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.REVIEW.
_.:-
GAELIC ETYMOLOGY. In examining recent Scottish Gaelic publications one cannot but be struck by the fact that, if a scholar through death has himself been unable to bring out his book, there are always found willing hands whose sole desire. has been, as it would seem, to complete the work for him with the utmost effort of loving. care. Alexander Mac Bain did this for Dr. Cameron as regards Reliqui'8 Celticm, and the lil�e has now_ 1:>een done in tum for the former by our Oireacthas vis1tor, Calum Mac Pharlain, who has produced a second edition of An Etymological Dictionayy of the Gaelic Mr. Mac Pharlain states in his Editorial Language. Note: "Nothing has been left out which could be deciphered, or applied with any measure �f con�dence. Even queried suggestions have been given, m the belief that mere fl.ashes of thought by an expert may often point the way towards correct :findings." From this it is clear that there is much in the book that the author himself would probably have revised .b.e�ore publication, and hence the same amount o� cntic1sm does not apply as in the case of more fully revised w?rk. The book contains, besides two prefaces, Outlmes of Gaelic ·Etymology, Dictionary, and National Names and Surnames. Both of the prefaces seem to show, unfortunately, a certain prejudice against. what Dr. Mac Bain styles Irish words, many of which, so regarded by him, are also used in Scotland, as has been proved by reviews on the first edition. Probably the best part of the work is that on National Names and Surnames at the end, amounting to only 19 pages, this being a subjec� of whi�h th«:: author had especial knowledge, and which he mvestigated carefully. . Dr. The Outlines also show careful preparation. MacBain's classification of Irish therein is as follows : (1) Old Irish, 800 to 1000 A.D. ; (2) Early Iris�, or Early :\fiddle Irish, 1000 to 1200 A.D. ; (3) Middle Irish, 1200 to 1550; (4) _Modern Irish, 1550 to �he present time; a classification not altogether agreemg with that of other�. The Dictionary portion is by far the weakest section. It� principal value may be set dO\�n as a �ood rt:cord of manv words peculiar to Scottish Gaehc, qmte a larae ni.imber of these being very local in their range. Th� etymoloo-ies given are sometimes correct, sometimes {ncorre�t, and occasionally manifold and co�By the latter we mean especi�ly cases m fusing. which speculations of different scholars m regard to the same word are given-there are instances of as
Reme11ttber
--
LAKKIN,
99 Lower Dorset Street, . FOR .
Plumbing. £igbtin9 and fi�aling.
The Cheapest House in Town For Chandtery,
J. C. LARKIN, 36 �XFORD STREET.
many as four etymologies recorded, the author often not attempting to bring t?e matter fu�ther. . It is, of course, impossible to exanune the book m detail in a notice of this kind-we merely set down a few desultory notes that have occurred to us. 7\bhaist, custom ; a very common word .in Ra�lin, e.g., Is dbliaist leis, he is wont. i\Ieyer 1s c�rtai�ly right in deriving from Norse dvist, a�ode; cf._ is gn11th leis, he is wont, and gndthog, the la.tr of a wild .beast. which show the same relation to one another m the reverse way. At, hat: From Norse hatt,-, not from Eng. Aighear, mirth ; as the Ir. is aer, aedlieat', from Lat. aer, the etymology proposed cannot be correct. Aimsichte, bold: Cf. amsguighe, awkward, clumsy (Don.). Both represent simply aimsighthe, as regards iorm, if not sense. Amhas, amhusg, wild man, beast man : The suggested borrowing from Gaul. ambactus is impossible, as that should have given • ambaeht, * ammaGM. Mac Bain appears to have been misled by the very recent form amhusg-this has its analogues in the tao:f. (=taos), seanachas{ ( = seanchas), etc., of Co. Doneg , -for he proposes ambaxus as an intermediate form.. Amhuilt, a trick, deceit: The E. Mod. Ir. amhaill, stratagem, etc., should have been compared. Ars, arsa, quoth: The remarks about this are not correct, even in regard to the origin of the -s. Baidh, love : The Ir. is bdidh, not " bdidhe." Balach, clown, lad: The Ir. is bathlach (so :pronounced in Rathlin), not "balach." The comparison with Skr. balakas cannot, therefore, be correct. Balgum, mouthful: Besides "blogam" Ir. also has bolgam, bolmac. . ,, . Bealaidh, broom: ·The existence of "Ir. beallyi may very well be .doubted. Bochuin, sweJlmg, the sea: Another form of Bochuin, gen. bochna, occur in Meath and bochna. Oriel songs. Bolt, a welt: The Ir. is bdlta. Boirionnach, a female=boineannach, id. (Kefrr.). Bothar, a lane: There is no "bothar (Con.)" with short o. The word is connected with bo ("cow-path" ; cf. Cowbooter Lane in Howth, anglicised from B6thar na mb6, a name showing an emphasis of the idea),. It has its reflex in Skr. gotl'a (Marstrander). Briathar, a word: The etymology given for this ii not that which is most set down by philologists. Br6d, pride : This can scarcely be from Eng. ,Pl'oud• The Arran (Sc.) pnHail = b,-odamhail proves nothing. Have we not also piseach, etc. (for biseach, etc.) in The attempt is, indeed, merely an instance Sc. G.? · of wild guessing. Bruthainn, sultriness, heat: Cf. the Con. (Mayo) bJ'uithean, fervour, spirit? Builionn, a lo:1f: This cannot be from "0 Fr. *boulange" for Ir., besides builtn, has also builbhln an 1 bul,og: all from a root *bulbh- (*bul-) with :which cf. Do Bhul for De Bhulbh = Wolfe, as regards loss of -bh- in some forms. "Bunndaist, a bounty, grassum, �r. bunntaist.; from Eng. poundage," The Ir. is buntaiste, from Eng. vantage, and the origin of the Sc. G. form must, of course, be the same. Capall, a horse, mare : The latest view of thi� seems to be that caballus is not the origin of the Insh an!1 Welsh words, which indicate • caf,pullos, but that 1t was probably borrowed by the Romans from the Gauls as many other words of the kind were. Caspanach, parallel: cf. Sc. G. caspainn, Ir. (E. Uls.) coispedn, footstep, which may be merely local corruptions of coisceim ; " stepping together " ? Ceannard, commander, chief=Mamc kinnoorl, Ir. ceannphorl. Ceannard is irrelevant. Ceamabhan, ceard-dubhan, ceardaman, hornet: Add ceiYneamdn, ceinleamdn, hornet (Mon.) Clobha, a pair of tongs : clobha is used in Co. Don. A borrowing: Crodan, the gurnet = Ir. cnuddt1. from Sc. Cl'OoneY seems mos.t improbable. . Coimhdhe, God : " The fanciful ' Coibhi. the Celticarch-druid, " is nothing more nor less than the" Cathbhadh caomhdhraoi ' of the Irish Rudrician tales. Neither Sheriff Nicolson (Gaelic Proverbs) nor Coibhi Dr. Mac Bain ever learnt that simple fact. was not Bede's Coifi, neither does he 1'epr�nt This shows that Scottish scholars require Coimhdhe. to read more of Irish literature before attempting to theorise. Corra-biod, corra-beaga, an attitude of readiness to start : This is the Ir. (Muns.) COJ'Ya-giob, (Con.) coYYa-geabh, (Don.) coYYa-bionga, (Louth and '.Don.) gluine beaga (different word in first part), "hunkers." Add cuYYaidh, sitting on hunkers, page 392. ,. Croit, a croft: Ir. (Ossory) cYochta, which, curiously enough, is usually anglic�d Crett in place-names. Daorach, intoxication: Also found in Ireland (Uls.) : al' a' daOJ'aigh (Rathlin), al' daofre (Mon.), af' daOJ'aiglt The proposed connection {Don.), enraged, furious. with the Sc. deYay, M. Eng. de,-a,, Fr. desJ'oi. is"more than doubtful. Dar, when (conj.) : Not for "'n uafr," but from Mid Ir. dia ,-o =Mod. Ir. daY in l4 daJ', etc. Ir. deimheas is also pronounced dimheas. Di pin : dipin, ipin (Don.). Drip, hurry, confusion : Add Ir. driopas, griopas, same sense (Con.) Druid, starling: Add Ir. (Uls.) fruideog. . Eadradh, milking-time : The Mod. Ir. forms are m It can scarcely be reality eadYadh (N.y. eadarlha (S.) eadar + trdth. Easga, the moon : Add Manx eeast. Falluing, a mantle: Not from Lat. palla, pallium. but from M.E. faldin�. a Teutonic word. Inntreadh, intreachduinn, a beginning, entering ; from Eng. entering. So Ir. (Wat., Mon.) has ionntYdil. Luspardan, a pigmy, sprite : This is Mid. Ir. luchorpdn, now existing in many variant corruptions of which the best-known is the Anglo-Ir. lepYechaun. :\Iaois, a large basket, etc. : .lfaoiseog (Don.)= a mease. )lulad, sadness: This in Rathlin is mulaid, a variant form that may help to clear up the word ; cf. Sc. G. diit for duit, as regards loss of -i-. Musuinn, confusion, tumult: The Ir. muisiun can scarcely be the same word. Padhadh, thirst: The form in Rathlin is bddh (proThis is against any connection with nounced bdg). poit. Piochan, a wheezing : The Ir. form is piocluin, not " spiochan " (1) Tuaileas, reproach, scandal : cf. titalas (Or.), tualasg (Don.), tidings, report.