SYSTEM x EXPERIENCE - Jun Ito Columbia GSAPP Master of Architecture Portfolio

E X P E R I SYSTEM N C E

JUN ITO GSAPP 2021

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The comprehensive statement that I have argued through m y d e si g n st ud i o a t G S APP i s "SYSTEM x EXPERIENCE." On the one hand, how could an experiential demand define an architectural concept by driving a spatial or programmatical system? On the other hand, what architectural system could be applied to a p roj e ct t o i nd uce (un)i nt e nt i ona l ex periences? H ow d oe s t he sche m e i nf l ue nce or expand into the context and broader society? These two design intentions usually coincide or alternately circulate during the elaboration of t he p rop osa l . N one t he l e ss, i n this portfolio, the projects are categorized based on which direction is prominent to crystalize the t he ore t i ca l conce p t .

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N U CL EAR S AFAR I advanced studio vi

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advanced studio v

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L IVIN G ACR O S S L AYER S core studio iii

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U N VEIL B EHIN D B IL L B OAR D core studio i

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NUCLEAR SAFARI Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster, Japan; the myth of the safety of nuclear power plants was corrupted by a great Tsunami on March 11th, 2011. I speculate the proposal “Decommissioning Safari” offers the public an opportunity to jump into the forbidden zone by exposing live labor as a cultural object to be seen. The extreme activities might be seen as dark tourism, but rather, I argue this is a didactic and evidentiary project through spectacular encounters with sci-fi-like operations, workers’ safety protocol, and the reactors themselves. This helps them to visualize the invisible radiation hazard and the “Godzilla” that humans made.

It also provides another type of safari after decommissioning is done.

In “Re-wilding Safari,” the new objects of observation will shift to the labor of care/cure of wildlife around the site. It starts holding a monumental aspect, telling “radiation shadow” on wildlife, which humans caused. Although the way of observing and the object have changed (observation paradigm shift), throughout the two phases, this project attempts to expose the “chemical modernity” of the nuclear incident in a pedagogical manner, by showing cultural aspects (labor) through extraordinary experiences (safari).

Columbia GSAPP, 2021 Spring Individual work Instructor | Mark Wasiuta

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DECOMMISSIONING SAFARI 2030

RE-WILDING SAFARI 2100

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LABOR AS CULTURE - People will recognize the radiation management and effects by observing two types of lens: decommissioning labor in the near future and caring/curing labor in the far future.

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LEISURE at ICBM SILO Before diving into Fukushima, I explored ICBM silos in the USA focusing on cultural concentration. Missile bases commissioned in 1960-80 had a huge underground complex. After decommissioned, the facilities were converted to other functions, such as a museum, residential, or even scuba diving spot or secret LSD lab. Interestingly, each program took over a slightly different feature of the original function; extracting “history,” it became a museum; “secrecy” led to a giant LSD lab, etc. The left collage illustrates the gap or conflict between high tension under Cold War and relaxing modern leisure. Historical serious events can be taken over by leisure.

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GROUND ZERO Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant was built as one of the largest ones in the world in 1967. In 2011, the earthquake and tsunami destroyed its safety system. The next day, the reactor buildings exploded, which caused radiation to scatter. This zone is highly contaminated. Uranium fuel and debris stay inside of the reactor and keep emitting radiation. The removal has not even started yet, and the decommissioning process will take 30 or 40 more years. Now, hazmat suits and radiation monitoring are the most important self-protection way for workers.

The left image is an attempt to visualize invisible radiation scattering from the N U C L E A R S A FA R I

container of the reactor.

source: New York Times

source: Wikipedia

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URANIUM MOLECULE

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(UN)OPERATED Before the incident workers sat next to the reactor and maneuvered it. The four walls were supposed to keep safety in any situation.

However, the tsunami caused stopping the water supply, which was crucial. Until water was resupplied, uncontrollable uranium fission lasted.

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Phase 1:

Objects: Nuclear fuel/debris removal operation, workers’ safety protocol, water treatment

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DECOMMISSIONING SAFARI

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SITE / PROGRAM A loop-shaped structure is inserted to enclose three reactors. It has a double spiral circulation of labor and safari. The two programs are intertwined. Besides, the structure works as a water treatment system, which is discharged from the reactors.

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WATER AS A PROTECTION APPARATUS The right image shows the exact process starting 2021. In order to protect workers and visitors, water walls, roof, or cylinder is injected into the system. Considering the risk of uranium fission that emits neutrons, water or concrete is selected. As Labor needs more protection, and safari wants more visibility, the water wall is push-andpulled to negotiate the space and satisfy the requirements.

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WATER AS AN OBSERVATION APPARATUS The labor and safari are integrated generating more interaction. Water is also used for observation purposes for both workers and visitors. When the water wall runs between the safari zone and labor one, visitors will observe these sci-fi-like operations beyond the water wall. Usually, these operations are unknown or hidden to the public, yet I argue this project offers didactic experiences, unveiling the sophisticated chemical maneuvering.

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SPECTACULAR ENCOUNTERS Riding on a boat and looking down the machines or even the “ground-zero,” inside of the reactor itself.

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WATER AS TRANSPORT MEDIUM The roof floor is the main area of “fuel removal” accessing from the top of the reactors. This device is not only for protection but also for providing precarious and daring experiences such as this. Swimming in a pool in the air, just like flying. Visitors need to keep the buffer zone for their safety. Or even diving into the building to have a dramatic encounter with the giant reactor, which is the cause of everything. I borrowed the idea of diving from the ICBM silo not as a leisure activity, but as an observation method.

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PROGRAM DISTRIBUTION It has an alternate-floor composition, but in some parts, they interlock each other. The new structure is independent of the existing one. The water cylinder is hanged from the roof structure and runs through an existing shaft.

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Phase 2:

Objects: Wildlife care/cure labor, bioremediation, biomass generator operation

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RE-WILDING SAFARI

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RADIATION SHADOW People evacuated right away, but animals remained without knowing anything. That caused increasing the number of wild animals because humans were the biggest threat.

This place is hell, but at the same time, heaven for them.

It might take a long time, but I assume this place will “go back to the wild” after the decommission is done. Observing how the incident has influenced the flora and fauna would be one of the humans’ responsibilities.

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OBSERVATION PARADIGM SHIFT Workers will keep monitoring the radiation level, count the number of each species, or research on what kind of long-time-effect might be caused by radiation. They are the new objects of observation in this phase, which means an “observation paradigm shift ” happens.

The roof structure and reactors will be also converted to a bioremediation system using sunflowers and a biomass generator because even after decommissioning, the soil can contain some radiations, so the area around the reactors must be under control. The loop structure will work as a buffer zone between nature and humans. They used to look inside from outside, but now the territories are inverted.

They take care of the outer world from inside; The former water wall is now visitors’ route.

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Fukushima Daiichi has six reactors.

Four of them (#1, 2, 3, and 4) were heavily damaged including hydrogen explosion, and in three of them (#1, 2, and 3) uranium meltdown happened.

This proposal is aimed to deal with the three tractors and related facilities.

The inserted architecture consists of two types of wall structures: water wall and concrete wall, both of which are very effective to block radiation (neutron and gamma-ray). The water wall is separated on each floor to reduce the water

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pressure at the bottom. Each water

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pool is enclosed by acrylic panels and concrete slabs that are supported by a steel frame. Concrete wall columns are added to increase the strength of perpendicular strength against another big earthquake. Voids on them are essential for water flow (in phase 1) and visitors’ route (in phase 2).

For nuclear fuel, a compound of two types of uranium is used. When a neutron hits uranium-235, it’s divided into two molecules, generating extreme heat, gamma-ray, and another neutron, and the new neutron hits the next one. Water can dramatically slow down reaction trigger, if some of them are absorbed, the reaction will be even slower. Nuclear reactors use this mechanism to control uranium fission; put uranium fuel bars into a water pool, and insert neutron

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speed in the water. Since a neutron is a

absorbers. The amount of insertion decides the speed of nuclear fission that relates to the power generation.

Today’s another big issue is contaminated water. To cool down the reactor, 180 tons of water is discharged from them every day, which is highly contaminated. They need to filter it not to exceed the permitted level. And now, there are 1,000 giant tanks on site. They might need to release some water into the ocean, which is a big argument nowadays. This proposal is also intended to reuse the water by treating it within the structure.

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LIVING ACROSS LAYERS This project looks at new possibilities for housing in New York City.

Sited in the Melrose neighborhood of the South Bronx, the project tests new housing models for collective living in a high-density urban context. This is a direct response to the studio critic, Eric Bunge’s prompt of “Room/ not-Room”, which bypasses housing’s irreducible “unit” and instead examines the role of the room, or opposite, as a physical and social construct across architectural types.

Beginning with a rethinking of the organization of rooms, this project proposes a new spatial type for housing that is composed of layers of room and not-rooms that aims to create a sharing community. This new typology of housing challenges and reexamines the typical residential floor plans where the primary objective is to create individual units formed by a mixture of rooms of different functions and to line up the units along a corridor. Instead, I propose to reorganize the rooms into layers based on their function and their associated level of privacy. By treating the room as a spatial and social device that defines activities and spatial relationships, I hope to argue that this housing scheme helps form a tight community and create a sharing environment that redefines the way we live.

Columbia GSAPP, 2019 Fall Pair work with Sarah Shi Instructor | Eric Bunge Award | AIA NYS John Notaro Memorial Scholarship

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By treating rooms as a spatial and social device that defines activities and spatial relationships, I argue that this housing scheme helps form a tight community and create a sharing environment that redefines the way we live.

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ANATOMY OF WOLDEN 7 By analyzing the circulation system and the balcony composition of Walden 7 in Spain, designed by Ricardo Bofill, I realized the activthe units but also in the semi-public area. The corridors, courts, and balconies are designed to provide accidental interaction between each unit, and it seems that the circulation intentionally goes between in-air, semi-out-air, and outair. The unrolled section of a quarter part of the building (left page) describes the entire circulation system; how the private balconies face

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ities of residents can happen not only inside of

the public court, how efficient it is by putting a corridor for every two floors, and what kind of experience will residents have on the way to their units.

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CONCEPT In typical residential floor plans, rooms of different functions are mixed together to form individual units which are lined up along a corridor. I’m proposing to reorganize the rooms into three main layers based on the level of privacy required

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Upper floors

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PRIVACY / ACCESSIBILITY The upper residential levels take on a parallel configuration composed of multiple layers, which creates density and security.

The lower two floors are in a loop configuration which is more accessible and creates a more unified space.

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COMMUNAL - PRIVATE This scheme provides for the needs of the residents in a more direct and specific way in that it closely integrates amenities and community programs with the residential component. And residents could potentially choose their rooms based on the proximity to the community programs they are interested in.

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The overall building has a stepping form to make a strong presence on the main streets while blending in with the residential neighborhood.

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From our survey of the site, the south and west streets are busier because a school and subway station are located.

So we put the main entrances and open space on these sides. The ground floor plan has a loop configuration. I aligned the building edge to the surrounding buildings to respect the urban grid. It’s divided into two layers, indoor space, and semi-outdoor space. The width, level of floor, and condition of air or lighting changes when people walk in this loop, and we assume that the activities are assigned depending on that condition.

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The ground floor also works as the connection of the upper layers. The entire volume has a stepping level to take more morning sunlight. The floor height differs based on the function; 2 floors of community space in 3 floors of living/ bedroom. The lower volume is more porous and open to the public. There is a semi-outdoor space to allow people to have various activities. On the upper floors, community space is shared by residents. The rooftop is also habitable.

This spatial organization provides various levels of sharing. For example, two bedrooms are sharing one bathroom. A bedroom has its bathroom, and they all share one living room. There is also the option to have your private bathroom and living room. Each of the two parts has two vertical cores. The community space works as a horizontal circulation as well.

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People can basically access the building from all three sides passing through the semi-outdoor public layer. The orange area is open to the public at a certain time, and the blue area is for residence.

In terms of security, compact lobbies with a gate are put in front of each vertical circulation.

We introduce brick walls to divide each layer, but the porosity and the window size are different. Community space, which is more shared, has a more porous brick pattern and a bigger window.

On the other hand, bedrooms, which pattern. The three renderings in the previous page illustrate the sequential interior space on the upper floors; community space, semi-outdoor corridor beside a living layer, and a living suite. In a community space, the porous brick gives a rich shadow. In a corridor, people can

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are more private, have a dense brick

see what happens in the community space through a courtyard. The right image is inside the living room, which has an Enfilade composition; living is in front, dining is in the next. The right side of the brick wall is the bedroom layer.

The bottom right drawing illustrates how much energy will be consumed in each layer during each construction phase: fabrication, transportation, and assembly. The private layer has 2.3 times more impact than the community layer in terms of embodied energy per the intensity of use.

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UNVEIL BEHIND BILLBOARD Times Square has unusual economic conditions because of its extremely high commercial effectiveness; exterior wall price is much higher than the floor price, which is never seen in any other places.

This made some rooms covered by billboards remain vacant. This proposal is to unveil these highly potential spaces behind billboards and convert them to a performing place by inserting CONNECTORs, inside of which are covered with mirrors. They provide not only physical accessibility and visual links, but also new experiences such as a gap between what you see and what you hear.

Just like the branches of a tree, it will expand public areas into the existing buildings. Additionally, because the rooms are hidden, the activities should be seen from the square to attract people. People come to this particular square to encounter extraordinary stimuli that they never have in other places. The experiences are the new types of “Leisure” in Times Square.

It will give people a gap, a shock, or even a delirious mixture of interacting performances that is unpredictable and keeps changing by time, weather, or political/social/cultural situations.

Columbia GSAPP, 2018 Fall Individual work Instructor | Benjamin Cadena

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As the public expands and invades the buildings behind billboards, people will encounter unpredictable experiences. This is a new typology of leisure in Times Square.

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51st Street 5th floor

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EXCEPTIONAL ECONOMY

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46th Street 2nd/3rd floor

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Each billboard on One Times Square building, which has New Year Eve Ball on the top, costs about 3 million dollars per year.

Because of it, a very unusual thing has happened there. One Times Square building has been empty for 20 years. However, it works; The profit is 400%. It means that the build-

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ing exists just for the structure of billboards.

By my field research, at least seven rooms behind billboards are vacant or just storage. These rooms are the site of my project.

Performance or show will be taken place in the new public space. Now Broadway

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musical theaters are physically isolated to public space and exclude poor people or young children. The rooms are literally “ON”-BROADWAY,” which can provide interactive performance combined with the exiting atmosphere surrounded.

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We want to put a door in the

Instead, a entrance is put in

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inner: public / outer: private

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INVADING LEISURE The hidden rooms are unveiled by inserted CONNECTORs, inside of which are covered with mirrors, and outside of which are used as other advertisements.

The activities in the rooms are visible, and at the same time, the surface for advertisement, which is the most valuable thing here, will increase.

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rors, there is a gap between what you see and what you hear. Passing through space will let people have new experiences and new trials for performers. The sawtooth-shaped wall reflects two sides of spaces: inside of the room and outside.

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Because of reflection by the mir-

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The experiences people will have are; for example, the gap between vision and sound or a mixture of inside and outside. Because of reflection by the mirrors, there is a gap between what you see and what you hear. Passing through space will give new experiences to people. Also, I hope this space gives a hint of new performance. The mixture can happen by the sawtooth-shaped wall.

We can see two sides of spaces (inside of the room and outside) at the same time. And also, this violent structure and unpredictable fusion of performance and space will give a strong shock to the

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city and visitors.

In this extremely commercial area, the term of construction, which largely relates to its structure system, is very important in business. Because the CONNECTORs lie on the existing buildings, the weight must be light. The mirror is made of stainless steel, and this itself is structure, combined with the frame. The wall is single-layered and has minimum weight.

The economy has also been simulated.

The new advertisement surface and the rooms will generate revenue, while the price of existing billboards might decrease because they are not seen partially because of the connector. By my estimation, if the construction fee is 1 million dollars, the owner will get some profit in 4 years. Even if the construction fee is 2 million dollars, just 8 years.

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CLIMATE B Y PA S S Climate BYPASS is an evolutionary structure that provides a substitute space and function for the city to grow into while the original blockstreet model is no longer viable under the new climate challenges. It negotiates between the practical needs of the city and the changing way-of-life in the new climate epoch, redefining the idea of the street and public. As an evolving municipal-funded, community co-operated street-like structure, Climate BYPASS grows and supports the everyday-life in the next 100 years and beyond.

This project is composed of three phases, each of which is designed to address a particular task-specific to its projected climate condition. The first phase, “Construction BYPASS” focuses on the duty of combating carbon emission from the buildings, at the same time re-designing the spatial relationship between housing, construction, and small businesses. The second phase, “Crisis BYPASS” mitigates the risk of the worsening climate crisis by elevating most functions of the street into the bypass structure. The third phase, “City BYPASS” imagines a new city when the temperature increase completely alters our way-of-life, in which this proposal implies a new relationship between human and nature.

Columbia GSAPP, 2020 Fall Team work with Chia Jang Wen, Tianyu Yang Instructor | Bernard Tschumi

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STREET - CLIMATE Streets have been the main space of “public.” In the year 2020, people saw various possibilities of streets like outdoor extension seats of restaurants or Black Lives Matter demo/painting.

However, how are these activities being affected by the coming climate change?

In the past, mankind has faced a variety of different climate conditions that changed our way of living. Today as we are moving fast towards a future filled with certain perils imposed by global warming, how do we come up with a new way of design that prepares our city for whatever is ahead?

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FUTURE of STREET - As Climate BYPASS provides substitute space and function, the city negotiates between the practical needs and the changing way of life in the new climate epoch.

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Method of biliodigestive bypass surgery © RussianPatents.com

MEDICAL BYPASS A secondary channel, pipe, or connection to allow a flow when the main one does not work sufficiently.

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CLIMATE BYPASS A transforming system on the street to help the city to adapt to climate change and to redefine public street.

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Phase 1 : 2020Construction BYPASS As part of the city’s effort in reducing carbon emission, “Construction BYPASS” is designed to hold three programs: a construction unit is used for building upgrades; a housing unit is a temporarily extended unit into the bypass structure while under construction; the small business unit is where local shops and restaurants can main-

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tain their business.

75% of the buildings in NYC need to be upgraded by 2030 to reduce carbon emission, enforced by Local Laws 97.

It’s allowed to occupy the space above streets for temporal use that relates to the Local Laws 97.

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HOUSING

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SMALL BUSINESS

By sharing the space temporarily, the distinct functions can co-exist. In addition to more communication or new opportunities, this bypass holds a new typology of public versus private.

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Sitting physically much closer, the activities can even overlap with each other, which gives more INTERSECTION across programs rather than segregation.

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Phase 2 / 2030Crisis BYPASS Crisis BYPASS elevates most functions of the street to mitigate the risk of the developing climate crisis. As new lobbies are moved up and connected to the bypass structure, local businesses and street activities thrive within, freeing the ground for ephemeral activities. When a hurricane hits, the bypass will quickly transform into a compact interior space where shelters are provided,

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emergency supplies distributed.

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, Sandy-scale hurricane will hit NYC, causing severe interruptions of everyday-life in the city.

All buildings are required to build a new lobby connecting to the bypass on the 2nd floor or above.

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A poetic moment such as this arises as a new typology of the street is invented in the face of the disaster.

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Phase 3 / 2300City BYPASS At this stage, the City BYPASS turns to cover the street to hold city functions under the controlled air, while restoring the blocks to nature. By adding multi-layers to the previous bypass structure, it creates nested spaces with different climate comfort conditions. Inversing the relationship between streets and buildings, the street becomes the new interior space for human activities. In this unpredictable future, Street is transformed into a city, the

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heaven in hell which human rely on.

+9°C might be the global temperature rise by 2030, according to the extreme 5000 gigaton scenario.

No more new buildings in blocks allowed, but streets are covered to hold city functions under controlled air.

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During the daytime, the space in between the existing exterior wall and the city bypass become a buffer zone for outdoor activities. At night, when to those semi-outdoor spaces and reconnect to the sky. This space is more attractive and allows them to stay a little bit longer to enjoy the time.

People dwell closer in the harsh future, deeply relying on each other to go through everyday

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the temperature is more comfortable, people go

life. Some open-air space around the bypass allows fresh air, trees, or animals to interact.

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J U N I TO Step by step, “Climate BYPASS” witnesses a future where mankind evolves and adapts to the almost irreversible climate change through collectively building the new urban-nature way-of-life.

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The Climate BYPASS is situated in Hell’s Kitchen in Manhattan, New York City.

This area, similar to other near-coast areas, has a relatively higher risk of a flood than an inner part. Along the avenue, most of the ground floors are occupied by small businesses such as restaurants, cafes, bars, retail, grocery store, or office. While the 2nd floor and above are mainly residential. This project is built for this specific site; however, the bypass system can expand to other parts of NYC, which needs the function, or other cities.

The structure consists of a frame and infill system; three types of stacked frames

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according to the functional flexibility and material life span; and the functional units attached to the systems afterward.

This system enables them to transform, move some parts, or reassemble themselves, depending on the demands of each location and/or at each timing.

Reinforced concrete, which has relatively high embodied energy, is used only for the core (structure for horizontal load, staircase, elevator) and some floor slab, which I assume remain as it is for a long time. Other mainframes are steel to make it easy to reassemble. The smallest frame is made of wood, which is reasonably manageable without heavy construction equipment. The materiality of the infill units varies, but they are lightweight and short life span because the purpose and function should be changed.

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Each phase of climate bypass takes climate change flow as shown in the above diagram. The main target in phase 1 is reducing the carbon emission of buildings, which is one of the biggest portions of the cause side. On

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care of a distinct portion of the vast

the other hand, the latter two phases are more focused on the effect side, how to minimize the risk and adapt to the new condition, accepting the change itself.

In response to the conventional property system, this proposal generates a new relationship. The bypass is the collective platform, where the tenants could move into. In this way, the independent hierarchy is broken down into a rather non-hierarchy collaboration network. By putting the tenants directly in touch with the workers, it frees the construction process from a capital-driven monopoly to an information-sharing system.

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REHAB ACROSS LAYERS The prison population in the US has dramatically increased over the decades accelerated by a high recidivism rate that now encourages people to re-think our rehabilitation process. While, Newburgh’s crime rate is in the top 3% in NYS, and a statistic shows people with less education tend to have a higher crime rate. To rehabilitate both vicious cycles, I propose a progressive layering system, in which prison and education will gradually coexist; a prison interacts with society rather than being isolated. Through reacting to technological and systematical obsolescence, two types of adaptation are executed: LAYER addition to expand its program/capacity; and LAYER subtraction to optimize function/condition of the space, both of which are enabled by re-using structural elements. By nesting or overlapping with one another in three-dimension, the project holds more variety of spatial qualities and more dynamic interactions between layers.

Besides, this nested composition is adapted to future thermal conditions. Programs such as Restorative- Justice-Center are assigned depending on what layer the room is. In the future, the project that is laid along the highway at the first phase will expand in the electric corridor direction, having a stronger network to the local community.

Columbia GSAPP, 2020 Spring Individual work Instructor | Phu Hoang

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Prisons will interact with society rather than being isolated. By layers are added or subtracted every twenty years, this project evolves to examine the new way of coexistence of inmates’ rehabilitation and the local community.

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SOARING PRISONERS The population in prisons in the US has dramatically increased over the decades accelerated by a high recidivism rate. The steps to re-socialization are difficult without adequate education and support. The shrinking government budget will make a social and humane condition in prison even worse in the future. In addition, as the analysis of micro-climate in three precedent prisons, the thermal condition of prisons tend to be extremely harsh especially in summer.

It’s caused by less/no and small-sized windows, less insulated, and no air-conditioned. Moreover, global warming will promote it. Some have started arguing that prisoners have a right to stay in a humane space.

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Suomenlinna Prison

Sanders Estes Unit

Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary

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- STATE SCALE -

- CITY SCALE -

High crime ratio

Obsolete electric corridor

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- LOCAL SCALE -

- BUILDING SCALE -

In-between highway lanes

Rehab Across Layers

ELECTRIC CORRIDOR x HIGHWAY Newburgh’s crime rate is in the top 3% in NYS. Statistically, there is a relationship between the crime rate and education. To refrain from this cycle, I argue the electric corridor becomes an “educational band”. The project site is in-between space of two lanes of a highway, where is usually useless.

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PROTO-MODEL

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Layer ADDITION Expand program/capacity

Layer SUBTRACTION Optimize function/condition

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original layer

adding

shifting/overlapping

peeling off

ADAPTATION METHOD LAYER addition enables the system to expand its program and capacity. LAYER subtraction optimizes the condition by peeling off some parts of layers. Overlapping layers generates rooms, to which assigned programs, depending on in what layer it is.

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R E H A B AC R O S S L AY E R S Each space is dynamically connected across the layers.

Every 20 years the layers will be added or subtracted, such as education, community and nature layer to make the prison interact with the outer society.

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EDUCATION

Multiple direction

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Single direction

GABLE knowledge interaction

COMMUNITY

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A-FRAME environmental in/out-take

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PROGRESSIVE SPACE As time goes by, the project holds more variety of space and more dynamic connections in both inner and outer, which happens physically and programmatically. LAYER subtraction (shown in purple colored lines) and LAYER addition (shown in pink colored lines) will bring richer spatial quality adapting to surrounding circumstances and the entire society.

People can find their place within a layer

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or in between some layers.

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About 68% of prisoners return to prison within three years after they are released.

Hardly imagined, but there are many hurdles to achieve re-socialization; for example, one’s driver’s license is expired; public housing restrictions bar one from living with the family; criminal record and lack of ID make finding a job difficult. Also, as a first step, educational training or support at prisons is not enough. To make a long story short, it’s reasonable to say the correctional system in the US has failed.

A key function of this project in the distant future is the Restorative Justice

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Center. Restorative Justice is a system of criminal justice that focuses on the rehabilitation of offenders through reconciliation with victims and the community at large. Compared to conventional criminal justice, which is more focused on a result and low, restorative justice is based on process, why they committed a crime, and how they can compensate it.

The 25 iteration section models gave me a wide and deep understanding of possible compositions. In terms of security in a prison, a completely nested system works well, but it encapsulates inner layers, which causes less natural lighting into the rooms. Overlapping layers can generate a controllable balance between security and circulation.

Taking advantage of undulation in the context was another important outcome form this study.

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The graph (left top) explains the relationship between temperature and risk of physical disease and the risk of retaliation. It says, as temperature increases, both of them likely increase. Global warming will promote the number even higher. In this point of view, The system also works for reducing these risks. Layer addition stabilizes the thermal condition of inner layers by nesting composition, and people can intake more wind by Layer subtraction. This system is reasonable and adaptable in the future.

As shown in sections in prior pages, They are connected physically and visually, depending on the programs. Flow diagram and detail sketch (right) describe how its re-use system works. Since the angle of every component in every layer is the same, long-life-span materials can be reused through the phases of

R E H A B AC R O S S L AY E R S

each room shares wall, floor, or ceiling.

adaptation. Not only structure and partition walls but also floor steps or furniture could be produced from old elements.

I eliminated all the partitions by putting circulations and small rooms within the thick walls.

This system is based on research on the lifespan of each material (top right). Reuse elements are mainly made of RC, while those parts that will be wasted after one phase are made of shorter lifespan materials. Waterproof or paint is replaced in every adaptation depending on the further program.

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INTER-MEDIA LIBRARY Nowadays, we can get any kind of information on the Internet at any time and anywhere, and it seems there is no need to go to a library.

However, the digital revolution has increased the isolation of humans. Then, I realized that libraries can survive only if they are more interactive or accidental space, in which we discover something that we don’t expect.

Story I; A man who lived near the site was walking in the park. He heard a sound from the library. That was an amateur performing art by community residents. After the play, one of the performers invited him to join them. They moved to the community area on the 1st floor to have a workshop. Then he realized that; performing was the thing he really wanted to do. Three months later, he was inviting another man to the auditorium. This is a real community network.

Story II; Four students of the high school next to this library had an assignment of biology research. In this library, they encountered two types of accidents. On the way to the Biology area, they saw an exhibition of botany unintentionally. At that time, they realized some parts of our bodies were similar to that of plants. Another type of accident was they found a movie about a human organism just beside the books. “This is such an INTER-MEDIA LIBRARY!”

Columbia GSAPP, 2019 Spring Individual work Instructor | Jose Araguez

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This unit system generate chambers and voids that connect spaces diagonally.

The two surfaces exist on alternative floors as the inside of the chamber always has different materials from the main space.

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A octagon likely connects another octagon, which means octagons, whose area is big, are used for generating bigger units.

A pentagon does NOT likely connect another pentagon, which means pentagons are used for filling spaces.

5-a 5-b 8-a

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ANATOMY OF AGGREGATION By analyzing Bibliotheek van de Toekomst by Toyo Ito, I recognize how the cells are related to each other in terms of geometrical composition and space activity. There are mainly 4 types; the same purpose cells aggregate; the access point to other purposes like HUB; surrounded by viewpoint; and see-through void. It seems every cell is equally located, but some cells have a key role in the activity network. Next, I focused on how the cells are combined geometry (left page). I realized the process to generate the building.

Octagons, the biggest cells, are put in the center to compose important spaces such as the auditorium.

INTER-MEDIA LIBRARY

PROTO-BUILDING Though it doesn’t have any column that goes up straight, the vertical walls are made by a triangle and connected to the next level seamlessly. It has two sides of space, inner and outer, changing alternatively on each floor.

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AGGREGATION SYSTEM

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CONVENTIONAL LIBRARY

INTER-MEDIA LIBRARY

Divided by MEDIA

Divided by SUBJECTS

On purpose basis

Accidentally encounters

Even spatial condition

Distinctive spatial conditions

Alternate floor

Alternate floor

PROGRAM SYSTEM Conventional libraries are divided by media. In such libraries, people directly pick up a book, which is very practical, but the circulation is limited in just one media. The library I tried to design is divided by subjects, “INTER-MEDIA LIBRARY.”

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INTER-MEDIA LIBRARY

UNIT SYSTEM The basic unit is transformed into 4 types of geometry, each of which has two types of material. Then I applied two aspects of programs to the units; physical articulation and theme of a unit, followed by combined clusters of some programs.

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INTER-MEDIA LIBRARY

Looking at the site, there is a playground on the north side of the site and semi-public gardens on the north.

So I thought the building should recede from these sides, making a stepping garden as a part of the park.

While, on the east side there is a high school, so it’s better to have a void to lead students into the building.

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Every story happens at a place on a different scale and conditions: one-unit scale/ inside, void scale (4-unit scale)/semi-outside, a half-unit scale/outside. It means this library has a variety of spatial qualities, which encourages people to have a

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4th FLOOR PLAN

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VISUAL CONDITION

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Mainly there are 3 entrances. Two of them are from the high-school side and the China-Town side going down to the biggest space of the building, which is open-auditorium. The other way is from the playground going up to the 2nd floor directly. This library has two vertical circulations; one for visitors, and the other for librarians. Using half-scaled units on the north side, I tried to break down its volume to familiarize itself with the playground. On the other hand, I put larger units on the south side. So it has two different scales on each façade.

Story I

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Four students entered through the gate and went to the 4th floor. In this library, they encountered two types of accidents; on the way to the Biology area they saw an exhibition of botany unintentionally, or they found a movie of a human organism just beside the books.

Story II A man who lived near the site was walking in the park. He heard a sound from the library. That was an amateur performing art by community residents. Then he realized that; performing was the thing he really wanted to do. This is a real community network.

Story III On the 2nd floor, there was a café and a story-telling chamber. When the kids were having a story-tell, the mothers were having coffee looking down at the auditorium, looking up, or reading a book about Nutrition.

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This system can work as a structure without any columns. The panels are made of aluminum honeycomb. One side of it is copper-coated steel, and the other side is galvanized steel reacted phosphoric acid. These galvanized steel surfaces are shown as the gray side of the model and renderings, on which books are put as I mentioned.

In terms of materiality, I’m interested in a variety of textures on a surface.

Even though a panel is itself a structure element, it’s allowed to make pockets according to the structural requirement. er it goes. Some bigger pockets are put as bookshelves on the 2nd floor and above. Moreover, these pockets can absorb sounds, making distinctive space in sound conditions. Also, other mechanical things such as heating/ cooling (the panel itself is radiator),

INTER-MEDIA LIBRARY

The more pockets it can have, the high-

lighting, ventilation, enclosure system are all integrated into this system.

The bottom images are daylighting analysis by using a physical model. It’s made by actual or imitated materials and simulated in a setting of every two hours on 6/21, 3/21, and 12/21. The findings are; the strong glare is limited inside of the chamber which is covered with copper. Because of the complex tilted walls, the sunlight is reflected a few times to reach outside of the chamber. An interesting phenomenon is a reflection with orange-ish color on the floor or ceiling.

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