Laboratory Techniques
PR E V ON IEW LY
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128
Key terms aseptic
biological drawing biological stain
chromatography
Key concepts
Accurate biological drawings are an appropriate method for recording the details of biological specimens.
Microscopy can be used to understand cellular structure and function.
A variety of basic laboratory techniques are used to isolate and analyze biological material. Aseptic technique is a critical procedure in microbiology.
colorimetry
differential centrifugation electron microscope gel electrophoresis
light (optical) microscope linear magnification magnification
micropropagation (plant tissue culture) microscopy resolution rf value
scanning electron microscopy (SEM) serial dilution
streak plating
temporary mount
transmission electron microscopy (TEM)
Objectives
1. Use the KEY TERMS to help you understand and complete these objectives.
Making Biological Drawings
pages 132-133, 135
2. Demonstrate an ability to make accurate biological drawings. Understand that a good biological drawing is a way to accurately record information.
Microscopy
pages 129-131, 134, 136-140
3. Compare and contrast the structure and basic principles of light (optical) microscopes and electron microscopes. Distinguish between TEM (transmission electron microscopy) and SEM (scanning electron microscopy).
4. Interpret photomicrographs of typical plant and animal cells as seen using light and electron microscopy. 5. Demonstrate an ability to prepare a temporary mount for viewing with a light microscope.
6. Explain the role of sample preparation (including stains) in microscopy. Demonstrate an ability use simple staining techniques to show features of cells. 7. Explain the difference between magnification and resolution. Calculate the linear magnification of images viewed with a microscope. Compare the magnification and resolution achieved using a light microscope, TEM and SEM.
Basic Laboratory Techniques
pages 141-148
Periodicals:
Listings for this chapter are on page 153
Weblinks:
www.thebiozone.com/ weblink/Skills-2962.html
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8. Describe simple tests for reducing and non-reducing sugars, starch, proteins, and lipids. Describe the use of colorimetry to determine the concentration of a reducing sugar (e.g. glucose) in a solution. 9. Describe the principles of differential centrifugation (cell fractionation).
10. Explain the basis of chromatography as a technique for separating and identifying biological molecules. Describe the calculation and use of Rf values. 11. Explain how DNA fragments are separated by gel electrophoresis.
12. Describe plant cloning using micropropagation (plant tissue culture).
Microbial Techniques
pages 149-151
13. Use aseptic technique to prepare and inoculate microbial cultures. Explain how streak plating is used to isolate bacterial strains. 14. Discuss the role of serial dilution as a fundamental microbiology technique.
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