CONTENTS
UNIT
VOCABULARY WORD BUILDING
GRAMMAR
FUNCTIONS
Describing emotions
Subject & object questions
Asking follow-up questions
Suffixes: -ment, -ness, -ion
Talking about the present: Present simple, Present continuous, Present perfect
Travel
Adjectives ending in -ed and -ing
Compound nouns
Narrative forms: Past simple, Past continuous, Past perfect
1 In touch with your feelings Pages 8–17
2 Enjoy the ride
Asking for directions VIDEO
Video Functions A Asking for travel information (p. 148)
Pages 18–27
Consolidation & Certification pp. 28-30
CITIZENSHIP Getting around sustainably VIDEO pp. 34-35 Sports
Past simple & Present perfect
Phrasal verbs
Present perfect simple & continuous
Agreeing & disagreeing VIDEO
Video Functions B Narrating an event (p. 149)
3 Active lives Pages 36–45
Describing food Compound adjectives
Future forms (1): will, may/might, be going to, Present continuous, Present simple Future forms (2): Future continuous, Future perfect
Talking about hopes & goals VIDEO
Video Functions C Making predictions (p. 150)
4 Food
Pages 46–55
Consolidation & Certification pp. 56-58
CITIZENSHIP Wasting less food VIDEO pp. 62-63 Describing work
Verb patterns: Verb + -ing / verb + to
Talking about skills & personality
Ways of seeing Present & past modal verbs Modal verbs for deduction
5 Work
Pages 64–73
The human body
Zero & First conditional
Permission & possibility
Second conditional If only & wish
Describing photos VIDEO
Video Functions D Advice at the doctor’s (p. 151)
6 Superhuman Pages 74–83
Consolidation & Certification pp. 84-86 2
CITIZENSHIP Ensuring decent work for everyone VIDEO pp. 90-91
PRONUNCIATION VIDEO MAPS Pronunciation The sounds /ɒ/,/ʌ/, /əʊ/ VIDEO MAPS
Present simple Present continuous Present perfect
Pronunciation The sound /ɔː/ VIDEO MAPS
Past simple Past continuous Present perfect
Pronunciation The sounds /aʊ/, /əʊ/ VIDEO MAPS
Past simple & Present perfect
Pronunciation will, won’t VIDEO MAPS
be going to will
Pronunciation The sounds /n/, /ƞ/
LANGUAGE SKILLS
STRATEGIES
PRESENTATION SKILLS TED TALKS
Reading
Listening Multiple matching Critical Thinking Rhetorical questions Reading & Writing Error correction Writing Emphasis
Presentation skills
Listening Completing tables
VIDEO
Why do people smile?
Listening Two explorers talking about their lives Two friends discussing a film Speaking Talking about films and books Writing
A book or film review
Reading
Urbexers: life on the edge of a city
p. 31
Critical Thinking Selecting information
TED Talks
Speaking Explaining how to get somewhere
Writing Telling a story
pp. 32–33
Reading Topic sentences
Presentation skills
Reading & Writing Mediating (processing a text)
Supporting your argument
Writing Giving an opinion
Using statistics in a talk
Writing
A story
Reading
Can athletics protect Africa’s lions?
Listening A podcast about a young climber Friends discussing a controversial sport issue Speaking Discussing sports for your school Writing
An opinion essay
Reading
World food
Listening A podcast about food People saying what they’d like to change Writing
A travel blog
Reading
A real-life crime-fighting superpower!
Listening Two different employers A job interview Writing
A letter of application
Reading
A world of cyborgs
Zero & First conditional Second conditional
Speaking Guessing a picture from a description Writing
An article describing a person
Happy maps
p. 59
Writing Descriptive language
VIDEO
TED Talks Why I’m a weekday vegetarian
Speaking Discussing future plans and hopes
Listening A radio programme about the human body A description of a photo
VIDEO MAPS
Using slides to illustrate a talk
Listening Three journeys to school People giving directions
Speaking Summer job interviews
Pronunciation Stressed syllables
Visual aids
pp. 60–61
Reading Guessing meaning from context
Presentation skills
Writing Appropriate tone
Using repetition
Listening Completing information Citizenship Participation in local communities Writing Planning an article
Organising a talk p. 87
VIDEO
TED Talks Deep sea diving… in a wheelchair pp. 88–89
3
CONTENTS
UNIT
VOCABULARY WORD BUILDING
GRAMMAR
FUNCTIONS
Money & shopping
The passive (all tenses)
Talking to a sales assistant
Adverbs
have / get something done
VIDEO
Reflexive & reciprocal pronouns
Video Functions E Describing objects (p. 152)
Reported statements & questions
Showing understanding
7 Shopping around Pages 92–101
Ways of communicating Compounds of some, any, no, every
Verb patterns with reporting verbs
VIDEO
Video Functions F Showing sympathy (p. 153)
8 Effective communication Pages 102–111
Consolidation & Certification pp. 112-114
CITIZENSHIP Communicating with others VIDEO pp. 118-119 Creative arts
Questions tags
Expressions with make
Defining & non-defining relative clauses
Phrasal verbs about time
Third conditional
Asking for recommendations
9 Unexpected entertainment Pages 120–129
If only & wish Expressions with time Modal verbs: past speculation, deduction & regret
Expressing reasons VIDEO
Video Functions G Apologising (p. 154)
10 Time
Pages 130–139
Consolidation & Certification pp. 140-142
CITIZENSHIP Coping with emotions VIDEO pp. 146-147
Video Functions
Writing Bank Units 1–10
pp. 162–171
A VIDEO Asking for travel information B VIDEO Narrating an event C VIDEO Making predictions D VIDEO Advice at the doctor’s E VIDEO Describing objects F VIDEO Showing sympathy G VIDEO Apologising
Speaking Bank Units 1–10
pp. 172–181
World Map
p. 182
Workbook Units 1–10
pp. 183–253
Grammar reference & practice Units 1–10
pp. 254–273
Irregular verb list / Phonetics
pp. 274–275
TED Talks videoscripts
pp. 276–279
Key Vocabulary / Wordlist / Talk the talk
pp. 280–286
pp. 148–154
Career advice Future perspectives Future opportunities
4
p. 155 p. 159
PRONUNCIATION VIDEO MAPS Pronunciation The schwa sound /ə/ VIDEO MAPS
The passive
LANGUAGE SKILLS
STRATEGIES
PRESENTATION SKILLS TED TALKS
Reading
Critical Thinking Reading between the lines
Presentation skills
Listening Alternative ways to shop Three conversations in shops
Writing Adverts
Speaking Shopping role plays Writing
Pronunciation -ed endings on reporting verbs
Nothing for a year
Signposting & sequencing p. 115
An advert
Reading
The structure of a talk
VIDEO
An experiment in intercultural communication Listening Friends talking about an astronaut People complaining about something Speaking Complaining when something’s wrong Writing A formal email of complaint
Reading Paragraph headings Critical Thinking Using direct speech Speaking Sympathetic intonation Writing Using formal linkers
Reading Making a splash Listening Friends discussing entertainment A famous museum Speaking Discussing recommendations for places to visit Writing Describing and recommending a place
Social development Coping with fears and emotions Writing Paragraphing
Presentation skills
Pronunciation The sounds /i/, /iː/
Reading
Critical Thinking Reaching conclusions
VIDEO
TED Talks
VIDEO MAPS
Listening Older people giving advice Opinions about ‘the right age’
Writing Using discourse markers
Inside the mind of a master procrastinator
Pronunciation Silent letters
Third conditional
The clockmaker who changed the world
Speaking Discussing pros and cons of issues Writing
TED Talks Ten ways to have a better conversation p. 116–117
Giving your talk Using humour p. 143
pp. 144–145
A ‘for and against’ essay
5
WELCOME TO PERSPECTIVES What’s Your Perspective? Perspectives gives you the opportunity to think critically and to develop the language skills you need to find your own voice in English. The carefully guided language lessons, real-world stories and TED Talks will motivate you to think creatively and communicate effectively. In Perspectives, you will develop: • A GLOBAL, OPEN MIND Every unit explores one idea from different perspectives. You will practise new language while looking at the world in new ways 3 Active lives
“
VOCABULARY Sports
”
If you have a body, you are an athlete. Bill Bowerman (American track and field coach, co-founder of Nike)
1
VISIBLE THINKING Look at the photo. See 1 Where is the woman? What is she doing? Think 2 How do you think she is feeling? Could you do this kind of activity? Wonder 3 What questions have you got about why people do these extreme activities?
2
Put these words into the correct category. Use a dictionary if necessary. Then work in pairs and add more words to each category. bounce diving opponent sailing
catch gymnastics pitch spectator
Sports
People
climbing karate referee the 100-metre sprint Places
coach kick rink throw
court net rope track
Equipment
Actions
you to the topic of the unit in a motivating way
• Consolidate, expand and practise
climbing
3
• A discussion point introduces
your knowledge of vocabulary through a variety of activities
Write five sentences about sports using the words in Ex. 2. In tennis, you have to hit the ball to your opponent’s side of the court.
4
Write a verb from the box next to each set of possible collocations. achieve beat do encourage go play represent score train win 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
5
• Do you agree that we can all consider ourselves athletes? A climber jumping between rocks under the Toce waterfall in Piedmont, Italy.
• How could this discourage people from doing sports and being active?
> World Map, p. 182
MY PERSPECTIVE 6
IN THIS UNIT YOU WILL
Ø talk about the reasons for doing sport Ø read about how athletics is saving Africa’s lions
36
Ø learn about runners Ø write an opinion essay about sport
Work in pairs. Which sport or sports could the statements (1–6) be about? 1 The pitch is where I meet all my friends. And I feel proud when I’m representing my club in matches and tournaments. 2 Being out in my boat gives me a real sense of freedom. It’s always played an important role in my life. 3 When I’m up a mountain, it’s about pushing my own limits, not winning trophies or breaking records. 4 I’m doing it to raise money for a children’s charity. I’ve been training for months, but I’ve still got a long way to go! 5 I want to encourage the younger players to have some fun on the court. 6 To be honest, I don’t enjoy it much – it’s quite boring. I only do it to keep fit.
CLASS DISCUSSION
• Nowadays, is there too much emphasis on results and winning rather than on enjoying yourself and taking part?
a prize / a trophy / the gold medal climbing / sailing / cycling golf / tennis / an important role gymnastics / yoga / your best people to work as a team / children to exercise more for the event / before the race / hard your goal / your personal best / your ambition your school / your country / the team a goal / ten points your opponent / the champion
Do you do any sports for the reasons in bold in Ex. 5? What other reasons can you think of for doing sport?
PRONUNCIATION /aʊ/,/əʊ/
Unit 3 Active lives
• A CRITICAL EYE You will learn the critical thinking skills and strategies you need to evaluate new information and develop your opinions.
37
10B The man who mastered time WORD BUILDING Expressions with time English has thousands of words, but some are much more frequent than others. In fact, the 700 most frequent words make up about 70% of all the English you hear and read, and you already know many more words than that! However, common words often combine with others to create expressions with new meanings. Here are some expressions with the word time, the 55th most common word in the English language. 3/4/5 times a long time on time
• Focus on Word Building items like collocations,
a full-time job all the time once upon a time
Read about frequent words in English. Which of the expressions with time in the box do you already use?
2
Work in pairs. Find expressions with time in these sentences and check you know their meaning. Use a dictionary if necessary. 1 His designs were years ahead of their time. Even now, some of them seem advanced. 2 I get strange messages from my brother from time to time. Does he send them to you sometimes, too? 3 It’s a waste of time asking Jim: he won’t help you. 4 If we don’t leave now, we won’t get there in time for the start of the show. 5 In the past, life at sea was extremely dangerous. At one time, sailors would be lucky to survive to more than forty years old. 6 While we waited for the train, we passed the time playing cards. 7 It’s my birthday in two days’ time! 8 It’s time to find out the results! Let’s see who this year’s winner is.
• Authentic texts about issues that are relevant to
3
teenagers
Work in pairs. Use expressions from Ex. 2 to write five sentences that you think are true about your partner. Read your sentences to your partner. Were your sentences true? A You don’t like competitive sports, but you go running from time to time. B That's not true! I play tennis – that's competitive.
READING 4
• Regular strategies boxes help you to become
text. What was the ‘Longitude Problem’ and how did John Harrison solve it?
6
Talking to the sales assistant a Where are the changing rooms? b Do you have any chocolate ones? c I’m just browsing, thanks.
4
a b c d
music shop vintage bookshop café clothes shop
Work in pairs. Discuss the questions.
7
Match the nine parts of the advert to the features (a–i) below.
1
2.14 Listen again and write in which conversation(s) (1, 2 or 3), the customer wants to spend time looking at things? a can pay less than normal today? b uses a card to pay? c wants to buy more than one thing? d finds something they really love? e
5
Ask seller
Work in pairs. Read the Critical Thinking box. Then decide if these statements are most likely to be true or false. Discuss and give reasons. 1 The disaster in 1707 encouraged the longitude prize to be set up. 2 Harrison became angry with the board.
7
5
10
Now discuss these questions with your partner. 1 What conclusions can you reach from the article about the Board of Longitude? 2 What information do you have that helped you reach these conclusions?
15
COLLABORATION 8
MEDIATING CONCEPTS Work in groups. Choose an
inventor from the past. Prepare a presentation to give to the class to explain why he/she was so important. Include: • a short biography of the person and/or historical period • what he/she invented and why it was significant • any other interesting details (collaboration with other people, difficulties, the time it took, …)
20
25
THE ‘LONGITUDE PROBLEM’ GPS technology allows you to know exactly where you are on Earth, to within a few metres. It is available to anyone with a smartphone or GPS watch. But at one time it wasn’t this easy. Before the eighteenth century, sailors could calculate how far north or south they were (their latitude) by measuring the height of the sun in the sky, but they couldn’t know their position east or west (their longitude) accurately. Because the Earth rotates once every 24 hours, you had to know the exact time in order to navigate well. Good timekeeping on land was difficult, and almost impossible at sea. Time and again, ships got lost or crashed against the rocks, and thousands of sailors died each year. In 1707, four ships were lost and 1,500 sailors died when ships from the British navy ran against rocks after getting lost in fog. Although this was a terrible tragedy, it was a common story in the eighteenth century because there was no way for ships to navigate accurately. In 1714, a prize of £20,000 (about £2.8 million today) was promised to anyone who could solve the ‘Longitude Problem’. A group of experts, the Board of Longitude, was set up to judge proposals, which had to be accurate to within about 50 kilometres. It included important politicians and scientists, who all believed the answer would be found in the stars.
30
35
40
45
50
55
Meanwhile, in the north of England, miles from the centre of politics and science, the son of a carpenter was learning how to build clocks. By the time he was twenty, John Harrison had built his first pendulum clock, and it wasn’t long before he was building some of the most accurate clocks in the world. But Harrison knew that pendulums didn’t work on a moving ship, and he wanted to win the Longitude Prize. Over the next 30 years, he invented mechanisms that allowed clocks to keep the correct time, no matter how the sea was moving or how the temperature changed. He presented a series of clocks and watches to the Board between 1735 and 1765. On three sea voyages they proved successful, but each time the Board ruled that the results could just have been good luck and refused to give him the prize. Harrison, now an old man, decided to speak to the king about the matter. Finally, in 1773, he was given a reward that he should have received a long time before. It wasn’t the full prize, but it did mean he was rich for the last three years of his life. In their day, Harrison’s sea watches were way ahead of their time in terms of engineering and accuracy; it must have been like seeing a driverless car today. They were incredibly expensive to begin with, but very quickly it would have been unthinkable to go to sea without one. Explorers were able to map the world more accurately, and thousands of lives were saved. These days, Harrison is remembered as one of history’s greatest inventors.
Unit 10 Time
• A CLEAR VOICE You will respond to the unit theme and express your own ideas confidently in English
6
4
• Step-by-step activities with clear models
7 5
Thanks. I’m not sure of the size I need. No, I’ve got my own thanks. You’re welcome. OK. Thanks. I’ll leave it. I’m not sure. I’ll check for you. This is one of our best-selling models.
Work in pairs. Choose a shop or café and practice a conversation between a customer and sales assistant. Then swap roles, changing place and item.
Make an offer
❤ Add to favourites
Match the sentences to form six mini-dialogues between customers and sales assistants.
a b c d e f
Prices and paying g How much is it? h Is contactless OK?
Buy now
3 2
1 Would you like a bag? 2 Have you got these boots in size 44? 3 We’ve only got red ones, I’m afraid. 4 Which one would you recommend? 5 Do you need any help? 6 Don’t worry. Thanks anyway.
Saying what you want d I’m after something from the seventies. e I’m a medium. f I’ll buy it.
You’d probably conclude that the boy is cruel or violent, even though the text says nothing about his personality. Do you change your mind if you read: ‘The boy kicked the dog by accident.’ or ‘The boy kicked the dog to protect his brother.’? 6
lead you towards greater competence in spoken and written English
8
9
8
Competences Look at the Writing Strategies box. Read the advert again and delete sentences which do not give relevant information.
9
Now read these sentences from other online adverts. Decide which of the features (a–i) in Ex. 7 each one could introduce. 1 Bought it new and have had it for… 2 Comes in its original packaging and with instruction manual. 3 Due to the size of the item, I cannot ship. Collection Rome area, please. 4 Measures… in length. 5 Only has… small scratches / marks… 6 Seller ships within one day of receiving payment. 7 Unfortunately, I can no longer use it because… 8 Will accept offers above…
WRITING STRATEGIES Adverts • Include all the relevant details the reader needs to decide if they want to buy the item. • If any information is not relevant to the buyer, don’t include it. • Keep sentences short, e.g. instead of This bike is a real bargain, write A real bargain! • Use rhetorical questions to attract the reader, e.g. Looking for earphones with a perfect sound?
All TED Talks, videos, Grammar Video Maps and audio files are available on the FLIP BOOK and downloadable with the ELI LINK App on your phone. 10 Write an advert for something you could sell. Use the Writing
Strategies box to help you.
11 Read your classmates’ adverts. Which item would you most like
to buy?
100 Unit 7 Shopping around
6
John Harrison’s Marine Timekeeper on temporary dispaly at the Science Museum, London.
THE CLOCKMAKER WHO CHANGED THE WORLD
60
1 What apps or websites do you know for selling and buying second-hand things? 2 Have you ever used them? 3 What are the advantages and disadvantages of using these apps/sites?
2.14 INVALSI Listen to three conversations in different shops. Match each one to where it takes place. There is one extra option that you do not need.
Conversation 1 Conversation 2 Conversation 3
Functions
The boy kicked the dog.
John Harrison:
WRITING An advert
SPEAKING & LISTENING Shopping
3
We can use the information we read in texts to reach conclusions of our own. For example, from this sentence, what could you conclude about the boy?
134 Unit 10 Time
7D Buying & selling 2
CRITICAL THINKING Reaching conclusions
> World Map, p. 182
a better learner
VISIBLE THINKING Look at the photos. See 1 Where are the people? What are they buying or looking at? Think 2 Why do you think they have chosen these particular places? Wonder 3 What questions have you got about the places and things for sale?
2.32 Look at the photo. Then listen and read the
INVALSI Are the statements true (T) or false (F)? Write the first four words of the sentence from the text which supports your decision.
1 In the eigtheenth century, it was harder to tell the time at sea than on land. ________________ 2 It was not unusual for ships to be lost at sea in that period. ___________________________ 3 The judges on the Board of Longitude were all members of the government. ________________ 4 Harrison was already making clocks while he was a teenager. __________________________ 5 He finally received the £20,000 prize money in 1773. ________________________________ 6 Harrison’s inventions meant that fewer people died at sea. _____________________________
a great time in my spare time find the time
1
prefixes and suffixes, compound nouns to help you improve your Use of English
1
5
The most frequent words in English
Unit 7 Shopping around
101
135
7&8 Presentation Skills 3&4 Consolidation & Certification
LISTENING
VOCABULARY & WORD BUILDING 1
P Choose the correct option.
3
1 Traditional weddings in Italy are often really long with so much food, often seven or eight ____. A plates B courses C meals D bowls 2 The winner of the competition will get a ____ of 1000€, second place 500€ and third place 250€. A price B award C trophy D prize 3 There are some people who follow a ____ food diet, where nothing is cooked or heated. A raw B processed C junk D vitamin 4 Tomorrow’s tennis match has been cancelled because the ____ is flooded. A pitch B rink C court D field 5 I usually work ____ three or four times a week in the gym. A up B out C in D for 6 The doctor thought I was eating too many sweet things and told me to cut ____. A down B up C away D off 7 Despite training hard, she didn’t ____ her opponent in the final. A win B beat C score D reach 8 In this recipe, the vegetables are lightly ____ so they are healthy and full of vitamins. A steamed B raw C processed D fried 2
Our language club has been (1) teaching / taught Mandarin Chinese to adults and children (2) since / for nearly 20 years. When we first started, we (3) have had / had 25 students, but now the numbers (4) are / have grown to over 250. We have first-class teachers, all mother-tongue, who are dedicated to helping all our members improve. We have (5) never / recently started collaborating with a cookery school to offer cooking-language classes which (6) have been / have been being really popular. And we’re (7) will / going to introduce martial arts-language lessons too. These should be in September, but they haven’t been confirmed (8) already / yet. We will (9) have planned / be planning a celebration for our 20th anniversary next January, so stay tuned for all the details of that. Hopefully we will have (10) finished / finishing the new language labs by then too.
B looking balanced made known baked fashioned
3 Louis suggests not thinking of exercise as 4 He says you mustn’t have 5 Louis tries to make his exercises 6 He hasn’t got any definite plans for
3 When reviewing a restaurant, she never A orders dishes from the menu. B returns to the same restaurant twice. C accepts a free meal.
a
unrealistic goals.
b
easier alternatives.
4 In her opinion, why is she so successful? A She is always honest. B She always publishes photos of what she eats. C Her writing style is unique.
c
more fun for children.
d
discipline and time.
5 Her goal for the future is A to open her own restaurant. B to write a cookery book. C to become a political journalist.
e
an obligation.
f
appropriate for all levels.
g
live streams for children.
h
his shows in the future.
6 She says she had her best meal ever in A Sydney. B London. C Naples.
8
1.23 P Listen and choose the correct option.
6
4
Write ONE word in each space. Two parents are talking about their children’s achievements… Susan Hi Marie. How are you? What have you been doing (1) ________ we last saw each other? Marie Well, we’ve (2) ________ so busy. My eldest graduated from university last month. Susan That’s great. By this time next year I hope that Jack (3) ________ have finished too. Has he found a job (4) ________? Marie Yes, he’ll (5) ________ starting next week. Susan That’s good. Marie Arabella (6) ________ change jobs soon. She’s not sure, but she’s fed up with the law firm where she works. Susan Right. And the twins? Marie They’re (7) ________ to attend the conservatoire next year. Susan When (8) ________ they start with music? Marie When they (9) ________ 4. Actually, they’ll (10) ________ finished their piano lessons by now. I need to go and pick them up. Let’s go for a coffee soon to catch up. I’ve got loads to tell you. Susan Sure. I’ll call you.
_________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________
1 Wilkington’s Bakery has a wide selection of _____________ pastries and breads. 2 The décor of the restaurant is a little _____________, but the service and food are excellent. 3 He’s a _____________ athlete in his home country, but most people abroad haven’t heard of him. 4 It’s important for everyone, not just sports people, to have a _____________ diet in order to be healthy. 5 The city has a lot of contemporary architecture, but the stadium, despite being _____________, was built in the 1970s. 6 My grandmother always had _____________ jam in her cupboard.
A
B
19:30
20:00
1
20:15
2 When is the sports competition? A
B JULY
C JUNE
17th
”
1 What is the topic of Dylan’s talk? or conclusion of his talk? 2 Is this the introduction, main part How do you know? talk will be divided? 3 How do you think the rest of his How many parts could there be?
3
2
How long will they spend at Anne Hathaway’s cottage?
3
How will they get to the Butterfly Farm?
17th
4
What won’t they be able to see there?
5
Who will give them a tour of the town?
6
What will they visit in the afternoon?
B
7
What can they do after this?
8
What should they take with them?
2 That
COR
N FLAK
next).
4 Now let’s
Indicators can be used to provide a pause for the speaker. Sequencers First of all, / Secondly, / My third point, / Finally, / Lastly, …
Signposts This brings us to our next point. say / Let’s move on. / That’s all I wanted to about… … Indicators Okay, / Right, / Now, / Well,
thing I’d like to consider is the design. at the disadvantages.
3 The
, I’m going to talk about the legal aspect. vision.
5 In this last
the next five minutes explaining my
6 I’d like to YOUR TALK 4
C
We can use sequencers and signposts to help the audience understand the different stages of a talk, (what we have just said and what we are going to say
underline similar words and
by giving you an overview of its history. me to the end of my first point.
1 I’ll
3 What does the woman want from the shops? A
COMPETENCES
with the words in the box. Complete the expressions for signposting start brings look next part spend
Where are they going on the trip? To Stratford What time does their train leave?
AUGUST
17th
Read the Competences box. Then expressions in Dylan’s talk.
2
1.25 Listen to a teacher giving his class information about a school trip. While listening, answer the questions (1–8) using a maximum of FOUR words. Write your answers in the spaces provided.
0
C
a student, Dylan, and answer the
“
2 During the pandemic, Louis did
1 What time will they meet at the restaurant?
Complete each sentence with a compound adjective. Use one word from column A and one from column B. A wellfreshlyhomeoldmodernwell-
Choose the correct alternative.
KaiXin Language Club
a talk by 2.23 Read and listen to part of questions below.
different apps that I think can Today I’m going to talk about three been using them a lot over the last help teenagers save money. I’ve they work. Firstly, there’s a price few months, so I can guarantee that then there’s a kind of Freecycle comparison app for online shopping, delivery app. I heard about this third app, and last of all, there’s a food me that he and his friends had one from my older brother. He told trip. Apparently, the hotel food used it when they were on a school curries and stuff like that delivered. was awful, so they got sushi, salads, saving money and more like a way I know it sounds less like a way of you that it is a good way to eat well of spending it. However, I’ll show But for now, let’s get back to the and spend less, if you use it carefully. one. Here, I’d like to give you first app on my list: the price comparison a demonstration.
1 The people who watch Louis’ show often lack
2 How long has Karen been a restaurant blogger? A Since January this year. B For over 10 years. C Since 2017.
GRAMMAR
1
Louis Walsh. Match the sentences (1–6) to the correct ending (a–h). There are two extra endings you do not need.
1 Karen’s article that went viral was about A the anniversary of a starred restaurant. B the opening of a Michelin restaurant. C a TV interview.
Vocabulary revision sports; phrasal verbs; describing food; compound adjectives
g & sequencing
1.24 Listen to an interview with a TV fitness coach,
7
restaurant blogger, and choose the correct option.
Grammar revision Past simple & Present perfect; Present perfect simple & continuous; revision of future forms; Future perfect; Future continuous
THE STRUCTURE OF A TALK Signpostin
CERTIFICATION
1.22 P Listen to the interview with Karen, a
5
the class. and prepare a short talk to give to Choose one of the following topics follow. your presentation clear and easy to Remember to use signposting to make buyers • A website for private sellers and money • Ways teenagers can make some n within a family • The importance of communicatio to how the TED Talk. While you watch, pay attention On pages 116–117 you will watch a it easy to follow. she is saying and whether this makes
ES
speaker structures what
Units 7&8 Presentation Skills
56 Units 3&4 Consolidation & Certification
Units 3&4 Consolidation & Certification
115
57
• Consolidation & Certification three pages focusing on a
• Regular Presentation Skills pages guide you through the process of preparing an oral presentation in English, helping to build your self-confidence in public speaking
traditional review plus a preparation to Cambridge English Certifications and INVALSI
Happy maps
TALKS
think that adventure dangerous, try routine. “IfisIt’syou deadly. ” DANIELE QUERCIA
• After every two units, watch an authentic TED Talk
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
and expand your perspective on global life issues
1
Read about the TED Talk speaker, Daniele Quercia. Does he think the fastest route from A to B is always the best? Daniele Quercia is a scientist at Yahoo! Labs in Barcelona. He works on new ways to use online maps to improve our ‘offline’ lives. His work used to be all about efficiency, and getting to where you want to go as quickly as possible. But a personal experience changed all that.
• Activities guide you through the TED Talk leading you
Now he is interested in enjoying the journey, not just the quickest route between two places. He and his team crowdsource their research: they get members of the public to play an online game. Players choose between pairs of photos of urban scenes. Daniele has used the information from the game to design a mapping app that shows the happy path to your destination.
to the satisfaction of having understood real English in an up-to-date context
Daniele’s idea worth spreading is that the fastest route may be efficient, but there are times when taking a different route can be more interesting and memorable.
AUTHENTIC LISTENING SKILLS
WATCH THE TALK
Understanding accents
6
What do you usually see on your journey to school? What can you hear? What can you smell?
1 Daniele’s London map shows routes that are short, happy, beautiful and quiet. Which kind of route would you prefer to use to get around your city? Why?
7
Watch Part 1 of the talk. Answer the questions.
2 Why might these people be interested in using this kind of mapping app? Give reasons for each one.
When you travel abroad or listen to people on TV and the internet, you will hear foreign and regional accents in English. It’s helpful to practise listening to different accents so you can enjoy listening to people from all over the world. 3
KEY WORDS Match the words in bold in the text to the meanings.
MY PERSPECTIVE
a ___________ = places in cities and towns
5
b ___________ = the ability to use time and energy well to get a job done c ___________ = the way from one place to another d ___________ = get information from many people, usually using the Internet e ___________ = software that shows maps
3 Would you like to have this mapping app on your smartphone? Why?/Why not?
3 What does Daniele say about mapping apps? A They encourage people to explore more. B They give too many choices about the route. C They are very similar to computer games.
1.13 How do you say these sentences? Listen to
8
Which of these statements do you agree with? Why? 1 Learners should always try to sound like native speakers of English. 2 Sometimes it’s easier to understand other non-native speakers of English than native speakers. 3 Your foreign accent in English is an important part of your identity, so be proud of it.
Work in groups. Discuss the questions.
• a tourist spending a week in a new city • a courier who delivers letters and parcels quickly for companies by bicycle • a student • a taxi driver
2 How was the new route different from the old one? A It went along Massachusetts Avenue. B It had less traffic. C It was shorter and quicker.
Daniele and a native speaker to compare. 1 I lived in Boston and worked in Cambridge. 2 I teamed up with Luca and Rossano. 3 They also recalled how some paths smelled and sounded.
> World Map, p. 182 2
1 What journey helped Daniele see that travel isn’t just about efficiency? A Moving from Boston to Barcelona. B A bicycle race he took part in. C His commute to work.
1.12 Listen to the beginning of the TED Talk,
first said by a native English speaker and then by Daniele Quercia, a native Italian speaker. Compare the pronunciation of the underlined sounds. I have a confession to make. As a scientist and engineer, I’ve focused on efficiency for many years. 4
9
CHALLENGE Work in pairs. Look at a map of your town, or a city that you know well. Plan two one-hour walking routes for the city.
Watch Part 2. Choose the correct option. 1 Daniele studied how people experience / get around the city. 2 The red path on the map is the shortest / most enjoyable one. 3 They collected data by asking people to play a game / take a test. 4 The first map that they designed was of Boston / London. 5 Now, their research is in developing maps based on smell, sound and memories / sights. 6 Their goal is to encourage people to take the best path / many paths through the city.
• Route 1. This must include as many beautiful sights and interesting places as possible. • Route 2. This must include the places most likely to interest teenagers who are visiting the city. Work in groups. Compare your routes and discuss the questions. • Which of the tours would you enjoy most if you were a tourist? Why? • What other types of (guided) tours could you offer in the town or city?
32 Units 1&2 TED Talks
FUTURE PERSPECTIVES
WASTING LESS FOOD
want to already have a plan for what you both exciting and scary. You could want to Thinking about your future can be know this far in advance what you’ll might feel that it’s impossible to and to give do when you leave school or you who you are and what you’re like, help you to start thinking about do. These pages are designed to some ideas about future options.
A BIGGER PERSPECTIVE 6 THINKING ROUTINE Think about these questions. Then pair with a partner and share your ideas. What ideas do you
have in common?
1 What happens to food left over after a meal at your house? 2 What do you think happens to leftover food at a restaurant at the end of a day? 3 How much food do you think the world wastes? 4 What are the consequences of this for our families? A business? The world?
1
3
THINKING ROUTINE Look at the photos.
See 1 What ingredients/food can you see? Think 2 Where do you think these dishes come from? Who do you think made them? Wonder 3 What questions have you got about the ingredients or origin of the dishes?
Watch again and match the sentences to the correct endings. 1 The area of Peckham offers 2 Jennifer and her husband have got 3 Jennifer is proud that she makes 4 Their business has customers of 5 Sally and her husband have got 6 Sally believes that sharing a meal is 7 Sally’s food has a mix of 8 Two important ingredients for good food are a b c d e f g h
VIEW 2
Now watch a video about two food businesses in Peckham, South London. Tick (✓) which regions, countries or nationalities you hear.
flavours from different cuisines. home-cooked food. multicultural food experiences. a Middle Eastern shop and café. culture and good friends. a West Indian takeaway. an important moment for a family. many different nationalities.
REFLECT 4
Middle East
Iran
West Indies
USA
Far East
Chinese
West Africa
Puerto Rican
Morocco
French
Egypt
Indian
33
Career advice
3&4 Citizenship
PREVIEW
Units 1&2 TED Talks
Answer these questions and then compare your answers with a partner. 1 What kind of restaurants and takeaways are the most popular in your area? 2 Are they small, family-run places or national/ international chain restaurants? 3 How many restaurants serving food from different countries are there in your area? 4 Do you often go there with friends or family? 5 What are the ingredients of a good meal for you?
5
DEBATE Have a class debate on this statement. Half of the students should be in favour and half against. Use the ideas below to help you.
You should always try the local food when you visit a new place. allergies fussy eaters have an open mind new ingredients and flavours reflection of the culture worried about getting ill
7
1
Look at this quotation from Steve small groups.
“
Read the information in the 2030 Agenda box. Which two goals deal with the problem of world hunger? How are these two goals interconnected?
If
The eradication of world hunger and achieving food security is what Sustainable Development Goal 2 is all about. However, we also have to consider Goal 12 – responsible consumption and production – when discussing how to achieve this result. 30% of our global food is lost or wasted, for example during transport, storage or in supermarkets, restaurants and homes.
Food for Soul and the refettori. Then prepare a short oral report to give to the rest of the class. Use these questions to help you. • When did the Refettorio Ambrosiano open? • What cities in the world have refettori? • As well as reducing food waste, what other benefits do they have?
We are 8 billion people on earth. We produce enough food for 12 billion people. Yet 820 million people don’t have anything to eat. It’s criminal. Nearly a billion tons of food goes to landfill every year, and food waste is responsible for some 10% of global greenhouse-gas emissions.
”
9 MEDIATING CONCEPTS Work in small groups. Half of the group should think about what restaurants can do to reduce
food waste, the other half should consider what we can do at home. Use these ideas to help. Then, join back as a group to discuss which things you think are the most important and useful to do. donate food learn recipes for leftovers
make shopping lists
prepare meal plans
reduce prices
use food waste apps
OUR PERSPECTIVE 10 CREATIVE COMPETENCES Work in groups to prepare a poster/short slide presentation to show how you feel about the
issue of food waste and its connection with world hunger. Show it to the rest of the class and explain your concepts.
62 Units 3&4 Citizenship
• CITIZENSHIP Two pages dedicated to a detailed study of civic education themes starting from authentic videos and fostering critical thinking and debate skills
of Apple™, and discuss the questions
in
”
1 Do you agree with the statement? most of us? 2 How possible is this to achieve for people compromise over? 3 What aspects of a job or career might
8 DIGITAL COMPETENCES Work in pairs. Do some research to find out more about Chef Massimo Bottura, his organisation
“
Jobs, inventor, investor and co-founder
is to love what you do. The only way to do great work Don’t settle. you haven’t found it yet, keep looking.
situations. our lives – family, social and work st skills, are essential in all aspects of as they want the relevant Life skills, also called 21 century and possess these skills, just as much competences Employers want people that understand interlinked with each other, and experience. These skills are often academic qualifications or work too. in one area are useful for other areas 2
(A–F). Match the skills in the box to the definitions s n problem-solving self-awarenes decision-making effective communicatio creative thinking critical thinking box but being able to think outside the ____________________ A This isn’t just about being artistic, perspective to come up with new ideas. and to look at things from a different a define to skills and understanding ____________________ B This is about using your knowledge, one. and to implement the most suitable situation, think of alternative solutions help improve your actions and your emotions. It can ____________________ C This is the ability to focus on yourself, perspectives. understand situations from different your confidence and your ability to verbal, and persuade other people through ____________________ D This skill helps you to inform, motivate part. an active listener is also an essential written and non-verbal means. Being consider to need You evaluation and analysis. ____________________ E This requires reflective thought, organisation, opinion. make hypothesis in order to form an future consequences, compare and make based you choice the in determination F This skill requires confidence and you have, and it is an important ____________________ on the information, research and experience part of being a leader. your family or skills, for example at school, with situation when you used each of these feel about your abilities 3 THINKING ROUTINE Think of a 0-5 for how confident you generally from skill each mark Then friends, doing a sport or hobby. confident). selfin each one (0 = not at all, 5 = extremely Do you agree with your partner’s examples. Do you have any in common? least? the / most Pair with a partner and share your the possesses do you think your partner evaluation of their skills? Which one(s) decision-making critical thinking creative thinking s self-awarenes problem-solving effective communication Career advice
Units 3&4 Citizenship
155
63
• CAREER ADVICE Useful hints and tips to help you choose your future studies and career consciously through activities which foster self-awereness
ONLINE RESOURCES AT WWW.GRUPPOELI.IT 7
1 In touch with
your feelings
“
Colours, like features, follow the changes of the emotions.
Pablo Picasso (Spanish Artist)
”
CLASS DISCUSSION • Do you have a favourite colour? • Do you think it can affect how you feel? • Why do we associate certain colours with certain feelings and emotions?
IN THIS UNIT YOU WILL
8
Ø talk about emotions Ø read about smiles
Ø discover the benefits of outdoor life Ø write a book or film review
VOCABULARY Describing emotions 1
VISIBLE THINKING Look at the photo.
See 1 What are the people doing? What do they look like? How are they feeling? Think 2 What do you think their relationship is? Wonder 3 What would you like to know about when/why/where the photo was taken? 2
Match the sentences (1–9) to the follow-up comments (a–i). 1 I sometimes get scared when I’m at home on my own. 2 You must be delighted – that’s great news! 3 I’m feeling more relaxed now that it’s Saturday. 4 I got a bit confused at the start of the film. 5 My brother isn’t normally this nervous. 6 Travelling to school on your own can be quite lonely. 7 My parents started to dance. I was so embarrassed! 8 At the moment I’m feeling quite stressed. 9 Please don’t be angry with me. a b c d e f g h i
But it was great to see them having fun. It’s been a very busy week, so it’s nice to have some time off. I’ve got so much work to do. I was only trying to help. If it’s the evening I put all the lights on and stay downstairs. He’s doing a presentation in class this afternoon. I understood most of it, though. But I usually use that time on the bus to finish my homework. When did they tell you you’re in the team?
Remember!
Many adjectives are followed by specific (‘dependent’) prepositions. When you learn a new adjective you should also try to remember the preposition(s) that can follow it. In a monolingual dictionary you can find examples of sentences using the adjective and its prepostion(s).
3
Complete the questions with an adjective in bold from Ex. 2. 1 Have you ever been really with your exam results? of anything, like spiders, for example? 2 Are you if you cry in public? 3 Do you get when you are with lots of people? 4 Is it possible to feel before going to the dentist or speaking in class? 5 Do you get , what do you do to relax? 6 When you’re feeling about the meaning of any new words today? 7 Are you ? 8 If someone is late, do you feel ? 9 Does reading make you feel
MY PERSPECTIVE 4 EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE Work in pairs. Ask and answer some of the
Two friends smiling and hugging each other.
questions in Ex. 3. Expand your answers and say how you cope with your emotions in the different situations.
A Are you scared of anything, like spiders, for example? B Yes, I am. Actually, I don’t mind spiders, but I really hate wasps. A How do you feel if you see one? What do you do? Unit 1 In touch with your feelings
9
1A What happened? BEFORE YOU LISTEN VISIBLE THINKING Work in pairs. Look at the photo and
1
1.01 P Listen again and complete the notes about
the explorers.
discuss.
Matthew Luskin
1 What do you know about tigers? 2 How would you feel if you saw a tiger in the wild?
• worries that (1) will become extinct. • spent time photographing places where the animals . (2) • says that some men hid in a tree for (3) days. that he couldn’t sleep. • felt so (4) • helped National Park rangers to know which forests to . (5)
LISTENING 2
3
1.01 Listen to two National Geographic explorers, Matthew Luskin (a) and William Allard (b), describing their work. Which explorer, a or b, … 1 started this job fifty years ago? __ 2 spent a year in a rainforest? __ 3 felt scared while he was working? __ 4 took a photo that helped someone? __ 5 had to make some maps? __
LISTENING STRATEGIES Multiple matching When you listen and match (like in Ex. 2): • read the sentences or questions first • listen carefully for things that express the same idea in a different way (for example, I started … 50 years ago = I’ve been a … for 50 years) • don’t choose your answers too quickly: wait until each speaker has finished before deciding.
Tigers live in Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Nepal, Russia and Thailand. > World Map, p. 182
10 Unit 1 In touch with your feelings
William Albert Allard • was in Peru in (6) . . • says a driver hit and killed a boy’s (7) • says the boy was worried about what his would say. (8) of the boy. • took a (9) • says that readers of National Geographic donated to help the boy’s family. (10) $
4
Read the questions in Ex. 2 again. They are in the Past simple, but they don’t use the auxiliary (did). Why not? Study the grammar box and underline three subject questions.
6
Alice I’m feeling a bit bored. (1) _______________ to do an online quiz with me? I’ve found loads here. General knowledge? History? Science? Music? Brad I’m not fussed. Alice OK. Let’s do Science. (2) _______________ the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1962? Brad Who knows? Can’t we do something easier? Alice Well, what about animals? (3) _______________ tigers live? Brad That’s easy. India. Alice Hmmm, OK, that’s one of the countries. (4) _______________ the fastest on land? Brad Oh. The tiger again? No, er, I give up. Isn’t there something a bit more light-hearted? Alice There’s ‘How well (5) _______________ your best friend?’ We both have to answer and then it compares the results at the end. Brad Yeah, that sounds more fun! Alice What type of (6) _______________ the most on my playlists? What animal (7) _______________ me the most? (8) _______________ me a smart speaker for my birthday last year? Brad Hold on! You’re making me nervous. Give me a chance to Talk the talk I’m not fussed. answer!
Subject & object questions ‘How many readers donated money?’ ‘A lot.’ ‘What did the readers donate?’ ‘Money.’ ‘Who worries about tigers?’ ‘Matthew Luskin.’ ‘What does Matthew Luskin worry about?’ ‘Tigers.’ ‘What killed the boy’s sheep in Peru?’ ‘A car.’ ‘What did the driver do?’ ‘He killed the boy’s sheep.’ > Grammar reference & practice p. 254 5
Write a subject question (A) and an object question (B) for each answer. Use the Present or Past simple. 1 A Who studied tigers in Indonesia? B What did Matthew Luskin study in Indonesia? Matthew Luskin studied tigers in Indonesia. 2 A Who ____________________________? B Why ____________________________? A man died because of a tiger attack. 3 A Who ____________________________? B What ____________________________? The National Park rangers try to protect tigers. 4 A Who _____________________ the boy? B Who did ____________________________? William Allard saw the boy on a road in Peru. 5 A What ____________________________? B How ____________________________? Some sheep died in a car accident.
1.02 Read the dialogue and guess some of Alice’s questions. Then listen and check. Which are subject questions?
WRITING & SPEAKING 7
Who knows? I give up. Hold on!
Work in pairs. Write six questions on a topic of your choice (music, animals, famous people, sport, ...). Use a mix of subject and object questions. Then do your quiz with the class. A Our quiz is on music. Who wrote the song ‘Shallow’? B I have no idea. A What album did Måneskin release in 2023? B That one’s easy!
PRONUNCIATION /ɒ/,/ʌ/,/əʊ/
Unit 1 In touch with your feelings
11
1B Fake it until you feel it
a
Why do people smile? ‘Say cheese!’
In English-speaking countries, this is what you say to people to make them smile before you take their photo. ‘Service with a smile’ is a common message for shop assistants and receptionists. Workers in call centres are even told to smile so they sound friendly when they speak to customers on the phone! The idea is that callers will notice if the phone operators aren’t smiling. But why should we want people to smile?
5
We’ve always known that smiling can express enjoyment, affection or friendliness, but we’re learning more and more about facial expressions, and realising that their effect on our relationships is more powerful than that. We know that smiling helps us
10
WORD BUILDING Suffixes: -ment, -ness, -ion We can make nouns from adjectives by adding suffixes. adjective suffix noun embarrassed + ment embarrassment friendly + ness friendliness depressed + ion depression 1
Read the Word Building box and make nouns from these adjectives. Use a dictionary if necessary. 1 nervous ________ 5 2 sad ________ 6 3 excited ________ 7 4 disappointed __________ 8
2
happy ________ exhausted ________ confused ________ lonely ________
Complete the sentences with a noun or an adjective from Ex. 1. 1 Many people say that money can’t buy , but I think it helps. at summer camp. It was my 2 I felt quite first time away from home and I didn’t know anyone. 3 I had to sing on my own in the show. I felt so that I couldn’t sleep. 4 Simon worked hard at his exams. He didn’t want to be to his parents. a in the class. The 5 There was a lot of teacher said the school trip was on Wednesday but the email said Thursday.
12 Unit 1 In touch with your feelings
connect with other people in social situations and get out of arguments and embarrassing situations. We know from studies that smiling regularly may even increase the chances of living longer. In fact, it’s such an important part of being human that we start it very 20 young. 15
You probably started smiling to show your happiness when you were just a few weeks old, but you’ve known how to smile for even longer. Unborn babies get used to moving their facial muscles by smiling, 25 in the same way they practise kicking using their leg muscles. And we aren’t the only animals that smile to communicate happiness – chimpanzees do it, too, suggesting that smiling existed before we did!
READING 3
Work in groups. Discuss the questions. 1 Do you think smiling really is a good way to feel better? 2 Who do you think smiles more, younger or older people, women or men? Why? 3 What kind of things make you smile?
4
Read the article quickly. Choose the best subtitle. 1 How our bodies affect our emotions 2 The secret power of smiling 3 Smiling expresses many emotions
5
1.03 Now read and listen to the article more carefully. Are the sentences true (T) or false (F)?
1 Some workers are taught to smile when they speak to people who can’t see them. 2 People who smile a lot might live longer than others. 3 Other animals smile for the same reasons as humans. 4 You could stop a disagreement by smiling. 5 Eating chocolate has a more powerful effect on our emotions than smiling. 6 The writer of the article thinks that it’s wrong to smile if we do not feel happy.
c
b
Have you ever been in this situation: you are angry with a friend but you can’t stay angry because they’re smiling at you? This is because smiles pass from person to person, and it’s hard not to smile back. We actually lose some control of our own facial muscles when we look at someone smiling at us. When this happens, 35 we automatically copy their expression, and smiling like them may actually help us understand their emotions better. 30
Being happy makes us smile, of course. But smiling also makes us happy. Scientists can take pictures 40 of the brain to see what happens when a person is happy. They see the same effect when the person
6 VISIBLE THINKING Work in pairs. Discuss the questions.
1 Look at the pairs of photos (a–c). Which smiles do you think are genuine? Which smiles do you think are fake? 2 In what type of situation do people pretend to smile? 3 Are you good at recognizing genuine and fake smiles?
CRITICAL THINKING Rhetorical questions Rhetorical questions are used to make a point, but a reply is not expected. They are often used to: • tell readers what information they can expect to read • emphasize a point • make a suggestion • persuade • help readers relate the text to their own experience. 7
Competences Work in pairs. Read the Critical Thinking box and discuss the questions. 1 Look at the title of the article and list all the reasons the writer gives for why people smile. 2 Why is it a good idea to have a question as a title? 3 There are three more questions in the article. Underline them. Match the questions to three of the functions in the Critical Thinking box. 4 Write a question to include in the article for one of the other two functions.
smiles, whether they’re really happy or not. So a smile isn’t just a sign to others; it is also a message to our brain telling it to feel happy. One study showed 45 that a smile can have the same positive effect on the brain as eating 2,000 bars of chocolate! So, even if you’re feeling depressed, a fake smile can make all the difference. If you know someone who’s always smiling, perhaps they’re using it to control their 50 emotions. Why not control your emotions the same way? If you sometimes feel sad, worried or angry, try smiling. You might feel better.
8
Read about the ‘Pan Am smile’. Then look at the photos again. Can you find the fake smiles more easily? What is the Pan Am smile? The ‘Pan Am smile’ is named after the flight attendants with Pan Am, a former American airline. They were famous for their friendly customer service and for always smiling at the passengers. Everyone knew that these smiles weren’t genuine, but they were an expression of friendliness and had a positive effect on the passengers. We all use Pan Am smiles because there are many situations where showing unhappiness would be rude. Smiling has the important social function of keeping people happy. But how can you tell the difference between a genuine smile and a fake smile? In the nineteenth century, French scientist Guillaume Duchenne noticed that we use two sets of facial muscles to smile: the muscles around the mouth and those around the eyes. Pan Am smiles only use the mouth, so the secret to spot the fake ones is to look at the eyes.
Unit 1 In touch with your feelings
13
1C A breath of fresh air GRAMMAR Talking about the present 1
Study the grammar box and match each example (a–g) to a rule below.
Talking about the present
VIDEO MAP
a We’ve always known that smiling is good for you. b People are expressing their emotions more freely than in the past. c Most people believe that emotions are important. d Research shows that animals express emotions too. e Are you smiling at the moment? f Jim’s always laughing at people, but not in a nice way. g My friend Carl often tells us jokes during the break. 1 We use the Present simple: • to describe habits and routines, often with adverbs of frequency like sometimes, usually. Example __ • to express things that are always or generally true, like scientific facts. Example __ • with stative verbs like enjoy, believe, know, agree. Example __ 2 We use the Present continuous: • to talk about actions happening in this period or at the time of speaking. Example __ • to talk about situation that are changing. Example __ • with always, to express a frequent activity that other people may find irritating. Example __ 3 We use the Present perfect: • to describe actions that started in the past and continue to the present. Example __ > Grammar reference & practice p. 254 2
Choose the correct option to complete the text. Beating the stress (1) Are you feeling / Have you felt stressed at the moment? Perhaps it’s because you (2) are always sitting / have always sat in front of a computer screen these days. So what should you do? You could be the sort of person who (3) is usually reading / usually reads a book, for instance, or (4) plays / has played video games for relaxation. Or perhaps you (5) are believing / believe that the answer to everyday stress is more time outside, surrounded by nature. (6) Are you enjoying / Do you enjoy getting away from cities, cars and computers and heading into the mountains? Well, it’s true that we (7) need / are needing time off work to relax, though it (8) becomes / is becoming more and more difficult to get away. But people (9) enjoy / have enjoyed forests, parks, lakes and rivers for thousands of years, so if life (10) becomes / has become too much to cope with recently, think about taking a break in the countryside or a walk in the park, even if it’s just for an hour or two.
14 Unit 1 In touch with your feelings
3
Read about the effect nature can have on our brains. Complete the text with the best form of the verbs: Present simple, Present continuous or Present perfect. (take) a break A group of 22 students (1) from their everyday lives at the University of Utah at the (sit) in front moment. Normally, they (2) of their computer screens studying psychology, but this (camp) with Professor David week they (3) Streyer in the mountains of Utah. Streyer (4) (spend) many years studying the effect of nature on our brains. (know) about the benefits of nature We (5) on the body for many years, but now we can see what (do) to the brain. Our stress levels nature (6) (drop) just by looking at photos of (7) (think) scenes from nature. Many people (8) (destroy) that little by little, technology (9) (believe) that after our lives, but Streyer (10) just two or three days away from modern life, we can start to think differently and more healthily.
4
Read about healing forests in South Korea. A verb form is wrong in each sentence. Identify and correct it. 1 Nature is being very important in Korean culture for hundreds of years. 2 But Koreans work very long hours, and stress levels among workers and students go up in recent years. 3 The government has believed that the answer can be found in ‘healing forests’: places of natural beauty where people go to relax, to reconnect with nature and to rest. 4 Currently there have been 37 healing forests in Korea, and they are becoming very popular. 5 People are often going there to walk, learn about plants, do yoga or just relax under the trees.
SPEAKING 5
Work in groups. Discuss the questions. 1 What are the advantages of doing outdoor activities? 2 What outdoor activities are popular with young people at the moment? Which do you do? 3 What other activities can you think of to beat stress?
COLLABORATION 6
Competences Work in small groups. You are going to design a leaflet for an outdoor activity centre in your area/country. First, discuss ideas using these questions to help you. • • • • • • • •
What type of activity centre is it? Where is it located? Who is it aimed at? What kind of activities are there? What can people do/learn/see there? What facilities are there? How long has it been open? Is there an entrance fee or is it free of charge?
Now you are ready to design your leaflet. You should include: • some photos or pictures • some text to describe the centre and activities • some useful information such as the address, website, cost, opening times etc.
READING & WRITING STRATEGIES Error correction Error correction (see Ex. 4) helps you be more autonomous and have better awareness of the language. The type of error is usually indicated so it is easier to focus on what the mistake might be. For example, with tenses you can look for key words or time expressions that give you clues to the correct verb form. You can also learn from your own mistakes. When your teacher corrects your work, note the mistakes you make most often, then pay particular attention to those areas next time you write.
Unit 1 In touch with your feelings
15
1D Would you recommend it? SPEAKING & LISTENING Talking about TV series and films 1
Work in pairs. Discuss the questions.
2
Complete the sentences about films and TV series with the words in the box.
1 Do you prefer watching films or TV series?
cast
2 How do you usually watch them? On TV? With a streaming service? At the cinema?
1 I don’t think anyone could survive in space for that long, but the ___________ were amazing! 2 The first film was so frightening, there’s no way I’m going to watch the ___________. 3 It has a great ___________ but some of the actors can’t sing very well. 4 It’s an emotional story with an exceptional ___________: Tom Hanks and Matt Damon are in it. 5 It’s got a really exciting ___________. The ending was a complete surprise! 6 There were one or two ___________ that were so funny that I cried with laughter.
3 Do you prefer watching programmes on your own, with friends, or with your family?
Functions
3
Who’s in it?
b
What else has he/she been in?
c
What’s the acting like?
d
When did it come out?
e
So what’s it about?
f
What sort of film/movie is it?
g
Who directed it?
h
Where is it set?
i
Would you recommend it?
Behind the scenes shot of a movie set on Mars. 16 Unit 1 In touch with your feelings
scenes
sequel
soundtrack
special effects
1.04 Listen to three friends talking about different TV series. Match each
person to their favourite one.
Asking follow-up questions a
plot
1 Sally 2 Jack 3 Emma 4
a b c
Wednesday The Big Bang Theory Stranger Things
1.04 Listen again and decide if these sentences are true (T) or false (F).
1 Emma loves science fiction. 2 Sally doesn’t know anything about the series Wednesday. 3 Jack tells Sally what the series is about. 4 Jack recommends watching Wednesday. 5 Emma watches more films than TV series. 6 Emma usually binge watches her favourite TV series. 5
Work in pairs. Ask each other about your favourite TV series and films. Use the follow-up questions in the Functions box to find out more details.
WRITING A book or film review 6
How do you get recommendations for new films/TV series to watch or books to read?
7
Put the book review in order and match each paragraph to the description. introductory sentences that give basic information about the book a short description of the plot the writer’s opinion and emotional response to it a sentence that tells the reader to read it (or not)
A
I would certainly recommend Dear Martin. What makes it really worth reading is how it deals with a difficult topic like racism but with an interesting storyline.
B
Dear Martin is the first novel by American author Nic Stone and it was published in 2017. The main character is an African American teenager called Justyce McAllister who goes to a predominantly white High School in Atlanta.
C
The thing I really loved was the relationship between Justyce and his friend Manny. It shows what teen friendships are like. But what really made me think was that this is the daily reality for so many people. The fact that Justyce is the same age as me made it even more real.
D
Justyce is a good student, one of the best in the school, and destined for an elite university like Yale. However, because of the colour of his skin, he is harassed by his schoolmates, racially abused and also put in handcuffs by the police. He starts to write letters to Martin Luther King, and tries to imagine King’s thoughts and reactions to the situation.
8
Competences Do the Writing Strategies tasks on the right. Then complete these sentences about a film or book that you know well. 1 One thing that I loved was… 2 What I found disappointing was… 3 What made me really think was…
Useful Language Talking about films and books It stars … It’s set in … It tells the story of … / It’s about … It was directed by … It was released in … It came out in … It was published in … The main character is … The soundtrack was amazing. The special effects were a bit disappointing. The sequel is even better/not as good. It’s a moving/inspiring/great/ exciting/funny story. I’d definitely recommend it. I couldn’t put it down. It made me feel … Unfortunately, I thought it was … WRITING STRATEGIES Emphasis a Read the sentences. Which sentence emphasises the way the person feels about the plot more? 1 I really loved the plot. 2 What I really loved was the plot. b Find three sentences in the review that add emphasis.
9 MEDIATION Choose a film/TV series or book that you know and write a review. Use the points in Ex. 7 to help you
structure your review, and include some expressions from the Useful Language box.
10 Read other students’ reviews. Which books or films would you like to read/see?
Unit 1 In touch with your feelings
17
2 Enjoy the ride
“
A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. Lao Tzu (Ancient Chinese philosopher)
”
CLASS DISCUSSION • What do you think this proverb means? • Do you agree that sometimes it is difficult to start something new and to stick at it? • How can travel help you grow as a person?
IN THIS UNIT YOU WILL
18
Ø talk about getting around Ø read about an unusual hobby
Ø learn about how to live and travel cheaply Ø write a story about a journey you have made
VOCABULARY Travel VISIBLE THINKING Look at the photo.
1
See 1 What can you see? What are the people doing? Think 2 Where do you think they are going? How might they be feeling? Wonder 3 What questions have you got about the people or place? 2
Discuss the questions in pairs. 1 How many different ways of getting around can you think of? Make a list. on horseback, go on your skateboard, take the bus 2 Look at your list. Which form of transport: • is the cheapest? • is the fastest? • is the most relaxing? • is the most stressful? • lets you see the most?
3
Complete the sentences with the pairs of words in the box. cruise + excursion commute + lift expedition + voyage flight + destination ride + route trip + backpacking 1 My mum and dad to work by car, so they normally give me a to school. number. It’s flying to the same 2 RY5608 – that isn’t our but it’s a different airline. stayed on the ship, but we went on 3 Some passengers on the that they organized around the old port. the ! I’m glad we were and 4 We had an amazing didn’t stay in a hotel. We saw more of the country that way. yesterday, I took a different 5 When I went for a bike – I get bored going the same way all the time. to the Antarctic lasted a year. After a difficult month-long 6 The , the scientists started their research. sea
4
Delete the item in each list that does not collocate with the verb(s). 1 catch/miss 2 get 3 get on/off 4 get to know 5 get to 6 go for 7 go on 8 take
A group of horse trekkers at sunrise in Whanganui National Park, New Zealand.
my bus, my train, my car home, lost, school, from A to B the bus, the car, the train, the plane the city, your way around, a trip work, home, school a trip, a bike ride, a drive a flight, a journey, a travel, a trip, an expedition, a cruise a taxi, an hour, two kilometres, public transport
Go online and find out the difference in meaning between travel, trip and journey. Then discuss with the class. • Which website did you use? • Was the explanation in English or in your own language? • Did you find examples of the words in a context? > World Map, p. 182
5
Complete the sentences so they are true for you. 1 The best way for visitors to get to know my city is by… 2 If I take public transport, I prefer to travel by… because… 3 The last long journey I went on was to… 4 If I could take a flight anywhere, I’d choose… as my destination. Unit 2 Enjoy the ride
19
2A Getting from A to B BEFORE YOU LISTEN
3
Answer the questions in pairs. 1 What’s the most common way for students to travel to your school? 2 How long is the average journey? 3 Do you think it’s the same for students in the rest of the country?
1
1 travels the furthest? 2 doesn’t take long to get to school? 3 stays at school for a long time? 4 gets up early to get to school on time? 5 has a dangerous journey? 6 will have an easier journey to school soon?
GRAMMAR Adjectives ending in -ed and -ing
LISTENING 2
1.05 Listen to descriptions of three journeys to
4
school. Complete the table. Name
1.05 Listen again. Who (Santiago, Chosing or Daisy):
Where they live
How they travel
Time / distance they travel
What they do on the way
Adjectives ending in -ed / -ing a You might think your journey to school takes ages, but Santiago Muñoz has one of the most tiring school commutes in the world … He’s excited about having more time to spend with friends and getting more sleep!
1 Santiago Muñoz 2 Chosing Leh, in the Himalayas
b They don’t talk much, but it is never boring. It takes them six days and at the end they are exhausted.
3 Daisy Mora
c For some students living along the Rio Negro, their journey to school is absolutely terrifying ... If Daisy is frightened, she doesn’t show it!
LISTENING STRATEGIES Completing tables When you have to listen and fill in a table: • study the table first. This way you can often guess the kind of information that is needed, for example, a date, a price, or a method of transport. • don’t write full sentences: one or two words are usually enough.
Study the grammar box and underline the six adjectives. Which three adjectives describe the journeys? Which three describe how the people feel?
5
Choose the correct option to complete the rules. Some adjectives are made from verbs. 1 Adjectives that describe how a person feels end in -ing / -ed. 2 Adjectives that describe the thing that makes you feel an emotion end in -ing / -ed.
> Grammar reference & practice p. 256 Santiago (Ex. 2) has to cross most of his city to get to school every day. > World Map, p. 182
20 Unit 2 Enjoy the ride
6
Match the -ed adjectives (1–10) to their meanings (a–j). Then complete the -ing adjectives. -ed adjective 1 amazed 2 exhausted 3 annoyed 4 disappointed 5 excited 6 shocked 7 worried 8 confused 9 amused 10 relaxed
meaning e
-ing adjective amazing
a surprised if something bad happens suddenly b irritated and a little angry about something c unhappy because something was not as good as you hoped or because something did not happen d thinking about bad things that might happen e very surprised f feeling happy and comfortable, without worries g unable to think clearly about or understand something h very tired i feeling very happy and enthusiastic j when something is funny or entertaining
Go on the website of your local transport system and find an alternative route from your house to your school. How many times do you have to change transport?
SPEAKING 7
Choose the correct option. Then work in pairs and tell your partner about experiences you have had using some of the situations (1–8). 1 a destination you were looking forward to seeing but you found a bit disappointed / disappointing when you got there I was excited about a school trip to the History Museum, but it was really boring. Everyone was really disappointed. 2 a time when you were surprised / surprising by a destination or trip 3 a day when you did so much walking that you were absolutely exhausted / exhausting at the end 4 the longest and most bored / boring journey you’ve ever been on 5 a journey when you were very worried / worrying that you wouldn’t get to the destination 6 an annoyed / annoying delay on public transport that you really didn’t need 7 the most relaxed / relaxing form of transport or journey you’ve experienced 8 an expedition that you’d be very excited / exciting to go on
8 EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE Work in groups. Share your
stories from Ex. 7. Whose experiences have been the most: • exciting? • boring? • annoying? • surprising? • disappointing?
Unit 2 Enjoy the ride
21
2B Urban explorers
URBEXERS
LIFE ON THE EDGE OF THE CITY
WORD BUILDING Compound nouns Compound nouns consist of more than one word. They can be formed by using noun + noun, adjective + noun, or verb + noun. They can be written as one word or two words with a space or a hyphen. You should use a dictionary to check the correct spelling. 1
Match words in column A to words in column B and make compound nouns related to cities. 1 2 3 4 5 6
A sight a walking an underground a shopping a building public
a b c d e f
7 8 9 10 11 12
urban railway a sky a roof an amusement a view
g h i j k l
22 Unit 2 Enjoy the ride
B site station transport seeing centre tour tracks top park exploration scraper point
An urban explorer in a dark and creepy old abandoned subway station.
2
1.06 Listen and check your answers to Ex. 1. Which word is usually stressed in compound nouns: the first or the second?
3
Which of the compound nouns in Ex. 1 are: 1 things visitors might do, use or visit? 2 buildings? 3 places the public don’t normally go?
READING 4
You are going to read an article about urban explorers (urbexers). Write three questions about urbexers you would like to know the answers to. Then read the article to check if your questions are answered.
5
1.07 P Read and listen to the article again. Choose
the correct option.
1 Why does the article begin by talking about options for tourists? A They are good examples of urban exploration. B They are very different from the activities that urban explorers do. C The writer wants to recommend some ways of exploring cities. D The writer wants to criticise how tourists visit a city.
5
How do you get to know a city you’ve never been to before? For most people, the typical tourist options are enough. Take a bus tour to see the sights or, if you’re feeling energetic, consider a walking tour. To get a taste of city life, use public transport.
But there are people who want more than the standard tourist options. They are urbexers – urban explorers. They’re interested in discovering parts of the city we normally see as less beautiful, the places 10 tourists are not supposed to see: ghost underground stations that have been closed for years, shopping centres and amusement parks at night, abandoned factories, building sites, tunnels and railway tracks. It’s not for everybody. You can’t be scared of heights or 15 small spaces and you have to be willing to take risks. Bradley Garrett is one of them. Urbexers don’t follow the same routes as everyone else: ‘I’ve been to Paris six times and I’ve seen more of the city underground than I have above ground,’ he says. ‘If somebody 20 asked me for a good restaurant, I’d have no idea.’ It wasn’t until Bradley and his urbexer friends had climbed to the top of London’s tallest skyscraper, The Shard, and had managed to visit all of the city’s fourteen abandoned underground stations that the 25 police stopped them exploring as a group. Bradley was studying urbexers for a book he was writing when they were stopped.
Bradley’s best experience as an urbexer was in Chicago with friends when they climbed the Legacy 30 Tower, a 72-storey skyscraper. ‘We were sitting on a rooftop looking up at this building when someone suggested we try to get up it. So we walked in and just got in the lift after some residents had opened the door. When we made it up to the roof, it was 35 the most incredible view I’ve ever seen.’ Why do urbexers do it? Many enjoy the excitement of putting themselves in danger. Some enjoy the feeling they get from being alone in abandoned places. ‘I feel I’m the only person in the world,’ says 40 Zhao Yang, a Chinese 29-year-old who explores places where people used to work, like old industrial sites and abandoned hospitals. Like many urbexers, Zhao is a keen photographer who takes his smartphone to record what he sees and, like many, 45 he also writes a blog about his experiences, but he prefers to explore alone. This can be dangerous, of course, and urbexers run many risks and often break the law. So if you’re interested in exploring city spaces, choose a safe way 50 of doing it. For example, it’s easy to look at a map, identify an area that is new to you and go there. Another way is to try to get lost in your own town. Or you could just set off for a walk without planning your route. Who knows what you might find! > World Map, p. 182
2 The places that urban explorers visit are A always underground. B not used any more. C not usually attractive to many people. D always in industrial areas. 3 Bradley Garrett A knows Paris very well. B doesn’t like high places. C doesn’t like French food. D wouldn’t be a very good guide for traditional tourists.
CRITICAL THINKING Selecting information If they are writing about something that is unfamiliar to a lot of people, writers have to think about the kind of information that will interest their readers. 6
1 Does urban exploration happen all over the world? 2 How long have people been exploring in this way? 3 How many people do it? 4 If I want to explore my local urban area, what can I do? 5 Is the word ‘urbexer’ in the dictionary? 6 What are some of the stories that urbexers have? 7 Why is urban exploration attractive to some people? 8 What kind of places do urbexers visit? 9 What personal qualities do urbexers need?
4 What was Bradley Garrett’s trip to the top of the Legacy Tower like? A easy B lonely C well-planned D frightening 5 What does Zhao Yang do? A He investigates abandoned factories. B He explores with friends. C He keeps his experiences a secret. D He never takes any photographs. 6 How does the article end? A By describing more activities that urban explorers do. B By recommending other ways of exploring cities. C By explaining the health benefits of urban exploration. D By telling urbexers how to avoid breaking the law.
Competences Read the Critical Thinking box. Which questions does the article answer about urbexers and urban exploration?
SPEAKING 7
Work in groups. Discuss the questions. 1 What other information would you like to see in the article? 2 Where could you find out the answers to the questions that weren’t answered? Unit 2 Enjoy the ride
23
2C Sydney on $20 GRAMMAR Narrative forms 1
Choose the correct option to complete the sentences in the grammar box. Then check your answers in the text on the previous page.
Narrative forms
VIDEO MAP
a It wasn’t until Bradley and his friends had climbed / were climbing to the top of The Shard and used to manage / had managed to visit all of the city’s abandoned underground stations that the police stopped / were stopping them exploring as a group. b Bradley studied / was studying urbexers for a book he wrote / was writing when they were stopped. c ‘We had sat / were sitting on a rooftop when someone suggested / used to suggest we try to get up the Legacy Tower. So we walked / were walking in and just had got / got in the lift after some residents had opened / were opening the door. d Zhao Yang explores places where people were working / used to work, like old industrial sites and abandoned hospitals. 2
Read the sentences in the grammar box and complete these rules with Past simple, Past continuous, Past perfect or used to. When we tell stories or talk about actions or events in the past: 1 we use the to describe an action or event that was in progress when another action happened. The two actions are often linked with when, while or as. We also use it to give background information. It is not used with stative verbs (know, love, etc.). to describe completed actions in the 2 we usually use the past. If actions happen one after another, we use this tense. to show that one action finished before 3 we use the another action happened. The actions are often connected with after, before and already. to talk about situations, habits and 4 we usually use routines that were true in the past but are not true any more.
> Grammar reference & practice p. 256 3
The city of Sydney, Australia, and its famous Opera House.
Becky Khalil was a freegan in Sydney, Australia. Read the text quickly and find out what a freegan is. Then read again and choose the correct option. I (1) used to think / was thinking that Australia was a really expensive place, and the first time I (2) went / had gone there, I worked to pay for my living expenses. But while I (3) had stayed / was staying in Australia last time, I (4) found / used to find another way to live. I (5) used to use / had already used my working visa on my first trip, so I couldn’t get a job this time. To make things worse, someone (6) was stealing / had stolen all my money during a train journey. So I (7) became / had become a freegan. That’s a person who tries to travel without paying for food, transport or accommodation. Before, I (8) used to buy / was buying too much food and threw a lot of it away, but this time I (9) had eaten / ate leftover food from friends and shops, like day-old bread. I (10) didn’t spend / hadn’t spent anything on accommodation, less than $100 on travel and less than $20 on food for six weeks!
> World Map, p. 182 24 Unit 2 Enjoy the ride
PRONUNCIATION /ɔː/
4
Complete the rest of Becky’s story with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
7
(let) Most of the time, friends of mine (1) me sleep on their sofas, but before my trip I (contact) a company that organizes (2) ‘house-sitting’ jobs, so I sometimes looked after houses when the owners were on holiday. (get) lifts To save money on bus fares, I (3) (travel) with people I knew, and while I (4) around the country, I usually decided to camp. Once I went to sleep under the stars because I (5) (be) too tired to put my tent up. Finding cheap or free food was much easier than I (expect) it to be. Even in winter, (6) (live) with other I enjoyed it because I (7) (become) friends and freegans and we (8) helped each other. At the end of each day, shops gave (not sell). Believe it us anything they (9) (eat) extremely well! or not, we (10) 5
Liam
Have you changed the screensaver on your mobile, Marta? I haven’t seen that photo before. Marta Yes, I changed it yesterday. It’s me and my brother in Edinburgh last year while we were waiting for Dad outside the castle. Liam I didn’t know that you’d been to Scotland. When did you go? Marta Last September. School hadn’t started yet so I was free, and my brother was moving to Edinburgh to study at the university. Liam Did you have a good time? Marta Well I didn’t really want to go at first to be honest, but actually it was a great trip. The university was really interesting, and we went on a fantastic walking tour to find out all about the film Trainspotting. Liam Sounds amazing! I love that film. 1 What photo does Marta have as her phone screensaver? 2 Why did she go to Scotland and who did she go with? 3 What did she like best about her trip?
Complete the sentences in your own words. Then work in pairs and compare your sentences. 1 Before this lesson I didn’t know… 2 When I was younger, I used to… 3 The last time I… was when… 4 I didn’t spend any money when…
WRITING & SPEAKING 8
CRITICAL THINKING 6
exploit the kindness of others and take, take, take!
“
”
Freegans have a way of life that helps the environment and reduces waste. I think that’s great!
Write notes about a trip or journey you have taken that was memorable in some way. Use these questions to help you plan what you are going to say. • Where did you go and how did you travel? • When did you make the trip and who did you go with? • What memorable things happened? What were you doing when they happened? • How did you feel about the journey in general?
Competences Read the quotes about freegans then discuss the pros and cons of this lifestyle.
“I think freegans are just people who want to
Read the dialogue and underline two examples each of the Past continuous, Past simple and Past perfect. Then answer the questions below.
9
Work in pairs. Tell each other about your trip. Ask questions to find out more about your partner’s trip.
”
Unit 2 Enjoy the ride
25
2D You can’t miss it SPEAKING & LISTENING Do you know the way? 1
Work in pairs. Discuss the questions.
2
1 Have you got a good sense of direction or do you rely on Google Maps a lot? 2 In what situations might you have to ask someone for directions rather than using your phone?
1.08 Listen to two conversations. Complete the table.
Conversation 1
Conversation 2
1 Do the speakers know each other? 2 Where do they want to get to? 3 How are they travelling? 4 How far is it? 5 What will they do if they get lost? 3
1.08 Look at the map and listen again. Match a letter from the map with
each of these places.
1 where the first conversation takes place ___ 2 the Science Museum ___
3 the cinema ___ 4 Melanie’s house ___
4
Work in pairs. Ask for and give directions between places on the map. Use the expressions in the Functions box to help you.
5
MEDIATION Work in pairs. Think of somewhere within walking distance of
your school. Give directions to your partner. Can they guess the destination? Functions Asking for directions Excuse me. Do you know the way to…? Giving directions Go all the way up there until you get to… At the traffic lights, go straight on / turn right. After 200 metres, take the first turning on the left. Go past a… on your left / right. The train station is on your left. Talking about time and distance It’s not very far from here. It’s no more than a kilometre from there.
26 Unit 2 Enjoy the ride
WRITING A story 6
VISIBLE THINKING Look at the photo.
See 1 What can you see? Think 2 Where do you think it is? What do you think it is like to drive along this road? Wonder 3 What would you like to know about the place/road? 7
Read the story. Are there any answers to your questions in Ex. 6? What was the writer’s experience of the road like? Last summer I went on holiday to Norway with two friends, Harry and Jennifer. We spent the first two days sightseeing in Oslo. On the second evening, we were planning the next day’s activities when Harry had the idea of going to a famous road called Trollstigen. He had only passed his driving test the summer before, but he really wanted to drive along this route. As the countryside looked so breathtaking, I said yes. Big mistake! Firstly, I didn’t realise how far away it was. It took us over 7 hours to get there because we got lost several times. When we arrived at the bottom of the road, I swapped places with Jennifer and sat in the front so I could film the ride up. Second mistake! I felt so anxious and ill with all the narrow, hairpin bends and Harry was sweating because it was much more difficult than he had imagined. We were all shaking like leaves when we got to the top. I had never been so scared in my life! And we still had to drive back to Oslo the next day!
8
You are going to write a story about a journey or trip that ends with one of these three sentences. Choose your ending. • That was one of the worst trips of my life. • I hadn’t expected to have such an exciting journey. • Getting to school had never been so complicated.
9
Write your story. Use the Writing Strategies box to help you organise your ideas. And remember to think about the verb forms you will need.
10 Share your story with other people in the class. Whose stories sound
like the best/worst experiences?
WRITING STRATEGIES Telling a story When you write a story, plan your paragraphs in this way: Paragraph 1: Set the scene Where does the story start? Who is the story about? When does the story take place? Paragraphs 2/3: Main events What happened? How did you feel? What happened next? Paragraph 4: The end What happened in the end? How did you or other people feel? What do you remember most about the events?
Trollstigen Road, Norway > World Map, p. 182 Unit 2 Enjoy the ride
27
1&2 Consolidation & Certification Grammar revision present & past tenses; subject & object questions; adjectives (-ed / -ing) Vocabulary revision describing emotions; travel; suffixes (-ment, -ness and -ion); compound nouns
VOCABULARY & WORD BUILDING 1
2
Choose the correct option. 1 If I ___ the bus to school, my dad has to take me by car. A catch B get C miss D lose 2 Guided ___ of the museum are only available from Monday to Thursday. A sightseeing B journeys C trips D tours 3 There’s a lot of traffic in the morning because so many people ___ to work by car. A commute B ride C take D transport 4 The views of the city from the top of the skyscraper were ___. A amazed B amazing C amazement D amaze 5 With this ticket you can get on and ___ the open-top tour bus as often as you want. A out B up C to D off 6 Come to our theme park for lots of fun and ___. A exciting B excitement C excite D excited 7 Last summer my parents went ___ in four European capital cities. A exploration C visiting B sightseeing D tour 8 Jake’s been really ___ recently. I think it’s because of his final exams next week. A embarrassed B relaxed C stressed D delighted Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in capitals. 1 Julian was very ______________ when his pet hamster died. SADNESS 2 Often as people get older they suffer from ______________. LONELY 3 Smiling is an expression of ______________. FRIEND 4 The athlete did his best but ______________ set in after 20km of the race and he had to give up. EXHAUSTED 5 The students were really ______________ when they found out the destination for their school trip. EXCITEMENT 6 There was a lot of ______________ about who was going to give the opening speech at the awards ceremony. CONFUSED
28 Units 1&2
GRAMMAR 3
Write one word in each gap. Milly Oh, Sam. I’m so nervous. I (1) ____________ never flown before. Sam Don’t worry. I (2) ____________ to be anxious too. I remember my first flight. I (3) ____________ late so when I got on the plane everybody (4) ____________ already found their seats. They (5) ____________ all looking at me. I felt so embarrassed. Milly Who (6) ____________ the idea of going to Japan anyway? Sam You did! Milly True! But I (7) ____________ not think about the 14-hour flight, just the food and culture. Sam Okay. They (8) ____________ calling our flight now. Ready? Milly Which seats (9) ____________ we have? Sam Have a look at the app on your phone. Milly No! I (10) ____________ lost my phone! Where is it? Help!
4
Complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning as the first. 1 I found the talk on urban explorers very interesting. I was _______________ in the talk on urban explorers. 2 It was the group’s first time in the city so they got lost. The group got lost because they _______________ visited the city before. 3 Flying was once only for the rich. Flying used _______________ only for the rich. 4 It’s ages since we had a holiday abroad. We _______________ a holiday abroad for ages. 5 When I read a map I feel confused because I always rely on a satnav for directions. Reading a map is _______________ for me because I always rely on a satnav for directions.
5
Choose the correct alternative. 1 ‘Who watched / did watch the Avengers movie last night?’ ‘I did!’ 2 Mark missed the bus so when he arrived at school, lessons had / have already started. 3 ‘Which platform does our train leave / our train leaves from?’ ‘Platform 9, over there.’ 4 We never went / had never been to the villa before and the views were amazed / amazing. 5 I am believing / believe that electric cars are not cheap enough so people don’t want to buy them. 6 It didn’t rain / wasn’t raining when I left for school this morning, but now it is pouring / pours.
LISTENING 6
1.09 Listen to an interview with Maggie, a young
travel reporter, talking about a historic town. Choose the correct ending (A, B, C, or D).
CERTIFICATION 7
1.10 P Listen to the presentation of a tourist destination in Derbyshire, England. Complete the notes with words or a number.
The Heights of Abraham
0 Maggie is in Somerford because she works for a radio station. A B ✗ she won a competition. C the town won a travel award. she has friends who live there. D 1 The tourist information centre is in the centre of town. A on most good maps. B C in the town’s station. not well organised. D 2 The castle is original, except for the entrance and the walls. A the entrance and the roofs. B the walls and towers. C the roofs and the towers. D 3 The castle guides are trained teachers. A good at entertaining. B trained to take school groups. C boring for young people. D 4 Bernard’s Tower is a part of the science department. A a home for old scientists. B Oxford and Cambridge Universities. C the shopping centre. D 5 In the park there are some cafes. A horse rides for children. B beautiful flower gardens. C activities for children and grassy areas D for adults. 6 The hotels in Somerford are outside the town centre. A a cheap alternative to the campsite. B rather old and costly. C old-fashioned but luxurious. D
Location Matlock Bath, Derbyshire Travelling by car Car parks located near the station and in the (1) ________ of the village Travelling by train Distance from train station only (2) ________ metres Price Family ticket (3) £________ • (4) ________ ride to reach the Ticket includes hilltop park • Access to all the whole park • (5) ________ of two caverns • Multimedia exhibition Opening times Daily from 10 a.m. to (6) ________ • Restaurant and café, serving Facilities meals, (7) ________ and drinks • Two children’s adventure playgrounds • (8) ________ shop
8 P Choose the correct option.
1
SCARED OF FLYING?
A The advert promises help with strong emotions. B The expert will call you if you feel scared. C You have to pay in advance. 2 A Mark is lost and wants Kim to send directions. B Mark is texting Kim to fix a time and place to meet. C Kim has already sent the directions to Mark once. 3 A The website gives information on different forms of transport in Europe.
FRIGHTENED OF SPIDERS? Trained expert uses the latest techniques to remove all your fears and phobias. Money back guarantee if unsuccessful. Call 1-800-1111 for information.
Kim, see you at six as planned, but can you send me the directions again? I lost them and can’t use the map app on my phone. Thanks, Mark
X Going backpacking around
Europe by train? Here you can B The website can help find everything you need to people organise a holiday in know about planning your trip different European countries.
C On the website you can read about backpackers’ world travel experiences.
and what to take with you.
Units 1&2 Consolidation & Certification
29
GET ON YOUR BIKE! It doesn’t matter whether you’re a beginner or an expert, whether you choose an e-bike, touring bike or mountain bike – as long as you’ve got plenty of enthusiasm, 5 you can have a great cycling holiday. Cycling is a fantastic way to have a holiday. It’s green, you can explore places off the beaten 10 track, meet local people and learn about the local culture, history, way of life and food. You can go urban cycling, take part in an organised tour, or organise your 15 own bikepacking trip following one of the many bike trails across the UK, along the coast or around a national park.
lanes, and the towns and villages 800-mile trip. You cycle through full or people. You can choose to 30 four national parks, along the tracks of old Roman roads, across go wild camping or stay in local exposed moors, by the side of B&Bs, and there are plenty of farm canals and past ruined castles. 50 shops where you can buy some The West Kernow Way takes in the supplies for lunch, and local pubs 35 beautiful scenery of the Cornish for your dinner. Two popular routes for coast. It can be challenging as Pack up a small rucksack and a 20 bikepacking trips are the West there are steep trails up cliffs, but couple of bike panniers with the Kernow Way in Cornwall, at the you ride past beautiful beaches, 55 essentials and don’t forget a GPS south west tip of England, and the woods and valleys, as well as device as not all parts of the routes Great North Trail. If you decide to 40 famous landmarks like Land’s are signposted well. Then fill your travel along the complete length End and the Mên-an-Tol standing heart and spirit with a desire for 25 of the trail, this second route stones. It is a quiet way to explore adventure and get on your bike, takes you from the Peak District this area of England which gets so in Northern England all the way busy in the summer months, with 60 ready to really see places from a to the north coast of Scotland, an 45 lots of traffic along the narrow different angle. > World Map, p. 182
READING 9 INVALSI Read the text and match the two halves of the sentences. There are two extra endings that you do not need.
1 The important thing for a biking holiday is to 2 One advantage of a bike holiday is that it is 3 On the Great North Trail you can 4 The West Kernow Way is not 5 In the summer months, Cornwall is 6 Essential equipment for bikepacking is
30 Units 1&2 Consolidation & Certification
a b c d e f g h
popular landmarks. all on the same level. be enthusiastic. very crowded. use an e-bike. visit two different countries. a GPS device. environmentally-friendly.
1&2 Presentation Skills SOFT SKILLS VISUAL AIDS Using slides to illustrate a talk 1
Discuss the questions in pairs. 1 What types of visual aids can you use during a presentation or talk? 2 Why are visual aids useful? 3 Is it important to think carefully about how many visual aids you use? What about when and how you use them?
2
1.11 Read and listen to part of a talk by Stephen about a personal achievement. Which statement (A, B, C or D)
is true?
“
It’s hard to find the words to explain how I felt when I got the email telling me I had passed my Mandarin exam. I had finally reached the goal I had set myself three years before. I remember the day before the exam well. My dad took me for a long walk in the mountains. He said that the fresh air and fantastic scenery would help clear my mind. He didn’t want me to study on the last day, or spend that day feeling worried and anxious. We had a great time and I woke up full of energy and confidence on the morning of the exam. My hard work and determination certainly contributed to my success, but I have to thank my dad too, for his advice on the top of the mountain that day. I think he was even more pleased with the result than I was!
A Stephen doesn’t get on well with his dad. B Stephen and his dad are both experienced mountain climbers. C Stephen managed to reach a personal objective after three years’ hard work. D Stephen’s dad wanted him to do the Mandarin exam. 3
Read the Competences box. Then look at the slides below and discuss the questions with the class: 1 Do you think any of these slides would be appropriate in Stephen’s talk? 2 Which one(s)? Give reasons for your answers.
4
When you use slides, you can YOUR TALK introduce them with certain 4 Work in pairs. Prepare two or three expressions. Complete expressions slides for a presentation on one of (1–4) below with the words in the box. the following topics. Compare your ideas with the rest of the class. can have illustrates show • books and films teenagers would find enjoyable 1 Here we _____ an example of… • the pros and cons of social media 2 The next slide _____ … for young people 3 As you _____ see here, … • public transport in your town 4 These graphs _____ … • unusual places to visit in your area
”
COMPETENCES Slides can be a valid addition to a presentation, but remember that they are an ‘extra’: what you say is the most important thing. Slides with text: • limit the amount of text and don’t read directly from the slide. • present the information step-by-step. You don’t want the audience to read the slide instead of listening to you. • use a simple design, and limit special effects which may interfere with your message. Slides with images: • Depending on the topic, you could use your own photographs. • If you use images from the Internet, look for something original, not clichés.
On pages 32–33 you will watch a TED Talk. When you watch the talk, pay attention to how the speaker uses slides and how much information is presented on them. Units 1&2 Presentation Skills
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Happy maps
“
If you think that adventure is dangerous, try routine. It’s deadly. DANIELE QUERCIA
”
ABOUT THE SPEAKER 1
AUTHENTIC LISTENING SKILLS
Read about the TED Talk speaker, Daniele Quercia. Does he think the fastest route from A to B is always the best? Daniele Quercia is a scientist at Yahoo! Labs in Barcelona. He works on new ways to use online maps to improve our ‘offline’ lives. His work used to be all about efficiency, and getting to where you want to go as quickly as possible. But a personal experience changed all that. Now he is interested in enjoying the journey, not just the quickest route between two places. He and his team crowdsource their research: they get members of the public to play an online game. Players choose between pairs of photos of urban scenes. Daniele has used the information from the game to design a mapping app that shows the happy path to your destination. Daniele’s idea worth spreading is that the fastest route may be efficient, but there are times when taking a different route can be more interesting and memorable.
Understanding accents When you travel abroad or listen to people on TV and the internet, you will hear foreign and regional accents in English. It’s helpful to practise listening to different accents so you can enjoy listening to people from all over the world. 3
1.12 Listen to the beginning of the TED Talk, first said by a native English speaker and then by Daniele Quercia, a native Italian speaker. Compare the pronunciation of the underlined sounds. I have a confession to make. As a scientist and engineer, I’ve focused on efficiency for many years.
4
1.13 How do you say these sentences? Listen to
Daniele and a native speaker to compare. 1 I lived in Boston and worked in Cambridge. 2 I teamed up with Luca and Rossano. 3 They also recalled how some paths smelled and sounded.
> World Map, p. 182
KEY WORDS 2
Match the words in bold in the text to the meanings.
MY PERSPECTIVE
a ___________ = places in cities and towns
5
b ___________ = the ability to use time and energy well to get a job done c ___________ = the way from one place to another d ___________ = get information from many people, usually using the Internet e ___________ = software that shows maps 32 Units 1&2 TED Talks
Which of these statements do you agree with? Why? 1 Learners should always try to sound like native speakers of English. 2 Sometimes it’s easier to understand other non-native speakers of English than native speakers. 3 Your foreign accent in English is an important part of your identity, so be proud of it.
WATCH THE TALK
9
Work in groups. Discuss the questions.
6
What do you usually see on your journey to school? What can you hear? What can you smell?
1 Daniele’s London map shows routes that are short, happy, beautiful and quiet. Which kind of route would you prefer to use to get around your city? Why?
7
Watch Part 1 of the talk. Answer the questions.
2 Why might these people be interested in using this kind of mapping app? Give reasons for each one.
1 What journey helped Daniele see that travel isn’t just about efficiency? A Moving from Boston to Barcelona. B A bicycle race he took part in. C His commute to work. 2 How was the new route different from the old one? A It went along Massachusetts Avenue. B It had less traffic. C It was shorter and quicker. 3 What does Daniele say about mapping apps? A They encourage people to explore more. B They give too many choices about the route. C They are very similar to computer games. 8
Watch Part 2. Choose the correct option. 1 Daniele studied how people experience / get around the city. 2 The red path on the map is the shortest / most enjoyable one. 3 They collected data by asking people to play a game / take a test. 4 The first map that they designed was of Boston / London. 5 Now, their research is in developing maps based on smell, sound and memories / sights. 6 Their goal is to encourage people to take the best path / many paths through the city.
• a tourist spending a week in a new city • a courier who delivers letters and parcels quickly for companies by bicycle • a student • a taxi driver 3 Would you like to have this mapping app on your smartphone? Why?/Why not? CHALLENGE Work in pairs. Look at a map of your town, or a city that you know well. Plan two one-hour walking routes for the city. • Route 1. This must include as many beautiful sights and interesting places as possible. • Route 2. This must include the places most likely to interest teenagers who are visiting the city. Work in groups. Compare your routes and discuss the questions. • Which of the tours would you enjoy most if you were a tourist? Why? • What other types of (guided) tours could you offer in the town or city? Units 1&2 TED Talks
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1&2 Citizenship GETTING AROUND SUSTAINABLY
PREVIEW 1
3
Match the words from each column to form collocations. Then use the expressions to describe the photos on these pages. 1 fossil 2 air 3 environmentally 4 greenhouse 5 renewable 6 exhaust
a b c d e f
energy fumes pollution fuel friendly gas
VIEW 2
Now watch a video in which Sean goes to Cambodia to help an orphanage. How does he travel there and what type of fuel does he use?
Watch the video again and put the sentences in the correct order. A crowd has gathered to see the biofuel. a After 2,500 kms, Sean arrives at Sunrise. b Now they know it works; it’s time for Sean to get c going. Jack and his colleagues find a smaller machine. d Sean uses the converter to fuel his car’s journey to e Cambodia. Sean visits a factory to see how biofuel is made. f Sean wants to get the orphanage something they g don’t have. Sean demonstrates how the machine works. h
REFLECT 4
In the video, the narrator describes the orphanage Sean visits as ‘green’ and says it is ‘known for being energy efficient, and has a lot of technology’. In pairs, discuss the questions. 1 What do you think the orphanage does to be green? 2 What other technology could the orphanage have in order to be energy efficient and sustainable? 3 How will the biofuel converter help them?
5
LIFE SKILLS Answer these questions and then compare your answers with a partner.
1 How do most people travel to work or school in your area? 2 What is the traffic like during the week? And at weekends? 3 Do you know of anyone who uses biofuel? 4 What’s the most common type of fuel for cars and other vehicles? 34 Units 1&2 Citizenship
A BIGGER PERSPECTIVE 6 THINKING ROUTINE Think about the advantages and disadvantages of these forms of transport. Then pair with a
partner and share your ideas. What ideas do you have in common? bicycle
7
bus/tram
car
plane
train
Read the information in the 2030 Agenda box and answer the questions in pairs.
Sustainable Development Goal 7 is focused on ensuring that everyone has access to affordable, reliable and modern energy services. Furthermore, this energy should be clean and sustainable, which means it should come from renewable energy sources. These are wind energy, solar energy, hydropower, geothermal energy and biomass energy. Unfortunately, the world still depends heavily on fossil fuels, like coal, gas and oil, as a source of power for homes, industries and transport. These are responsible for greenhouse gas emissions and a devastating effect on our environment, climate and health. 1 What is the aim of Sustainable Development Goal 7? 2 What are examples of renewable energy sources? 3 What are the negative effects of fossil fuels? 4 Which of the forms of transport in Ex. 6 are the worst for the environment? 8 MEDIATING CONCEPTS Read the statement and discuss the question in small groups. Use the ideas below to help you.
Road transport is the biggest cause of greenhouse gas emissions, but renewable energy used in transport was only 4% in 2020. What can we do to make transport in our cities cleaner and more sustainable? bike lanes e-scooter rental schemes free charging points free parking for electric vehicles government incentives to buy electric vehicles low emission zones more public transport 9 DEBATE Have a class debate on the following statement. Half the class should be in favour and half against the
statement. Use the prompts in the box to help you.
Everybody should use an electric vehicle (car, moped, e-scooter) or public transport to get to work or school. cost
distance
number and location of charging points
reliability
OUR PERSPECTIVE 10 THINKING ROUTINE – CIRCLES OF ACTION
Work in small groups. Discuss the questions together and then complete the circles with your answers.
weather in the rest of the world?
in our school/town? in our homes?
What can we do to contribute towards clean and sustainable energy…
Units 1&2 Citizenship
35
PERSPECTIVES INTERMEDIATE
Kerry MAXWELL Catrin Elen MORRIS
Workbook Contents .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... p. 183 Unit 1 In touch with your feelings ................................................................................................................................................................. p. 184 Unit 2 Enjoy the ride ............................................................................................................................................................................................. p. 190 Summative Revision 1-2 ......................................................................................................................................................................................... p. 196 Preliminary Preparation .......................................................................................................................................................................................... p. 197 Unit 3 Active lives ................................................................................................................................................................................................... p. 198 Unit 4 Food ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ p. 204 Summative Revision 3-4 ......................................................................................................................................................................................... p. 210 Preliminary Preparation .......................................................................................................................................................................................... p. 211 Unit 5 Work ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ p. 212 Unit 6 Superhuman ............................................................................................................................................................................................... p. 218 Summative Revision 5-6 ......................................................................................................................................................................................... p. 224 Preliminary Preparation .......................................................................................................................................................................................... p. 225 Unit 7 Shopping around ..................................................................................................................................................................................... p. 226 Unit 8 Effective communication ..................................................................................................................................................................... p. 232 Summative Revision 7-8 ......................................................................................................................................................................................... p. 238 Preliminary Preparation .......................................................................................................................................................................................... p. 239 Unit 9 Unexpected entertainment ............................................................................................................................................................... p. 240 Unit 10 Time ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. p. 246 Summative Revision 9-10 ...................................................................................................................................................................................... p. 252 Preliminary Preparation .......................................................................................................................................................................................... p. 253 Grammar reference & practice ............................................................................................................................................................................ p. 254 Irregular verb list / Phonetics .............................................................................................................................................................................. p. 274 TED Talks videoscripts .............................................................................................................................................................................................. p. 276 Key Vocabulary ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ p. 280 Wordlist ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ p. 282
1 In touch with your feelings a b c d e f g h
WHAT YOU KNOW Basic emotions
3
Choose the correct option. 1 I’m worried about / for / with failing the exam. 2 She was embarrassed of / by / to Richard’s stupid comments. 3 Alfie seems very nervous about / at / on the interview. 4 There’s no need to get annoyed of / to / with Jasmine – she was only trying to help. 5 Are you feeling anxious over / of / about your driving test? 6 You shouldn’t have behaved so badly, I’m ashamed by / for / of you! 7 Don’t be scared with / to / of Andy – he’s quite nice when you get to know him. 8 I’m confused of / by / from your text. Can you call me?
4
Put the words in the correct order to make sentences. 1 makes / feel / me / my / stressed / job _______________________________________ 2 scared / you / are / heights / of / very / ? _______________________________________ 3 lonely / be / your / on / own / living / can _______________________________________ 4 was / she / her / results / with / delighted / exam _______________________________________ 5 about / I’m / the meaning / this / of / confused / word _______________________________________ 6 came / very / we’re / that / here / pleased / today / you _______________________________________ 7 have / nothing / of / ashamed / to be / they _______________________________________ 8 worried / moving / are / a / about / to / city / new / you / ? _______________________________________
5
Complete the sentences about yourself. 1 I get really angry when ______________________. 2 I sometimes get confused about _______________. 3 __________________________ always makes me feel stressed. 4 One thing I’m pleased about is ________________. 5 I feel so embarrassed when ___________________. 6 The time I feel most relaxed is _________________.
1 VISIBLE LEARNING Complete the sentences with the
adjectives from the box.
angry afraid bored excited unhappy upset worried
pleased
😢 Annie was really _________ when her dog died. 😳 Have you always been _________ of spiders? 🙁 Max told me he’s _________ that he might fail the exam. 4 😩 He hated the school and had a very _________ childhood. 5 😃 We’re so _________ that you can join us! 6 🤩 The trip sounds amazing – are you getting _________ about it? 7 😡 He was quite _________ with her for breaking his mobile. 8 🥱 Were you as _________ as me during that film?
1 2 3
I fell asleep!
VOCABULARY Describing emotions > SB p. 9 2
Read the sentences (1–8) and match the words in bold with their definitions (a–h). 1 When it’s very dark he sometimes gets scared. 2 I was so confused when he started speaking Urdu. 3 You must be delighted that you won! 4 I was so embarrassed when Jack started to sing. 5 Living here can be quite lonely at times. 6 I feel stressed when I’ve got too many things to do. 7 I always feel nervous before job interviews. 8 She was relaxed and enjoying the sunshine.
184 Unit 1 In touch with your feelings
not able to understand frightened feeling happy and calm unhappy because you are not with other people feel emotionally and mentally tired worried or anxious ashamed or shy extremely pleased
Vocabulary & Word Building Expand your vocabulary
6 VISIBLE LEARNING Write all the adjectives from this
lesson in the correct category.
👍 Positive / Negative 👎
👍 Positive
👎 Negative
Get ahead! Make a note in your notebook of the adjectives you learn to describe emotions in these categories. Then choose one adjective to describe how you feel each day and write it in your school diary.
The range of human emotions Researchers from the University of California, Berkley, have decided that there are 27 main human emotions. This is as a result of analysing 27,660 responses to short video clips. Participants in the study felt amused by the funny videos, such as a dog going for a ride on the back of a tortoise; awkward about some of the more embarrassing ones, like two people trying to high-five each other and missing; and disgusted by a dish of moving insects. In addition to these emotions, participants were nostalgic about videos of TV programmes from their childhood; satisfied with the police stopping a taxi that drove straight across a queue of traffic, and relieved by a wildlife photographer escaping from a gorilla. How about you? How would you react to these scenes?
WORD BUILDING Suffixes: -ment, -ness, -ion > SB p. 12 7
Complete the table with the correct noun form of each adjective in the box. Be careful with your spelling. confused depressed disappointed embarrassed excited exhausted friendly happy lonely nervous sad + -ment
+ -ness
+ -ion
9
8
1
Complete the sentences with a suitable noun from the table in Ex. 7. 1 Your _________ is what’s most important. I want to see you smiling again. 2 Not being picked for the team was a big _________ for Joe. 3 There seems to be some _________ about the results of the match. 4 Seeing the presents round the tree only added to the children’s _________. They couldn’t wait to open them. 5 It’s with great _________ that we announce the death of Anna Jackson. 6 John’s always suffered from _________, so he sees a psychologist every week. 7 She’s quite an _________ to her parents, with all those tattoos and piercings. 8 They waited anxiously to go on stage. They were in a state of great _________.
Read the definitions and match the correct words in bold from the text. 1 Feel uncomfortable with something. _________ 2 When something makes you laugh. _________ 3 Feel happy or content about something. _________ 4 Stop feeling anxious or stressed. _________ 5 A sentimental feeling about the past. _________ 6 Feel physically or emotionally bad. _________
10 Complete the sentences with the words from Ex. 9.
1 I got really _________ about some old family photos. 2 We were _________ when the plane finally landed. 3 I felt really _________ about meeting my boyfriend’s family for the first time. 4 The teacher wasn’t _________ with our test results. 5 They were _________ by the terrible conditions of the puppies at the farm. 6 The audience was quite _________ by the comedian’s jokes, but they weren’t really laughing hard. Unit 1 In touch with your feelings
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1
Grammar
Subject & object questions > SB p. 11 1
4
Match the questions (1-6) to the answers (a-f). 1 Who bought the chocolate cake? 2 How much does Gary earn? 3 Why was Jenny so angry? 4 Who earns the most? 5 Who was angry? 6 What did Anna buy? a b c d e f
I think Gary does. Because Alex was late. About £30,000, I think. She bought a cake. Jenny was. Anna bought it.
2
Complete the questions for the given answers. 1 A How much money ______________________? B They collected more than £500. 2 A Who ________________________________? B Kim gave us the flowers. 3 A How often ____________________________? B She cries every time she thinks of him. 4 A What _______________________________? B Work makes me feel stressed. 5 A Why ________________________________? B I listen to music to help me relax. 6 A How many ____________________________? B He invited twenty people.
3
Write a suitable question for each answer using the question words in the box. How many How much Whose Why
How often What
1 ______________________________________? Jim looked angry because someone stole his computer. 2 ______________________________________? They ate about 10 kilos of pizza! 3 ______________________________________? Zoe’s bike was stolen. 4 ______________________________________? Pete said they had to leave. 5 ______________________________________? I go swimming three times a week. 6 ______________________________________? 300 people came to the party.
186 Unit 1 In touch with your feelings
Write answers that are true for you. 1 What is your favourite film? _______________________________________ 2 Who plays the main character? _______________________________________ 3 When and where did you see it? _______________________________________ 4 How many times have you seen it? _______________________________________ 5 Who usually goes with you to the cinema? _______________________________________ 6 How often do you usually go to the cinema? _______________________________________
Talking about the present > SB pp. 14–15 5
Which verb tense is used in each sentence? Write PS (Present simple), PC (Present continuous) or PP (Present perfect). a People aren’t writing letters much these days, just texts and emails. __ b Karl is speaking to another customer at the moment. __ c Louise and I have known each other for over 30 years. __ d I agree with your decision. __ e Naomi is always making nasty comments about people. __ f She goes to a karate class on Tuesdays. __ g Planets closer to the Sun have shorter years than the Earth. __
6
Read the sentences in Ex. 5 again and match each one to a rule. Use the Present simple to talk about facts and 1 things that are generally true. Use the Present perfect to describe actions that 2 started in the past and continue to the present. Use the Present simple to describe habits and 3 routines. Use the Present continuous with always to describe 4 actions that happen often and annoy the speaker. Use the Present continuous to talk about actions 5 happening at or around the present time. Use the Present simple with stative verbs, like enjoy, 6 agree, think. Use the Present continuous to talk about situations 7 that are changing.
Grammar 7
8
9
Choose the correct option. 1 Chris usually reads / is reading before going to sleep. 2 I often am enjoying / enjoy a cup of hot chocolate at bedtime. 3 We ‘re shopping / ‘ve shopped online for two years now. 4 Beth is so angry all the time. She’s always shouting / always shouted. 5 The sun doesn’t set / isn’t setting in Iceland in June. 6 Some people think / are thinking this is a good idea. 7 They never go / are never going to bed before midnight. 8 I laugh / ‘m laughing because you look so funny! The verbs in bold are incorrect. Rewrite each sentence using the correct form. 1 Water is freezing at 0 degrees Celsius. _______________________________________ 2 The phone rings. Can you answer it? _______________________________________ 3 If it isn’t raining she is usually walking to work. _______________________________________ 4 I’m bored. I’m wanting to watch TV. _______________________________________ 5 A It’s 6 o’clock already, we need to go. B Sorry, Fred, I come. _______________________________________ 6 Koala bears have slept for more than twenty hours a day. _______________________________________ 7 I live here all my life. _______________________________________ 8 I feed the cat while John and Angie are on holiday this month. _______________________________________ Complete the mini-dialogues about annoying habits. Use the Present continuous form of the verbs in brackets with always. 1 A There’s a problem with my car again. B No way! ____________________. (break down) 2 A Amy was really angry with her parents. B I don’t blame her. ____________________. (interfere) 3 A Katy wants to borrow £20. B Typical! ____________________ for money. (ask) 4 A I can’t read the menu without my glasses. B Where are they? ____________________ to bring them! (forget) 5 A Sarah never does her homework on time. B I’m not surprised. She ____________________ distracted! (get)
1
10 Complete the text with the Present simple, Present
continuous or Present perfect form of the verb in brackets.
Andy and I (1) _________ (share) a flat since last summer. Andy (2) _________ (enjoy) exercise and every morning he (3) _________ (run) around the park. It annoys me that he (4) _________ (always ask) me to go with him, but I really (5) _________ (not like) getting up early. In the evenings, I usually just (6) _________ (watch) TV but Andy is the sort of person who (7) _________ (read) a book. He (8) _________ (also learn) German at the moment. Right now, he (9) _________ (cook) a meal for us and (10) _________ (listen) to the radio. He often (11) _________ (clean) the kitchen after dinner too. That’s great for me though: I (12) _________ (be) very lazy all my life! 11 Choose the correct answer for each question.
1 Do you know Jason? A Yes, we’re knowing him for a couple of years. B Yes, we’ve known him for a couple of years. 2 Are you ready yet? A Almost, I just come. B Almost, I’m just coming. 3 Is Mark with you? A No, he’s playing tennis with a friend. B No, he plays tennis with a friend. 4 Is your family still living in Spain? A No, we live in Portugal now. B No, we’ve lived in Portugal now. 12 Write answers that are true for you.
1 What new thing are you learning at the moment? _______________________________________ 2 Where do you usually go on Sundays? Who with? _______________________________________ 3 How many different schools have you attended? _______________________________________ 4 What annoying things are your parents always doing? _______________________________________ Unit 1 In touch with your feelings
187
1
Competences
READING 1
1
2 3 4 5
Think first Answer the questions before you read the text. 1 Look at the picture. What can you see? 2 Where do you think the people are? 3 How do you think they feel and why?
It has been over ten years since the first World Happiness Report was published, and since the United Nations General Assembly named 5 20 March as International Day of Happiness. Since then, people have started to believe that we should judge* our success as countries by the happiness of our people and try to 10 measure this. The survey asks a representative sample of people in each county how satisfied they are (from 1-10) with different aspects of their lives. This 15 includes their physical and mental health, human relationships, work and pay, trust in society, personal freedom, effective government and perceived levels of corruption. Finland is ranked the happiest country in the world 20 for the sixth time running. But if you look closer, this happiness might be a little more nuanced*. According to a report by the New York Times, while Finns are happy about the level of social services and the psychological benefits of nature, they can also 25 feel anxious and lonely. In fact the Finnish way of life is summed up by the word ‘sisu,’ which means a ‘grim* determination in the face of hardships,’ such as the country’s long winters. In other words, even when things are hard, a Finn faces things without 30 complaining. It is not difficult to see why Afghanistan and Lebanon remain the two unhappiest countries in the survey. Afghanistan did badly in all categories, even before the Taliban’s return to power. Its people 35 have suffered years of war, corruption, poverty and unemployment. Lebanon too is in the middle of a terrible economic crisis that has caused increased poverty and food insecurity* in recent years. It is terribly sad to think that a country that was once 40 called the ‘Switzerland of the Middle East’ has become such an unhappy place to live.
188 Unit 1 In touch with your feelings
6 7 8
At the top of the table, Denmark remains in second place, with its social equality and community spirit; and Iceland is third, for similar reasons. Despite 45 high levels of conflict and dissatisfaction with the government, Israel has moved up five places to fourth positions. This is because of the friendly, open and honest character of its people, as well as the strong sense of community. 50 The fifth to the eighth positions are filled unsurprisingly by the Netherlands, Sweden, Norway, and Switzerland. What is perhaps more surprising is the fact that people are still happy, despite the recent COVID-19 pandemic. Experts think this is because 55 in 2020 and 2021 people around the world became kinder to each other and they still are. Overall, there has been a general trend* towards the world getting happier, although this is not always easy to see. For much of the West there have 60 not been any major wars since WWII, and we have become more connected with each other thanks to technology. At the same time, social media in particular can also make us feel more lonely and isolated, as on-screen communication cannot 65 substitute spending time with people in person. The pandemic definitely taught us that! judge giudicare nuanced sfumato grim feroce food insecurity insicurezza alimentare trend tendenza
Competences
1
Read the text. Are the sentences true (T) or false (F)? Correct the false ones. 1 International Happiness Day started ten years ago. _______________________________________ 2 People in Finland all feel positive emotions. _______________________________________ 3 The people of Afghanistan have been unhappy since the Taliban returned. _______________________________________ 4 Most of the happiest countries in the world are Nordic. _______________________________________ 5 People have been unhappier since the COVID-19 pandemic. _______________________________________ 6 Technology makes us feel more connected and lonelier. _______________________________________
LISTENING
3
Match the words in bold in the text to the definitions. 1 dishonest or illegal _________ 2 feeling unhappy with something or someone _________ 3 having the same rights and responsibilities _________ 4 able to do what you want _________ 5 difficult situation in life _________ 6 feeling as if you are without friends or help _________ 7 having little or no money _________ 8 not having a job _________
5
4
Read the sentences and complete them with the countries. There are three extra.
Listen to a radio interview and choose the correct option. 1 The show Tell Me Straight is a A chat show B media show C reality TV show 2 The presenter talks to A famous people about themselves B people who know famous people C people who want to be famous 3 Who eats a carrot to relax? A a footballer B a singer C an actor 4 What does the drummer do to get to sleep? A count backwards B drumming C meditation 5 Why is actor Gerri Pennington finding it hard to learn to drive? A Because she’s nervous in the car. B Because she can’t read the road signs quickly. C Because she can’t tell right from left. 6 Charlie thinks that A Fred is going to tell her a secret. B everyone has a few secrets. C the celebrities feel very embarrassed.
6
Listen again. Complete each sentence with a suitable adjective describing feelings. 1 Fred is _________ to talk to Charlie Devereux. 2 Footballer, Jamie Cawley is _________ of spiders. 3 Ralph Powell was _________ that he passed his test. 4 Sandra Rind feels very _________ before a show. 5 Bruce Collins gets _________ if he makes a mistake. 6 Gerri Pennington tries not to get _________ when she’s in the car.
2
Listening Tips • Look at pictures or words on the page and guess what the listening is about. • Predict the type of information from context (e.g. numbers, dates, verbs, names etc.)
Afghanistan Denmark Finland Iceland Israel Lebanon Norway Sweden Switzerland 1 ______________ was once called the ‘Switzerland of the Middle East’. 2 People in ______________ face difficult things without complaining. 3 The people of ______________ have suffered years of war, corruption, poverty and unemployment. 4 People from ______________ are friendly, open and honest. 5 ______________ has a strong sense of community and equality. 6 ______________ is now the eighth happiest country in the world.
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Unit 1 In touch with your feelings
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2 Enjoy the ride WHAT YOU KNOW
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Choose the correct option. 1 The ship made the voyage / trip from London to New York in six days. 2 The camel journey / ride through the desert was long and uncomfortable. 3 My friends are going backpacking / sightseeing in the mountains this summer. 4 We really enjoyed the flight / ride. There was no turbulence at all. 5 I took a different route / destination home from the restaurant and got lost. 6 I’d like to go on a flight / cruise, but I often get seasick. 7 My dad usually commutes / travels to work. The journey takes over an hour. 8 She went on an expedition / excursion to central Africa to study lions.
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Complete the sentences with the correct form of get, get off, get to or get to know. 1 I _________ the bus just in time – I almost missed my stop! 2 I love _________ new cities and new people. 3 What time should we _________ the airport? 4 I _________ school late because my train was delayed. 5 I’m always worried about _________ lost, so I carry my phone everywhere. 6 _________ the road! There’s a car coming! 7 She _________ her way around by talking to the locals. 8 How do I _________ from the port to the station?
Travel
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Choose the correct option. 1 The airport / fly was crowded, and the queue for security was enormous. 2 Some visits / tourists respect resorts, and some do not. 3 The train / bus station is in the city centre – 500 metres from the railway station. 4 I prefer to go on holiday / hotels to new countries I haven’t visited before. 5 She drives / runs too fast, so she sometimes gets speeding tickets. 6 He’s an experienced travel / traveller – he’s seen over twenty countries. Complete the words about travel. 1 I’m afraid of flying, so I prefer to travel on this. t____ 2 You need this to travel abroad. p _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 Buses arrive and depart from this place. s _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 This is a piece of paper that you pay for and use to travel. t _ _ _ _ _ 5 A mode of transport that doesn’t have a negative effect on the environment. b _ _ _ _ _ _
VOCABULARY Travel > SB p. 19 3
Match the verbs (1-6) to the nouns and phrases (a-f) they collocate with. an hour to travel to school 1 get to a a new city 2 go for b from my house to school by car 3 miss c a ride in the car 4 get d the restaurant at 8 p.m. 5 get to know e the train by a minute 6 take f
190 Unit 2 Enjoy the ride
Get ahead! Create a mind map of all the expressions you can make with get, get off, get to or get to know. Then learn them and use them in your conversations. 6
Complete the sentences with the words in the box. There are two extra words. cruise destination lift ride route
excursion
expedition
flight
1 I’m taking a _________ to the Caribbean next year. 2 On Saturday, we’re going on an _________ to a chocolate factory. 3 We need to take another _________ to Mexico City: ours has been cancelled. 4 Would you like to go for a bike _________ this weekend? We could go to Dalby Forest. 5 Paul says that they should reach their _________ by about 5 p.m. tomorrow. 6 We’re going on an _________ into the Amazon for six weeks – we can’t wait!
Vocabulary & Word Building 7
Write answers that are true for you.
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What type of public transport do you use most often and where do you go?
_________________ _________________ _________________ _________________
2 Which city would you like
_________________ _________________ _________________
to visit and how would you get there? 3 Have you ever taken a
flight or a cruise? Where did you go? 4 Where was the last
excursion you went on with your class? 5 Does anyone in your
family commute to work? How long does it take?
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Expand your vocabulary
_________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________
WORD BUILDING Compound nouns > SB p. 22 8
Match the two parts of each compound noun. transport 1 view a park 2 walking b seeing 3 sky c point 4 sight d line 5 zip e tour 6 horse f riding 7 public g scraper 8 amusement h
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Complete the sentences with the compound nouns from Ex. 8. 1 Do you fancy coming to the _______________ with me this summer? It will be fun! 2 Using _______________ is much better for the environment than driving a car. 3 The Burj Khalifa, in Dubai, is the tallest _______________ in the world. 4 We did a _______________ of Bath – it was tiring but fascinating learning about the history of the city. 5 Wouldn’t it be amazing to go _______________ on the beach and gallop really fast? 6 Guests can relax by the pool after a busy day of _______________ in the city. 7 There was a _______________ from the top of the castle – the scenery was breathtaking. 8 Anna went on this incredible _______________ above a forest in Costa Rica.
How to board a flight • Before you get to the airport print or download your boarding pass and make sure you have your passport. • Arrive at the airport in plenty of time and go to the check-in desk with your passport and boarding pass. • Take your hand luggage with you through security, removing any liquid, metal or electronic devices. • Pass through the X-ray machine and collect your things before heading to the departure lounge. • You can now browse the duty-free shops or have something to eat or drink in the many food outlets. • Remember to check the departure screens to see when your flight is ready to board. • Make your way to your departure gate as soon as it is announced as you may have to walk far. • Show your boarding pass to staff as you board the plane for take-off. 10 Read the text and match the definitions to the words
in bold. 1 Where you can buy things without tax at an international airport. _____________ 2 When the plane leaves the ground. _____________ 3 Where you check what time your flight leaves. _____________ 4 The small bag you take onto the plane with you. _____________ 5 Where you go when you first arrive at the airport. _____________ 6 Where you sit and wait for your plane to be announced. _____________ 7 Your luggage goes through this to check you are not carrying anything illegal or dangerous. _____________ 8 Where you go to board your plane. _____________ Unit 2 Enjoy the ride
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2 Grammar Adjectives ending in -ed & -ing > SB pp. 20–21 1
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Complete the sentences with the correct adjective form of the verbs in brackets. 1 Which is the most _________ (excite) book you’ve ever read? 2 When do you feel most _________ (exhaust): in the morning, afternoon or evening? Why? 3 When did you last feel _________ (bore)? Why? 4 What can be _________ (confuse) for tourists who don’t speak the language in your country? 5 When have you felt really _________ (frighten)? 6 What do you find _________ (annoy) in other travellers on public transport? 7 What is the most _________ (amaze) place you’ve ever visited? 8 Were you _________ (disappoint) by anything on your last holiday? If so, why?
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Now answer the questions in Ex. 3 about yourself. 1 _______________________________________ _______________________________________ 2 _______________________________________ _______________________________________ 3 _______________________________________ _______________________________________ 4 _______________________________________ _______________________________________ 5 _______________________________________ _______________________________________ 6 _______________________________________ _______________________________________ 7 _______________________________________ _______________________________________ 8 _______________________________________ _______________________________________
Complete the definitions with the words in the box. annoyed bored confusing depressing embarrassed interesting relaxed surprising 1 keeping your attention because it is unusual or exciting _________ 2 feeling unhappy because you aren’t interested in what is happening _________ 3 feeling shy or ashamed _________ 4 unexpected or unusual _________ 5 difficult to understand _________ 6 a little angry about something _________ 7 making you feel unhappy and disappointed _________ 8 not stressed or anxious _________
2
Choose the correct option to complete the text.
Things to do on National Random Acts of Kindness Day
• Donate to an (1) amazed / amazing cause you care about – no matter how little the donation! • Leave a (2) surprised / surprising positive message for someone: maybe at the bus stop? • Offer to buy the next customer’s coffee at your local café, but ignore the barista’s (3) shocked / shocking face! • Take a minute to ask a delivery driver about their day – they won’t be (4) expected / expecting it! • Write an email to an old teacher thanking them for all the (5) interested / interesting things they taught you and saying how you were never (6) bored / boring in their class. • Ask your neighbours if you can help them with dog sitting – but remember to show them how much you like their dog so they are not (7) worried / worrying about leaving it with you. • Generally, try to be more (8) relaxed / relaxing and calm around other people – you will soon see the difference! 192 Unit 2 Enjoy the ride
Narrative forms > SB pp. 24–25 5
Complete the table with the correct form of the verbs.
Infinitive Past simple Past continuous Past perfect go was/were running talk had sat was/were taking fly was/were catching
Grammar 6
7
Choose the correct option to complete the minidialogues. 1 A What did you read when you were at the beach last summer? B I read / had read a book by Barbara Kingsolver. 2 A When did you last listen to a podcast? B While I was walking / had walked to school. 3 A How much money did he have when he went into town? B He was having / had £100. 4 A Did you use / used to see your grandparents a lot? B Yes, we saw / used to saw them every summer. 5 A Does Pete have a boat? B He used / use to have one, but after a year he had sold / sold it. 6 A Were you trying / Had you tried pineapple pizza before we went to Pizza Palace last night? B No, I hadn’t tried / wasn’t trying it before. 7 A How many times did you take / taken the exam? B I took / was taking it twice before I finally passed. 8 A Did you like living in Los Angeles? B It was great! I used / use to walk along the beach every day. Rewrite each sentence using the negative form. 1 When we went to Milan, we ate breakfast at the hotel every day. When we went to Milan, _____________________ every day. 2 My classmates were taking the exam when I got to class. My classmates ____________________________ when I got to class. 3 She made a lot of new friends when she studied in China. _______________________________________ when she studied in China. 4 I was looking for a book by Neil Gaiman. ___________________________ by Neil Gaiman. 5 I’d eaten my lunch by the time Jack arrived. _______________________________________ by the time Jack arrived. 6 They were working in the garden when their neighbour came to say hello. _______________________________________ when their neighbour came to say hello. 7 I used to work at a bank. _______________________________________ 8 Renting an apartment in the city used to be so expensive. _______________________________________
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2
Complete the text with the most appropriate form of the verbs in brackets.
In his last year at school, Mike (1) _________ (get) an opportunity to do a course at a local university. He felt like he (2) _________ (study) all the time, taking exams at school and university! Mike (3) _________ always _________ (enjoy) biology and chemistry in school and (4) _________ (want) to learn more about biochemistry. He’ (5) _________ (talk) to some of his friends who (6) _________ (do) courses at the university while they (7) _________ (be) still at school, and they all (8) _________ (say) that they (9) _________ (learn) a lot. Mike (10) _________ (be) a bit worried that his schedule might be too full, but he (11) _________ (not mind) because he (12) _________ (love) the university classes, and especially being able to use the university library. By the end of his course, he (13) _________ (tell) so many of his friends about his great experience that they all (14) _________ (decide) to take classes at the university, too. 9
Now complete the sentences about yourself using suitable past forms. 1 My favourite subject in primary school __________ ______________________________________. 2 I had never tried __________________________ ______________________________________. 3 Before I _________________________________ ______________________________________. 4 I was watching TV the other day when __________ ______________________________________. 5 The first thing I did when I woke up today ________ ______________________________________. 6 I didn’t use to _____________________________, but now I do. Unit 2 Enjoy the ride
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2
Competences
READING 1
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2 3
4 5 2
Think first Answer the questions before you read the text. 1 Look at the photo. What can you see? 2 Read the title of the text. What does it mean? 3 How do you think this might affect the way you travel?
Carbon labelling
In the past we booked holidays on the basis of cost, facilities and services offered. Now imagine comparing the carbon emissions of a holiday, rather than the size of the breakfast 5 buffet or the number of infinity pools. That is what carbon labels can do, and travellers are embracing this change. Research from Booking.com’s 2021 Sustainable Travel Report found that 43% of nearly 30,000 people 10 surveyed wanted to travel more sustainably in the future. While, 64% of travellers said they wanted to stay in ‘sustainable accommodation’ in the year ahead. Much Better Adventures was the first 15 international travel company to introduce this concept in 2021. Sam Bruce, its cofounder, thinks that carbon labels on holidays should be like calorie counts on food. To ensure that this was not simply greenwashing*, a carbon consultant verifies their carbon labels. They include the carbon emissions from all local transport, accommodation, activities, guides, staff and office operations. So each trip has its own carbon footprint, 20 which the company can then try and reduce. For Much Better Adventures, this does not include flights and travel to the destination, because they do not sell these. As flights make up most of the carbon footprint for trips, in future we will need to look for low-carbon alternatives, such as trains instead of planes. Pura Aventura, another UK-based travel company, has taken a different approach to sustainability. It has developed a live tool, built into its database. This means that the company doesn’t just measure the trip itself, but includes the travel to get 25 there, door-to-door. You input your postcode into the system and add the airport and type of flight, and it calculates the journey and the amount of carbon produced. However, both companies know that carbon labelling is only part of the story. It’s one thing to compare carbon labels for different holidays, but the real goal for businesses is to offset* and reduce emissions wherever possible. Thomas Power of Pura Aventura says his company aims to do this for their customers, by planting enough trees to absorb double the 30 amount of carbon emitted from their trips. They are also funding rewilding* projects, rural community development projects, and employing locals*. In order for tourism to become more sustainable, there needs to be a move towards slow travel, greenwashing ambientalismo di facciata with an emphasis on local providers and fewer, longer trips. But it’s a good place to start, and it offset compensare (le emissioni) rewilding rinaturalizzazione looks like the wider world may soon follow suit. locals persone del posto
Read the text again. Are the sentences true (T), false (F) or is the information not given (NG)? 1 People chose holiday based on price and quality in the past. 2 Much Better Adventures invented the concept of labelling carbon emissions for travel. 3 They calculate the carbon emissions on travel to and from destinations. 4 Pura Aventura can work out the total carbon footprint of your trip. 5 Pura Aventura has already reduced the carbon emissions on their trips. 6 Sustainable tourism requires more, shorter trips.
194 Unit 2 Enjoy the ride
Competences 3
4
Now choose the correct option. 1 What will people look for when booking a holiday in the future? A carbon emissions B good prices C nearby destinations D sustainable breakfasts 2 What percentage of people surveyed wanted to travel more sustainably? A 21% C 43% B 30% D 64% 3 What does the co-founder of Much Better Adventures compare carbon labels to on food? A allergy information B energy value C ingredient list D safety messages 4 Which carbon emissions are not part of Much Better Adventures’ carbon labels? A accommodation B activities C flights D guides 5 What information must you give the Pura Aventura online tool to calculate your carbon footprint? A departure address B local weather C luggage weight D travel date 6 What do both companies agree on? A abandoning offsets B eliminating flights C fining businesses D reducing emissions 7 What does Pura Aventura plan to do to offset carbon emissions? A go ticketless B plant more trees C rewild its resorts D swap to trains Match the words (1-8) with their definitions (a-h). 1 accommodation a buildings and equipment 2 activities b how much you pay 3 cost c how you get around 4 facilities d people who show you around 5 guides e things you need 6 journey f travel from one place to another 7 transport g what you do 8 services h where you stay
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LISTENING Listening Tip When you listen to a dialogue, try to understand what the relationship between the speakers is, where they are and what they are doing. 5
Listen and answer the questions. 1 Who are the two people? _______________________________________ 2 Where are they? _______________________________________ 3 What are they talking about? _______________________________________
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02 Listen again and decide if the sentences are true (T) or false (F). Correct the false ones. 1 The woman uses her phone. 2 The man offers to take the woman to the Stratton Building. 3 The man checks his phone for directions. 4 It’s easier to walk there than take the metro. 5 You have to walk straight on until Central Boulevard, then turn left. 6 You can see the building from the park.
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Listen to six short announcements or dialogues. Choose the correct situation in the box for each recording. There are two extra.
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03
airport boarding gate bus ticket office duty free shop hotel reception on a cruise on a train underground station walking tour 1 _____________ 2 _____________ 3 _____________ 8
4 _____________ 5 _____________ 6 _____________
03 Listen again and decide in which situation customers (1-6): A are standing in a square. __ B are travelling west. __ C are going to Amsterdam. __ D book a taxi. __ E buy return tickets. __ F must stand clear of the doors. __
Unit 2 Enjoy the ride
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Summative Revision 1-2 VOCABULARY
GRAMMAR
Revision of describing emotions; travel; suffixes (-ment, -ness and -ion); compound nouns; adjectives (-ed / -ing).
Revision of present & past tenses; subject & object questions.
1
Read the definitions and complete the adjectives. 1 not able to understand: c _ _ _ _ _ _ d 2 feeling frightened: s _ _ _ _ d 3 feeling happy and calm: r _ _ _ _ _ d 4 unhappy because you are not with other people: l _ _ _ _ y 5 angry or impatient: a _ _ _ _ _ d 6 worried and unable to relax: s _ _ _ _ _ _ d 7 ashamed or shy: e _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ d 8 very pleased: d _ _ _ _ _ _ _ d
2
Match the things (1–6) to the places (a–f) where you would find them. a shopping centre 1 public transport a an amusement park 2 a lot of offices b a rooftop 3 a clothing store c a skyscraper 4 a rollercoaster d an underground station 5 an urban garden e a viewpoint 6 beautiful scenery f
3
Are the sentences true (T) or false (F)? Correct the false ones. 1 A destination is where you begin your journey. 2 An expedition is usually a short trip. 3 If you commute, your journey to work may take a long time. 4 An excursion is usually a short trip for sightseeing or relaxing. 5 If you give someone a lift, you take them somewhere. 6 A cruise is a journey on a train.
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Complete the sentences. Use the correct noun form or adjective form (-ing or -ed) of the words in brackets. 1 It’s _____________ (interest) that in Norway, you always eat with a knife and fork, even a sandwich! 2 In Egypt, a host might be _____________ (annoy) if you add salt: it means you don’t like their food. 3 In Korea, it could be _____________ (terrify) for someone if you write a person’s name in red ink. It means that the person is dead. 4 In the Netherlands, you might be _____________ (worry) if you get scissors as gifts. It’s unlucky. 5 In Venezuela, it’s _____________ (surprise) to arrive on time for a party. Who arrives early seems too eager. 6 In Russia, a person is _____________ (confuse) if you give yellow flowers. It means that you want to break up with them!
196 Summative Revision
5
Use the prompts to write questions in the Past simple. 1 What / they / decide / do / ? 2 What time / you / go / gym / yesterday / ? 3 Whose / daughter / play / the piano / ? 4 How many / friends / she / invite / party / ? 5 What / he / ask / Jenna / ? 6 What / make / you / feel / embarrassed / when / you / are / child / ? 7 How many / students / pass / exam / ? 8 What time / get up / this morning / ?
6
There is a mistake in each sentence. Rewrite each one using the correct form of the words in bold. 1 I was fell asleep in class yesterday. It was so boring. 2 Last week he have studied at the library for eight hours every day. He was really exhausted. 3 Has you ever being on such an exciting trip? 4 Leopold had came home at midnight yesterday. His mother was very worried. 5 They were shocked when they had heard the news. 6 Mr Pendleton just tells Karina that she didn’t win the award. It’s such disappointing news. 7 He hadn’t telling me his secret until today. It’s amazing that he’s going to Morocco for the summer! 8 Did you ever play in a band in your life?
7
Choose the correct option. 1 ____ it a disappointing film? A Was C Did B Was being D Had been 2 I ____ my neighbour to look after my house while I ____ away on holiday. A asking, am C asked, was B was asked, was D ask, had been 3 Were they ____ to the party when they ____ Meg? A been driving, had called C drive, were calling B drove, called D driving, called 4 It ____ a difficult exam but Simon ____ most of the answers. A had been, was knowing C was, had know B was, knew D had been, known 5 Renting an apartment in the city didn’t ____ to cost so much. A used C had been B use D being 6 I had ____ seen Buckingham Palace ____, so my friends and I decided to go. A never, before C for, ever B before, yet D ever, before
Summative Revision PRELIMINARY PREPARATION READING & USE OF ENGLISH 1
Part 5 Read the text below and choose the correct option. (1) C Where do you usually eat lunch? I sometimes (2) ____ to the café on Oxford Road. I (3) ____ the university canteen, but the food (4) ____ taste as good. I prefer (5) ____ sandwiches at lunchtime, and the café (6) ____ much more choice. It also sells really (7) ____ salads. However, it takes me twenty minutes to (8) ____ there. So I’ve started (9) ____ my own food. I (10) ____ saving for a trip to Australia next summer, so this way I can economise too! 1 2 3 4 5
A What A go A had tried A aren’t A ate
B When B going B have tried B doesn’t B eat
C Where C to go C tried C didn’t C eating
D Why D went D was trying D isn’t D to eat
6 A has B is having 7 A disgusting B interesting 8 A go for B go 9 A bring B brings 10 A am B are
C has had D had C surprising D worrying C get to D get C brought D to bring C was D were
WRITING 2
Part 1 Write these sentences so they mean the same as the first. Use no more than three words. 1 I was surprised to see so many people on the flight. It __________________________ there were so many people on the flight. 2 Do any of you want to come camping this weekend? Who __________________________ camping this weekend? 3 Travelling abroad was much cheaper when we were young. It __________________________ be so expensive to travel abroad. 4 We were running to catch the train when it left the station. The train __________________________ we ran into the station. 5 Was that the first time you visited Madrid? Had __________________________ Madrid before?
3
Part 3 This is part of a letter you received from an English friend.
I usually go to the gym in my lunch hour, so I just eat a sandwich that I buy from the local café. The problem is I still feel hungry in the afternoon. What about you? Do you sit down to each lunch? Now write a letter, telling your friend about your lunchtime habits in about 100 words. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Preliminary Preparation
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