Multicore application programming for windows, linux, and oracle solaris

Multicore Application Programming For Windows, Linux, and Oracle Solaris Lecture Notes, Study Materials and Important questions answers

Subject : Multicore Application Programming For Windows, Linux, and Oracle Solaris Chapter 1 Hardware and Processes and Threads 1.

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Hardware, Processes, and Threads - Answer (click here) Examining the Insides of a Computer - Answer (click here) The Motivation for Multicore Processors - Answer (click here) Supporting Multiple Threads on a Single Chip - Answer (click here) Increasing Instruction Issue Rate with Pipelined Processor Cores Answer (click here)

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Using Caches to Hold Recently Used Data - Answer (click here) Using Virtual Memory to Store Data - Answer (click here) Translating from Virtual Addresses to Physical Addresses - Answer (click here)

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The Characteristics of Multiprocessor Systems - Answer (click here) How Latency and Bandwidth Impact Performance - Answer (click here) The Translation of Source Code to Assembly Language - Answer (click here)

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The Performance of 32-Bit versus 64-Bit Code - Answer (click here) Ensuring the Correct Order of Memory Operations - Answer (click here) The Differences Between Processes and Threads - Answer (click here)

Chapter 2 Coding for Performance 1.

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Coding for Performance - Answer (click here) Defining Performance - Answer (click here) Understanding Algorithmic Complexity - Answer (click here) Why Algorithmic Complexity Is Important - Answer (click here) Using Algorithmic Complexity with Care - Answer (click here) How Structure Impacts Performance - Answer (click here)

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Performance and Convenience Trade-Offs in Source Code and Build Structures - Answer (click here) Using Libraries to Structure Applications - Answer (click here) The Impact of Data Structures on Performance - Answer (click here) The Role of the Compiler - Answer (click here) The Two Types of Compiler Optimization - Answer (click here) Selecting Appropriate Compiler Options - Answer (click here) How Cross-File Optimization Can Be Used to Improve Performance Answer (click here)

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Using Profile Feedback - Answer (click here) How Potential Pointer Aliasing Can Inhibit Compiler Optimizations Answer (click here)

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Identifying Where Time Is Spent Using Profiling - Answer (click here) Commonly Available Profiling Tools - Answer (click here) How Not to Optimize - Answer (click here) Performance by Design - Answer (click here)

Chapter 3 Identifying Opportunities for Parallelism 1.

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Identifying Opportunities for Parallelism - Answer (click here) Using Multiple Processes to Improve System Productivity - Answer (click here)

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Multiple Users Utilizing a Single System - Answer (click here) Improving Machine Efficiency Through Consolidation - Answer (click here) Using Containers to Isolate Applications Sharing a Single System Answer (click here)

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Hosting Multiple Operating Systems Using Hypervisors - Answer (click here)

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Using Parallelism to Improve the Performance of a Single Task - Answer (click here)

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One Approach to Visualizing Parallel Applications - Answer (click here) How Parallelism Can Change the Choice of Algorithms - Answer (click here)

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Amdahl’s Law - Answer (click here) Determining the Maximum Practical Threads - Answer (click here) How Synchronization Costs Reduce Scaling - Answer (click here) Parallelization Patterns - Answer (click here) Data Parallelism Using SIMD Instructions - Answer (click here) Parallelization Using Processes or Threads - Answer (click here) Multiple Independent Tasks - Answer (click here) Multiple Loosely Coupled Tasks - Answer (click here) Multiple Copies of the Same Task - Answer (click here)

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Single Task Split Over Multiple Threads - Answer (click here) Using a Pipeline of Tasks to Work on a Single Item - Answer (click here) Division of Work into a Client and a Server - Answer (click here) Splitting Responsibility into a Producer and a Consumer - Answer (click here)

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Combining Parallelization Strategies - Answer (click here) How Dependencies Influence the Ability Run Code in Parallel - Answer (click here)

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Antidependencies and Output Dependencies - Answer (click here) Using Speculation to Break Dependencies - Answer (click here) Critical Paths - Answer (click here) Identifying Parallelization Opportunities - Answer (click here)

Chapter 4 Synchronization and Data Sharing 1.

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Synchronization and Data Sharing - Answer (click here) Data Races - Answer (click here) Using Tools to Detect Data Races - Answer (click here) Avoiding Data Races - Answer (click here) Synchronization Primitives - Answer (click here) Mutexes and Critical Regions - Answer (click here) Spin Locks - Answer (click here) Semaphores - Answer (click here) Readers-Writer Locks - Answer (click here) Barriers - Answer (click here) Atomic Operations and Lock-Free Code - Answer (click here) Deadlocks and Livelocks - Answer (click here) Communication Between Threads and Processes - Answer (click here) Storing Thread-Private Data - Answer (click here)

Chapter 5 Using POSIX Threads 1.

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Using POSIX Threads - Answer (click here) Creating Threads - Answer (click here) Compiling Multithreaded Code - Answer (click here) Process Termination - Answer (click here) Sharing Data Between Threads - Answer (click here) Variables and Memory - Answer (click here) Multiprocess Programming - Answer (click here) Sockets - Answer (click here) Reentrant Code and Compiler Flags - Answer (click here)

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Windows Threading - Answer (click here)

Chapter 6 Windows Threading 1.

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Creating Native Windows Threads - Answer (click here) Terminating Threads - Answer (click here) Creating and Resuming Suspended Threads - Answer (click here) Using Handles to Kernel Resources - Answer (click here) Methods of Synchronization and Resource Sharing - Answer (click here) An Example of Requiring Synchronization Between Threads - Answer (click here)

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Protecting Access to Code with Critical Sections - Answer (click here) Protecting Regions of Code with Mutexes - Answer (click here) Slim Reader/Writer Locks - Answer (click here) Signaling Event Completion to Other Threads or Processes - Answer (click here)

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Wide String Handling in Windows - Answer (click here) Creating Processes - Answer (click here) Sharing Memory Between Processes - Answer (click here) Inheriting Handles in Child Processes - Answer (click here) Naming Mutexes and Sharing Them Between Processes - Answer (click here)

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Communicating with Pipes - Answer (click here) Communicating Using Sockets - Answer (click here) Atomic Updates of Variables - Answer (click here) Allocating Thread-Local Storage - Answer (click here) Setting Thread Priority - Answer (click here)

Chapter 7 Using Automatic Parallelization and OpenMP 1.

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Using Automatic Parallelization and OpenMP - Answer (click here) Using Automatic Parallelization to Produce a Parallel Application Answer (click here)

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Identifying and Parallelizing Reductions - Answer (click here) Automatic Parallelization of Codes Containing Calls - Answer (click here) Assisting Compiler in Automatically Parallelizing Code - Answer (click here)

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Using OpenMP to Produce a Parallel Application - Answer (click here) Using OpenMP to Parallelize Loops - Answer (click here) Runtime Behavior of an OpenMP Application - Answer (click here) Variable Scoping Inside OpenMP Parallel Regions - Answer (click here) Parallelizing Reductions Using OpenMP - Answer (click here)

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Accessing Private Data Outside the Parallel Region - Answer (click here) Improving Work Distribution Using Scheduling - Answer (click here) Using Parallel Sections to Perform Independent Work - Answer (click here) Nested Parallelism - Answer (click here) Using OpenMP for Dynamically Defined Parallel Tasks - Answer (click here)

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Keeping Data Private to Threads - Answer (click here) Controlling the OpenMP Runtime Environment - Answer (click here) Waiting for Work to Complete - Answer (click here) Restricting the Threads That Execute a Region of Code - Answer (click here)

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Ensuring That Code in a Parallel Region Is Executed in Order - Answer (click here)

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Collapsing Loops to Improve Workload Balance - Answer (click here) Enforcing Memory Consistency - Answer (click here) An Example of Parallelization - Answer (click here)

Chapter 8 Hand Coded Synchronization and Sharing 1.

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Hand-Coded Synchronization and Sharing - Answer (click here) Atomic Operations - Answer (click here) Using Compare and Swap Instructions to Form More Complex Atomic Operations - Answer (click here) Enforcing Memory Ordering to Ensure Correct Operation - Answer (click here)

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Compiler Support of Memory-Ordering Directives - Answer (click here) Reordering of Operations by the Compiler - Answer (click here) Volatile Variables - Answer (click here) Operating System–Provided Atomics - Answer (click here) Lockless Algorithms - Answer (click here) Dekker’s Algorithm - Answer (click here) Producer-Consumer with a Circular Buffer - Answer (click here) Scaling to Multiple Consumers or Producers - Answer (click here) Scaling the Producer-Consumer to Multiple Threads - Answer (click here) Modifying the Producer-Consumer Code to Use Atomics - Answer (click here)

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The ABA Problem - Answer (click here)

Chapter 9 Scaling with Multicore Processors 1.

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Scaling with Multicore Processors - Answer (click here) Constraints to Application Scaling - Answer (click here)

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Hardware Constraints to Scaling - Answer (click here) Bandwidth Sharing Between Cores - Answer (click here) False Sharing - Answer (click here) Cache Conflict and Capacity - Answer (click here) Pipeline Resource Starvation - Answer (click here) Operating System Constraints to Scaling - Answer (click here) Multicore Processors and Scaling - Answer (click here)

Chapter 10 Other Parallelization Technologies 1.

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Other Parallelization Technologies - Answer (click here) GPU-Based Computing - Answer (click here) Language Extensions - Answer (click here) Alternative Languages - Answer (click here) Clustering Technologies - Answer (click here) Transactional Memory - Answer (click here) Vectorization - Answer (click here)