Table of Contents Introduction ..................................................................... 6 Summary of Results ......................................................... 9 Background .............................................................................................................. 9 Immigration, Population, and the Labor Force ............................................................. 10 Number of Immigrants ...................................................................................... 10 Population and Demographics ............................................................................. 12 Labor Force ...................................................................................................... 15 Economic and Fiscal Impacts .................................................................................... 16 Overall Economy ............................................................................................... 16 Housing ........................................................................................................... 18 Wages ............................................................................................................. 19 Fiscal Impact .................................................................................................... 22
Conclusion ..................................................................... 24 Appendix A: Methodology .......................................... 26 Immigration Flows ............................................................................................ 26 Economic Factors .............................................................................................. 28
Appendix B: Alternative Scenarios.............................. 31 Endnotes ........................................................................ 33
Immigration Reform: Implications for Growth, Budgets, and Housing | 5