By Ă˜ystein B. Jakobsen 15.11.2009
Øystein Jakobsen • Project manager at FreeCode • President of Informed Individual • Vice-president of FriBit • Activist
FriBit • Norwegian Non-profit membership organisation • Desires to bring balance to a heated Copyright debate • Purpose: – To maximise public access to knowledge and culture – Strengthen the principles of privacy, due process of law, noncensorship and free communication
Introducing Copyright • None • Statute of Anne 1709 • US Constitution 1790 • Bern convention 1886 • Recent developments – ”Mickey Mouse Forever” – Copyright on Software – ”Works for Hire” – ACTA – Patents on methods and biology
“..I say to you that the VCR is to the American film producer and the American public as the Boston strangler is to the woman home alone.�
Introducing Copyleft • Free Software Foundation • Open Source Initiative • Creative Commons • Wikimedia • …
Production Distribution Use
Conventional distribution model User
User
User
Distributor
Copyright owner
Copyright owner
Copyright owner
Example: Warner User
User
Warner store
iTunes
User MSN Music
Warner music
Copyright owner
Copyright owner
Copyright owner
Example: Apple User iPod
User iPhone
User Apple TV
iTunes
Copyright owner
Copyright owner
Copyright owner
Example: Nokia User N96
User N95
User N‌
OVI
Copyright owner
Copyright owner
Copyright owner
Problems with conventional distribution models -
Vertical integration
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Bilateral agreements
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Common interest groups
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Complicated permission regime
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High risk
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No consumer rights
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Constant lawsuits
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Damages the Internet
Less competition
Inefficient
Unhappy customer base
Needs analysis Creator
Audience
•
•
Availability
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Selection
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Relevance (not ”quality”)
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Low price
•
Share with peers
•
…
•
•
Incentive –
Expression
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Needs fullfillment
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Recognition
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Monetary
Means of production –
Tools & equipment
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Parent works
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Assistance
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Funding
Means of distribution –
Connect demand & supply
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Create demand
The Genero project Generology: The study of which mechanisms provide society with intellectual goods of the greatest value Focus on free culture: The goal of the Genero project is to make free culture more available than proprietary culture, and to enable business models for free culture
Guidelines for Genero •
•
•
•
No exclusive rights for anyone –
Anyone can become a distributor or aggregator as long as they play by the rules
–
Anyone can create derivative works as long as they share evenly
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Horizontal separation
Trust based –
Enforcement of rules, attributions etc is based on trust systems. If the community deems you to be a non-trusted fellow, your content or channel will be marked as such and avoided
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No lawsuits - Genero will be managed by norm and community rather than lawyers
Distributed –
Similar to the architecture of the Internet – No centre, other than standardization bodies that are as neutral as possible.
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Vertical separation
Content independent –
•
Can be used for any kind of material that can be represented in a digital form. Examples include movies, tv-series, books, music, pictures, software etc
Location and technology independent –
Can be used in any manner of ways in any kind of locations – All content will be available to all distributors equally
High level overview
User
User
User
•
–
•
Distributor
Distributor
•
Aggregator
Copyright owner
Copyright owner
Copyright owner
Stores content registry posts with all details
Aggregator –
•
Facilitates content access for the user
Registry –
Registry
The audience
Distributor –
•
Aggregator
User
Facilitates the registration and monetization process towards content owner
Copyright owner –
Owns the rights to creative works
Example roles
User
User
FreeArt.com
User MSN music store
Public Library Registry Internet Archive
Writer
Registration Co.
Painter
Musician
Eksempel of use Peter: Reads the book for free on his PC
Walter: Buys the paperback
$ 20
free
FreeBooks.com
HardPop
Public Library Registry
Writers Guild
$5
John Walsh John’s chosen licence sais digital copies are free, if you publish a paper book give me 5 bucks
Genero licence •
•
•
General terms –
No DRM
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Open formats
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Non-exclusive addition to a free licence
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Is limited to use within the Genero system
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No endorsement
Derivative works –
No creative restriction other than no commercial endorsement
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Attribution –
Credit according to medium
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Provide link to parent works
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Revenue share with parent works
Business terms –
A distributor is free to distribute Genero registered stuff, as long as he adheres to the business terms. Copyright holder can configure terms himself, or apply predefined sets
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Distributors can filter on compatible works depending on business model and target base
Example content transfer between service providers
Distributor
• Distributor downloads content based on manual selection and policy from index. Probably the torrent files is not stored, but fetched on request
• Transfers index and deltas twice a day. Index is just to alleviate searches towards registry
Registry • Files are shared. Aggregator would be permanent seed
• Registry creates an index based on content in its registry and in federated registries
• Transfers index and deltas twice a day
Aggregator
Genero Initiative •
Standards organisation to maintain the Genero system
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Comparable to a mix of ICANN, W3C and CC
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Defines the Registry behaviour – API and data formats – Inter-registry compatibility
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Rules for distributors and aggregators – No vertical integration, eg. Cannot hold Genero Copyrights
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Maintains the Genero licence
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Maintains the Attribution guidelines
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Provide support functions – Legal support for both Genero actors and Genero licencees – Payment support (GPP standards)
Example entry Registry
Aggregator
Metadata: Author: John Glenn Copyright owner: John Glenn Content category: Music Tags: reggae, jazz, fuzzpop Content type:Music album Licence: CC-BY-NC-SA ++ Genero
Monetization distribution: Author- John Glenn: 75% Aggregator- SuperPublish: 10% Sampled- Peter sellers: 8% Sampled- Kent: 5% Sampled- Stingy: 2%
Content type: Music album Content category: flac song01.flac.torrent
UnitCost: 0
song02.flac.torrent
RevShare: 30%
Content category: Source song01.midi.torrent song02.midi.torrent Content category: Misc music.video.avi.torrent cover.front.jpg.torrent cover.back.jpg.torrent
Content owner
Business terms
storplakat.jpg.torrent
Broadcast: TONO
Distributor owner payment •
User Distributor
$
Content registry
The distributor pays for the content – The Distributor pays to a Genero Payment Provider, which in turn pais each aggregator (manager)
GPP $
$
Aggregator $
Copyright owner
Aggregator $
Copyright owner
$
Copyright owner
Individual Decides if he wants to trust the source, if the information is relevant, if it is available
Watchgroups, journalists, labelling, marketing • Collects information • Interprets the information •Presents the results through labelling, marketing, newsreports etc
Fact What company does what and how, purchases from where, etc
Problems with existing information models •
Combines information, interpretation and distribution – The power is in the hands of the one controlling the media
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Amount of information – There is simply too much, amount grows exponentially
•
Availability of information – Information may not be available at a time when the individual buys a product, votes, performs a task etc
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Lack of transparency – Corporations, daughter companies, sub-brands, hedge-funds, offshore accounts - not very easy to keep track
•
Does not involve the value chain – What about sub-contractors, logistics suppliers, power suppliers?
Power is in the hands of the people Bodies Governments :
The individual Means of influence towards governments:
Mission: To govern a country Voting for a party Does this according to a mandate approved by the voters or the military
Lobbying, adressing media etc
Power is granted by the individual through voting or soldiering
Not voting for a party
Following orders or tasks
Refusing orders or tasks Protest, civil disobedience, resistance
Companies:
Means of influence towards companies :
Mission: To maximise profit Purchasing products and services Does this by selling products and services
Choosing which company to work for, how to work
Power is granted by the individual through purchasing products and services
Not purchasing products or services Strike, refusing tasks, resignation
Web of Trust I trust someone, who again trusts someone etc. Since the system is completely transparent, maintaining trust is paramount •
The weighting of interpretations is based on position in your web of trust
I trust Amnesty with human rights related topics 50%. They trust the Neighbourhood Watch in some cases
I trust the Red Cross with Human Rights related topics 50%
I trust my brother 100%, except for Human Rights related topics. He listens to TrustedReviews and Ethical Consumer
Good rating
Sustainable bioethanol production
Object 2
Object 1
Poor rating
Denies generic drug production Lobbies to have USA vote �No� to allow 3rd world countries to manufacture drugs during a medical crisis
Prices medication out of reach for consumers
Object 3
Ratings of Cosmetics according to Corporate Critic •
Lancome – Is owned by L’Oreal 100% – Has an EthiScore of 4 – Very Poor
•
L’Oreal – Is owned by Nestlé 26% – Has an EthiScore of 4 – Very Poor
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Clinique – Is owned by Estee Lauder 100% – Has an EthiScore of 6 – Poor
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Weleda – Has an EthiScore of 13 – Good
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Mary Kay – Has an EthiScore of 14 - Good
Genero support I hereby support the efforts of the Genero project - licensing solutions offer some of the most proactive and creative ways out of the current copyright stalemate. As the creator of Open Source Cinema, and someone who has been working to transform media production for over a decade, I urge you to support this initiative. Brett Gaylor, Head of New Media, EyeSteelFilm inc, Founder Open Source Cinema
“We are well versed within the "free culture arena", and nothing like this exists today or is being planned to our knowledge. We work closely with Creative Commons, Communia-Eu Project, WIPO.org, Spanish Government, National Library of Chile and other institutions, and we already envision the Genero system to provide a unifying or connecting role between all the projects.�
Safe Creative
Important! • Copyright CANNOT be changed by law – Sonny Bono – ACTA – ....
• Copyright can be changed with MONEY! – Create an alternative – Take away their money!
• If you want net-neutrality, civil liberties, due process of law, the right to create and be heard – you need to support the Genero project!
How can you help? • Support FriBit – Join FriBit, free or paying member – Donate to FriBit – Bug all your friends to join
• Support the Genero Initiative – Blog about it, endorse it, bug all your friends – Contribute to the development (coding, web-page development) – Contribute to the analysis – Generology – Architecture
– Use the Genero system and get others to do the same – Get companies to become Genero Service Providers or donate – Get public or state support
Contact information • post@fribit.no • oystein.jakobsen@fribit.no • • www.fribit.no/bli-med