CL N AS OT SR F OO OR M US E
Functioning systems in mammals
PR E O V N IE LY W
Unit 1 Outcome 1
Key terms
Cells, tissues, and organs
alveoli
Key knowledge
arteries
assimilation
c
1
Describe the hierarchy of organisation in a mammal. Explain how the cells are specialised into tissues and tissues into organs that carry out a specific role, e.g. in gas exchange, internal transport, digestion, or excretion.
c
2
Choosing from the respiratory, digestive, circulatory, or excretory system: Identify components of the system, including specialised cells and their role in tissues (e.g. epithelial tissue, blood) and organs (e.g. lungs, stomach, heart, kidneys).
atrium blood
Activity number
blood vessel breathing
73
74
75 80 87 93
bronchi
capillaries
circulatory system digestion
digestive system disease
egestion
WMU
excretion
excretory system
Mammalian body systems
gas exchange
Key knowledge (select points corresponding to your system of choice)
glomerulus
c
4
PRAC
Investigate factors affecting breathing rate. How are breathing rate and heart rate interconnected and what is the biological significance of this?
78
c
5
Describe malfunctions of the respiratory system, e.g. asthma, emphysema, lung cancer, or bronchitis, and their biological consequences.
79
c
6
The digestive system Describe the structure and function of the digestive system, including reference to how food is moved through the gut, how it is broken down by secretions of specialised regions, and how the products of digestion are absorbed.
c
7
Describe malfunctions of the digestive system, e.g. gastric reflux and infection, and their biological consequences.
c
8
The circulatory system Describe the structure and function of the circulatory system, including how blood is moved around the body and the role of the heart and different blood vessels.
87-90
c
9
PRAC
Dissect a mammalian heart to investigate its structure and function. Account for differences in thickness between the left and right ventricles.
91
c
10
Describe malfunctions of the circulatory system, e.g. coronary artery disease, heart "attack", and diseases of the veins, and their biological consequences.
c
11
The excretory system Describe the structure and function of the excretory system, including how blood is filtered by the kidney and how excretory products are disposed of by the body.
c
12
Describe malfunctions of the excretory system, e.g. kidney failure and kidney stones, and their biological consequences.
c
13
Explain how the body system you chose is interconnected to other body systems and how this related to survival of the organism.
organ
organ system
red blood cells
respiratory system small intestine
specialised cell stomach tissue ultrafiltration urine veins ventricle
80-85
86
92
N AS OT SR F OO OR M US E
lungs
nephron
75 76 77
The respiratory system Describe the structure and function of the respiratory system, including reference to how gases are exchanged between the external environment and the blood.
kidney
large intestine
Activity number
3
internal transport intestinal villi
EII
c
CL
heart
istock
93-96
97
98-100