Defining and non-defining relative clauses grammar
A defining relative clause defines or gives essential information about a noun. The Myeong-dong area has dozens of shops that sell the latest fashions . The spring and fall are the seasons when most people come to visit. A non-defining relative clause gives optional information about a noun and cannot begin with the pronoun that. Notice the use of commas. The restaurants here stay open until midnight, when many locals are still enjoying dinner. Beijing has many popular tourist attractions, which include the Great Wall of China. Grammar Plus: See page 110.
A Look at the starting point on page 18 again. Can you find more relative clauses? B Underline the relative clauses in the sentences and add commas where necessary. Write D for a defining and ND for a non-defining relative clause. ND l. Bangkok, which is the capital of Thai~, has many excellent restaurants and markets. 2. Hong Kong was a British colony until 1997 when it was returned to China. 3. Busan is a busy port city that is located in South Korea. 4. Bogota which is situated on a high plateau in central Colombia has frequently changing weather. _
5. Montreal is a sophisticated city where some of the best cuisine in Canada is found. 6. Sao Paulo which is the biggest city in Brazil is also one of the world's most populated cities.
C Join the sentences using non-defining relative clauses. Then compare answers. l. Gaud! also designed Barcelona's Park GUell. You can see fabulous sculptures there.
2. Seoul's name comes from the ancient word Seorabeol. Seorabeol means capital. 3. The center of Beijing is Tiananmen Square. It is the world's largest public square. 4. A great time to visit Seoul is in the fall. This is when Korean people celebrate the Chuseok festival. 5. Japanese restaurants are now popular in Barcelona. They have started appearing in recent years. 6. Australia's first European settlers came to Sydney in the 1700s. They were originally from Great Britain.
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A great place to visit
. k" A Which of the cities on page 18 would you like to visit? Write three sentences .pea mg explaining your reasons. Use relative clauses where appropriate. B",vcelc~",
is '" cit-)' t-l,..",t- II J. li\c.e t-c visit- 'bec"'lAse ...
B Pair work Tell your partner which city you'd like to visit and why.
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Popular destinations
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