This publication resulted from an intensive and significant teamwork research with the support of the Turkana Scientific Research Group, characterised by the work methodology applied. It begins from an ‘on-site’ research developed on a scientific basis; local traditional knowledge is used when possible, but also ‘simple’ and ‘renewable’ innovative technologies. Activities concerning research and the monitoring of results in such an extreme environment represent an ‘open-air laboratory’ for experimenting with solutions that may be subsequently applied in other arid and semi-arid areas, and perhaps even in Mediterranean regions where desertification is a rapidly expanding phenomenon.