thus providing 3D positioning. SmarTrack can handle from four to 100 members in its network, the multi-hop system adopted extending the range up to several kilometres, its network being also available to transfer C2 information and physiological data. To answer this requirement Raytheon UK developed the DNPS (Dismounted Position and Navigation Sensor). Not many details are provided, the DPNS being based on a suite of sensors that are embedded in a low profile sensor currently mounted on the footwear. According to Raytheon UK, these sensors are not affected by drift over time, drift remaining negligible over distance travelled, thus allowing achieving an accurate 3D positioning and navigation in GPS-denied environment. Not many details were unveiled but it is safe to assume that MEMS accelerators are being used for X/Y navigation while a MEMS barometer provides height differences on the Z-axis. Accuracy is due to proprietary algorithms developed by Raytheon that utilise characteristics of the human gait and walk. The DPNS is fitted with Bluetooth connectivity used to link it with an HMI device, i.e. a PDA; not only, the Raytheon system can detect if the wearer has remained motionless for a certain period of time, which can be set by the user, and send an automatic alarm through the radio network. The sensor also features a vibrational
(haptic) feedback capability, that can be used to exchange basic messages based on an agreed code without the need to use other HMI systems, i.e. a PDA, signals being send over the personal radio. Wearing two DPNS, one on each foot, allows two-way communications, and can also further increase accuracy using sensor fusion techniques. The system features an open architecture and can thus be integrated on various GIS systems, including Android Tactical Assault Kits. Currently the DPNS sensor is fitted to the boot using a harness, but other solutions are being developed. The DNPS being still a developmental programme, no detailed information on batteries, autonomy, dimensions and weight were provided. J
© Elbit Systems
O T o allow reliable
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navigation in GPS-denied areas Elbit Systems of Israel developed the SmarTrack, that provided 3 metres accuracy and weighs only 150 grams.
November / December 2017 – EDR