compared to rural ones, but overall rates are low, ranging from 1.1% in the rural baseline to 6.2% in the urban baseline. In the case of credit, levels have increased through time in rural areas; unfortunately this question was not included in the rural baseline data but rates range from 3% in the control group of the first rural follow-up to 20.8 percent in the urban baseline. A large increase between the first and second follow-ups in rural areas can be seen in the data; however it seems strange that such an increase could be observed in a one year period.
Data The study presents the results from a household survey of 658 beneficiaries of Familias en Accion in six cities who at the time of the survey received their payments in cash and using debit cards provided by the program. The study combines three instruments in order to have a comprehensive view of the process: (i) a small survey of six urban cities, (ii) one focus group per city studied and (iii) a set of semi-structured interviews with beneficiaries, bankers and Familias en Acci贸n Personnel. Table 2 below shows the distribution of the various instruments implemented as part of the project. Table 2: Sample of beneficiaries by instrument and by city. City
Number of surveyed households
Number of participants in
Number of
each focus group
interviews
Bogota
220
20
6
Valledupar
59
20
11
Monteria
133
16
13
Pasto
91
23
20
Sincelejo
93
18
14
Cali
62
28
9
Total
658
125
73
A total of 658 households answered the survey, 125 persons from the six cities participated in the focus groups and a total of 73 persons from the program and from the 8