The genome is the genetic material of an individual, species or organism, which is responsible for the various functional characteristics of an individual. Genomics is an important aspect of genetics and molecular biology that focuses on the study of the structure, function, and mapping of genomes. It involves various applications in functional genomics, genome sequencing, comparative genomics, and genome analysis. A defect in genome structure or function could lead to the occurrence of disorders. Thus, genomic technologies, which identify and study defective genomes, play an important role in research, drug discovery, and disease diagnosis.
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