National policies on urbanisation 42
In 2015 th e Min is tr y of Urba n D evel opm ent [ MoUD ] created the nati onal ur ba n develo pme nt s trateg y [N UD S ] . Tod ay, thi s i s the m ai n s trateg y f or ur ba n p lann in g on a n atio nal s cal e. It i s an ad d i ti on to the N ati onal u rban policy [NUP] of 2 0 0 7 wh ich encou ntered i s s u es concer ni ng f u nd i ng and im plemen tation (MoUD 2 0 1 5 ; B ak rani a 2 0 1 5 ). As a f o re men tion ed th e NUD S propos es a n o n -p o litic a l sy ste m o f categorisation of u rb an areas bas ed not s ol el y on s er v i ces, abs ol u te am ou nt of inhabitants and revenu e but al s o on popu l ati on d e ns i ty and vari ati on i n economic p u rs u its. If this is i m pl em ente d onl y the g row i ng cores i n need of g over nmen t al aid wo u ld receive f u nd i ng. Fi nanci al hel p wou l d thu s be distr ibu ted more ob jectively and accord i ng to need s of u rban areas.
Introducing urbanisation - Urbanisation in Nepal
T he N UDS als o emph as is es th e i m por tance of d e c e n tr a lisin g ( u r b a n ) p la n s and policies to s hift u rbanis ati on away f rom the pri m ar y K athm and u val l ey to several other areas. Decen tr al i s i ng pl ans are f or exam pl e the pl ans f or the N ijg a dh in ter n atio nal air p or t and accom panyi ng f as t-track ; the pl ans f or the tunnel high way o r the K athman d u -Hetau d a f as t-track ; and the real i s ati on of the Bardibas -Dhu likhe l h ighway. A l l of thes e pl ans s hou l d have a pos i tive im pa ct on the mig ration to th e K athm and u val l ey. Two majo r decen tralis ing po lici es are the new f ed eral s ys tem whi ch i s cu r rentl y being imp lemented and the p rom oti on of ef f i ci ent and i nteg rated nati onal a nd r egio nal u rb an s ys tems. T he new federal s tr u ctu re pu ts s om e chos en u rban centres f orward as pr ovincial c ap itals, givin g th em hi g her pol i ti cal s t atu s and attracti on (MoUD 2015). T his s h ou ld als o have an i m pact on i ntra-prov i nce road s tr u ctu res and ur ba n po licies. C on s eq u ently thi s s hou l d pos i tivel y af f ect u rban rem otenes s of cer tain areas, which th en cou l d d evel op f u r ther as they becom e m ore a ttr a ctive for e co no mic pu r po s es (B ak rani a 2 0 1 5 ) . E f f icien t an d in teg rated nati onal and reg i onal u rban s ys tem s em bod y enha ncemen t of p ro du ction , cons u m pti on and d i s tri bu ti on l i nk ag es. Fou r such s ys tems are dis cer n ed, two m ai n s ys tem s and to s u bs ys tem s. Of the m a in s ys tems o ne lies in th e ea s t centred ar ou nd B i ratnag ar and one l ocated centr a lly with K athman du , Po k hara, B u twal , B haratpu r and B i rg u nj as m ai n centr es. T he s u b s ys tems lie in the m i d - and f ar-wes ter n reg i ons res pectivel y centr ed aro u nd Ne p algu n j an d D hang ad hi .