Design Realisation

Worshipful Company of Stationers and Newspaper Makers

University of Greenwich

Research Centre & Institute

for Worshipful Company of Stationers

Design Realisation: ARCT1063

Unit 17 De He 903530

00.1 Project Information

00.1 1

The ambition of this document is to illustrate a detailed report from Building Context, Delivery, Construction and Performance for the Headquarter of Stationers’ Company - City of London Livery Company for the Communications and Content Industries in London, United Kingdom.

Abstract

The report began with description and discussion of the design proposal and its initial inspiration driven from client’s ambitions and their religious heritage.

Client Worshipful Company of Stationers

DH

ARCHITECTS

Architect D H Architects Structural Engineer Mel Bax Design Consultants Melissa Clinch Harry Bucknall Digital Fabrication Callum Perry

Rupert Murdoch is CEO of the News Corporation and Liveryman of the Stationers’ Company who used to own the site in Wapping, London- the old News International Site now become the site for the project for Stationers’ New Headquarter.

As the design proposal continue to contribute to the printing and craft heritage, a integrated fabrication technology with modern building material selection will demonstrate in Building Construction section of the report, it will explore the transformation from design ambition to intricate interior details and building fragments.

Due to the scale and complexity of the project, the report will focus on Sanctuary Hall (Dining Hall) for Building Design, Construction and Performance, other sections such as Context and Delivery will demonstrate the overall building complex and landscape.

Sanctuary Hall (Dining Hall) Research Centre & Institute for Worshipful Company of Stationers Wapping, London UK

CONTENTS

1

00

Introduction

00.1

Project Information Abstract Contents

00.2

Project Description

19

01

Building Context

21

01.1

Site Location

23

01.2

Site History

25

01.3

Existing Land Uses and Conservation Context

28

01.4

Existing Landscape Context

29

01.5

Religious Context

31

01.6

Transportation and Links

33

01.7

Urban Design Proposal

41

02

Building Delivery

43

02.1

Client

47

02.2

Client’s Brief

49

02.3

Cost

51

02.4

Procurement

53

02.5

The Design Team

57

02.6

Design Programme

59

02.7

Risks (Design, Maintenance and Operation)

3

61

03

Building Performance (Sanctuary Hall)

63

03.1

Overall Performance Strategy

65

03.2 Environmental Control: Passive VentilationMix Mode

69

03.3

Lighting Strategy

71

03.4 Legislation and Statutory Requirements

75

04

77

04.1 Building Construction Strategy

83

04.2 Structural Strategy

85

04.3 Envelope Strategy and Details

91

04.4 Construction Strategy

97

05

References

99

06

Appendix

Building Construction (Sanctuary Hall)

Worshipful Company of Stationers and Newspaper Makers

00 Introduction

00.1 Project Information Contents 00.2 Project Description

1

2

00.2 Project Description

00.21

Stationers’ Company as Livery Companies which were first created by groups of medieval tradesmen who joined together to promote, protect and regulate their trades.

Design Concept

“600 years ago most craftsmen in London were itinerant. However the manuscript writers and illuminators decided to concentrate their efforts and set up stalls or ‘stations’ around St Paul’s Cathedral.

Because of this they were given the nickname ‘Stationers’ and this was the obvious choice of name for the guild they established in 1403.”

Stationers had regular rituals such as Annual Election followed by a formal dinner and members of the guild will witness, celebrate, and perform together at Stationer’s Hall throughout the centuries.

Temple of Prayer

As one of the proposal for Stationers’ Company’s Headquarter, Sanctuary Hall is proposed as Dining Hall for their regular ritual activities.

Conceptual sketch demonstrating ritualistic geometry as architectural elements

The Building Design (Sanctuary Hall) is fundamentally driven by Stationers’ ritual, and its geometry is reflection of the activities that the member’s participation and circulation movement spatially.

Fig 00.21a The Public Sphere and the Emergence of Copyright: Areopagitica, the Stationers’ Company, and the Statute of Anne The essay which detailed described the ritual event held by Stationers:

Diagram on the right illustrate the Worshipful Company of Stationers’ Election Ritual in order to transform the Design Theory to Building Design

3

“Joseph Moxon in his seventeenth century handbook for printing known as Moxon’s Mechanick Exercises.

Held on the occasion of the annual election of four stewards to represent the printers, the feast began with a formal procession from Stationers’ Hall to church led by four attendants with white staves in their hands and red and blue ribbons hung across their shoulders. After the church, the group returned to the hall for a formal meal accompanied by music.

Then the ceremony of election began with the four current stewards withdrawing from the hall to a chamber from which they returned led by the company beadle. Marching in order of seniority, each steward now wore a fresh garland of leaves and carried a long white wand. Each was preceded by an attendant who carried a bowl of sugared white wine in his right hand and his staff of office in the left. Three times the procession circled the hall; then the most senior steward took his attendant’s bowl, selected his successor from the assembled company, and crowning him with his garland of leaves, drank to him as ’master steward elect’. According to Moxon, there would be a great clapping of hands and drumming of feet to applaud the choice, after which the entire party would walk another round about the hall together with the newly elected steward, a ritual that was repeated three times until all four printers’ stewards for the year had been elected.” (Deazley, R., Kretschmer, M., & Bently, L. 2010)

Fig 00.21b Jean-Jacques Lequeu The “Temple consacré à l’Egalité” is composed of a globe emerging from a circular portico. In the huge empty interior, on the base, there is only a much smaller globe topped by a statue, a small sculptural composition in contrast to the immense void. This design was devised in the year II of the Revolution to glorify a revolutionary ideal.

The precedent below addresses the design research and theory for geometry and volume exploration

Worshipful Company of Stationers’ Election Ritual Diagram (Annueal Dinner / Feast followed by Election )

“chambers”

1st

First Floor

“Four stewards to represent the printers”

“According to Moxon, there would be a great clapping of hands and drumming of feet to applaud the choice, after which the entire party would walk another round about the hall together with the newly elected steward, a ritual that was repeated three times until all four printers’ stewards for the year had been elected.”

G

Ground Floor

-1

Basement

Sanctuary Hall

Conceptual Form Research from 2D geometry to 3D volume

Sanctuary Hall

Stationers’ Chapel

Stationers’ Chapel

The modelling research was based on the ritual diagram and reinterpretation of the architectural language from theory to spatial.

Ritual Activity 2D Diagram

Plan Cut Showing Negative Volume

Section Cut Showing Negative Volume Via Arched Direction with Circular Elements

Diagonal Section Cut Showing Intersectional and Booleaned Volumes

4

00.2 Project Description

Architectural Ritualistic Spaces have been the principle design drivers for Stationer’s Headquarter through buildings to landscape.

00.22 Precedent Inspirations

Studies

&

The diagrams on the right page exemplifies the relationship within a city and its ritualistic representation through axis, threshold and connection form outside to inside.

Sanctuary Hall is like a “Temple”, it is monumental to the Stationers’ Headquarter, it introduces the light and dark to the history and heritage of this 600 years old Guild in a modern day.

The Gardens for the building complex is inspired from the fundamental relationship of those ritualistic cities’ access, linear threshold, symmetrical geometries and focal points.

Louis Kahn’s design transfered the human relationship into the building spaces and connect them through a ritualistic approach, but achieved through a modern building material.

Southwest View of looking over the Garden of Dining towards Sanctuary Hall

Such Space stresses “the role of inspiration, an animation of a participant’s soul or spirit, which would motivate the formation of both institutions relevant to modern life and their architectural settings.” (Peter Kohane, 2001) LOUIS KAHN’S THEORY OF ‘INSPIRED RITUAL’ AND ARCHITECTURAL SPACE

Salk Institute California

Salk Institute California (Right) “building has become an emblem Exeter Library(Bottom) of tranquility in architecture” and “a Louis Kahn quality enhanced by the carefully planned symmetrical vistas overlooking the Pacific Ocean. Built in 1962 and declared a national historic landmark in 1991, Kahn designed the complex to express an underlying sense of spiritualism, fusing influences from both the International Style and Brutalism anchored by a gently flowing river through the center of the design. “ (Finn MacLeod, 2015)

Exeter Library

“Exeter Academy. Here, the student traverses an extensive path. He or she enters the building through the external arcade, passes up stairs to the Pantheon-like, top-lit central hall, where the surrounding books are displayed as an invitation to read. Stairs give access to the dark zone of the stacks, from which the reader selects a book and moves towards the light.” (Peter Kohane, 2001) 5

Fig 00.22a

Fig 00.22b

Fig 00.22c Temple of Heaven | Beijing

Fig 00.22d Forbidden City | Beijing

Fig 00.22e Holy City | Shrirangam

Fig 00.22f

Palmanova | Veneto 6

00.2 Project Description

00.23 Programme Organization

and

Site has chosen to be at wapping where the old news international print building was. The whole site has been designed and organised to accommodate the main building design complex with three main garden landscapes and reservoirs. Each Garden and Reservoir will serve one main theme which was created along the building programme and its particular function.

The building complex designed and placed on the axis that was decided from the beginning point of the St. George in the east Church towards ICC International maritime Bureau next to the Thames River.

Sanctuary Hall (Dining Hall)

Along the axis, appropriate design features such as ritualistic events will take place.

Landscape (Genius loci) is mainly driven from the inspirations of configurations of geometries that described as a certain ritual event.

7

8

Stationers’ Institute& Auditorium

Stationers’ Library & Archive

Stationers’ Chapel

00.2 Project Description

00.23 Programme Organization

The whole building complex design is based on ritualistic spatial qualities.

and

The building complex consists three main functional domains.

Chapel for worship with Garden of Prayer.

Institute for workshop, library and auditorium with Garden of Performance.

Sanctuary Hall, for Dinning and kitchen facilities.

Sanctuary Hall B- Gallery for Stationers’ Private CollectionPaintings, Prints, Sculptures, Books G- Dining Hall for Stationers, Concourse, Kitchen 1st- Individual Chambers for Stationers 2nd-Access to the Internal Platform from Individual Chambers 3rd-Meditation Room for Stationers

Sanctuary Hall Roof Plan View

N

Kitchen

Dinning Hall space

Sanctuary Hall Ground Level with Site Context 9

3

C

A - Hall Horizontal Circulation B - Centre of Hall for Dining C - Oval Entrance Aura D - Vertical Circulation to the Basement E - Chapel Centre for Worship F - Vertical Circulation to the 1st Floor G - Chapel Entrance / Access H - Four “Stewards”

A

G

B

D

E

F

G

Worshipful Co of Stationers’ Election Ritual Diagram (Annual Dinner/ Feast followed by election )

“an outward and visual guarantee of the moral propriety of proceedings”

H G

“It was through the maintenance of public displays of decorum and probity that the Stationers’ Company confirmed their authority and the authority of their printed productions.”

-1

Stationers’ Meditation Room

2

“an outward and visual guarantee of the moral propriety of proceedings” 1st

Sanctuary Hall

Stationers’ Chapel

“It was through the maintenance of public displays of decorum and probity that the Stationers’ Company confirmed their authority and the authority of their printed productions.”

“Then the ceremony of election began with the four current stewards withdrawing from the hall to a chamber from which they returned led by the company beadle. Marching in order of seniority, each steward now wore a fresh garland of leaves and carried a long white wand. Each was preceded by an attendant who carried a bowl of sugared white wine in his right hand and his staff of office in the left. Three times the procession circled the hall; then the most senior steward took his attendant’s bowl, selected his successor from the assembled company, and crowning him with his garland of leaves, drank to him as ’master steward elect’. ” G

Platform from Individual Chambers 1st

1 -1

6

Chapel Centre for Worship 2 3 Sanctuary Hall Vertical Circulation 4 Sanctuary Hall Ground Floor Entry Point Sanctuary Hall Centre of Dining Deazley, R., Kretschmer, M., & Bently, L. 2010. Privilege and Property: Essays on the History of Copyright. Open5Book Publishers. Retrieved from http://books.openedition.org/obp/1046 6 View via Garden of Dining

G

5

Sanctuary Hall

4

1

1 Stationers’ Chapel Sanctuary Hall Kitchen & Lounge

1st 2

3

Stationers’ Individual Chambers

G

-1

N

“Then the ceremony of election began with the four current stewards withdrawing from the hall to a chamber from which they returned led by the company beadle. Marching in order of seniority, each steward now wore a fresh garland of leaves and carried a long white wand. Each was preceded by an attendant who carried a bowl of sugared white wine in his right hand and his staff of office in the left. Three times the procession circled the hall; then the most senior steward took his attendant’s bowl, selected his successor from the assembled company, and crowning him with his garland of leaves, drank to him as ’master steward elect’. ” 6

G

5

4

1

1 2 3 4 5 6

1 6

5 Sanctuary Hall

4

Stationers’ Chapel

1st “According to Moxon, there would be a great clapping of hands and drumming of feet to applaud the choice, after which the entire party would walk another round about the hall together with the newly elected steward, a ritual that was repeated three times until all four printers’ stewards for the year had been elected.”

1st -1

3

2

2

3

1 Chapel Centre for Worship 2 Sanctuary Hall Kitchen & Lounge 3 Sanctuary Hall Vertical Circulation 4 Sanctuary Hall Ground Floor Entry 5 Point Sanctuary Hall Centre of Dining 6 View via Garden of Dining

G

B Sanctuary Hall

Stationers’ Chapel

G

“After the church, the group returned to the hall for a formal meal -1 accompanied by music.”

Stationers’ Gallery

“the feast began with a formal procession from Stationers’ Hall to church led by four attendants with white staves in their hands and red and blue ribbons hung across their shoulders.”

10 -1

Chap Sanc Sanc Sanc Sanc View

00.24

Drawings

Site Plan 1:500

11

Project Description

Lake of Galilee

Central Tranquil Spiritual Stream

Ritual Pavilion

Mountain of Zion

00.2

N

12

Garden of Prayer

Stationers’ Institute& Auditorium

Garden of Performance

Stationers’ Chapel

Stationers’ Library & Archive

Sanctuary Hall (Dining Hall)

Garden of Dining

00.2 Project Description

00.24 Key Drawings Basement Floor Plan 1:200 Ground Floor Plan 1:200

1

Stationers’ Gallery

2

B-Unisex Disable Toilet

3

Dining Hall

4

G-Unisex Disable Toilet

5

Stationer’s Kitchen

6

Stationers’ Chapel

7

Stationer’s Library

8

Garden of Dining

9

Garden of Prayer

10 Lake of Galilee

2 1

13

9

10

7

5 4

3

6

8

14

00.2 Project Description

00.25 Key Drawings Sanctuary Hall Plans Axonometric View Southwest Elevation in Perspective

1

Stationers’ Gallery

2

Dining Hall

3

Stationer’s Kitchen

4

Stationers’ Individual Chambers

5

Platform from Individual Chambers

6

Stationers’ Meditation Room

7

Mezzanine space

8

Glass lift

9

Protected Fire Escape Core

10 Internal Bridge Circulation

15

3rd

6

2nd

5

10 1st

9

7 4

8 Stationers’ Individual Chambers

G

3 2

B

1

Stationers’ Gallery

16

00.2 Project Description

00.24 Key Drawings Section AA 1:200 Section BB 1:200

1

Stationers’ Gallery

2

Dining Hall

3

Stationer’s Kitchen

4

Stationers’ Individual Chambers

5

Platform from Individual Chambers

6

Stationers’ Meditation Room

7

Mezzanine space

8

Glass lift

9

Protected Fire Escape Core

10 Internal Bridge Circulation

B A

A

B

17

Roof

30m

6

3rd

20m

2nd

10m

5

5

10

4 1st

4 8

10

5m

2 G

+_ 0m

Section BB 1:200

1 B

Roof

-5m

30m

6

3rd

20m

9 2nd

5

10m

4 1st

5m

10

7

10 8 2

G

+_ 0m

B

-5m

3

Section AA 1:200

18

Worshipful Company of Stationers and Newspaper Makers

01 Building Context

01.1 Site Location 01.2 Site History 01.3 Existing Land Uses and Conservation Context 01.4 Existing Landscape Context 01.5 Religious Context 01.6 Transportation and Links 01.7 Urban Design Proposal

19

20

01.1

The Site is located at north of RiverThames, which is inside of the administration boundary of London Borough of Tower Hamlets with neighbours St Katharine Docks and Tower Bridge.

Site Location

Grade 1 Listed Tobacco Dock Warehouse is located immediately to the east of the Site with a canal and Shadwell Basin further to the south.

Quay 430, a large gated residential development built in 90s located closely to the south boundary of the Site.

The Highway, a main road built in Roman times runs parallel along the north of the Site which provides an essential links to city of London.

02.11

21

St Pauls Shadwell

Shadwell Basin

Ornamental Canal

Tobacco Dock

Quay 430

The Highway

Thomas More Square

Roman Catholic Church of the English Martyrs

St Katharine Docks

Tower Bridge

St George In The East Church sits at northeast of the site and proposed building is lying along the axis from St George Church towards ICC International maritime Bureau next to the Thames River.

Tower of London

River Thames

St. Paul’s Cathedral

The Stationers Hall

Site Context -East London

St George In The East Church

Wilton’s Music Hall

Strangers Rest Mission Evangelical Church

St Peter’s Church, London Docks

Site Context-Wapping Significant Architecture and Religious Buildings that located nearby the Site.

Saint Patrick’s Catholic Church Wapping

The Site drawing illustrated the relationship between those buildings and the site which is one of the design drivers for urban and building proposal.

22

01.2 Site History

01.21 History development of the site

In 17th century, a popular land use to the perimeter of the city boundaries was horticulture. Most local histories remark replied onthe substantial amount of market gardening which supported London’s growing population at that time but not too many of the nursery gardeners.

There was only one wet dock was located within contact with London in 18th century, later on, two projects commenced to secure Parliamentary backing. With London’s second dock system opening in 1805. It was proposed to build a dock most close to the city which in result of massive clearance of population- A 20 acre dock with a wall by warehouse.

Fig 01.21a, 1882 Reynolds Map of the East End.

The Site has a strong maritime history, it is located at the heart of the once-thriving London Docks. Throughout the 19th century, high-value commodities such as ivory, spirits, coffee and wool would arrive from all over the world. When it was completed, the London Dock occupied about ninety acres, consisting of Western Dock, Eastern Dock and the smaller Tobacco Dock.

It used to be three links from western docks to the river Thames; Hermitage Basin, Wapping Basin, and a route through via Shadwell Basin now is only one connect to the river.

Fig 01.21b, Wapping Dispute 1986 “The Wapping dispute was, along with the miners’ strike of 1984-5, a significant turning point in the history of the trade union movement and of UK industrial relations. It started on 24 January 1986 when some 6,000 newspaper workers went on strike after protracted negotiation with their employers, News International (parent of Times Newspapers and News Group Newspapers, and chaired by Rupert Murdoch).”

Fig 01.21h, New International 2012 23

Rupert Murdoch’s News International Site developed through mid 80s and occupied it for around 25 years. It was once called ‘Fortress Wapping’, the Site was home to the company’s printing presses and editorial staff.

In 2005 News International began to move the Site, announcing regional printing bases throughout the country. All printing finished on site in 2008, with remaining staff being relocated into neighbouring office complex Thomas More Square in 2011.

Fig 01.21c, “The Parish of St. John’s Wapping with inset map indicating its relative location within Eastern London” (c.1720).

Fig 01.21d, “The West India Docks were the first to be opened (1800-02), followed shortly by the massive London Docks complex, begun on the marshes of Wapping in 1801.”

Fig 01.21e, 1852 Watkins Map of Wapping

Fig 01.21f, former News International HQ and offices of News of the World in Wapping Fig 01.21g, “A general view of the former News International site in Wapping which is currently being demolished on June 25, 2014 in London, England.

In 2010 News International moved to Thomas More Square and their old home, the 15 acre site in Wapping, sold for £150 million to the Berkeley Group in 2012, who have since won planning permission at the start of the year to build up to 1800 new homes as well as a new school.”

24

01.3 Existing Land Uses and Conservation Context

01.31

The Site is surrounded by predominantly residential buildings, especially to the south. The large office development Thomas More Square is located across Vaughan Way to the west of the Site and consists several shops and retail buildings from the ground level

Existing Land Uses Immediate surrounding existing buildings

Mix-use

“The Grade I Listed Tobacco Dock to the east is currently used as a multi-functional venue. Planning permission for a 242 room hotel immediately north of Tobacco Dock Warehouse on Pennington Street was granted on 7th February 2012” (LBTH Ref)

Place of worship

Several educational facilities such as St Paul’s C. of E. and Shapla Primary Schools. Which are located to the north of the Site across The Highway.

Residential

Community facilities

Shops/Commercial

Local landmark

Office 3 Schools and nurseries

1 5

Key Buildings & Community facilities 1

St George in the East Church

2 4 6

25

2

Tobacco Dock Warehouse

3

Wiltons Music Hall

4

Thomas More Square

5

Tobacco Dock Hotel site

6

Quay 430

01.3 Existing Land Uses and Conservation Context

01.32

The Site itself does not locate within a conservation area,But with several in close proximity. St George in the East Conservation Area is located to the north east and encompasses the Grade I Listed St George inthe East Church and its grounds.

Conservation Context

The Wilton’s Music Hall Conservation Area is situated to the north west and includes several Listed buildings of different grades. To the west of the Site is The Tower Conservation Area, a significantly larger area containing the Grade I Listed Tower of London and Tower Bridge.

The Wapping Pierhead and Wapping Wall Conservation Areas to the south east of the Site contains several Grade II buildings along the north bank of the River Thames.

The Grade I Listed Tobacco Dock, which is currently being used as a multi-functional venue, locates immediately to the east of the Site. The only Listed structure within the Site boundary is Pennington Street Warehouse, which has Grade II Listed status.

Grade I Listed Grade II* Listed Grade II Listed

8 5

Conservation Areas

1

2

6

The Tower 2

Wiltons Music Hall

3 9

3

St George in the East

4

Wapping Pierhead

1 7

5

Myrdle Street

6

Albert Gardens

7

Wapping Wall

8

Commercial Road

9

St Pauls Church

4

26

01.3 Existing Land Uses and Conservation Context

01.33 Site Photos

27

01.4 Existing Landscape Context

01.41 Immediate Surrounding Green Space

Because the Site’s relationship to the City of London, there is limited public green space to the west.

The majority of green areas around St Katharine Docks are communal gardens serving residential developments.

St George in the East Garden’s are one of Tower Hamlets’ least known historic public Gardens. It is located on the Highway with entrances from Cable Street. The former churchyard grounds were surrounded by the Nicholas Hawksmoor designed Church of St George-in-the-East. They were opened Wapping Woods is a key local green space linking to the public in 1875. The Gardens are 1.19 hectares Tobacco Dock to Shadwell Basin. in size.

There are several public green spaces to the north of Other key green spaces in the area include Wapping the Site across the Highway. Swedenborg Gardens Gardens and Wapping Rose Gardens are also design is segregate from The Highway by a fence with tress drivers for the Urban Ritual in the next chapter. serving the residential blocks.

Key Green Space

1

Wapping Woods

2

St George in the East Churchyard Gardens

3

Swedenborg Gardens

4

Wapping Gardens

5

Wapping Rose Gardens

6

Waterside Gardens

7

St John’s Churchyard

8

Hermitage Riverside Memorial Garden

2 3

1

4 8 7

5 6

28

01.5 Religious Context

01.51 Immediate Surrounding Religious Archietcture and other figures

St George in the East Church was designed by Nicholas Hawksmoor who had reinterpreted Rome’s Baroque Architecture and had designed many any significant churches in London and it demonstrated a series of unique British Baroque Architecture.

The proposal of Stationer’s Headquarter which its design drive started form geometries to ritualistic representation. It is like Borromini who utilised the configuration of geometries rather like Bernini who used the proportion of the human body to design buildings.

The religious context, especially the St George in the East Church is key figure to the Stationers’ Dinning Hall, the masterplan of the headquarter sits on the axis beginning from St George towards ICC International maritime Bureau next to the Thames River which defines the urban ritual proposal in the next chapter.

Strangers Rest Evangelical Church

Mission

Wilton’s Music Hall “Wilton’s is a place of artistic distinction and diversity; a hive of activity anchored by an historic building with soul and a heart - a place to experience and interact with.”

Its Architectural setting and current functional use is another significant urban ritual proposal influence.

Saint Patrick’s Catholic Church Wapping

29

St George in the East Church The diagrams on this page illustrated the significant architectural figures, façade, height and its scale towards the site context and its skyline.

Wilton’s Music Hall

Saint Dunstan in the East Church

Roman Catholic Church of the English Martyrs

Tower Bridge

St Peter’s Church, London Docks

St Pauls Shadwell

30

01.6 Transportation and Links

nections to the City, and the route D3 go through Tobacco Dock and provides a link to the Docklands and Canary Wharf.

The Highway is a significant barrier to pedestrian movement within the local area. A Busy road, it has four lane roads with few safe pedestrian crossing points. The road provides essential east-west links between the City and the Docklands and beyond.

Shadwell, Wapping, Tower Gateway and Tower Hill stations are all approximately a 10-15 minute walk away, it provids rail links over 4 London Underground and Overground lines.

National Rail station London Underground station Cycle docking station

Cycle ‘Superhighway Bus routes National Rail line 5/10 minute walking zones Pedestrian crossings

31

5 minute walk (400m)

10 minute walk (800m)

Tower Gateway

Fenchurch Street

Tower Hill

There are no bus routes passing the Site from The Highway. Bus route 100 passes the western boundary of the Site along Vaughan Way providing con-

The Site is also served by the TfL cycle hire scheme, it has docking stations on both Pennington Street and Vaughan Way. The Site provides very good cycling facilities with the Cycle Superhighway 3 (CS3), which runs from Barking to Tower Gateway, along Cable Street, north of the Site. It is linked to the Site via Dock Street and Vaughan Way. The Site currently addressed a significant barrier for movement in the area. Redevelopment of the Site gives an opportunity to improve east to west, and north to south connectivity.

Wapping

Transport and Movement

The Site Diagram demonstrated the local movement network including key roads, public transport routes, cycle facilities and pedestrian crossings.

Shadwell

01.61

32

01.7 Urban Design Proposal

01.71

Phase 01 | Garden Rituals

Urban Ritual Morphology Analysis and Landscape Strategy

Garden Rituals are a series of geometric and sacral landscape design through creating public spaces for the local communities who are religious or with no religion.

“The epic story of humans taking possession of the land and shaping communities through the act of building”

Its purpose is coherent with Pavilions Rituals as well as providing an unique experience for the public.

-Spiro Kostof

By introducing Garden Rituals, its setting acted as a sacral movement and it became monumental towards the other gardens in the region. Again it is designed to re-connect the story and history of Wapping through symbols, geometries, threshold and water.

Its function not only provide the general visual pleasure but also allowing meditation, worship, performance, even ceremonial events in the open public space which to attract wider anticipation through Wapping to the rest of London.

Phase 02 | Pavilions Rituals By applying digital fabrication to generate selected details from historical architecture such as St George in the East and Wilton’s Music Hall’s Façade, then use it as interpretation of the language of the classical architecture. Installation is designed and inspired from its geometry, form and material.

Pavilions Rituals are installations which both exhibit and store the historical memories of the architectures in Wapping, its purpose become scenarios which trace the origin of architectural spaces in connection to rituals. Through technology and fabrication to recreate the form and story of the ancient architecture to celebrate the meaning of the buildings. To also explore the human values as well as emphasising its sacral functions and settings.

33

Pattern Urban Rituals

Residential Mix-use

Rhythm

Office Shops | Commercial Religious Local Landmark Education

Behaviour

Beliefs

Fig 1.081a

Pavilions Rituals

Phase 02

Celebration

PHASE 02

Fig 1.081b

Fig 1.081f

Fig 1.081c

Fig 1.081d

Garden Rituals

Fig 1.081e

Ceremony Fig 1.081g

Fig 1.081j

Location Fig 1.081h

Phase 01

PHASE 01

Fig 1.081i

B A

C

PH E AS

A Swedenborg Gardens B St. George’s Gardens C Wapping Woods

D

G

E Wapping Rose Gardens

F

E

01

D Wapping Gardens

PHASE 02

F St John’s Churchyard G Hermitage Riverside Memorial Garden

34

01.7 Urban Design Proposal

01.72

A

-Sunday Holy Communions.

Urban Ritual Concept

-Location for outdoor ritual activities such as Full Moon Annual Dinner and Summer Charitable afternoon tea

-Sacred space for meditation and solitude.

B

-Private education facilities for young stationers and members.

E

-Indoor ritual space especially designed for members of Worshipful Company of Stationers and -Institution focus on innovative printing technique Makers which also hold meetings, conferences and research, which also provide exclusive invited talks prizing giving ceremonies. from Masters across London from livery companies.

C

-Workshop provided for printing experiments which assisting and supporting the current research from -The location has chosen to be at St George’s Church the institute.

Yard where to provide the particular programme for theatrical performance regarding to the biblical F stories as well as worshipping.

-Christian Ritual for memory of “Wapping Dispute”.

D -Pavilion designed for ritual activities to remember -Place for worship and appreciation of the God’s the people who have been suffered, hurt or lost their work which focus on the production of print works, lives during the historical event almost 30 years ago prayers for Members’ relationship with God and taken place at News International Plant. society.

C

F

E

D B

A

35

F| “Fortress Ritual” for Wapping

D| Chapel

B| Dining Hall

A| Outdoor Dining Ritual Garden

C| “Mystery Play” Theatre and Pavilion

E| Worshipful Company of Stationers Research Institute and Workshop

36

01.7 Urban Design Proposal (Site Analysis)

01.73

Platform B and C cantilever above Ornamental Canal overlooking east and west side of Wapping

Ritualistic ResponseView Viewing platforms along the proposed axis through site overlooking Wapping and London

A

C

Platform D as the end point of the axis to overlooking ThamesRiver cross Wapping and London

01.74 Ritualistic ResponseAccess Entry points via axis to the proposed building site

37

D

B

“Platform A” as beginning of the axis from St George’s Church in the East looking linearly through axis across the whole site and proposed routes

01.7 Urban Design Proposal (Site Analysis)

01.75 Ritualistic ResponseAxis Proposed Axis through site intersecting with main roads in Wapping

01.76 Ritualistic ResponseTraffic

Proposed Building site as Central point on the axis across the site

Proposed Urban Road insertion at St George’s Site

Proposed urban platform as theend of the journey of the axis overlooking Thames River and London

Proposed urban platform as the end of the journey of the axis overlooking Thames River and London

38

01.7 Urban Design Proposal

01.77 Urban Ritual Masterplan

39

40

Worshipful Company of Stationers and Newspaper Makers

02 Building Delivery

02.1 Client 02.2 Client’s Brief 02.3 Cost 02.4 Procurement 02.5 The Design Team 02.6 Design Programme 02.7 Risks (Design, Maintenance and Operation)

41

42

02.1 Client

02.11 Brief History of Stationers’ Company

The Stationers’ Company is City of London Livery Company for the Communications and Content Industries.

The company’s service including paper, print, publishing, packaging, office products, newspapers, broadcasting and online media.

There are 90% of their members work in, or supply, in these industry sectors.

With 600 years of history that the Company remains determined to continue to adapt to the everincreasing pace of change in the media industry.

Fig 02.11a “Liverymen of the Worshipful Company of Stationers on their annual Ash Wednesday parade to St Paul’s Cathedral.”

London, 22nd February 1939.

The Worshipful Company of Stationers and Newspaper Makers Stationers’ Hall Ave Maria Lane London EC4M 7DD

Fig 02.11b 43

Livery Companies were first created by groups of medieval tradesmen who joined together to promote, protect and regulate their trades There are 110 livery companies in London, each representing a discrete profession or trade.

Their donation activities are focused on education that connects young people with their industries.

600 years ago most craftsmen in London were itinerant. But the manuscript writers and illuminators made decision to concentrate on their efforts and to set up stalls or ‘stations’ around St Paul’s Cathedral. The guild was established in 1403. (“The Stationers’ Company”)

SITE

Master

St. Paul’s Cathedral Liverymen Stationers Hall Court Freeman

Wardens

Assistants The Worshipful Co Of Stationers & Newspaper Makers

Apprentices

Religious Festivals with Ceremonies

Close ties with the Church in Rome

London’s ancient and modern trade associations and guilds

Networking opportunities

Charitablegiving 44

02.1 Client

02.12 Printing, Craft and Members

In 15th century, the Stationers embraced printing well when it just came to England. Meanwhile they have continued to adapt to the many changes in the Communications and Content industries ever since.

Stationers’ Company has more than 900 members, and the majority of them are senior executives in trades within the Communications and Content industries, from paper, print, publishing, packaging, office products, newspapers, broadcasting and online media.

Fig 02.12a “Liverymen of the Worshipful Company of Stationers on their annual Ash Wednesday parade to St Paul’s Cathedral, London, 6th March 1935. After the service each receive six spiced buns and a drink of ale.” (Getty Images,2012)

Fig 02.12b “Queen Elizabeth II with Laurie Upshon, Chairman of the Journalists’ Charity during a visit to the Journalists’ Charity at the Stationers’ Hall on May 7, 2014 in London, England. They were met

by Lord Rothermere, President, Journalists’ Charity and Mr Tom Hempenstall, Master of Stationers’ Company, they also met senior media executives, journalists, industry figures and sponsors.” (Getty Images, 2012)

45

The Stationers’ Hall was built for bringing together the “major players” in their industries so they could expand their social network, exchange information and share ideas, the aim was to develop strategies for the future of industries that are crucial to global economic growth.

Activities such as formal dinners, informal lunches, lectures, seminars and intimate round-table sessions to online reports and discussion fora.

Their objectives are: “to encourage a broad balance of membership to deliver industry-relevant events at Stationers’ Hall that provide excellent networking opportunities are good value for money and fun to maximise the resources of their charity, the Stationers’ Foundation and direct them towards causes connected with their industries to develop their facilities at Stationers’ Hall to enhance the benefits of membership and increase commercial lettings to play an active part in the work of the Corporation of London to create full transparency in their governance procedures to increase out impact in the industry through improved public relations to preserve their archives and make them accessible to a broader public audience” (“The Stationers’ Company”)

Engineering

Fig 02.12c

Printing Fig 02.12d

Fig 02.12e

Fig 02.12q

Papermaking

Packaging Fig 02.12f

Advertising Fig 02.12g

Fig 02.12p

Design

Film Fig 02.12h

Publishing of books

Fig 02.12i

Newspaper

Fig 02.12j

Fig 02.12o

Photography Fig 02.12k

Fig 02.12l

Video production

Periodicals Fig 02.12m

Fig 02.12n 46

02.2 Client’s Brief

02.21

Rupert Murdoch- the CEO of the News Corporation and Liveryman of the Stationers’ Company. In a Design Programme and recent speech at the Stationers’ Livery company in London, he stated that “power is moving away from Brief the old elite in our industry,” and that “we are at the dawn of a golden age of information- an empire of Research Centre & Institute new knowledge.” A digital future that will “put that for Worshipful Company of power in the hands of those already launching a blog every second.” (Gibson) Stationers

In this design outcome and delivery, the client’s priority will be highly focused on its completion quality.

To celebrate the glorious history of Stationers’ Company’s value as well as joining force with today’s new technology, the proposal of Research Centre & Institute for its members will not only provide the advanced research facilities for Communications and Content Industries, but also to contribute to their fundamental identities in London as Livery Company and to deliver a completely new headquarter for Stationers’ Company and their more than 900 members within the Communications and Content Industries.

Because of the building fabrication and internal intricate details, the building and construction process will require a large sufficient amount of time and it will increase the cost.

As Headquarter of the Stationers’ Company, the method of construction and building materials should represent and showcase the combination of today’s advanced technology integrated with company’s historical value and image.

In this case, the client will need to consider the appropriate contract for the best quality control.

At the early stage of the project, Architects, Consultants such as highly skilful Joiners, Freemasonry and Contractors should be invited for discussion and to allow Architects to design and complete the drawings before the construction The aim and prospect is to bring printing and craft, stage. religion and science, education and culture together to be integrated into a better community in London.

The building complex consists three main domains with its appointed landscape, and each has unique functional facilities as well as ritualistic qualities.

The current events that take place at Stationers’ Hall will be replaced and divided into three categories , it will be relocated and distributed into the new headquarter as following three building complex.

-Sanctuary Hall (Dining Hall) + Garden of Dining -2000 sqm Formal Dining, Celebration, Annual Election Rituals , Gallery -Stationers’ Chapel + Garden of Prayer -900 sqm Sunday Services and other religious events -Auditorium (Workshop, Accommodation ) + Library + Garden of Performance -4500 sqm Educational and Research facility for new technology in media information, printing and craft.

Conferences, Public and Private Seminars, Archives, Accommodation for Stationers and Performances.

47

Auditorium (Workshop, Accommodation ) + Library + Garden of Performance Building Fabrication and Internal Intricate Details Stationers’ Chapel + Garden of Prayer

Sanctuary Hall (Dining Hall) + Garden of Dining

Landscape

N

48

02.3 Cost

02.31 Cost Factors: -Design -Client Ambitions -Buildability -Programme

“Client should set an outline budget, use cost Client Ambitions benchmarks to establish initial costings, take account of variables and understand the As the client has high expectation in design quality implications of capital costs.” which will significantly increase the cost, additionally if the time management for the overall project is (“Cost Control In Building Design And Construction - tight which will also affect the overall budget.

Designing Buildings Wiki”) Buildability -Set an outline budget “Client will need the input of expert quantity Due to the irregular components of the fabricated surveyors or cost consultants early on to set out an facade panels and intricate details inside of the outline budget.” building which require extra construction process.

-Land acquisition It is vital to have overall control in terms of the -Capital cost of construction delivery and prefabricated building components -The cost of fitting-out, including IT and specialist and manage appropriate time to put together with equipment different on site components and prefabricated -Professional fees ones.

-Costs involved in identified risks -Financing The building complex have three major building -Inflation constructions and each has different construction -VAT where applicable process, The Client should have careful -Disruption or down-time during a move consideration for the sequence of the construction -Costs to undertake change management of users phase from excavation to landscape to foundation -Decommissioning of old facilities or equipment to primary construction for each building. Phasing -The cost of evaluation. should be also carefully arranged and planned in the early stage to minimise overspending.

-Use cost benchmarks to help establish initial costings The geometry and shape for the whole building complex has different intricate components which “By drawing together information from across the will affect the cost in terms of construction and construction industry, cost benchmarks establish manufacturing process. typical costs per square metre. These are updated each year to reflect changes in costs. Cost The overall design has large scaled landscaped and benchmarks are useful early on to determine the waster features which will require large excavation likely cost of the project you are planning. before the construction. The phasing of building Quantity surveyors or cost consultants will draw on construction can be integrated with landscape cost benchmarks when setting the outline budget. and water construction to maximise the quality of As your project progresses they will build up a more the design but may raise the risk of complicated detailed picture of the costs. “ relationship with contractors in terms of landscape (“Cost Control In Building Design And Construction - engineers.

Designing Buildings Wiki”) Programme Design In conclusion, due to the high expectation for design The ratio of cost in design plays a significant part quality in terms of the prefabricated building in the whole building proposal, the fee for hiring components which will require special consultants architects, contractors and relevant consultants and contractors at early stage. will all increase the cost in different design stages, especially for any particular bespoke elements The programme for the Traditional Contract within the design proposal.

Procurement and Pre-Construction Service Agreement (PCSA) method is suitable and will likely For instance, the intricate details of prefabricated provide a better integrated planning for programme cladding panels from interior and exterior of the and overall design and construction process.

Sanctuary Hall will require different packages in terms of contractors, joiners, and material suppliers which will affect the overall cost in design process.

The Complex building shape and embedded building furniture compartments will influence the cost during the construction period.

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Funding

THE STATIONERS’ COMPANY

The Stationers’ Company Foundation supports variety events such as Educational Support, Welfare, Charity Giving, Library and Archive, and Charitable Funds.

Schools Support – The Foundation supports Stationers’ Crown Woods Academy in many ways including through the provision of equipment and mentoring activities.

Welfare – The Foundation’s welfare activity is the provision of annual or one-off grants of money and other support to persons in need, hardship or distress who work or have worked in the Communication and Content industries and their dependants.

STAKEHODERLS

FUNDING

Charity Giving – The Foundation makes regular contributions to charities in the City of London and beyond including support for the Lord Mayor of London’s charities and the Royal Marines.

Library and Archive – The Companies Library and Archive are an important historical resource and are administered through a specific fund. (“The Stationers’ Company”) The Headquarter for Stationers’ Company- Research Centre and Institute will be mainly funded by The Stationers’ Company Foundation.

+

THE STATIONER’S COMPANY FOUNDATION

Stakeholders The most powerful stakeholders can be identified early and their input can then be used to shape the architecture; this ensures their support and improves the quality of the models produced.

Tower Hamlets Council (Local Support) St Paul’s Cathedral (Religious Support) St Paul’s Cathedral seeks to enable people in all their diversity to encounter the transforming presence of God in Jesus Christ. They work with the Bishop and Diocese of London and the wider church, as a spiritual focus for London, the nation and the world.

De La Rue (Printing and Craft) The world’s largest commercial banknote printer and passport manufacturer and is a trusted partner of governments, central banks and commercial organisations around the world.

The Clothworkers’ Company (Printing and Craft)

OPERATION

Founded by Royal Charter in 1528, the original purpose of The Clothworkers’ Company was to protect its members and promote the craft of clothfinishing within the City of London.

Leigh Academies Trust (Educational Facilities Support ) a non-profit making charitable company limited by guarantee, based in Dartford, Kent. The Trust exists to support and assist schools to build upon their existing strengths and to help them achieve rapid educational transformation.

PICT (Printing and Craft) With over 125 years of history behind it, the Stationers Social Society, which was formed to encourage individuals in the paper industry to meet up at sports and social events, has become a registered charity - the Paper Industry Charitable Trust.

Regional Council Support

Environmental Support Consultants

Religious Supports in Architectural History

Fabrication and Craft Technology Support

Educational and Research Facilities Consultants

Conservation Specialists

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02.4 Procurement

02.41

Procurement is the process of purchasing goods or services. Client should select the appropriate route Traditional Contract with to procure a building’s design and construction. The procurement route has many important factors Pre-Construction Service and drivers to determine its category and should Agreement (PCSA) follow a strategy which comprehend the long-term objectives of the client’s business plan.

02.42

Risks (Delivery)

The design drivers against the Stationers’ Company’s proposal is design quality and specific project constraints such as bespoke and prefabricated building elements. Those elements will need initial consultation from specific contractors who are specialised in particular areas such as timber joiners and freemasons. Therefore in the beginning of the project, the Client will invite those specific contractors to join discussion to assist architects to complete the design drawings before the construction. During the construction stage, the initially invited contractors will be recommended to join the design team again and continue their specific areas of the building management and construction. They can be divided into different packages in order to contribute to the construction process.

The advantage of traditional procurement method allows Stationers’ Company take control in the whole design team, and maximise the quality in design, additionally having PCSA integrated in the beginning of the project also allows employer to select specific contractors for appointed bespoke construction elements.

The risks that Stationers’ Company might facing: -Design consultants might not be selected from a competitive tender, and in result of conservative design specifications to increase the cost.

-When the process of traditional method split into design and construction which might lead to disputes about whether defects are in fact design defects, and the employer will be responsible, if defects in materials and workmanship which the contractor is responsible

-Stationers’ Company cannot tender for main contractor until design finalised which will result in more time before construction work can commence.

If the contractor was “design and build”, the contract price would attract a premium in excess of its true The Traditional Contract should be selected by the cost to the employer.

Client for the whole procurement process.

-Stationers’ Company has to be certain and decisive In this process, all members of design team towards design decisions before construction have direct contract with the client and they are stage, otherwise it will be more difficult to make supervised by architect. Such process give them and implement later design changes in a traditional a lot of independence and limited contractual contract method, because it was already “finalised” responsibility. On the other hand, in the construction during the design period. team all members are contracted to main contractor, (“Risk In Building Design And Construction who, in turn has access to the client. Such structure Designing Buildings Wiki”) makes main contractor liable for performance of all subcontractors and suppliers.

Every exchange of information between construction and design teams should take place through main contractor-architect. This means, that legally, requests made by client should not be implemented until they are confirmed in adequate form by the contract administrator (architect).

Only in the beginning of the project, PCSA (PreConstruction Service Agreement) is integrated with the main contract which allow the client to procure the specific contractors to firstly join the design team. It will allow the specific contractors to contribute to the design process; advice on buildability, packaging of works as well as developing cost plan and construction programme at early design stage.

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MAIN CONTRACTOR

START DESIGN

FINISH CONSTRUCTION

TENDER

P C S A

SUBCONTARCTOR

DESIGN TEAM

SUBCONTARCTOR

CONTRACT

SUBCONTARCTOR

THE STATIONERS’ COMPANY

CONSTRUCTION TEAM

PROJECT MANAGER

MAIN CONTRACTOR

ARCHITECT

QUANTITY SURVEYOR

STRUCTURAL ENGINEER

SUBCONTRACTORS

INFORMATION EXCHANGE CONTRACTRUAL LINKS

NOMINATED SUBCONTRACTORS

PCSA OTHER DESIGNERS

SPECIALISTS

SPECIALISTS SUBCONTRACTORS

SUPPLIERS

52

02.5 The Design Team

02.51 Specific Consultants 02.52 Architect’s Role

Earthmoving Management & Excavation Specialists The project has three main large man-made lakes which will need excavation specialists to undertake site survey and manage earthmoving construction.

Landscape Architect The whole building complex requires three main large different landscapes associated with each building’s function and theme, Landscape Architects will be required to work together with designers to deliver the high quality small hills, gardens and parks.

Role of the Architect In a traditional contract and during the design stage, the architect will be appointed by the client to design the project in detail and then prepare tender documentation such as drawings, work schedules and bills of quantities. The appointed architect is fully responsible for the design.

For Stationer’s Company’s Project, it will provide specific contractor to assist the architect to produce bespoke architectural design elements during the design stage.

Feasibility Studies The Architect will work with client to develop the strategic brief sufficiently for feasibility studies and options appraisals together with the consultant team.

-Access site information -Site appraisals -Legislative constraints -Existing planning consents

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Project Brief The Architect will coordinate the design team in preparation of the project brief, project directory of contact details and additionally a stakeholder map.

-Preparing the technical design.

The Architect coordinates the preparation of the technical design including the incorporation of design by specialist contractors. They may wish to appoint a design coordinator to be responsible for coordination and integration of the technical design.

Concept Design The Architect coordinates the preparation of -The Architect coordinates a design review of the an initial concept design including the outline technical design and, if appropriate, arranges visits specification and discuss with client and amend the to the specialist contractors’ premises to assess samples or mock-ups and to witness tests. Where comments. appropriate, samples are obtained for approval by -Coordinates consultants with user panels, the client. champions and other stakeholders, including statutory authorities to develop the concept design. -Preparing a detailed design report and submitting applications for statutory approvals.

The Architect coordinates consultations with the Detailed Design “The Architect coordinates consultants with statutory authorities to establish submission statutory authorities, non-statutory authorities, requirements for statutory approvals. The client may appoint an approved inspector to consider insurance providers, neighbours -Coordinates development of the detailed design to building regulations submissions. take on board comments made during consultants The Architect coordinates the preparation of a and the cost consultant updates the elemental cost detailed design report and issues this to the client.

The client reviews the detailed design report and plan and cash flow projection. assesses the need for changes to the design or for a value management exercise.”

-Developing the outline specification The Architect coordinates the sourcing of materials, (“Traditional Contract: Detailed Design - Designing components and assemblies for approval by the Buildings Wiki”) client and the identification of requirements for Production information design by specialist contractors.

The Architect instigates discussions with the client regarding tendering and construction.

-Developing the detailed design -The Architect coordinates the consultant team to undertake a design review of the detailed design and The Architect prepares a schedule of information outline specification and then develop the detailed that should be prepared for the production design and outline specification to take on board information, responsibilities for its preparation, comments made. The cost consultant updates the a programme for its preparation and a document control system for revision control. elemental cost plan and cash flow projection.

-The Architect presents the final detailed design to the client and requests approval to appoint Tender specialist contractors and if necessary to make a The Architect coordinates a start-up meeting with the consultant team and the client to agree the detailed planning application. programme and procedures that will be adopted for tendering.

-Preparing the technical design.

The Architect coordinates the preparation of the technical design including the incorporation of The Architect coordinates advice from the design by specialist contractors. They may wish to consultant team on the form of contract and appoint a design coordinator to be responsible for contract conditions and advises the client. The coordination and integration of the technical design. client considers advice on the form of contract and -The Architect coordinates a design review of the contract conditions and instructs The architect. technical design and, if appropriate, arranges visits to the specialist contractors’ premises to assess Mobilisation samples or mock-ups and to witness tests. Where The Architect does not need to have input at this appropriate, samples are obtained for approval by stage. the client.

-The Architect coordinates amendment of the Construction technical design in line with comments made during The Architect coordinates the preparation and the design review and the cost consultant develops issue of any additional information required by the the elemental cost plan into an approximate contractor and coordinates the review of design quantities cost plan and revises the cash flow information prepared by the contractor. projection.

PCSA

THE STATIONERS’ COMPANY

DESIGN TEAM

ARCHITECT

NOMINATED SUBCONTRACTORS

QUANTITY SURVEYOR

STRUCTURAL ENGINEER TIMBER JOINERIES

OTHER DESIGNERS

NOMINATED SUPPLIERS STONE MASONARY

SPECIALISTS SUBCONTRACTORS

INFORMATION EXCHANGE CONTRACTRUAL LINKS PCSA 54

02.5 The Design Team

02.53 Roles and Responsibilities In A Design Team

55

Design team are groups of professional consultants Structural engineer appointed by the client to perform tasks on a project Structural engineers design, assess and inspect such as : structures to ensure that they are efficient and -Providing advice on setting up and defining the stable. Burohappold has been selected, because their reputation for delivering creative, value led project. building and city solutions is suitable for the scheme -Developing and coordinating the design.

-Preparing production information and tender of Stationer’s Company and scope of service will be: documentation.

-Site appraisals,strength of subsoil and ground.

-Contract administration.

-Loading and foundation design.

-Inspecting the work of contractors.

-Supervision of surveys.

In order to deliver a successful design project -Environmental studies for Stationers’ Company’s Research Centre and -Investigating materials.

Institute, the following consultants should be at -Ground improvement.

-Drainage. least appointed by the client -Roads.

-Special loads.

Quantity Surveyor -Fire protection to the structure.

The cost consultant provides estimates, and advice -Aesthetics and beauty. regarding the cost of construction works.

Building Services Engineer -Helping determine the client’s requirements and Building services engineers plan, design, monitor undertaking feasibility studies.

-Benchmarking requirements against similar and inspect systems to make buildings comfortable, functional, efficient and safe. Typically these projects. systems will include heating, ventilation and air -Assessing and comparing options. conditioning (HVAC), water and drainage, lighting, -Helping define the project budget.

-Checking developing designs against the project power, ICT, lifts and escalators, control systems. budget.

Landscape Architects -Assessing value for money.

-Checking designs meet legal and quality standards.

-Undertaking risk management and value Landscape architects (or landscape designers) plan, design and manage open spaces and aim to provide management exercises.

-Preparing cost plans, estimates and cash flow aesthetically pleasing urban and rural environments projections.

The role of a landscape architect can be varied and -Advising on procurement strategy. wide-ranging and can include: -Advising on packaging.

-Preparing bills of quantities.

-Meeting with clients to discuss landscape -Preparing tender pricing documents. requirements.

-Collating and issuing tender documentation.

-Undertaking site surveys to determine the potential -Assessing tenders. of the site to meet the client’s expectations.

-Estimating the cost of variations.

-Preparing valuation statements for interim -Preparing and presenting design plans and working drawings using computer-aided design (CAD) certificates. packages or similar.

-Assisting with the valuation of claims.

-Preparing regular cost reports, including out-turn -Completing the landscape and visual sections of planning applications or Environmental Impact cost and cash flow.

Assessments.

-Completing the final account.

-Working closely with other professionals on projects.

-Providing evidence in public inquiries.

ARCHITECT

DH

ARCHITECTS

QUANTITY SURVEYOR

STRUCTURAL ENGINEER

BUILDING SERVICE ENGINEER

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT & PLANNING

SPECIALISTS & SUBCONTRACTORS

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02.6 Design Programme

02.61

Strategic Definition

Sustainability strategy, maintenance and operational strategy should have prepared and At this stage, Stationers’ Company have identified ready for client to review.

Key Events the business case for their headquarter- Research Centre and Institute. The strategic brief should Developed Design The RIBA Plan of work is outline the ambitions of Stationer’s Company as customized particularly for well as design requirements of the project.

The lead consultant (Architect) should prepare Research Centre and Institute the Developed Design including coordinated for Stationers’ Company Project, The case for the project is to introduce the ancient and updated proposal from Concept Design history of Stationers’ Company and its Company (including landscaping design). it should include it is also described from the note value by joining force with today’s new technology, structural design, building service system, outline at bottom of this page. the proposal of Research Centre & Institute for specifications, cost information and project its members will not only provide the advanced strategy in accordance with design programme. research facilities for Communications and Content Industries, but also to contribute to their Review sustainable strategy, maintenance and fundamental identities in London as Livery Company operational strategy. and to deliver a completely new headquarter for Stationers’ Company and their more than 900 Technical Design members within the Communications and Content Industries.

The lead consultant (Architect) should prepare Technical Design in accordance with Design Responsibility Matrix and Project Strategies to Preparation and Brief include all architectural, structural and building services information, specialist subcontractor The client should have made decision to prepare design and specifications, in accordance with an outline planning application while continuing Design Programme(including landscaping design). to develop the project objectives which including Design Team Stage 4 output issued for tender. project quality and outcome, sustainability Review and update Sustainability, Maintenance aspirations and cost planning. and Operational and Handover Strategies and Risk Assessments.

The feasibility studies has been done by the Prepare and submit Building Regulations submission consultant team , it should be reviewed and confirmed by the client together with a developed Construction site information to assist further design decisions.

At this stage, the main contractor is appointed for Concept Design Construction with Technical Design drawings from the design team.

Following the site information and feasibility studies from last stage, the Concept Design is prepared at The Stationers’ Research Centre and Institute this stage including outline proposals for Stationers’ should have planned to be constructed through Research Centre and Institute which has a building phases. complex consists three main building design, Sanctuary Hall, Chapel and Institute. Structural Phase 01 Excavation of the site for landscape (mandesign should outline the main construction method make lake) and material is in-situ concrete and timber frame, Phase 02 Sanctuary Hall to fulfil the design requirements (programme) of Phase 03 Chapel achieving multiple and vertical spatial hierarchy for phase 04 Institute different internal functions interiorly.

Offsite manufacturing and onsite Construction Landscape Design and strategies planning should in accordance with Construction Programme and commence and completed from Concept Design resolution of Design Queries from site as they arise. stage and delivered to client for comments.

Specialist subcontractor is invited to assist and advice on appointed design elements from client’s design proposal.

This Project version of the RIBA Plan of Work 2013 has been prepared by D H ARCHITECTS for use on its project Research Center and Institute. It has been prepared on the basis of a Traditional Contract procurement route.The RIBA Plan of Work 2013 organises the process of briefing, designing, constructing, maintaining, operating and using building projects into a number of key stages. The content of stages may vary or overlap to suit specific project requirements. The RIBA Plan of Work 2013 should be used solely as guidance for the preparation of detailed professional services contracts and building contracts.

57

maintaining, operating and using building projects into a number of key stages. The content of stage RIBA Plan of Work 2013 should be used solely as guidance for the preparation of detailed professio

Core Objectives

Identify client's Business Case and Strategic Brief and other core project requirements.

Develop Project Objectives, including Quality Objectives and Project Outcomes, Sustainability Aspirations, Project Budget, other parameters or constraints and develop Initial Project Brief.

Undertake Feasibility Studies and review of Site Information.

Procurement

Initial considerations for assembling the project team.

Prepare Project Roles Table and Contractual Tree and continue assembling the project team.

Establish Project Programme.

Review Project Programme.

Review Project Programme.

Review Project Programme.

Specialis 5 in acco

Pre-application discussions.

Pre-application discussions.

Pre-application discussions.

Planning application made at end of stage using Stage 3 output.

Planning following where po starting o

Review Feedback from previous projects.

Prepare Handover Strategy and Risk Assessments.

Prepare Sustainability Strategy, Maintenance and Operational Strategy and review Handover Strategy and Risk Assessments .

Review and update Sustainability Strategy, Maintenance and Operational and Handover Strategies and Risk Assessments.

Review a Sustaina and Ope Strategie Assessm

Undertake third party consultations as required and any Research and Development aspects.

Undertake third party consultations as required and conclude Research and Development aspects.

Prepare a Regulatio other third requiring

Review and update Project Execution Plan.

Review and update Project Execution Plan, including Change Control Procedures.

Review a Executio

*Variable Task Bar

Programme

Specialist subcontractor design work (prefabricated design elements) undertaken in parallel with Stage 5 in accordance with Design and Construction Programmes.

Handover and Close Out

Prepare Concept Design, including outline proposals for structural design, building services systems, outline specifications and preliminary Cost Information along with relevant Project Strategies in accordance with Design Programme. Agree alterations to brief and issue Final Project Brief.

Prepare Developed Design, including coordinated and updated proposals for structural design, building services systems, outline specifications, Cost Information and Project Strategies in accordance with Design Programme.

Prepare T accordan Respons Project S architectu building s specialist and spec with Desi

Design T issued fo assessed awarded.

Stage 4 in award.

*Variable Task Bar

(Town) Planning *Variable Task Bar

Suggested Key Support Tasks

Agree Schedule of Services, Design Responsibility Matrix and Information Exchanges and prepare Project Execution Plan including Technology and Communication Strategies and consideration of Common Standards to be used.

Handover of building and conclusion of Building Contract.

Conclude administration of Building Contract.

Consider Construction Strategy, Review C including offsite fabrication, and Review and update Construction including develop Health and Safety and Health and Safety Health an Strategy.

Strategies.

Sustainability Checkpoints

Sustainability Checkpoint - 0

Sustainability Checkpoint - 1

Sustainability Checkpoint - 2

Sustainability Checkpoint - 3

Sustaina

Information Exchanges

Strategic Brief.

Initial Project Brief.

Concept Design including outline structural and building services design, associated Project Strategies, preliminary Cost Information and Final Project

Developed Design, including the coordinated architectural, structural and building services design and updated Cost Information.

Complete the projec

Handover of building and Prepare Concept Design, conclusion of Building Contract. including outline proposals for structural design, building services systems, outline specifications and preliminary Cost Information along with relevant Project Strategies in accordance with Design Programme. Agree alterations to brief and issue Final Project Brief.

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This Project version of the RIBA Plan of Work 2013 has been prepared by D H ARCHITECTS for use on its project Research Center and Institute.

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Initial considerations for assembling the project team.

Prepare Project Roles Table and Contractual Tree and continue assembling the project team.

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Undertake third party consultations as required and any Research and Development aspects.

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Prepare and submit Building Regulations submission and any other third party submissions requiring consent..

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Review and update Project Execution Plan, including Change Control Procedures.

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58

02.7 Risks

02.61 Risks in Design, Maintenance and Operation

To deliver a successful building design project, there are a series of potential risks in terms of the maintenance and operation for Stationers’ Research Centre and Institute. The typical ricks can be unexpected soil conditions during the excavation on site; failure in acquiring the appropriate material for building construction; poor decision making in terms of appointment for the right consultation teams.

The Client’s design proposal expect a high quality project which will require skilful and experienced contractors to control the quality during construction process. Defective workmanship and lack of coordination may result the risk of underachieving the expected quality. The client should carefully consider and appoint the design team and make accurate early design decisions before it is finalised. Operation such as managing sub-contractors and information exchange should be effective and transparent, if not, it may result unexpected cost rise and delay of the project schedule.

Large landscape design and water feature requires long time and high cost for excavation which may result delay project schedule if the ground condition was problematic and difficult. Experienced contractor should be appointed at early stage to avoid any implications such as safety of workers.

Due to the complexity of building design proposal, the prefabricated elements; external cladding and intricate interior forms together with integrated innovative architectural design technology which will have high risks of underachieving quality, failure in design and unexpected time and cost. Tests and mock ups should be produced accordingly to assist the overall design and quality control to mitigate the risks.

59

60

Worshipful Company of Stationers and Newspaper Makers

03 Building Performance (Sanctuary Hall)

03.1 Overall Performance Strategy 03.2 Environmental Control: Passive VentilationMix Mode 03.3 Lighting Strategy 03.4 Legislation and Requirements

61

Statutory

62

03.1 Overall Performance Strategy

03.11 Introduction and Precedents

The Diagram on the right illustrated the overall building performance zoning strategy, each zoning will be explained in detail throughout this Chapter.

As a Dining Hall, its building performance will focus on its functional uses via different floor areas and particular spaces.

The main building material is divided into concrete and timber, which concrete as the external and internal fabric will give thermal mass to the building, timber framed trusses provided the in-between space for services like electrical distribution and natural air ventilation.

Fig 03.11a

National Assembly Richard Rogers Wales “Rogers chose to use rough slate, smooth concrete, steel, glass and timber to build that Welsh Assembly... Responding to the dynamics of the local environment. As well as to environmental details like natural ventilation, nighttime cooling, geothermal energy, rainwater harvesting...�

63

The form and geometry of the building is relatively symmetrical and that provided the openings from East, South, West and North to allow the wind (air flow) to go into the building whenever the wind direction is at the time. But the openings from the squared geometrical building facade are designed in a way to compromise the local wind direction and also to allow sufficient amount of south facing roof openings as well as in other levels.

The monumental and chimney shaped building form also created diagonalised external facade with openings such as roof openings which allow natural light penetrate through as well as the wind (air flow).

The mixed mode ventilation is applied to this building design performance, which allow natural ventilation for the public spaces such as dining hall, concourse and atrium vertical circulation space.

And mechanical ventilation is used for the private individual chambers ,meditation room at the top of the building and gallery space in the basement.

A chimney system is placed from the kitchen where the stove space is located and it is also connect to the diagonal shaped fire escape to the top of the building for access and maintenance. During the winter, the hot air will be distributed via concrete chimney and stored as thermal mass and release to the inside of the building.

Facade and Roof Openings

Diagonalised Concrete Core (Fire Escape)

Allow natural day light.

Including toilets from basement to fourth floor, embedded with water pipe system from kitchen to the top.

Service Distribution

Allow Chimney Stack Ventilation, to provide natural heating and cooling.

Electrical Equipments FCU

Mechanical Ventilation Concrete Rainscreen Panels Thermal Mass Natural Ventilation

During the daytime, the concrete facade absorb the heat from direct sun light and release the heat to increase the building internal temperature in the night.

Facade Openings

and

Roof

Allow natural day light.

Mechanical Ventilation For Kitchen

Service Distribution Electrical Equipments FCU

Concrete Slabs and Insitu Concrete Cavity Walls also give thermal mass for the building performance.

64

03.2 Environmental Control: Passive VentilationMix Mode 03.21

The diagram fig 01 illustrated the wind penetration through the building and the wind direction is coming from south west. The geometry of the building and setting out of the plan is relatively symmetrical from all directions, so the wind is easily pushing the air into the building and to create a natural flow through out the ground floor area.

Natural Ventilation and Wind Movements Fig 01

The dinning hall space is open plan and also in the centre of the building where the kitchen is symmetrically located opposite of the dining hall in the north east. It is also connected to the concrete diagonal core-fire escape which the stove from the kitchen is placed at the bottom of a chimney shaped space all way up to the top of the building to allow stack ventilation.

Wind Movements around the Sanctuary Hall

Sanctuary Hall Roof Plan View

N

Kitchen

Dinning Hall space

Sanctuary Hall Ground Level with Site Context 65

Waste / Hot Air

Heat from Occupants and Equipments

Fresh Air (Cool)

Facade / Roof Openings

Chimney for Stack Ventilation

Dinning Hall space

Kitchen 66

03.2 Environmental Control: Passive VentilationMix Mode and Thermal Mass 03.22 Mechanical Ventilation -FCU Systems and Thermal Mass

The diagram on the right illustrated the thermal mass strategy for Dining Hall (In-situ Concrete External Wall)

“The strong stone walls of the old 19thcentury building are echoed in the new wing’s 80-centimeter thick walls, which fulfil the high thermal insulation requirements of the Minergie-P Eco standard. The tuff concrete developed especially for use in the new wing corresponds to the tuff facade of the old building, and the polished concrete floors in the new wing suggest a modern interpretation of the decorative terrazzo floors in the old building.”

-ArchDaily

In mixed mode buildings natural ventilation is used as the primary means of providing cooling and, when this is inadequate to provide comfort conditions, active cooling is introduced.

“It is a building in which occupants can open windows, and which is designed with effective passive strategies for limiting the effects of the external climate. The passively designed building is utilised to provide acceptable conditions for the majority of the year, and is supplemented by a mechanical system, either on an ‘as and when required’ basis, or on a seasonal basis.” (Cooper, V.A. 1988) Cooper also emphasised “Mixed-mode refers to a hybrid approach to space conditioning that uses a combination of natural ventilation from operable windows (either manually or automatically controlled), and mechanical systems that include air distribution equipment and refrigeration equipment for cooling. A well-designed mixed-mode building begins with intelligent facade design to minimize cooling loads. It then integrates the use of airconditioning when and where it is necessary, with the use of natural ventilation whenever it is feasible or desirable, to maximize comfort while avoiding the significant energy use and operating costs of yearround air conditioning.”

In this design approach, FUC system is used for basement gallery space and individual chambers from first to second floor.

Basement gallery requires controlled internal environment where expensive paintings will be exhibited through the space and without natural light penetration, FUC is highly suitable to bring fresh air and controlled temperature to the space and provide adequate internal environment for the users and equipments (electrical distribution and exhibition items).

Individual Chambers are private and enclosed rooms with double height up to 10m high. The space itself has openings from diagnosed facade to allow natural ventilation but FUC system will enhance the internal environment control and provide high standard comfort for the users.

Fig 03.22a,b,c Swiss National Museum Christ & Gantenbein Zürich, Switzerland 67

Waste / Hot Air

IQeco31 FCU 1S Fan WR4 B

Fresh Air (Cool)

During summer FCU provide cool air to reduce the temperature in the room, in winter the warm air will be produced and increase the temperature, to keep the internal space always balanced and controlled.

Model IQeco 31 Application 1 speed fan Control Water/Raise/Lower/4 pipe Library Lib.2: Basic Units Metric The IQeco standard strategy controls a fan coil units heat/ cool outputs, and on/off fan, in response to a thermistor temperature sensor with a local setpoint knob and a local switch input (window contact, pushbutton, or Passive Infra Red movement detector input). The WR4 strategy is for waterside 4 pipe units controlling 2 raise/lower (floating point) valve actuators. The strategy is designed to work with TB/TS Trend Thermistor Room Sensors.

Service Distribution such as eclectical equipments

FCU

Individual Chambers

Basement Gallery

Kitchen

68

03.3 Lighting Strategy

03.31

As a ritualistic space, lighting plays an very important role as interior quality. Different room and space has different requirements of light and dark and privacy.

Natural and Mechanical Lighting

At different time of the year, sun light and moon light will be allowed to penetrate the space at certain time as part of the ritual.

Basement galley space usually have mechanical lighting and slight natural light penetrate from the centre of the spiral staircase during the daytime.

During the day time, the Dining Hall at ground level has symmetrical openings and allow natural light to come into the space and cast different shadows through the day.

During the night time, Mechanical lighting will play different atmosphere for the dining space and concourse area.

Fig 03.31a Kunsthaus Bregenz Gallery Space Peter Zumthor Austria

Double spaced individual chambers are enclose private space which has facade openings but also utilise mechanical lighting when needed.

Meditation room at top of the building is the most private space that only utilise the natural roof sky light or moon light during the evening.

N

Fig 03.31b Concrete walls + soft indirect lighting trough windows and skylights. Room for art in Zumikon

Dining Hall South facing, it gets a lot of sun and natural light throughout the day Meditation Room It gets the morning sun from east facing and openings, ideal for Morning Prayer and quiet time for members of Stationers’ Company at beginning of the day.

69

01- Dining Hall Looking towards South

02- Dining Hall Looking towards Northeast

03- Stair Atrium Spiral Stair Atrium

Natural Lighting

Mechanical Lighting

Meditation Room

Double spaced i n d i v i d u a l chambers

Concourse area

3

1

Dining Hall

Basement Space

2

Galley

70

03.4 Legislation and Statutory Requirements

03.41

APPROVED DOCUMENT M Access to and use of buildings

Circulation and Access

Accessible entrances Doors to accessible entrances Entrance lobbies Entrance hall and reception area Corridors and passageways Vertical circulation within the building

Diagram 11 Key dimensions associated with passenger lifts

Key dimensions for handrails for stairs in buildings other than dwellings

3.17 A passenger lift is the most suitable means of vertical access and should be provided wherever possible. However, given the space constraints in some buildings, it may not always be possible to install the type and size of passenger lift that would be suitable for use by all, and other options may need to be considered to provide for users with mobility impairments.

Steepness of ramps For all buildings 2.3 Ensure that the relationship between the gradient of a ramp and its going between landings is as shown in Diagram 2.1.

NOTE: A floor level with a gradient of 1:20 or steeper should be designed as a ramp.

3.34 PassengerliftswillsatisfyRequirement M1 or M2 if: c. the minimum dimensions of the lift cars are 1100mm wide and 1400mm deep (see Diagram 11);

1100mm

Internal stairs Internal ramps APPROVED DOCUMENT K Protection from falling, collision and impact Special stairs 1.27 If a stair consists of straight and tapered treads, ensure that the going of the tapered treads is not less than the going of the straight treads.

Handrails for stairs For all buildings 1.34 Provide handrails in accordance with all of the following. a. Position the top of the handrail 900mm to 1000mm from the pitch line or floor. b. The handrail may form the top of a guarding if you can match the heights. c. If the stairs are 1000mm or wider: provide a handrail on both sides.

71

Disable Access Routes Pedestrian Access Routes

3

2

Circular Passenger lift with radius of 1500 mm for both Pedestrians and Disable access

Fire Escape Exit 1500 mm Fire Escape Exit for Kitchen 850 mm

6000 mm Going Ramp Disable Access for Dining Hall (Satisfy 1:20 of 450mm Rise of the Dining Platform)

South East Main Entrance width 2000 mm

1

G

N

B

Horizontal Circulation

Vertical Circulation 72

03.4 Legislation and Statutory Requirements

03.42 Means of Escape

APPROVED DOCUMENT B Fire safety Section 3: Design for horizontal escape – buildings other than flats Escape route design Number of escape routes and exits 3.2 The number of escape routes and exits to be provided depends on the number of occupants in the room, tier or storey in question and the limits on travel distance to the nearest exit given in Table 2.

Planning of exits in a central core 3.11 Buildings with more than one exit in a central core should be planned so that storey exits are remote from one another and so that no two exits are approached from the same lift hall, common lobby or undivided corridor, or linked by any of these (see Diagram 13).

Distance of travel and number of escape routes 3.37 The escape routes from any storey should be of such a number and so situated that the distance of travel from any point to the nearest storey exit does not exceed the appropriate limits set out in Table 5.

Section 4: Design for vertical escape – buildings other than flats

Diagram 18 Maximum travel distances in a small two or three storey premises with a single protected stair to each storey

Width of escape stairs 4.15 The width of escape stairs should: a. be not less than the width(s) required for any exit(s) affording access to them; b. conform with the minimum widths given in Table 6; c. not exceed 1400mm if their vertical extent is more than 30m, unless it is provided with a central handrail (see Notes 1 and 2); and d. not reduce in width at any point on the way to a nal exit.

1a. In an institutional building (unless the stair will only be used by staff) Max ppl: 150 Min W: 1000 mm Protection of escape stairs Basement stairs 4.42 If an escape stair forms part of the only escape route from an upper storey of a building (or part of a building) it should not be continued down to serve any basement storey. The basement should be served by a separate stair.

73

The STAIRCASE PRESSURIZATION SYSTEM (Basement Escape) Axial fan box, frequency converter and air sensor pressure.

Fire Escape Routes

• Box made from galvanised metal sheet with insulation class M1.

• Thermoplastic impeller with ajustable pitch angle with the exclusive M.N.S. system.

• Motor class F, up to 750 W protection IP 65 more than 750 W IP 55.

• Working temperature: -30°C to 70°C. • Airflow: motor - impeller.

<18M

Double Foil veneered Oak 60 minute fire door with in-between landing length of 1200 mm

Diagonalised Concrete Core Fire Escape (with Stair Lobby) Stair Width 1100 mm Rise 190 mm Going 250 mm

<18M

<18M

Fire Escape Exit 1500 mm Fire Escape Exit for Kitchen 850 mm

<18M

Double Foil veneered Oak 60 minute fire door with the in-between landing length of 1200 mm

Toilets within the core (Protected Compartment)

74

Worshipful Company of Stationers and Newspaper Makers

04 Building Construction (Sanctuary Hall)

04.1 Building Construction Strategy 04.2 Structural Strategy 04.3 Envelope Strategy and Details

75

76

04.1 Building Construction Strategy

04.11 In-situ and Precast Concrete Construction (External)

Sanctuary Hall is a ritualistic dining space which has been the core spatial focus within the whole institute complex.

The design for the dining hall has applied a lot of geometrical volumes to express heavy, raw and mysterious atmosphere as a spatial quality. But at the same time to give a minimal and contemporary approach in architecture construction.

To achieve such a geometrical relationship as a building fabric and construction, concrete construction has been selected for one of the main constructions method.

The design concept via external constructional method divided into In-situ and Precast Concrete construction.

Fig 04.11a Men fixing shuttering for construction of ‘Easiform’ housing in Bristol, possibly part of the Patchway development. ‘Easiform’ was a method of in situ pre-cast concrete construction which John Laing and Son Ltd developed from 1919 onwards.

The design was also inspired by architect Felix Candela who utilised In-situ Concrete construction to achieve large curved wall system with such height and scale.

Phase 01-In-situ Concrete Construction Pile Foundation System Basement Wall System Ground Floor Slab Ground Level Arched Wall System Concourse Columns and Kitchen Chimney Systems Basement + Ground Level Concrete Dining Platform with Inward curved wall feature Phase 02- Precast Concrete Construction Geometrical Prefabricated Reinforced Concrete Arch Columns

Fig 04.11b NDA Planter by no.555. The concrete walls of the house were cast in-situ and took up pigments from the different plywood panels, which were arranged in a stretcher pattern to create the impression of over-sized brickwork.

Fig 04.11c

Narvarte church Félix Candela Mexico The casting of the roof - no mechanical equipment - Church of the Miraculous Medal, Narvarte, Mexico City 1954 Architect Felix Candela 77

Fig 04.11d

Geometrical Prefabricated Reinforced Concrete Arch Columns

Ground Level Arched Wall System

Ground Level Arched Wall System

Concourse Columns and Kitchen Chimney Systems

Basement + Ground Level Concrete Dining Platform

Ground Floor Slab

Basement Wall System

78

04.1 Building Construction Strategy

04.12 Precast Concrete and Timber Frame Construction (Internal)

The internal design approach is to create a ritualistic space for the client who has religious members to come to the Sanctuary Hall for formal dinner and other ritual events throughout the time.

The external construction has a raw, hard and minimal finish, but the transition into the interior will be intricate, delicate and light.

More sophisticated precast concrete will be the “core” of the internal building constructions which is secondary construction.

The timber frame is also primary construction which is “sitting” on the top of In-situ concrete wall systems. It is supporting roof structure and precast rain screen concrete cladding externally.

Fig 04.12a Timber Frame Church with Hammer Beam Trusses

Timber beam truss system was inspired by the Hammerbeam roof construction. But in this design approach, the timber beam construction was altered and re-designed to accommodate the intricate internal curved spatial design quality.

Because of timber’s flexibility, the timber truss will be prefabricated into the shape and form that compromise the design requirements and deliver to the site at Phase 04.

Phase 03 Internal Precast Concrete Construction

Fig 04.12b “Crosswaters Ecolodge in Guangdong Province, China Simón Vélez, architect and pioneer in the contemporary use of bamboo as an essential building component.

He invented a new method to build foundations and roofs, which transformed one of the world’s oldest building materials, namely bamboo, into a modern resource.” The Khool 2012 Fig 04.12c and Fig 04.12c1

Pancho Arena Tamás Dobrosi Architects Hungary

+

Doparum

Built by Tamás Dobrosi,Doparum Architects in Felcsút, Hungary with date 2014. Images by György Dénes. Felcsút is a community of 1800 souls in the Váli Valley, 40 kilometers west of Budapest, the capital of Hungary.

79

Core -Precast Curved Concrete Wall (Basement to First Floor) Precast Curved Internal Wall Precast Concrete Stairs Phase 04 Internal Timber Truss and Roof Construction Timber Frame Dome Structure Timber Beam Truss System (Roof Structure) Timber Frame Floor Finish Timber Internal Panel Finish

Timber Beam Truss System (Roof Structure)

Timber Internal Panel Finish

Timber Frame Floor Finish

Timber Frame Dome Structure

Precast Concrete Stairs

Core -Precast Curved Concrete Wall (Basement to First Floor)

Precast Curved Internal Wall

80

04.1 Building Construction Strategy

04.13

Concrete Rain Screen Cladding Panel Diagram

Pre Fabricated Concrete Cladding System and Building Material Precedents

Concrete as building material has many possibilities from primary construction to cladding system, from traditional to Innovative technology.

As a ritualistic dining space which its interior quality required such pure form in terms of the finish and construction methods.

Plan

In this design approach, using technologies that concrete can bring today for the facade construction and internal finish.

Phase 05 External Prefabricated Concrete Panels Exterior and Interior Patterning Techniques Internal Precast Concrete Panel Finish Prefabricated Concrete Stairs

Fig 04.13a Origami Cast Architectural Concrete Tile

Side Elevation: Profile

Side Elevation: Width

Fig 04.13b Morphosisâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Museum of Nature & Science Facade: Gate Precast

Fig 04.13d

Iso View The diagram illustrate the concept of a single component for concrete rain screen cladding panel

Fig 04.13c

MOSTYN Dominic Williams Wales 81

Abedian School of Architecture CRAB studio (Gavin Robotham and Sir Peter Cook) Queensland, Australia

Internal Precast Concrete Panel Finish

Exterior and Interior Patterning Techniques

Prefabricated Concrete Stairs

External Prefabricated Concrete Panels

Fig 04.13e

Fig 04.13f

Fig 04.13g

Fig 04.13h

Fig 04.13i

Fig 04.13j

Fig 04.13k

Fig 04.13l 82

04.2 Structural Strategy

04.21 Primary Systems: Loads and Stability

Roof Timber Truss Systems

Horizontally laminated, curved glulam

Precast Concrete Wall Systems

The In-situ Concrete Core for Fire Stairs

The In-situ Concrete Basement Wall systems

The In-situ Concrete Pile Foundations (End Bearing Piles)

83

Horizontally laminated, curved glulam and Vertically laminated, curved on plan glulam, is manufactured by bending laminates on formers before being bonded together with adhesive, clamped and cured. It uses tension from roof truss for holding the Internal precast concrete bridge

B

C

A Span A 5.8m Span B 2.5m Span C 12m

Pile Foundation Sharing force stresses along the sides of the pile stabilized the thick concrete slab and very tall concrete walls

84

04.3 Envelope Strategy and Details

04.31 Skylight, Roof and Louvre Detail (Ventilation Strategy) 1:20

85

The detail addressed the roof opening, skylight for natural ventilation strategy.

The air can go through the openable and double glazed roof window and also penetrate through the adjustable louvres. It is also acted as â&#x20AC;&#x153;insulationâ&#x20AC;? when it is closed The ambition for the detail of the louvres was to create the same language as the intricate internal features.

1 38x145 mm Swan larch shiplap boarding with acrylic-late paint finish over 27-50mm 2 Stepped double glazing: 10 mm toughened glass + 15 mm cavity + 18 mm lam. safety glass 3 Prefabricated aluminum louvres 4 180 degree Adjustable timber louvres 5 Double glazed openable roof light

1

1

2

8 9

10 3 4

5

10 6 7 8

9

6 Width 200mm x Height150mm x Length1500mm precast rainscreen concrete panel 7 800 mm x 150 mm CNC Internal oak finish 8 Damp proof membrane 9 Vapour barrier: bituminous sealing layer laid in hot bitumen 10 200mm thermal wool insulation 86

04.3 Envelope Strategy and Details

04.32 External Wall Detail and Internal Finish Detail 1:20 04.33 Section A-A Detail (Plan) 1:20

87

The details illustrated the connection from timber truss to in situ-concrete external wall with concrete rain screen panel finishes Opening with double glass skylight feature

1 Width 200mm x Height150mm x Length1500mm precast rainscreen concrete panel 2 Damp proof membrane

4

6

5

3 350 mm thick reinforced In-situ cavity curved concrete wall (Ground Level)

2

4 89 mm x 406 mm VERSALAM Beam 5 Vapour barrier: bituminous sealing layer laid in hot bitumen

7

6 200mm thermal wool insulation 7 38 mm x 50 mm Jewsonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Hardwood batten

3

8

A

8 Internal finish 9 Stepped double glazing: 10 mm toughened glass + 15 mm cavity + 18 mm lam. safety glass

1

A

External Wall Detail and Internal Finish Detail 1:20

9

1

2 3 5 6 4

7 8

Section A-A Detail (Plan) 1:20

88

04.3 Envelope Strategy and Details

04.33

The Details demonstrated the timber prefabricated design ambition from Timer Truss to Internal timber CNC fabricated panels finish (Internal Cladding), the design intention was to create â&#x20AC;&#x153;Domeâ&#x20AC;? like interior finish for the meditation room but with lightweight structure and intricate details.

External Roof Section Detail and Internal Finish Detail 1:20 04.34 Section A-A Detail (Plan) 1:20

Timber Batten System to support the CNC panels

150 mm

CNC Prefabricated Oak Panel Finish

800 mm

89

1 Width 1300mm x Height200mm x Length 860mm precast rainscreen concrete panel 2 Damp proof membrane 3 Air distribution

5

4 133 mm x 406 mm VERSALAM Beam Truss

2

5 Vapour barrier: bituminous sealing layer laid in hot bitumen 6 200mm thermal wool wood insulation 7 38 mm x 50 mm Jewsonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Hardwood batten 8 800 mm x 150 mm CNC Internal oak finish

1

9 Electrical distribution

8

A

A

7

4

External Roof Section Detail and Internal Finish Detail

9

3

6

1:20

1

2

6

5

3 9 4

7

8 Section A-A Detail (Plan) 1:20 90

04.4 Construction Strategy

04.42

1-Excavation for pile foundation, water features and landscape preparation

Construction Sequence

2- In-situ concrete pile foundation Installation 3- Precast curved concrete internal walls form basement to second floor level 4- In-situ concrete casting on site fire escape core (walls, stairs and landings) 5- Secondary precast internal concrete walls and circular bridges 6- External In-situ concrete walls casting on site 7- Precast diagonal concrete supporting “column” installation on site 8- Third floor level prefabricated timber truss and frame system installation 9- External concrete rain screen panels (cladding) finish installation

Fig 04.42a “The construction of deep station boxes and shafts on Crossrail has necessitated the re-emergence of diaphragm walling.

A diaphragm wall is formed from panels and the wall constructed by digging each panel section in sequence using bentonite slurry to support the excavation. Following excavation, massive reinforcement cages are lifted into place and the slurry is replaced with concrete. Taken from ‘The changing face of diaphragm wall cage construction’, “by Emma Walsh of Byrne Looby.

10- Landscape construction (gardens and “lakes”)

10

Fig 04.42b Slurry method of construction (a) drilling to full depth with slurry; (b) placing rebar cage; (c) placing concrete; (d) completed shaft (O’Neill and Reese, 1999)

91

5

6

7

4

Internal CNC timber prefabrication timber “dome” installation

3

8

2

1 Fig 04.42c “By using high quality tube material and lightweight rigs the ductile driven pile can be installed with diameters between 118 and 170 mm. The system is efficient, economic and safe and adaptable to changing ground conditions. Loads up to 2,000 kN can be carried in the right ground conditions.”

Keller Grundbau GmbH

9 92

04.4 Construction Strategy

04.42

Dining Hall

Site Orientation & Sun Path

South facing, it gets a lot of sun and natural light throughout the day Meditation Room It gets the morning sun from east facing and openings, ideal for Morning Prayer and quiet time for members of Stationersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Company at beginning of the day.

Garden of Dining It gets a lot of south facing sun, ideal for vegetation growth both in summer and winter South East Entrance to the Dining Hall

Southwest view looking towards Sanctuary Hall over the Garden of Dining (Stationersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Dining Hall)

93

Meditation Room

South East Entrance to the Dining Hall

Dining Hall

Garden of Dining

Sunset

Current Sun Trajectory

Sunrise Variation of sun trajectories during the year

N

94

04.4 Construction Strategy

04.43 Constraints

Stationersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Dining Hall utilized In-situ and precast concrete construction throughout the 80% of the project.

Precast concrete technology is one of the most popular used construction. This technology provides the opportunity to the industrialize building construction and thus enhance the availability and quality of building. With regard to the design process of precast concrete building, architectural and technological concepts have to be transferred into building systems by iterative processes. Such as rain screen cladding for the Dining Hall. Although precast concrete technology is an offshoot of reinforced concrete technology, its structural nature and construction process is not the same: its identification with the concept of industrialization makes this technology quite different from cast-inplace concrete. On the other hand, the processes of precasting, of transportation and handling, and of the erection of precast concrete building systems give significant advantages to building systems, but they pose technological constraints to as well.

Precast Concrete Floor 1 Functional constraints such as number of rooms, connectivity among the rooms, target room areas, (Controlled Span between curved walls with no beams)

95

Timber Prefabrication Construction

External Prefabricated Concrete Panels

96

05 References

05.1 Image References

97

Fig 00.21a (http://books.openedition.org/obp/docannexe/image/1066/img-1.jpg) Fig 00.21b (http://socks-studio.com/2014/03/23/jean-jacques-lequeu-a-visionary-at-the-age-ofreason/) Fig 00.22a (https://uk.pinterest.com/pin/231161393344500422/) Fig 00.22b (https://uk.pinterest.com/pin/340232946819469955/) Fig 00.22cf (Google Map+ Authorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s render) Fig 01.21a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_End_of_London#/media/File:1882_Reynolds_Map.jpg) Fig 01.21b (http://www.oatridge.co.uk/wapping_files/highst.jpg) Fig 01.21c (https://pepyssmallchange.files.wordpress.com/2013/12/wapping2r.jpg) Fig 01.21d (http://www.stgite.org.uk/library/londondocks.jpg) Fig 01.21e (http://pubshistory.com/VisitEastLondon/maps/Watkins04cj.jpg) Fig 01.21f (http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/multimedia/dynamic/00286/B12PID_286621k.jpg) Fig 01.21g (http://media.gettyimages.com/photos/general-view-of-the-former-news-international-sitein-wapping-which-picture-id451208222) Fig 01.21h(http://i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/02135/Sun_2135374b.jpg) Fig 02.11a (http://www.gettyimages.co.uk/galleries/photographers/stevenson) Fig 02.11b (https://stationers.org/) Fig 02.12a (http://www.gettyimages.co.uk/detail/news-photo/liverymen-of-the-worshipful-company-ofstationers-on-their-news-photo/457966377) Fig 02.12b (http://www.gettyimages.co.uk/detail/news-photo/prince-phillip-duke-of-edinburgh-withlord-rothermere-news-photo/488549759) Fig 02.12c(https://uk.pinterest.com/pin/294211788131236085/) Fig 02.12d (https://uk.pinterest.com/pin/126382333271603957/) Fig 02.12e (https://uk.pinterest.com/pin/129267451781315541/) Fig 02.12f (https://uk.pinterest.com/pin/120400990014785886/) Fig 02.12g (https://uk.pinterest.com/pin/95138610856140073/) Fig 02.12h (https://uk.pinterest.com/pin/361273201337246526/) Fig 02.12i (https://uk.pinterest.com/pin/231161393350491056/) Fig 02.12j (https://uk.pinterest.com/pin/126382333269825361/) Fig 02.12k (https://uk.pinterest.com/pin/345229127662652308/) Fig 02.12l (https://uk.pinterest.com/pin/126382333267724641/) Fig 02.12m (https://uk.pinterest.com/pin/138767232238278217/) Fig 02.12n (https://uk.pinterest.com/pin/331929435013981646/) Fig 02.12o(https://uk.pinterest.com/pin/389420699009303932/) Fig 02.12p (https://uk.pinterest.com/pin/324118504408891644/) Fig 02.12q (https://uk.pinterest.com/pin/564075922057116522/) Fig 03.31a (https://www.pinterest.com/pin/442337994626100724/) Fig 03.22a,b,c (http://www.archdaily.com/781176/swiss-national-museum-christ-and-gantenbein) Fig 03.31b (https://www.pinterest.com/pin/516084438529857926/) Fig 04.11a (http://www.heritage-explorer.co.uk/web/he/howtoguidesdetail.aspx?id=11431) Fig 04.11b (http://www.dezeen.com/2012/11/06/concrete-house-by-no-555/) Fig 04.11c (https://uk.pinterest.com/pin/266767977900696319/) Fig 04.11d (https://uk.pinterest.com/pin/337840409524103996/) Fig 04.12a (https://uk.pinterest.com/pin/103160647691796726/) Fig 04.12b (https://www.pinterest.com/pin/302233824962601025/) Fig 04.12c and Fig 04.12c1 (http://www.archdaily.com/538826/pancho-arena-tamas-dobrosi-doparumarchitects/) Fig 04.13a (https://uk.pinterest.com/pin/324751823111287148/) Fig 04.13b (https://uk.pinterest.com/pin/324751823111287262/) Fig 04.13c (https://uk.pinterest.com/pin/324751823111287212/) Fig 04.13d (https://uk.pinterest.com/pin/324751823110606122/) Fig 04.13e (https://uk.pinterest.com/pin/324751823111287210/) Fig 04.13f (https://uk.pinterest.com/pin/324751823110606105/) Fig 04.13g (https://uk.pinterest.com/pin/324751823110606117/) Fig 04.13h (https://uk.pinterest.com/pin/324751823111287092/) Fig 04.13i (https://uk.pinterest.com/pin/338966309434152137/) Fig 04.13j(https://uk.pinterest.com/pin/324751823111287201/) Fig 04.13k (https://uk.pinterest.com/pin/324751823110606094/) Fig 04.13l (https://uk.pinterest.com/pin/515240013600562983/) Fig 04.42a (https://uk.pinterest.com/pin/383650461980480713/) Fig 04.42b (http://www.abuildersengineer.com/2012/12/slurry-method-of-construction-drilled.html) Fig 04.42a (http://www.kellerholding.com/files/keller/content/images/services_solutions/techniques/ keller_ductile-driven-piles.png)

Anon, (2016). 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: http://www.fwpa.com.au/images/marketaccess/PNA140-0809_ Research_Report_Timber_in_MultiResidential_buildings_0.pdf [Accessed 4 Apr. 2016].

Anon, (2016). 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: http://www.novovent.com/assets/files/pdf/descargas/eng/ NOVOVENTKiteng.pdf [Accessed 4 Apr. 2016].

05.2 Bibliographies:

Anon, (2016). [online] Available at: http://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Procurement_route [Accessed 7 Apr. 2016].

Arrow.dit.ie. (2016). [online] Available at: http://arrow.dit.ie/cgi/viewcontent. cgi?article=1028&context=beschreoth [Accessed 7 Apr. 2016].

Google Books. (2016). Architectural Detailing. [online] Available at: https://books.google.co.uk/ Designingbuildings.co.uk. (2016). Cost control in building design and construction - Designing Buildings Wiki. [online] Available at: http://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Cost_control_in_building_design_and_ construction [Accessed 7 Apr. 2016].

Designingbuildings.co.uk. (2016). Risk in building design and construction - Designing Buildings Wiki. [online] Available at: http://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Risk_in_building_design_and_construction [Accessed 7 Apr. 2016].

Gibson, O. (2006). Internet means end for media barons, says Murdoch. [online] the Guardian. Available at: http://www.theguardian.com/media/2006/mar/14/newmedia.studentmediaawards [Accessed 7 Apr. 2016].

LOUIS KAHN’S THEORY OF ‘INSPIRED RITUAL’ AND ARCHITECTURAL SPACE. (2016). Architectural Theory Review. [online] Available at: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/13264820109478418 [Accessed 2 Apr. 2016].

Issuu. (2014). Modern Concrete Construction Manual. [online] Available at: https://issuu.com/detailmagazine/docs/bk_modern_concrete_construction_201/1 [Accessed 1 Apr. 2016].

Openbookpublishers.com. (2016). Privilege and Property: Essays on the History of Copyright - Open Book Publishers. [online] Available at: http://www.openbookpublishers.com/product/26/privilegeand-property--essays-on-the-history-of-copyright [Accessed 6 Apr. 2016].

Designingbuildings.co.uk. (2016). Risk in building design and construction - Designing Buildings Wiki. [online] Available at: http://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Risk_in_building_design_and_construction [Accessed 7 Apr. 2016].

Ejse.org. (2016). Shrinkage, Cracking and Deflection of Concrete Structures. [online] Available at: http:// www.ejse.org/Archives/Fulltext/200101/02/20010102.htm [Accessed 3 Apr. 2016].

The Stationers’ Company. (2016). The Stationers’ Company. [online] Available at: https://stationers.org/ [Accessed 7 Apr. 2016].

Designingbuildings.co.uk. (2016). Traditional contract: detailed design - Designing Buildings Wiki. [online] Available at: http://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Traditional_contract:_detailed_design [Accessed 4 Apr. 2016].

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06 Appendix

05.1 Design Developments Ground Floor Plan 1:500 1st and 2nd Floor Plan 1:500

Ground Floor Plan 99

2nd Floor Plan

1st Floor Plan 100

Worshipful Company of Stationers and Newspaper Makers