Austin Today

Sam Tedford City of Austin, Planning and Zoning Department May 3, 2019 Austin Community Wildfire Symposium

Outline •

Shaping Austin

•

Austin Today

•

A City in a Region

•

Suburbanization and Sprawl

•

Segregation and Stratification

•

Development Trends

urban planning, urbanization, and segregation

The Plan of the City of Austin created in 1839

by Judge Edwin Waller

Freedmen’s Communities

map from the City of Austin East Austin Historic Survey and based on research from Michelle Mears’ 2009 book: “And Grace Will Lead Me Home: African American Freedmen Communities of Austin, Texas, 1865-1928”

Clarksville

Streetcar System

A City Plan for Austin, Texas 1928 •

created the “Negro District” in East Austin

•

placed most industry in East Austin

•

laid the groundwork for red lining, displacement, and long-lasting racial divides

“Separate but Equal” Keeling JR High 1935

“all the facilities and conveniences be provided the negroes in this [negro district], as an incentive to draw the negro population to this area. This will eliminate the necessity of duplication of white and black schools, white and black parks, and other duplicate facilities for this area.”

Old Anderson High School 1967

“impossible to desegregate�

Redlining

Restrictive Covenants Hyde Park property advertisement

Rosedale neighborhood deed restriction

Restrictive Covenants “No lot shall be sold or leased to any Mexican or person of Negro blood or to any corporation or firm composed of Negros or Mexicans�

Post WWI Suburbanization and White Flight

Interstate Highway 35

East 11th Street Property Destroyed

Urban Renewal

photos taken by property assessors of homes in East Austin AR.1996.008-150

1928 Plan + Restrictive Covenants + Redlining + Urban Renewal

Inheriting Inequality

Inheriting Inequality

rapid population growth and profound diversification

Data Source: Ryan Robinson, Population Histories and Forecasts 2018

Economic Growth Year over year percent change in job growth

Data Source: Texas Workforce Commission and US Bureau of Labor Statistics, CES

Non-Farm Payroll Jobs

Majority-Minority

Data Source: US Census Bureau, Decennial Census Total Population, 2017 American Community Survey Population Estimate

Data Source: US Census Bureau, Decennial Census Total Population, 2017 American Community Survey Population Estimate

Data Source: US Census Bureau, 1990, 2000, 2010 Decennial Census, 2017 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates

Where are Austinites from?

18% of Austinites were born outside of the US

Most Common Countries of Origin for Foreign-Born Population: 1.

Mexico

2.

India

3.

China

4.

Honduras

5.

Vietnam

6.

South Korea

7.

El Salvador

8.

Guatemala

9.

Cuba

10.

Canada

Foreign Born - Africa 1%

Foreign Born Latin America 11%

Foreign Born - Asia 5% Foreign Born - Europe 1%

US born - other territory 2%

US born - West 7% US born - South 8%

29% of Austinites were born outside of Texas but within the US

US born Midwest 7%

US born - Northeast 5% Data Source: US Census Bureau, 2016 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates

Born in Texas 53%

Language Diversity Most Common Languages Spoken in Austin: 1.

Spanish

2.

Chinese (Mandarin and Cantonese)

3.

Arabic

4.

Vietnamese

5.

Korean

Data Source: US Census Bureau, 2017 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates

Austin Age Structure by Race and Ethnicity 65 plus

66.1%

55 to 64

19.0%

62.2%

45 to 54

24.8%

51.8%

49.8%

33.7%

25 to 34

50.3%

31.7%

41.5%

10 to 17

36.8%

33.7%

0 to 9 0%

10%

7.3%

6.4%

9.6%

7.4%

47.6%

20%

30% White

40%

Latino

Data Source: US Census Bureau, 2016 American Community Survey via Ryan Robinson

50%

African American

8.6%

60%

70%

Asian

Multiracial

80%

3.7%

6.1%

6.2%

48.3%

32.1%

4.9%

8.6%

32.4%

35 to 44

18 to 24

8.6%

8.2%

8.6%

2%

3%

8.3%

4%

6.3%

4%

6.4%

90%

5%

100%

Austin in context and its declining share of regional growth

Austin in Context •

11th Largest City in the United States

•

One of the Fastest Growing Metro Areas in the Country

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Austin-Round Rock Metropolitan Statistical Area •

Travis County

•

Williamson County

•

Hays County

•

Caldwell County

•

Bastrop County

City’s share of regional growth on the decline.

Austin’s take of regional population growth was only 23% last year, meaning that 77% of all new population growth in the region landed outside of Austin proper.

Data Source: US Census Bureau, Decennial Census Total Population, 2017 American Community Survey Population Estimate

Data Source: US Census Bureau, Annual Estimates of the Resident Population

Data Source: US Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program 2018

Worker Flows for Austin (2014)

Data Source: US Census Bureau, 2014 On the Map

suburbs take the lead in regional growth

Data Source: New York Times, “Seattle Climbs but Austin Sprawls”; US Postal Service analysis of 2016 US Counties – US Census Bureau population and housing estimates

Between 2008 and 2016, Austin developed a land area equivalent to the size of the city of San Francisco.

Austin Developed Land Area Year

Developed Land Area

1970

53 sq mi

2010

342 sq mi

2016

372 sq mi

Austin MSA Population Change 2010 to 2017 -

Cedar Park

-

Leander

-

Georgetown

-

Pflugerville

-

Buda

-

Kyle

-

San Marcos

stubborn geographic segregation and widening disparities

Non-Hispanic White Share of Total

Neighborhoods of Color All Races and Ethnicities Other than non-Hispanic White

Data Source: US Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, via Ryan Robinson

Data Source: US Census Bureau, 2000 and 2010 Decennial Censuses, via Ryan Robinson

Median Family Income

2016

Data Source: US Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, via Ryan Robinson

% Change from 2011 to 2016

Austin Families

by Income Bracket 2000 to 2016

Data Source: US Census Bureau, 2000 Decennial Census, 2010 and 2016 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates, via Ryan Robinson

$100,000

$90,000

Austin Median Household Income

$87,269

$80,000

$84,406

$70,000

$60,000

$50,000

In 2017 City:

$67,755

Metro Area:

$73,800

$49,472

$42,853

$40,000

$30,000

The difference between the median income of a white household and black household was over $40,000.

Poverty rate = 13.1%

$20,000

$10,000

$-

2005 2006 2007 White Non-Hispanic Asian

2008

2009 2010 2011 Latino / Hispanic

2012

Median Household Income

2013

2014 2015 2016 2017 Black / African American

Austin’s recent economic success has not yet meant prosperity for all.

Shares of Household Income

Data Source: US Census Bureau, 2016 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates

Data Source: US Census Bureau, 2015 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates

rising unaffordability and dynamic change

Data Source: January 2018 Austin Board of Realtors

Austin, Texas 2018 median home price:

$367,000 average rent:

$1,235 persons experiencing homelessness:

2,147 cost-burdened households:

37%

Data Source: US Census Bureau via Housing Works Austin, Austin Board of Realtors via Ryan Robinson