EXTRINSIC FORCES (External Pressure Habits and Orthodontic Appliances)
1. All clinical orthodontics is based on moving teeth by 2. 3. 4.
deliberately altering the force equilibrium on the dentition. Teeth can be moved effectively by a force of only a few grams provided that the force is maintained continuously. The duration of force is a more critical variable in orthodontic treatment than force magnitude. The same is true for external pressure habits, such as thumb sucking.
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