Desracines - Bulletin des musées de la Ville de Liège

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Extraits d’un entretien avec Yves Winkin anthropologue, au milieu des oliviers

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Entretien avec Jean-Marie Klinkenberg sémiologue, dans la maison de Guy Massart, sur le plateau de Herve

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Observations ;YVPZ VIZLY]H[PVUZ n TL[[YL LU t]PKLUJL +»HIVYK S»OPZ[VPYL KL JLZ HYIYLZ LZ[ PYYt N\SPuYL 3LZ HYIYLZ JOHUNLU[ K»PKLU[P[t L[ KL TPSPL\ KL ]VJH[PVU KL WYHNTH[PX\L 7YLTPuYLZ VIZLY]H[PVUZ KVUJ! LU PU[L YHJ[PVU H]LJ S»O\THPU JLZ HYIYLZ Z»H]uYLU[ v[YL K»\UL ]LYZH[PSP[t YLTHY X\HISL L[ TvTLZ TVY[Z PSZ WLYMVYTLU[ LUJVYL 7V\Y KLZ HYIYLZ J»LZ[ HZZLa L_[YHVYKPUHPYL PSZ VU[ JOHUNt KL WVZP[PVU NtVNYHWOPX\L WS\ZPL\YZ MVPZ KHUZ SL\Y ]PL 7YVK\J[L\YZ KL IPLU KL WYLTPuYL UtJLZZP[t LU ,ZWHNUL KHUZ SL\Y [LYYVPY WLUKHU[ KLZ ZPuJSLZ PSZ KL]PLUULU[ LU Z\P[L KLZ THYJOHUKPZLZ UVU WS\Z KL S»HNYV HSPTLU[HPYL THPZ KL S»VYULTLU[H [PVU 3L\Y UV\]LS \ZHNL SL\Y MHP[ X\P[[LY S»,ZWHNUL \UL LZJHSL KHUZ SL :\K KL SH -YHUJL WV\Y LUZ\P[L ZL YL[YV\]LY WYuZ KL 3PuNL K»V PSZ H\YHPLU[ K [YV\]LY SL\Y KLZ[PUH[PVU ÄUHSL ,UÄU LU[YL UVZ THPUZ PSZ KL]PLUULU[ ­ J\SW[\YLZ UH[\YLSSLZ ® TH[tYPH\ L[ µ\]YLZ LU ZVP L[ Sn LUJVYL PSZ KtTtUHNLU[ L[ ZL [YV\]LU[ H\ TPSPL\ K»H\[YLZ t[HU[Z LUJVYL WHY \U YL[V\Y n S»PTTVIPSP[t JVTTL KLZ ]tNt[H\_ LU KtJVTWVZP[PVU WHYTP K»H\[YLZ +L NYHUKZ UVTHKLZ JLZ VSP]PLYZ

± JOHX\L t[HWL PSZ JOHUNLU[ KL JVSSLJ [PMZ O\THPUZ HUPTH\_ ]tNt[H\_ ZVS JSPTH[ SPL\ MVUJ[PVU ¯ KL ZVJPt[t 3LZ t[HU[Z X\P PU[LYHNPZZLU[ H]LJ L\_ n JOH J\UL KL JLZ t[HWLZ ZVU[ IPLU KPMMtYLU[Z KLZ WH`ZHUZ TV`LUoNL\_ n S»HY[PZ[L SPt NLVPZ LU WHZZHU[ WHY SLZ KHPTZ L[ SLZ ZHUNSPLYZ L[ [HU[ K»H\[YLZ VIQL[Z L[ t[HU[Z ,UÄU SL WYVQL[ +LZYHJPULZ SLZ \[PSPZL JVTTL KtJSLUJOL\Y K»tTV[PVUZ JVTTL Z[PT\SH[L\YZ UL\YVUH\_ JVTTL KLZ ZPNULZ JVTTL KLZ WYV]VJH[L\YZ K»PU[LSSPNLUJL KLZ VIQL[Z n ]VJH[PVU HY [PZ[PX\L *HY ÄUHSLTLU[ J»LZ[ JLSH SH JOHYWLU[L KL JL WYVQL[ JVTTL K»H\[YLZ X\L :VUNLZ ]L\[ TLULY ! MHPYL WLUZLY LU Z»HT\ZHU[ WLUZLY WHY SLZ ZLUZ JYtLY KLZ KPZWVZP[PMZ µ\]YLZ n WHY[PY K»\UL LUX\v[L ,U[YL SL Kt[LJ[P]L S»HY[PZ[L L[ SL QV\L\Y SLZ HYIYLZ JVTTL KLZ KtP[tZ ]VKV\ ZVU[ JOL]H\JOtZ WV\Y UV\Z MHPYL KtJV\]YPY K»H\[YLZ OVYPaVUZ L[ WLYZWLJ [P]LZ

+L\_PuTL VIZLY]H[PVU SL WYVJLZZ\Z KL ]PL KLZ HYIYLZ LU JL KPZHU[ QL UL JVUZP KuYL WHZ ZL\SLTLU[ SH WtYPVKL V SLZ HYIYLZ ZVU[ IPVSVNPX\LTLU[ ]P]HU[Z H\ ZLUZ V SL WVTVSVN\L SL KtÄUP[ +\ WVPU[ KL ]\L KL SH THZZL L[ SH TH[PuYL KL S»HYIYL SL WYVJLZZ\Z LZ[ PUJYtTLU[PLS !

K\YHU[ WS\ZPL\YZ JLU[HPULZ K»HUUtLZ WLUKHU[ SLZ KL SH K\YtL KL ZH ]PL S»HYIYL NHNUL LU ]VS\TL THZZL " [V\[L MVPZ KL THUPuYL SLU[L WHYJL X\L JVU[Y StL WHY SLZ MLTTLZ L[ SLZ OVTTLZ X\P SL J\S[P]LU[ ± WHY[PY K\ KtYHJPULTLU[ VU HZZPZ[L n \U KtWLsHNL \UL T\L PSZ WLYKLU[ KLZ WHY[PJ\SLZ H\ M\Y L[ n TLZ\YL KLZ THUPW\SH[PVUZ HIHUKVU KL SL\YZ YHJPULZ KHUZ SL ZVS LZWHNUVS IYHUJOLZ JV\WtLZ YHKPJLSSLZ HYYHJOtLZ " Z\Y SL JHTPVU \U JV\W KL [YVUsVUUL\ZL U»LZ[ QHTHPZ n tJHY[LY JVTTL WV\Y WV\]VPY ZL MH\ÄSLY KHUZ SL [\UULS KL *VPU[L ,UZ\P[L JYPZL KHUZ SL ZVS ILSNL VU SLZ YL[HPSSL WV\Y SLZ Z[YLZZLY L[ SL\Y KVUULY SL JV\W KL MV\L[ WV\Y X\»PSZ YLWYLUULU[ ZLJ[PVUZ JV\]LY[LZ KL THZ[PJ ]tNt[HS ,UZ\P[L [P YtZ KL SL\Y [LYYL K»HJJ\LPS PSZ ` SHPZZLU[ LUJVYL X\LSX\LZ ÄIYLZ YHJPULZ JVT TLUJL SL UV\]LH\ LU[YLWVZHNL n ZLJ WLY[L KL JHPSSV\_ KL [LYYLZ NYHZZLZ

t[YLPU[LZ LU[YL SLZ YHJPULZ [LYYL IYPX\L X\P [VTIL ,[ W\PZ SLZ TVYJLH\_ K»tJVYJL X\P ZL Kt[HJOLU[ JVTTL \UL WLH\ X\P KLZX\HTL THPZ SLU[LTLU[ KV\JLTLU[ ZPSLUJPL\ZLTLU[ ;V\[LMVPZ H\ ÄS KL JL KtWLsHNL PUKP]PK\LS SL JVS SLJ[PM ZL KLUZPÄL n TLZ\YL X\L SLZ VSP ]PLYZ ZL KtJVTWVZLU[ PSZ H\NTLU[LU[ LU LU]LYN\YL L[ Z»PU[uNYLU[ KHUZ SL TP SPL\ 0SZ KP]LYZPÄLU[ SL\Y WYtZLUJL L[ SL\YZ LMML[Z Z\Y SL\YZ SPL\_ KL YtZPKLUJL " KHUZ JLZ WHNLZ KHUZ SLZ L_WVZP[PVUZ X\P Z\P]LU[ PSZ ZL WLYWt[\LU[ 3L\Y MVYTL JVU[PU\L KL JOHUNLY WV\Y KLZ YHPZVUZ KPMMtYLU[LZ WL\[ v[YL THPZ JL[[L MVPZ LUJVYL Z\YWYLUHU[LZ ]VPYL T`Z[t YPL\ZLZ " SLZ HYIYLZ UV\Z YHJVU[LU[ K»\UL WHY[ S»OPZ[VPYL K»\U TVUKL X\P JOHUNL LU TV\]LTLU[ X\P Z»HKHW[L L[ K»H\[YL WHY[ JLSSL K»\U HNLU[PHSP[t X\P KtWHZZL SH ]PL IPVSVNPX\L L[ PU[YHZWtJPÄX\L ,UÄU \UL JOVZL LZ[ JSHPYL SLZ HYIYLZ JVTTL SLZ VIQL[Z VU[ \UL ]PL ZVJPHSL (WWHK\YHP *L[[L ]PL ZVJPHSL LZ[ PU[LYZWtJPÄX\L L[ SH WO`[VZVJPVSVNPL KLZ VSP]PLYZ U»H KL ZLUZ X\L KHUZ SL JHKYL K»\UL ZVJPVSVNPL KL JVSSLJ[PMZ JVZTVWV SP[LZ ! 3H ]PL KLZ ]tNt[H\_ UL WL\[ ZL JVTWYLUKYL ZHUZ SL\Y PU[LYHJ[PVU H]LJ SLZ HUPTH\_ L[ LU WHY[PJ\SPLY SLZ O\THPUZ 3»VSP]PLY LZ[ SP[[tYHSLTLU[ MVYTt WHY S»O\ THPU KLW\PZ KLZ TPSStUHPYLZ 0S LZ[ PUJVU ZPKtYHISLTLU[ L_WSVP[t WHY S»O\THPU JVTTL SL ZV\SPNUL (Y[O\Y =LYSL`L 3»HYIYL X\P THYJOL KL 7H\S /LUY` UV\Z JVU]HPUJ KL WHYSLY KL JVSSHIVYH[PVU LU[YL S»VSP]PLY L[ S»O\THPU L[ K»H\[YLZ t[HU[Z K»HPSSL\YZ JHY UV\Z H]VUZ IPLU JLSH LU JVTT\U SH W\SZPVU KL WYVSVUNH[PVU KVU[ WHYSL 1LHU 4HYPL 2SPURLUILYN ± JL QL\ SLZ KL\_ LZWuJLZ ` VU[ ZLTISL [ PS NHNUt 3LZ )YtZPSPLUZ PTWVY[LU[ KLZ WYV K\P[Z KL S»VSP]PLY WV\Y KLZ JLU[HPULZ KL TPSSPVUZ KL KVSSHYZ WHY HUUtL *»LZ[ H\ [HU[ \U Z\JJuZ tJVUVTPX\L KLZ )YtZPSPLUZ X\L KL S»VSP]PLY KL JVUZ[H[LY X\»H\ Z\K K\ )YtZPS KLZ VSP]PLYZ HKHW[tZ ZVU[ KtZVYTHPZ J\S[P]tZ L[ WYVK\PZLU[ KL S»O\PSL ,U[YL S»HYIYL L[ S»OVTTL PS ` H JVS SHIVYH[PVU X\HUK IPLU TvTL SLZ KL\_ WHY[LUHPYLZ ZVU[ PUtNH\_ SL\Y JHWHJP[t KL JVU[YHPU[L KL S»H\[YL KPMMuYL

Q\PU

32

Evocations

n \U H\[YL [LTWZ L[ \UL ­ KPZZVS\[PVU ® JYtH[YPJL " SL MHP[ X\»PSZ ZLY]LU[ KL Z\WWVY[ 3LZ VSP]PLYZ ÄN\YLU[ 3L\Y OPZ[VPYL SL\YZ L[ UV\YYP[\YL n KL T\S[PWSLZ VYNHUPZTLZ MVYTLZ t]VX\LU[ K»H\[YLZ JOVZLZ L[ L[ X\L JL[[L ]PL KPMMtYLU[L WLYTL[[L tNH J»LZ[ KVUJ WHY PUMtYLUJL X\L SLZ VSP]PLYZ SLTLU[ KL UV\Z MHPYL WLUZLY TL YH]P[ JVTT\UPX\LU[ 0SZ WYV]VX\LU[ KLZ HZ ZVJPH[PVUZ 3L Z\JJuZ JVTTLYJPHS PUKt UPHISL KL S»O\PSL K»VSP]L Z\Y SLZ THYJOtZ Actions PU[LYUH[PVUH\_ SH KLTHUKL LZ[ LU JYVPZ ZHUJL JVUZ[HU[L LZ[ PUKPZZVJPHISL KL ,UÄU SLZ VSP]PLYZ MVU[ L[ MVU[ MHPYL KLZ ZVU PTWVY[HUJL JVU[LTWVYHPUL 3H ZPU JOVZLZ SL\Y HNLU[PHSP[t ;YuZ WYVZH{X\LZ N\SHYP[t SH THZZL SH MLY[PSP[t SH SVUNt]P[t K»HIVYK 3LZ ]PZP[L\YZ KL JLZ VSP]PLYZ L[ S»HZZVJPH[PVU H]LJ \UL HPYL L[ \UL OPZ YHZZLTIStZ ZLTISLU[ [V\QV\YZ ]P]YL SH [VPYL ZLTISLU[ Kt[LYTPUHU[LZ KHUZ SH TvTL ZtX\LUJL ! n S»HYYP]tL [V\Z Z»HY JHWHJP[t KLZ VSP]PLYZ n NtUtYLY Tt[H Yv[LU[ YLNHYKLU[ PS ` H \U TVTLU[ KL WOVYLZ L[ Tt[VU`TPLZ +»HIVYK SLZ VSP Z\ZWLUZPVU WHZ KL IY\P[ \UL ZVY[L KL ]PLYZ J»LZ[ SL ­ Z\K ® SL 4PKP SH JV\Y[ PUZ[HU[ K»VIZLY]H[PVU HIZVYItL 4tKP[LYYHUtL SLZ ]HJHUJLZ ¯ :»PSZ ,UZ\P[L YHWPKLTLU[ SLZ WLYZVUULZ ZL t]VX\LU[ SL Z\K \U VSP]PLY KHUZ \U QHYKPU MH\ÄSLU[ ]LYZ \U HYIYL L[ WHZZLU[ SH K\ UVYK YLKtÄUP[ S»LUKYVP[ K»HPSSL\YZ SLZ THPU 3LZ VSP]PLYZ KVUULU[ LU]PL KL SLZ L_LTWSLZ K»VSP]PLYZ KHUZ SLZ QHYKPUZ K\ [V\JOLY 3LZ LUMHU[Z L[ JLY[HPUZ HK\S[LZ 5VYK TVU[YLU[ ZV\]LU[ KLZ HTtUHNL ]L\SLU[ ` TVU[LY :»` PUZ[HSSLY =VPYL SLZ TLU[Z YLWYVK\PZHU[ KLZ [VUZ L[ TH[t LTIYHZZLY 4VP H\ZZP Q»HPTL LTIYHZZLY YPH\_ K\ Z\K KL S»,\YVWL SLZ HYIYLZ THPZ QL U»HPTL WHZ v[YL ]\ LU 0SZ t]VX\LU[ S»L_PS SLZ WLYZVUULZ tTP NYtLZ X\P VU[ K X\P[[LY SL\Y WH`Z K»VYP NPUL WHY UtJLZZP[t tJVUVTPX\L L[ X\P ZL YL[YV\]LU[ n ]P]YL H]LJ KPMÄJ\S[tZ V\ UVZ [HSNPL " PSZ ZL ZLU[LU[ ­ KtYHJPUtZ ® Sn V PSZ ]P]LU[ 3LZ VSP]PLYZ MVU[ H\ZZP WLUZLY n SH ZP[\H[PVU KLZ 7HSLZ[PUPLUZ KVU[ SLZ [LYYLZ ZVU[ VJJ\WtLZ WHY KLZ JVSVUZ L[ SLZ VSP]PLYZ HYYHJOtZ 3LZ HYIYLZ ZVU[ SP[ [tYHSLTLU[ T\[PStZ W\PZX\L [HPSStZ WHY S»LU[YL[PLU L[ S»L_WSVP[H[PVU KL S»OVTTL +»LTIStL KLZ JVYWZ T\[PStZ [VYK\Z KL KV\SL\YZ JV\WtZ LZ[YVWPtZ Z\YNPZZLU[ n S»LZWYP[ PTHNLZ KL THZZHJYLZ L[ T\[PSH [PVUZ KLZ N\LYYLZ K\ L ZPuJSL

[YHPU KL SL MHPYL PS ` H KL S»PU[PTP[t KHUZ S»LTIYHZZHKL H]LJ \U HYIYL ,[ J»LZ[ Sn \UL JOVZL X\L MVU[ SLZ HYIYLZ JVTTL SL Kt]LSVWWL 1LHU 4HYPL 2SPURLUILYN KHUZ ZVU LU[YL[PLU ! TtKPLY ,U LTIYHZZHU[ S»HYIYL J»LZ[ Z YLTLU[ JL[[L TtKPH[PVU LU[YL SL OH\[ SL ]LY[PJHS SL WOHSSPX\L L[ SL IHZ SH [LYYL SH TH[YPJL SH IHZL SLZ LU MLYZ KLZZV\Z L[ SH [LYYL JL[[L TtKPH[PVU KVUJ JL[[L JVUUL_PVU YtJVUMVY[HU[L X\»VMMYL S»HYIYL 3»HYIYL JVUULJ[L SL JPLS L[ SH [LYYL *OVZLZ PU[PTLZ KVUJ X\L SLZ LUMHU[Z VU[ TVPUZ KL W\KL\Y X\L SLZ HK\S[LZ n JVTTL[[YL 3LZ ]PZP[L\YZ HPTLU[ ZL MH\ÄSLY LU[YL SLZ HYIYLZ JVTTL KHUZ \UL WL[P[L MVYv[ [V\JOHU[ t]LU[\LSSLTLU[ \U [YVUJ V\ S»H\[YL 0SZ Z»HYYv[LU[ YLNHYKLU[ \U HYIYL LU WHY[PJ\SPLY Su]LU[ SLZ `L\_ [V\YULU[ H\[V\Y K»\U H\[YL ,[ W\PZ ]VPSn PSZ JVT TLUJLU[ n WHYSLY KL JL X\»PSZ ]VPLU[ *LZ HYIYLZ HPUZP NYV\WtZ JYtLU[ \UL ZJuUL X\P PU]P[L H\ JVU[HJ[ n SH KtHTI\SH[PVU H\_ HZZVJPH[PVUZ Z`TIVSPX\LZ \UL ZJuUL X\P [LUK Z YLTLU[ ]LYZ SL TH JHIYL

6U ` ]VP[ KLZ MVYTLZ K»HUPTH\_ SHWPU NPYHML KLZ WLYZVUUHNLZ ]PLPS OVTTL NV\SL 3H [L_[\YL KL SL\Y [YVUJ ZV\Z S»tJVYJL t]VX\L S»tStWOHU[ 0SZ MVU[ ZV\ ]LU[ WLUZLY n KLZ v[YLZ UVU ]tNt[H\_ 7HYMVPZ VU SL\Y WYv[L KLZ JVTWVY[LTLU[Z O\THPUZ ! ­ PSZ LU VU[ ]\ KLZ JOVZLZ ® <UL JLY[HPUL [YPZ[LZZL WYtKVTPUL SLZ H]LU[\YLZ L[ SLZ MVYTLZ HJ[\LSSLZ KLZ HYIYLZ ` WV\ZZLU[ ! ­ JPTL[PuYL K»tSt WOHU[Z ® WHJO`KLYTLZ tJOV\tZ 0S MH\[ JVTTL TVP SLZ H]VPY WHZ THS MYtX\LU[tZ (\[YL HJ[PVU ! S»VSP]PLY Kt[LPU[ Z\Y ZVU WV\Y ZL YtQV\PY ZPTWSLTLU[ KL SL\Y YL[V\Y Q\PU

33

PTWVY[H[L\Y S»PUKP]PK\HSP[t HJX\PZL JLSSL KL S»VSP]PLY YLOH\ZZL ZVJPHSLTLU[ JLSSL KL S»HJX\tYL\Y +HUZ JL ZLUZ S»VSP]LY WVZZtKt ¶ JVTTL K»H\[YLZ ]P]HU[Z L_V [PX\LZ X\L S»VU JV[VP[ KHUZ SL [L_[L KL 3V\PZL 4HZZHY[ UV\YYP[ SL WYLZ[PNL L[ KtTVU[YL SH THz[YPZL KL ZVU WYVWYPt[HPYL Z\Y S»LZWHJL LU NtUtYHS 3H WVZZLZZPVU KL S»VSP]PLY KtTVU[YL SH JHWHJP[t K\ WYV WYPt[HPYL n JVUZ[P[\LY ZVU LZWHJL \UL [oJOL H\[YLMVPZ YtZLY]tL H\_ WS\Z W\PZ ZHU[Z

3»HYIYL LU NtUtYHS VMMYL \U OH]YL \U YL WVZVPY \U JV\]LY[ SHYNL ZV\Z SLX\LS VU WL\[ Yv]HZZLY QV\LY K\ WPWLH\ Z»HPTLY V\ JOHU[LY S»HTV\Y ¯ 3»HYIYL PU]P[L n SH WH\ZL 3»HYIYL HJJ\LPSSL WYV[uNL L[ Yt JVUMVY[L :V\Z S»HYIYL n ZVU WPLK VU ]VPZPUL SL Yv]L L[ VU Z»PTTLYNL KHUZ \U [LTWZ KPM MtYLU[ SVPU KL S»HNP[H[PVU K\ TVUKL S»HYIYL L[ S»HYIYL THZZPM KYVP[ ]PL\_ KL Z\YJYVz[ TL[ LU WLYZWLJ[P]L SLZ t]tUL TLU[Z K\ X\V[PKPLU JL\_ K»\U [LTWZ O\THPU X\L S»HYIYL UL JVUUHz[ WHZ " S\P LZ[ KHUZ SH JYVPZZHUJL L[ SH MY\J[PÄJH[PVU S»LUK\YHUJL L[ S»HKHW[H[PVU SH YLZWPYH[PVU ZVU[ SLZ ZHPZVUZ \UL [LTWVYHSP[t KPMMt YLU[L¯ 3L [LTWZ LZ[ LZZLU[PLS KHUZ S»HNLU[PHSP[t KL S»VSP]PLY ZH JHWHJP[t n HNPY <U KLZ [LTWZ KL S»VSP]PLY LZ[ J`JSPX\L SLZ VSP]LZ T YPZZLU[ HUU\LSSLTLU[ *VUJLW[\LSSLTLU[ VU WLUZL SL [LTWZ JVTTL \U Y`[OTL YtN\SPLY TLZ\Yt

Discussion avec Arthur Verleye pomologue, devant une feuille de papier où il dessine pédagogiquement de petits schémas explicatifs

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