Morphological variation in introduced Iberian pumpkinseeds
Vila-Gispert A., Fox M., Zamora L. & Moreno-Amich R. Journal of Fish Biology (2007) 71, 163–181
The pumpkinseed in Europe • Multiple introductions dating as far back as the late 1800’s • Presently one of the most common non-native fishes in Europe • Known occurrence in 28 European countries • Wide range of habitats ….
Morphological differences between littoral and pelagic forms
Littoral forms • gibbose body form • more posterior fin placement • longer pectoral fins • fewer gill rakers, more widely spaced
Pelagic forms • more fusiform body form • more anterior fin placement • shorter pectoral fins • gill rakers more tightly spaced on gill arch
MORPHOMETRIC MEASURES • 11 external morphological measures of functional significance (body depth, fin size and location, caudal peduncle length and depth)
•
7 internal measures (gill rakers and pharyngeal toothplate dimensions)
Distance between gill rakers 1 & 2 (DBGR1/2)
Maximum length (GRL1)
Distance between gill rakers 2 & 3 (DBGR2/3)
Maximum width (GRW1)
•
7 internal measures (gill rakers and pharyngeal toothplate dimensions)
Maximum length Maximum width
Maximum width
Maximum length
Po
Multivariate analysis with 11 external measures 6
Banyoles Boadella Looncall Lit Looncall Pel Pozec reserv Ribaroja Susqueda
4
Catalonian waterbodies here
Axis 2
2
}
0
-2
Looncall ecomorphs here
-4
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
Axis 1
shorter shorter more anterior
caudal peduncle pectoral fins prepectoral distance
longer longer more posterior
Regional differences in body and fin morphology: caudal peduncle length
Canada (Looncall Lake ecomorphs)
Catalonian reservoirs and lake Mean difference in peduncle length: • 17% dorsal • 19% ventral
DFA with 7 internal measures Populations
4
Banyoles Boadella
Benthic feeding populations greater
Looncall Lit Looncall Pel Pozec reserv Ribaroja
2
Axis 2
Susqueda
distance between gill rakers
0
-2
lesser
-4
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
Axis 1
smaller
pharyngeal toothplate
larger
Zooplankton feeding populations
Molluscivory
Differences in feeding structures fit with prey consumption patterns: distance between gill rakers
zooplankton feeders macroinvertebrate feeders Mean difference in spacing: 49% 16-43% difference in pharyngeal toothplate dimensions between high and low mollusc feeding pops
Genetic & phenotypic plasticity experiments: Catalan vs Canadian genotypes
Photos: Y. Bhagat
Invasive
Native
Functional differences
Invasive
Native
Functional differences