Swift When we run the above program using playground, we get the following result: [NO, EA, WE, SO]
Capturing Values and Reference Types In Swift, capturing constants and variables values is done with the help of closures. It further refers and modify the values for those constants and variables inside the closure body even though the variables no longer exists. Capturing constant and variable values is achieved by using nested function by writing function with in the body of other function. A nested function captures 
Outer function arguments.

Capture constants and variables defined within the Outer function.
In Swift, when a constant or a variable is declared inside a function, reference to that variables are also automatically created by the closure. It also provides the facility to refer more than two variables as the same closure as follows let decrem = calcDecrement(forDecrement: 18) decrem() Here oneDecrement and Decrement variables will both point the same memory block as closure reference. func calcDecrement(forDecrement total: Int) -> () -> Int { var overallDecrement = 100 func decrementer() -> Int { overallDecrement -= total println(overallDecrement) return overallDecrement } return decrementer } let decrem = calcDecrement(forDecrement: 18) decrem() decrem() decrem()
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