ISFiT21 Creating Knowledge by ISFiT21magazine

I S F i T 2 1 C R E A T I N G K N O W L E D G E

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Table of Contents 9 6 Knowledge for a Better World?

The Age of #NoPrivacy

13 21

Fighting for LGBTI-rights

Education Systems

Do We Need an Emergency Brake?

I Was the First Woman

Devaluating Truth

The Research Report

ISFiT Rail

44 52

Protests and Abortion Laws in Poland

Crossword

Fabricating Knowledge

Interview with the President of ISFiT21

Food for the Future

Creating ..a Baby?

Creative Outreach

66 72 5

Marianne Skarpen

Opinion

P,.02'/6'% +.(%#%U'$$'(%!.(2/Z

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Devaluating Truth Opinion

“I hope I shall possess firmness and virtue enough to maintain what I consider the most enviable of all titles, the character of an honest man.” Those were the words of the first American president, expressing the immense importance of keeping truth sacred in a fresh democracy. 44 presidents later, the world witnessed the wild tirades and fierceful diatribes of Donald Trump through his innumerable tweets, many of them relating to the very topic of truth and honesty, albeit arguably slightly more mediocrely written. Arguably, that is - Trump himself claimed that many have in fact said he is “the world’s greatest writer of 140 character sentences.” Regardless of your opinion on that matter, I suspect you will agree on a more general conclusion: that the political discourse, whether you are talking about media reporting, the presidential debates, or discussions on Twitter, has changed during the last few years. It has become more polarized. Misinformation has spread on a new level. Facts have gotten harder to recognize. People have gotten more suspicious, and less susceptible to rational discussion. At the heart of this, whether it is a consequence or a cause of the problem, I would argue our valuation of truth has changed.

An enormous, new world of sharing content via our thumbs on our screens, whether it be from our own minds or from other sources, has forced us to confront some deep philosophical questions. What is the value of truth, as opposed to mere interpretations? To what extent should we allow the spread of misinformation? And, of course, what is truth? We should not underestimate the well-documented power of narratives in the media, shaping our understanding of society to a surprising extent. It is often hard or even impossible, especially for the man in the street, to fact-check the many claims that are communicated to him throughout the day. As politics seem to become more and more polarized, there is now a place on the Web for any version of reality if you are looking for it, however crazed. When people get their information from sources that are so vastly different, their worldview ends up differing so much that it is nearly impossible to converge. Tragically, in many such cases, both parts are genuine, both in their beliefs and in their desire to improve society. And still, so is the contempt that they express for each other. It is like two people furiously screaming at each other, discussing whether a peach is an apple or an orange.

When you say that something is the “greatest of all time,” I would say you are making a bold claim and I would be interested to see if you can back it up. If, however, you repeatedly make the claim that you are the greatest president of the history of your country, that your economy is the greatest of the history of the world, that the military under you is the most powerful the world has ever seen, then it might just start getting a bit strange. Or so it should, at least. The evidence, however, seems to suggest that the millions of Trump supporters either fell for this rhetorical trick or ignored it. Trump himself is aware of how well it can work, as he explains in his book, the Art of the Deal (which he rated as the second best book, only after the Bible): “People want to believe that something is the biggest and the greatest and the most spectacular. I call it truthful hyperbole. It’s an innocent form of exaggeration, and a very effective form of promotion.”

@%>.*-/%'2<*,%.*2% 7'-*'#".0%.E%#2*#$% Do not get me wrong – $'+%&$'0<,/? Trump is obviously not

a unique example of a dishonest politician, though he might be an exaggerated example. Lying politicians is far from a new phenomenon, in fact it almost seems like part of their job. What seems different and strange only these last years, however, is the unconcerned way

in which they have started doing it. Also, there seems to be an increasing tendency of political pundits in general, now on both political sides, getting used to conclude quite radically in their political commentary, rather than to merely report. While the media’s function used to be strictly to spread out information, the focus seems to have shifted lately to construct whichever narrative is most appealing to your respective audience.

dream away our worries and focus on a pleasant, idealized version of reality. Taking a balanced and neutral stance is for cowards. The cheap slogans are much more intriguing, not to mention forceful, especially when they are shouted in a crowd. Claiming two things can be true at once is unimpressive and boring. Rushed conclusions and allegations cut to the core and stirs things up. And after all, is it not the spirit of their message that matters the emotions with which it is delivered, and what people it manages to please, or displease?

X2,%0.#%E'&#+% #,/".*+%'0=>'=+N%

Perhaps we should be thankful that politicians and news reporters are increasingly relieving us from the burden of having to work out the implications of the situations and problems that we face in society. Are not facts tedious anyways? They involve scrupulous details, and the dreary process of fact checking. Does the down to earth, sober account of whatever happened last week even matter any longer? Is not the new style of consuming and engaging in politics, consisting of generic statements, vague, abstract terms explaining broad complex phenomena, and calling political opponents clowns and dorks, much more appealing and exciting? Are not nuanced and generous reflections for self-important and dull people? Platitudes and superlatives are more appealing, and allow us to

Some people seem to say yes. But some argue that such an approach to perceiving reality can be quite dangerous. Because if there is indeed something like true facts, that matters to us and affects us whether we like it or not, and know it or not, that truth can suddenly come crashing down on us in a very unpleasant way, when our bubble of our preferred narrative bursts. When we allow our political discourse to be permeated with lies, we degenerate the value of discussion, which is the only tool we have to solve problems together. When we allow our political discourse to be permeated with platitudes and superlatives, our words lose their power. When there is no more power in words,

we try shouting louder, and if that does not work, we resort to violence.

E S L A

Vemund Vole Rye

TRU

We have already seen some of this in societies where we imagined it could never happen. Large crowds of angry people who have given up all interest in rational discussion are willing to go far to impose their version of truth onto others. We can only hope that it does not take a serious crisis to convince humanity that truth is indeed inherently valuable. And I believe

that the crisis will inevitably arise if we keep devaluating truth. Because reality is hard. It can be brutal. It has real and tragic consequences. And it will hit us that way regardless of how we choose to conceive it. It is our responsibility as human beings to cooperate in order to confront our common reality the best way that we can.

TRUTH-O-METER CAUTION ON HIGH VOLTS

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OPPDAG SMAKEN AV KJELDSBERG KAFFE Du har kanskje kjent det? Den gode kaffelukta når du er i nærheten av fabrikken vår på Dora i Trondheim? Her jobber vi hver eneste dag med å teste, brenne og blande kaffe, slik at du skal få den beste opplevelsen. Vi er nemlig lidenskapelig opptatt av å lage ordentlig god kaffe, fordi vi vet hvor mye denne hverdagsluksusen betyr for mange. Resultatet er en rund og fyldig kaffe med god sødme, som passer like godt til hverdags som til fest. Vi håper du liker resultatet av jobben vi har gjort.

Som eneste norske kaffeprodusent i storskala produserer vi utelukkende sertifisert kaffe. Vi bryr oss nemlig om både kaffebonden, kloden og deg.

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WANT TO DIVE DEEPER INTO ISFiT21’s THEME “CREATING KNOWLEDGE”? We recommend taking a look at ISFiT21’s Research Report! This report has been put together in order to look more closely at specific cases within the theme. The first case focuses on academic freedom and safe spaces. It examines students’ perception of these concepts in different countries, and how political correctness is possibly affecting the knowledge that is produced in higher education and research. Creation and spreading of knowledge in higher education is at the core of the theme, and this case examines what this looks like from a global perspective. The next case is about what conditions should be present for technology in digital platforms to be developed in a way that facilitates healthy digital behavior. This includes how digital platforms use knowledge about us, but also raising awareness, as in spreading knowledge about digital platforms. The knowledge of how these platforms work

can once again empower us as users. You can also read about refugee children and their limited access to education, and how this affects their integration into a new school system. What implications do these differences in access to knowledge have for creating knowledge from a global perspective? Lastly, we have a case that looks closer at Poland and Hungary. It is concentrated on how political leaders in these two countries use framing of knowledge to affect the population’s values and attitudes about homosexuality. These political leaders have the power to take knowledge and present it in a certain way, and are therefore creating knowledge

You can find the full version of the report at isfit.org 41

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Mathilde Breda Enkerud:

An Interview with the President of ISFiT21 Can you tell us a little bit about yourself? Yes, of course! I am a 23 year old girl, the youngest of three siblings, and I have a cat named Sander adopted from the animal shelter. I am very curious and often feel there are too many interesting and fun things to be done and too little time to do it all. I honestly love to organize and to plan, however, I often forget where I left things and can be a bit messy. I have always found learning from other cultures very interesting and therefore have lived in Italy and Brazil. Both experiences opened my mind to new perspectives and gave me an opportunity to question things I took and continue to take for granted. I am also a language enthusiast; I think it is fascinating how different languages make different types of communication possible – despite the fact that I am dyslexic and words and phrases often can be quite challenging for me. I have studied and lived in Trondheim for over four years, and am currently working on a master’s degree in Sociology. During my time in Trondheim I have participated at ISFiT17 as a workshop leader and as a stage designer for the ceremonies in ISFiT19. I have also been very engaged in the Debate Committee at the Student Society, and love going to Wednesday’s debates and Samfundsmøte (Student Society Meetings) on Saturdays. What was the idea behind ‘Creating Knowledge’? That is a big question. It actually took me several months to create this theme. For me, it was important that it

was a theme that could engage students for over two years (the whole duration of the planning and execution of the festival), and would continue to get richer and more interesting as more people joined and added their interpretations and creativity. It was important that it wasn’t going to be my theme, but the theme of ISFiT21 and all volunteers. Therefore, already by the first recruitment period, it was important to give the thematic responsibility to Signe, my amazing Vice President. In that way from the beginning the theme was already growing and becoming even more interesting because of her! However, I guess there were four main aspects which I found important and intriguing about Creating Knowledge. First, I truly believe it is super important that we reflect upon the knowledge we are consuming and creating ourselves. We need to be active in our everyday life in how we are creating knowledge. This I think is especially important for us students, since this is what we do every day. This is a privilege that we need to take seriously, because knowledge is power.

*$%0#4%5:<.($#,$%$"#$%5$% 0#4,O$%6.5,6%$.%-'%:&% $"':';%-1$%$"'%$"':'%.+% *AB5>7E%#,/%#22%3.21,$''(4= Secondly, knowledge is also arranged in a hierarchy, and we often consider knowledge to be what we read in books and the results of scientific experiments. However, knowledge is so much more. It is what we do every day and who we are. It is culture, it is music, it is all the different ways that the winners of the Student Peace Prize have fought for their rights. In this way, creating knowledge is so often a positive force, a spread of creativity,

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and people doing what they can to make the world a better place. So, knowledge is so much more than just science, and I believe there is much to be learned from other types of creation and communication of knowledge. I wanted to give us an opportunity to also focus on the positive and creative aspect of knowledge. In addition, I found it quite nice that this theme is relevant for everyone. This is a theme that all students can discuss, a theme for all students across the globe. And finally, I wanted the theme to be a possibility for us as an international student festival, which is creating knowledge, to both reflect upon what we are doing which is good and our challenges. What ISFiT is creating is not the “truth” or the “correct”, however, I hope that ISFiT21 creates an open platform where we can discuss and engage.

What role does knowledge play in solving today’s problems? I think that knowledge is important, and creating knowledge is about seeing challenges and new solutions. It is about being aware of our limitations and errors, and still focusing on our potential. The most impactful experience I have had as a student was when Aayat Al-Qurmezi, the winner of the Student Peace prize in 2015, performed her poem criticizing the regime of Bahrain in Arabic at the Student Society. In the room we were 500 students from all over the world, and most of us could not understand Arabic. However, it was such a powerful moment, creating knowledge about the situation in Bahrain and connecting people across borders. I think knowledge gives us the possibility to have new thoughts, to dare to be critical, and also curious and creative. I also believe that knowledge is about collaboration and seeing each other. And I personally believe that all of this is important when solving the problems of today. How has it been planning an international student festival during a pandemic, what sort of struggles have you faced? It has truly been a challenge planning an international student festival during a pandemic, and not least building an organization from 45 to 400 volunteers. A big part of the challenge is that the situation has been quite unpredictable and fragile. We have had to continually adjust and make changes, and continue to be creative and find new solutions. A central part of our immediate challenge was to combine two aspects of ISFiT that we find especially important; which are to keep our festival an international

student festival even though we can’t travel and still create physical meetings between students across borders. To solve our challenges there were two things that were very important to me. The first is the knowledge that we cannot control the situation, however, we can decide how to handle it. The second thing is that I strongly believe that quality comes from engagement. Therefore, when the situation changed and projects needed to be redefined, it was the volunteers which decided which solution that they wanted to work on based on what they found engaging. I am profoundly impressed and proud of the volunteers in ISFiT! I have continuously said, there will be a festival, however, it would not have happened without the volunteers. There are several volunteers that have done an enormous amount of work for ISFiT to happen, several volunteers that have had to change their work entirely, several volunteers that have lost some or a big part of their work and many volunteers who have handled new challenges. Despite the challenges, they have turned the situation over and managed to create new and good solutions, and that is extremely impressive.

*%#:%<(.+.1,/2&%5:<('44'/%#,/% <(.1/%.+%$"'%3.21,$''(4%5,%*AB5>) Planning an international student festival during a pandemic and building an organization of 400 volunteers in two years has been a lot of work. However, in my “humble” opinion, we have managed to build an organization where volunteers have created amazing and creative projects, despite all the challenges. And, a factor that is important to me, ISFiT has been a social arena for students during a time where many students struggle with loneliness. ISFiT21 is not perfect, but I am very proud.

Are there any opportunities within how the festival needs to be arranged? How do you think and hope that ISFiT21 can take advantage of them? We were forced to be creative and find new solutions. For thirty years, ISFiT has been arranged more or less in the same fashion. However, ISFiT21 does not resemble earlier festivals. So, what we hope is that we have found some new solutions and ideas that can also be part of ISFiT in the future. We have had a general focus on building ISFiT21 in such a way that ISFiT23 can take advantage of what we have learned and done. In that way, I hope ISFiT21 has contributed to the development of ISFiT as a whole. What are your goals for ISFiT21? It is very important to me that ISFiT21 is a safe and important festival for all students. With the pandemic ongoing, an important part of ISFiT has been to take care of students - as well as the entire population, to contribute to limiting the spread of the virus. However, that does not mean that we cannot create an important festival. I even think creating this festival is more important now with students feeling isolated all across the globe. Another goal for ISFiT21 is to shed light on both our possibilities and responsibility in creating knowledge; to make students discuss, use their voice and think, because a central part of the theme and ISFiT is to engage students across Trondheim and across the world to participate physically or digitally at ISFiT and the discussion around this year’s theme. And in the end, I hope that the volunteers of ISFiT21 have had a good experience, that they have been challenged, evolved, discussed, made new friends, and that they are proud of what we have created together.

Marianne Skarpen

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Protesters expressing their solidarity with the women in Poland.

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PERSONAS 2 0 2

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FRANCiSCO JAViER LÓPEZ FRANCO

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PERSONAS 2 0 2

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INTERNATiONAL V O i C E S

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Hanne Mortensen Rustad

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PERSONAS 2 0 2

\\ 1

INTERNATiONAL V O i C E S

M A L A W i

JOHN KUMWENDA

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PERSONAS 2 0 2

\\ 1

INTERNATiONAL V O i C E S

N i C A R AG UA

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