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3. J. Burchell, Travels in the Interior of Southern Africa (London: Batchworth Press, 1822), p. 413. 4. C. J. Andersson, Lake Ngami, or, Explorations and Discoveries during Four Years’ Wanderings in the Wilds of Southwestern Africa (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1856), pp. 193–94. Commenting about him and his companion, he wrote, “We did not join in the dance, but amused ourselves with admiring the ladies. What with their charms, which were by no means inconsiderable, and [perhaps most importantly] the wonderful regard they evinced for us, these damsels all but ruined our peace of mind.” 5. Richard Giddy, a missionary to the Tswana at Thaba Nchu in South Africa in 1839. Quoted in G. Setiloane, The Image of God among the Sotho-Tswana (Rotterdam: A. A. Balkema, 1976), p. 92. 6. Burchell, Travels in the Interior of Southern Africa, p. 63. 7. R. Katz, Boiling Energy: Community Healing among the Kalahari Kung (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1982), p. 42. 8. M. G. Guenther, “The Trance Dancer as an Agent of Social Change among the Farm Bushmen of the Ganzi District,” Botswana Notes and Records 7 (1975): 161–66. 9. Performances that exemplify some of the traditional polyrhythmic, harmonic, and “offset” or “off-beat” characteristics of Tswana music can be heard (and purchased) on the Smithsonian Institution Web site at http://www.smithsonianglobalsound.org/containerdetail.asp?itemid=2856. 10. J. Denbow’s excavation notes for Matlapaneng, winter 1984. 11. J. Denbow’s excavation notes for Bosutswe, July 2002. 12. P. R. Kirby, The Musical Instruments of the Native Races of South Africa (Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press, 1968), p. 199. 13. D. Livingstone and I. Schapera, Family Letters, 1841–1856, vol. 1 (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1975), p. 206. 14. Kirby, The Musical Instruments of the Native Races of South Africa, p. 80. 15. For English speakers, the call of the gray lowry, “gawaaay,” elicits a similar linguistic interpretation, resulting in its nickname as the “go away” bird. 16. Kirby, The Musical Instruments of the Native Races of South Africa, p. 46. 17. M. N. Mosothwane, “An Ethnographic Study of Initiation in Schools among the Bakgatla ba ga Kgafela at Mochudi (1874–1988),” in Pula: Botswana Journal of African Studies 15(1): 152. 18. The Gonometa postica silkworm is found widely in Botswana, as it feeds on a variety of acacias, especially Acacia erioloba, A. melifera, and A. tortilis. Gonometa rufobrunnea is more restricted in its distribution to northeastern Botswana, where it feeds exclusively on mopane trees (Cholophospermum mopane). There is a lively trade in dance rattles to those parts of Botswana where these trees and their silkworms do not live. 19. Kirby, The Musical Instruments of the Native Races of South Africa, p. 4. 20. J. D. Lewis-Williams, Believing and Seeing: Symbolic Meanings in Southern San Rock Paintings (London: Academic Press, 1981).