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len by night. 40 There I was: by day the heat consumed me, and the cold by night, and my sleep fled from my eyes. 41 These twenty years I have been in your house. d I served you fourteen years for your two daughters, and six years for your flock, and e you have changed my wages ten times. 42 f If the God of my father, the God of Abraham and the g Fear of Isaac, had not been on my side, surely now you would have sent me away empty-handed. h God saw my affliction and the labor of my hands and i rebuked you last night.” 43 Then Laban answered and said to Jacob, “The daughters are my daughters, the children are my children, the flocks are my flocks, and all that you see is mine. But what can I do this day for these my daughters or for their children whom they have borne? 44 Come now, j let us make a covenant, you and I. kAnd let it be a witness between you and me.” 45 So Jacob l took a stone and set it up as a pillar. 46 And Jacob said to his kinsmen, “Gather stones.” And they took stones and made a heap, and they ate there by the heap. 47 Laban called it Jegar-sahadutha,1 but Jacob called it Galeed.2 48 Laban said, m “This heap is a witness between you and me today.” Therefore he named it Galeed, 49 n and Mizpah,3 for he said, “The Lord watch between you and me, when we are out of one another’s sight. 50 If you oppress my daughters, or if you take wives besides
Altar built by Abraham, Isaac, or Jacob
22
23
24
25
26
“Joseph is b a fruitful bough, a fruitful bough by a spring; his branches run over the wall.2 The archers c bitterly attacked him, shot at him, and harassed him severely, yet d his bow remained unmoved; his arms3 were made agile by the hands of the e Mighty One of Jacob (from there is f the Shepherd,4 g the Stone of Israel), h by the God of your father who will help you, by i the Almighty5 j who will bless you with blessings of heaven above, blessings of the deep that crouches beneath, blessings of the breasts and of the womb. The blessings of your father are mighty beyond the blessings of my parents, up to the bounties k of the everlasting hills.6 May they be l on the head of Joseph, and on the brow of him who was set apart from his brothers.
Sea
Jordan River
N
GILE A D
an
err dit
A
Succoth? Mahanaim? Penuel?
Jabbok River Bethel
N
Ai?
Timnah
A
Salem? (Jerusalem)
Bethlehem
Adullam
C
Jericho
Mamre Hebron
To EDOM
Gerar? Succoth? Beersheba 0 0
10 10
20
20 30
01.Genesis.indd 63
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required for embalming. And the Egyptians x wept for him seventy days. 4 And when the days of weeping for him were past, Joseph spoke to the household of Pharaoh, saying, y “If now I have found favor in your eyes, please speak in the ears of Pharaoh, saying, 5 My father made me swear, saying, ‘I am about to die: in my tomb z that I hewed out for myself in the land of Canaan, there shall you bury me.’ Now therefore, let me please go up and bury my father. Then I will return.” 6 And Pharaoh answered, “Go up, and bury your father, as he made you swear.” 7 So Joseph went up to bury his father. With him went up all the servants of Pharaoh, the elders of his household, and all the elders of the land of Egypt, 8 as well as all the household of Joseph, his brothers, and his father’s household. Only their children, their flocks, and
Jacob’s Death and Burial
27m [Judg. 20:21, 25; Ezek. 22:27] n Zech. 14:1; [Ezek. 39:10] 29o ver. 33; ch. 25:8 p ch. 47:30 q ch. 50:13; [ch. 23:9] 30r See ch. 23:16-18 31s ch. 23:19; 25:9 t ch. 35:29 33u ver. 29 Chapter 50 1v ch. 46:4 2w ver. 26; [2 Chr. 16:14; Mark 16:1; Luke 23:56; John 19:39, 40]
49:22–26 Addressed to Joseph, but applicable to his two sons (cf. 48:15–20), these words thrust forth a contrasting experience of growth and prosperity alongside hostility and conflict. Verses 23–24 may be a biography of Joseph. No other tribe had such direct reference to the Lord God (vv. 24–25) in their blessing as addressed to Joseph. The four names for God well reflect Joseph’s emphasis on the sovereignty of his God, no matter the misfortune and grief that attended his way (cf. v. 23). Samuel was from Ephraim, Gideon from Manasseh. 49:27 The warlike nature of the small tribe of Benjamin became well known, as exhibited in their archers and slingers (Judg. 20:16; 1 Chron. 8:40; 12:2; 2 Chron. 14:8; 17:17) and in their brazen defense of their wickedness in Gibeah (Judg. 19; 20). Both Sauls in the Bible were from this tribe: the first king in Israel (1 Sam. 9:1–2) and the apostle Paul (Phil. 3:5). 49:29–32 Jacob’s dying instructions were fully carried out (cf. 50:12–14). See 23:6–20. 49:31 there i buried leah. Honor was finally accorded to Leah in death and in Jacob’s request to be buried alongside his wife, as were his fathers. Burial alongside Rachel, the beloved wife, was not requested.
Jabbok River Penuel? Mahanaim?
30 mi 40 km
89
is a ravenous wolf, in the morning devouring the prey and at evening n dividing the spoil.”
28 All these are the twelve tribes of Israel. This is what their father said to them as he blessed them, blessing each with the blessing suitable to him. 29 Then he commanded them and said to them, “I am to be o gathered to my people; p bury me with my fathers q in the cave that is in the field of Ephron the Hittite, 30 in the cave that is in the field at Machpelah, to the east of Mamre, in the land of Canaan, r which Abraham bought with the field from Ephron the Hittite to possess as a burying place. 31 s There they buried Abraham and Sarah his wife. There t they buried Isaac and Rebekah his wife, and there I buried Leah— 32 the field and the cave that is in it were bought from the Hittites.” 33 When Jacob finished commanding his sons, he drew up his feet into the bed and breathed his last and u was gathered to his people. Then Joseph v fell on his father’s face and wept over him and kissed him. 2 And Joseph commanded his servants the physicians to w embalm his father. So the physicians embalmed Israel. 3 Forty days were required for it, for that is how many are
JOSEPH—A TYPE OF CHRIST Joseph
AdAm to IsrAel’s twelve trIbes Adam Abel
Seth
Lamech
Noah Shem
Ham
Japheth
Terah Haran Lot
Abraham Ishmael
Moab Ammon
Isaac
Jacob
Midian Esau
Twelve Tribes
49:33 Jacob . . . breathed his last. C. 1858 b.c. gathered to his people. See note on 25:8.
Parallels
Jesus
37:2
A shepherd of his father’s sheep
John 10:11, 27–29
37:3
His father loved him dearly
Matt. 3:17
37:4
Hated by his brothers
John 7:4–5
37:13–14
Sent by father to brothers
Heb 2:11
37:20
Others plotted to harm them
John 11:53
37:23
Robes taken from them
John 19:23–24
37:26
Taken to Egypt
Matt. 2:14–15
37:28
Sold for the price of a slave
Matt. 26:15
39:7
Tempted
39:16–18
Falsely accused
39:20
Bound in chains
Matt. 27:2
40:2–3
Placed with two other prisoners, one who was saved and the other lost
Luke 23:32
41:41
Exalted after suffering
Matt. 4:1
Phil. 2:9–11
Matt. 26:59–60
41:46
Both 30 years old at the beginning of public recognition
Luke 3:23
42:24; 45:2, 14, 15; 46:29
Both wept
John 11:35
45:1–15
Forgave those who wronged them
Luke 23:34
45:7
Saved their nation
Matt. 1:21
50:20
What men did to hurt them, God turned to good
1 Cor 2:7–8 © 1997 by Thomas Nelson, Inc.
©1997 by Thomas Nelson, Inc.
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Composite Sample Pages 01.Genesis.indd 89
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Devotional
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01.Genesis.indd 88
8a See ch. 45:10 10b [2 Sam. 1:17; Acts 8:2] c [ver. 3] 13d ch. 49:29, 30; [Acts 7:16] e ch. 23:16
GEnESIS 50:14
their herds were left a in the land of Goshen. 9 And there went up with him both chariots and horsemen. It was a very great company. 10 When they came to the threshing floor of Atad, which is beyond the Jordan, b they lamented there with a very great and grievous lamentation, and he c made a mourning for his father seven days. 11 When the inhabitants of the land, the Canaanites, saw the mourning on the threshing floor of Atad, they said, “This is a grievous mourning by the Egyptians.” Therefore the place was named Abel-mizraim;1 it is beyond the Jordan. 12 Thus his sons did for him as he had commanded them, 13 for d his sons carried him to the land of Canaan and buried him in the cave of the field at Machpelah, to the east of Mamre, which Abraham e bought with the field from Ephron the Hittite to possess as a burying place. 14 After he had
50:2–3 physicians to embalm. Joseph summoned medical men, who were 50:3–6 Once normal embalming and mourning had been properly observed fully capable of embalming, rather than the religious embalmers in order to according to Egyptian custom, Joseph was free to seek permission to conduct avoid the magic and mysticism associated with their practices. Usually in Egypt, a funeral in Canaan. mummifying was a 40-day process, which included gutting the body, drying 50:7–11 Out of respect for Joseph, a substantial escort accompanied him it, and wrapping it. and all his relatives into the land of Canaan. This extraordinary event gave
50
Cain
3x [ver. 10; Num. 20:29; Deut. 34:8; 1 Sam. 31:13; Job 2:13] 4y ch. 47:29; See ch. 33:15 5z 2 Chr. 16:14; Isa. 22:16; Matt. 27:60
1 Abel-mizraim means mourning (or meadow) of Egypt
1 Or he gives beautiful words, or that bears fawns of the fold 2 Or Joseph is a wild donkey, a wild donkey beside a spring, his wild colts beside the wall 3 Hebrew the arms of his hands 4 Or by the name of the Shepherd 5 Hebrew Shaddai 6 A slight emendation yields (compare Septuagint) the blessings of the eternal mountains, the bounties of the everlasting hills
I can’t describe to you how beautifully the MacArthur Study Bible (ESV) is laid out. I’ve never seen anything like it—the interior design, the readability, and the facility with which you will be able to move through the notes. There are 80,000 cross-references in addition to the notes. It also has brand new maps, with the latest photography, archaeological discovery, and digital composition. In addition to that, of course, is the explanation of the text. And at the end of the day, the true meaning of the text is what is really important.
Beth-shean Dothan
Shechem
Joppa
27 m “Benjamin
21a [Deut. 33:23] 22b ch. 41:52; Josh. 17:14, 18 23c [ch. 37:24, 28; 39:20] 24d Job 29:20 e Ps. 132:2, 5; Isa. 1:24 f Ps. 23:1; 80:1 g Isa. 28:16; Eph. 2:20; 1 Pet. 2:4; [Deut. 32:4] 25h ch. 35:3; 50:17 i ch. 17:1; 35:11 j Deut. 33:13 26k Deut. 33:15; Hab. 3:6 l Deut. 33:16
49:21 Deer-like speed and agility marked Naphtali’s military prowess (cf. Judg. 4:6; 5:18). The song of Deborah and Barak, who hailed from Naphtali (Judg. 4:6), is representative of his eloquent words (Judg. 5).
Jacob Returns to Canaan c. 1976/1810 b.c. After acquiring wealth in Paddan-aram, Jacob returned to Canaan. He came to Mahanaim, where he sent his household ahead of him and crossed the Jabbok alone. There he wrestled with a mysterious man until morning and named the place Peniel (also called Penuel). Jacob then encountered his brother Esau, who had come from Edom to meet him. After the two were reconciled, Esau returned to Edom, while Jacob journeyed to Canaan.
Hazor
Sea of Galilee
Me
ment was properly sanctioned and concluded and thus they parted company. All contact between Abraham’s kin in Canaan and Mesopotamia appears to
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is a doe let loose that bears beautiful fawns.1
Jacob went on his way, and the angels of God met him. 2 And when Jacob saw them he said, “This is God’s t camp!” So he called the name of that place u Mahanaim.2 3 And Jacob sent3 messengers before him to Esau his brother in the land of v Seir, the country of Edom, 4 instructing them, “Thus you shall say to my lord Esau: Thus says your servant Jacob, ‘I have sojourned with Laban and stayed until now. 5 I have oxen, donkeys, flocks, male servants, and female servants. I have sent to tell my lord, in order that w I may find favor in your sight.’ ” 6 And the messengers returned to Jacob, saying, “We came to your brother Esau, and x he is coming to meet you, and there are four hundred men with him.” 7 Then Jacob was y greatly afraid and distressed. He divided the
Megiddo
88
GEnESIS 49:21 21 a “Naphtali
32
Jacob’s return from Paddan-aram
have ended at this point. 31:47–49 Jegar-sahadutha . . . Galeed . . . Mizpah. The first two words mean in Aramaic and also Hebrew, “heap of witnesses” (see esv footnote). The third word means “watchpost.” 31:53 God of nahor. Laban’s probable syncretistic paralleling of the God of Abraham with that of Nahor and Terah, his brother and father respectively, elicited Jacob again using “the Fear of his father Isaac,” a reference to the true God (v. 42), for he certainly could not give credence to any of Laban’s syncretistic allusions. 32:1 the angels of God. With one crisis behind him and before him the suspense of having to face Esau, Jacob was first met by an angelic host, who must have reminded him of Bethel, which served also as a timely reminder and encouragement of God’s will being done on earth (28:11–15). 32:2 God’s camp . . . Mahanaim. Meaning “two camps,” i.e., one being God’s and one being his own. It was located east of the Jordan River in Gilead near the Jabbok River. 32:3 Seir . . . edom. The territory of Esau south of the Dead Sea. 32:7 greatly afraid and distressed. He had sought reconciliation with Esau (vv. 4–5), but the report of the returning envoys (v. 6) only confirmed his deepest suspicions that Esau’s old threat against him (27:41–42) had not abated over the years, and his coming with force betokened only disaster (32:8, 11). He prepared for the attack by dividing his company of people and animals.
01.Genesis.indd 62
Jacob Fears Esau
Reference
A passion reigns in my heart for people to understand the Scripture. It is fine to read the Bible—to be able to pick out a few things that you sort of get here and there—but since every Word of God is pure and true, it is vital to get the details. So a number of years ago I put together the notes—almost 25,000 notes—along with graphs and charts.
Chapter 32 2t [Josh. 5:14; Luke 2:13] u Josh. 21:38; 2 Sam. 2:8; 17:24, 27; 1 Kgs. 2:8 3v ch. 36:8, 9; Deut. 2:5; Josh. 24:4 5w ch. 33:8, 15 6x ch. 33:1 7y ch. 35:3
Esau’s pursuit of Jacob
1 Aramaic the heap of witness 2 Hebrew the heap of witness 3 Mizpah means watchpost
31:34–35 One dishonest deed needed further dishonesty and trickery to cover it up. 31:35 the way of women. Rachel claimed she was having her menstrual period. 31:37 decide between us two. Rachel’s theft and dishonest cover-up had precipitated a major conflict between her father and her husband that could only be resolved by judicial inquiry before witnesses. 31:38–42 Jacob registered his complaint that he had unfairly borne the losses normally carried by the owner and had endured much discomfort in fulfilling his responsibility. Jacob also delivered his conclusion that except for the oversight of God, Laban may very well have fleeced him totally. 31:42 Fear of isaac. Also see “the Fear of his father Isaac” (v. 53). This was another divine name, signifying Jacob’s identification of the God who caused Isaac to reverence him. 31:43 Laban pled his case, amounting to nothing more than the manifestation of his grasping character, by claiming everything was his. 31:44 let us make a covenant. Although Laban did regard all in Jacob’s hands as his—after all Jacob had arrived 20 years before with nothing— nevertheless, the matter was clearly ruled in Jacob’s favor, since Laban left with nothing. A treaty was struck in the customary fashion (vv. 45–51) in which they covenanted not to harm one another again (v. 52). With heaps of stones as testaments to the treaty named and in place (vv. 47–49), with the consecration meals having been eaten (vv. 46, 54), and with the appropriate oaths and statements made in the name of their God (vv. 50, 53), the agree-
GEnESIS 32:7
50o Judg. 11:10; 1 Sam. 12:5; Jer. 42:5; Mic. 1:2; [Job 16:19] 52p ver. 43, 44 53q ver. 42 54r ver. 37 55s ver. 28, 43
1 Ch 32:1 in Hebrew 2 Mahanaim means two camps 3 Or had sent
ane
41d ch. 29:27, 28 e ver. 7 42f Ps. 124:1, 2 g ver. 53 h See ch. 29:32 i ver. 29 44 j ch. 26:28 k Josh. 24:27 45l ch. 28:18 48m ver. 44 49n Judg. 11:29, 34
my daughters, although no one is with us, see, o God is witness between you and me.” 51 Then Laban said to Jacob, “See this heap and the pillar, which I have set between you and me. 52 p This heap is a witness, and the pillar is a witness, that I will not pass over this heap to you, and you will not pass over this heap and this pillar to me, to do harm. 53 The God of Abraham and the God of Nahor, the God of their father, judge between us.” So Jacob swore by the q Fear of his father Isaac, 54 and Jacob offered a sacrifice in the hill country and called r his kinsmen to eat bread. They ate bread and spent the night in the hill country. 55 1 Early in the morning Laban arose and kissed s his grandchildren and his daughters and blessed them. Then Laban departed and returned home.
Dead S ea
32z [ch. 44:9] 35a [Lev. 19:32] 37b ver. 54 39c [Ex. 22:12]
Text
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62
GEnESIS 31:32
thought that you would take your daughters from me by force. 32 zAnyone with whom you find your gods shall not live. In the presence of our kinsmen point out what I have that is yours, and take it.” Now Jacob did not know that Rachel had stolen them. 33 So Laban went into Jacob’s tent and into Leah’s tent and into the tent of the two female servants, but he did not find them. And he went out of Leah’s tent and entered Rachel’s. 34 Now Rachel had taken the household gods and put them in the camel’s saddle and sat on them. Laban felt all about the tent, but did not find them. 35 And she said to her father, “Let not my lord be angry that I cannot a rise before you, for the way of women is upon me.” So he searched but did not find the household gods. 36 Then Jacob became angry and berated Laban. Jacob said to Laban, “What is my offense? What is my sin, that you have hotly pursued me? 37 For you have felt through all my goods; what have you found of all your household goods? Set it here before my kinsmen and b your kinsmen, that they may decide between us two. 38 These twenty years I have been with you. Your ewes and your female goats have not miscarried, and I have not eaten the rams of your flocks. 39 What was torn by wild beasts I did not bring to you. I bore the loss of it myself. c From my hand you required it, whether stolen by day or sto-
9
A
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