Support
Portfolio.
Pratibha Singh Masters of Science in Architecture and Urban Design 2019 - 2020
Re-Defining Capital: Addis Ababa City Center
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Green It, Clean It!
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Spring 2020 | Urban Design Studio III
Fall 2019 | Urban Design Studio II
Towards an Equitable Health care system in the Hudson Valley
20
The Break Space: Designing the Sunnyside Yards Edge
26
Organic Waste NYC: Systems Research
32
The Rent Stories
36
Imagining Circular Bio-economies at the Amazonian Frontier
38
Vulnerability Assessment in the Brazilian Amazon
42
Cyprus Buffer Zone
44
Fall 2019 | Urban Design Studio II
Summer 2019 | Urban Design Studio I
Summer 2019 | Urban Design Studio I
Summer 2019 | Digital Techniques
Spring 2020 | Speculative City: Crisis, Turmoil, and Projections in Architecture
Fall 2019 | Geographic Information Systems
Fall 2019 | Difference and Design
Re-Defining Capital
Addis Ababa City Center Urban Design Studio III - Water Urbanism Addis Ababa Spring 2020 Team: Einat Lubliner, Hatem Alkhathlan, Sushmita Shekar
Playground
Addis Ababa is considered the diplomatic capital of Africa. Today, the main city center is going through rapid development including large influx of people and capital. The government and foreign developers are implementing a generic vision of a ‘modern developed city’. Driven by foreign investments, which extract capital from the city rather than benefit the locals. Although perceived as progressive, this development is in fact fragmenting the city, destroying ecosystems, and widening socioeconomic gaps. There is ecological degradation that will worsen with the Beautifying Sheger proposal to channelize the river by concreting its banks and creating exclusive public spaces, mimicking the global trend of riverfront development.These imported ideologies of development fail to address the current challenges of Addis Ababa. There is potential to reverse this type of urbanism driven solely by real estate interests to a multifunctional capital system. Hence we propose an inclusive development where financial capital is only a means towards enhancing social, and ecological capital.
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5
Addis Ababa
Proposed Scenario Multifunctional
City Center
Improving connectivity and flexibility of spaces 1. Activate vacant lot 2. Road diet 3. Bike lanes 4. Cultural path connection
Improve Housing
Inclusive Recreation Local Economic Empowerment
Recharge Aquifer
Water Collection
Mitigate Flood
Filter Water
Social Capital Ecological Capital
Farmer market
Ecological Capital
Trading unit+solar
Cultural path
Irreecha festival ponds
Museum connection
Riparian vegetation
What If? A “world class” city center is envisioned to leverage social and ecological capital in support of ecosystem restoration, an inclusive public realm and the local economy?
Strengthening existing social organizations
Funding
Edir/ Equb
Green Jobs
Edir/ Equb
Director, Urban Center
Housing Improvement
Public Space Improvement
“The river is dirty and people use it to throw garbage.”
Edir/ Equb
Nature trail
Improve Connectivity
Retain Cultural Characteristics
Incremental Change
River Trash Collectors
-50%
From a trigger of social node to housing
Coverage
Local materials
Stormwater Collection
Green Jobs
Training Playgrounds
Teaching
Saba Local Resident
Trading
Fishing
Kebele Housing
Business Improvement
Filwoha
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Support Local Economies
Social Capital Ecological Capital
Local Resident
CBD Edir/Equb Edir/ Equb
“If we manage to turn the city to face the River, it will create a new facade for the city.” Maheder Gebremedhin
Kechene Piazza
Solar Energy
Recharge wells
“He (developer) makes the water clean. It is good but I don’t like it. He takes out people and moves them outside.”
Edir/ Equb
Government
Meskel Square
Anchor Institutions
Research
Regulations
Jamal General Services
Road Diet
NGOs Trust Fund
Global Partners
“This is the core of the city and developing the River here will grab attention.”
Bike lane
Improving housing conditions through social and ecological networks
Private Developers Banks
Permeable pavement
Filtering
Social Capital Credits
Community
Mercato Akaki
Stormwater reuse
Trade
Biogas
Gray water treatment
Custodians
Community Garden
Teaching
Retention ponds
Filtration + Irrigation
Stormwater storage
Training
Trade
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Integrating Ecological Capital to the development of the city
Social Capital Ecological Capital
Trigger: Wetlands, Riparian Vegetation, Public Spaces
Growth: Weaving the River edges to the city fabric
Network: Integrated Development, Green Corridors, Pocket Parks
+25% Affordable Housing Government Policy
Commercial
Green Jobs
Riparian Vegetation
Public Bath
Pocket Parks Public Space
Bird Nesting Habitat
Bikelane
Bioswale
Constructed Wetlands
Integrated Development
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Permeable Surfaces
Improved Connectivity
Flood Mitigation Retention Ponds
Constructed Wetlands
Geothermal Energy
Inclusive Public Facilities
Geothermal Energy
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Plan for sustainability through social and ecological systems
Flexible design solutions that are resilient and adaptive to growth +21 Acres
Accessibility to the river + Community centers Incremental housing
+
Active recreational Spaces
Community farming
+16,000 kg C/yr
+
Pedestrian zones
Music concert
Increase in Riparian Vegetation + Green Cover
+
+
Connectivity. Cultural & Social Network. Economic Programes. Incremental Housing & Integrated Development.
Edir celebrations
Informal trade Wetland plantation
Handicraft market
Markets
Additional CO2 Sequestered
Integrated development
600 - 650
Ecological restoration and expansion. Water cleaning, collection & recharge. Sewage infrastructure. Green avenues
Pocket parks
Ecological
Riparian vegetation
Retention ponds
Permeable surfaces
Geothermal
STPs
Trash collectors
Green Jobs Created
Flood Mitigation +200,000 gallons
Playing fields Irrecha celebrations
Floodwater Holding Capacity
+40% Kebele Housing Additional Housing
Up to +$6 Million Kebele Housing
Ambassador Theater
Filwoha Hot Springs
Addis Ababa Int. Staduim
Gihon Hotel
Meskel Square
Monetary Savings
Enabling the River as a cultural asset
Autumn
Summer
Winter
Spring
Utilizing the recreational and ecosystem service potential of the River Social Capital Ecological Capital
Recreational Public Bath
Farmers & craft market
Pervious cultural path
Social Capital Ecological Capital
Flexible vending spaces
Geothermal Energy River Trail
Road diet
Performance stairs
Trading Units Recreation Spots
Green Jobs Bird Nesting Habitat
Festive ponds
Social Capital Credits Constructed Wetlands
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Contaminated lands in the Hudson Valley
Green It, Clean It! Urban Design Studio II - Hudson Valley Region Fall 2019 Team: Anai Perez, Danwei Pan, Zixuan Zhang
Around 130,000 acres of land in the Hudson Valley have been contaminated by the direct and indirect influence of industries. Our project proposes to transform these wastelands into community assets that can tackle contamination, while improving soil health, sequestering carbon and restoring the productivity of the land. This process enables us to open up the site to the people and develop further relationships with the surroundings, providing recreational and economic benefits for the community. The programs generate a wide range of jobs in research and manufacturing sectors, as well as low skilled maintenance jobs, supporting the low income and de-industrialized communities and strengthening the local economy. These sites become places for continued research and education about nature as an enabling infrastructure.
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Analysis
Property Area: 258 Acres Demolished Area: 19 Acres Industrial Parcel: 20 Acres Data center/ Industrial Parcel: 16 Acres Mixed Use Parcel: 10 Acres Parking Parcel: 39 Acres Office Parcel: 3 Acres
IBM Access Point Highway Road
Timeline, Funding & Policy
4
Sectional timeline, policies and phasing on the site
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15
GreenGreen House House
Floor Harvest
1
System AxonometricFloor Harvest System Axonometric Research Center
1 5 Vertical
Vertical Biodome
Biodome Hydroponics Hydroponics Concrete Shell Structure
Glass Panels
Glass Panels
Plaza
Library/Reading Room
Floor Harvest
1 5
Research Center
Vertical
Floor Harvest
1
Research Center
5 12
Administration Laboratory Research Room
Hydroponics
Vertical Concrete Shell Structure
Library Concrete Shell Structure Herbarium
Hydroponics Exhibition Area Demostration Lab Plaza
Classroom
Library/Reading Room
Research Center
5 12
Plaza
Library/Reading Room
Administration Administration Laboratory
12
Laboratory
Research Room Research Room
Research Center
5
Concrete Shell Structure Library Library Herbarium Herbarium Exhibition Area Demostration Lab Library/Reading Classroom Room
Exhibition Area
Plaza
7
Demostration Lab Classroom
Administration
12
Concrete Shell Laboratory Structure Research Room
Library Herbarium
Library/Reading Room
Exhibition Area
Demostration Lab Classroom
Plaza
7
Administration
12
7
Laboratory Research Room
Library Herbarium
Exhibition Area Demostration Lab
7
Classroom
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Towards an Equitable Health care System in the Hudson Valley
Urban Design Studio II - Hudson Valley Region Fall 2019 Team: Claudia Kleffmann, Niharika Shekhawat, Yi Zhang
The present Health care system in the Hudson Valley lacks accessibility, both in physical and also monetary aspects. The internal structure of the private and public health care system and insurance make it hard for citizens to access and afford basic health care. This leads to a larger uninsured population and creates a vicious cycle, since unattended illnesses usually end up getting worse and therefore becoming more expensive to treat. In addition, rural areas are disconnected from basic medical care, making them more dependent on private cars, which contribute to a bad environment. Hence, another vicious cycle is created with the Carbon Footprint of the Health care sector, which represents 10% of the total Carbon Footprint of the United States. This leads to environmental pollution and climate change, eventually leading to more health issues needing health care. However, there are multiple ways of reducing this footprint, through working with local communities and retrofitting of buildings. By reducing carbon emissions, we can lower the amount of money spent, allowing for the reinvestment and proper distribution for a just and equitable health care system.
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s
d
ce
LEADERSHIPS
Network creation
ENT
Members
42%
GREENE
PUTNAM
COLUMBIA WESTCHESTER
people/employer spend RENSSELAER ALBANY more on healthcare
people/employer spend more on healthcare ULSTER
ORANGE
had difficulties paying for their medical bills
63%
10.00%
$440 during average patient stay.
1 hour
Putnam Hospital Central
Sharon Hospital
Americans
had difficulties paying for their medical bills
of Americans spent most or all Hospitals Catskill Regional Medical Group their savings to pay for their mediPrimary Care 63% cal bills
Vassar Brothers Medical Center
Danbury Hospital
Long Term Healthcare of Americans mostBased or all Health Centers spent School their savings to Orange Regional Medical Group Diagnostic and Treatment Centers pay for their medical bills
less to spend on other things/services
Putnam Hospital Central
Railroads
Roadways
UNIVERSAL HEALTHCARE SYSTEM
minutes - Hospitals
Source: New York State Department of Health
NON-PROFIT CHEAPER
REDIRECTING FUNDS
$10,224
AWARENESS GENERATOR
RETHINKING PRICES
+
CARBON REDUCTION
COST UPGRADING REDUCTION INFRASTRUCTURE
+
+
how? REDIRECTING SAVINGS
EQUITABLE ACCESSIBLE PREVENTIVE
AWARENESS GENERATOR
CARBON REDUCTION
COST UPGRADING REDUCTION INFRASTRUCTURE
REDUCTION
COST UPGRADING REDUCTION INFRASTRUCTURE
how? REDIRECTING SAVINGS
EQUITABLE ACCESSIBLE PREVENTIVE
REDIRECTING SAVINGS
EQUITABLE ACCESSIBLE PREVENTIVE
40%
$10,224 10.00% #35Department USA of Health Source: New York State
REDIRECTING FUNDS
THINKING WITH THE GREEN NEW DEAL
Water bodies
UNIVERSAL HEALTHCARE SYSTEM
RETHINKING PRICES
NON-PROFIT CHEAPER
REDIRECTING FUNDS
THINKING WITH THE GREEN NEW DEAL
Norwalk Hospital
Westchester Medical Center
radius/10 minutes - Clinics
5 mile radius/10 minutes - Hospitals Hospitals people/employer spend cost of products/services Primary Care more on healthcare 10.5 mile radius/17 minutes increases - Hospitals Long Term Healthcare
$10,224 10.5 mile radius/17 minutes - Hospitals
Water bodies
how?
AWARENESS GENERATOR
RETHINKING PRICES
Norwalk Hospital CARBON
UNIVERSAL Westchester HEALTHCARE SYSTEM Medical Center
Source: New York State Department of Health
of insured
10.5 mile radius/17 minutes - Clinics
increases
NON-PROFIT CHEAPER
5 mile radius/10 minutes - Clinics 10.5 mile radius/17 minutes - Clinics Northern Dutchess 5 mile radius/10 minutes - Hospitals Hospital 10.5 mile radius/17 minutes - Hospitals New Milford Hospital 30 mile radius/50 minutes - Hospitals
IV BAG Single bag cost
25%
THINKING WITH THE GREEN NEW DEAL
Railroads
Roadways
IV BAG Single bag cost
BEDPAN Original cost 1$
5 mile radius/10jobs minutes Clinics move- to places
$4,902
Medical Center Danbury Hospital
Diagnostic and Treatment Centers Orange Regional Medical Group
137$
withminutes cheaper healthcare 10.5 mile radius/17 - Clinics consumption expenditures national debt increases cost of products/services capita in US dollars,2017 5 mile radius/10 minutes - Hospitals
USA
Norwalk Hospital
Westchester
Vassar Brothers Medical Center
Catskill Regional Medical Group
137$
minutes - Hospitals Health consumption expenditures #21 Canada $4,826 HealthHealth consumption Carbon expenditures Footprint 30 as mile %18% radius/50 US GDP per capita of National in US dollars,2017 Carbon Footprint Water bodies per capita in US dollars,2017
#15 France 1.51 #35 USA#35
Putnam Hospital Central
Sharon Hospital
13%
10.00%
Danbury Hospital
New Milford Hospital
9%
6.90%
$5,141 during
health Railroads decreases Roadways
#35 USA
#21 Canada
Vassar Brothers Medical Center
Orange Regional Medical Group
8%
#35 USA #35 USA
per
Catskill Regional Medical Group Northern Dutchess Hospital
7% 5%
5.10% Health Health Carbon Carbon Footprint Footprint as %per capita of National Carbon Footprint
+
Bon Secours Community Hospital
Primary Care
PLASTIC CUPS average patient stay.
debt increases 5 mile
PUTNAM
more on healthcare
New Milford Hospital Sharon Hospital
Long Term Healthcare PLASTIC CUPS
Diagnostic and Treatment Centers
jobs move to places ROCKLAND with cheaper healthcare %people/employer Health spend national debt increases
#35 USA
#15 France
jobs move to places with cheaper healthcare health nationaldecreases debt increases
Northern Dutchess Hospital
Catskill Regional
Sharon Hospital Hospitals
RUBBER GLOVES
30 mile radius/50 School Based Health Centers
debt increases
WESTCHESTER
Health Carbon Footprint as of National Carbon Footprint
#21 Canada
1.51479.7
BEDPAN pay for their mediOriginal cost 63% cal bills 1$ of Americans of Americans had to getspent a most or all second job their savings to to pay for pay theirfor their medi63% 42% medical bills cal bills
less to spend on cost of products/services other things/services increases
Sharon Hospital
+Medical Center
3% 3%
0.52
or all their savings to
cost of products/services increases
health decreases
Sharon Hospital
$4,717
Margaretville Hospital
10$
$440 during 100$ average patient stay.
spent most
COLUMBIA
Lack of interaction between Hudson Valley Healthcare Networks #21 Canada
18% US GDP
11%
1.51
ULSTER
0.83 Health Carbon Health Carbon Footprint Footprint per capita in Mt
#35 USA
25%
$10,224
$4,826
1
#35 USA
debt increases less to spend on other things/services
GREENE
+
Lack of interaction between Hudson Valley Healthcare Networks
53$
OPERATION IV BAG OVERHEAD LIGHTS Single bag cost Single operation cost of Americans
debt increases
RENSSELAER
ROCKLAND RENSSELAER
ALBANY ORANGE
TISSUE $440 during original cost <1$
Americans
DUTCHESS
COLUMBIA
#15 France
to pay for their medical bills
Source: Bureau of Communicable Disease Control Data 2018
School Based Health Centers
137$
of insured
less to spend on other things/services
second job
DUTCHESS
479.7
of Americans had to get a
DUTCHESS WESTCHESTER
10$
100$
BEDPAN ALCOHOL SWABS Original cost $322 during average patient stay 1$
PUTNAM
ORANGE
#35 USA #21 Canada
OPERATION OVERHEAD LIGHTS Single operation cost
More than 100.4
Lyme disease Incidence quartile distribution
other services
DUTCHESS
PUTNAM
WESTCHESTER
ULSTER
Health Carbon Footprint perROCKLAND capita 479.7
+
#3 Japan
Easier for employers to give better health coverage + Pre-tax cash to buy own premium
75% - 85% similar to regular wa
DUTCHESS
8$
PLASTIC CUPS
$5,141 during $87.50 during
of insured OPERATION Americans 75% - 85% similar to regular waste OVERHEAD LIGHTS had difficulties second job ALCOHOL SWABS paying for their to pay for their 5% - 25% infectious sharps, $322 during Singlewaste: operation 25% anatomical, pathological, general 42% patient medical bills medical average stay bills cost of Americans and highly infectious waste of insured in U.S.A. had to get a Americans chemical and radioactive had difficulties second job 3% waste: pharmaceutical, laboratory, to pay for their cleaning, heavy metals, pesticides paying for their 25% 42% medical bills medical bills Americans had to get a
65 years 7.60% and older + Permanently disabled + Admits with pre-existing condition
+
5% - 25% infectious waste: sha anatomical, pathological, gen and highly infectious waste
COLUMBIA
10$ PLASTIC CUPS
$440 during average patient stay.
NURSE 100$ RUBBER GLOVES ADMINISTRATION
93.5$
ALCOHOL SWABS $322 during average patient stayof
ALBANY
ALBANY
Carbon Footprint in Mt
TISSUE
COLUMBIA
RENSSELAER
53$
$5,141 during average patient stay.
original cost <1$ travel, supply chain, logistics
RENSSELAER
ALBANY
GREENE
ULSTER GREENE
Health Carbon Footprint in Mt
8%
6.25$
RUBBER GLOVES
3% chemical and radioac waste: pharmaceutical, laborat cleaning, heavy metals, pesticide
LEADERSHIPS
other services 93.5$
23$
LEADERSHIPS chemical 3 and radioactive waste: pharmaceutical, laboratory, cleaning, heavy metals, pesticides
GREENE
ULSTER
ORANGE
ROCKLAND
+
3%
9%
+
Bon Secours Community Hospital
#15 France $4,902 Lack of interaction between Hudson Valley Healthcare Networks #7 Sweden $5,511
Federal/state govt Jeffersonville pay premium ins m + 20 Grover M. Hermann For people with low Hospital income
YM
E
RC
3
53$
8$
1 hour
1 hour
s
ce
vi
s
ENT
Network creation
8$
TISSUE
original cost <1$ agriculture: provision of food
7% average patient stay. RUBBER GLOVES average patient stay average patient stay. TISSUE $5,141 during 5% pharmaceutical products $87.50 during original cost <1$ OPERATION average patient stay. 100$ 23$ patient stay 23$ 93.5$ 137$ 93.5$ waste treatment average 3% OVERHEAD LIGHTS IV BAG ALCOHOL SWABS BEDPAN $322 during Single bag cost Original cost Singlemining, operation primary industries: forestry 3% average patient stay 1$ cost products plastic/rubber 1%
5% - 25% infectious waste: sharps,
anatomical, pathological, general 2 RESILIENCE highly infectious waste
manufacturing: metals, textiles
11%
#21 Canada
Catskill Regional
+Medical Center
energy: electricity, gas, heating, cooling
Application of knowledge and
Members in U.S.A.+
13%
NURSE 23$ ADMINISTRATION NURSE $87.50 during transport: average patient stay ADMINISTRATION
waste: pharmaceutical, laboratory, cleaning, heavy metals, pesticides 1 MITIGATION
Spreading knowledge
operational emissions
ins
m
0 - 38.4 38.4 - 100.4
#35 USA
10.00%
Employer pays 5.10% $2.7 gas per hour 20 lb CO2 premium + use $1200 min. per 6.90%67 lb CO2 Remaining premium $12000 min.comes per use out 1,200 of lb CO2 4.50% paycheck
20
+ Westchester Medical Center
Source: Bureau of Communicable Disease Control Data 2018
PATIENT B: Lyme Disease
YM
ENT
YM
ENT YM
E
RC
E
RC
E
RC
ins
Margaretville Hospital
operational emissions
RESILIENCE
34.4
+
+ Westchester Medical Center
1 hour
2
#35 USA
jobs move to with cheaper healthcare national debt increases
Bon Secours Community Hospital
r
34 m
+
Grover M. Hermann Hospital
manufacturing: metals, textiles
Application of knowledge
#21 Canada Health 29.7
Good Samaritan placesHospital
Jeffersonville
agriculture: provision of food
75% - 85% similar to regular waste 3% chemical and radioactive
LEADERSHIPS MITIGATION
RESILIENCE
ou
transport: travel, supply chain, logistics
+
RESILIENCE
3 1
MITIGATION
70 mins
and highly infectious waste
Members in U.S.A.
2
Greenhealth
1h
+
+
rs
pharmaceutical products waste treatment primary industries: mining, forestry plastic/rubber products
Greenhealth MITIGATION
BALANCE BILLING
MISC. DIVERSE BALANCE BILLING COSTS
6.25$ 6.25$
75% - 85% similar to regular waste 3% chemical and radioactive
Network creation Spreading knowledge
P R A C T I C E
m
+
ou
+
Hospitals have an arbitrary cost setting mechanism 0 - 38.4 called a “charge master,”. It sets the prices for the POSSIBLE LAWSUIT COSTS items03 and services Provided by the hospital, inflated 38.4 - 100.4 Hospitals have an Balance arbitrary cost setting mechanism from item to item, and varies by hospital. More than 100.4 BALANCE BILLING BALANCE BILLING HEALTHCARE WORKER billing very least unethical and WAGES oftenmaster,”. illegal. 04is at the called a “charge It sets the prices for the Hospitals have an arbitrary cost setting mechanism HospitalsLyme have disease an arbitrary cost setting mechanism Incidence quartile distribution items and by the hospital,called inflated Bureau of Communicable Disease It Control Data the 2018 called a “charge master,”. It setsservices the pricesProvided for the a Source: “charge master,”. sets prices for the NEW TECH FUNDS from item tohospital, item, inflated and varies by hospital. items Balance items05 and services Provided by the and services Provided by the hospital, inflated from item to item, and varies bythe hospital. item to item, and varies by hospital. Balance billing is at veryBalance least unethical and oftenfrom illegal. 53$ 10$often MISC. BALANCE BILLING billing veryDIVERSE least unethical and illegal. COSTS billing is at the very least unethical and often illegal. 06is at the
NEWenergy: TECHelectricity, FUNDSgas, heating, cooling 40%
NURSE ADMINISTRATION $87.50 during average patient stay
waste: pharmaceutical, P R A C Tlaboratory, I C E HEALTH CARE cleaning, heavy metals,waste: pesticides 5% - 25% infectious sharps, CLIMATE COUNCIL Greenhealth anatomical, pathological, general
P R A C T I C E
Application of knowledge
#35 USA
06
6.25$ 8$ COSTS MISC. DIVERSE BALANCE BILLING
anatomical, pathological, general and highly infectious waste
Members in U.S.A. 1
20
+
Catskill Regional Medical Center
1 hour
P R A C T I C E
Greenhealth
HEALTH CARE
2h
health Bon Secours Community decreases s min 40
HEALTH CARE CLIMATE COUNCIL
#15 France
NEW TECH FUNDS
06
pharmaceutical products ENERGY transport: travel, supply chain, logistics waste treatment 3% AND WATER primary industries: mining, forestry 5% 2nd most intensive 3% pharmaceutical products energy using building plastic/rubber products 1% type in the US. US Health waste treatment 3% Care sector spends $6.5 75% - 85% similar to regular waste billion on energy. primary industries: mining, forestry 3% 5% - products 25% infectious waste:1% sharps, plastic/rubber
ENERGY AND WATER
22
05
5% 7%
2nd most intensive energy using building type in the US. US Health Care sector spends $6.5 billion on energy.
3
MISC. DIVERSEWORKER BALANCE BILLING COSTS HEALTHCARE WAGES
05
BALANCE BILLING DRUGS AND EQUIPMENT COSTS 02 INFLATED
WAGES
06 04
3% 8% 3% transport: travel, supply chain, logistics 7% plastic/rubber products 1%
2nd most intensive energy using building type in the US. US Health Care sector spends $6.5 billion on energy.
creation
TECHLAWSUIT FUNDS COSTS POSSIBLE 05 03 HEALTHCARE WORKER 04 NEW
9% 7% 9% 5% 8%
agriculture: provision of food pharmaceutical products PHARMAother services waste treatment CEUTICALS other services primary industries: mining, forestry
PHARMAENERGY CEUTICALS AND WATER
2
POSSIBLE LAWSUIT COSTS COSTS 03 INFLATED HEALTHCARE WORKER WAGES DRUGS AND EQUIPMENT 04 02
11% manufacturing: metals, textiles11% manufacturing: metals, textiles other services 8%
CLIMATE COUNCIL Spreading knowledge
P R A C T I C E
agriculture: provision of food
provision of food transport: agriculture: travel, supply chain, logistics
ion of knowledge
Greenhealth
13% 9%
operational emissions
TRANSPORT
1
Medicare
PUBLIC
PRIVATE INSURANCE Employer Provided HEALTHCARE #21 Canada 0.83 INSURANCE SYSTEM IN THE US
Members in U.S.A.
operational emissions
transportation intensive industry: ambulances, hospital vehicles, delivery vehicles, staff and patient travel
PHARMACEUTICALS
ng knowledge
MITIGATION
11% 13%
manufacturing: metals, textiles
TRANSPORT
ALTH CARE MATE COUNCIL
1
13% 40%
operational emissions energy: electricity, gas, heating, cooling
transportation intensive industry: ambulances, hospital vehicles, delivery vehicles, staff and patient travel
sive ing alth $6.5 gy.
ed
40%
cal equipment
transportation intensive industry: ambulances, hospital vehicles, delivery vehicles, staff and patient travel
GY ER
+
$4,717
67 lb CO2
ins
#21 18% US GDP $12000 min. perCanada use 1,200 lb CO2
ins
Source : Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
+
PURCHASING goods for use in hospienergy: gas, heating, cooling tal: beds, electricity, linens, medi-
TRANSPORT
ALS
s
+
$5,511 Jeffersonville
Grover M. Hermann MidHudson cost of products/services Regional Hospital Hospital increases
24 min
1 hour
177.8 - 201.1
or
40%
energy: electricity, gas, heating, cooling
goods for use in hospital: beds, linens, medical equipment
RT
ST
packaged food
PURCHASING
sive stry: pital ehient avel
HEALTHCARE SYSTEM IN THE US
NY
PURCHASING
spiedient
A
industrial agriculture: mass production, meat consumption, highly processed and food goodspackaged for use in hospital: beds, linens, medical equipment
US TOT
ST
FOOD
NG
#35 USA
479.7
EMISSIONS
r to
or
NY
FOOD
#3 Japan
$4,717
people/employer spend more on healthcareJeffersonville
serious illness/disorders
ROCKLAND
Employer Provided
RESILIENCE
ST
W O RKFO
industrial agriculture: mass production, meat consumption, highly processed and packaged food
ure: on, on, and ood
r
2forc
NY
ec W O R K F14% O
r to
A US TOT
L
WESTCHESTER
+
$5,511 7.60%
$4,902
Margaretville Hospital #7 Sweden
Hospital
or
ST
A US TOT
E E M P LhO ealth s L
OD
r to
NY AT
W O RKFO
Expensive healthcare
LEADERSHIPS
or
r to
health s ec 14%
se
LACK OF ACCESSIBILITY (PHYSICAL + MONETARY)
PUTNAM
1.51 #35 USA + Remaining premium 65 years and older Employer PRIVATE Employer Provided comes outpays of #21+Canada premium INSURANCE paycheck 2.6 BILLION METRIC TONS Permanently disabled USA USA + #15 France #15 France #15 France 34.4 Medicare 0.52 + 65 years and older PUBLIC Remaining premium EMISSIONS EMISSIONS 10% 10% INSURANCE + comes out of Admits with U.S.A. HEALTH SECTOR #7 Sweden #7 Sweden #7 Sweden 4.1 0.42 Permanently paycheck disabled pre-existing condition + Medicare Medicare 65 yearsPUBLIC and older PUBLIC Admits with #3 Japan #3 Japan #3 Japan 114.9 0.9 U.S.A. HEALTH SECTOR Medicaid Federal/state govt health s + INSURANCE INSURANCE pre-existing condition ec 12% t Permanently disabled pay premium Medicaid Federal/state govt + + UNITED KINGDOM pay premium Admits with U.S.A. HEALTH SECTOR U.S.A. HEALTH SECTOR For people with low + UNITED alth s health s health s heKINGDOM pre-existing condition ec ec e c AT t For people with low income 12% t 14% E E M P12% LO Medicaid Medicaid Federal/state govt income Affordable Healthcare Easier for employers to payAct premium Affordable Healthcare Act Easier for employers to + (Obamacare) UNITED KINGDOM UNITED KINGDOM give better health (Obamacare) give better with health AT AT L For people low E E M PL O E E MBACK FO CO2 EMISSION TRACED TO SOURCE O R KOUTPUT P L O BACK coverage CO2WEMISSION OUTPUT TRACED TO SOURCE coverage income + + Affordable Healthcare Act Affordable Healthcare Act Easier for employers Pre-tax cash to buy toPre-tax cash to buy (Obamacare) (Obamacare) give better health 01 ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS own premium COSTS 01 ADMINISTRATIVE own premium CO2 EMISSION OUTPUT TRACED BACK TO SOURCE CO2 EMISSION OUTPUT TRACED BACK TO SOURCE coverage + 02 INFLATED DRUGS AND EQUIPMENT COSTS FOOD industrial agriculture: Pre-tax cash to buy 02 INFLATED DRUGS AND EQUIPMENT COSTS mass production, meat consumption, LAWSUITCOSTS COSTS ADMINISTRATIVE 03 01 POSSIBLE 01 ADMINISTRATIVE ownCOSTS premium highly processed and HEALTH
health s ec 12% t
re
ensive health car exp es erv ek se ic ’t es on not preventive
3
health s ec 14%
EMISSIONS USA
#35 USA
SECTOR10%5% #21 Canada 29.7
2.6 BILLION METRIC TONS
se
ek HEALTHCARE PRIVATE lth ca mo r e e x p e n siv e h e a need SYSTEM INmore THE USfor health moreINSURANCE spending ed
EMISSIONS
ic erv for he a lt h c a r e s more need for health care services
ed
rc
GLOBAL
5%
to
+
#3 Japan
DUTCHESS
ORANGE
serious illness/disorders
fo
HEALTH SECTOR
es
ed
EMISSIONS
2.6 BILLION METRIC TONS
Patients
a ore e x p e n siv e h e
LACK OF ACCESSIBILITY Patients+ (PHYSICAL MONETARY) more spending for cure
HIGH CARBON Health Care Facilities Expensive healthcare FOOTPRINT
#3 Japan 7.60%
$1200 min. per use
18% US GDP
#15 France
$4,902
4.50% #7 Sweden
+
$10,224
$4,826 #21 Canada
201.1 - 218.9 Employer pays 218.9 - 232.6 premium 0 - 38.4 232.6 - 253.6 more spending care services r r USA for cure for cure + 253.6 - 303.3 to to se se 38.4 - 100.4 se se re re ne ne s s a a e e e e c c ed ed ic Remaining premium Cardiovascular Disease Rate per 10,000 people km r vi c lt h ervk m orHealth Carbon for he Health for he EMISSIONS a lt h ore e Footprint per capita Health Carbon Footprint as % Health consumption expenditures More than 100.4 re se Carbon e e x p e n siv e h e a a lt h c a r e s GLOBAL Footprint in Mt x p e n siv e h e 10%alth52caBILLION comes out of METRIC TONS HEALTHCARE PRIVATE Employer Provided Employer pays of National Carbon Footprint capita in US dollars,2017 Lyme disease Incidenceper quartile distribution paycheck INSURANCE premium SYSTEM IN THE US
METRIC TONS
HEALTH 52 BILLION SECTOR METRIC 5% TONS
+ +
rc
ne
52 BILLION GLOBAL
LLION METRIC TONS
HIGH CARBON FOOTPRINT more need for health care services
fo
5%
Claudia Kleffmann, eNiharika Shekhawat, r he areYisZhang a lt h c Pratibha Singh,
Health Care Facilities
EMISSIONS
HEALTH SECTOR
d fo
ed
Claudia Kleffmann, Niharika Shekhawat,
52 BILLIONPratibha GLOBAL Singh, Yi Zhang
METRIC TONS
Patients
rc
ee
ve health c health care se pensi are rveikc ex vide se ULSTER rvi pro se es ce ’t s on not preventive more spending pollute environment LACK OF r toACCESSIBILITY for cure se e s(PHYSICAL Expensive healthcare serious illness/disorders + ee ar c k MONETARY) m lt h
fo
HIGH CARBON s e FOOTPRINT r vi c
Health n Care Facilities
0.9
s
not preventive
vi
health care se rvic vide es pro
more need for health pollute environment care services
Claudia Kleffmann, Niharika Shekhawat, Pratibha Singh, Yi Zhang
on
debt increases
PATIENT B: Lyme Disease
$2.7 Margaretville gas per hour 20Hospital lb CO2
1 hour
pollute environment
4.50% COLUMBIA serious illness/disorders GREENE
s
114.9
d
#3 Japan
0.42
6.90%
#15 France
#7 Sweden
#21 Canada
1,200 lb CO2 $4,826
ins
Health Care Facilities
d
#7 Sweden 4.1
#15 France
10.00%
67 lb CO2
$120005.10% min. per use #21 Canada
m
Towards an equitable Towards an equitable Healthcare Healthcare Healthcare System System System
6.90%
RENSSELAER
ALBANY
#35 USA $1200 min. per use
Health consumption expenditures per capita in US dollars,2017
less to spend on #35 USA $10,224 other things/services
1 hour
d
0.52
#15 France LACK OF 0.42 ACCESSIBILITY #7 Sweden Expensive healthcaresive healt (PHYSICAL + h ca en re exp #3 Japan k MONETARY) s erv e se #3 icJapan 0.9 ’t e #7 Sweden
#35 USA 10.00%
#21 Canada
Source : Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
90
+
#15 France
0.52
ce
34.4 #15 France
HIGH #7 Sweden 4.1 #7 Sweden CARBON Patients ealth care se FOOTPRINT de h rvic 114.9 #3viJapan es pro #3 Japan
1.51
5.10%
vi
#15 France
#21 Canada
ce
34.4
0.83
0.83
vi
nn, Niharika Shekhawat, #15 France Yi Zhang
not preventive #35 USA
#21 Canada
20 lb CO2
253.6 - 303.3
1,200 lb CO2
34 m
PURCHASING
29.7
29.7 #21 Canada
s
$2.7 gas per hour
232.6 - 253.6
Cardiovascular Disease Rate per 10,000 people
+
oods for use in hospial: beds, linens, medical equipment
#21 Canada
479.7
#35 USA
#21 Canada
n #35 USAo 1.51
Health CarbonPATIENT Footprint as % Health consumption expenditures A: Cardiovascular Disease of National Carbon Footprint per capita in US dollars,2017
their savings 177.8to - 201.1 - 218.9 pay for their 201.1 medi218.9 - 232.6 cal bills
63%
Good Samaritan Hospital
TRANSPORT
#35 USA 479.7 pollute environment
#35 USA
h caHealthper HealthxpCarbon capitaFootprint as % ensive healtFootprint Carbon re e se ek rvi se of National Carbon Footprint ce ’t
$12000 min. per use
s min 40
Health Carbon Footprint
LEADERSHIPS
Carbon Footprint in Mt Health Carbon Footprint per capita
ROCKLAND
HEALTH CARE CLIMATE COUNCIL
3
Network creation
health care se Health in Mt rvic vide es pro
+
ROCKLAND
ansportation intensive industry: ambulances, hospital ehicles, delivery vehicles, staff and patient travel
RESILIENCE
Hospital
all
PHARMACEUTICALS
2
Spreading knowledge
Application of knowledge
second job
to pay for their jobs42% move to places medical bills with cheaper healthcare national debt increases
WESTCHESTER
WESTCHESTER
Application of knowledge
MITIGATION
Network creation
wards an equitable althcare stem Towards an equitable
1
ENERGY AND WATER
ORANGE
Spreading knowledge
chemicalPUTNAM and radioactive waste: pharmaceutical, laboratory, cleaning, heavy metals, pesticides
of Americans spent most or
of insured health Americans PATIENT B: Lyme Disease decreases had difficulties their $2.7 gas per paying hour for 20 lb CO2 25% jobs move tomedical places bills with cheaper healthcare $1200 min. per use 67 lb CO2 national debt increases
of Americans health had to get a decreases
3% ORANGE
PUTNAM
2nd most intensive energy using building e in the US. US Health re sector spends $6.5 billion on energy.
anatomical, pathological, general and highly infectious waste
Members in U.S.A.
23
more on healthcare
increases
ULSTER DUTCHESS
less to spend on other things/services debt increases
ORANGE
health decreases
PUTNAM
jobs move to places with cheaper healthcare national debt increases
WESTCHESTER
AER ROCKLAND
A
people/employer spend more on healthcare
cost of products/services increases
Health Carbon Footprint in Mt #35 USA #21 Canada #15 France
ER
479.7
#35 USA
114.9
#21 Canada #15 France
0.52
jobs move to places #7 Sweden with cheaper healthcare national debt increases #3 Japan
#35 USA #35 USA #21 Canada
0.83
#15 France
34.4
Health Carbon Footprint as % of National Carbon Footprint
1.51
decreases
#7 Sweden 4.1 #3 Japan
Health Carbon Footprint per capita
#21 Canada health
29.7
#7 Sweden
0.42
#15 France
10.00%
29.7 34.4
5.10% 6.90%
#3 Japan
0.9
#35 USA
1.51
#21 Canada
10.00% 5.10%
#15 France #7 Sweden #3 Japan
24
Health consumption expenditures per capita in US dollars,2017
6.90%
#35 USA #21 Canada
$4,826
#15 France
$4,902
#7 Sweden
4.50% 7.60%
$10,224
#3 Japan
18% US GDP
#3 Japan
7.60%
114.9
#35 USA
Health consumption expenditures per capita#35 in US USA dollars,2017
#35 $10,224 USA
479.7
#21 Canada
$4,826 #21 Canada
#15 France
$4,902
#7 Sweden
4.50%
#7 Sweden 4.1 Health Carbon Footprint as % of National Carbon Footprint
Health Carbon Footprin Health Ca
Health Carbon Footprint in Mt
#3 Japan
29.7 18% US GDP #21 Canada
#15 France $5,511
#21 Canada
34.4 #15 France
$4,717
#7 Sweden 4.1 #3 Japan
#7 Sweden 114.9 #3 Japan
#21 Canada
$5,511 $4,717
25
The Break Space
Designing the Sunnyside Yards Edge Urban Design Studio I: Long Island City, Queens Summer 2019 Team: Nina Ndichu, Shuo Han
The Sunnyside Yards development, set to come into the center of Long Island City is proposing to build a deck above the existing railyard, having varying heights with respect to the adjacent streets. The existing community around this development lack or require certain programs such as open spaces, pedestrian friendly walkways and shared work spaces. We attempt to create a human experience through design of this transition space along the edge of Sunnyside Yards Development.
26
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Queens Boulevard Node
Existing neighbourhoods EXISTING NEIGHBORHOODS
Sunnyside Gardens Historic District
Industrial/ Residential
Low-Mid Rise Residential
Mixed Residential
High Rise Residential Mixed Industrial/ Commercial
Low Rise Buildings Manufacturing
Sunnyside Yards Deck: Heights along the edge
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IBZ Node
30
Standard building Node
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Organic Waste, NYC Systems Research Urban Design Studio I Summer 2019
SYSTEM SCALE UPSTATE NEW YORK
Team: Moneerah AlAjaji, Yuan Qin
TRANSFER STATIONS LANDFILLS EXPORTED TO OTHER COUNTRIES
COMPOST PLANTS RECYCLING PLANTS INCINERATORS
NYC ORGANICS: THE NEW YORK DEPARTMENT OF SANITATION PROVIDES NEW YORK RESIDENTS OF THE FIVE BOROUGHS WITH BOTH CURBSIDE PICKUP OR CONVENIENT DROP OFF SITES
OHIO PENNSYLVANIA
VIRGNIA
BURNSWICK COMMUNITY GARDEN 174 - 176 BURNSWICK ST SATURDAYS 8 AM - 1 PM
W FARMER’S MARKET
AVE BETWEEN BOWERS AND GRIFFITH ST AYS 11 AM - 2:30 PM
NYC Organics CURBSIDE PICKUP AVAILABLE FOR THESE NEIGHBORHOODS BUILDINGS IN THESE NEIGHBORHOODS ARE ELIGIBLE FOR COLLECTION SERVICE FUTURE EXPANSION GREEN LAND
DROP OFF LOCATIONS
DROP OFF LOCATIONS
TIMELINE NEW YORK
THE NEW YORK CITY DEPARTMENT OF STREET CLEANING (NOW CALLED THE DEPARTMENT OF SANITATION) IS FORMED. THIS DEPARTMENT WAS TASKED WITH TAKING OVER THE RESPONSIBILITY OF WASTE COLLECTION AND STREET CLEANING PREVIOUSLY HELD BY THE POLICE DEPARTMENT.
1881 1800s
STREETS WERE SITES FOR DISPOSAL OF HOUSEHOLD GARBAGE AND ANIMAL CARCASSES. THE CONTENTS OF CHAMBER POTS OFTEN WERE DUMPED FROM WINDOWS, SOMETIMES LANDING ON PEDESTRIANS PASSING BELOW.
AMERICA’S FIRST INCINERATOR IS BUILT ON GOVERNOR’S ISLAND. THROUGHOUT THE NEXT CENTURY, INCINERATORS WOULD BE THE MAIN SOURCE OF WASTE MANAGEMENT IN NEW YORK CITY, BURNING ALMOST 1/3 OF THE CITY’S TRASH
1885 1850s IN THE 1850S, NEWARK STARTED BUILDING ITS FIRST UNDERGROUND SEWERS SERVING THE CITY CENTER, WITH THEIR OUTFALL DUMPING UNTREATED HUMAN WASTE INTO THE PASSAIC RIVER, WHICH WAS ALREADY HEAVILY POLLUTED BY THE DISPOSAL OF WASTE FROM UPSTREAM FACTORIES.
GEORGE WARING BECAME THE COMMISSIONER OF THE DEPARTMENT OF STREET CLEANING (NOW DEPT. OF SANITATION) AND PUT INTO ACTION A WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN THAT MADE OCEAN DUMPING ILLEGAL AND MANDATED RECYCLING EFFORTS. PRIOR TO WARING, 75% OF NEW YORK CITY’S WASTE WAS DUMPED INTO THE ATLANTIC OCEAN. 1895
WORLD WAR I LED TO A HALT IN NEW YORK’S RECYCLING PROGRAMS, AS THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT STARTED THE WASTE RECLAMATION SERVICE. DURING THE NEXT COUPLE DECADES, THE DEPARTMENT OF SANITATION BUILT AND OPERATED 22 INCINERATORS AND 89 LANDFILLS.
1877
ALTHOUGH IN 1877 THE LEGISLATURE CREATED THE STATE BOARD OF HEALTH TO ADOPT A SANITARY CODE, THE IMPLEMENTATION OF WASTE DISPOSAL PROGRAMS REMAINED PRIMARILY A LOCAL RESPONSIBILITY OF MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENTS AND THEIR BOARDS OF HEALTH. THIS LED TO FRAGMENTED EFFORTS TO FIND SUITABLE GARBAGE DISPOSAL SITES, WITH THE STATE ESTIMATED AT ONE TIME TO HAVE OVER 400 SEPARATE LANDFILLS.
THE FEDERAL CLEAN AIR ACT IS ENACTED, LEADING TO INCINERATOR SHUTDOWNS BECAUSE THEY DID NOT MEET NEW EMISSION GUIDELINES. THE SUPREME COURT RULED THAT WASTE IS PROTECTED BY THE INTERSTATE COMMERCE CLAUSE AND THEREFORE ONE STATE CANNOT BAN SHIPMENTS OF WASTE FROM ANOTHER.
1918
FRESH KILLS, THE LAST REMAINING LANDFILL IN NEW YORK CITY WAS CLOSED. THIS WAS THE FIRST TIME THAT NEW YORK CITY HAD NO PLACE WITHIN THE FIVE BOROUGHS TO BURY OR BURN IT’S GARBAGE. THE CITY BEGAN SENDING MOST OF ITS WASTE TO PRIVATE TRANSFER STATIONS IN NEIGHBORHOODS IN BROOKLYN,
1970s 1930s
IN 1925, NEW JERSEY, PENNSYLVANIA AND NEW YORK SIGNED A COMPACT PROHIBITING THE DISCHARGE OF UNTREATED SEWAGE AND INDUSTRIAL WASTE INTO THE DELAWARE RIVER OR ITS TRIBUTARIES. AS EARLY AS 1934, NEW JERSEY FILED A LAWSUIT SEEKING TO BLOCK THE OCEAN DUMPING OF WASTE BY NEW YORK CITY; THE CASE ULTIMATELY WAS DENIED BY THE US SUPREME COURT.
MAYOR BLOOMBERG RELEASES THE COMPREHENSIVE PLANYC, A SUSTAINABILITY EFFORT LOOKING AHEAD TO 2030 AND AIMED AT PREPARING NEW YORK CITY FOR FUTURE POPULATION GROWTH, CLIMATE CHANGE, ETC. THE PLAN INCLUDES A NUMBER OF INITIATIVES THAT INCLUDE TARGETING RECYCLING INCENTIVES, CREATING OPPORTUNITIES TO RECOVER ORGANIC MATERIALS FROM WASTE.
2001
2007
1970 THE NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION WAS CREATED IN 1970. THE LEGISLATURE ALSO ENACTED THE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ACT AND THE SOLID WASTE UTILITIES CONTROL ACT. IN RESPONSE TO THE STRICTER REGULATORY STANDARDS, NEW, MORE ADVANCED SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTS BEGAN TO UTILIZE SECONDARY TREATMENT OF SEWAGE
BY THE LATE 1980S, STATE REGULATIONS REQUIRED THE CLOSING OF MANY LANDFILLS AND INCINERATORS, CAUSING THE AMOUNT OF WASTE DISPOSED OF IN NEW JERSEY TO DECLINE SHARPLY, WITH SOME BUSINESSES AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS CONTRACTING TO SHIP WASTE TO OUT-OF-STATE LANDFILLS AND OTHER DISPOSAL SITES
IN 2008 APPROVED THE RECYCLING ENHANCEMENT ACT, IMPOSING A TAX OF THREE DOLLARS PER TON OF WASTE, WITH A PORTION OF THE REVENUE PROVIDED TO SUPPORT RECYCLING PROGRAMS OF COUNTIES AND MUNICIPALITIES.
NEW JERSEY
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VISION: NEW JERSEY
VISION: SUNSET PARK
OPPERATIONS-FUNDING OPPERATIONS-FUNDING ORGANIC WASTE ORGANIC WASTE
NEW YORK NEW YORK
PRIVATE: DOESNT PRIVATE: DOESNT COMEOUT OF COMEOUT CITYS OF CITYS BUDGET BUDGET
JERSEY CITYJERSEY CITY
HOBOKEN HOBOKEN
PUBLIC: PARTNERSHIP PUBLIC: PARTNERSHIP BETWEEN THE BETWEEN CITY OFTHE CITY OF HOBOKEN AND HOBOKEN COMMUNIAND COMMUNITY COMPOST TYCOMPANY COMPOST COMPANY
PUBLIC: NEWPUBLIC: YORK NEW YORK DEPARTMENET DEPARTMENET OF OF SANITATION SANITATION
PICKUP: ORGANIC PICKUP: WASTE ORGANIC WASTE DROP OFF: RESIDENTS DROP OFF: RESIDENTS COLLECTIONCOLLECTION FROM SOMEFROM SOME CAN DROP OFF CANTHEIR DROPOROFF THEIR ORNONPROFITSNONPROFITS AND CITY AND CITY GANIC WASTE GANIC AT 102 WASTE DIF- AT 102 DIFAGENCIES, ENROLLMENT AGENCIES, ENROLLMENT FERENT LOCATIONS FERENT IN LOCATIONS THE IN THE PROGRAM FOR PROGRAM OTHER-FOR OTHERFIVE BOROUGHS FIVE BOROUGHS OF NEW OF NEW BUILDINGS TO BUILDINGS PARTICIPATE TO PARTICIPATE YORK YORK BUSINESS MUST BUSINESS PAY ONE MUST PAY ONE OF THE CITYS OF248 THE CITYS 248 LICENCED WASTE LICENCED HAULERS WASTE HAULERS TO TAKE IT AWAY TO TAKE IT AWAY
PUBLIC: JERSEY PUBLIC: CITYJERSEY CITY DIVISION OF DIVISION SANITATION OF SANITATION
HOBOKEN COMMERCIAL HOBOKEN COMMERCIAL COMPOST PICKUP COMPOST PRO-PICKUP PROGRAM GRAM
VISION: LONG ISLAND CITY
RESIDNTIAL COMPOST RESIDNTIAL COMPOST PICK UP PROGRAM PICK UP PROGRAM
RESIDNTIAL COMPOST RESIDNTIAL COMPOST DROP OFF PROGRAM: DROP OFF PROGRAM: DROP OFF LOCATION DROP OFFATLOCATION AT PUBLIC WORKS PUBLIC GARAGE WORKS GARAGE PRIVATE: WASTE PRIVATE: WASTE MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT
PICKUP: PICKUP PICKUP: BULK PICKUP BULK DROP OFF: 3DROP LOCATIONS OFF: 3 LOCATIONS DROP OFF: 6DROP LOCATONS OFF: 6 LOCATONS WASTE FOR WASTE RESTURANTS FOR RESTURANTS 3 TIMES A WEEK 3 TIMES A WEEK IN NEW JERSEY OR ANY BUSINESSES OR ANY BUSINESSES IN NEW JERSEY THAT PRODUCE THATMORE PRODUCE MORE THAN 6 30-GALLON THAN 6 CON30-GALLON CONTANORS OF TANORS GARBAGE OF GARBAGE
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SUMMER DTEQ The Rent Stories Digital Techniques Summer 2019
The diagram was an attempt at tracing the development trends in Long Island City in Queens, in the form of the rent prices in the area. With the incoming developments such as Sunnyside Yard, and many others set to complete in the near future, the rent prices are bound to rise. The expected rent was extrapolated off the current gross rent.
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Silver Lining: Imagining Circular Bio-economies at the Amazonian Frontier Speculative City: Crisis, Turmoil, and Projections in Architecture Spring 2020
The Amazon is the world’s largest rainforest, home to about 34 million residents1 spread over an expanse of 6.7 million sq. km over nine rapidly developing countries in South America. For centuries the Amazon has existed in a reciprocal relationship with its inhabitants in a slow and continuous process of anthropogenic exchange. Recently, however, “inside the crucible of this ancient forest, relentless colonization is combining with environmental vandalism and a warming climate to create a crisis.”2 This paper looks at projected futures for the rainforest, which tend to oscillate between a spiraling collapse of the ecosystem (also referred to as a “dieback”) and absolute preservation of the forest, allowing it to regrow. It seeks to suggest a third alternative which lays a framework for inhabiting the edges of the forest while responsibly co-existing at the threshold of the two dominions.
1 Sandra Charity, Nigel Dudley, Denise Oliveira, and Sue Stolton “Living Amazon Report 2016: A regional approach to conservation in the Amazon,” WWF Living Amazon Initiative, Brasília and Quito, 2016. 2 Matt Sandy, “Why Is the Amazon Rain Forest Disappearing?” Time, 2019, https://time.com/amazon-rainforest-disappearing/
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Map of the the Amazon Basin showing Indigenous territories and Protected areas
39
Circular Economy at the edge of the the Amazon Forest - Settlement section
40
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impact levels from most to least vulnerable.
Project : Group with 3 members; MSAUD Fall 2019 GIS Location : Amazon Forest, Brazil Role : GIS operations, Research, Presentation Drawings
Vulnerability Assessment in the Brazilian Amazon
Pratibha Singh 549 Riverside Drive, #4H, New York, NY 10027 +1 347-891-3609 ps3135@columbia.edu
Geographic Information Systems Fall 2019 Team: Nikita, Vasanth Mayilvahanan
Vulnerability Assessment in the Brazilian Amazon Project : Group with 3 members; MSAUD Fall 2019 GIS Location : Amazon Forest, Brazil Role : GIS operations, Research, Presentation Drawings
The projet sought to understand the impacts of various human activities on the protected areas and indigenous territories in the Amazon Forest. Analyzing the ovelraps of impacts of various human interventions (deforestation, mining, hydropower extraction and forest res) on the ecosystem, we created a ranked model which classiies areas based on various hierarchies of impact levels from most to least vulnerable.
Pratibha Singh 549 Riverside Drive, #4H, New York, NY 10027 +1 347-891-3609 ps3135@columbia.edu
The project sought to understand the impacts of various human activities on the protected areas and indigenous territories in the Amazon forest. Analyzing the overlaps of impacts of various human To be able to assess the vulnerabilities interventions (deforestation, mining, of these municipalities hydropower extraction, and forest fires) on we perform a nal weighted the ecosystem, a ranked model wasoverlay createdoperation combining which classifies ares based the on human variousinterventions hierarchies of impact from most to to assess andlevels the ecosystems layers. We assign a To be able the vulnerabilities least vulnerable. positive weightage of 8municipalities to 0 to thewe perform a of these nal weighted overlay human interventions ranking 2 tooperation 10
combining the human interventions A weightedrespe overlay Similarly, operation respectively. a negative the ecosystems layers. We assign a was performed combining the and human weightage of -7positive to 0 is weightage assignedofto8 to the 0 to the intervention and ecosystem layers. A ecosystem layerhuman ranking 3 to 10 ranking 2 to 10 interventions positive weightage of 8 to 0 was assigned respectively. Similarly, a negative respe respectively.Similarly, to the human interventions. a of -7 to 0 is assigned to the weightage negative weightage of -7 to 0 is assigned ecosystem layer ranking 3 to 10 When theseoverlaid, tworespectively. maps to the ecosystem layer. When theare overlaid, the To be able to assess the vulnerabilities of these municipalities we perform a more the positive value the resultant more positive resultant value, the more nal weighted overlay operation When these two maps overlaid,combining the vulnerable the area. The of vulnerable the map has,ranking the more it isare and the human interventions more the positive value the resultant and the ecosystems layers. We assign a resultant map is based values -2 to of the resultant viceon versa. Thefrom ranking map has, the more vulnerable it is positive and weightage of 8 to 0 to the 4 where -2 is the least and 4 is human interventions ranking 2 to 10 mapvulnerable is based on values -2 to of 4 the resultant vice versa.from The ranking respectively. Similarly, a negative respe the most vulnerablewhere area. -2 represents map isthe based on values from -2 to weightage 4 least of -7 to 0 is assigned to the
ecosystem layer ranking 3 to 10 thethe least vulnerable areaswhere and -2 4 represents represents respectively. vulnerable areas and 4 represents the vulne most vulnerable areas. most vulnerable areas. vulne When these two maps are overlaid, the
42
more the positive value the resultant map has, the more vulnerable it is and vice versa. The ranking of the resultant
43
Cyprus Buffer Zone
Peacemaking Operation or Scar of Division? Difference and Design Seminar Fall 2019
UN-administered Buffer Zone
Nicosia
Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
Republic of Cyprus
UK Sovereign base areas
Mediterranean Sea
Greece
Turkey
50 km 50 miles
Egypt
Fig: The divided island of Cyprus and its location between East Europe, Middle East and Northern Africa
A small island country in the Mediterranean, Cyprus is uniquely located between Eastern Europe, the Middle East and Africa. This strategic location ensued that the island was occupied by the Assyrian, Egyptian, Persian, Byzantine, Venetian, Ottoman and British Empires, resulting in layers of history that have assimilated over the years to create the urban fabric that exists in Cyprus today. The island is home to two distinct ethno-religious communities namely the Greek Cypriots (that form about 78% of the island’s population) and the Turkish Cypriots (9.8% of the population). The country was administered by the British until they gained independence in 1960. Differences in visions for the country amongst the two communities and tensions over political representation in the Constitution led to inter-communal violence. This led to the establishment of a demilitarized zone, monitored by the United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus, known as the ‘buffer zone’ or the green line’. Following the Greek coup d’état in 1974’, and a responding Turkish invasion of Cyprus, the Buffer zone was extended to create a defacto partition of the island in to the Republic of Cyprus in the south and the internationally unrecognized Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus in the North. Hundreds of thousands were forced to displace to the side of their respective ethnicity.
44
The buffer zone stretches for 180km varying in width from 20m to more than 7kms. There are several small villages and special areas within the buffer zone where people can enter freely and more than 10,000 people are living or employed. Everywhere else, civilian movement requires UN authorization. In Nicosia, the capital city of Cyprus, the historic walled city was divided in half, right along where the prosperous neighborhoods and commercial activities were located, forcing them to be abandoned overnight. Over time the areas adjacent to the buffer zone faced steep decline and some had to evacuate. Light industries and workshops moved in to areas which used to have high commercial value, turning the core of the city inside out, while uncontrolled centrifugal development continued on the outskirts of the city. The physical decay of the urban core of Nicosia is starkly evident in contrast to the thriving city on either side and has prompted a number of civil interventions in the area.
Fig: Differences are evident even in the tourist maps produced on both sides Source: http://www.cypnet.co.uk/ncyprus/city/nicosia/maps/index.html; https://www. cyprus-maps.com/nicosia-maps.html
Fig: Comparison of the built fabric of Nicosia (left) and the deteriorated condition of structures within the buffer zone (right). Source: http://cyprusconferences.org/clc6/about-nicosia/; cyprus-mail.com/2018/10/28/a-rare-view-from-inside-nicosias-buffer-zone/
45
The Nicosia Masterplan was a successful planning instrument that brought together people from both communities to protect their shared heritage within and around the buffer zone.
Greek Cypriot settlement Turkish Cypriot settlement
THE CYPRUS PROBLEM
Other settlements
The geography, culture, politics and daily life of the people continues to be characterized by the ‘Cyprus Problem’.1 People are ‘tired of the political maneuvering’ and desire reunification. Lack of interaction between the two communities had led to conflicting visions and prejudices that are projected in the education systems on both sides.
Major Commercial Corridor Connections between the two sides
The Greek children are taught that the island belongs to Greece and should be returned, while the Turkish side teaches them that the island is inherently Turkish and should become a part of Turkey. The general consensus amongst the two groups with regards to the events of the past also varies. While Greek Cypriots believe that the Turkish invasion was a catastrophic intervention for the country, the Turkish population tends to celebrate it as ‘Peace and Freedom Day’.2 The animosity between the two groups, however, is based in “nationalism and arguments over political representation, not religion or culture. The majority blame the errors committed by leadership and intervention of foreign states for creation and perpetuation of the conflict.”3 LOOKING FOR A SOLUTION Both sides have agreed on a “bicommunal, bi-zonal federation” in principle, but their ideas of how this works are very 1. https://culturalatlas.sbs.com.au/cypriot-culture/coreconcepts-5cd3c52c-722d-40fe-9477-a519daf858b1 2. https://culturalatlas.sbs.com.au/cypriot-culture/coreconcepts-5cd3c52c-722d-40fe-9477-a519daf858b1 3. https://culturalatlas.sbs.com.au/cypriot-culture/coreconcepts-5cd3c52c-722d-40fe-9477-a519daf858b1
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Buffer Zone Greek Cypriot settlement
Fig: Nature has reclaimed parts of the buffer zone over the 45 year period that it has been empty. Source: Google Maps; https://petapixel.com/2018/10/24/rare-photos-inside-the-united-nations-buffer-zone-in-cyprus/
Turkish Cypriot settlement Major Commercial Corridor
Fig: Impact of the Buffer Zone on the center of the city of Nicosia
different.4 Turkish Cypriots demand political equality but Greek Cypriots, however, are not that keen on the idea of sharing power. Disagreements have stalled talks of reunification, with issues such as rotating presidency terms, territorial boundaries, return of displaced Cypriots and the scope of rights to their property, demilitarization of the island, repatriation of Turkish immigrants, and the role of Greece, Turkey and Britain being major points of discussion.
Checkpoint
Greek Cypriot Activity
Turkish Cypriot Activity
Checkpoint
Greek Cypriot Activity
Turkish Cypriot Activity
Tourist Activity
Fig: Social media mapping of Greek and Turkish Cypriots, overlapped with tourist activity indicating that there are areas of communal overlap that occur, and these are mostly concentrated in commercial, religious and cultural areas. Source: Andreas Papallas, “Terra Nullius”, July 2015, http://cargocollective.com/cdrspapallas/Nicosia-Social-Media-Mapping
4. https://www.turkheritage.org/en/publications/issue-briefs/the-cyprus-dispute-at-a-glance-3300
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DESIGN The buffer zone can become a place where differences can be forgotten and people can unite under a shared heritage and memory of the place. Buildings with environmental value will be left as they are with no interference. On the other hand, buildings that are of architectural value will be retrofitted and made accessible to children and young people. We can invite institutions like schools, NGOs, etc. that play an influential role in shaping young minds to accommodate structures right next to the buffer zone. In times of inter-communal conflict, the children can be gathered in safe environments and given a space where they can mingle and interact with each other. This will allow them to have a dialogue free from communal biases, and contribute to a more harmonious society.
In case there are buildings that have deteriorated to an extent that does not permit retrofitting to be done, a walking trail can be built around them. Using technologies like VR, people can be shown a simulated version of what these buildings may have looked like in better times. This will help them connect with their shared heritage. Trails can be proposed based on areas that are most frequented by people of either community and include areas of communal overlap, that mostly occur in commercial streets, religious complexes and areas of shared heritage such as museums. Allowing walking trails through a part of the buffer zone will help bind the two sides in a stronger manner and lead to development in shared ownership of the place. A tourism boom is expected to follow, bringing back life and economy to the center of the city, and make it a cohesive whole.
CONCLUSION Shared ownership and acknowledgment of the multicultural past of the city as well as the scars of the conflict that came with it; is necessary in moving forward. The best chance at reconciliation is through allowing children and the youth to experience the other side of the city, and mingle
with the other community, so that they realize that in spite of the differences, they essentially belong to the same nation. The buffer zone can act as a middle ground here, considering that it has been detached from any communal differences that occurred after 1974, while it preserves the memory of the history of Cyprus.
Monumental Value Architectural Value Environmental Value Complementary for Urban pattern Exceptional Architectural Value Do not fit with the Environment
Fig: Mapping of heritage buildings in and around the buffer zone. Structures of architectural value could be utilized as spaces for institutional uses. Source: “Designing a Difference: Social Sustainability in Cyprus�, 2016, Pantheon Cultural Association, Nicosia, Cyprus
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The buffer zone could become a place for education and intermingling for kids of both communities while they are at an impressionable stage. They can also gradually be informed of the memory and importance of the place for the country.
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ps3135@columbia.edu
