vHkwriwoZ dkaM esa ltk gh nhA eq[; U;k;kèkh”k Jh oekZ us ,slk D;ksa fd;k\ bldk tokc fdlh ds ikl ugha gSA bl fo’k; esa foLr`r tkudkjh vxys vè;k; esa gSA mi;qZDr ?kVuk ds ukS eghus ckn gh] 18 fnlEcj 1997 dks gokyk dsl esa fn, x, QSlys esa vkradokn dh tk¡p esa gqbZ dksrkgh dh iwjh rjg mis{kk dj nh xbZA tc loksZPp U;k;ky; igys ?kks’k.kk dj pqdk Fkk fd og gokyk dsl dks mldh rkfdZd ifj.kke rd ys tk, fcuk pqi ugha cSBx s k] rks ml ?kks’k.kk ij vey D;ksa ugha gqvk\ tc tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM ds vkjksih fcuk fdlh tk¡p ds NwV pqds gS]a rks Jh oekZ ds “kCnksa esa gh D;k ns”k esa ^vnkyrsa pykus ds vkSfpR;* ij iz”u fpUg ugha yx x;k gS\

fQj nck fn;k ^gokyk dsl* %

275

276

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

23 fQj vkxs D;k gqvk\ bl rjg loksZPp U;k;ky; ds eq[; U;k;k/kh”k ts-,l-oekZ us ewy ;kfpdk dh izkFkZukvksa dks cM+h gksf”k;kjh ls njfdukj djrs gq, vius nks lg;ksxh U;k;k/kh”kksa ds lkFk 18 fnlEcj 1997 dks tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM esa viuk fu.kZ; lquk fn;k vkSj dsna zh; lrdZrk vk;ksx dh fuxjkuh esa lh-ch-vkbZ- dks dke djus dh O;oLFkk cukus ds funsZ”k ljdkj dks tkjh dj fn,A ns”kHkj ds ehfM;k us bls ^,sfrgkfld fu.kZ;* crk;kA tcfd gj le>nkj vkneh dks irk Fkk fd ;g fu.kZ; dHkh izHkkoh ugha gks ik;sxkA tks Hkh gks] “kq: esa rks bldk dkQh “kksj jgkA ij ckn ds o’kksaZ esa /khjs&/khjs ;g lkQ gks x;k fd dsUnz esa cSBus okyh fdlh Hkh ljdkj dh bPNk u rks lh-oh-lh- dks Lok;Ÿkrk nsus dh gS vkSj u gh lh-ch-vkbZ- dks mPPk inklhu vijkf/k;ksa ds f[kykQ tk¡p djus dh NwV nsus dhA loksZPp U;k;ky; ds bl vkns”k dks dkuwu cukus ds fy, vusd nyksa ds lkalnksa dh tks lfefr cuh] mlds v/;{k “kjn iokj FksA bl lfefr us bl rFkkdfFkr ^,sfrgkfld vkns”k* dh /kfTt;k¡ mM+k nhaA u rks lh-oh-lh- dks okafNr Lok;Ÿkrk nh x;h vkSj u gh lh-ch-vkbZ- dks vktknhA jkspd ckr ;g gS fd laln esa jkst u;s ?kksVkyksa ij tedj “kksj eprk gSA 2th LiSDVªe ?kksVkys ij rks laln dk “khrdkyhu l= gh ugha py ldkA tsihlh dh ek¡x gksrh gSA lh-ch-vkbZ- dks ekeys lkSia us dh ckr gksrh gSA loksZPp U;k;ky; dh fuxjkuh esa lh-ch-vkbZls tk¡p djkus dh vthZ nh tkrh gSA ij vkradokn] gokyk dkjksckj vkSj Hkz’Vkpkj ds bl dkaM dh tc rd bZekunkjh ls tk¡p ugha gksrh] rc rd vkSj fdlh Hkh u, dkaM dh ckr djuk csekuh gS] ukVd gSA fiNys dkaM nck fn, tk,as vkSj u,&u, mNkys tk,s!a rks blls cM+k fQj vkxs D;k gqvk\ %

277

278

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

dksbZ èkks[kk yksxksa ds lkFk ugha gksxkA ;g egRoiw.kZ rF; gS fd lHkh jktuhfrd ny vius&vius fojksfèk;ksa ds fo#) rks tk¡p dh ek¡x dk “kksj epkrs jgs gSa vkSj Hkfo’; esa Hkh epkrs jgsaxsA ij tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM dh tk¡p dh ek¡x djus dh fgEer ;s dHkh ugha tqVk ik;sA D;ksfa d ;gh vdsyk dkaM gS ftlesa yxHkx lcdh xnZu Qalh FkhA loksPZ p U;k;ky; esa tufgr ;kfpdk,sa ysdj vDlj [kM+s gksus okys usrk MkW- lqczE.k;e Lokeh us eq>ls ,d ckj dgk Fkk fd bl dkaM esa rqeus og lc djds ns[k fy;k tks yksdra= esa ,d O;fDr dj ldrk FkkA ij rqEgkjh lcls cM+h eqf”dy ;g Fkh fd bl dkaM esa iwjh dh iwjh O;oLFkk rqEgkjs fo#) [kM+h FkhA tqykbZ 1993 esa iwjh dh iwjh Hkz’V jktuhfrd O;oLFkk ds f[kykQ tc eSua s *gokyk* ;q) “kq: fd;k] rks yksx bldh ckr lqudj Hkh lge tkrs Fks( Mjkrs Fks( dgrs Fks fd rqe ew[kZ gks] ,d&nks ds ihNs iM+rs rks ckdh ds ny o yksx rqEgkjk lkFk nsrAs rqeus rks fdlh dks NksMk+ gh ughaA dqN ugha gksxk] rqEgkjh dkypØ ohfM;ks dSlVs ^cSu* dj nh tk,xhA rqEgsa iSls ;k in nsdj [kjhn fy;k tk,xkA rqEgsa >wBs vkjksi yxkdj can dj fn;k tk,xkA rqEgsa ejok fn;k tk,xkA U;k;ikfydk dqN ugha djsxhA rqEgkjh ;kfpdk [kkfjt dj nh tk,xhA ew[kZrk NksMk+ s tks fey jgk gS] ysdj ekSt djksA ,slh lykg nsus okyksa esa ns”k ds dbZ ukeh yksx “kkfey FksA ij Hkxoku JhÑ’.k dh Ñik vkSj dqN lkfFk;ksa ds lg;ksx ls MVs jgs] rks bl dsl us fgUnqLrku dh jktuhfr dks bl cqjh rjg >d>ksj fn;k fd og vkt rd blds lnesa ls mcj ugha ik;hA igys ,d ny dh ljdkj gksrh FkhA ij gokyk dkaM ds mtkxj gksus ds ckn jktuSfrd nyksa dh lk[k ,slh fxjh fd ntZuksa nyksa dks feydj ljdkjsa cukuh iM+hAa cM+s jktusrkvksa ds ?kksVkys mtkxj gksus dh ck<+ vk x;hA ftuesa ykyw ;kno] dYiukFk jk; vkSj t;yfyrk tSls cM+& s cM+s usrkvksa dks tsy tkuk iM+kA fQj vkxs D;k gqvk\ %

279

tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM igyk ,slk ^dkaM* gS] ftlesa cM+& s cM+s usrk idM+s x,A og Hkh ntZuksa esAa blh ls bruh ?kcjkgV gqbZ fd dgha ls dksbZ vkokt ugha mBhA vki [kqn lksp yhft,] gj nwljs eqís ij c;ku tkjh djus okys ns”k ds reke cM+s odhy] reke cM+s cqf)thoh] reke cM+s i=dkj vkSj reke lektlsoh tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM ij [kkeks”k D;ksa cSBs gS\a ;s yksx vPNh rjg tkurs gSa fd tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn& gokyk dkaM ds vkradokn ls tqMs+ ekeys esa lh-ch-vkbZ- vkSj nwljh tk¡p ,tsfa l;k¡ dksbZ tk¡p ugha dh vkSj vkjksfi;ksa dks fudy Hkkxus dk ekSdk fn;kA ;s yksx vPNh rjg tkurs gSa fd lke] nke] naM] Hksn dk bLrseky djds gj ny ds cM+s usrk us vkradokn vkSj Hkz’Vkpkj ds bl dsl dks [kRe djkus ds fy, D;k&D;k lkft”ksa ugha jpha! fQj D;ksa ugha nwljs ?kksVkyksa dh rjg ;s yksx rwQku epkrs fd bl dkaM dh bZekunkjh ls tk¡p dh tk,A vk”p;Z gS fd laln esa Hkh bl dsl dh tk¡p jksdus dh ek¡x djus okys c;ku rks [kwc fn, x,] ij tk¡p djokus dh ek¡x dHkh fdlh us ugha dhA Hkz’Vkpkj dks Hkkjr dh xjhch vkSj cngkyh dk ewy dkj.k crkus okys izk-s ve`R; lSu dks rks Hkkjr ljdkj Hkkjr jRu dh mikf/k nsrh gS vkSj bl rF; dks muls dgha igys ns”k dh loksZPp vnkyr esa e; izek.k ds izLrqr djus okyh tufgr ;kfpdk dks nckus esa dksbZ dlj ugha NksMr+ hA ns”k yqV jgk gSA fujk”kk esa ;qok uDlyokn vkSj fgalk dh vksj c<+ jgs gSAa ns”k dh fujhg turk jkst vkradokfn;ksa ds geyksa dk fu”kkuk cu jgh gSA fQj Hkh ;s lc gqDejku vkSj muds njckjh [kkeks”k D;ksa gS\a D;k budk ns”k ds izfr dksbZ QtZ ugha gS\ D;k CySd dSV dekaMks }kjk viuh lqj{kk lqfuf”pr djus ds ckn turk ds izfr budh ftEesnkjh [kRe gks tkrh gS\ D;k budh nqfu;k ik¡p flrkjk gksVyks]a gokbZ ;k=kvksa vkSj lsfeukjksa rd gh lhfer gS\a ;k] ns”k dh gdhdr ls budks Hkh dqN eryc gS\ D;k otg gS fd tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj& vkradokn&gokyk dkaM esa lgh tk¡p dh ek¡x djus okyk ,d Hkh 280

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

egÙoiw.kZ izn”kZu] Hkw[k gM+rky] èkjuk vkfn fnYyh esa vkt rd ugha gqvkA tjk lksfp,] fdruk [kkSQukd elyk gS ns”knzkgs ds bl dkaM ij bu izfrf’Br yksxksa dk ;ksa pqi jg tkuk! bu gkykr esa bl la?k’kZ dks yxkrkj ik¡p o’kZ rd pkyw j[kuk esjs fy, fdruk dfBu jgk gksxk\ vki “kk;n vuqeku Hkh ugha yxk ldrsA tuojh 1996 ls eSa yxkrkj dgrk vk jgk gw¡ fd fdlh O;fDr ds cl esa ugha fd og fcuk fdlh cM+h enn ds] brus lkjs yksxksa ls bruh [krjukd yM+kbZ yM+ ldsA tc rd Hkxoku dh Ñik vkSj bPNk u gks] ge dqN dj ugha ldrsA izHkq dh ;g n;k gS fd mlus eq> tSls rqPN tho dks bl la?k’kZ dk fufeÙk cuk;kA brus [krjukd ;q) ds ckn Hkh eSa ftank dSls gw¡] ;g iz”u vDlj ns”k vkSj fons”kksa esa gksus okyh] tulHkkvksa esa yksx iwNrs gSAa esjk mÙkj gksrk gS % jk[ks Ñ’.kk] ekjs dkSA ekjs Ñ’.kk] jk[ks dkSAA bruk t:j dguk pkgw¡xk fd ;fn ,d ?kM+s esa ikuh Hkjk gks vkSj ge lc ,d&,d fxykl ikuh ihdj vkxs c<+rs tk,a]s ?kM+s dks Hkjus dk dke dksbZ u djs] rks D;k ?kM+k ges”kk Hkjk jg ldrk gS\ Bhd ;gh gkyr jk’Vª dh Hkh gSA vxj ge lc ;gh lksprs jgsa fd gkykr brus [kjkc gaS fd esjs dqN djus ls dksbZ QdZ ugha iM+x s k] FkksMh+ ;k T;knk ek=k esa >wB dks gh viuk,a] bZekunkjh] drZO;ijk;.krk] lp vkSj ijksidkj dh Hkkouk dks nck,a] rks D;k lekt esa vPNkbZ vk ldrh gS\ etcwjh esa gh lgh] tc ge cqjkbZ dk lkFk nsx a ]s rks fQj geesa ls tks lcls T;knk cM+k cnek”k gksxk] Qjsch gksxk] èkks[ksckt gksxk] csbZeku gksxk vkSj >wBk gksxk] ogh bl nkSM+ esa vkxs jgsxk] ogh ea=h cusxk] ogh O;kikj esa fnu nwuh&jkr pkSxuq h rjDdh djsxk] fcuk ;ksX;rk ds ukSdfj;ksa esa rsth ls rjDdh ik,xk] ogh i=dkfjrk esa Å¡ps inksa ij cSBx s k vkSj Js’B i=dkfjrk ds iqjLdkj ysxk] ogh fQj vkxs D;k gqvk\ %

281

^fo}kuks*a ds chp lEeku ik,xk] ogh fxjfxV dh rjg jax cnydj gj jktuhfrd ekSle esa eykbZ [kk,xk] ogh dslfj;k ckuk igudj [kqn dks Hkxoku crk,xk vkSj yk[kks]a djksMk+ as yksxksa }kjk iwtk tk,xk] tcfd l{ke yksx ihNs èkfd;k fn, tk,sx a ]s tSlk vkt Hkkjr esa vf/kdrj gks jgk gSA gj vksj ,d gksM+ eph gS] dqN u dqN ik ysus dhA lke] nke] naM o Hksn viukdj ge lc dqN gfFk;k ysuk pkgrs gS(a iSlk] rkdr o “kksgjrA rks fQj ns”k cukus] D;k ikfdLrku vkSj phu ls yksx vk,sx a \s tc ns”k gh ugha cusxk rks dgk¡ ls fctyh vk,xh] dgk¡ dkj[kkus [kM+s gksx a ]s dgk¡ eky fcdsxk] dgk¡ ukSdfj;k¡ feysx a h\ vxj [kqnk u [kkLrk ;g lc gks Hkh x;k] rks bl ckr dh D;k xkjaVh gS fd tehu dCtk djus okys vkSj vigj.k djus okys] usrkvksa ds xqM a ]s gesa pSu ls thus nsx a \s fQj rks lekt esa vjktdrk vkSj fgalk gh c<+x s hA “kkafr vkSj O;olk; ughaAa lekt esa xjhc etnwj vkSj fdlku blh rjg yqVrk jgsxkA gqDejku mlds gh oksVksa ls gkfly dqlhZ ij cSBdj ywV vkSj vkradokn dk rkaMo ns[krs jgsx a As ,sls esa vkt ls Hkh dgha T;knk rdyhQ vkSj vkrad ds lk, esa gekjs cPpksa dks thuk iM+x s kA “kgj esa jgrs gq, Hkh geus rks vius cpiu esa lkQ gok esa lk¡l yh FkhA uyksa esa ls eqga yxkdj “kq) ikuh fi;k FkkA Qyksa ls yns isMk+ sa ij <sys ekjdj Qy [kk, FksA tjk lksfp,] geesa ls fdruksa ds cPpksa dks vkt ;s cqfu;knh lq[k Hkh fey ik jgs gS\a “kgjksa dh xanxh] cngkyh] n¶rjksa ds Hkz’Vkpkj dk o.kZu djuk O;FkZ gSA vki lc tkurs gSAa ge lcdks ;g lkspuk iM+x s k fd 24 ?k.Vs esa fdrus ?k.Vs ge jk’Vª fuekZ.k ds dk;ks± esa yxkrs gS\a viuh vkenuh dk fdruk fgLlk ge jk’Vª fuekZ.k ds dkeksa esa nku nsrs gS\a vius ifjokj vkSj cPpksa dks dSlh f”k{kk nsrs gS& a ns”kizes h cuus dh ;k csbZeku cuus dh\ ;k] jk’Vª dh mis{kk dj dsoy ^eSa gh eS*a djus dh\ 282

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

vkids lkeus ;g Hkh lkQ gks tkuk pkfg, fd ns”k esa vk, fnu vkradoknh dk;Zokfg;k¡ blfy, gksrh gSa fd ljdkj esa cSBs reke cM+s yksx vkradokn dks jksduk ugha pkgrs] cfYd blds uke ij viuh jktuhfrd jksfV;k¡ lsd a rs gSAa tc fujhg yksx vkradoknh fgalk dk f”kdkj gksdj phRdkj djrs gS]a rks fofHkUu nyksa ds usrk vkSj ns”k ds x`gea=h ogk¡ >wBh gennhZ fn[kkus igq¡p tkrs gSAa ;fn okdbZ ;s yksx vkradokn ls fpafrr gS]a rks mUgsa tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn& gokyk dkaM dh bZekunkj tk¡p djokus esa bruk ladksp D;ksa gS\ fcuk lkèkuksa vkSj fcuk cM+h enn ds ftl rjg geus gokyk la?k’kZ pyk j[kk Fkk] mls ns[kdj dksbZ lksp Hkh ugha ldrk Fkk fd gesa fufeÙk cukdj Hkxoku ns”k dh Hkz’V jktuhfr dks bl rjg fgyk nsx a As vc Hkh vxj vki ;gh lksprs jgs fd dqN ugha gksxk] fdlh dks ltk ugha feysxh] rks nks’k fdldk gS\ fQj xq.Ms vkSj ekfQ;k gqdew r ij gkoh gksdj vxj vkidk bTtr ls thuk vkSj dke djuk gjke dj ns]a rks vki fdlls f”kdk;r djsx a \s eqgYys esa vkx yxs] rks vius ?kj dk njoktk can djus ls cpk ugha tk ldrkA vkt iwjs eqYd esa vkradokn vkSj Hkkjh Hkz’Vkpkj dh vkx yxh gSA vki pqi D;ksa gS\a ftruk] tSl]s tgk¡ vkSj tks Hkh dj lds]as jk’Vª dh j{kk ds fy, vo”; djsAa ftl rjg ,d cM+s iRFkj dks ljdkus ds fy, yksgs dh ,d etcwr lyk[k dks lCcy cukdj] mlds isna s esa ?kqlkdj] <jdk;k tkrk gS vkSj iRFkj yq<d + uk “kq: gks tkrk gS] mlh rjg Hkkjrh; O;oLFkk esa iuih cqjkb;ksa ds igkM+ dks tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM us ,d vHkwriwoZ o tksjnkj èkDdk fn;k gSA vxj vki Hkh bl lyk[k dks lgkjk ns]a rks bl iRFkj dks mBkdj nwj Qsd a k tk ldrk gSA izk;% gj ?kksVkys ds fo#) “kksj epkus dk ukVd djus okys jktusrk] e”kgwj i=dkj] cM+s odhy vkSj pkj.k&HkkV fdLe ds cqf)thoh gokyk ?kksVkys esa bZekunkjh ls tk¡p djokus dh ek¡x dHkh fQj vkxs D;k gqvk\ %

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ugha djsx a As ;g rks bl ns”k ds vke vkneh] lkekftd :i ls lfØ; lkfFk;ks]a gekjs tSls NksVs i=dkjks]a O;oLFkk esa cSBs bZekunkj vQljks]a jktuhfrd nyksa esa ?kqV jgs yksxks]a e>ys O;kikfj;ks]a fdlkuks]a etnwjksa ds gd ds fy, bZekunkjh ls lefIkZr etnwj laxBuks]a Ldwy vkSj dkWyt s ksa ds izkè;kidks]a fparu”khy odhy] x`gf.k;ksa o reke nwljs jk’VªHkDrksa dks r; djuk gS fd ge LFkkuh; leL;kvksa ls tw>dj viuh ÅtkZ dks foHkkftr ;k O;FkZ [kpZ dj nsa ;k fQj ,d ,slh yM+kbZ esa lg;ksx djsa tks gekjh nSfud leL;kvksa dks tM+ ls feVkus dh “kq#vkr dj ldrh gSA tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM us igyh ckj brus lkjs rkdroj yksxksa ds f[kykQ bruh cM+h dke;kch gkfly dh FkhA bls vèkwjk NksMu+ k vkRe?kkrh gksxkA dkSu tkusa fQj fdrus n”kdksa ckn ,slk ekSdk gkFk vk,A dqN yksx “kadk djrs gSa fd eku yhft, fd tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM dh tk¡p gks Hkh tk,] rks D;k xkjaVh gS fd vkxs pydj ,slk ugha gksxk\ dksbZ xkjaVh ughaA ij ;kn jf[k,] ,d isM+ ij lkS fpfM+;k¡ cSBh gksa vkSj vki ,d fpfM+;k ij cand w pyk ns]a rks fdruh cpsx a h\ ekj ls T;knk] ekj ds Mj ls yksx Bhd gks tk;k djrs gSAa bl ns”k esa vkradokn vkSj Hkz’Vkpkj ds bl dkaM esa “kkfey cM+s usrkvksa vkSj vQljksa dks ,d ckj ltk fey tk,] rks fQj ckdh Hkh lkoèkku gks tk,axAs blfy, blds ihNs iM+uk t:jh gSA eSa dbZ o’kks± ls vius lekt lqèkkjd lkfFk;ksa ls dgrk vk jgk gw¡ fd cky Jfed] lk{kjrk] i;kZoj.k] LokLF;] f”k{kk] egaxkbZ] csjkstxkjh vkfn bu lc leL;kvksa dh tM+ esa gS iz”kklfud vkSj jktuhfrd Hkz’Vkpkj] ftlds fo#) gesa yM+uk gSA ;fn ge ,d o`{k ls ehBk vkSj jlnkj Qy pkgrs gS]a rks ty dgk¡ Mkyrs gS(a o`{k dh iÙkh ij] “kk[kk ij] Qwy ij] rus ij ;k mldh tM+ esa \ blh rjg vkt ns”k dh lc rdyhQksa dh tM+ gS] mPpLrjh; Hkz’VkpkjA ftlls yM+s fcuk dksbZ leL;k gy ugha gks ldrhA tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj& 284

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

vkradokn&gokyk dkaM iz”kklfud vkSj jktuhfrd Hkz’Vkpkj dk lcls cM+k dkaM gSA blfy, ugha fd ;g 65 djksM+ #i, dk ekeyk gS cfYd blfy, fd blesa gj jax vkSj gj :i ds cM+s ls cM+s usrk “kkfey gS]a blfy, bldh rkfdZd ifj.kfr gksuk vfuok;Z gSA ;g D;k de ckr gS fd vHkh rd ds bl ;q) ds ifj.kke Lo:i dqy feykdj jktusrkvksa ds Hkz’V vkpj.k dks izJ; nsus okyh O;oLFkk ds foèoal dh “kq#vkr vo”; gqbZ gSA tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj& vkradokn&gokyk dkaM ds ckn Hkkjrh; jktuhfr esa mBs brus cM+s rwQku ds ckotwn vxj yksx ;gh dgrs jgs fd dqN ugha gksxk] dqN ugha cnysxk vkSj djsa dqN Hkh ugha] rks ns’k dh cngkyh ds fy, fQj os gh ftEesnkj gksx a As ,sls “kadkyq] dk;j vkSj fujk”kkoknh yksxksa dks mudh larkuas dkslx sa h fd dgk¡ lks jgs Fks rqe] tc u, Hkkjr ds fuekZ.k ;K esa vkgqfr nsus dk le; Fkk\ tc bVyh] tkiku vkSj dksfj;k esa mPp Lrjh; Hkz’Vkpkj ds fo#) gky gh esa ,sls dbZ ;q) thrs x, gSa vkSj gkykr cnys gS]a rks Hkkjr D;ksa ihNs jgsxk\ tc vesfjdk tSls lqij ikWoj ds jk’Vªifr;ks(a fuDlu vkSj fDyaVu rd dks ehfM;k] dkuwu vkSj laln] viuk tqeZ dcwy djus ij etcwj dj ldrs gS]a rks Hkkjr dk ehfM;k ;s D;ksa ugha dj ldrk\ t:j dj ldrk gS] tc blh miegk}hi esa fLFkr] gekjs gh lekt ds fgLls ls cus] ckaXykns”k dh turk lM+dksa ij mrjdj voSèk rjhds ls pquko thrs gq, jk’Vªifr dks tsy fHktok ldrh gS] rks Hkkjr ds yksx ihNs D;ksa jgs\a tcfd ge rks nqfu;k dk lcls cM+k yksdra= gksus dk xoZ djrs gSAa oSls Hkh tc Hkkjr ds jk’Vªifr] izèkkuea=h] eq[; U;k;kèkh”k] eq[; lrdZrk vk;qDr o lh-ch-vkbZ- ds funs”kd] lHkh vk, fnu vkils Hkz’Vkpkj ds fo#) yM+us dk vkOgku dj jgs gS]a rks fQj ladksp fdl ckr dk\ bu lcls dgk tk, fd ge rS;kj gS]a vki ,d&,d dj cM+s dkaMksa dks le;c) rjhds ls fuiVokrs tk,s]a ge vkids lkFk gSAa lcls igys tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM fQj vkxs D;k gqvk\ %

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dh gh bZekunkjh ls tk¡p djok yhft,& nwèk dk nwèk] ikuh dk ikuh lkeus vk tk,xk] vxj vki ;g ugha dj ldrs] rks Ñi;k Hkk’k.kckth can dj nsAa lkFk gh Hkz’Vkpkj vkSj vkradokn ds ekeyksa esa vkt rd idM+s x, lHkh vke ukxfjdksa dks fjgk dj nsAa mu ij ls lkjs eqdnes [kRe dj ns]a D;ksfa d ,d gh vijkèk dks ukius ds nks ekinaM ugha gks ldrs& vke vkneh vkSj NksVs ljdkjh deZpkfj;ksa ds fy, tsy vkSj cM+s usrkvksa vkSj cM+s vQljksa ds fy, dqlhZA blds lkFk gh] ;g Hkh t:jh gS fd i= fy[kdj izèkkuea=h th ls dgk tk, fd tc rd vki tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM tSls ns”knzkgs ds dkaM dks nckus ds fy, ftEesnkj lh-ch-vkbZ- o vU; tk¡p ,tsfa l;ksa ds vQljksa dks bl vijkèk ds fy, ltk ugha ns nsr]s rc rd vkidh ljdkj lh-ch-vkbZ- ;k vk;dj vkfn ds Nkis Myokuk vkSj u,&u, dkaM idM+us ds ukVd djokuk o yksxksa dks Mjkuk NksM+ nsA ,d rjhdk vkSj gSA gokyk dkM esa vkjksfir lHkh usrk vkSj vQlj vius bl vijkèk ds fy, ns”kokfl;ksa ls ekQh ek¡xAsa lkQ dgsa fd mUgksua s ;g iSlk fy;kA tc tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM esa vkjksfir ntZuHkj usrk igys gh ;g Lohdkj dj pqds gSa fd mUgksua s tSu Mk;fj;ksa esa ntZ ;g iSlk fy;k] rks ckdh jktusrkvksa vkSj vQljksa dks ladksp fdl ckr dk\ mUgsa ns”kokfl;ksa dks crkuk pkfg, fd tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn& gokyk dkaM muds fo#) ‘kM;a= ugha Fkk] cfYd mUgksua s ‘kM;a= dj vkt rd bldh tk¡p dks #dok;k gSA vc os jk’Vª ds uofuekZ.k ds fy, fopkjèkkjkvksa ds ukVd NksMd + j iwjh fu’Bk ls yxuk pkgrs gSAa blds fy, os gj rjg dh dqckZuh nsus dks rS;kj gSAa vxj os ,slk djrs gS]a rks ns”koklh pkgsa rks mUgsa ekQ dj ldrs gSAa

286

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

eaFku tks dqN lÙkk ds loksZPp Lrj ij fiNys nks n”kdksa esa gksrk jgk gS mls bruk utnhd ls ns[kus vkSj vuqHko djus ds ckotwn jk’Vª dh nqnZ”kk ns[kh ugha tkrhA tc nqfu;k ds mu ns”kksa dh rjQ fuxkg tkrh gS ftuds ikl gels dgha de lalkèku gS]a fQj Hkh os ge ls dbZ xquk T;knk [kq”kgky gS]a rks vkSj Hkh vkØks”k iSnk gksrk gSA dbZ rjg ds fopkj eu esa vkrs gSAa dHkh&dHkh yxrk gS fd lhèks jkLrs dqN ugha gks ldrkA ,d gh rjhdk gS fd cand w mBk yks vkSj uDlyokfn;ksa ds lkFk gks tkvksA tks yksx Hkh turk dk gd Nhu jgs gS]a mUgsa xksfy;ksa ls Hkwu nksA ij fQj fopkj eu esa vkrk gS fd ;g dksbZ lekèkku ughaA fgalk ls izfrfgalk tUe ysxh] tks rkuk”kkgh dks gh c<+k,xhA bl ckr dh dksbZ xkjaVh ugha fd fgald Økafr ls tks O;oLFkk tUe ysxh] mlesa yksxksa dk “kks’k.k ugha gksxkA bfrgkl bldk lk{kh gSA vkt gh tc uDlyokfn;ksa esa ntZuksa lewg cu x, gS]a rks Hkfo’; esa bl fopkjèkkjk dk D;k Lo:i fudy dj vk,xk] dqN dgk ugha tk ldrkA ,d fopkj ;g Hkh eu esa vkrk gS fd ekuo dh izd`fr esa gh lrksxq.k] jtksx.k vkSj reksxq.k gksrs gSAa ,slk gj dky es]a gj ekuo ds lkFk gksrk gSA tkfgj gS fd eq>esa Hkh reksxq.k gSa ;kuh reke fdLe dh cqjkb;k¡ o detksfj;k¡ ekStnw gSAa nwljh rjQ] Hkz’Vkpkj ds fofHkUu dkaMksa esa fyIr vusd jktusrkvksa esa Hkh “kk;n eq>ls T;knk lrksxq.k ekStnw gks ldrs gSAa blfy, D;ksa u tks gks x;k mls ge Hkwy tk,as vkSj ,d&nwljs dh vPNkb;ksa dks gh ns[ksAa lc feydj ,d vkn”kZ lekt vkSj egku Hkkjr jk’Vª ds fuekZ.k esa yxsAa rc fopkj vkrk gS fd Hkkjrh; jk’Vªh; dkaxzl s ] jk’Vªh; Lo;alos d la?k vkSj dE;qfuLV vkanksyu dh uhao Hkh rks vusd ln~fopkjksa o vkn”kks± eaFku %

287

dks y{; cukdj j[kh xbZa FkhA fQj D;k otg gS fd ;s egku vkanksyu HkVd x,& brus cs&jh<+ gks x, fd ;g tkurs gq, fd buls tqMs+ jktusrk ns”knzkgs ds ,sls dkaMksa esa Qals gS]a bu laxBuksa us Hkh jk’Vªfgr esa vkradokfn;ksa dks fey jgh voSèk foÙkh; enn ds f[kykQ tk¡p djokus dh ek¡x rd ugha dhA xk¡èkh] gsMxsokj o ekDlZ dh uSfrdrk dh nqgkbZ nsus s okys o gtkjksa yksxksa ds R;kx dh uhao ij [kM+s ;s laxBu brus ykpkj D;ksa gS\a D;k xkjaVh gS fd ge lc feydj tks u;k laxBu [kM+k djsx a ]s og jk’VªHkfDr vkSj uSfrdrk dh dlkSVh ij [kjk mrjsxk\ lekt mRFkku ds fy, gtkjksa l{ke yksx] Hkkjh rdyhQ mBk dj ns”k ds fofHkUu fgLlksa esa dke dj jgs gSAa D;ksa u ,sls lc tq>k: yksx feydj ,d lkFk] ,d U;wure lk>k dk;ZØe ds rgr] ,d jk’Vªh; vkanksyu “kq: djsAa rc rd pqi u cSBas tc rd eafty gkfly u dj ysAa ;s lc os yksx gks]a ftUgkaus s thou esa in] iSl]s “kksgjr vkSj vkjke dks Bqdjkdj R;kx vkSj lknxh dk la?k’kZ Hkjk thou pquk gSA budh fopkjèkkjk,a fHkUu&fHkUu D;ksa u gks]a bu lcds eu esa vkx yxh gS fdlh rjg bl eqYd dks cpkus dhA ij rc yxrk gS fd bl rjg ds ØwlM s jksa dks izk;% ,d lkFk ykuk vusd dkj.kksa ls cgqr eqf”dy gksrk gSA muesa ls ,d dkj.k ;g Hkh gS fd gjsd dks viuk dke] viuk {ks= vkSj viuh lksp gh loZJ’s B yxrh gS] nwljs dh ughaA cgqr lkjs yksx ;g lykg Hkh nsrs gSa fd fcuk jktuhfrd lÙkk gkfly fd, dqN Hkh ugha dj ldrsA blfy, ekStnw k jktuhfrd nyksa esa ls fdlh ,d dks idM+ yksA bldh fpark u djks fd jktuhfr esa D;k dqN vuSfrd djuk iM+ jgk gSA dsoy ,d in ikus dh dksf”k”k gh djksA ml in ij igq¡pdj fQj jk’Vª ds dY;k.k ds dke dks tksjnkj rjhds ls djds fn[kkvksA ny ds lkFkh vU; jktusrkvksa ds vkpj.k dh rjQ er ns[kksA O;oLFkk lEcaèkh ckèkk,sa rks vk,axh] ij fcuk bldh ijokg fd, fd dqlhZ jgsxh ;k tk,xh] vius rjhds ls 288

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

dke djds fn[kk;k tk,] rks ;g fl) fd;k tk ldrk gS fd blh O;oLFkk esa jg dj Hkh cgqr dqN fd;k tk ldrk gSA rc nh[krs gSa os psgjs] tks “kk;n bUgha liuksa dks ns[kdj lkoZtfud thou esa vk, FksA ij Å¡ps inksa rd igq¡prs&igq¡prs viuh nch gqbZ HkkSfrd bPNkvksa ds xqyke gks x,A turk dks ;g dgdj cjxyk fn;k fd D;k d:¡] O;oLFkk gh ,slh gSA tks blds viokn gS]a mUgsa jktuhfr ls njfdukj dj fn;k x;k gSA blfy, ;g fopkj Hkh eu esa vkrk gS fd ,slk dkSu&lk jktuhfrd ny gksxk] tks gesa vius ny esa txg nsxk\ dHkh eu esa fopkj vkrk gS fd tc rd xkSre cq)] egkohj Lokeh] xq#ukud nso] lar Kkunso] lar R;kxjkt] lar clos”oj] lar fr#oYyj] Jhukjk;.k xq# ;k lar dchj dh rjg ?kj&x`gLFkh ds lq[k dk R;kx dj] Qdhj cudj] u Mksy]as ns”kokfl;ksa dks viuh o`fÙk dss fo’k; esa fo”okl u fnyk ik,sx a As blfy, igys lc dqN R;kx nsa vkSj fQj pk.kD; iafMr dh rjg ns”k dks txkus fudy iM+Aas bl ij Kkuh lar dgrs gSa fd x`gLFk vkJe esa vius ifjokj dh ftEesnkfj;ksa dks fuHkkrs gq, Hkh cgqr dqN fd;k tk ldrk gSA ?kj R;kxus dh dksbZ t:jr ughaA dqN yksx ;g Hkh dgrs gSa fd egkRek xk¡èkh us Hkh rks dqN blh rjg dk R;kx fd;k FkkA ij D;k og vius liuksa ds vuq:i lekt cuk ik,\ ,sls yksx ;g Hkh ;kn fnykrs gSa fd pk.kD; iafMr us dgk Fkk fd “kgn ds ?kM+kas dh j[kokyh djus okys ds gksBksa ij “kgn t:j yxk feysxkA eq”a kh izes pan dh dFkk ds ik= ^ued ds nkjksxk* ls vkt rd ;gh dgkuh gSA lekt cnyk ugha djrk] uk;d cny tkrs gSAa tSlk py jgk gS] pyus nksA rqe vdsys dj gh D;k ldrs gks\ cg ldrs gks rks cgks èkkjk ds lkFk gh] ojuk fdukjs [kM+s jgdj lekt dks vkxs c<+rs gq, ns[kksA eu esa iz”u mBrk gS fd vkxs c<+uk ge fdls ekurs gS\a D;k ea=h cudj nwjn”kZu dh [kcjksa esa Nk, jgus dks\ fnokfy;k gks pqds bl xjhc ns”k dk djksMk+ as #i;k viuh ;k=kvksa o lqj{kk ij [kpZ eaFku %

289

djokdj fujFkZd lekjksgksa esa eq[; vfrfFk cuus vkSj f”kykU;kl djus dks\ lÙkk esa cus jgus ds fy, gj fdLe ds vuSfrd xBcaèkuksa dks tk;t Bgjkus vkSj muds voSèk dkeksa dks laj{k.k nsus dks\ vius ifjokjtuks]a fj”rsnkjksa vkSj fe=ksa ds fy, ns”k ywVdj vjcksa #i;k NksM+ tkus dks\ ;k fQj lp dks Nqikdj >wB dks efgekeafMr djus ds ckotwn Js’B i=dkj gksus ds ,okMZ ysus dks\ xjhc etnwjksa dk “kks’k.k djds] i;kZoj.k dk ikf”od nksgu djds o lSdM+kas djksM+ dh dj pksjh djds m|ksx&èkaèkksa dk lkezkT; [kM+k dj ysus dks\ tc ;g ckr vPNh rjg le> esa vk pqdh gks fd in] eku vkSj èku lc lkisf{kd gSa o {kf.kd lq[k nsus okys gS]a LFkk;h lq[k rks eu dh fLFkfr gSA tc vkos larks’k èku] lc èku èkwfj leku rks fQj fdlds ihNs Hkkxk tk,\ oSls Hkh tks vkuan deZ esa vkrk gS og Qy ikdj lekIr gks tkrk gSA blfy, D;ksa u vius ifjokj] lekt vkSj jk’Vª ds izfr tks Hkh gekjk èkeZ gS mlh ds ikyu esa yxs jgs\a tc èkeZ”kkL=ksa dk vè;;u djrs gS]a rks dy;qx dh ifjdYiuk ls jksx a Vs [kM+s gks tkrs gSAa fopkj vkrk gS fd vxj dy;qx esa uSfrd ewY;ksa dk ,slk gh iru gksuk gS] rks fQj gekjs NksVs ls iz;kl ls D;k varj iM+x s k\ blfy, D;ksa u lc dqN NksMd + j flQZ Hkxor~ Hktu djsAa tc dqN fojDr oS’.ko larksa ls bl fo’k; esa ppkZ dh] rks os cksys fd viuk deZ djrs gq, Hktu djuk gh loZJ’s B fLFkfr gSA rHkh lPpk Hktu gksxkA uke Hktu dk vkSj eu Hkkstu esa gks] mlls vPNk gS fd “kjhj dke esa vkSj eu Hktu esa gksA tc mu ns”kksa dh rjQ fuxkg tkrh gS] ftUgksua s fiNys lkS&Ms<+ lkS lkyksa esa gh dkQh rjDdh dh gS] rks dqN vk”kk dh fdj.k fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA bu ns”kksa ds jk’VªHkDr jktusrkvksa us viuss n`<+ fu”p; ls vius ns”k dk uD”kk cny fn;kA ns”kokfl;ksa dks [kq”kgky dj fn;kA fQj Hkkjr esa ,slk D;ksa ugha gks ldrk\ rks D;ksa u ns”k 290

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

dh jktuhfr esa ls gh vPNs jktusrk <w<a +s tk,a vkSj mUgsa iwjk lg;ksx fn;k tk,\ ,sls jktusrk ftuesas ns”kHkfDr gks] izHkq HkfDr gks] lknxh gks vkSj lkFk gh bl jk’Vª dks ,d etcwr jk’Vª cukus dk tquuw Hkh gksA ftudk ân; fo”kky gksA ftuesa viuh detksfj;ksa dks Lohdkjus dk uSfrd cy gksA tks ikjLifjd jkx&}s’k ls Åij mBdj jk’Vª ds fgr esa lHkh T;ksfrZit qa ksa dks lesVdj pyus dk lkeF;Z j[krs gkaAs oSl]s jk’Vª ds ckjs esa fpafrr gj O;fDr ;g eglwl djrk gS fd vkt gesa Bhd oSls gh jk’Vªh; vkanksyu dh t:jr gS tSlk Lora=rk laxzke ds nkSjku pyk FkkA gokyk la?k’kZ ds nkSjku] 1993 ls gh ns”k&fons”k esa lSdM+kas tu lewgksa dks lacksfèkr djrk jgk gw¡A buesa fHkykbZ ds yk[kksa etnwjksa dh jSyh ls ysdj eqca bZ ds pqus gq, lkS m|ksxifr;ksa dh lHkk rd “kkfey gSAa gSnjkckn ds ykycgknqj “kkL=h LVsfM;e esa eè;eoxhZ; gtkjksa yksxksa dh fo”kky lHkk ls ysdj lsVa gksts ¼vesfjdk½ ds ikap lkS Hkkjrh; dEI;wVj fo”ks’kKksa rd dh lHkk Hkh blesa “kkfey gSA mèkj fcgkj ds uDlyoknh lewgksa dss chp ppkZ ls ysdj lsokxzke ds xk¡èkhokfn;ksa rd ls gqbZ ckrphr dk ,d yack nkSj jgk gSA ns”k ds vyx&vyx “kgjksa esa Nk=ksa dks] cqf)thfo;ksa dks] odhyksa dks] O;kikfj;ksa dks] vfèkdkfj;ksa dks] lekt lsfo;ksa dks] i=dkjksa dks] fdlkuksa dks lacksfèkr djrs gq, tks loky mHkjs] muds vkèkkj ij ,d lkr lw=h ,tsM a k rS;kj gqvk gSA bls lkewfgd lksp dk ifj.kke gh ekusAa bl ij fopkj djs]a rks “kk;n ge lc fey dj jk’Vª lqèkkj vkUnksyu [kM+k djus ds fy, dksbZ jkLrk fudky ik,sAa ij igys dqN loky gSa ftuds mÙkj gesa vius eu esa VVksyus gksx a s% 1D;k ge bl ckr ls fpafrr gSa fd èkeZfujis{krk dk eq[kkSVk igudj vkijkfèkd i`’BHkwfe okys cgqr lkjs yksx gekjh fu;fr ds j[kokys cudj cSB x, gS\a

eaFku %

291

D;k ge tkurs gSa fd Hkkjr ij ftruk fons”kh dtZ gS] mlls T;knk èku Hkkjr ls ywVdj cM+s Hkz’Vkpkfj;ksa us fons”kh caSdksa esa voSèk :i ls tek djk fn;k gS\ vxj ;g èku ykSV vk, rks u flQZ ge dtsZ ls eqDr gks tk,sx a ]s cfYd egaxkbZ Hkh ,d frgkbZ de gks tk,xh\ 3D;k ge tkurs gSa fd Hkkjr nqfu;k ds nl Hkz’Vre jk’Vªka s esa ls ,d gS\ 4D;k ge tkurs gSa fd Hkkjr xjhc ugha gS\ fiNys ipkl o’kks± esa bl eqYd dh lÙkk ij dkfct gq, cgqr ls csbZeku gqDejkuksa us Hkkjr dks nqfu;k ds lcls xjhc ns”kksa dh drkj essa [kM+k dj fn;k gSA 5D;k ge ;k gekjs ifjokjhtu iz”kklu ds gj Lrj ij viekfur vkSj ihfM+r eglwl djrs gS\a 6D;k gesa yxrk gS fd ;fn ns”k dh O;oLFkk mÙkjnk;h] ikjn”khZ vkSj bZekunkj gks] rks ge viuh {kerk dk csgrj mi;ksx dj ldrs gS\a gekjk ifjokj Hkh T;knk HkkSfrd vkSj ekufld lq[k izkIr dj ldrk gS\ ;fn mÙkj ^gk¡* esa gS rks Ñi;k bu lkr lw=ksa ij fopkj djsa % 1usr`Ro dk p;u o leUo; 2turk dk ?kks’k.kk i= 3jk’Vª lqèkkj vkUnksyu dks’k 4tu lapkj leUo; ra= 5iz”kklfud Hkz’Vkpkj o fudEesiu ds fo#) lrdZrk laxBu 6lkekftd&vkè;kfRed lqèkkj dk;ZØe 7O;kid tukUnksyu

igyk % usr`Ro dk p;u o leUo; lHkh jktuhfrd ny vkSj lqèkkjd dgrs gSa fd ns”k esa fupys Lrj ij vPNs usr`Ro dh deh gks xbZ gS] tcfd gdhdr ;g gS fd 292

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

fparu”khy] jk’VªHkDr] vuqHkoh vkSj ;ksX; yksx gj xk¡o] dLcs vkSj “kgj esa cspSu cSBs gSAa ;s yksx dqN djuk pkgrs gSAa ij bUgsa lgh jkLrk ugha fn[kkbZ ns jgkA blfy, ,sls lc yksx vius njokts ij fdlh nLrd dk bartkj dj jgs gSAa vxj jk’Vª ds izfr fpafrr lHkh tkx:d yksx ,dtqV gksdj j.kuhfr cuk,a rks ,sls reke yksxksa dks gj Lrj ij tksMk+ tk ldrk gSA blds fy, gesa 543 ,sls ;qokvksa o vU; yksxksa dh t:jr gksxh] tks flQZ ,d&nks g¶rs ds fy, ns”k ds 543 lalnh; {ks=ksa esa losZ{k.k djus tk,aA ogk¡ tkdj ;s yksx LFkkuh; i=dkjks]a odhyks]a f”k{kdks]a O;olkf;d yksxks]a nqdkunkjks]a iku okyks]a Nk=ks]a fdlku&etnwj laxBuksa ls [kwc iwNrkN djsa fd muds bykds esa ,sls dkSu&dkSu O;fDr gS]a tks csnkx gS]a e”kgwj gSa vkSj l{ke gS]a tks tufgr ds dk;ks± ds fy, lnSo yM+rs jgs gksAa pkgs os fdlh Hkh fopkjèkkjk] èkeZ] tkfr ;k ny ds D;ksa u gksAa ,sls yksxksa ds uke irk py tkus ij muls O;fDrxr laidZ djsAa mUgsa vius vkUnksyu ds ckjs esa crk,a vkSj muls fuosnu djsa fd os [kkeks”k cSBdj ns”k dh nqn”Z kk u ns[ksAa cfYd jk’Vª fuekZ.k ds vkUnksyu esa vc lfØ; gks tk,aA 543 txgksa ij LFkkuh; usr`Ro dk bl rjg p;u gks tkus ds ckn] tks yksx lkeus vk,a] mudh vyx&vyx {ks=ksa esa cSBdsa cqykdj ppkZ dh tk,A bl rjg muds lkeus bl vkUnksyu dk mís”; lkQ gks tk,xkA rc os vius bykds esa gj Lrj ij ,slk gh usrR` o <w<a dj laxBu rS;kj djus esa mRlkg ls fgLlk ysx a As tks vkt dh Hkz’V vkSj vkijkfèkd jktuhfr ij vadq”k yxkus dk dke djsxkA

nwljk% turk dk esfuQsLVks& fopkjèkkjk ds uke ij ukVd djus okys lHkh ny csudkc gks pqds gSAa blfy, vc ;g cgl csekuh gS fd ge Hkkjr esa iwt a hokn pkgrs gS]a lektokn pkgrs gS]a ekDlZokn pkgrs gSa ;k lEiznk;okn eaFku %

293

pkgrs gSAa yxrk gS] vc le; vk x;k gS tc lHkh fparu”khy yksx ;g r; djsa fd ge Hkkjr esa iz[kj jk’Vªokn pkgrs gS]a ftldh uhao bl èkjrh ls mits n”kZu ij vkèkkfjr gksxhA og n”kZu] tks ckj&ckj loZJ’s B fl) gqvk gS] tks Lokar% lq[kk; Hkh gS vkSj cgqtu fgrk; HkhA og “kks’k.k] Hkksx vkSj izÑfr ds nksgu ij vkèkkfjr ugha] cfYd vko”;drk vkSj miyCèkrk ds larqyu ij vkèkkfjr gSA ns”k esa vyx&vyx eqíksa ij leiZ.k ds lkFk gtkjksa yksx R;kx vkSj riL;k ds Hkko ls dke dj jgs gSAa ij vQlj”kkgh vkSj Hkz’V O;oLFkk yxkrkj muds ekxZ esa jksMs+ vVdkrh gSA blfy, viuh fdLer dh ckxMksj fudEes yksxksa ij NksMu+ s dh ctk; ge [kqn igy djsAa ,sls lkfFk;ksa dks pkfg, fd os lk>k #fp ds vuqlkj gj ,d eqís ij viuh lgefr dk ,d ,slk izk:i rS;kj djsa tks fcuk oxZ Hksn ds lkjs ns”k ij ykxw gks ldsA elyu] lHkh i;kZoj.koknh ,d jk’Vªh; i;kZoj.k uhfr rS;kj dj ns”k ds lkeus cgl ds fy, izLrqr djsAa lHkh tkx:d f”k{kkfon lk>h cgl ds ckn f”k{kk uhfr nsAa etnwj laxBu Jfed uhfr nsa o m|ksxifr m|ksx uhfr nsAa xSj ljdkjh igy ij vkSj lekt ds gj oxZ ds O;kid fgrksa dk è;ku j[kdj] Hkkjrh; ifjos”k ds fy, O;kogkfjd ,slh tks Hkh uhfr;k¡ lkeus vk,axh] mUgsa vke turk rd igq¡pkuk gj lekt lqèkkjd dk QtZ gksxkA bl rjg dh tkudkjh fey tkus ds ckn turk dsoy oksV nsus okyh HksM& + cdjh ugha le>h tk,xh] cfYd mls larq’V djuk fQj oknk[kksj yksxksa ds fy, eqf”dy gksxk] D;kafs d rc turk viuk gd ekaxx s hA bl izdkj cnyko dh jktuhfr djus okyksa dks viuk ,tsM a k r; djus esa lqfoèkk jgsxhA gk¡] blds fy, ge lHkh dks vius vga ij fu;a=.k djuk gksxkA ;g iz”u Hkh Lo;a ls iwNuk gksxk fd vxj ge ,slk ugha djrs] rks gekjs ikl fodYi D;k gS\ vius ftl dke dks vdsys ;k eqëh Hkj lkfFk;ksa ds lkFk dj ge vkRelEeksgu dh voLFkk esa jgrs gS]a ml dke ls Hkkjr dh turk ds fdrus yk[k yksx ykHkkfUor gks jgs gaS\ gekjh izxfr dh bl nj 294

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

ls ge fdrus o’kks± esa Hkkjr dh ,d lkS bDdhl djksM+ vkcknh dks jkgr ns ik,sx a \s fiNys lkB o’kks± esa gekjs ,sls lSdM+kas bZekunkj vkSj lefiZr iz;klksa ds ckotwn D;k gkykr cn ls cnrj ugha gks x,\ ;fn gk¡] rks D;k xkj.Vh gS fd Hkfo’; esa ge peRdkj dj fn[kk,ax\s blfy, vkil esa leUo; ds fcuk dqN ugha gksxkA

rhljk% jk’Vªlqèkkj vkanksyu dks’k& dbZ ckj ugha pkgrs gq, Hkh usrk Hkz’V blfy, gksrs gSa fd mUgssa pquko ds fy, iSlk pkfg,A tks ;g iSlk nsrk gS] os mlh dk dke djus dks etcwj gksrs gS]a turk dk ughaA ;fn turk iSlk ns] rks os turk dk [k;ky djsx a As blfy, lkoZtfud dke ds fy, ns”k esa ,d jk’Vª lqèkkj vkanksyu QaM cuk;k tkuk pkfg,] ftlesa gj izkra ds ,d&,d izfrf’Br] bZekunkj vkSj l{ke pkVZMZ ,dkmaVVas ;k izkQ s ”s kuy O;fDr dks VªLVh cuk;k tk,A VªLVh ,slk O;fDr gks] tks Lo;a ;k mldk ifjokj nwj&nwj rd fdlh jktuhfrd ny ls u tqMk+ gks] lkFk gh og bruk fuMj Hkh gks fd og fdlh Hkh rjg ds jktuhfrd ncko ds vkxs ?kqVus u VsdAs ns”k ds gj rcds ds yksxksa dk vkOgku fd;k tk, rkfd os viuh {kerk vuqlkj bl QaM esa ;ksxnku djsAa bl izdkj ;g QaM jk’Vªh; lqèkkj vkUnksyu ds fy, lkèku tqVkus esa enn djsxkA Bhd oSls gh] tSls egkRek xk¡èkh ds LojkT; dks’k us muds vkUnksyu dh enn dh FkhA bl rjg bl iq.; dk;Z esa yxs yksxksa dks fdlh dh O;fDrxr bPNkvksa ds vkxs vius ewY;ksa ls le>kSrk ugha djuk iM+x s kA tc&tc ,sls vkUnksyu jk’Vªh; Lrj ij [kM+s gq, gS]a lkèkkj.k yksxksa us Hkh ru&eu&èku ls mlesa nku fn;k gSA ,sls dke ds fy, lkèkuksa dh deh vkM+s ugha vk,xh c”krsZ muds laxzg vkSj forj.k dh O;oLFkk tokcnsg vkSj ikjn”khZ gksA

eaFku %

295

pkSFkk% tulapkj leUo; ra=& ekStnw k ehfM;k dh viuh lhek,a gSAa lfnPNk ds ckotwn O;olkf;d ehfM;k ?kjkus ØwlM s j dh Hkwfedk ugha fuHkk ldrsA vktknh dh yM+kbZ esa Hkh cM+s v[kckjksa ds ckotwn ,sls NksVs v[kckjksa dh t:jr iM+h Fkh tks jk’Vªh; vkUnksyu dks vkxs c<+kus esa yxs jgs ftudk mís”; jkstejkZ dh [kcjsa nsuk ugha] cfYd jk’Vªh; vkUnksyu ds fy, yksxksa dks rS;kj djuk FkkA vkt Hkh bl Hkkouk ls ns”k ds vusd “kgjksa esa lSdM+kas v[kckj fudkys tk jgs gSAa fdrus gh lefiZr yksx bl dke esa tqVs gSAa ij gj v[kckj vius otwn ds fy, tw> jgk gSA ;fn ,slh lksp okys lHkh yksx ,d gh uke ls] vyx&vyx “kgjksa ls v[kckj fudkys]a rks cgqr cM+h rkdr [kM+h gks ldrh gSA mldk ncnck Hkh dgha T;knk gksxkA ;s v[kckj dsna hz ;d`r laikndh; lkexzh ij vkèkkfjr gksAa blds fy, ,d dsna zh; laiknd eaMy cuk;k tk,A ns”kHkj esa QSys lSdM+kas lkekftd dk;ZdrkZ] dqN tkx:d ukxfjd o O;oLFkk esa jgdj ?kqVu eglwl dj jgs ns”kHkDr ukSdj”kkg blds laoknnkrk gksAa bl rjg u flQZ laikndh; lkexzh dh xq.koÙkk loZJ’s B gksxh] cfYd mldh fo”oluh;rk Hkh dgha T;knk gksxhA D;ksfa d ;g v[kckj fdlh vkS|ksfxd ?kjkus dk tulaidZ ekè;e u gksdj iwjs ns”k dh turk ds fgrksa dk izfrfufèkRo djsxkA ;g è;ku j[kk tk, fd laikndh; eaMy esa lekt ds fofHkUu oxks± dk vkSj ns”k esa izpfyr fofHkUu fopkjèkkjkvksa dk larqfyr izfrfufèkRo gksA izkQ s ”s kuy v[kckj dh ekufldrk ls bls fudkyk tk,A ;g v[kckj lkIrkfgd ;k ikf{kd gks ldrk gSA LFkkuh; yksxksa dh #fp c<+kus ds fy, gj “kgj ls fudyus okys bl v[kckj esa nks&pkj iUus LFkkuh; [kcjksa ij vkèkkfjr gks ldrs gSAa blh rjg bls gj izkra h; Hkk’kk esa Hkh fudkyk tk ldrk gSA us”kuy Ms;jh MsoyiesVa cksMZ ds iwoZ&vè;{k ih-ts- dwfj;u tSls vuqHkoh O;fDr ls v[kckj ds bl lgdkfjrk vkanksyu dh O;oLFkk lEcaèkh lykg yh tk ldrh gSA 296

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

blls ,d rks gj LFkkuh; v[kckj dh xq.koÙkk esa lqèkkj vk,xkA nwljs mudh vFkZO;oLFkk lqèkjsxhA rhljs ,sls iz;klksa ls tqMs+ yksxksa dks lkjh ekj vdsys ugha >syuh iM+x s hA bl fo’k; ij ,sls lHkh NksVs v[kckj fudkyus okys lefiZr laiknd&izdk”kdksa dh ,d jk’Vªh; cSBd cqykdj fu.kZ; fy;s tk ldrs gSAa blh rjg ns”k dh n”kk crkus okys vkWfM;ks vkSj ohfM;ks dSlVs ksa dk fuekZ.k vkSj forj.k Hkh ykxr ewY; ij fd;k tk ldrk gS] rkfd T;knk ls T;knk yksxksa dks jk’Vª fuekZ.k ds fy, rS;kj fd;k tk ldsA

ik¡poka% iz”kklfud Hkz’Vkpkj o fudEesiu ds fo#) lrdZrk laxBu& lekt esa ,d oxZ ges”kk ,sls yksxksa dk jgrk gS] ftldh #fp jktuhfrd izfØ;k esa u gksdj Hkz’V O;oLFkk ls fHkM+us dh gksrh gSA izk;% ,sls yksx ljdkjh n¶rjksa es]a fuf’Ø; eqykfteksa ds f[kykQ “kksj epkrs gq, ns[ks tk ldrs gSAa blesa ukStoku] x`fg.kh o lsokfuo`Ùk yksxksa dh T;knk Hkkxhnkjh gksrh gSA buds vykok ns”k esa nl yk[k yksx ,sls gSa tks Hkkjrh; j{kk lsokvksa ls lsokfuo`Ùk gq, gSAa buesa cgqr&ls ljdkjh Hkz’Vkpkj ls =Lr gSAa ,sls gh nwljs foHkkxksa ls Hkh lsokfuo`Ùk gq, yksx [kkyh cSBs gSAa ,sls yksx ns”k ds gj “kgj vkSj dLcs esa jg jgs gSAa mUgsa pkfg, fd os gj Lrj ij ^tu lrdZrk lfefr* uke ls lewgksa dk xBu djs]a ftldk flQZ ,d dke gks fd og uxj ds yksxksa dks Lo;alos h :i ls tksMd + j Hkz’Vkpkj ds LFkkuh; elyksa ij yxkrkj la?k’kZ djsAa ;g lewg fdlh ny ls dHkh u tqM]s+ cfYd lnSo Hkz’Vkpkfj;ksa ds fy, dky cudj vkrk jgsA ,sls laxBu nqfu;k ds dbZ ns”kksa esa gSa vkSj csgn dke;kc gSAa

eaFku %

297

NBk % lkekftd&vkè;kfRed lq è kkj dk;Z Ø e& tc&tc Hkkjrh; lekt dks lÙkk&yksyiq vkSj Hkksx&foyklh jktkvksa us nq[kh fd;k gS] rc&rc tehu ls tqMs+ larksa us jkgr dh Qqgkj ls muds vkØkar eukas dks “khryrk iznku dh gSA pSrU; egkizHkq] xq# ukud nso] dchjnkl] jSnkl] rqdkjke tSls vusd egku lar gSa ftudh ok.kh yksxksa ds ân; esa vkt Hkh Lianu iSnk djrh gSA ekDlZ vkSj ysfuu dh cksyh le>us esa lfn;k¡ chr tk,sx a h] ij bu larksa dh ok.kh rqjra vlj djsxhA bl ok.kh esa lknxh dk lan”s k gSA tkfr vkSj o.kZ O;oLFkk dh nhokjksa dks ;g lgtrk ls rksM+ nsrh gSAa ;g O;fDr dks vdeZ.; vkSj iyk;uoknh ugha] cfYd deZB vkSj larks’kh cukrh gSA ukud Ñf’k ls tqMs+ Fks] rks dchj diM+k cquus ds dke ls vkSj lar jSnkl twrk xkaBus dsA ns”k ds fnXHkzfer cqf)thfo;ks]a lekt ds LokFkhZ rÙoksa o Hkz’V lÙkkèkh”kksa us tkucw>dj ,sls larksa dh ok.kh dks lapkj ekè;eksa ij izHkko”kkyh rjhds ls izLrqr ugha gksus fn;kA ;g pqukSrh ge lcds lkeus gS fd ge bl vewY; laink dks LokUr% lq[kk; o cgqtufgrk; lekt esa O;kid :i ls ckaVAas blls u, Hkkjr ds fuekZ.k ds fy, vdYiuh; ÅtkZ feysxhA lkroka % O;kid tukanksyu& tc mi;qZDr Ng fcanqvksa ij] viuh&viuh #fp ds vuqlkj] dke djus okys lkFkh gj bykds esa lkeus vkus yxs]a rc laxfBr gksdj tu lEidZ dk dk;ZØe Hkh le; vkSj {kerkuqlkj pykuk pkfg,A ckSf)d Lrj ij ge dke djrs jgsa vkSj lekt ds lHkh oxks± ls dVs jgs]a rks dksbZ Hkh ifjorZu ugha vk ldrkA fcuk xjhc&vehj dk Hksn fd, gesa lcls feyuk gSA lcdks viuh ckr crkuh gSA lcdh lquuh gSA fdlh dk migkl ugha djuk gSA fdlh dks ew[kZ ugha le>uk gSA lcds vuqHko vkSj lykg dk vius NksVs lewg esa fujarj ewY;kadu djrs tkuk gS] rkfd gekjk dke vkSj izHkkoh gks ldsA 298

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

vkt ns”k ds cgqr&ls usrk vkSj cM+s vQlj ,sls gS]a ftuds f[kykQ lSdM+kas djksM+ #i, ds Hkz’Vkpkj ds lcwr lh-ch-vkbZ- vkSj vk;dj foHkkx ds ikl ekStnw gSAa eqYd dks gokyk ds gokys dj] pkjs ls ;wfj;k rd [kkus okys ;s usrk reke rjg dh ukSVfa d;k¡ dj Hkksyh&Hkkyh turk dks HksM+ cdfj;ksa dh rjg gk¡d jgs gSAa t:jr bl ckr dh gS fd gj tkx:d ukxfjd turk dks bl Hkz’Vkpkj dk Lo:i vkSj mlds ?kkrd urhtksa ds ckjs esa tkx:d djsA ;g dke xk¡o] CykWd] rglhy] ftys] izkra o jk’Vªh; Lrj ij jk’VªHkfDr ;k=k,sa fudkydj fd;k tk,A bu ;k=kvksa esa ns”kHkDrksa vkSj “kghnksa ds dVvkmV ;k fp= yxk;s tk,sa vkSj pkSjkgksa ij [kM+s gksdj ;g tkudkjh turk dks nh tk, fd mldh tks Hkh leL;k,sa vkt gSa mldk dkj.k gS cM+s Lrj ij O;kIr Hkkjh Hkz’VkpkjA ;Fkk jktk] rFkk iztkA NksVs Lrj ij O;kIr Hkz’Vkpkj rc rd nwj ugha gks ldrk] tc rd f”k[kj ls xaxks=h dh txg irukyk cgrk jgsxkA blfy, yksxksa dks tkxzr djus ds fy, ,slh yksd ;k=k,sa fudkyh tk,sAa LFkkuh; yksxksa dh vkLFkkvksa dk è;ku j[krs gq, ;k=k esa fofHkUu èkeks± dh >kfd;k¡ vkSj dhrZu eaMfy;k¡ ;fn lkFk pysx a h rks T;knk vkd’kZ.k iSnk gksxk o ân; fueZy gksx a As yksxksa ls vihy dh tk, fd os vius bykds ds o ns”k ds Hkz’V ;k fudEes vQljksa ds f[kykQ fdlh u fdlh :i esa izfrfnu izn”kZu dk dk;ZØe pyk,aAs mudk lkoZtfud cfg’dkj djsa vkSj muds dkys dkjukeksa dks “kgj dh nhokjksa ij izpkfjr djsAa blds lkFk gh] vius tuizfrfufèk;ksa dk Hkh fujarj ?ksjko djs]a rkfd mUgsa tufgr esa dqN dkuwu ikl djkus ds fy, etcwj fd;k tk ldsA elyu] lkalnksa ls iwNk tk, fd pquko lqèkkj] jktuhfr dk vijkèkhdj.k o iz”kklu esa ikjnf”kZrk ykus okys dkuwu ikl djokus esa ;g dksrkgh D;ksa cjr jgs gS\a bl rjg yksdra= pykus esa turk dh lhèkh Hkkxhnkjh lqfuf”pr gksxhA

eaFku %

299

300

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

25 frfFkokj ?kVukØe 25 ekpZ 91 %

fnYyh iqfyl us fgtcqy eqtkfgíhu ds [kqfQ;k mi izeq[k v”kQkd gqlus yksu dks fxj¶rkj fd;kA 3 ebZ 91 % lh-ch-vkbZ- us ,l-ds- tSu ds QkeZ gkml vkSj muls tqMs+ dbZ ifjljksa ij Nkik ekjkA 16 twu 91 % bl ekeys dh tk¡p ds batkpZ lh-ch-vkbZ- ds Mh-vkbZ-th- dks eqvÙky dj fn;k x;kA 10 vxLr 91% fCyV~t esa ?kksVkys dh vèkwjh [kcj NihA blesa usrkvksa ds uke ugha FksA blds ckn yxHkx nks lky rd jgL;e; lUukVk Nk;k jgkA fdlh us bl ekeys esa dksbZ igy ugha dhA u lh-ch-vkbZ- us] u izl s us vkSj u laln usA tqykbZ 93 %

23 vxLr 93% 2 flrEcj 93%

3 flrEcj 93 %

dkypØ dh Vhoh Vhe us tk¡p “kq: dh vkSj cjken Mk;jh esa ftuds uke Fks] muls ckrphr dh dksf”k”k dhA tulÙkk esa [kcj NihA blesa Mk;jh esa mfYyf[kr dqN ukeksa dk ftØ gSA Ng g¶rs dh tk¡p] “kwfVax vkSj laiknu ds ckn dkypØ dk nloka vad dans zh; izek.ku cksMZ ¼lh-ch-,Q-lh-½ esa tek djok;k x;kA jke tsBeykuh ds ?kj ij v[kckj okyksa dks dkypØ ohfM;ks ds [kkl va”k fn[kk, x,A lh-ch-,Q-lh- us dkypØ ls dgk fd mldh “kh’kZ dFkk ^g’kZn ls cM+k ?kksVkyk lh-ch-vkbZ- us frfFkokj ?kVukØe %

301

6 flrEcj 93%

16 flrEcj 93%

22 flrEcj 93% 22 uoEcj 93%

15 vDrwcj 93%

27 30 14 14

vDrwcj 93% uoEcj 93% fnlacj 93% fnlacj 93%

14 tuojh 94% 7 ekpZ 94% 14 vizSy 94% 19 tqykbZ 94% 302

nck Mkyk* esa mfYyf[kr lHkh uke gVk fn, tk,aA lh-ch-,Q-lh- us viuk QSlyk cny fn;k vkSj dkypØ dh leh{kk ds fy, mls fjohtu desVh ds ikl HkstkA lh-ch-,Q-lh- us vkf[kjdkj dgk fd fQYe izn”kZu dh vuqefr nh tk ldrh gS c”krsZ ^g’kZn ls cM+k ?kksVkyk& lh-ch-vkbZ- us nck Mkyk* dks gVk fn;k tk,A dkypØ us dans hz ; fQYe izek.ku vihysV iapkV esa vihy dhA iapkV ds vè;{k U;k;ewfrZ ch- ysfa Vu us lh-ch,Q-lh- ds QSlys ls vlgefr trkrs gq, dkypØ dh [kkstiw.kZ fjiksVZ dh iz”kalk dh vkSj ikcanh dks [kRe dj fn;kA dkypØ ds izeq[k laiknd fouhr ukjk;.k us dkVwfZ uLV jkftanj iqjh vkSj nks vU; vfèkoDrkvksa ds lkFk tufgr ;kfpdk lqizhe dksVZ esa nk;j dhA fjV eatjw dj yh xbZA lqizhe dksVZ esa ppkZ gqbZA lqizhe dksVZ esa ppkZ gqbZA lh-ch-vkbZ- dks uksfVl tkjhA bldk tokc 14 tuojh 94 dks nsuk FkkA lh-ch-vkbZ- us ‘kiFki= nk;j fd;k] ftlesa mlus vius vijkèk dks ?kqek&fQjk dj eku fy;kA 14 vizSy 94 dks iwjs fnu dh lquokbZ r;A 19 tqykbZ 94 rd LFkfxrA 29 vxLr 94 rd LFkfxrA

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

29 20 28 4 7 20 23

vxLr 94% flrEcj 94% flrEcj 94% vDrwcj 94% vDrwcj 94% vDrwcj 94% uoEcj 94%

29 uoEcj 94% 5 fnlEcj 94% 15 tuojh 95% 5 ekpZ 95% 6 ekpZ 95% 27 ekpZ 95% 3 vizSy 95% 10 vizSy 95% %

18 vizSy 95%

2 ebZ 95 % 18 tqykbZ 95 % 5 flrEcj 95%

20 flrEcj 94 rd LFkfxrA 28 flrEcj 94 rd LFkfxrA 4 vDrwcj 94 rd LFkfxrA 7 vDrwcj 94 rd LFkfxrA 20 vDrwcj 94 rd LFkfxrA 23 uoEcj 94 rd LFkfxrA LFkfxrA 29 uoEcj dks iwjs fnu dh lquokbZ r;A ubZ csp a cukbZ xbZA fudEesiu ds fy, lqihz e dksVZ us lh-ch-vkbZ- dh f[kapkbZ dhA lh-ch-vkbZ- ds funs”kd ls Lo;a tk¡p dh fuxjkuh ds fy, dgk x;kA cgl gqbZA 6 ekpZ 95 dks vxyh lquokbZA tSu caèkq fxj¶rkjA cgl gqbZA 27 ekpZ 95 dks vxyh lquokbZA lqizhe dksVZ us lh-ch-vkbZ- dh f[kapkbZ dhA lh-ch-vkbZ- us “kiFki= nk;j fd;k cgl gqbZA 18 vizSy 95 dks vxyh lquokbZA lh-ch-vkbZ- o Qsjk ds funs”kd dks lEeu tkjhA jktLo lfpo] Hkkjr ljdkj dks Hkh lEeu fd;k x;kA cgl gqbZA bl fnu fouhr ukjk;.k us ,d ,fQMsfoV nkf[ky fd;k] ftlessa lh-ch-vkbZ-] Qsjk] vk;dj foHkkx dks vc rd tk¡p esa dh xbZ dksrkgh dk foLrkj ls mYys[k fd;k x;kA 2 ebZ 95 dks vxyh lquokbZA cgl gqbZA 18 tqykbZ 95 dks vxyh lquokbZA cgl gqbZA 5 flrEcj 95 dks vxyh lquokbZA cgl gqbZA 9 uoEcj 95 dks vxyh lquokbZA frfFkokj ?kVukØe %

303

9 uoEcj 95% 29 uoEcj 95%

10 tuojh 96%

16 tuojh 96% 30 tuojh 96% 22 Qjojh 96% 1 ekpZ 96% 13 ekpZ 96% 9 vizSy 96% 1 ebZ 96% 8 ebZ 96% 16 tqykbZ 96%

26 tqykbZ 96% 2 flrEcj 96%

30 flrEcj 96%

304

cgl gqbZA 29 uoEcj 95 dks vxyh lquokbZA lh-ch-vkbZ- us ukSdj”kkgksa ds f[kykQ nk;j nks pktZ”khV dh izfr;k¡ tek djkb±A gokyk ekeys ij igyh ckj jkT; lHkk esa gydh&lh ppkZ gqbZA U;k;ewfrZ Jh lsu dh vLoLFkrk ds dkj.k lquokbZ LFkfxrA fouhr ukjk;.k }kjk nwljk ,fQMsfoV nkf[kyA eaf=;ksa vkSj jktuhfrKksa ds f[kykQ pktZ”khVA ttksa us pkj i`‘Bksa dk dM+k vkns”k tkjh fd;kA 14 vkSj pktZ”khV nk;j gqb±A lh-ch-vkbZ- dks lhèks lqihz e dksVZ dks fjiksVZ djus dk vkns”kA lHkh nLrkostksa dh QksVks dkWih cukus dk vkns”kA rhu vkSj pktZ”khVsa nk;jA nks jkT;ikyksa ds fy, Jh nhoku us MCY;w-,lis”k fd;kA 16 tqykbZ 96 rd LFkfxrA vfuy nhoku us fyf[kr izfrosnu nk;j dj lh-ch-vkbZ- ds orZeku vkSj ekStnw funs”kd dks cqykus dk vkxzg fd;kA vnkyr ds vkns”k ij lh-ch-vkbZ- funs”kd vkSj jktLo lfpo gkftj gq,A gokyk vkjksih jktuhfrKksa o iwoZ izèkkueaf=;ksa ls feyus&tqyus ds fy, lh-ch-vkbZ- funs”kd tksfxanz flag dks QVdkjA Mk;jh esa mfYyf[kr ch-,y- ¼Hktu yky½ vkSj v#.k usg: ds f[kykQ pktZ”khV ugha gksus dh

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

30 flrEcj 96% 26 vDrwcj 96%

ckcr vfuy nhoku us fyf[kr izfrosnu is”k fd;kA lh-ch-vkbZ- funs”kd us tk¡p dk dk;Z eqLrSnh ls djus dk vkns”k fn;kA Jh tsBeykuh ds èkks[kk nsus ds ckn gekjh ,MoksdVs vkWu&fjdkMZ yrk Ñ’.kkewfrZ dh txg u, odhy v”kksd ikaMk us yhA

vDrwcj 1996 ds ckn ;ksa rks ;g dsl fnlacj 1997 rd pyk] ij blesa dksbZ Hkh mYys[kuh; izxfr ugha gqbZA 18 fnlEcj] 1997% bl dsl dk fu.kZ; loksZPp U;k;ky; us lquk;k ftlesa Hkz’Vkpkj ls fuiVus ds reke rjhds lq>k;s x;s gSAa bls ns”k esa vkt Hkh ,sfrgkfld fu.kZ; ekuk tkrk gSA ij eq>s rdyhQ gS fd gekjh ;kfpdk dh eq[; izkFkZukvksa dks vuns[kk dj Hkz’Vkpkj dk ,d dkYifud lek/kku nsdj loksZPp vnkyr esa vktknh ds ckn Hkz’Vkpkj ls yM+s x;s lcls cM+s la?k’kZ dks iVjh ls mrkj fn;kA 15 tqykbZ] 1999% tkSyh caly ,fQMsfcV 16 fnlEcj] 1999% ts-,l-oekZ dkypØ 5 Qjojh] 2000% fcx QkbZV 15 Qjojh] 2000% vnkyr dh voekuuk 16 Qjojh] 2000% lh-ts-vkbZ- dk igyk ?kksVkyk 1 fnlEcj] 2000% lh-ts-vkbZ- dk nwljk ?kksVkyk 16 fnlEcj] 2000% lh-ts-vkbZ- dk rhljk ?kksVkyk 26 fnlEcj] 2000% eq> ij d”ehj esa eqdnek 16 tuojh] 2001% lh-ts-vkbZ- dk pkSFkk ?kksVkyk frfFkokj ?kVukØe %

305

1 twu] 2001% 2 twu] 2001% vxLr] 2001% vDVwcj] 2002%

306

tEew&d”ehj mPp U;k;ky; }kjk HkxksMk+ vijk/kh ?kksf’kr ns”k NksMd + j foyk;r Hkkxuk iM+k Lons”k okilh czt xeu

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

26 vutkus la?k’kZ ds lkFkh bl la?k’kZ ds nkSjku geus tq>k: ekus tkus okys ns”k ds dbZ izeq[k yksxksa ds njokts [kV[kVk, vkSj muls ckj&ckj vkxzg fd;k fd os Hkh fofHkUu eapksa ij ;g ekeyk mBk,sa D;ksfa d ;g ekeyk cksQkslZ nykyh ;k izfrHkwfr ?kksVkys ls T;knk laons u”khy gSA ij gesas lQyrk ugha feyhA myVs bu yksxkas us gesa grksRlkfgr fd;kA gekjs lHkh “kqHkfpardksa us eq¡g eksM+ fy,] D;ksfa d mUgsa yxrk Fkk fd ge [krjukd jkLrs ij py jgs gSAa fQj Hkh geus viuh yM+kbZ tkjh j[kh vkSj lhèks vke yksxksa ds chp tkus dk QSlyk fd;kA bl yacs varjky ds nkSjku rhuksa lg&;kfpdkdrkZ dgha utj ugha vk,A dgha ls dksbZ leFkZu feyrk u ns[k geus bl eqís dks ysdj ;wfuoflZVh] dkWyt s ksa esa NksVh&NksVh tulHkk,a djuk “kq: fd;k] rkfd Nk=ksa rd lhèks ckr igq¡p ldsA bl dke esa izk-s vkuan dqekj o eqdqV flag tSls cqf)thfo;ksa us ,d lHkk esa f”kjdr dj gekjk gkSlyk c<+k;kA tokgjyky usg: fo”ofo|ky; ds Nk= eukst flag] euer tsuk] pUnzuk] eukst dqekj] vdhc lgu] datho ykspu] fnYyh fo”ofo|ky; ds vejsna z flag] v{k; dqekj] fu”kkar ikaM]s v”kksd dqekj] iadtZ xxZ] y[kuÅ fo”ofo|ky; ds Nk=ksa us o eqjknkckn ds dqN xzkeh.k ukStokuksa us ns”kHkj esa gekjs lkFk tSu&gokyk&vkradokn dkaM ij ipsZ ckaVAs blds lkFk gh eè; izn”s k ds lkekftd laxBu NÙkhlx<+ eqfä ekspkZ] mÙkj izn”s k ds vktknh cpkvks vkanksyu o vejiqj dk”kh xzkeh.k iksyhVsDuhd] egkjk’Vª ds ^lkoèkku* uke ds laxBuksa us tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM ij tutkx`fr ds fy, tulHkk,a vk;ksftr dha ;k ipsZ caVok,A bl Øe esa tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj& vkradokn&gokyk dkaM ij 19 Qjojh] 1994 dks foV~~ByHkkbZ iVsy vutkus la?k’kZ ds lkFkh %

307

Hkou esa geus ,d tulHkk Hkh cqykbZ] ftlesa fopkjd izk-s jtuh dksBkjh] izk-s bfEr;kt vgen o mM+hlk ds iwoZ jkT;iky iafMr ;KnÙk “kekZ us tksjnkj “kCnksa esa gekjk gkSlyk c<+k;kA bl tulHkk esa dkQh rknkn esa izcq) ukxfjdksa us f”kjdr dhA ysfdu bl ij Hkh fdlh v[kckj esa dgha dksbZ [kcj ugha NihA tcfd dbZ laoknnkrk ogk¡ ekStnw FksA “kk;n ekfydksa ij Åij ls ncko vk x;kA gesa vViVk blfy, yxk fd blls igys ds o’kks± esa tc dkypØ ohfM;ks if=dk esa geus tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM ls dgha de egÙo ds eqís mBk, Fks] rks mu eqíksa dks izl s esa dkQh txg feyrh jgh FkhA ij tc lcls egÙoiw.kZ eqík mBk] rks bldk QSyko ns[kdj cgqr&ls yksx fBBd x, FksA mlh fnu “kke dks vius ?kj pk; ds nkSjku Hkktik ds ofj’B usrk iafMr ;KnÙk “kekZ us tc esjs firk ls dgk fd] ^vkidk csVk cgqr cgknqj gSA ij bls jksfd,A eSa yacs vjls ls jktuhfr esa gw¡ vkSj tkurk gw¡ fd blesa dSls [ksy [ksys tkrs gSAa eq>s Mj gS fd bls [kRe djok fn;k tk,xkA* ,d cki ds fny ij ;g lqudj D;k xqtjh gksxh\ esjs firk dh vk¡[kksa ls vk¡lw Vidus yxs vkSj mudk psgjk xexhu gks x;kA mudk gkSlyk c<+krs gq, eSua s dgk] ^vki D;ksa ?kcjkrs gS\a thuk&ejuk rks Hkxoku ds gkFk esa gSA* ns”k ds 115 “kfä”kkyh jktuhfrKksa vkSj vQljksa ds f[kykQ ekspkZ [kksyus dk eryc eq>s irk FkkA èkefd;k¡ feyuh Fkha] feyha vkSj dbZ ckj tku ij geys Hkh gq,A tkdks jk[ks lkb;ka] ekj lds u dks;A cky u ckadk dj lds] tks tx cSjh gks;AA Hkxoku dh Ñik ls izyksHku vkSj ykyp dh lh<+h Hkh geus ikj dj yhA gekjh yM+kbZ O;fä;ksa ls ugha] O;oLFkk ls FkhA dkuwu rksMr+ s gq, ued cukdj xkaèkh th us dksbZ cM+k rhj ugha NksM+ fn;k FkkA ij 308

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

;g izrhd Fkk muds fojksèk dkA tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM esa izeq[k yksxksa dk fyIr gksuk vkSj bl ij yksdra= dh vfèkdrj laLFkkvksa dks ydok ekj tkuk bl ckr dk ladrs nsrk gS fd gekjh O;oLFkk fdl gn rd pkSiV gks xbZ gSA tgk¡ rd èkedh vkSj gR;k dh dksf”k”k dk loky gS] dbZ iz;kl fd, x;sA bldh lwpuk fnYyh iqfyl dks nh tkrh jgh gS vkSj v[kckjksa dks Hkh izl s uksV fHktok, x,A bu ij mUgksua s vius <ax ls dkjZokbZ dhA gR;k s ] fnYyh dh dh dksf”k”k dSls dh xbZ]a bldh ckuxh bafM;u ,Dlizl LFkkuh; laiknd dweh diwj dh ,d fjiksVZ ls feyrh gSA 18 Qjojh 1996 dks bafM;u ,Dlizl s esa iwjs i`’B ij izdkf”kr bl fjiksVZ ds dqN va”kksa dk vuqokn ;gk¡ izLrqr gS &

gR;k dh lkft”k ^fnYyh ds lhek ij le;iqj cknyh Fkkus ds xksnke esa vkt Hkh ,d bysDVªkWfud Mk;jh iM+h gS] ftlesa ,l-ds- tSu dk uke] irk vkSj VsyhQksu uacj ntZ gSAa ;g Mk;jh tkus&ekus vijkèkh fnus”k Bkdqj ds ikl cjken gqbZ FkhA 1995 ds eè; esa og iqfyl eqBHksM+ esa ekjk x;k FkkA bl fgLVªh”khVj vkSj tSu caèkqvksa ds rkj tqMs+ gq, gSAa ;g ekeyk Hkh mu <sjksa ekeyksa esa ,d gS] ftudk [kqyklk djus dh t:jr iqfyl us ugha le>h gSA ^fxj¶rkjh ds ckn ,l-ds- tSu ekpZ 1995 esa fjgk gks x, Fks ij vly esa Mk;jh fy[kus okys ts-ds- tSu us viuh tekur esa tkucw>dj nsj dhA bldh vkSipkfjdrk os nks eghus rd Vkys jgsA tSu frgkM+ tsy ls fnus”k Bkdqj dh fjgkbZ dk bartkj dj jgs FksA mUgsa viuh lqj{kk ds fy, Bkdqj dh vko”;drk Fkh] D;ksfa d mUgsa Mj Fkk fd tSls gh mUgsa NksMk+ tk,xk] os tsy ds gh njokts ij fQj fxj¶rkj dj fy, tk,axs vkSj muds f[kykQ Qsjk dk ekeyk pyk;k tk,xkA vutkus la?k’kZ ds lkFkh %

309

^lh-ch-vkbZ- us yxHkx var rd tSu caèkqvksa ds f[kykQ Qsjk dk ekeyk ugha cuk;k Fkk vkSj tkfgj gS] ,slk gokyk dkjksckfj;kssa ds Qk;ns ds fy, fd;k x;k FkkA Qsjk ds rgr tks Lohdkjksfä dh tkrh gS] og vius vki dksVZ esa oSèk gks tkrh gS] tcfd Hkz’Vkpkj ds vkjksi esa tSu caèkqvksa us tks c;ku fn, gS]a os bl Js.kh essa ugha vkrsA tSu caèkq bu c;kuksa ls eqdj ldrs gSAa ^vkf[kjdkj ts-ds- tSu ebZ 1995 esa frgkM+ tsy ls fjgk gq,A mlh jkr Bkdqj Hkh fjgk gqvkA tsy ds njokts ij dksbZ ipkl&lkB yksxksa us èkôk&eqôh ds ckn gydk naxk fd;k vkSj bl HkhM+&HkkM+ esa tSu ,d lkbfdy ij lokj gksdj Hkkx fudysA blds ckn naxk djus dk ,d ekeyk t:j ntZ gqvk] ij vkxs dkjZokbZ ugha dh xbZA ^tsy ls fudyus ds ckn Bkdqj us vkijkfèkd ekeyksa ds odhy oh-dsvksgjh dks lrdZ dj fn;kA os mls vPNh rjg tkurs FksA mlus crk;k fd mlls fouhr ukjk;.k dks [kRe djus ds fy, dgk x;k gSA ij mlus Jh vksgjh dks Hkjkslk fn;k fd Bsds ij gR;k djus ds fy, mlus iSlk rks ys fy;k gS] ij og ;g dke djsxk ughaA fjgkbZ ds 15 fnuksa ds ckn iqfyl us Bkdqj dks ekj MkykA dgrs gSa ,d eqBHksM+ esAa * njvly] fnus”k Bkdqj us tSls gh Jh vksgjh dks crk;k fd mls esjk dke reke djus ds iSls feys gS]a os fpafrr gks x,A mUgksua s fnus”k Bkdqj dks le>k;k fd og ,slk u djsA ysfdu QkSju gh dpgjh ls Qksu dj eq>s fgnk;r nh fd eSa n¶rj ls ?kj vdsys u tkÅaA n¶rj ds lc njokts vanj ls can dj ywAa fdlh Hkh vtuch vkneh ds fy, n¶rj dk njoktk u [kksyAaw tc os ¼vksgjh½ dpgjh ls ykSVdj “kke dks vk,ax]s rc eq>s ?kj igq¡pk nsx a As ,d&nks fnu ckn mUgksua s crk;k fd fnus”k Bkdqj mudk eqofDdy gksus ds ukrs mudh ckr eku x;k gSA vc og iSls ys ysus ds ckotwn eq>s ugha 310

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

ekjsxkA exj tekur rksMd + j “kgj ls Hkkx tk,xkA blls igys fd fnus”k Bkdqj ;g dj ikrk] iqfyl ds ^,udkmaVj* esa ekjk x;k] D;ksa\

gelQ+ j ehrk ukjk;.k& blds ckn Hkh eSa thfor g¡]w rks bZ”oj dh Ñik larksa o ekrk&firk ds vk”khZokn vkSj iRuh ehrk ds ri lsA gokyk ekeys esa eSua s tks dqN Hkh fd;k] mlesa eq>s ges”kk mudk iwjk lkFk feykA lp rks ;g gS fd muds iw.kZ lg;ksx ds fcuk eq>s bl ekeys esa bruh dke;kch fey gh ugha ldrh FkhA bl ekeys esa eSua s tks dqN fd;k] ml ij rks ns”k&fons”k ds v[kckjksa esa vkSj Vsyhfotu ij dqN u dqN dgk x;k gS] ij ehrk dh egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk ds ckjs esa if”pe caxky vkSj xqtjkr ds ,d&nks v[kckjksa esa gh FkksMk+ &cgqr Nik gSA fiNys 30 cjl ls ehfM;k esa jgdj ns[k jgk gw¡ fd izk;% fdrus lrgh O;fDrRo okyh rFkkdfFkr izxfr”khy efgykvkas dks fdl rjg efgek&eafMr fd;k tkrk gS] tcfd ehrk tSlh reke ukfj;k¡ gh Hkkjrh; lekt dh “kfDr vkSj ÅtkZ dk lzkrs gS]a tks fcuk fdlh iqjLdkj ;k izpkj dh vfHkyk’kk ds vius ifjokj] lekt o jk’Vª ds izfr [kkeks”kh ls viuk èkeZ fuHkk jgha gSAa vxj ;gk¡ eSa pan “kCnksa esa ehrk ds O;fDrRo vkSj ;ksxnku dh ppkZ u d:a] rks ;g ,glku&Qjkeks”kh gksxhA cgqeq[kh izfrHkk dh èkuh ehrk us nl o’kZ tokgjyky usg: fo”ofo|ky;] fnYyh esa i<+us ds ckn :lh Hkk’kk esa ,e-,- o ih-,pMh- dh fMfxz;k¡ yha gaSA ;gh ugha] fnYyh ds lcls e”kgwj vkSj izfrf’Br ekus tkus okyk ekWMuZ Ldwy] ckjk[kEck jksM ls ckjgoha rd dh f”k{kk izkIr dhA Ldwy ls ;wfuoflZVh rd os ges”kk i<+kbZ esa loksZPp vad ykdj othQs ysrh jgh gSAa blesa Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk nh tkus okyh ^us”kuy esfjV LdkWyjf”ki* Hkh “kkfey gSA i<+kbZ gh ugha] okn&fookn] izfr;ksfxrkvksa o vU; xfrfofèk;ksa esa Hkh vOoy jgus ds vutkus la?k’kZ ds lkFkh %

311

dkj.k mUgsa vius Ldwy dh loZJ’s B Nk=k gksus ij ^esèkk xqtjky eseksfj;y* vokMZ ls Hkh lEekfur fd;k x;kA bl lcds ckotwn mudk thou la?k’kks± vkSj dfBu ifjJe ls Hkjk jgk gSA ehrk fnYyh ds izfrf’Br ekFkqj ifjokj ls gSAa muds ifjokj ds T;knkrj L=h&iq#’k dbZ ihf<+;ksa ls iz”kklfud lsok] fons”k lsok o Hkkjrh; iqfyl lsok tSlh ukSdfj;ksa esa loksZPp inksa ij dk;Z djrs jgs gSa vkSj vkt Hkh dj jgs gSAa ehrk ds firk us cjfea?ke ¼baXyaSM½ ds ekbal dkyst ls i<+kbZ dh FkhA os vklulksy ¼if”pe caxky½ esa ,d eYVhus”kuy daiuh esa mPp in ij FksA ogha ehrk ds “kq: ds Ng o’kZ lEiUurk ds lkFk xqtjsA ,d nq?kZVuk esa muds firk dh e`R;q ls mudk thou ,dne cny x;kA mudh 30 o’khZ; ek¡ vius pkj NksV& s NksVs cPpksa dks ysdj vius firk ds ?kj ckjk[kack jksM] ubZ fnYyh vk xb±A vius pkjksa cPpksa dh vPNh ijofj”k dh tks esèkkoh vkSj lQy jgs gSAa tokgjyky usg: fo”ofo|ky; esa muls esjk ifjp; twu 1982 esa gqvkA eSa mu fnuksa ogka “kksèk dj jgk Fkk vkSj fnYyh nwjn”kZu ij xaHkhj eqíksa ij viuh izLrqfr;ksa ds dkj.k ifjlj esa igpkuk tkus yxk FkkA ifjp; gksus ds ianzg fnu esa gh nksuksa ifjokjksa dh lgefr ls gekjk fookg gks x;kA “kknh ds igys gh eSua s ehrk ls ,d vthcksxjhc “krZ j[kh Fkh] ^esjs fnekx esa ns”k dks ysdj dqN Økafrdkjh ;kstuk,a gSAa esjk thou la?k’kks± dk vkSj vfuf”prrk dk jgsxkA “kk;n eSa dqN dekdj Hkh u ns ikÅ¡A rqEgsa vktUe viuk vkSj cPpksa dk [kpZ ogu djuk iM+ ldrk gSA vxj rqe blds fy, rS;kj gks] rHkh gesa fookg djuk pkfg,A* os tokgjyky usg: fo”ofo|ky; esa :lh Hkk’kk i<+kus ds lkFk&lkFk dkypØ lekpkj VªLV dh lkjh iz”kklfud ftEesnkjh fuHkkrh jgh gSaA ij tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM ds la?k’kZ ds nkSjku dkQh eqf”dysa vkus yxhaA dkypØ dks feyus okyk fe=ksa vkSj “kqHkfpardksa dk vkfFkZd lg;ksx ljdkjh Hk; ls dkQh de gks x;kA jkr& fnu tku dh èkefd;k¡ vkrh FkhaA eSua s cgqr rkdroj yksxksa ls la?k’kZ 312

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

NsM+ fn;k Fkk] blfy, dksbZ enn djus lkeus ugha vk jgk FkkA eq>s pkSchl ?k.Vs lykg] uSfrd cy vkSj lg;ksxh dh t:jr FkhA ,sls oDr esa ehrk us iwjk le; dkypØ lekpkj VªLV dh O;oLFkk pykus esa yxkuk r; fd;kA lkFk gh mUgksua s :lh Hkk’kk ls vuqokn vkSj V~;”w ku dk viuk dke tkjh j[kk] rkfd ?kj [kpZ pyrk jgsA tqykbZ 1993 esa tc eSa lR;sna z dqekj tSu ds izLrko ij ges”kk dh rjg è;ku ugha ns jgk Fkk] rks mUgksua s ehrk dks jkth dj fy;kA mUgksua s ehrk dks tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM ;k blesa vkus okys tksf[ke dh ckr ugha crkbZA fdarq ;g crk;k fd os tks lkexzh eq>s nsx a ]s mlls eq>s cgqr “kksgjr feysxhA ehrk us gh eq> ij ncko Mkyk fd tc ekek th vkidks bruh vPNh LVksjh ns jgs gS]a rks vkidks tk¡p djus esa D;k ladksp gS\ tqykbZ 1993 ls uoEcj 1998 rd gesa Hkkjh =klnh vkSj ladV ds nkSj ls xqtjuk iM+kA ges”kk Qksu ij tku dh èkefd;k¡ vkrh FkhaA esjs ifjokj dh tku ij [krjk FkkA lc rjg ls yksx Mjkrs FksA ehrk dks vDlj oDr&csoDr VsyhQksu ij xkfy;k¡ vkSj èkefd;k¡ lquuh iM+rh FkhaA ,d ckj rks VsyhQksu foHkkx ds deZpkjh cudj dqN yksxksa us mUgsa bruk èkedk;k fd os cqjh rjg fopfyr gks xb±A mUgsa ckj&ckj Qksu dj foèkok cuk nsus dh èkedh nh tkrh FkhA ftlus viuh ek¡ dks rhl lky dh mez esa gh foèkok gksrs ns[kk gks] ml ij bl èkedh dk D;k vlj gksrk gksxk] bldh dYiuk dh tk ldrh gS\ fQj Hkh] vius LoHkko ds vuqdy w ehrk us dHkh viuh ?kqVu esjs lkeus O;Dr ugha dhA os jkr&fnu ?kj vkSj n¶rj esa dM+h esgur djrh jgha vkSj vanj gh vanj ?kqyrh jghaA tuojh] 1994 vkrs&vkrs mUgsa QsQM+kas dh chekjh us vk ?ksjkA vpkud os dkQh detksj vkSj Fkdh&Fkdh fn[kus yxhaA eSa tc Hkh muls bldk dkj.k iwNrk] os Vky tkrhaA dbZ eghus ckn eq>s irk pyk fd os bl

vutkus la?k’kZ ds lkFkh %

313

chp olar dqt a dh MkW- banq tSu ls bykt djok jgh Fkha vkSj mudh gkyr dkQh [kjkc FkhA eq>s cgqr Xykfu vkSj nq%[k gqvkA grk”kk ds ,sls {k.kksa esa rdyhQ crkus ;k f”kdk;r djus dh ctk; ehrk ges”kk lkgl nsus ds fy, èkhj vkSj vkRe&fo”okl dh lk{kkr~ ewfrZ cudj esjs ikl [kM+h gksrhaA ges”kk eq>s izkRs lkfgr djrhaA fdlh u fdlh rjg cPpksa dh dPph mez vkSj t:jrksa dk è;ku j[krs gq, dqN u dqN O;oLFkk djrh jgrhaA “kk;n ;g lc mUgksua s viuh ek¡ ls lh[kkA èkefd;ksa vkSj rdyhQksa ds bl nkSj esa iSls ysdj BaMs iM+ tkus ds dbZ izLrko vkrs jgrs FksA ,d fnu ,d ifjfpr lEiUu lTtu n¶rj esa vk,A fgrS”kh cudj eq>s [kwc le>k;kA cksys fouhr th y{eh ?kj esa ?kqlus dks rS;kj gS vkSj vki yë ysdj njokts ij [kM+s gksA djksMk+ as ds okjs&U;kjs gks tk,ax s As vkfjQ [kku ds ;gk¡ Nkik iM+us ds ckn jktusrk cgqr ?kcjk, gq, gSAa vki eq¡g rks [kksyksA esjs euk djus ij og fp<+dj cksy]s vjs ys yks dqNA ojuk xksyh rks rqEgsa yxus okyh gh gSA ekjs x, rks cPps xkyh nsx a ]s ^cki ns”kHkfDr esa ekjk x;k] gekjs fy, dksbZ iSlk ugha NksM+ x;kA* rhj fu”kkus ij yxkA eSa lkjh jkr lks ugha ldkA vk¡[ksa yky gks xb±A lqcg cPpksa ds Ldwy tkus dk bartkj djrk jgkA eu cgqr fopfyr FkkA Hkxon~xhrk [kksydj i<+uh “kq: dj nhA fQj vpkud ehrk dks [khapdj vius ¶ySV ds iwtk okys d{k esa ys x;kA yìw&xksiky dh rjQ b”kkjk djds iwNk] ;s Hkxoku gSa ;k ihry dh ewfrZ\ ehrk bl vViVs O;ogkj ls ldidk xb±A fQj laHkydj cksyha] ^Hkxoku gSAa * eSua s dgk vxj Hkxoku gS]a rks D;k ;s rqEgkjh vkSj cPpksa dh ijokg ugha djsx a \s mlds iwNus ij eSua s lkjh ckr crkbZA ehrk us cM+h “kkafr ls mÙkj fn;k] ^^vki fdlh ckr dh fpark er dhft,A viuh yM+kbZ yM+rs jfg,A Hkxoku gekjh j{kk djsx a As **

314

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

tc igyh ckj eq>s ebZ 1995 esa NÙkhlx<+ eqfDr ekspkZ dh rjQ ls fHkykbZ esa etnwj lkfFk;ksa dks lacksfèkr djus dk U;kSrk vk;k] rks os FkksMh+ fopfyr gks xb±A eSa ml bykds esa tk jgk Fkk] tgk¡ tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM esa vkjksfir rRdkyhu dsna hz ; ea=h fo|kpj.k “kqDy] vjfoan usrke] mÙkj izn”s k ds jkT;iky eksrhyky oksjk vkSj gokyk dkjksckjh m|ksxifr tSu caèkqvksa dk iwjk izHkko FkkA ml bykds es]a tgk¡ ds lokZfèkd yksdfiz; o vkn”kZ etnwj usrk dh felky ;qok fpard “kadjxqgk fu;ksxh dh dqN o’kZ igys gh gR;k dh tk pqdh FkhA vHkh gokyk dsl ijoku Hkh u p<+k FkkA esjh tku dks Hkkjh [krjk FkkA eq>s ml bykds esa ?kwe&?kwedj bu yksxksa ds f[kykQ tulHkk,sa djuh FkhaA ;g “ksj dh ekan esa tkus tSlk FkkA D;ksfa d ml fnu lqcg gh fnYyh gokbZ vìs ij eq>s bafM;u ,vjykbal ds gokbZ tgkt esa cSBus ds ckn cM+h gksf”k;kjh ls mrjok fn;k x;k FkkA njvly] iwjs NÙkhlx<+ {ks= esa esjh tulHkkvksa dk O;kid izpkj fd;k x;k Fkk] ftlls LokHkkfod :i ls dqN rkdroj yksx fpafrr FksA vkt rd muds bykds esa mUgsa bl rjg yydkjus dh tqjZr fdlh us ugha dh FkhA lqcg dh ?kVuk ls NÙkhlx<+ eqfDr ekspkZ ds lkFkh csgn ijs”kku FksA os pkgrs Fks fd gj dher ij eSa vxys fnu “kke rd nYyh&jktgjk dh fo”kky tulHkk dks lEcksfèkr djus igq¡pAw dksbZ rjhdk ugha FkkA vkf[kj eSua s uke cny dj ,vj bafM;k dh eè; jkf=okyh eqca bZ dh mM+ku esa fVdV cqd djok;kA bjknk vxys fnu lqcg eqca bZ ls ukxiqj mM+us vkSj ukxiqj ls taxy ds jkLrs thi esa cSBdj lHkk LFky rd igq¡pus dk FkkA lqulku taxy dh dbZ ?k.Vs dh bl ;k=k esa ekspZs ds dqN lkFkh cand w as ysdj esjh lqj{kk ds fy, ukxiqj ls gh lkFk jgus okys FksA tc eSa fnYyh ls pyk] rks bl lkjh O;oLFkk vkSj laHkkfor [krjksa dk vanktk yxkdj ehrk njokts ds ikl [kM+h jks jgh FkhaA eSua s ykSVdj mUgsa <ka<l caèkk;k fd Hkxoku j{kk djus okys gSAa rqe ?kcjkvks erA vutkus la?k’kZ ds lkFkh %

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lp ;g gS fd vk”kadk esjs eu esa Hkh Fkh fd thfor ykSVx aw k ;k ughaA ekspZs dh ;qok usrk lqèkk Hkkj}kt bl ?kVuk dh xokg gS]a D;ksfa d os Hkh uke cnydj bl ;k=k esa esjs lkFk tk jgh FkhaA ij ;g vdsyh ,slh ?kVuk FkhA ckdh reke ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa ehrk ges”kk “kfDr&:i esa esjs lkFk [kM+h jghaA eq>s ;g dgus esa Hkh ladksp ugha gS fd dbZ ckj fujk”kk ds {k.kksa esa tc eSa fgEer gkjus yxk] rks ehrk us ges”kk eq>s fgEer nhA vkèkqfud f”k{kk vkSj iz”kklfud vfèkdkfj;ksa ds ifjokjksa dh i`‘BHkwfe ds ckn dkypØ tSls tq>k: jktuhfrd o lkekftd dk;Z ds okrkoj.k esa ehrk us vius dks cM+h lqxerk ls <ky fy;kA esjh Ñ’.kHkfDr esa lg;ksx nsus ds fy, ekalkgkj tSlh viuh ijEijkxr vknrksa dk ifjR;kx dj fn;kA os lqcg&”kke gekjs ?kj ds eafnj esa oS’.ko Hktu&iwtu djrh gSAa ?kj vkSj n¶rj ds vusd lnL;ks]a lgdfeZ;ksa rFkk vkxarqdksa ds Hkkstu&ikuh dh O;oLFkk djuk Hkh mudh gh ftEesnkjh jgh gSA n¶rj ds ,dkmaV] Qkbys]a v[kckjksa dh drjus]a i=kpkj] VwV&QwV dh ejEer vkSj lQkbZ&O;oLFkk Hkh mUgsa gh djuh iM+rh FkhA ml ij Hkh tc&rc yksxkas ds [kjkc ewM dks laHkkyus dk dke Hkh mudk gh gksrkA dqN xyr gks tk,] rks rkus Hkh mudks gh lquus iM+rAs mudh lqèk ysus okyk dksbZ ugha FkkA tc eSua s ;g la?k’kZ “kq: fd;k] rks esjk cM+k csVk nl o’kZ vkSj NksVk ikap o’kZ dk FkkA brus NksVs cPps tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj& vkradokn&gokyk dkaM dh èkefd;k¡ ;k gekjh ijs”kkfu;k¡ D;k le> ldrs Fks\ muds reke rjg ds loky gksrs Fks] tks os ek¡ ls djrsA ehrk us ladV ds ml nkSj esa Hkh cPpksa dks cM+h lw>cw> ls laHkkykA “kk;n ;gh dkj.k gS fd nksuksa cPps le; ls igys gh dkQh ifjiDo gks x,A gekjs lc fj”rsnkj vkSj lEcaèkh dkQh lEiUu gSa vkSj ;s le>rs jgs gSa fd ge yksx fcuk iSls ds dkeksa esa viuh ÅtkZ cckZn dj jgs gSAa mu lcdh vk”kadk,s]a fcu ekaxh lykgsa vkSj mykgus lgus dk dke Hkh ehrk ds gh ftEes iM+kA 316

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

ehrk dh riL;k vc jax ykus yxh gSA gesa ns”kHkj ds vPNs yksxksa dk vk”khokZn [kwc feyk gSA ;g gekjs fy, larks’k dk fo’k; gSA nksuksa csVs Hkh i<+kbZ] laLdkj vkSj nwljh xfrfofèk;ksa esa fo|ky; ds esèkkoh Nk=ksa esa jgs gSa vkSj ek¡ ds R;kx vkSj riL;k dk lEeku djrs gSAa ehrk ,d iRuh gh ugha] la?k’kZ dh lPph lkFkh vkSj ,d vfHkHkkod dh rjg pêku cudj ges”kk esjs ihNs [kM+h jgh gaSA ij eSa mUgsa muds vuq:i dqN ugha ns ik;kA ckn esa tc czt ds dke esa tqV x;k vkSj fooknksa ls ijs gks x;k rks gekjs thou esa LFkkf;Ro vkSj “kkafr vkbZA m|ksx txr ds HkfDrHkko okys fe=ksa us Hkh izes o”k vkfFkZd lg;ksx nsdj gekjh gkyr lq/kkjh] ftudk eSa vkHkkjh gw¡A

jtuh”k diw j & lqizhe dksVZ dh dk;Zokgh dk dojst djus okyk fiazV ;k Vhoh dk dksbZ ,slk i=dkj lkFkh ugha gS tks esjs lg;ksxh jtuh”k diwj ds ;ksxnku dks vuns[kk dj ldsA tqykbZ 1993 ls vkt rd jkr&fnu ftl esgur] bZekunkjh] R;kx vkSj riL;k ls jtuh”k us esjk lkFk fn;k] mldh felky de gh gksxhA eq>s ;g dgus esa dksbZ ladksp ugha gS fd gokyk dsl dh dkuwuh dkUÝsl a ksa ls ysdj vnkyr dh HkkxnkSM+ rd] lcesa jtuh”k bruk rRij jgk gS fd ;fn og ,slk u djrk] rks “kk;n eSa bruh etcwrh ls [kM+k ugha jg ikrkA [kkl ckr ;g gS fd jtuh”k dk Økafrdkjh fopkjksa ls nwj&nwj dk ukrk ugha gSA mlds nknk Hkkjr dh ,d e”kgwj chek daiuh ds laLFkkidksa esa ls ,d FksA mlds ijukuk jkoyfiaMh ds E;wfufliy dfe”uj o ukuk fnYyh ds e”kgwj odhy FksA mlds firk Jh jfo diwj fnYyh dh ,d chek daiuh ds ;ksX; vQlj Fks] tks 40 o’kZ dh de vk;q esa LoxZoklh gks x,A jtuh”k dh ek¡ us rdyhQsa mBkdj vius nksuksa csVksa dks ikykA BkB&ckV dh ftanxh ls ,dne vk;h eqQfylh us mls èkhj] xaHkhj ;ks)k cuk fn;kA og esjh nkfguh Hkqtk dh rjg lkFk jgk gSA tSu&Hkz’Vkpkj&vkradokn&gokyk dkaM ds bl dfBu la?k’kZ vutkus la?k’kZ ds lkFkh %

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ds nkSj esa gh chekjh us mldh ek¡ o HkkbZ ls Hkh I;kjs 22 o’khZ; fe= iadt dks vle; yhy fy;kA fQj Hkh og fopfyr ugha gqvkA mls [kjhnus dh Hkh lkjh dksf”k”ksa ukdke jghaAa gekjh bl yM+kbZ esa lwpuk&lw=ksa o nLrkostksa dh xksiuh;rk cjrus dh l[r t+:jr Fkh] ftls mlus cM+h bZekunkjh ls fuHkk;kA tSlk tq>k: dke mlus gokyk la?k’kZ ds nkSjku esjs lkFk fd;k] mls ns[kdj vPNs&vPNs Økafrdkfj;ksa dks Hkh bZ’;kZ gksxhA Hkxoku mls yach mej ns o ml ij viuh iw.kZ d`ik djsA

318

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

27 U;k;ikfydk dV?kjs esa fcuk tk¡p ds vkSj fcuk lcwrksa dks laKku esa fy, tSu gokyk dsl dks ftl rjg tfLVl ts-,l-oekZ us B.Mk dj fn;k] mlls t+kfgju esjs eu esa cgqr vkØks”k FkkA tc eq>s tfLVl oekZ vkSj tfLVl lsu ds vkpj.k ds fo:) izek.k feys rks eSua s vaxt sz h VscykW;M ^dkypØ* izdkf”kr dj tfLVl oekZ o tfLVl lsu ds fo:) loksPZ Pk vnkyr dh voekuuk dk eqdnek dk;e djuk pkgkA ij eq>s blesa lQyrk ugha feyhA mYVk eq>ij loksPZ p U;k;ky; esa ^vnkyr dh voekuuk* djus ds tqeZ esa eqdnek dk;e djus dh vihy ^lqihz e dksVZ ckWj ,slksfl,”ku* us dhA ftls loksPZ p vnkyr us [kkfjt dj fn;kA blds ckn eSua s Hkkjr ds nwljs eq[; U;k;k/kh”k MkW- ,-,l- vkuUn ds 6 ?kksVkys ^dkypØ* esa izdkf”kr fd,A vcdh ckj eq> ij fnYyh esa ugha cfYd tEew d”ehj mPp U;k;ky; esa vnkyr dh voekuuk dk eqdnek dk;e dj fn;k x;kA eq>s vkradokfn;ksa ls igys dh [krjk FkkA fQj bl ubZ ifjfLFkfr esa d”ehj tkuk tksf[ke Hkjk FkkA oSls Hkh ;g eqdnek loksPZ p U;k;ky; dks djuk pkfg, FkkA ij tc vnkyrksa us esjh ckr ugha lquh rks eSa Hkwfexr gks x;kA eq>s ^HkxksMk+ vijk/kh* ?kksf’kr dj fn;k x;kA Ms<+ lky Hkwfexr Hkkxus&nkSMu+ s ds ckn] eq>s ns”k NksMd + j Hkkxuk iM+kA baXySM a vkSj vejhdk esa o vU; ns”kksa ds vUrjkZ’Vªh; ehfM;k laxBuksa us esjk Hkjiwj lkFk fn;kA lh-,u-,u- vkSj ch-ch-lh- tSls pSuyksa us nqfu;kHkj esa esjs lk{kkRdkj izlkfjr fd,A urht+ru gkykr dqN cny x, vkSj eSa vkjke ls ns”k ykSV vk;kA rc eq>s yxk fd tc laln] lh-ch-vkbZ- U;k;ikfydk vkSj dqN gn rd ehfM;k Hkh Hkz’Vkpkj ds ekeys ij bl rjg dh pqIih lk/k ysrk gS] rks eSa vdsyk dc rd yM+x aw k\ bl dVq vuqHko ij eSua s ,d vnkyr dh voekuuk dkuwu dk nq:i;ksx*A iqLrd fy[kh ^vnkyr U;k;ikfydk dV?kjs esa %

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eSa eq[; /kkjk ls vyx gVdj czt&o`Unkou ds {ks= esa ikSjkf.kd dq.Mks]a ouksa ioZrksa vkfn dk th.kks) Z kj djus yxkA bZ”oj d`ik ls blesa cM+h lQyrk fey jgh gSA vc tcfd ns”k Hkz’Vkpkj ds loky ij vkUnksfyr gS] rks eSa Hkh Hkxoku jke dh fxygjh dh rjg viuh Hkwfedk fuHkkus ds fy, rS;kj gw¡ vkSj vkUnksyudkfj;ksa ls vius vuqHko Hkh ck¡Vus dks rS;kj gwA¡ ftlls ;g yM+kbZ ijoku p<+ ldsA vkidks uhps fy[kh osclkbVksa ls bu lc dkeksa dh tkudkjh fey tk,xhA vkids iz”uksa o i=ksa dk bartkj jgsxkA osclkbV% www.brajfoundation.org www.vineetnarain.net

320

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

28 tu lrdZrk vk;ksx Hkz’Vkpkj vkSj gokyk dkjksckj ds f[kykQ vktkn Hkkjr ds bl lcls [krjukd vkSj lcls cM+s la?k’kZ dks vdsys yM+rs gq, eq>s yxk fd ,d ,sls laxBu dh t:jr gS] tks gj Lrj ij Hkz’Vkpkj ls yM+ lds vkSj yM+us okyk vdsyk u jg tk,A bl mn~n”s ; ls tuojh] 1999 esa geus fnYyh esa ns”kHkj ds 22 tkus&ekus ØwlMs jksa dks cqyk;k vkSj nks fnu dh cSBd ds ckn ^tu lrdZrk vk;ksx* dk xBu fd;kA rc gekjs ikl lalk/kuksa dk vHkko Fkk vkSj ns”k esa fdlh cM+s vkUnksyu dk ekgkSy ugha cu jgk FkkA eSa Hkh o’kksaZ ls iwjh O;oLFkk ds Hkz’Vkpkj ds f[kykQ yM+r& s yM+rs Fkd pqdk FkkA blfy, bl vk;ksx dks O;kid Lo:i ugha fn;k tk ldkA vycRrk ;g vk;ksx ljdkjh {ks= esa cM+& s cM+s ?kksVkyksa ds fo:) dsUnzh; lrdZrk vk;ksx dks f”kdk;rsa Hkstdj dk;Zokgh djokrk jgkA bl nkSjku ns”k ds vusd jkT;ksa es]a {ks=h; Hkk’kkvksa es]a gj lIrkg eSa jk’Vªfgr ds eqnn~ ksa ij viuk ys[k fy[krk jgkA ftlesa Hkz’Vkpkj ds ekeyksa ij rh[kh fVIi.kh vkSj lek/kku ds fy, lq>ko jgrs FksA eSua s loksPZ p U;k;ikfydk] tfLVl ts-,l- oekZ] jke tsBeykuh] iz”kkar Hkw’k.k vkfn ds ckjs esa Hkh yxkrkj rh[kh fVIif.k;k¡ dhaA ftl rjg bu yksxksa us viuh LokFkZifw rZ ds fy, nks n”kd igys yM+h xbZ ns”k dh lcls cM+h Hkz’Vkpkj fojks/kh yM+kbZ dks iVjh ls mrkjk] mlls eq>s bu yksxksa ls csgn ukjktxh gSA fQj tc tu yksdiky fo/ks;d ysdj ;gh yksx vkxs c<+s rks eq>s yxk fd buds lkfFk;ksa dks lko/kku djus dh vko”;drk gSA dgha os Hkh esjh rjg /kks[kk u [kk tk,aA blfy, eSua s vjfoan dstjhoky] fdj.k csnh o vUuk gtkjs dks le>kus dh dksf”k”k dhA tc buds vuSfrd d`R;ksa dh rF;kRed tkudkjh feyus ds ckn Hkh ;s yksx buls tqMs+ jgs] rks eSua s ns”k dks lko/kku djuk viuk drZO; le>kA blfy, eSa dbZ vaxt sz h vkSj fganh Vh-oh- pSuyksa ij tkdj buds f[kykQ iwjs tksj tu lrdZrk vk;ksx %

321

ls cksykA blls nks ckras gqbAaZ ,d rks ;g yksx fu:Ÿkj gks x;s vkSj ns”k dks buds nksgjs vkpj.k dk dqN vUnktk yxkA ij gj “kks esa vusd oDrkvksa dh ekStnw xh ls gksus okys le;kHkko ds dkj.k Vh-oh- pSuyksa us eq>s iwjh ckr ugha dgus nhA nwljk bu yksxksa us ;g Hkze QSykus dh dksf”k”k dh fd eSa ,slk lŸkk:<+ ny badk dks cpkus ds fy, dj jgk gwA¡ ;g gkL;kLin FkkA D;ksfa d ftl O;fDr ds dkj.k badk ds ntZuksa fnXxt usrk gokyk dkaM esa vkjksfir gksdj ea=h in NksMu+ s dks etcwj gq, gks]a ftlds dkj.k badk dks o’kksaZ lŸkk ls ckgj jguk iM+k gks] ftlds lkIrkfgd ys[kksa esa iwjh fu’i{krk ds lkFk lŸkk:<+ ny lesr] gj ny ij] gj g¶rs csckd fVIi.kh dh tkrh gks] mlds fo’k; esa ,slk vkjksi dSls yxk;k tk ldrk gS\ eq>s dgk x;k fd eSa ^tu yksdiky fcy* dk fojks/k u d:aA eSua s gj pSuy ij ;gh cksyk fd Hkz’Vkpkj ds lek/kku ds fy, ,d yksdiky dkQh ugha gSA yksdra= dh laLFkkvksa dh Lok;Ÿkrk vkSj dk;Z{ks= dks ns[krs gq, U;k;ikfydk dh tckonsgh ds fy, ,d ^U;k;kf;d tckonsgh vk;ksx* dk xBu gksuk pkfg,A dk;Zikfydk ds Hkz’Vkpkj ls fuiVus ds fy, ^dsUnzh; lrdZrk vk;ksx* dk nk;jk O;kid dj mls iwjh Lok;Ÿkrk nsuh pkfg,A fo/kkf;dk ds lnL;ksa ds vkpj.k dh tk¡p ds fy, ^yksdiky* gksuk pkfg, vkSj cM+s vkS|ksfxd ?kjkuks]a vUrjkZ’Vªh; cSd a ksa o flfoy lkslkbVh ds Hkz’Vkpkj dks tk¡pus ds fy, ^foŸkh; tckonsgh vk;ksx* dk xBu fd;k tkuk pkfg,A ftlls gj {ks= dk igjsnkj Lora=rk ls dke dj ldsA fQj lafo/kku ds ekStnw k <kaps esa tks tk¡p djus vkSj ltk nsus dh izfØ;k gS] mls le;c)] ikjn”khZ vkSj izHkkoh cuk;k tk,A blds lkFk gh lekt dh Hkz’Vkpkj ds fo:) le> cukuk Hkh cgqr t:jh gSA dsoy jktusrkvksa dks nks’k nsdj ge Hkz’Vkpkj dh leL;k ls eqDr ugha gks ldrsA fiNys dqN o’kksaZ ls Vh-oh- pSuyksa dh ck<+ vk x;h gSA Vh-vkjih- c<+kus ds pDdj esa ,d&nwljs ls gksM+ yxus yxh gSA ,d ds ckn ,d ?kksVkyksa ij ns”k esa tukØks”k c<+us yxkA ,sls esa ckck jkenso vkSj vUuk gtkjs bl “kwU; dks Hkjus lkeus vk;sA ij nksuksa us gh jktuSfrd 322

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

vifjiDork] vikjn”khZ O;ogkj vkSj nksgjs pfj= ds yksxksa dks lkFk ysdj tc Hkz’Vkpkj ds fo:) “ka[kukn fd;k rks ns”kHkj ls esjs lkfFk;ksa us eq>s etcwj fd;k fd Hkz’Vkpkj ds fo:) ,d yEcs vkSj dfBu la?k’kZ ds vuqHko dks eq>s vkt dh ?kM+h es]a turk ds fgr esa ckaVuk pkfg,A bl mn~n”s ; ls geus ;g iqLrd ckjg o’kZ ckn iqu% Niokus dk fu.kZ; fy;kA lkFk gh gj “kgj vkSj dLcs es]a b.VusV ds ek/;e ls ^tu lrdZrk lfefr;ks*a ds xBu dk Hkh fu.kZ; fy;kA www.peoplesvigilancecommission.org csolkbV ij vkidks bldh foLr`r tkudkjh fey tk,xhA vxj vki Hkh jk’Vª fuekZ.k ds bl vfHk;ku ls tqMu+ k pkgrs gSa rks bl csolkbV ij vkidks lHkh okafNr funs”Z k fey tk,axAs

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% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

29 vihy bl iqLrd dks i<+dj vkidks ;fn ,slk yxs fd ns”k esa ,slh fgEer vkSj ,slk la?k’kZ vktknh ds ckn dksbZ Hkh ugha dj ik;k\ vxj vkidks ,slk yxs fd bl la?k’kZ esa geus fdlh ny vkSj fopkj/kkjk ds izfr fcuk fdlh jkx&}s’k ds dsoy ns”kHkfDr dh Hkkouk ls dke dkypØ lekpkj VªLVV* ,d fd;k gS\ vxj vkidks ,slk yxs fd ^dkypØ ,slh laLFkk gS tks lekt dks izHkkfor djus okys eqn~nksa ij fuHkhZdrk vkSj lPpkbZ ls vkokt cqyUn dj ldrh gS \ vxj vkidks ,slk yxs fd foKkiuksa ds eksgtky ls cps fcuk dksbZ ehfM;k Lora= vkSj fu’i{k i=dkfjrk ugha dj ldrk\ rks vki gekjk lg;ksx vo”; djsaA gekjh bPNk gS fd ge dkypØ lekpkj VªLV dks vkfFkZd :i ls bruk lcy cuk nsa fd ns”k dh gj Hkk’kk esa ,d lkIrkfgd v[kckj vkSj ns”k esa ,d fu’i{k Vh-oh-pSuy [kM+k dj ldsAa ftlesa dsoy vkids fgr dh ckr gksA vki viuh {kerk vuqlkj tks Hkh vkfFkZd lg;ksx djuk pkgs]a mls ^dkypØ lekpkj VªLV* ds ubZ fnYyh esa ns; ØkWLM pSd ;k cSd a Mªk¶V dh ekQZr fuEu irs ij HkstAas bl VªLV dks fn;k x;k lHkh nku vk;dj dh /kkjk 80th ds rgr djeqDr gSA vkidk nku izkIr gksus ds ckn mldh jlhn vkSj vk;dj eqfDr dk izek.k i= vkidks Hkst fn;k tk;sxkA vf/kd tkudkjh ds fy, vki gekjh osclkbV Hkh ns[k ldrs gSAa vkids lg;ksx ds fy, vfxze vkHkkj lfgr & lfpo dkypØ lekpkj VªLV lh&6@28] lQnjtax MsoyiesVa ,fj;k] ubZ fnYyh&110016 Qksu & ¼011½ 26566800 o 26519080 www.kalchakranews.in

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% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

30 ys[kd ifjp; Hkkjr esa ckj&ckj bfrgkl jpk 1996 esa ns'k ds ntZuksa dsUnzh; dSfcusV eaf=;ksa] eq[;eaf=;ksa] jkT;ikyksa o foi{k ds cM+s usrkvksa dks tSu gokyk dkaM esa pktZ'khV djokus dk Js; Jh ukjk;.k dks tkrk gSA Hkkjr ds bfrgkl esa ,slk igyh ckj gqvkA ;g la?k"kZ djrs gq, Jh ukjk;.k us viuh tku ij dbZ geyksa dks >syk] lŸkk ds mPp inksa vkSj djksM+ksa :i;s dh fj'or ds izLrkoksa dks Bqdjk;k vkSj bl la?k"kZ esa vdsys MVs jgsA 1997 esa gokyk dkaM dks jQk&nQk djus esa Hkkjr ds eq[; U;k;kèkh'k dh vuSfrd Hkwfedk dks mtkxj djus esa Hkh mUgksaus ladksp ugha fd;kA 115 djksM+ dh vkcknh okys bl ns'k esa Jh ukjk;.k vdsys i=dkj vkSj ukxfjd gSa ftUgksaus Hkkjr ds rhu inklhu eq[; U;k;kèkh'kksa ds Hkz"Vkpkj dks lizek.k mtkxj djus dh fnysjh fn[kkbZA ftlls ns'k dh U;k;ikfydk esa gM+dEi ep x;kA dsUnzh; lrdZrk vk;qDr o lh-ch-vkbZ- ds funs'kd dh fu;qfDr loksZPp U;k;ky; ds ftl egRoiw.kZ QSlys ds rgr dh tkrh gS mls fouhr ukjk;.k cuke Hkkjr ljdkj ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA lsVsykbV Vh-oh- pSuyksa ds vorj.k ls cgqr igys 1989 esa dkypØ ohfM;ks lekpkj tkjh dj Jh ukjk;.k us Hkkjr esa Lora= fgUnh Vhoh i=dkfjrk dh LFkkiuk dhA 1986 esa nwjn'kZu ij vius Vh-oh- 'kks lp dh ijNkabZ ds ek/;e ls mUgksaus ns'k esa igyh ckj [kksth Vh-oh-i=dkfjrk dh 'kq:vkr dhA

ys[kd ifjp; %

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% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

Jh ukjk;.k us 1987 esa fd;k lQy Vh-oh- dSfj;j dk R;kx--1986&87 esa Jh ukjk;.k us nwjn”kZu ds jk’Vªh; usVodZ ij izfl) Vhoh “kks ^lp dh ijNkbZ* izLrqr fd;kA ;g ns”k dk [kksth Vhoh i=dkfjrk ij vk/kkfjr igyk vkSj vdsyk dk;ZØe FkkA vc rd nwjn”kZu jaxhu gks pqdk Fkk vkSj ns”k ds dksus&dksus esa igq¡p jgk FkkA bysDVªkWfud ehfM;k esa Lora=rk dh ubZ laLd`fr “kq: djus ds mRlkg esa rRdkyhu iz/kkuea=h Jh jktho xka/kh us nwjn”kZu ds dqN dk;ZØeksa dks dkQh Lora=rk nhA nwjn”kZu ij ,sls dbZ dk;ZØe “kq: fd, x,A Jh fouksn nqvk us tuok.kh dk;ZØe esa LVwfM;ks esa cSBdj jktusrkvksa ls loky fd,A lqJh fiz; rsanqydj us Hkz’Vkpkj ls yM+us ds dbZ ukVd ^jtuh* dk;ZØe ds rgr is”k fd,A Jh ,ets vdcj us ^U;wt ykbu* o Jh iz.ko jk; us ^oYMZ fnl ohd* izLrqr fd;kA tcfd lqJh ufyuh flag o Jh ukjk;.k us ckjh ckjh ls ^lp dh ijNkbZ* uke dk dk;ZØe izLrqr fd;kA tgk¡ lqJh ufyuh flag us viuh [kkst dks fnYyh dh lhekvksa esa cka/kdj j[kk ogha Jh ukjk;.k nwjn”kZu dh dSejk Vhe ysdj ns”k ds lqnwj bykdksa esa fudy x, vkSj mUgksaus vyx&vyx izkra ksa esa tkdj ljdkj }kjk pykbZ tk jgh fofHkUu fodkl ;kstukvksa ds fØ;kaou dh tehuh iM+rky dhA mudh rh[kh izLrqfr;ksa ls ns”k dh mPp inklhu ukSdj”kkgh esa gM+dai ep x;kA fouhr ukjk;.k dks Vh-ohij yEcs&lqugjs Hkfo’; dk liuk fn[kkdj viuk geyk de rh[kk djus dh lykg nh xbZA ij ukjk;.k ns”k dh turk ds fgr esa mlh rjg tqVs jgsA mudh izLrqfr;ksa ij izsl dh fVIif.k;ka%

^^iSuh utj vkSj tehuh gdhdr ls tqM+h fouhr ukjk;.k dh izLrqfr dk yksxksa dks mRlqdrk ls bartkj jgrk gSA** n fgUnqLrku VkbEl ys[kd ifjp; %

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^^fouhr ukjk;.k dh ^lp dh ijNkbZ* “kgjh vkokl dh leL;k [kkstus fnYyh dh lhekvksa ls cgqr nwj rd xbZA ;g bl i[kokM+s bafM;u ,DlizSl dk loZJs’B dk;ZØe FkkA*** *^lkseokj] 15 flracj 1986 dks nwjn”kZu ds jk’Vªh; dk;ZØe esa ^lp dh ijNkbZ* dk;ZØe us [kksth i=dkfjrk dk Js’B uewuk izLrqr nh fgUnw fd;kA*** *^gl g¶rs ¼lp dh ijNkbZ esa½ cky Jfedkas dh leL;k dks cgqr gh izHkko”kkyh <ax ls izLrqr fd;k x;kA blesa ckyJfedksa ls jkspd lk{kkRdkj Fks o muds vfHkHkkodksa us viuh etcwjh crkbZ A lkFk gh lkekftd laxBuksa vkSj ljdkjh vf/kdkfj;ksa ls Hkh bl fo’k; ij ckr dh xbZ ftUgksaus ek¡&cki ds utfj, esa cnyko dh t:jr ij nh VsyhxzkQ tksj fn;kA** *^lp dh ijNkbZ dk;ZØe viuh lathnxh ds dkj.k cgqr vkxs gSA blls lkQ fn[krk gS fd fouhr ukjk;.k xgu “kks/k djds o rh[ks lk{kkRdkj ysdj lkjh lkexzh dks cM+h esgur ls izLrqr djrs gSaA** flVh LdSu ^^bl ckj ^lp dh ijNkbZ* dk;ZØe okLro esa ijNkb;ksa esa ls lp dks [kkst dj yk;kA ;g dk;ZØe u dsoy lwpukizn Fkk cfYd ,d vPNh Vhoh fjiksVZ dh lHkh fo”ks’krkvksa dks fy, gq, FkkA blls ;g fo”okl n`< gksrk gS fd ;fn nwjn”kZu pkgs rks og okLrfod leL;kvksa ds izfr jk’Vª dk /;ku vkdf’kZr dj ldrk gSA fouhr ukjk;.k us cgqr gh la;e Hkk’kk esa lkjs dk;ZØe dks izLrqr fd;kA** tulÙkk

330

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

fodkl izkf/kdj.kksa ds Hkz’Vkpkj dks mtkxj djus okys muds ,d dk;ZØe esa ls vius Hkz’Vkpkj dk dojst gVokus esa ukdke ,d izHkko”kkyh vf/kdkjh us tc mUgsa vusd izyksHkuksa vkSj jktuSfrd ncko ls jksduk pkgk rks Hkh fouhr fcds ughaA etcwju ljdkj us bl dk;ZØe dk izlkj.k Vky fn;kA bl ij laln esa loky mBs vkSj fouhr ukjk;.k us izsl oDrO; tkjh dj ljdkjh fu;U=.k okys nwjn”kZu ij] bruh lQyrk fey pqdus ds ckotwn] dqN u izLrqr djus dh dle [kkbZA bl rjg [kksth Vhoh i=dkfjrk ds vk/kkj LraHk gksrs gq, Hkh vius Vh-oh-dSfj;j dk cfynku dj fn;kA tcfd nwljs yksx Vh-oh- ek/;eksa ls tqM+s jgs vkSj vkt os Vh-oh- txr dh izeq[k gfLr;ka vkSj pSuyksa ds ekfyd cu pqds gSaA rc v[kckjksa us fy[kk& ^^;g vk'p;Ztud yx ldrk gS] ij gekjs lekt esa vkt Hkh ,sls fl)karoknh yksx gSa tks dM+k :[k viukus dks rS;kj jgrs gSa vkSj vius ewY;ksa o vkn'kksZa dh dher ij le>kSrk djus dks jkth ugha gksrsA viSzy 1987 esa tc [kksth dk;ZØe ^lp dh ijNkbZ;ka* nwjn”kZu vf/kdkfj;ksa }kjk jksd fn;k x;k Fkk rks mlds izksM~;wlj vkSj Vh-oh- o lekpkj i=ksa ls tqM+s i=dkj fouhr ukjk;.k us ljdkjh fu;U=.k okys ehfM;k ij rc rd dqN ugha is”k djus dh dle [kkbZ] tc rd mls LorU= u cuk fn;k tk, vkSj og T;knk yksdrkaf=d rjhds ls dke u djus yxsA bl ckr dks 3 o’kZ ls T;knk gks x, gSa ij Jh ukjk;.k viuh ckr ij n`<+rk ls dk;e gSaA** Vh-oh- ,.M ohfM;ks oYM oYMZ ¼eqEcbZ½ 31 ekpZ] 1990 Jh ukjk;.k us 1989 esa dh Hkkjr esa fgUnh Vh-oh- i=dkfjrk dh LFkkiuk--ys[kd ifjp; %

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% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

vkt ns”k ij Nk, lSVykbV Vsyhfotu pSuyksa ds vorj.k ls cgqr igys gh Jh ukjk;.k us 1989 esa ^dkypØ* uke ls ns'k dh igyh fganh ohfM;ks if=dk dk fuekZ.k dj Hkkjr esa Lora= fgUnh Vhoh i=dkfjrk dh LFkkiuk dh vkSj ehfM;k vkSj jktuhfr ds {ks= esa gypy epk nh FkhA muds iz;klksa dks fQYe lsalj cksMZ ls ckj&ckj jksdk x;k ij mUgksaus gkj ugha ekuhA eqEcbZ ds nks izfl) fQYe fuekZrkvksa us dkypØ ohfM;ks dks ns[kdj rc fy[kk Fkk& ^^eq>s dkypØ cgqr gh jkspd vkSj lkspus ij etcwj djus okyk yxkA esjh lykg gS fd vki blds LVkby esa dksbZ cnyko u djsa rkfd fu’i{k ,oa Bksl [kcjsa lkeus vk ldsaA** Jh chvkj pksiM+k] ch-vkj-fQYel ^^dkypØ izHkko”kkyh cuk gS bldk ;gh Lrj cuk, jf[k,A** Jh xqy'ku jk; f=ewfrZ fQYel ^^dkypØ esa NksVh fdarq rh[kh fjiksVZ gSaA [kkl ckr ;g gS fd dkypØ mu eqíksa dks mBkrk gS ftUgsa nwjn”kZu ckal Hkj dh nwjh ls Hkh ugha Nq,xkA** bafM;u ,Dlizsl 8 vizSy 1990 ^^laosnu”khy vkSj Toyar eqíksa ij dkypØ }kjk lPpkbZ dh ryk”k fuf”pr :i ls fganh Vhoh i=dkfjrk ds {ks= esa ,d u, ;qx dh “kq:vkr gSA** nS f ud tkxj.k ekpZ 1990 ^^dkypØ esa mu lokyksa ls turk dks voxr djk;k x;k gS ftls ns”k ds ehfM;k okys utjankt dj jgs gSaA** vej mtkyk vizSy 16] 1990 ys[kd ifjp; %

333

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% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

^^dkypØ esa fNis dSejs dk iz;ksx og fo/kk gS ftls nwjn'kZu vHkh ugha lh[k ik;k gSA** VkbELk vkQ bf.M;k 1 viSzy] 1990 Jh ukjk;.k ds vykok vkt rd fdlus fgEer fn[kkbZ Hkkjr ds eq[; U;k;k/kh'k ds Hkz"Vkpkj dks mtkxj djus dh\ fouhr ukjk;.k us xgu [kkst djds Qjojh 2000 esa vaxzsth ikf{kd ^dkypØ* esa Hkkjr ds rRdkyhu eq[; U;k;/kh”k Mk- ,,l vkuan ds Hkz’Vkpkj dh lizek.k fjiksVZ NkihA ,slh fgEer vktknh ds ckn vkt rd fdlh Hkh i=dkj us ugha fn[kkbZ FkhA brus izek.k lkeus vkus ds ckotwn vk”p;Ztud :i ls ns”k dk ehfM;k] loksZPp U;k;ky; dh ckWj vkSj lkaln Hkh bl xaHkhj elys ij [kkeks”k jgsA vnkyr dh voekuuk dkuwu dk ,slk Mj ns”k esa cSBk gS fd lc dqN ns[k&lqu dj Hkh dksbZ i=dkj ;k vke ukxfjd U;kikfydk ds Hkz’Vkpkj ij maxyh mBkus dk fgEer ugha djrkA Jh ukjk;.k us fgEer ugha gkjh vkSj ,d lkekftd dk;ZdrkZ ds rjg g¶rksa laln] loksZPp U;k;ky;] fnYyh ds ehfM;k lfdZy o fo”ofo|ky;ksa esa [kqn gj njokts ij tkdj ipsZ ckaVs vkSj yksxksa dks tkudkjh nhA dqN cqf)thfo;ksa dks NksM+dj T;knkrj yksx U;k;ikfydk ls brus vkrafdr Fks fd bl xaHkhj iz”u ij viuh iwjh lgefr gksrs gq, Hkh [kqydj lkeus vkus dks rS;kj u FksA viuh reke vihyksa dk dksbZ ifj.kke u ns[kdj Jh ukjk;.k us jk’Vªifr dks ;g fjiksVZ Hkst nhA ftUgksaus mls rRdkyhu dkuwu ea=h Jh jke tsBeykuh ds ikl HkstkA Jh tsBeykuh us tkap djus ij ik;k fd Jh ukjk;.k }kjk Mk- vkuan ij yxk, x, Hkz’Vkpkj ds vkjksi lgh FksA dkuwu ea=h us Hkkjr ds eq[; U;k;/kh”k ls bl ekeys ij mudh fVIi.kh ekaxhA ckS[kyk, Mk- vkuan us iz/kkuea=h Jh vVy fcgkjh cktis;h ij ncko Mkydj dkuwu ea=h dh gh Nqêh ys[kd ifjp; %

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djok nhA blls ;g fookn xgjk x;kA bl rjg Jh ukjk;.k dh [kksth i=dkfjrk jax ykbZ vkSj bl fookn ds dkj.k varjk’Vªh; Lrj ij] ehfM;k esa mudh bl fjiksVZ dh [kcjsa NihA bl ,sfrgkfld lQyrk ls mRlkfgr gksdj Jh ukjk;.k us Mk- vkuan ls tqM+s dbZ nwljs tehu ?kksVkyksa dks Hkh dkypØ esa NkikA Jh ukjk;.k dh bl cs[kkSQ i=dkfjrk ls fp<dj Mk- vkuan us mUgsa lcd fl[kkus dh BkuhA mu ij tEew d”ehj mPp U;k;ky; esa vnkyr dh voekuuk dk ,d eqdnek dk;e dj fn;k x;kA bl eqdnesa esa Hkkjr ds eq[; U;k;/kh”k ds fo:) dkypØ esa Nih fjiksVksaZ ds ,d xSj&egRoiw.kZ va”k dk gh laKku fy;k x;kA tcfd eq[; vkjksiksa dh mis{kk dj nh xbZA gkykafd tEew d”ehj gkbZdksVZ tkM+ksa esa tEew ls gh dke djrk gS fQj Hkh Jh ukjk;.k dks tkucw>dj Mjkus ds edln ls tuojh 2001 esa] vkradokn ls xzLr vkSj cQZ ls <ds Jhuxj esa is”k gksus ds vkns”k fn, x,A ;g tkurs gq, Hkh fd Jh ukjk;.k us 1993 esa d”ehj ds fgtcqy eqtkfgíhu vkradoknh laxBu dks fey jgh voS/k foÙkh; fons”kh enn dk inkZQk”k fd;k Fkk] mUgsa fcuk lqj{kk dh xkjaVh fn, Jhuxj esa eqdnesa ds var rd ekStwn jgus ds vViVs vkns”k fn, x,A vrhr esa dbZ o’kksaZ rd Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk iznÙk okbZ Js.kh dh lqj{kk esa jgs Jh ukjk;.k dh lqj{kk laca/kh fpark dks utjankt dj fn;k x;kA bl eqdnesa dks fdlh nwljs jkT; esa LFkkukarj.k djus dh mudh vihy Hkh Bqdjk nh xbZA mYys[kuh; gS fd Hkkjr ds iwoZ iz/kkuea=h Jh ohih flag us Hkh ijaijk ls gVdj loksZPp U;k;ky; ls tufgr esa vihy djrs gq, fy[kk] ^^Jh fouhr ukjk;.k] laiknd dkypØ] tufgr ds fy, viuh tku dk tksf[ke mBkrs gq, Hkh yacs le; ls yM+rs jgs gSaA ;fn mu ij ;g eqdnek pykuk t:jh gh gks rks mls fnYyh mPp U;k;ky; esa VªkalQj dj fn;k tk,A^^ ij mudh Hkh vihy dh mis{kk dj nh xbZA Jh ukjk;.k dks HkxksM+k vijk/kh ?kksf’kr dj fn;k 336

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

x;kA mUgsa fxj¶rkj djus ds fy, tEew iqfyl }kjk muds ?kj vkSj n¶rj ij Nkis Mkys x,A muds vkfQl dks vVSp dj fn;k x;kA ,sls gkykrksa esa viuh tkucpkus dss fy, Jh ukjk;.k dks etcwju fons”k Hkkxuk iM+kA mUgksua s bXySM a vkSj vejhdk esa tkdj varjkZ’Vªh; ehfM;k dks vkichrh lqukbZA tgka mUgsa Hkkjh leFkZu feykA chchlh vkSj lh,u,u tSls e”kgwj Vhoh pSuyksa ij muds lk{kkRdkj izlkfjr gq,A urhtru vejhdk vkSj ;wjksi ds i=dkjksa dss reke e”kgwj laxBuksa us Jh ukjk;.k ds leFkZu esa c;ku tkjh fd, vkSj Hkkjr ds jk’Vªifr vkSj iz/kkuea=h dks dM+s fojks/k i= fy[ksA blds lkFk gh Jh ukjk;.k dks ogha bXySaM ;k vejhdk esa jktuSfrd “kj.k ysdj jgus dh lykg nh xbZA bl laca/k esa gj lgk;rk eqgS;k djkus dk mUgsa vk”oklu Hkh feykA ij ekr`Hkwfe dh lsok dks rRij Jh ukjk;.k Hkkjr ykSV vk,A bldk ifj.kke ;g gqvk fd mPp U;k;ikfydk esa QSyrs Hkz’Vkpkj dh lPpkbZ dks Mk- vkuan ds ckn cus Hkkjr ds eq[; U;k;/kh”k Jh ,lih Hk:pk us lkoZfud :i ls Lohdkj fd;kA ns”k esa vnkyr voekuuk dkuwu ds nq:i;ksx ij ,d cgl pyiM+hA ns”k ds reke e”kgwj i=dkjksa us flracj 2001 esa ,d lk>s c;ku ij gLrk{kj dj lkalnksa ls bl dkuwu esa la”kks/ku dh ekax dhA bl rjg Jh ukjk;.k us reke [krjs mBkdj loksPZ p U;k;ikfydk ds Hkz’V lnL;ksa ls vdsys tw> dj fuHkhZd i=dkfjrk dk u;k dhfrZeku LFkkfir fd;kA

^^fiNys nks o’kksaZ esa fouhr ukjk;.k aus vuqdj.kh; lkgl dk ifjp; nsrs gq,] i=dkfjrk dh lkekU; lhekvksa ls ijs tkdj] mPp U;k;kikfydk ds Hkz’Vkpkj dks Hkh mtkxj fd;kA muds iz;klksa ls ^vnkyr dh voekuuk dkuwu* dk nq:i;ksx ,d eqík cu x;k gSA** U;k;wewfrZ Jh ih-ch- lkoar izSl dkmafly vkWQ bafM;k ds v/;{k o loksZPp U;k;y; ds iwoZ U;k;k/kh'k ys[kd ifjp; %

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% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

Hkxoku Jh jk/kkd`".k dh yhykHkwfe czt {ks= dks ltkus& laokjus dh ,sfrgkfld eqfge--Jh ukjk;.k gj lIrkg ns'k ds 22 jkT;ksa ds yksdfiz; nSfud v[kckjksa esa lelkekf;d fo"k;ksa ij fu;fer iSus ys[k fy[krs gSaA ij vkradokn vkSj Hkz"Vkpkj ds mPp Lrjh; xBtksM+ ds f[kykQ ,d [krjukd vkSj yEch yM+kbZ yM+us ds ckn mUgsa yxk fd dsoy vkykspuk djuk gh Bhd ugha gS] dqN Bksl dke tehu ls tqM+dj Hkh djuk pkfg,A cztoklh gksus ds ukrs mudk czt ls LokHkkfod yxko gSA xgoj ou cjlkuk ds fojDr lar Jh jes'k ckck dh izsj.kk ls 2002 ls Jh ukjk;.k us Loa; dks Hkxoku ds fuR; /kke cztHkwfe dh lSadM+ksa yhykLFkfy;ksa ds th.kksZ)kj ds fy, lefiZr dj fn;k gSA Jhth dh d`ik o lar d`ik ls dqN gh o"kksZa esa Jh ukjk;.k vkSj mudh lefiZr Vhe us czt eas vHkwriwoZ dk;Z lEiUu fd;s gSA mudh laLFkk ^n cz t Qkm.Ms ' ku ¼ www.brajfoundation.org ½* Hkxoku Jhjk/kkd`".k dh yhykvksa ls tqM+s czt ds 137 ouksa] 1000 ,sfrgkfld dq.Mksa] 72 oxZ fd-eh- fnO; ioZrksa] xksoa'k] ,sfrgkfld Hkouksa o Jh ;equk th ds th.kksZ)kj esa jkr&fnu tqVh gSA bl Qkm.Ms'ku ds laLFkkid ns'k&fons'k ds tkus ekus m|ksxifr o Jh ukjk;.k gSaA blesa ns'k ds izfrf"Br laLFkkuksa ls i<+s vusd ;ksX; ;qok jkr&fnu dke dj jgs gSaA cM+s m|ksxifr] lkoZtfud miØe o lkaln vius dks"kksa ls bls /ku ns jgs gSaA ;g lc Jh ukjk;.k ds leiZ.k] dYiuk'khyrk] l`tukRedrk] ferO;rk o ikjnf'kZrk ls izHkkfor gSaA mRrj izns'k] jktLFkku] gfj;k.kk o dsUnz ljdkj ds cM+s ea=h vkSj vQlj Hkh muds dkeksa dks ns[kdj dkQh izHkkfor gSa vkSj vius mn~xkjksa dks ehfM;k esa O;Dr djrs jgrs gSaA os Qkm.Ms'ku dks gj rjg ls lg;ksx Hkh dj jgs gSaA ys[kd ifjp; %

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czt Qkm.Ms'ku vc rd czt esa 36 fnO; dq.Mksa dk th.kks) Z kj dj pqdh gSA nks ouksa dks ltk pqdh gSA ;equk ds dksby Z s ?kkV dks HkO; :i çnku dj pqfd gSA rhu ,sfrgkfld Hkouksa dk th.kks) Z kj dj pqdh gSA oÙnkou ds [k.Mgj iM+s czã dq.M dks czt dk lokZf/kd vkd"kZd dq.M cuk pqdh gSA ftls ns[kus gtkjksa yksx jkst vk jgs gSAa lkjs czt dk vHkwriwoZ oSKkfud los{Z k.k o v/;;u djok pqdh gS vkSj ;g dk;Z tkjh gSA m-iz-'kklu ds fy, czt ds i;ZVu dk 2 gtkj djksM+ dk ekLVj Iyku cukdj ns pqdh gSA [kkjs ikuh ls xzLr nks xk¡o esa ehBs is;ty dh ;kstuk ykxw dj pqdh gSA czt dh laLd`fr vkSj fodkl dh izfØ;k ij vusdksa fQYesa cukdj mUgsa Vh-oh- pSuyksa ij izlkfjr djok pqdh gSA ftlls czt ds ckjs esa iwjs fo'o esa psruk QSyAs vusd ikjaifjd mRloksa dks iqu% izkjEHk dj pqdh gS o czt ds fnO; ioZrksa dh j{kk ds vkUnksyu esa lQy gks pqdh gSA tks Hkh cztHkwfe dks ltkus ds bl fnO; vfHk;ku ls tqMu+ k pkgs mudk Lokxr gSA ^ôÙnkou ds ,sfrgkfld czã dq.M dk th.kksZ)kj rhoz xfr ls tkjh gSA bl v’Vdks.kh; dq.M ds ?kkVksa dk iqufuekZ.k fd;k x;k gS---Qkm.Ms”ku }kjk fiNys o’kZ fd;s x;s [kqnkbZ ds dk;ksZa ds dkj.k gksMYk dk vatuh dq.M vkSj NVhdjk dk x:<+ xksfoUn dq.M ikuh ls yckyc Hkjs gSaA** n VkbEl vkWQ bf.M;k ¼y[kuÅ½] tqykbZ 27] 2008 ^^czt ds th.kksZ)kj ds dk;Z esa Loa;lsoh laLFkk czt Qkm.Ms”ku us usr`Ro laHkky j[kk gS] ftlesa bathfu;j] ty fo”ks’kK o lkS ls vf/kd LFkkuh; Loa;lsod iqjkus ljkscjksa dks [kksndj vius ty lzksrksa dks iqu% tkx`r dj jgs gSaA ;s tu psruk dks Hkh txk jgs gSaA** n VsyhxzkQ ¼dksydkrk½] tqykbZ 2] 2008 ^^Loa;lsoh laxBu n czt Qkm.Ms”ku us 5000 o’kZ iqjkus dq.Mksa ds th.kksZ)kj dk chM+k mBk fy;k gSA** nDdu gSjkYM ¼caxyw:½ twu 29] 2008 340

% Hkz’Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj gokyk dkjksckj

th.kksZ)kj ls iwoZ czã dq.M ¼o`Unkou½

th.kksZ)kj ds ckn czã dq.M ¼o`Unkou½

th.kksZ)kj ls iwoZ o`’kHkkuq dq.M ¼cjlkuk½

th.kksZ)kj ds ckn o`’kHkkuq dq.M ¼cjlkuk½

th.kksZ)kj ls iwoZ xgoj ou ¼cjlkuk½

th.kksZ)kj ds ckn xgoj ou ¼cjlkuk½

th.kksZ)kj ls iwoZ dksbZys ?kkV ¼eFkqjk½

th.kksZ)kj ds ckn dksbZys ?kkV ¼eFkqjk½

16 tuojh] 1996 dks ns”k esa igyh ckj dsUnzh; eaf=;ksa dks gokyk dkaM esa pktZ”khV djokus ds ckn loksZPp U;k;ky; ls ckgj vkrs fouhr ukjk;.k] lg;ksxh jtuh”k diwj o vehuk “ksjokuh

loksZPp U;k;ky; ds ckgj gokyk dsl ij Vh-oh- o fizaV i=dkjksa dks baVjO;w nsrs ys[kd

fHkykbZ ¼NÙkhlx<½ ds yk[kksa etnwjksa dh tulHkk dks lacksf/kr djrs gq, ys[kd

vkBos a vf[ky Hkkjrh; yksdk;qDr lEesyu dks nsgjknwu esa lEcksf/kr djrs gq, ys[kd ¼2004½

t;iqj ¼jktLFkku½ ds izSl Dyc es a i=dkjks a dks ^vnkyr dh voekuuk dkuwu* ds nq:i;ksx ds ckjs esa crkrs gq, ukjk;.k] lkFk gSa jktho nhf{kr

U;w;kZd esa Hkkjrh; ewy ds m|ksxifr;ksa ds chp gokyk dkaM ij laHkk’k.k ds ckn ys[kd

Hkkjr ds iwoZ x`gea=h] eqEcbZ ds iq f yl vk;q D r o egkuxj ¼eq E cbZ ½ ds lEiknd fnYyh ds dkWULVhV~;w'ku Dyc esa bl iqLrd ds 1999 laLdj.k dk yksdkiZ.k djrs gq, m-iz- ds odhyksa ds izkarh; lEesyu dkss y[kuÅ esa lacksf/kr djrs gq, m-iz- ds eq[;ea=h] bykgkckn mPp U;k;ky; ds U;k;ewfrZx.k o ys[kd ¼1995½ gSnjkckn ¼vka/kz izns'k½ ds ykycgknqj 'kkL=h LVsfM;e esa ,d fo'kky tu lHkk dks lEcksf/kr djrs gq, egkjk"Vª ds lekt lq/kkjd Jh vUuk gtkjs o ys[kd ¼1997½

ijekFkZ fudsru] +_f"kds'k dh Jh xaxk vkjrh esa lar Jh fpnkuUn Lokeh dh mifLFkfr esa HkDr lekt dks lEcks f /kr djrs gq , ys[kd fllkSyh] if”peh m-iz- esa Hkkjrh; fdlku ;wfu;u ds lEesyu dks lEcksf/kr djrs gq, ys[kd o Jh egsUnz flag fVdSr

iqjh ¼mM+hlk½ dh fo”kky tulHkk dks lacksf/kr djrs gq, Hkkjr ds rRdkyhu eq[; pquko vk;qDr Jh Vh-,u“ks’ku o fouhr ukjk;.k ¼1995½ bafM;u baLVhV~;wV vkWQ eSustesaV ¼vgenkckn½ ds 1971 cSp dks lacksf/kr djrs gq, ys[kd o Jherh fdj.k csnh

xk;=h ifjokj ds v'oes?k ;K vkaoyk[ksMk+ ¼vkxjk½ ds eap ij la?k ds Jh ds-,l-lqn'kZu] MkWiz.ko ikaM~;k o ys[kd ¼1995½ eqca bZ ds QkbusfU”k;y lsDVj ds ofj’B lnL;ksa dks gksVy rkt esa lEcksf/kr djrs gq, ys[kd

ukxiq j fo”ofo|ky; ¼egkjk’Vª½ ds ehfM;k Dyc esa Nk=ksa o i=dkjksa dks lacksf/kr djrs gq, ys[kd

fnYyh ds izsl Dyc esa i=dkjksa dks lacksf/kr djrs gq, ys[kd

y[kuÅ ds flfoy lfoZl Dyc esa m-iz- ds vkbZ-,-,lvf/kdkfj;ksa dks lacksf/kr djrs gq, ys[kd

tokgjyky us g : fo”ofo|ky;] ubZ fnYyh ds Nk=ksa dks lEcksf/kr djrs gq, fdj.k csnh] ys[kd o eqEcbZ ds pfpZr egkuxj ikfydk vk;qDr th-vkj[kSjukj laslj ds joS;s ds fo:) i=dkjksa dks lacksf/kr djrs gq, ys[kd

Hknzd ¼vksMh”kk½ ds dkWyst v/;kidksa dks lacksf/kr djrs gq, ys[kd

rRdkyhu eq [ ; pq u ko vk;qDr Jh Vh-,u-”ks’ku ds lkFk uks,Mk esa ,d tulHkk dks lacksf/kr djrs gq, ys[kd

Hkqous”oj ds gokbZ vM~Ms ij i=dkjksa dks lacksf/kr djrs gq, ys[kd

esjB fo”ofo|ky; esa iwyksdlHkk v/;{k Jh jfo jk; ys[kd dks lEefur djrs gq,

fnYyh fo”ofo|ky; Nk= la?k dh fo”kky lHkk dks lEcksf/kr djrs gq, ys[kd] ds-ts-,yQkWl a ] xksfoUnkpk;Z] th-vkj-[kSjukj o vtquZ flag

,-Mh-vkj-vkbZ-] iVuk esa cqf)thfo;ksa dh lHkk dks lEcksf/kr djrs gq, ys[kd

jktLFkku ds iz e q [ k nSfud uo T;ksfr }kjk vtesj ds Vkmu gkWy esa vk;ksftr ,d fo”kky tulHkk dks lEcksf/kr djrs gq, ys[kd bankSj ¼e-iz-½ esa Jethoh i=dkj la?k }kjk vk;ksftr izcq)tuksa ds lekxe dks lacksf/kr djrs gq, ys[kd

cM+knS k ¼xqtjkr½ esa ,d fo”kky tulHkk dks lacksf/kr djrs ys[kd

ehfM;k dh jk; ^^vxj fouhr ukjk;.k us “kq: ls gh bl ekeys ij bruh xaHkhjrk ls /;ku ugha fn;k gksrk rks bls ges”kk ds fy, nQu dj fn;k x;k gksrkA Hkkjr dh iwjh i=dkj fcjknjh mudh _.kh gS vkSj mudh fuHkhZdrk o la?k’kZ ds fy, mudk vfHkuanu djrh gSA*^ iatkc dsljh ¼tkya/kj½ flracj 25] 1995 ^^Jh ukjk;.k dks vkt] okVjxsV dkaM dk HkkaMkQksM+ djus okys i=dkjksa dkyZ clZVus o ckWc oqMoMZ dk Hkkjrh; i;kZ; ekuk tk jgk gSA** nh LVsV~leSu ¼dksydkrk½ viSzy 13] 1996 ^^fdlh nwljs ns”k esa bl ?kksVkys us rwQku epk fn;k gksrkA Hkkjr esa ;g dsoy cqycqys iSnk dj jgk gSA** nh bdkWuksfeLV ¼yanu½ flracj 16] 1995