Slovensko Slovakia
Cosmic Rays Observatory IEP SAS Cosmic Rays measured at the Lomnicky Stit Cosmic Rays is not just a way of exploring space, but it has got a direct impact on the Earth. It is necessary to observe the Cosmic Rays particles in order to discover their origin and their impact on the Sun, technology and people. Galactic Cosmic Rays, high energy particles originating outside the solar system, occurs continuously with its intensity regulated by the Sun. Solar energy particles, high energy particles emitted by the Sun, are a rare event. Solar particle events are isolated events not dependent on other particles movements in the atmosphere. The scientific measurements of Cosmic Rays in the High Tatras originated in 1957 as a part of the International Geophysical Year. The measurements are made by The Institute of Experimental Physics in Kosice SAS (IEP SAS). A neutron monitor placed on the Lomnicky Stit connects nucleon part of the secondary Cosmic Rays. Detailed data are available since 1982. High altitude measurements are unique and superior to measurements performed in lower altitudes because they allow us to note and observe the smallest changes in the intensity of Cosmic Rays. The number of secondary Cosmic Rays measurements is also significantly higher. The measurements recorded at the Lomnicky Stit provide us with some of the most statistically accurate data in comparison to other European observatories measuring Cosmic Rays. The measurements, performed in real time, are available within a 1 minute resolution on http://neutronmonitor.ta3.sk. Since June 2013, the data measured and archived are available within a 1 second resolution. Since February 2014 an introduction of new technology (SEVAN) allows us to observe variations of other particles of secondary Cosmic Rays rather than a neutron monitor alone. This allows us to expand the network of measurements with the intention of gaining new knowledge about the relationship between cosmic rays and the effects of ‘cosmic weather’ and atmospheric
effects. Since June 2016, the SEVAN technology provides us with 1 minute difference data as well as 1 second difference data. On top of our basic research, our measurements are used in the studies for indication of the radiation situation in the mountains and the indication of radiation on aircraft. For many years, we have been working on these studies with the Department of Dosimetry at the Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, in Prague. The Institute of Atmospheric Physics of the CAS, in Prague donated equipment, an EFM-100, which is used to measure electrostatic fields. Therefore, we now have the opportunity to study the effects of TGE (Thunderstorm ground enhancements) observed in electron-positron (or gamma) in the SEVAN data and their relationship with the electrostatic field and thunder occurrences in the proximity of the Lomnicky Stit. The measurements data collected are being used in various laboratories and observatories abroad. Using real time, they are presented to workplaces dedicated to the observation and prediction of the effects of Cosmic Rays. The occurrences caused by changes of the physical state of outer space (e.g. geomagnetic storms,
sun eruptions) can affect the function of many technological systems (aviation, satellites) and can also change the conditions for expansion of electromagnetic waves in the ionosphere and change the radiation amounts on aircraft. As well as monitoring the flow of cosmic particles entering the atmosphere, the data measured and collected on the Lomnicky Stit is also used in the observation of those particles and for short term prediction of cosmic weather effects. To minimise the disruption in measuring and collecting the data, caused by the extreme weather conditions on the Lomnicky Stit, the constant monitoring by a specialist is essential. The measurement and collection of quality data, as well as technical maintenance, is provided by Space Physics laboratory on the Lomnicky Stit Department of Space Physics IEP SAS full time staff. It is currently a part of the APW-15-0194 project.
Prof. Ing. Karel Kudela, DrSc Institute of Experimental Physics Scientific Director of Cosmic Radiation Measurements at Lomnicky Peak
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