Smart Stick Design for Blind Person using Arduino Controller

IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research & Development| Vol. 4, Issue 02, 2016 | ISSN (online): 2321-0613

“Smart Stick Design for Blind Person using Arduino Controller” Jay P. Bhadarka1 Pratikkumar S. Patel2 Yogesh R. Pal3 Hiren S. Parmar4 1,2,3,4 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering 1,2,3,4 Dr. Subhash Technical Campus, Junagadh (Gujarat), India Abstract— In order to help the visually challenged people, we design a smart stick. Using this stick he/she can walk more confidently. The smart stick that alerts visuallyimpaired people for obstacles using different sensors are controlled through arduino controller. In this design arduino controller plays a major role and we are using various sensors i.e. Ultrasonic sensor, Smock sensor, Water sensor, temperature sensor for efficient work of smart stick. As any of the obstacle detected respective sensor get activated and the according to specific obstacle different sound pattern is generated through buzzer. Thus blind person can identify specific obstacle and according to situation he/she can tack precaution while travel from one place to another.

Key words: Arduino Controller (ATmega328), Ultrasonic sensor, Arduino Controller, Temperature sensor (LM 35), Water sensor, Smock sensor(MQ-2), Buzzer, Smart Stick

III. BLOCK DIAGRAM

I. INTRODUCTION

Fig. 1: Block Diagram

Vision is the most important part of human physiology as 83% of information human being gets from the environment is via sight. The 2011 statistics by the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that there are 285 billion people in world with visual impairment, 39 billion of which are blind and 246 with low vision . The traditional and oldest mobility aids for persons with visual impairments are the walking cane (also called Smart Stick) and guide dogs.

The most important drawbacks of these stick are necessary skills and training phase, range of motion and very little information conveyed. With the rapid advances of modern technology, both in hardware and software front has brought potential to provide detection of obstacles.

Walking safely and confidently without any human assistance in urban or unknown environments is a difficult task for blind people. Visually impaired people generally use either the typical white cane or the guide dog to travel independently.

Although the white stick gives a warning about 1 m before the obstacle, for a normal walking speed of 1.2 m/s, the time to react is very short (only 1 s). The stick scans the floor and consequently cannot detect certain obstacles (rears of trucks, low branches, etc.). Safety and confidence could be increased using devices that give a signal to find the direction of an obstacle-free path in unfamiliar or change in environments. SMART STICK are devices that give off a warning by buzzer or/and vibrator when an obstacle is in the way and allow the user to avoid it.

A. Controller Unit The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller, based on the ATmega328 (datasheet). It has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz crystal oscillator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started. The Uno differs from all preceding boards in that it does not use the FTDI USB-toserial driver chip.

II. OBJECTIVE We are Implement different types of sensor in stick for designing this model for blind person they can sense obstacle in front of her path using ultrasonic sensor, detect heat using LM 35 (Temperature sensor), detect any type of gas using Smock sensor and it is also detect water using rain sensor.

B. Sensors Unit There are basic four sensors used in smart stick as follows: 1) Ultrasonic sensor 2) temperature sensor 3) Rain sensor 4) Smock sensor C. Power Supply Unit The power supply unit provides the sufficient power to the different units to make it work. The sensor unit & microcontroller unit wants the exact 5 volt each.

IV. INPUT UNIT A. Ultrasonic Sensor In this article we will use a Parallax Ping sensor with an Arduino Controller. The Ping sensor is an ultrasonic sensor which allows you to measure automatically and continuously distance between moving or stationary objects, a very handy capability when it comes to create an autonomous robot.

The principle of work of this sensor is really basic.

It emits a signal, waits for the echo to return and measure the time to whole process took. Because we know how fast the sound travel through the air, we can convert the measured time into distance. Output from the PING sensor

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is a variable-width pulse that corresponds to the distance to the target.

B. Temperature Sensor The LM35-series devices are precision integrated-circuit temperature sensors, with an output voltage linearly proportional to the Centigrade temperature. The LM35 device has an advantage over linear temperature sensors calibrated in Kelvin, as the user is not required to subtract a large constant voltage from the output to obtain convenient Centigrade scaling.

Lower cost is assured by trimming and calibration at the wafer level. The low output impedance, linear output, and precise inherent calibration of the LM35 device makes interfacing to readout or control circuitry especially easy.

The device is used with single power supplies, or with plus and minus supplies. As the LM35 device draws only 60 μA from the supply, it has very low self-heating of less than 0.1°C in still air. The temperature-sensing element is comprised of a delta-V BE architecture.

C. Rain Sensor This module allows you measure moisture via analog output pins and it provides a digital output when a threshold of moisture is exceeded. The module is based on the LM393 op amp. It includes the electronics module and a printed circuit board that “collects” the rain drops. As rain drops are collected on the circuit board, they create paths of parallel resistance that are measured via the op amp.

The lower the resistance (or the more water), the lower the voltage output. Conversely, the less water, the greater the output voltage on the analog pin. A completely dry board for example will cause the module to output five volts.

electromechanical lock on a door, which emits a buzz, indicating that the lock has been moved to the open position.

VI. HARDWARE MODEL

Fig.2: Structure of Smart Stick It is based on the use of new technologies to improve visually impaired person's mobility. Our project based on temperature detection, obstacle detection and water detection. It will be real boon for the blind. The developed prototype gives good results in detecting obstacles paced at distance in front of the user.

In this figure shown different sensor implement in different place as they required. In this system we are going to use an obstacle detection sensor as the heart of the system. In this module we are going to interface an obstacle sensor that will keep on emitting a signal generated by the Arduino. This signal after hitting the obstacle will be received back. This echo signal collected by the sensor receiver and based on computing signal thus alerting the person well in advance about the obstacle.

D. Smock Sensor In this project, we will go over how to build a smoke sensor circuit with an arduino Controller. The smoke sensor we will use is the MQ-2. This is a sensor that is not only sensitive to smoke, but also to flammable gas. The MQ-2 smoke sensor reports smoke by the voltage level that it outputs. The more smoke there is, the greater the voltage that it outputs. Conversely, the less smoke that it is exposed to, the less voltage it outputs. The MQ-2 also has a built-in potentiometer to adjust the sensitivity to smoke. By adjusting the potentiometer, you can change how sensitive it is to smoke, so it's a form of calibrating it to adjust how much voltage it will put out in relation to the smoke it is exposed to.

We had wire the MQ-2 to an arduino so that the arduino can read the amount of voltage output by the sensor and sound a buzzer if the sensor outputs a voltage above a certain threshold. This way, we will know that the sensor is detecting smoke and we will sound a buzzer alerting a person such as a homeowner to this fact.

V. OUTPUT UNIT Buzzers are very widespread in usage and are found on an incredible number of different devices. Buzzers are frequently employed to give a user or operator an audio indication of the stage of a mechanical device. For instance, “buzzing someone in” refers to opening an

Fig.3: Hardware of Smart Stick

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VII. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE By implementing this stick we can able to do Obstacle detection, Water detection, Temperature sense, can hear the sound of detected specific obstacle using buzzer as a output.

It can be further enhanced by using VLSI technology to design the PCB unit. This makes the system further more compact. Also, use of active RFID tags will transmit the location information automatically to the PCB unit, when the intelligent stick is in its range. The RFID sensor doesn’t have to read it explicitly.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

[7] Grayhill, Inc. • 561 Hillgrove Avenue • LaGrange, Illinois 60525-5997 • USA • Phone: 708-354-1040 • Fax: 708-354-2820 • www.grayhill.com.Page NO-1.

[8] Mohd Helmy Abd Wahab, Amirul A. Talib, Herdawatie A.Kadir, Ayob Johari, A. Noraziah, Roslina M. Sidek,Ariffin A. “Smart cane: assistive cane for visually impaired people”, IJCSI, Vol.8 Issue 4, July 2011.

[9] Abhishek Choubey, Dattatray Patil, “RFID Based Cognition Device for Assistance to Blind and Visually Challenged Persons for Indoor Use”, International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology (IJEIT) Volume 1, Issue 6, June 2012.

We take an opportunity to acknowledge and extend our heartfelt gratitude to our HOD and the pivot of this enterprise, Prof. Ritesh B. Vaghasiya who is most responsible for helping me complete this work. He showed me different ways to approach the problems and the need to be persistent to accomplish my goal. His discernment in the choice of topic, his confidence in me when I doubted myself and his admirable guidance are some cogent reasons that make me aver that without his support this thesis would be a chimera.

We are also thankful to Director, Head of Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering for cooperation and support to complete this work. We would also like to express our thanks to DSTC, JUNAGADH providing necessary facilities. We would also convey our thanks to HOD, staff members and lab technicians of Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering for their continues support.

REFERENCES [1] G.Gayathri#1, M.Vishnupriya#2, R.Nandhini#3, Ms.M.Banupriya#4, “Smart Walking Stick For Visually Impaired” International Journal Of Engineering And Computer Science, ISSN:2319-7242, Volume 3 Issue 3 March, 2014 Page No. 4057-4061.

[2] Srirama Divya, B. Navya, P. Suma Manasa, S. Chitra, “Ultrasonic And Voice Based Walking Stick For The Blind”, (Affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University) Hyderabad 500 090,2013.Page No-1.

[3] Shruti Dambhare, “Smart stick for Blind: Obstacle Detection, Artificial vision and Real-time assistance via GPS”, 2nd National Conference on Information and Communication Technology (NCICT) 2011 Proceedings published in International Journal of Computer Applications® (IJCA). Page No-1.

[4] Rev.A, “AVR-MT128 development board”July 2008 Copyright(c) 2008, OLIMEX Ltd, All rights reserved, REV.A - created September 2008 [5] Atmel Corporation 2325, “8-bit Microcontroller with 16K Bytes In-System Programmable Flash”, Orchard Parkway San Jose, CA 95131 USA, 2466T–AVR– 07/10, Page No.1 [6] Rohit Sheth1 , Surabhi Rajandekar2 , Shalaka Laddha3 , Rahul Chaudhari4 “Smart White Cane – An Elegant and Economic Walking Aid”American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER) e-ISSN : 2320-0847 pISSN : 2320-0936 Volume-03, Issue-10, pp-84-89 www.ajer.org

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