CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to thank the following for their feedback and comments: Sergio Bafoni, Lafcadio Cortesi, Catharine Grant, Aida Greenbury, Jonas Hulsens, Cristina Mestre, Shiobhan Pearce and Nancy Vallejo. Furthermore we would like to thank several researchers that helped complete the report, including Rachel Wheeler, Barbara Kuepper from Profundo, Nick Mawdsley, Mario Rautner, Rebecca Spencer and Rob Sykes. We shared the draft text about the different schemes from Chapters 2 and 3, including the draft scorecard, with the respective schemes for comments. We would like to thank the
schemes which came back to us with written feedback and comments, including the RSPO, the Rainforest Alliance, Fairtrade, ISCC, MSPO, RTRS, ProTerra and PEFC. We incorporated these where possible and where appropriate. The responses we received from the schemes are all available on the Greenpeace International website. Designer: Sam Walter, Festoon Studios Front page image: 24 June, 2013 - Indonesia. Open flames on dry tree branches in an area of recently deforested peatland in the PT Rokan Adiraya Plantation oil palm concession.
Executive summary
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Introduction 14 Certification – definitions
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Chapter 1: Inherent limitations of certification
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Chapter 2: Key aspects that determine certification schemes’ effectiveness and credibility
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Governance and decision making
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Standards 30 Traceability and transparency
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Auditing 38 Implementation
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Chapter 3: Analysis of the major certification schemes
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Biofuels certification schemes
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International Sustainability and Carbon Certification (ISCC) Cocoa and coffee certification schemes
54 60
Fairtrade 60 Rainforest Alliance/UTZ
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Palm oil certification schemes
'Certification does not equal the definition of deforestation-free.' Marc Engel, chief supply chain officer Unilever
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Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO)
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Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil / Malaysian Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO/MSPO)
75
Soya certification schemes
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Round Table on Responsible Soy (RTRS)
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ProTerra
81
Forest and wood certification schemes
84
Forest Stewardship Council (FSC)
84
Chapter 4: Conclusions and the way forward: Forest protection goes beyond certification References
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92 102
Webster, B. (2020, 24 August)
Greenpeace International - Destruction: Certified
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