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Critical knowledge of the other as another ‘me’
/COMPETENCES VERSUS KNOWLEDGE?
and, if he or she is prudent, the person adopting the decision can eventually inspire mutual confidence with the other. On the contrary, if we seek only the extrinsic and intrinsic motives, the real treatment that we give the other is as a way of attaining, or for the purpose of … our personal interests; this is a utilitarian treatment. The deeper, intimate consequences can be very negative ‘subterfuge’ for it can gradually lead to our becoming incapable of achieving true affective satisfaction with others. Instead of generating appreciatory, critical knowledge of the other as another ‘me’, a kind of subterfuge will be at work, one which assesses a person’s value to us in terms of what can be obtained from them. This type of relationship ends up being severed as soon as there is a conflict of values, when it is not worth it for the person to continue with the relationship (from an intrinsic and extrinsic point of view). On the other hand, Perez López clarifies in his model a distinction between the motives (aims) and the impulse (motivation) for the achievement of the motives, and he explains how these motives come to influence the formation of the motivational impulse of the person who decides. Motivation is one element, but it has three dimensions. Achievement owing to extrinsic motives results in increased having; when achievement is due to intrinsic motives the result is knowledge (operative knowledge). Achievement due to transcendent motives develops in the individual a greater personal development in the scope of his or her being (appreciatory knowledge). The appreciatory knowledge then allows us to discover personal realities. Identifying the other as a person depends on our use of reason and appreciating another’s value depends on our sense of reason being linked to our affective faculties. These faculties are not simply emotions or mere temporary feelings, but are indivisible from our reason. Such knowledge allows one to engage in confident and cooperative relationships with others, one that goes beyond a calculation of interests. The distinction between motives and motivation is key for