Apps496

INTERPERSONAL HELP-SEEKING

579

Situation factors ~ Ego-involving vs. task-involving context ~ Gender ideology ~ Individualistic vs. collectivistic culture ~ Org. policies/politics

Group level

Individual level Salient beliefs Task factors

Control beliefs

Perceived behavioral control

Normative beliefs

Subjective norm

~ Task difficulty/problem trigger event ~ Task importance ~ Problem severity

Help-seeking intention

Help-seeking behavior

Person factors ~ Self-esteem ~ Learning vs. performance goal orientation ~ Need for power ~ Social competence ~ Dependent personality

Behavioral beliefs Value + Task accomplishment + Learning - Self-esteem protection - Public image protection - Avoid indebtedness & dependence

Attitude toward help-seeking

Expectancy ~ Task accomplishment ~ Learning ~ Self-esteem protection ~ Public image protection ~ Avoid indebtedness & dependence

FIGURE 1.

Instrumental interpersonal help-seeking.

associated with help-seeking, while ValueLearning refers to individuals’ subjective valuation of learning that is associated with help-seeking. Research shows that various person, situation, and task factors affect the magnitudes of ValueTask Accomplishment and ValueLearning.

A dispositional factor that may affect ValueLearning and ValueTask Accomplishment is people’s goal orientation. According to Dweck and Leggett (1988), people have different goal orientations in achievement contexts (i.e. contexts such as schools and organisations where people’s performances are evaluated against a standard of excellence and are tied to valued rewards; Atkinson, 1964)— © 2012 The Author. Applied Psychology: An International Review © 2012 International Association of Applied Psychology.