Knapping Arrowheads
1.
170.
Select material to begin shaping the tool (Chert, Obsidian, Jasper, and forms of basalt). Break apart a larger piece (the Core) to obtain a suitable piece to begin the knapping process. These stones will naturally break apart into Flakes and it is from these flake that a arrowhead etc will be selected. Place the leather protector on your knee and begin to pressure knap the edges of the flake to start forming the desire shape. The stone will naturally break along fracture lines. If the stone is rounded knap it more narrow and round the edges to roughly the size of the desired tool.
2.
It may take several attempts to achieve but the desired shape is as seen on the left. This diagram is triangular in shape and thin. The perfect sharpened edges are not necessary at this stage. It is very important to not allow any part of the flake to become concave. This will weaken the material and will more than likely break. Once flattened and the triangular shape has been achieved it is time to begin abrading the edges. Wood or limestone are best suited for this task because they are softer than the stone and will not over fracture the edge and cause unnecessary breakage.
3.
Having a good grasp on the concept of pressure flaking at this point will help reduce the chance of ruining the arrowhead. Pressure flaking is done by placing the stone into a folded piece of leather or thick cloth. Then using a Antler or wood pressure flaker on the edge of the arrowhead enabling you to remove small pieces of stone to achieve the desired edge. This will allow it to become sharp. This is also the same stage at which the base groove is formed to allow the arrowhead to become attached to the arrow or spear shaft. The greatest key is to take your time and be patient.