Antรณnio A. Roque11,2 e Josรฉ M. Ruiz3

Artigo Tรฉcnico

1

DatAnรกlise, Serviรงos e Tรฉcnicas de Manutenรงรฃo, Lda, Oeiras, Portugal 2

IDMEC/ISEL - Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Departamento de Engenharia Mecรขnica, Lisboa, Portugal 3

DatAnรกlise Espaรฑa, SL, Madrid, Espaรฑa

aroque@datanalise.pt ยท aroque@dem.isel.ipl.pt jcalado@dem.isel.ipl.pt ยท jruiz@datanalise.es

Controlo de Condiรงรฃo de Motores Elรฉctricos de Induรงรฃo Trifรกsicos (Anรกlise de Vibraรงรตes versus Anรกlise de Corrente Elรฉctrica) 5HVXPRยณ2VPRWRUHVHOpFWULFRVHVREUHWXGRRVPRWRUHVHOpFWULFRVGHLQGXomRWULIiVLFRVID]HPKRMHSDUWHLQWHJUDQWHGRDFFLR QDPHQWRGDPDLRULDGDVFDGHLDVFLQHPiWLFDVH[LVWHQWHVQDLQG~VWULD2REMHFWLYRGHVWHWUDEDOKRpHVWXGDURVGHIHLWRVTXHRFRUUHP QHVWHVHTXLSDPHQWRVHVREUHWXGRHVWDEHOHFHUXPDPHWRGRORJLDTXHSHUPLWDVDEHUTXDLVGDVWpFQLFDVGHGLDJQyVWLFRยฒDQiOLVHGH YLEUDo}HVHRXDQiOLVHGHFRUUHQWHHOpFWULFDVHUmRDVPDLVHILFD]HVRXDVPDLVVHQVtYHLVQDGHWHFomRGHVVHVGHIHLWRVIDFLOLWDQGRR SURFHVVRGDDQiOLVHGRVGDGRVHUHVSHFWLYRGLDJQyVWLFR

1. Introduรงรฃo

10 ยท MANUTENร‡รƒO

'LVWULEXLomRGH$YDULDV 0RWRUHV(OpFWULFRVGH,QGXomR 1mRHVSHFLILFDGR 

  LR 9H

'XUDQWHRV~OWLPRVDQRVVXUJLUDPQRPHUFDGRQRYDVIHUUDPHQ WDVRULHQWDGDVSDUDRFRQWURORGHFRQGLomRGHPRWRUHVHOpFWULFRV>@ >@EDVHDGDVQRWUDWDPHQWRGRVLQDOHOpFWULFRPHGLGDGHWHQVmRH GH FRUUHQWH HOpFWULFD  $ XWLOL]DomR GH WDLV IHUUDPHQWDV VXSRUWDGDV HP KDUGZDUH HVSHFtILFR PDV H VREUHWXGR DSRLDGDV QXP VRIWZDUH LQRYDGRUSHUPLWHKRMHDRWpFQLFRGHPDQXWHQomRRXDRDQDOLVWDUHV SRQViYHOSRUJDUDQWLUDILDELOLGDGHGRVDFWLYRVDMXL]DUFRPDOJXPD VHJXUDQoDUHODWLYDPHQWHDRHVWDGRGHFRQVHUYDomRRXGHFRQGLomR GRVPRWRUHVHOpFWULFRV>@>@ (VWHWUDEDOKRFRPELQDDDERUGDJHPFOiVVLFDGDDSOLFDomRGDWpF QLFD GD DQiOLVH GH YLEUDo}HV 9LEUDWLRQ $QDO\VLV  >@ FRP D WpFQLFD GDDQiOLVHGHFRUUHQWHHPPRWRUHVHOpFWULFRV0&$0RWRU&XUUHQW $QDO\VLVRX0&6$ยฒ0RWRU&XUUHQW6LJQDWXUH$QDO\VLV >@>@>@FRP RREMHFWLYRGHUHIRUoDURGLDJQyVWLFRSRUXPODGRHSRURXWURODGRDR FRQIURQWDURVUHVXOWDGRVGDDSOLFDomRGDVGXDVWpFQLFDVLQYHVWLJDU HWHQWDUDSRQWDUHPTXHVLWXDo}HVpTXHXPDGDVWpFQLFDVSUHYDOH FHRXpPDLVVHQVtYHOHPUHODomRDRXWUDWpFQLFD&RPRpVDELGR PXLWRVSUREOHPDVPHFkQLFRVTXHRFRUUHPQRVPRWRUHVHOpFWULFRV SRGHP JHUDU SUREOHPDV HOpFWULFRV RX PDQLIHVWDUHPVH FRPR SUR EOHPDVHOpFWULFRVHRLQYHUVRWDPEpPRFRUUH>@3RUH[HPSORXP GHVDOLQKDPHQWR VHYHUR SRGH FULDU YDULDomR GR HQWUHIHUUR H FRPR WDODPEDVDVWpFQLFDVUHIHULGDVGHYHPSRGHUHYLGHQFLDURSUREOHPD 3RVVLYHOPHQWHRUHVXOWDGRGHXPDGDVWpFQLFDVVHUiHYHQWXDOPHQWH PDLVIiFLOGHLQWHUSUHWDUHOLPLQDQGRDVG~YLGDVHFRQWULEXLQGRSDUDD VHJXUDQoDGRGLDJQyVWLFR 2VPRWRUHVGHLQGXomRWULIiVLFRVVmRFRPSDUDWLYDPHQWHPDLVED UDWRVWHPXPDHOHYDGDILDELOLGDGHDSUHVHQWDPXPDVROXomRFRQV WUXWLYDPXLWRVLPSOHVWHPXPUHQGLPHQWRHOHYDGRHIXQFLRQDPGH IRUPDVXDYHHFRQWtQXD3RUWRGDVHVWDVUD]}HVHVWHVPRWRUHVVmR PDLVXWLOL]DGRVQRVDFFLRQDPHQWRVGDVFDGHLDVFLQHPiWLFDVLQGXV

5R WRU  

5RODPHQWRV 'HVHTXLOtEULR 

&DXVDV ([WHUQDV 

(VWDWRU 

)RQWH$UWHVLV

Figura 1 โ€“ Quadro de distribuiรงรฃo de avarias nos motores elรฉctricos de induรงรฃo.

WULDLV&RPDJHQHUDOL]DomRGRVYDULDGRUHVGHYHORFLGDGHHOHFWUyQL FRVDWUDYpVGDYDULDomRGDIUHTXrQFLDGDUHGHHOpFWULFDGHDOLPHQWD omRFRPHoRXDVXUJLUQRPHUFDGRFRPJUDQGHDSOLFDomRDVROXomR GHPRWRUL]DomRTXHDVVRFLDDYDULDomRHOHFWUyQLFDGHYHORFLGDGHH RPRWRUGHLQGXomR(VWDVROXomRHQFRQWUDVHHPIUDQFDH[SDQVmR QRPHDGDPHQWHQDVLQG~VWULDVGHSURFHVVRRQGHDYDULDomRGHYH ORFLGDGHVXUJHFRPRXPSDUkPHWURGHFRQWURORQDRSWLPL]DomRGD HTXDomRGRUHQGLPHQWR 6mRH[HPSORVGHVWDVROXomRRFRQWURORGHJUXSRVHOHFWURERPEDV RQGHRSURFHVVRH[LJHFDXGDOHSUHVVmRYDULiYHLVRXRFRQWURORGD YHORFLGDGHOLQHDUQXPDPiTXLQDGHSURGXomRGHSDSHO)RLH[SUHVVD PHQWHSURMHFWDGRHFRQVWUXtGRSDUDHVWHWUDEDOKRXPPRGHORItVLFR SDUDVLPXODURVYiULRVGHIHLWRVFRQVWLWXtGRSRUXPPRWRUGHLQGXomR WULIiVLFR DFRSODGR XP YDULDGRU HOHFWUyQLFR GH FDUJD XP YDULDGRU HOHFWUyQLFRGHIUHTXrQFLDHXPTXDGURHOpFWULFR(VWHPRGHORItVLFR

Artigo Tรฉcnico

- Frequรชncia passagem das barras do rotor $IUHTXrQFLDGHSDVVDJHPGDVEDUUDVGRURWRUpGDGDSHODH[SUHVVmR

fpbr  Nr nbr

PDLRU VHUi D PRGXODomR HP DPSOLWXGH GR VLQDO QR WHPSR VLQDO GD FRUUHQWHHOpFWULFD HLJXDOPHQWHPDLRUVHUiRQ~PHURGHEDUUDVFRP GHIHLWR1D)LJXUDHQFRQWUDVHRTXDGURGHVHYHULGDGHHPIXQomRGD GLIHUHQoDGDVDPSOLWXGHVHPG%HGRQ~PHURGHEDUUDVFRPGHIHLWR

RQGH  nbr 1~PHURGHEDUUDVGRURWRU Nr 9HORFLGDGHGHURWDomRGRURWRU

- Frequรชncia das ranhuras (slots) do estator $IUHTXrQFLDGDVUDQKXUDVVORWV GRHVWDWRUpGDGDSHODH[SUHVVmR

fse = Nr nse

RQGH Nse 1~PHURGHVORWVGRHVWDWRU Nr 9HORFLGDGHGHURWDomRGRURWRU

C. Anรกlise de vibraรงรตes โ€“ Espectros tรญpicos โ€“ barras partidas 2 HVSHFWUR GH IUHTXrQFLDV WtSLFR UHWLUDGR GR VLQDO QR WHPSR UH FROKLGR QXP SRQWR ItVLFR GR PRWRU SRU H[HPSOR ODGR GR DWDTXH QD GLUHFomR YHUWLFDO  H DVVRFLDGR DR SUREOHPD GH EDUUDV SDUWLGDV DSUH VHQWDDIUHTXrQFLDGHURWDomRGRURWRU[USP HKDUPyQLFDV[[ [ ยซ [ 5SP  FRP EDQGDV ODWHUDLV j IUHTXrQFLD GH SDVVDJHP GRV SyORV fpp  fd p  3DUD VHU SRVVtYHO YLVXDOL]DU DV EDQGDV ODWHUDLV p QHFHVViULRTXHRHVSHFWURVHMDGHDOWDUHVROXomROLQKDVGHUH VROXomRHIUHTXrQFLDPi[LPDGHLQWHUHVVHยฒ)PD[ยฒQmRVXSHULRUD [5SP 6HDGLFLRQDOPHQWHIRUUHFROKLGRRHVSHFWURGHDOWDIUHTXrQFLD FRP)PD[VXSHULRUD[DIUHTXrQFLDGHSDVVDJHPGDVEDUUDVGRURWRU fpbr  Nr nbr  VHUi SRVVtYHO REVHUYDU DV IUHTXrQFLDV [ H [ fpbr  FRPEDQGDVODWHUDLVD[ fl  fl IUHTXrQFLDGDOLQKD

Figura 4 โ€“ Severidade da condiรงรฃo do rotor em funรงรฃo do estado das barras.

G. Anรกlise da corrente elรฉctrica - outros defeitos 2V GHIHLWRV WDLV FRPR H[FHQWULFLGDGH HVWiWLFD H[FHQWULFLGDGH GLQkPLFD H GHJUDGDomR PHFkQLFD RX HOpFWULFD GR HVWDWRU VHUmR DERUGDGRVQRVSUy[LPRVWUDEDOKRV

Referรชncias >@

D. Anรกlise de vibraรงรตes - outros defeitos 2VHVSHFWURVGHIUHTXrQFLDDVVRFLDGRVDRVGHIHLWRVWDLVFRPRH[ FHQWULFLGDGHHVWiWLFDH[FHQWULFLGDGHGLQkPLFDHGHVHTXLOtEULRGHID VHVVHUmRDERUGDGRVHPSUy[LPRVWUDEDOKRV

>@

E. Anรกlise da corrente elรฉctrica - MCA ou MCSA

>@

$DQiOLVHGRVLQDOGDFRUUHQWHHOpFWULFDGRPRWRUยฒ0&$RX0&6$  p XPD GDV WpFQLFDV DX[LOLDUHV GH GLDJQyVWLFR PDLV XWLOL]DGDV SDUD GHWHFWDUGHIHLWRVHPPRWRUHVGHLQGXomR

>@

F. Anรกlise da corrente elรฉctrica - barras partidas (VWDWpFQLFDSDUWHGDDQiOLVHHVSHFWUDOGDFRUUHQWHGRHVWDWRUSDUD GHWHFWDUEDUUDVSDUWLGDVRXILVVXUDGDVQRURWRU2HVSHFWURGHIUHTXrQ FLDVWtSLFRUHWLUDGRGRVLQDOGHFRUUHQWHHDVVRFLDGRDRSUREOHPDGH EDUUDVSDUWLGDVDSUHVHQWDDIUHTXrQFLDGDUHGHIUHTXrQFLDGDOLQKD  fO = 50 HZ  FRPRIUHTXrQFLDFHQWUDOHEDQGDVODWHUDLVHVSDoDGDV GDIUHTXrQFLDGHSDVVDJHPGRVSyORV fpp  fd p  $V IUHTXrQFLDV GDV EDQGDV ODWHUDLV UHIHULGDV fbl  SRGHP VHU FDO FXODGDVDWUDYpVGDH[SUHVVmR fbl = ^1  2sh fl RX fbl = ^1  2ksh fl  FRP   $LGHQWLILFDomRGDVEDQGDVODWHUDLVSRGHUiVHUGLItFLORX PHVPRLPSRVVtYHOSDUDYDORUHVGHHVFRUUHJDPHQWRSHTXHQRLVWRp SDUDRUHJLPHGHFDUJDHPYD]LRGRPRWRU3DUDUHJLPHVGHIXQFLRQD PHQWRHQWUHDGDFDUJDPi[LPDDVEDQGDVODWHUDLVVHUmR IUDQFDPHQWH YLVtYHLV FRPR VHUi FRQILUPDGR QD SDUWH H[SHULPHQWDO GHVWHWUDEDOKR2SURFHGLPHQWRSDUDDYDOLDUDVHYHULGDGHGRHVWDGRGH FRQGLomRGRURWRUFRQVLVWHHPGHWHUPLQDUDGLIHUHQoDHPDPSOLWXGH HQWUHDVEDQGDVODWHUDLVHDDPSOLWXGHGDIUHTXrQFLDGDUHGH4XDQWR PHQRUIRUHVVDGLIHUHQoDPDLRUVHUiDDPSOLWXGHGDVEDQGDVODWHUDLV

12 ยท MANUTENร‡รƒO

>@ >@

>@

>@

>@

,ORQHQ-.DPDUDLQHQ-./LQGK7$KROD-.DOYLDLQHQ+H 3DUWDQHQ- ยด'LDJQRVLVWRROIRUPRWRUFRQGLWLRQPRQLWR ULQJยต,(((7UDQVDFWLRQVRQ,QGXVWU\$SSOLFDWLRQV9RO1R -XO\$XJXVWSS 6LQJK*.H.D]]D] ยด,QGXFWLRQPDFKLQHGULYHFRQGLWLR QLQJPRQLWRULQJDQGGLDJQRVWLFUHVHDUFKยฒDVXUYH\ยต(OHFWULF 3RZHU6\VWHPV5HVHDUFK9RO1R)HEUXDU\SS /LX//RJDQ.3H&DUWHV'$ ยด)DXOWGHWHFWLRQGLDJ QRVLV DQG SURJQRVWLFV VRIWZDUH DJHQW VROXWLRQVยต  ,((( (OHFWULF 6KLS 7HFKQRORJLHV 6\PSRVLXP  -XO\ 3KLODGHO SKLD86$SS 1HZODQG ' ( H 8QJDU ( (   ยด0HFKDQLFDO 9LEUDWLRQ $QDO\VLVDQG&RPSXWDWLRQยต-RXUQDORIWKH$FRXVWLFDO6RFLHW\ RI$PDUHFLFD9RO1R1RYHPEHUSS /HH&: 9LEUDWLRQ$QDO\VLVRI5RWRUV.OXZHU$FDGH PLF3XEOLVKHUV86$ .OLPDQ*%H6WHLQ- ยด0HWKRGVRI0RWRU&XUUHQW6LJ QDWXUHV $QDO\VLVยต (OHFWULF 3RZHU &RPSRQHQWV DQG 6\VWHPV 9RO1RSS 7KRPVRQ:7H)HQJHU0 ยด&XUUHQWVLJQDWXUHDQDO\VLV WR GHWHFW LQGXFWLRQ PRWRU IDXOWVยต ,((( ,QGXVWU\ $SSOLFDWLRQV 0DJD]LQH9RO1R-XO\$XJXVWSS %HQERX]LG0+ ยด$5HYLHZRI,QGXFWLRQ0RWRUV6LJQDWX UH$QDO\VLVDV0HGLXPIRU)DXOWV'HWHFWLRQยต,(((7UDQVDFWLRQV RQ,QGXVWULDO(OHFWURQLFV9RO1R2FWREHUSS %HOOLQL$)LOLSSHWWL))UDQFHVFKLQL*7DVVRQL&.OLPDQ* %   ยด4XDQWLWDWLYH HYDOXDWLRQ RI LQGXFWLRQ PRWRU EURNHQ EDUVE\PHDQVRIHOHFWULFDOVLJQDWXUHDQDO\VLVยต,(((7UDQVDF WLRQVRQ,QGXVWU\$SSOLFDWLRQV9RO1R6HSWHPEHU2FWR EHUSS (Continua na prรณxima ediรงรฃo)