CO2 ZERO University of Melbourne MSD | Semester 1, 2020 Studio Leaders: Josephine Lettieri & Patricia Stocca
A Design Journal by Enquan Tang Student number:1005842
CO2 Zero - Semester 1, 2020
Forrest Primary School
Enquan Tang | 1005842
CONTENTS
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Week 01........................................................................................................................
p. 06
Week 02 .......................................................................................................................
P. 12
Week 03 .......................................................................................................................
p. 20
Week 04........................................................................................................................
p. 26
Week 05........................................................................................................................
p. 32
Week 06........................................................................................................................
p. 42
Week 07........................................................................................................................
p. 46
Week 08........................................................................................................................
p. 80
Week 09........................................................................................................................
p. 92
Week 10........................................................................................................................
p.102
Week 11........................................................................................................................
p.114
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CO2 Zero - Semester 1, 2020
Forrest Primary School
FOREWORD
Enquan Tang | 1005842
FORREST PRIMARY SCHOOL
The current project that I am doing is proposing a refurbishment and a new extension teaching building for the Forrest Primary School in Canberra, ACT. The client’s desire is the refurbishment and the new extension should meet the requirements of the Net-Zero which is a concept of the reductions of the carbon footprint and energy consumptions. It has become an integrated design project with a team of architects and engineers. Me, as a student who lacks an engineering background, I felt this is going to be a big challenge. But I am really excited about learning something new as an expansion of engineering knowledge. This decision diary is about my thoughts tracking and decision making to show how I make the achievement of this integrated design project. Enquan Tang In Melbourne
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March 2020
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CO2 Zero - Semester 1, 2020
Forrest Primary School
Enquan Tang | 1005842
WEEK 01 Activities in week 1 are about some explorations of the seed ideas of the ESD (Environmental Friendly and Sustainable Design), such as the thermal mass, passive ventilation, solar, site orientations, shading, wind, water, etc. I chose to study some ideas of the shading and I extracted the specific technique of the window system as the beginning of my research.
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CO2 Zero - Semester 1, 2020
Forrest Primary School
Enquan Tang | 1005842
CASE STUDY
1.Brad Kahn, Photography of the Bullitt Center
3. Brad Kahn, Photography of the Bullitt Center
4.Window System of the Bullitt Center
Decisions-Case Study
Notes
with the operable windows maximize daylight and minimize glare on workstations.
I think it’s very important to start with some case study which is relevant to the topic, especially a new topic to me personally. My precedent study is the Bullitt Center in Seattle which is an office building where one of my peers used to work in. She explained a lot to me of how the system worked.
2. Brad Kahn, Photography of the Bullitt Center
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be a challenge, the shades deploy to scatter direct rays before they hit the glass. In the winter, the shades are The usage of the window systems designed to maximize natural daylight for buildings is like the filter which is the media for exchanging elements •Integrated system of triple-pane glaz- in the office between exterior and interior. ing and deployable exterior shades The Windows and Shades system can helps maintain interior temps. also be integrated with other sustainA very important part of a Living Building is a living “skin”; a selective •Operable windows move straight out able ideas, like Radiant Heating and Cooling, Lighting, Passive/Mechanical filter that responds to the ambient to maximize ventilation. Ventilation, and Electrical Engineering environment to maintain comfortable conditions inside the building. In the The skin is a system of layers that to achieve the goal of reducing energy consumptions. case of the Bullitt Center, the windows are used in different combinations to and shading systems do the bulk achieve optimal thermal and daylight of the work for the daylighting and qualities. The outermost layer of ventilation, as well as assisting in the the skin is the deployable stainless thermal comfort of the building. steel shades. The system sits about 30cm away from the windows. In the The automated blinds integrated summer, when solar heat gain can 9
CO2 Zero - Semester 1, 2020
Forrest Primary School
Enquan Tang | 1005842
CASE STUDY
7.Correlation of window surface solar power and Cooling Load Simulation results and Actual survey (2004.04~2005.03)
8.Simulation results and Actual survey (2004.04~2005.03) Total zone of 5th floor (Area 1,000m2)
5.NIKKEN SEKKEI Tokyo Building
Decisions-Case Study In addition to the case study of the group presentation, I also looked into the NIKKEN SEKKEI Tokyo Building as my personal research. Because it has a similar window system comparing to the Bullitt Center’s. However, what really interested me is they have a detailed simulations report of the building performance that I think really helps me to develop a better understanding of the working process of the integrated design at the initial level. 10
Notes The simulation experiment is done by the Japanese architecture firm NIKKEN SEKKEI which is about the comparison between the similar ESD window system model to the Bullitt Center’s and the normal standard window model in the performance of the reduction effect of cooling load and lighting power. Measurement result and the simulation result shows that the influence of the amount of insolation to cooling load is smaller than the standard model building. The total air-conditioning load of this building is as many as 45% fewer than the standard model
in the perimeter zone. This comparison proves that the external shade is effective in the cutoff of solar radiation and multi-pane heating glass has high insulation. The control of daylight utilization is effective in the energy decrease of lighting. And the diagram above also shows that different ways of installation can make different results. The performance of the reduction effect of cooling load and lighting power in the external shade is better than the internal shade.
Analysis of Thinking Figures are not what I am concerned about but the results which are brought by every data from diagrams or reports. Because they gave me the confidence to make a decision with solid reasons and evidence behind. In this part of the activity, at least I know some basic techniques of what kind of window system can bring a good thermal comfort condition. And the different results brought by different ways of insulation.
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CO2 Zero - Semester 1, 2020
Forrest Primary School
Enquan Tang | 1005842
WEEK 02 In week 2, our team had the opportunity for a site visit in Canberra and met our client in person.
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CO2 Zero - Semester 1, 2020
Forrest Primary School
Enquan Tang | 1005842
SITE ANALYSIS | CONTEXT
Notes on sketchbook during the site visit
Site Photo
Site Photo
Site Photo
Site Photo
Mapping handsketches in the week 02
Notes It’s an old school that was built in the 1950s with 607 students in total currently. It’s an open site without tall buildings around that the sun is adequate to outdoor. The problem is the original design of the school is a long linear building shape mainly oriented to the east and west.
I also noticed there is a existing bus shelter which is located at the south of the site but there is no pathway or any direct connections to the school. People have to walk a long way from the bs shelter to get to the main entrance of the school that I think it’s a waste and also a potential.
What’s more, the site has beautiful The thermal comfort of the Blocks existing vegetations and a lot of green B&D which are here is pretty bad. And area. the parking is insufficient for the staff, especially during school events. The current drop off and pick up works well, as parents stay within their cars. 14
Decision
Analysis of Thinking
Making some initial hand sketches on the tracing paper to do some experiments to figure out how to respond the context properly.
About accessing to the school, besides drive a car to the current drop-off, there is also a great potential to build a connection between the existing bus shelter, the main entrance and the existing landscape. Proposing a new pathway is a right way to go.
I decided to propose a new pathway to connect the exisiting bus shelter and the school.
This could solve some of the parking issues but also can form a beautiful journey when people just walk within the existing landscape to arrive the school when they get off the bus or just ride a bike through the beautiful path.
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CO2 Zero - Semester 1, 2020
Forrest Primary School
Enquan Tang | 1005842
SITE ANALYSIS | BUILDING PERFORMANCE
the Forrest Primary School, Canberra, ACT
Notes
Decision
Notes
Analysis of Thinking
The Block D of the school is the main problem. The teachers complained about the thermal comfort of the classroom is really poor, too hot in the summer and too cold in the winter.
• The refurbishment will be taken in Block D because that place is the users mostly concerned about and the worst thermal condition.
Some interior photos I took when I was doing the measurement work with my peers.
The building envelope is the weakness of the classrooms like the single glazing window system and poor insulated roof panel.
Analysis of Thinking From the masterplan, I found the orientation is one of the problem. Long liner building shape facing the east and the south. That means the classrooms lack of sunshine due to the best natural sun shine orientation is the north. And also it may cause some glare issues in the early morning and a lot of solar heat gain from the west in the late afternoon that it could be hot the next morning due to insufficient night purging.
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Interior Conditions of the Classrooms in the Block D
Here are some key issues that I found in the Block D’s classrooms •Poor insualted metal rood panel •Single glazing windows with interior roller blinds •Poor lighting conditions •Heating is provided by the low energy efficient gas boiler •Evaborative cooling system for cooling ( our engineering consultants told me)
In the summer when the sun angle is high, the solar heat gain of the roof is high which can explain why the classrooms are so hot in the summer. Insufficient natural daylighting in the afternoon, especially during the winter months. Using a new system of artificial lighting or looking for better natural daylighting is necessary.
The heating by the gas boiler is one of the main problems which is bad at energy efficiency. That’s why the interior tempture is not comfortable during the cold winter due to this old heating system. Decision •The building envelope needs to be upgraded to achieve a higher R-Value. The higher R-value, the better thermal comfort can be achieved in general. •Get rid of the gas boiler and using a better way to cool and heat the building.
In terms of the Heat, Air Ventilation, and Cooling, the heating is provid•The next stept will be develope a digital model for the further analysis. ed by the gas boiler, the cooling is provided by the evaporative cooling system, and the natural ventilation through the windows and the clerestories with fans. 17
CO2 Zero - Semester 1, 2020
Forrest Primary School
Enquan Tang | 1005842
SITE ANALYSIS | PEDAGOGY
Interior photo of the place we had the meeting
Interior photo of the place we had the meeting
MID-SEMESTER PRESENTATION CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT-PEDAGOGY IDEAS
Notes At the end of the site visit, we had a meeting with the clients in one of their taching building. Besides doing a refurshment of the exisiting, we also need to propose a new building for the school. Our topic was about what’s the pedagogy of the Forrest Primary School, what do they teach, what do they want, some informations about their history or culture etc.
Here are some key points that really caught my interest. •Japanese is their second teaching language. And also they really like the Japanese kindergarten culture in terms of how the Jpanese childern deal with the waste material. •They have a sustainable education to teach students making handmade works with recyclable material. And displaying the works as an exhibition after school. But they have insufficient spaces to do that.
Analysis of Thinking Based on the meeting with our clients, it really suprised me about their unique teaching system. I came up with some ideas of the new extension, like what can I do to support their pedagogy and what are the approaches to achieve that. I think the their Japanese teaching background and sustainable subjects are the two key points.
Decision TEACHING EXHIBITING
TRADITIONAL TEACHING
MAKING
EXHIBITING
TEACHING AREA Build up a chain of Teaching-Making-Exhibiting learning area to support the school’s pedagogy.
MAKING TEACHING
•Reframing the traditional teaching system and transform into a new teaching system in the chain of Teaching-Making-Exhibiting. •Applying Japanese design language into the new extension design and combine with some seed ideas of the ESD to achieve the “Net-Zero”. •This can achieve a balance of the proportion between the engineering aspects and the architectural aspects.
It’s a very important process to build a •Some students call on of the teachgood relationship and engage with the ers as the “Bin-Lady” building’s users. 18
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CO2 Zero - Semester 1, 2020
Forrest Primary School
Enquan Tang | 1005842
WEEK 03 In the week 3, I started building up the digital model of the school and using some tools to analysis the building performance visually.
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CO2 Zero - Semester 1, 2020
Forrest Primary School
Enquan Tang | 1005842
DIGITAL ANALYSIS | NATURAL CONDITIONS
Comfort Temperture Zone
Wind Rose-Canberra
Sunpath Analysis
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Sky Doom
Sunlight Hours
Terrain
Radiation Gain
Notes
Analysis of Thinking
Decision
The first part of the analysis is focused on the natural conditions such as the climate, sun path, topography of Canberra.
The climate in Canberra is kind of extreme, especially in the winter so heating is one of the main issues to consider.
•Shading for the east side of the Block D and the outdoor teaching area need to be considered.
It’s a really important process to understand these elements visually because these intuitive diagrams can bring a clear understand of the natural conditions of the site, how’s the sun goes, how’s the wind blow, how’s the rainfall...These data can create impacts on the design at the initial level.
Also regarding the open site without tall buildings around, sun exposure in the outdoor area is high so that the shading for the outdoor area is considered as well, especially for the outdoor teaching area.
•Better energy efficient mechanical heating, cooling and ventilation need to be considered.
From the radiation diagram, I can see the roof has a high solar heat gain, upgrade the insulation of the roof is essential.
Sun Angle Analysis
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CO2 Zero - Semester 1, 2020
Forrest Primary School
Enquan Tang | 1005842
DIGITAL ANALYSIS | BUILDING PERFORMANCE
Energy Consumption Estimate of the Block D
Notes
Analysis of Thinking
Decision
The second part of the analysis is focused on the building performance of Block D such as the daylighting, the performance of the building envelope, the energy consumption breakdown, etc.
The radiations diagram of Block D shows the same result of the previous diagram that is the roof has a high solar heat gain.
•Replace the single glazing window with the double glazing Low-E windows
These diagrams can tell me where is the weakness of the existing building, and what can I do to improve the building performance based on these weakness.
The daylighting analysis shows insufficient daylighting in the afternoon especially in the winter. HAVC (heating, air-conditioning, ventilation, cooling) is the biggest part of the energy consumption and it will bing to a high carbon emission due to the high gas use. Because all these issues are involved in the engineering aspects, so I had a great discussion with our engineering consultants from ARUP to get the decisions. And it’s a great experience in the integrated design that builds up a good relationship with the engineers.
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•Replace the gas boiler heating system with the high energy-efficient air-source heat pumps. •Considering uses the PV panels to generate electricity due to clean and renewable solar productions. •Replace the poorly insulated roof panel with a high insulated rood system.
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CO2 Zero - Semester 1, 2020
Forrest Primary School
Enquan Tang | 1005842
WEEK 04 In week 4, it’s about my initial thought to respond the issues that I found last week through some sketches and some drawings.
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CO2 Zero - Semester 1, 2020
Forrest Primary School
Enquan Tang | 1005842
INITIAL THOUGHTS TO RESPOND THE KEY ISSUES | HAND SKETCHES
Proposed Refurbishment-Section
Notes
Analysis of Thinking
Decision
Based on the digital model of the school, I drew a section of the Block D to test any passive design ideas like I have mentioned at last week’s digital anlysis.
In this section sketch, I put some key techniques like the shading structure, the heat pumps, the PV panels and the new high insulated roof.
•Remove one the classroom and make it become a courtyard space
The shading can reduce the impact ny the direct sun light and provide a comfortable natural daylighting environment for the classrooms.
•Intall shading on the east and west side of Block D.
Drawing sections never goes wrong for the design development as the sections can show a clear relationship of different spaces and the interior and exterior. And also I drew a simple floor plan with lines to represent the different rooms of the Block D.
The PV panels on the roof can not only generate power but also can block some of the sun which goes to the surface of the roof to reduce the solar heat gain.
•Install PV panels on the roof
•Upgrade the insulations of the building envelope. •Making digital drawings of the sketches to make the graphic more accurate.
Proposed Refurbishment-Plan
Since we will build a new teaching building, I was considering to remove one the classroom and make it become a courtyard space to get more outdoor teaching space and let more fresh air to come into the corridor.
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CO2 Zero - Semester 1, 2020
Forrest Primary School
Enquan Tang | 1005842
INITIAL THOUGHTS TO RESPOND THE KEY ISSUES | DIGITAL DRAWINGS Notes This part of the activity aims to tranform the sketches into more accurate drawing for the first presentaion to our team to get some feedback from the consultants. Analysis of Thinking Based on the feed back, some of the ideas are not feasible. •Cutting out the entire classroom to achieve a courtyard space and better ventilation is too radical, which is difficult to obtain sufficient budget to build it a new. •Corridor is not the space that needs too much focus. But the classroom is. •The outdoor unit of the heat pump needs adequate airflow so tried to cover it with the louvers at the beginning is not a good idea. •And also considering the noise issue. Decision •Keep all the classrooms •Choose an appropriate location for the outdoor unit of the heat pumps.
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CO2 Zero - Semester 1, 2020
Forrest Primary School
Enquan Tang | 1005842
WEEK 05 In week 5, I started think about some initial design cepet of the the new extension building through some precedents and hand sketches.
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CO2 Zero - Semester 1, 2020
Forrest Primary School
Enquan Tang | 1005842
INITIAL THOUGHTS ABOUT THE NEW EXTENSION | PRECEDENT STUDY Notes
Analysis of Thinking
Teachers from the school said they wish to have more outdoor teaching spaces, for example a kitchen garden for the organic food educations.
It came really quickly in my mind that I should take a look at the Japanese Zen Garden. Because the culture is realted to their Japanese teaching background. The spirit of the Japanese Zen Garden are blankness, organic, and minimalism. It could be a beautiful combination of the Kitchen Garden and the Japanese Zen Garden.
Decision •The kitchen garden can be a Japanese Zen Garden with the functions of organic food educations.
Japanese Zen Garden Photo by Agustin Rafael Reyes
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CO2 Zero - Semester 1, 2020
Forrest Primary School
Enquan Tang | 1005842
INITIAL THOUGHTS ABOUT THE NEW EXTENSION | PLANNING
Partitions, Connections, Locations, Zones Floor Plan
Notes I started doing some master planning sketches, perspective sketches and floor plan sketches to test the design ideas. Analysis of Thinking In the master planning sketches and perspective I was think about
Framing, View
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•New drop-off and pick-up for better access to the site. •Considering security issue •Landscape connection with the existing building
The Japanese Kitchen Garden will serve as a central garden of the building, connects to all the spaces. Decision •The location of the new building
•How the partitions or the landscape connections could be
•The basic arrangement of the new buildings floor plan
•How it may look like from the perspective of the new building.
•The continuous connections between the new build and the existing context.
•The parcel of the new building could In the floor plan sketches show I want be located in the east of the library, which is initially an outdoor space with to divide the building’s functions into three parts, a co-locates teaching playing facilities. area, the STEM room area, and the wet area like the student kitchen and •Orientated to the north. the toilets.
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CO2 Zero - Semester 1, 2020
Forrest Primary School
Enquan Tang | 1005842
INITIAL THOUGHTS ABOUT THE NEW EXTENSION | FORMS
VS
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Notes
Analysis of Thinking
The sketches are about what kind of form of the new building could be. I gave myself two options, one is the curved roof form which depends on the wind and air dynamic. Another one is the pitched roof form that aims to match the existing building characteristic. (all of the roofs of the buildings of the school are pitched roof)
Considering some issues like the construction, client’s budget and archietctural aesthetics, I chose the pitched roof form. The reasons are... •Pitched roof is more easier to build in a low-cost. •Pitched roof can also be considered the wind load and air dynamic.
•Pitched roof is more match with the traditional Japanese aesthetics. •Piched roof can match the characteristics of the existing buildings around. Decision •Use the pitched roof as the basic form of the new building.
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CO2 Zero - Semester 1, 2020
Forrest Primary School
Enquan Tang | 1005842
INITIAL THOUGHTS ABOUT THE NEW EXTENSION | PEDAGOGY
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Notes
Analysis of Thinking
The sketches on the left side show some ideas of the teaching space. Like how the way of teaching whether it’s traditional or more sort of group work, or the teaching experience like how the movement or capacity could be, or the how the spatial experience could be.
To support the school’s unique pedagogy, a classroom with desks, chairs and blackboards are not I am looking for.
The skectches on the right side extract the abstract ideas and transform into a more specific space in plans.
The important thing is, in primary school education design, some fundamentals never change, such as teacher-student engagement/relationships, appropriate levels of natural daylight to support comfortable and
learning, flexibility to alter teaching approaches, access to the outdoors/ natural environment. Use these fundamentals to drive my planning ideas. Put me in the shoes of a child of say 8 to 9 years of age and think about what might inspire them and nurture them.
Decision •New classrooms can access to the outdoor spaces •Get rid of the form of the traditional classroom to match the school’s unique teaching system.
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CO2 Zero - Semester 1, 2020
Forrest Primary School
Enquan Tang | 1005842
WEEK 06 In week 6, I kept exploring some case studies to strengthen my design ideas to respond to some engineering techniques.
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CO2 Zero - Semester 1, 2020
Forrest Primary School
Enquan Tang | 1005842
WEEK 06 CASE STUDY
The Munich Technology Centre -Glück Landschaftsarchitektur, Stuttgart
Stanford University Central Energy Facility -ZGF Architects
Notes Three precedents that I looked into. The first one is the Munich Technology Center, second one is the Kyoto Prefecture Library and third one is the Stanford University Central Energy Facility. Some design features of these project really caught my interest. Analysis of Thinking
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Kyoto Prefecture Library -Iida archiship studio
•The Munich Technology Center has an innovative and sustainable roof system which is the combination of the PV panels and the extensive green roof.
The PV panels can produce energy and the green roof can provide a natural insualation for the roof. What’s more important is that the PV can have a better solar production when the working environment is cool, and the greenroof can provide a cool surface for the PV.
Decision •Learn from the precedents and try to apply the same greenroof and shading system for this proposal.
•The Kyoto Prefecture Library has a beautiful pitched roof form. I got some inspirations from this aesthetics. •The shading structure of the Stanford University Central Energy Facility uses the timber structure with PV panels as the cladding material. It can provide good shading and produce energy at the same time. 45
CO2 Zero - Semester 1, 2020
Forrest Primary School
Enquan Tang | 1005842
WEEK 07 In week 7, I moved on and produced a series of architectural drawings based on the ideas and sketches in the past few weeks and present them to our engineering consultants and the client.
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CO2 Zero - Semester 1, 2020
THE JOURNEY
Forrest Primary School Asphalt finished outdoor area without vegetation
Heating is provided by the Gas Boiler
We need to get rid of the gas.
Enquan Tang | 1005842
We’re not just teaching maths.
Clerestories for Natural Ventilation
Evaporative Cooling System
Poor insulated Metal Roof Panel
Single Glazed Window with interior Blinds
They call me the Bin-Lady. Let’s go home.
We need STEM
Hot and Cold!
Sustainable Pedagogy with Japanese Kindergarten Culture
Double Brick Exterior Wall
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W N
6
2 3
1 5 4
S
E
1.Existing Block D-Poor thermal comfort 2.Existing Drop off and Pick up-Insufficient parking 3.Existing Boiler Room-Low energy efficiency, high carbon emissions 4.Existing Bus Stop 5.Existing Open Green Area with Playing Facilities 6.Low Storey Residential Area 48
7.Parliament House
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CO2 Zero - Semester 1, 2020
Forrest Primary School
Enquan Tang | 1005842
•Orientations Facing North One Storage
New Building’ Location •Main Entrance •Existing Bus Shelter •Existing Landscape
•Forms Existing Landscape Axis
Pitched roofs to match the existing building characteristics. And also reduce the impact of the wind load.
•Programs & Functions Based on the functions, the whole
Access
building is divided into three parts, teaching area, STEM, and the wet area (kitchen, toilet facilities e.g.).
Mainstream road
•Negative Spaces Creating a negative space to connect the proposed pathway by offsetting the central spaces.
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CO2 Zero - Semester 1, 2020
Forrest Primary School
Enquan Tang | 1005842
PROPOSED SITE PLAN
D
B
A-NEW EXTENSION BUILDING E
F
B-BLOCK B
A
C
C-LIBRARY D-BLOCK D
G
F
E-PROPOSED SQUARE F-DROP OFF G-PROPOSED CAR PARK
HOBART AVENUE
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CUIT
O NATI
CIR NAL
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CO2 Zero - Semester 1, 2020
Forrest Primary School
Enquan Tang | 1005842
E
PROPOSED SITE PLAN A-ORIGINAL DROP OFF B-PROPOSED NEW PATH & DROP OFF C-PROPOSED SQUARE D-PROPOSED BIKE PARK E-PROPOSED PLAY AREA
D
C
F-PROPOSED CAR PARK
A
B F
ROOF PLAN 1:500 @ A1 54
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CO2 Zero - Semester 1, 2020
Forrest Primary School
Enquan Tang | 1005842
PROPOSED REFURBISHED GROUND FLOOR PLAN
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CO2 Zero - Semester 1, 2020
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Forrest Primary School
Enquan Tang | 1005842
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CO2 Zero - Semester 1, 2020
Forrest Primary School
Enquan Tang | 1005842
PROPOSED REFURBISHED SECTIONS
+
+
R 0.5 250mm
Double Brick Exterior Wall
PV Panels as Shading
PV Panels with Green Roof
Automatic Timber Pergolas with Deciduous Vines
R 1.3-1.8
R 1.5 25mm
Double Glazing Low-e Windows in uPVC Frame with interior thermal rollerblinds.
A-A’ SECTIONAL PERSPECTIVE 60
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CO2 Zero - Semester 1, 2020
Forrest Primary School
Enquan Tang | 1005842
PROPOSED REFURBISHED SECTIONS | PASSIVE ANALYSIS
Using PV panels as shading to achieve the reduction of unwanted solar heat gain from the west side. Future landscape expansion for a better outdoor environment and provide a natural barrier, getting rid of the hot wind from the west.
Open windows to get the natural ventilation in the normal days.
PV panels generate electricity with solar energy. The green roof provides good natural insulation for the roof and provide better surface temperture to help the PV panels work better.
Tree Planting Deflect Breeze through the Classroom
SUMMER
WINTER
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CO2 Zero - Semester 1, 2020
Forrest Primary School
Enquan Tang | 1005842
PROPOSED REFURBISHED SECTIONS
Aerated Concrete Blocks Interior Walls with partial Acoustic Panels
+ R 0.8 100mm
Acoustic Panels considering reverberation
B-B’ SECTIONAL PERSPECTIVE
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CO2 Zero - Semester 1, 2020
Forrest Primary School
Enquan Tang | 1005842
PROPOSED SECTIONS
Double Glazing Low-e Curtain Wall & Doors with Internal Blinds
Well Insulated Floor (150mm, R6) PV Panels Pergolas
Skylight
PV Panels with Green Roof
R 1.5 200mm
Double Glazing Low-e Operable Windows
Aerated Concrete Blocks
A-A’ SECTIONAL PERSPECTIVE 66
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CO2 Zero - Semester 1, 2020
Forrest Primary School
Enquan Tang | 1005842
PASSIVE ANALYSIS
Open the windows to get the natural ventilation in the normal days.
Not only the skylight is provided, but also the natural ventilation in the chimney effects can be achieved by the interior garden.
Access to the outdoor space.
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CO2 Zero - Semester 1, 2020
Forrest Primary School
Enquan Tang | 1005842
PROPOSED SECTIONS
PV Panels with Green Roof
Skylight
Double Glazing Low-e Windows with Exterior Horizontal Louvers
Double Glazing Low-e Curtain Wall & Doors
Well Insulated Floor (150mm, R6)
PV Panels Pergolas.
INTERIOR GARDEN
KITCHEN GARDEN
STUDENT KITCHEN
B-B’ SECTIONAL PERSPECTIVE
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CO2 Zero - Semester 1, 2020
Forrest Primary School
Enquan Tang | 1005842
PROPOSED ELEVATIONS
EAST ELEVATION
NORTH ELEVATION
SOUTH ELEVATION
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CO2 Zero - Semester 1, 2020
Forrest Primary School
Enquan Tang | 1005842
PROPOSED REFURBISHED BLOCK D
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CO2 Zero - Semester 1, 2020
Forrest Primary School
Enquan Tang | 1005842
PROPOSED NEW EXTENSION
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New Build-Exterior
New Build-STEM Room, internal courtyard
New Build-Kitchen Garden
New Build-Exterior 77
CO2 Zero - Semester 1, 2020
Forrest Primary School
Enquan Tang | 1005842
SUMMARY ANALYSIS OF WEEK 07
Notes
Analysis of Thinking
I received some feedback right after the presentation this week.
The client really likes the idea of proposing a new pathway to connect the existing bus shelter. It could be a beautiful journey when people walk into this pathway with beautiful trees on the side of the path. But just for the pedestrians and people who ride a bike due to the town planning issue. Another the comment I really need to think about is the idea of blanketing the building underneath with a PV structure to help shade it was good but check that this does not create very dim outdoor spaces in winter, where access to the direct sun is necessary.
This idea unfairly limits the possibilities of the Japanese garden and the kitchen garden which is the central focus of this new stand-alone building. After I looked back and checked the arrangement of the PV panels within the shading structure, it does create a very dim space underneath which is bad for the growth of the organic food and also lost the opportunity to show the beautiful garden. So I made a quick sketch right after to see what can I do to solve this problem.
Solution Sketch Right After the Presentation
Decision •Appling 1m shadow spacing between the PV panels to let some part of the sunlight comes in. •Make the pathway smaller, just for the pedestrians, and not accessible by the vehicle. •Do more investigations on the green roof in terms of the constructions and plant selections. • Not convinced the internal courtyard in the STEM area works with the staff’s teaching needs, as it blocks lines of sight and limits flexible furniture arrangements for future proofing. Get rid of that.
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CO2 Zero - Semester 1, 2020
Forrest Primary School
Enquan Tang | 1005842
WEEK 08 In week 8, I did some changes on the design based on the comments last week and futher investigations of some engineering techniques.
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CO2 Zero - Semester 1, 2020
Forrest Primary School
Enquan Tang | 1005842
REVISED VERSION 1 OF THE KITCHEN GARDEN
Notes STUDIO 42 CO2 ZERO
Analysis of Thinking Enquan Tang 1005842
The previous arrangement of the PV panels in the shading pergola was too intense.
REFLECTIONS ON THE FEEDBACK FROM THE MID SEMESTER REVIEW
I created a shadow spacing between the panels according to idea of the sketch last week.
Model Update
Dim spaces can be solved in this version. The kitchen will become a space with light and shadow, and plants can get some sunlight through the shadow spacing between the panels.
Decision •The idea of the shadow spacing is the right way to go, next stept I should think about the supporting structure of this shading.
Dim outdoor spaces in Winter. From the tutors. Solutions •The arrangement of the PV shading is too intensive in the initial proposal. •Applying 1m shadow spacing between the PV panels to garantee the solar production and create the light and shadow outdoor space
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Solution Sketch last week
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CO2 Zero - Semester 1, 2020
Forrest Primary School
Enquan Tang | 1005842
CASE STUDY | GREENROOF SYSTEM COMPARISON
BURNLEY CAMPUS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE
•Low cost project, $13,930, 49m2 with 150kg/m2 •Components include ZinCo SSM45 protection mat and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) root barrier, a ZinCo FD40 drainage layer and ZinCo Filter Sheet SF. A scoria-based growing substrate was delivered by crane in 1 m3 bulker bags, and installed to a depth of 100 mm.
•ZinCo green roof systems •Combined with PV panels •Low maintenance and waste material as substrate with different depths.
•Low maintenance and waste material as substrate with different depths.
•Most of the plants are low-growing succulents ( Sedum) that can survive successfully under extreme conditions.
•Most of the plants are low-growing succulents ( Sedum) that can survive successfully under extreme conditions.
•Absence of irrigations systems
•Absence of irrigations systems, hand watered during the autum. One hour per week. 84
MUNICH TECHNOLOGY CENTRE, MUNICH
•Extermly site natural conditions, colder, snowy.
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CO2 Zero - Semester 1, 2020
Forrest Primary School
Enquan Tang | 1005842
PLANT SELECTIONS FOR THE GREEN ROOFS Succulents (16/sqm) + Rock out crop-Biodiversity •Succulents (Sedums) 16/sqm: Succulents is the most successful choice for the survival in the absence of irrigation, plants with low water use and high leaf succulence, such as Sedum pachyphyllum and S. xrubrotinctum. But, in terms of reducing the run-off of the stormwater from the green roofs, plants also need to dry out substrates between rainfall events, so the feature that low water use succulents are incapable of. •Rock out crop: The result shows that the rock outcrops can balance the high water use with high drought tolerance. The most successful species included Dianella revoluta, Stypandra glauca and Lomandra spp.
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CO2 Zero - Semester 1, 2020
Forrest Primary School
Enquan Tang | 1005842
GREEN WALL SYSTEM STUDY
Modular Green Wall System Details
Modular Green Wall System
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Notes
Analysis of Thinking
Decision
The green wall system can also plays the role as a addtional insualtions.
Based on the green wall research, the green wall can cool the surface of the wall in summer, which can reduce the need of cooling to save energy.
•The modular system is a good choice due to the easy installation and beautiful appearance. 89
CO2 Zero - Semester 1, 2020
Forrest Primary School
Enquan Tang | 1005842
SUMMARY ANALYSIS OF THE GREEN ROOFS & WALLS
Notes
Analysis of Thinking
One of the issues to cinsider about is whether the greenroof & wall system can be worked in the Canberra.
Firstly, the result of the comparison study really surprised me.
I chose a domestic project which is So I tried to find some precedents for the Unimelb Burnley Campus in Melcomparison to find the differences and bourne and another one is the Munich similarities to give me more evidence Energy Center in Germany. to support my design idea. In terms of the constructions of Also the plant selection is very the green roof, they have a similar important to the greenroof and wall. system, plant selections, substrate So I referred to the Growing Green media, and the same supplier. Guide which is a greenroofs and walls design guide issued by the VIC In terms of the natural conditions, government to find the suitable plant Munich is much more extreme than Melbourne that it has snow seasons choice in this project. in winter. And the plants still can
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grow and survive under the climate in Munich. Considering climates in Melbourne and Canberra are similar, this green roof and wall system is feasible in Canberra as well. Lastly, I found the ACT government issued a document called Canberra’s Living Infrastructure Plan. It’s about the ACT government has the desire to increase the area of the urban green landscape, green roofs and walls are included in this plan. Policy support is a great assist.
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CO2 Zero - Semester 1, 2020
Forrest Primary School
Enquan Tang | 1005842
WEEK 09 In week 9, referring to the design guide, I produced some sectional details design to respond the material and product selections. And also some ideas about the ceiling design.
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CO2 Zero - Semester 1, 2020
Forrest Primary School
CONTINUOUS CURVED FORM
Enquan Tang | 1005842
CURVED ACOUSTIC PANELS
HUMAN-KANJI
• the form of the calligraphy • the relationship between human and nature. • design for better human lives • human lives should respect to the nature SCEGGS INTERIM LIBRARY
Notes
Analysis of Thinking
Decision
The idea of the ceiling came up suddenly when I saw the image of the Kanji character Human. I got inspired by the form of the calligraphy, the continuous with the flow.
The spirit of HUMAN means a lot in environmentally sustainable design. The relationship between human lives and nature. This concept could be reflected in the form of the ceiling.
•Appling the continuous form in the ceiling to reflect the design spirit of Human.
I also researched some ceiling products that could achieve this effect.
A continuous curve flows from the natural environment into the interior spaces.
•Using the acoustic plywood as the material of the ceiling.
Not only the acoustic ceiling can improve the acoustic performance but it also guarantee natural ventilation.
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CO2 Zero - Semester 1, 2020
Forrest Primary School
Enquan Tang | 1005842
STUDIO 42 CO2 ZERO
Enquan Tang 1005842
Depth of the Substrate-referring the Growing Green Guide
Proposed Green Roof •Applying the succulents (16/sqm) + rock out crop plants system without the installation of the irrigations. •Thermal insulation is optional, but consider to the existing condition, polystyrene as the thermal insulation with the thickness of 60mm will be installed to the green roof of the refurbished Block D. •Pitched roof up to 15 degrees (ideal slopes), only use the gutters is ok for the roof primary drainage systems. And the Fixodrain drainage panel can store the stormwater and reuse it as irrigation. •Rubble and concrete curb will be used to prevent the run-off of the soil and mantain the primary drainage at the same time. •The growth of vegetation under the pv panels takes slightly more time than the vegetation with sunlight.-have confirmed with the product manager of ZinCo
Typical Layers of the Green Roof Construction -referring the Growing Green Guide
Proposed Building Envelope •Based on the case study of the Bullitt Center in A1, high R-value and good daylighting performance can be achieved with the combination of the exterior venetian blind, operable double glazed low-e window and interior roller blind. •The reduction of the thermal bridging can be achieved by the double brick (exterior veneer-clay brick to match the existing appearance, inner concrete units with the foilboard within the cavity. 96
Window System -referring the Bullittcenter in Assignment 1 2
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CO2 Zero - Semester 1, 2020
Forrest Primary School
Enquan Tang | 1005842
STUDIO 42 CO2 ZERO
Enquan Tang 1005842
Typical types of the Green Wall Construction -referring the Growing Green Guide
Green Wall •Hydroponic system, no structural decay of the growing medium, no salt build-up from fertilizers and nutrients are supplied in a precise and controlled manner •Substrate-based systems, substrate-holding containers made of plastic or metal that connected together and anchored to the wall or to an independent. The growing medium in these systems provides a structure to support the plant and facilitates water, air and nutrient access, decreasing the need for constant management associated with hydroponic systems. However, over time the reserve of nutrients will be exhausted and there can be a build up of salts in the growing medium. •Low cost and easy to install, Use a direct attaching species of plant, grown from the ground at the base of the wall-Jess’s feed back
+
=
Continuous Form •Using the Atark aluminum exterior veneer and interior acoustic with the same timber finish can not only achieve good acoustic performance (up to 34.51% in open area) but also can create a continuous ceiling flows and precision curves both in exterior and interior space. 98
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CO2 Zero - Semester 1, 2020
Forrest Primary School
Enquan Tang | 1005842
SUMMARY ANALYSIS OF THE DETAIL DESIGN
Notes
Analysis of Thinking
This week I presented my wall details to the engineers to see if there some problems.
I looked back to the design guide, and it said the box gutter can be the primary drainage of the roof.
After the discussion, the main problem is, how can I drain the water out of the roof. Because the substrate media will absorb the rainwater and it will become heavy.
Since I have already put the box gutter beside the fascia, I may also need water pipes to connect the bottom of the gutter and the ground drainage system to get the water out. Also, it may become a potential for rainwater recycle since I have the green wall system. The rainwater can be reused for the plant irrigations. Last but not least, simulations on energy consumptions and carbon
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emissions are also important. It’s a key process to show the client some evidence that the proposal can lead to a sustainable result. Decisions •The drainage of the roof needs water pipes to drain the water out. •The water pipe can connect to the drainage bed for the irrigation of the green wall plants. •Need to do some simulations on the estimate energy consumption and the carbon emission to respond to the carbon neutral.
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CO2 Zero - Semester 1, 2020
Forrest Primary School
Enquan Tang | 1005842
WEEK 10 In week 10, basically I resolved some problems of the sectional details with some energy simulations to respond to the carbon neutral. Also, I improved some design features especially the shading structure of the kitchen garden.
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CO2 Zero - Semester 1, 2020
Forrest Primary School
Enquan Tang | 1005842
Estimate R-Value
Estimate PV Productions (PVWatts Calculator)
•Roof-R 11.6 •Wall-R 8.65
•146,861 kWh/Year
•Window-R 2.75
Simulations of the Carbon Emissions & Energy Consumptions ( Proposed Wall e.g.) -data from Spekel
Rain water re-used for the green walls’ irrigation
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CO2 Zero - Semester 1, 2020
Forrest Primary School
Enquan Tang | 1005842
Existing Building Performance
Radiation
Daylighting | Morning
Daylighting | Afternoon
Existing Envelope R-Value
Estimate Proposed Envelop R-Value
•Roof-R 2.35
•Roof-R 11.06
•Wall-R 1.72
•Wall-R 5.18
•Window (single glazed)-R 0.18
•Window (Double Glazed Low-e)-R 2.75
Reduction of the Carbon Emmisions & Energy Consumptions ( Glazing System e.g.)-data from Spekel
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CO2 Zero - Semester 1, 2020
Forrest Primary School
Enquan Tang | 1005842
DESIGN IMPROVEMENT
PV in Glazing
Shading Structure in the Kitchen Garden-Week 8
Notes
Analysis of Thinking
Decisions
The initial material for the shading structure was steel. But after reconsidering, timber is the better choice dur to the high carbon embodied in steel.
Comparing to steel, the timber is the better material choice for the carbon reduction.
•Change the steel into LVL timber for the structure of the shading
Also, there’s a new technology that could be used, which is the PV cells embed into glazing instead of the solid panels.
After research, the LVL timber which is a wooden product for the permanent structure is the right way to go.
Layers of the PV in Glazing
•Applying the technology of PV in glazing as the cladding material
The technology of the PV in glazing can bring transparency to the garden, which is the best choice for the growth of organic food.
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CO2 Zero - Semester 1, 2020
Forrest Primary School
Enquan Tang | 1005842
REVISED VERSION OF THE SHADING STRUCTURE | AXON
Lvl Structural Beam
PV in Glazing Anti-refletive glass 2mm
Embedding layer TRADITIONAL CLOTHES MAKING
High efficiency cells 157mm*157mm
BY CHIEN-CHI CHANG
• aesthetics of the traditional textile craft
Embedding layer
• forms Rear glass 2mm Analysis of Thinking The form of the revised version is inspired by the traditional clothes making.
Aluminum frame
It shows the aesthetics of the traditional textile craft and the form of solid and void is organic.
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CO2 Zero - Semester 1, 2020
Forrest Primary School
Enquan Tang | 1005842
REVISED VERSION OF THE SHADING STRUCTURE | PERSPECTIVE
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CO2 Zero - Semester 1, 2020
Forrest Primary School
Enquan Tang | 1005842
WEEK 11 Week 11 is the last week for the project time frame. In this final session, I produced architectural drawings like plans, sections, elevations, and vignettes to show our client the final project.
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CO2 Zero - Semester 1, 2020
Forrest Primary School
Enquan Tang | 1005842
1. Block D 2. New Extension 3. Proposed Outdoor Playground 4. Existing Playground 5. Proposed New Link 6. Block B 7. Proposed Pedestrian Pathway 1
8. Existing Bus Shelter 9. Existing Drop-off & Pick-up
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Analysis of Thinking 9
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I want the client to feel the presention as a beautiful journey. Started from this site plan, it shows what I am proposing from a overall perspective, like the how new pathway go, the location of the new build, the connections between all the elements.
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CO2 Zero - Semester 1, 2020
Forrest Primary School
Enquan Tang | 1005842
Main Entrance
1. Block D 2. New Extension 3. Proposed Outdoor Playground
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4. Existing Playground 5. Proposed New Link 6. Block B
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7. Proposed Pedestrian Pathway
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8. Existing Bus Shelter 9. Existing Drop-off & Pick-up
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CO2 Zero - Semester 1, 2020
Forrest Primary School
Enquan Tang | 1005842
Proposed Pathway • Pedestrian, Bicycles • Connected to the exisiting bus shelter • Aligned to the borderline of the existing trees
Analysis of Thinking This is a very important vignette in the final presentation. It shows how beautiful the journey could be in this proposed pathway. It has a visual connection with the existing trees and the natural context. I want people to experience this atmosphere.
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CO2 Zero - Semester 1, 2020
Forrest Primary School
Enquan Tang | 1005842
1. Typical Classroom 2. Proposed Lanscape 3. Proposed Outdoor Playground 4. Existing Playground 5. Makerspace 6. Mixed Media Lab
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7. Stem 8. Kitchen Garden 9. Student Kitchen
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10. Proposed Pedestrian Pathway 11. Bike Storage 12. Existing Drop-off & Pick-up
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Analysis of Thinking
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A good ground floor plan can show a clear relationship between the exterior environment and the interior space.
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CO2 Zero - Semester 1, 2020
Forrest Primary School
Enquan Tang | 1005842
Kitchen Garden • Arrival of the proposed pathway • Organic Food Educations • Outdoor Learning • Central Yard
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CO2 Zero - Semester 1, 2020
Forrest Primary School
Enquan Tang | 1005842
LVL timber structure (XLam ® with PV panels in glazing (SOLARWATT ® VISION 60M, 40% transparency, 19.4% module efficiency) as the cladding material for shading.
Makerspace
PV in Glazing Anti-refletive glass
Lvl structural Beam
Air Source Heatpumps
Embedding layer
High efficiency cells
Embedding layer
Rear glass
Aluminum frame
PV Panels “Zinco Base” “Sedum Carpet” Geotextile Filter Drainage Layer Root Barrier Protection Mat Waterproof Roof Deck
PV Panels on ZinCo ® Base Frame + Lightweight Extensive Greenroof (146,861 kWh/Year) 126
Analysis of Thinking An exploded axonometric is a useful tool to show key design features and strategies in one graphic. 127
CO2 Zero - Semester 1, 2020
Forrest Primary School
Enquan Tang | 1005842
Makerspace • Handmade Educations • Sustainable Teaching
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CO2 Zero - Semester 1, 2020
Forrest Primary School
Enquan Tang | 1005842
Makerspace X Exhibition • After School Exhibition • Events for Community Analysis of Thinking The interior vignettes of the teaching area show I really considered the pedagogy of the school. The Makerspace provides a space for the students to make handmade work with the recycled material. It also can become an exhibition space to display their lovely works after school.
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CO2 Zero - Semester 1, 2020
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Forrest Primary School
Enquan Tang | 1005842
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CO2 Zero - Semester 1, 2020
Forrest Primary School
Enquan Tang | 1005842
1. Typical Classroom 2. Makerspace 3. Mix-media Lab 4. Outdoor Walkways 5. Stem 6. Staff Lounge 7. Tutoring Room 8. Meeting Room
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9. Storage 10. Kitchen Garden
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11. Student Kitchen
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12. Toilets 13. Food Storage
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14. Proposed Pathway 13
15. Bike Storages
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ONE DAY IN THE FORREST
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CO2 Zero - Semester 1, 2020
Forrest Primary School
Enquan Tang | 1005842
Mix-media Lab • IT Educations • Floor Sitting Study Area (teachers’ desire) • Mini Theater
Analysis of Thinking During the site visit, the teachers said they really wish to have more teaching spaces that the students can just sit on the floor for learning. So I learned from the Japanese Tatami and apply this style into the Mixed media Lab classroom instead of a rigged space.
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CO2 Zero - Semester 1, 2020
Forrest Primary School
Enquan Tang | 1005842
STEM • Self-learning • Knowledge Expansion
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CO2 Zero - Semester 1, 2020
Forrest Primary School
Proposed Pathway
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Kitchen Garden
Enquan Tang | 1005842
Makerspace
Outdoor Walkway
Playground
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CO2 Zero - Semester 1, 2020
Forrest Primary School
Enquan Tang | 1005842
• Shading
• Natural Daylighting + Ventilations+ Acoustic
• Greenroofs + Greenwalls
• PV Panels + Greenroof
Outdoor teaching activities could be a challenge,
South-facing clerestories can get comfortable
The proposed green roofs and green
Facing the north orientation, the proposed PV panels
especially during the summer under strong sun
natural daylighting and also can achieve natu-
walls are aimed to increase the urban
with the 20-degree tilted angle can guarantee the best
exposure. The LVL timber shading structure with
ral ventilation to guarantee good air qualities.
greening landscape to support the Can-
solar production results (146,861 kWh/Year).
berra’s Living Infrastructure Plan which is
the 40% transparency PV glazing can not only
issued by the ACT Government.
With the ZinCo ® base frame sit on the lightweight
provide cool and comfortable outdoor learning
The continuous curved acoustic ceiling panels
spaces but also can generate electricity with clean
by Atkar Group can achieve a good interior
solar energy.
acoustic environment and assist the process
Also, the green roofs and green walls
formance of the energy productions can be better since
above.
can provide natural insulation to reduce
the greenroof can provide a cool and surface for the PV
the need for heating and cooling.
panels under suitable working temptures.
extensive greenroof (ZinCo ® sedum carpet), the per-
CALL-OUT
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CO2 Zero - Semester 1, 2020
New Link
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Forrest Primary School
STEM Room
Kitchen Garden
Enquan Tang | 1005842
Outdoor Walkway
Student Kitchen
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CO2 Zero - Semester 1, 2020
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Forrest Primary School
Enquan Tang | 1005842
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CO2 Zero - Semester 1, 2020
Forrest Primary School
Enquan Tang | 1005842
• PV Panels + Greenroof
• Air-source Heat Pumps
• Window System
• Shading
Remove the existing poor insulated metal roof deck.
High energy efficiency air-source heat pumps
The new window system includes the double glaz-
Shading structure with deciduous vines
With the ZinCo ® base frame sit on the lightweight
are served as the mechanical solutions for the
ing low-e windows, interior roller blinds, and the
can reduce the impact of the direct east
extensive greenroof (ZinCo ® sedum carpet), the per-
HAVC. Power can be generated by the roof PV
exterior louvers. Installed within the highly insulat-
sunlight and provide a comfortable visual
formance of the energy productions can be better since
panels.
ed double brick walls in a suitable window ratio.
outdoor environment for the classrooms.
the greenroof can provide a cool and surface for the PV panels under suitable working temptures.
CALL-OUT
• Better thermal performance • Low-cost • Easy installations without destroying primary existing building’s structure • Long life span with Less Maintain
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Forrest Primary School
Enquan Tang | 1005842
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CO2 Zero - Semester 1, 2020
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Forrest Primary School
Enquan Tang | 1005842
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CO2 Zero - Semester 1, 2020
Forrest Primary School
Enquan Tang | 1005842
Exterior
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CO2 Zero - Semester 1, 2020
Forrest Primary School
Enquan Tang | 1005842
SUMMARY ANALYSIS OF THE FINAL PRESENTATION
Analysis of Thinking This project is accomplished with massive researches and reflective design thinking. Keeping a great balance between architectural and engineering is the challenge of this project. But it’s very helpful to form rational thinking and develop some practical skills in architectural practice, like how to communicate with the client and the
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engineers, how to make things work instead of staying on the paper. All the things I have learned from this project are really helpful for my up-coming project and my future career in the industry.
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