Regions of the Head
9. Oral Cavity & Perioral Regions
Lingual Mucosa
Palatopharyngeal arch
Epiglottis
Fig. 9.47 Surface anatomy of the lingual mucosa Superior view. The tongue is endowed with a very powerful muscular body, making possible its motor functions in mastication, swallowing, and speaking. However, its equally important sensory functions (including taste and fine tactile discrimination) are made possible by the specialized mucosal coat covering the dorsum of the tongue. The parts of the tongue can be discussed as a root, a ventral (inferior) surface, an apex, and a dorsal surface. The V-shaped furrow on the dorsum (sulcus terminalis) divides the dorsal surface into an oral portion (comprising the anterior two thirds) and a pharyngeal portion (comprising the posterior one third).
Lingual tonsil
Foramen cecum Palatine tonsil Palatoglossal arch
Posterior (pharyngeal) part
Sulcus terminalis
Dorsum
See detail in Fig. 9.48A
Anterior (oral) part
Median furrow Apex
Filiform papillae
Vallate papilla
Fungiform papilla Papilla Nonkeratinized, stratified squamous epithelium Lingual aponeurosis
Sulcus Wall of papilla Taste buds
Lingual muscles
Excretory duct of a serous gland Keratinized squamous epithelium on tips of papillae
A Tip of papilla (partially covered by keratinized epithelium)
C
Excretory duct of gland
D
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Foliate papillae
Serous gland
E
Fig. 9.48 Papillae of the tongue The mucosa of the anterior dorsum is composed of numerous papillae (A), and the connective tissue between the mucosal surface and musculature contains many small salivary glands. The papillae are divided into four morphologically distinct types (see Table 9.10):
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B
Taste buds
Connective tissue cox
Serous glands (von Ebner glands)
• Circumvallate (B): Encircled and containing taste buds. • Fungiform (C): Mushroom-shaped and containing mechanical and thermal receptors and taste buds. • Filiform (D): Thread-shaped and sensitive to tactile stimuli (the only lingual papillae without taste buds). • Foliate (E): Containing taste buds.
© 2009 Georg Thieme Verlag KG
9/28/09 1:27:20 PM