1.3 STRUCTURE OF REPORT

The quantitative analysis began by identifying the ‘target area’ across Norfolk, Suffolk, Essex, Kent and East Sussex1 using the English indices of deprivation (2019). The statistics (Index of Multiple Deprivation) were used to access, at lower layer super output areas (LSOA) level, areas which fell within the top 20% most deprived areas2 in the country. The areas in the top 20% and connected to a coast or estuary were selected (see figure 1). To aid statistical analysis and viability of recommendations, the identified LSOAs were broadened to towns and built-up areas (BUAs). However, due to limited data at this level, most analysis was performed at a district level. The target areas identified are:

• Norfolk: Kings Lynn and Great Yarmouth. • Suffolk: Ipswich, Felixstowe and Lowestoft. • Essex: Manningtree/Mistley, Harwich, Clacton on Sea, Jaywick, Southend on Sea, Canvey Island and

Tilbury. • Kent: Isle of Sheppey, Dartford, Gravesend, Margate, Ramsgate, Gillingham Dover, Folkestone, and

Dungeness3 . • East Sussex: Eastbourne, Bexhill, Hastings, and Camber.

The areas form the focus for this report and the following quantitatively analysis and mapping4 . The data was sourced from the ONS 2018-2020 life expectancies data, NOMIS Business Register and employment survey (BRES), Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings (ASHE) and the indices of deprivation (2019).

In the report, there are four sets of location quotient analysis mapping low-pay sectors, tourist businesses, energy sector and creative and cultural sectors. Location Quotients (figures 2,3,8 and 9) demonstrate the concentration of businesses operating in a particular sector relative to the English average. A score of one indicates a concentration equal to the England average. Details of the data used can be found in the appendix.

An ‘area of opportunities’ map showing low carbon energy and port and maritime infrastructure was developed to highlight the significant potential in this area for the Eastern Arc region. The information was gathered from various sources and adapted in part from Wind Energy Network Magazine and 4C Offshores 2021 map.

1.3 STRUCTURE OF REPORT

Over the next five chapters, the report will consider levelling up and explore the challenges, benefits, and opportunities of living on the coastal edges. Chapter two examines what levelling up is, the difficulties in measurement and definition and potential policy implications.

In chapters three and four, the challenges of coastal living are investigated qualitatively and quantitatively covering issues around people (deprivation and labour markets, education and skills, and health inequalities) and places (declining industries, infrastructure, housing, and the environment).

Chapter five discusses the considerable opportunities for CTCs, many of which are connected to their geography and histories. The opportunities surround health and wellbeing, tourism, creative and cultural industries, green industries and maritime industries.

1 There are 43 districts which make up Norfolk, Suffolk, Essex, Kent and East Sussex. 2 Government guidelines for using the indices of deprivation suggest using between 10% to 30% to identify deprived areas. 3 Limited data available for Dungeness due to its small size. 4 To create statistical maps of the area, ArcPro GIS software was used.

Lastly, chapter six concludes the report by with recommendations.

Notably, whilst the report is organised thematically there are significant overlaps between issues creating cumulative impacts, and opportunities, for CTCs to contend with.