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"ϡ΍Ϊμϟ΍" ϝϮΣ ΔϴϔΤλ ΕΎΒϴϛήΗ Ϧϣ Ύϗϼτϧ΍ ΖΤΒλ΃ ˬ"Ε΍έΎπΤϟ΍ ϒϟΎΤΗ" ϭ΃ "έ΍ϮΤϟ΍"ϭ "ΏήΤϟ΍"ϭ ϰψΤΗ Δψϔϟ "Ε΍έΎπΤϟ΍" ϲϨόϳ ϻ ϚϟΫ ϥ΃ ΪϴΑ .ΔοϮϤϟ΍ ϞϴΒγ ϰϠϋ ϊ΋Ύη ϝϭ΍ΪΘΑ ΎϴϟΎΣ .ϪϟϮΣ ΎϗΎϔΗ΍ ϙΎϨϫ ϥ΃ ϭ΃ ΢ο΍ϭ ΎϫΎϨόϣ ϥ΃ Ύϗϼσ· ϦϣΎΜϟ΍ ϥήϘϟ΍ ϲϓ "ΓέΎπΤϟ΍" Ϧϋ Γήϣ ϝϭϷ ΚϳΪΤϟ΍ ΃ΪΑ ήψϨϟ΍ ϲϓ ϥϮϔϘΜϤϟ΍ ωήη ˬϡΪϘΘϟ΍ ΔϳήψϨϟ ϱέϮμΘϟ΍ έΎσϹ΍ ϲϓ ˬήθϋ ϱάϟ΍ ΪϳΪΠϟ΍ ϲϧϼϘόϟ΍ ΓΎϴΤϟ΍ ΏϮϠγϷ ϻ΍ΰΘΧ΍ ΎϫέΎΒΘϋΎΑ ,ΓέΎπΤϟ΍ ϰϟ· ΔϴΠϤϬϠϟ ϞΑΎϘϤϛ ϊγϭ΃ ϞϜθΑϭ ˬ"Δϴϟ΍ΩϮϴϔϠϟ" ϞΑΎϘϤϛ ˬϪϧϮϠΜϤϳ Ϣϫ ΍ϮϧΎϛ ϲϟ΍ϮϤϟ΍ ϥήϘϟ΍ ϯΪϣ ϰϠϋϭ .ΔϣΎϋ ΓέϮμΑ ϒϠΨΘϟ΍ ϭ΃ ΔϴθΣϮϟ΍ϭ ϥ΃ ϯήΗ ϲΘϟ΍ϭ ˬϱήθΒϟ΍ ΦϳέΎΘϠϟ ΔϴΠϳέΪΘϟ΍ Δϳ΅ήϟ΍ Ϧϣ ΍˯ΰΟ ΖΤΒλ΃ ΓΎϴΤϟ΍ ΕΎϳϮΘδϤΑ ήϤΘδϤϟ΍ ˯ΎϘΗέϻ΍ ϰϠϋ ϡϮϘϳ ϥΎϛ ϲϋΎϤΘΟϻ΍ έϮτΘϟ΍ ΓέΎπΤϟ΍ ΖϧΎϛ .ΔϓήόϤϟ΍ ϡΪϘΗ ϞπϔΑ ΎγΎγ΃ ϚϟΫϭ ˬΔϳΩΎϤϟ΍ϭ ΔϴϗϼΧϷ΍ ΔϴϋΎϤΘΟ΍ ΕΎϋΎϤΟϭ Ω΍ήϓ΃ ϙΎϨϫ ϥΎϛϭ .ϡΪϘΘϟ΍ ϭ΃ ϊϴϓήϟ΍ ϕϭάϟ΍ ϲϫΎπΗ ρΎΒΗέ΍ ϯΪϣ ΎϨϟ ϒθϜϳ ΔϤϠϜϟ΍ Ϟλ΃ ϥ· .("ΔϔϘΜϣ" ΔϤϠόΘϣ ϭ΃) ΓήπΤΘϣ ˬϲϧΪϣ ϭ΃ ϥΪϤΘϤϛ ήπΤΘϤϟ΍ :ΔϳΩΎΒϟ΍ϭ ΔϨϳΪϤϟ΍ ϦϴΑ ΔϧέΎϘϤϟΎΑ ΓέΎόΘγϻ΍ ϰϟ· ϪϠλ΃ ΩϮόϳcives ϭ΃ civitas ώϠΑ΃ "ϱήπΤϟ΍" φϔϟ ϥΎϛϭ ˭ φϔϟ΍ ϲϓ ϞΜϤΘϳ ξϴϘϨϟ΍ϭ .ΔϴΑήΘϟ΍ϭ ΏΩϷ΍ Ύπϳ΃ ϲϫΎπϳ Ϋ· ΔϟϻΩ ϭ΃ "ϦθΨϟ΍"Ώ ˬϪΗ΍Ϋ ϖτϨϤϟ΍ ΐΟϮϤΑ ςΒΗήϳ ϥΎϛ ϱάϟ΍ ˬϞϫΎΠϟ΍ϭ .ΔϳΩΎΒϟ΍ ϰϟ· ϲϤΘϨϤϟ΍ Ϟόθϣ ΔϠϣΎΣ ΎϬδϔϧ ήΒΘόΗ ΔϴΑϭέϭϷ΍ ϢϣϷ΍ ΖϧΎϛϭ ϊγΎΘϟ΍ ϥήϘϟ΍ Ϧϣ ϲϧΎΜϟ΍ ϒμϨϟ΍ ϲϓ ΎϬϘΗΎϋ ϰϠϋ ΕάΧ΄ϓ ˬΓέΎπΤϟ΍ ϰϠϋ ΕΩΎϗ ΓήϜϔϟ΍ ϩάϫϭ .έϮϤόϤϟ΍ ˯ΎΟέ΃ ϲϗΎΑ "ϦϳΪϤΗ" ΔϤϬϣ ήθϋ Γήτϴγ ΕέήΑ Ϋ· ˬήϴΒϛ ϲγΎϴγ ϊϔϧ Ε΍Ϋ ΔΠϴΘϧ ϰϟ· ϲγΎϴδϟ΍ ϯϮΘδϤϟ΍ ϲϓ ΎϤϴγϻϭ ˬϢϟΎόϟ΍ Ϧϣ ήϴΒϛ ˯ΰΟ ϰϠϋ ϒϨόϟ΍ Δτγ΍ϮΑ ϦϴϴΑϭέϭϷ΍ .ΔϴϧΎΜϟ΍ ΔϴϤϟΎόϟ΍ ΏήΤϟ΍ ΪόΑ Ύϣ ϰΘΣ ΍ήϤόΘδϣ ϪΘϘΑ΃ϭ ˬΎϴγ΁ϭ ΎϴϘϳήϓ· ϑ˷ήόϳ ΔϴϧΎΒγϻ΍ ΔϴϜϠϤϟ΍ ΔϴϤϳΩΎϛϷ΍ αϮϣΎϗ ϝ΍ί Ύϣ ΍άϫ ΎϨϣϮϳ ϰϟ·ϭ ϙέΩ Ϧϣ ιΎΨη΃ ϭ΃ ΏϮόη Ν΍ήΧ·" Ϫϧ΄Α (ϦϳΪϤΗ) "ήϴπΤΗ" ήδϔΗ αϮϣΎϘϟ΍ ΍άϬϟ ΔϤϳΪϘϟΎΑ Ζδϴϟ ϯήΧ΃ ΕΎϳ΍ϭέ ϲϓϭ ˭"ΔϴθΣϮϟ΍ ϭ΃ ΏϮόη ΎϬΒδΘϜΗ ϲΘϟ΍ ΔϓΎϘΜϟ΍ Ϧϣ ΔΟέΪϟ΍ ϚϠΗ" ΎϬϧ΄Α "ΓέΎπΤϟ΍" ΔϘ΋Ύϔϟ΍ ΔϗΎϧϷ΍ ϰϟ· ΔϴόϴΒτϟ΍ ΔϧϮθΨϟ΍ Ϧϣ ϥϮϠϘΘϨϳ ΎϣΪϨϋ ιΎΨη΃ ."ΔϓΎϘΜϟ΍ Ϟϫ΄Α ΔϘϴμϠϟ΍ ΪϴϟΎϘΘϟ΍ϭ Ε΍ΩΎόϟ΍ϭ Ε΍ϮλϷ΍ ΓϭϼΣϭ ΍άϫ ϰϨόϣ ϰϠϋ ΔϠΜϣ΃ Ω΍ήϳ· ϲϓ έ΍ήϤΘγϻ΍ ˯ΎϨόϟ΍ ϖΤΘδϳ ϻ ϪϧΈϓ ˬΔϴϣϮϴϟ΍ ΔϐϠϟ΍ ϲϓ ϊγ΍ϭ ϝΎϤόΘγΎΑ ϰψΤϳ ϝ΍ί Ύϣ Ϫϧ΃ Ϯϟϭ Ϋ· ˬφϔϠϟ΍ ϝΎϤόΘγ΍ ϦϜϤϳ ςϘϓϭ .ωΎϤΘΟϻ΍ ˯ΎϤϠϋ ϦϴΑ ϪΘϴΣϼλ ΓΪϣ άϨϣ ΪϘϓ Ϊϗ Ε΍έϮμΗ ϲϓ ΍Ϊϛ΍έ Ϟψϳ Ϧϣ ΐϧΎΟ Ϧϣ ϰϨόϤϟ΍ ΍άϬΑ "ΓέΎπΤϟ΍" ΔϤϠϛ ΔϴϧϼϘόϟ΍ ϝϮΣ -ήθϋ ϦϣΎΜϟ΍ ϯήΣϷ΍ ϞΑ - ήθϋ ϊγΎΘϟ΍ ϥήϘϟ΍ ΖΤΒλ΃ ϱήθΒϟ΍ έϮτΘϟ΍ ϒλϮϟ ΔϠϴγϭ ϲϫϭ ˬΔϴτΨϟ΍ϭ ΔϴΠϳέΪΘϟ΍ .ήϴΒϛ ΪΣ ϰϟ· ΔϴϟΎΑ ΎϴϟΎΣ "ΓέΎπΤϟ΍" ϢϬϓ ϲϓ ΔϘϳήτϟ΍ ϩάϬϟ ˬΔϧ΍ίέ ήΜϛ΃ ˬήΧ΁ ϦϳϮϠΗ ϰϟ· αΎγϷΎΑ ϞϴΤΗ ΔΛ΍ΪΣ ."ΔΛ΍ΪΤϟ΍"ϝ ΎϓΩ΍ήϣ ΢ϠτμϤϟ΍ ΍άϫ ϞόΠϳ ϩΎϓήϟ΍ ϖϘΤΗ ϑέΎόϤϟ΍ Ϧϣ ΕΎϳϮΘδϣ ϰϟ·ϭ ˬϲΟϮϟϮϨϜΘϟ΍ϭ ϲϤϠόϟ΍ ϡΪϘΘϟ΍ ϢϟΎόϟ΍ ϥ΃ νήΘϔϳ ϲΘϟ΍ ΔϴϓΎϘΜϟ΍ ΔϤϟϮόϟ΍ ϕΎϴγ ϲϓ ΖΤΒλ΃ϭ ˬϲϋΎϤΘΟϻ΍ ΪόΒϓ .˯ΎόϤΟ ΔϳήθΒϠϟ ϙήΘθϣ ΝΫϮϤϧ Ϧϋ ήϴΒόΘϟ΍ ϰϟ· ϞϴϤΗ ˬΎϬϠΧΩ ΎϬϘϠσ΃ ϲΘϟ΍ "ΦϳέΎΘϟ΍ ΔϳΎϬϧ" Δϳήψϧ ΐΟϮϤΑϭ ˬΔϴϋϮϴθϟ΍ ΔϤψϧϷ΍ ϝ΍ϭί ϮΤϧ ωΰϨϳ ϙήΘθϤϟ΍ ΝΫϮϤϨϟ΍ ϭ΃ ϞΜϤϟ΍ ΍άϫ ΢Βλ΃ ˬΎϣΎϳϮϛϮϓ βϴδϧ΍ήϓ ˬΔϴγΎϴδϟ΍ϭ ΔϳΩΎμΘϗϻ΍ ϦϳΩΎϴϤϟ΍ ϰϟ· ˬϞϗϷ΍ ϰϠϋ Ώήϐϟ΍ ϲϓ ˬϊγϮΘϟ΍ ϪϨϤπΗ ΔτϠδϠϟ ϡΎψϧϭ ΓήΤϟ΍ ΔϴϟΎϤγ΃ήϟ΍ Δϛήθϟ΍ ϰϠϋ ϖΒτϨϳ ΍ΪϏϭ ϊϴγϮΘϟ΍ ΍άϫϭ .Ύϴσ΍ήϘϤϳΩ Δϋϭήθϣ ΕΎδγΆϣ ϪΨγήΗϭ ΓήϘΘδϣ Ϧϴϧ΍Ϯϗ ϪΒϧ΍ϮΟ ϰϟ· ϩΎϨϟΰΘΧ΍ ΍Ϋ· ϦϜϟ ˬΪϘϨϠϟ Δοήϋ ήΜϛ΃ ϰϘΒϳ ΝΫϮϤϨϠϟ ήϴΧϷ΍ ϊϤΘΠϣ ϱϷ ϲΗ΍άϟ΍ ϯϮΘδϤϟΎΑ ϞΑ ΎϨϨϣΰΑ βϴϟ ϩΎϨτΑέϭ ΔϴΟϮϟϮϨϜΘϟ΍ ϲϓ ΎόϴϤΟ ζϴόϧ ΎϨϧ· .ΔϟϮΒϘϣ ΢ΒμΗ ΓήϜϔϟ΍ ϥΈϓ ˬΔϴΨϳέΎΗ ΔψΤϟϭ ήΛΆΗ ΔϴϤϠϋ ϑέΎόϣ Ϟχ ϲϓ ζϴόϧ ΎϨϧ΃ ϰϨόϤΑ ΓΪΣ΍ϭ ΓέΎπΣ Ωέ΍ϮϤϟ΍ ϚϠϤϳ Ϧϣ ϊϴϤΟ ϞϗϷ΍ ϰϠϋ ϭ΃ ˬϊϴϤΠϟ΍ ϲϓ ΔϴϠϤόϟ΍ ΎϬΗΎγΎϜόϧ΍ ϭ΃ ϲϓΎϘΜϟ΍ ϢϟΎόϟ΍ Ϧϋ ήψϨϟ΍ ξϐΑ ˬΎϬϨϣ ΓΩΎϔΘγϼϟ Δϣίϼϟ΍ ΔϳΩΎμΘϗϻ΍ ΎΣϮοϭ ήΜϛ΃ ήϴΒόΘΑ .ΎϬϗΎϴγ ϲϓ ΝέΪϨϳ ϲΘϟ΍ ΔϳήϜϔϟ΍-ΔϴγΎϴδϟ΍ ΐϟ΍ϮϘϟ΍ Ε˷Ϯμϳ φϓΎΤϣ ϲϜϳήϣ΃ ϲϧΎϜϴϠϐϧ΄Α ήϣϷ΍ ϖϠόΗ ˯΍Ϯγ Ϫϧ· ϝϮϘϟ΍ ϦϜϤϳ ϭ΃ ϲϨϴλ ϲϋϮϴη ϭ΃ ϥΩϻ ϦΑ ωΎΒΗ΃ Ϧϣ ϑήτΘϣ ϲϣϼγΈΑ ϭ΃ εϮΒϟ ΪϳήΒϟ΍ϭ ϒΗΎϬϟ΍ Ωέ΍ϮϤϟ΍ Ϫϟ ΖϨδΗ ΍Ϋ· ϞϤόΘδϳ ϮϬϓ ˬΦϴδϟ΍ Ϧϣ ΖϣΰΘϣ έΎΒΧϷ΍ ϰϠϋ ϝϮμΤϠϟ ϥϮϳΰϔϠΘϟ΍ϭ Δϋ΍ΫϹ΍ϭ ϪΗϻΎμΗ΍ ϲϓ ϲϧϭήΘϜϟϹ΍ .ΔϋήδΑ ΔϠϳϮσ ΕΎϓΎδϣ ϊτϘϟ Γή΋Ύτϟ΍ϭ ˬϪϠ΋Ύγέ ήθϧ ϭ΃ ΔΛ΍ΪΣ ϙΎϨϫ ϥ΃ ϲϨόΗ ϰϨόϤϟ΍ ΍άϬΑ ΓέΎπΤϟ΍ ϰϟ· ΓέΎηϹ΍ ΍Ϋ·ϭ .ΔϴϧϮϜϟ΍ ΔϴϓΎϘΜϟ΍ ˯ϯΩΎΒϤϟ΍ Ϧϣ ΔϣΰΣϭ ˬΔϛήΘθϣ ΕΎϴΛ΍ΪΣ·ϭ ΓΪΣ΍ϭ ϭ΃ "ϡ΍Ϊλ" Ϧϋ ΚϳΪΤϟ΍ Δϫ΍ΪΑ ϞϴΤΘδϤϟ΍ ϦϤϓ ˬϩάϬϛ ϝΎΤϟ΍ ΖϧΎϛ ϥ΃ Ϋ· .ΎϬϨϴΑ "έ΍ϮΣ" ϭ΃ "ϒϟΎΤΗ" Ϧϋ ϚϴϫΎϧ ˬΕ΍έΎπΤϟ΍ "ΏήΣ"

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.ΎϬϨϴΑ Ύϣ ϲϓ ΕΎϴΒΗ΍ήΗ έ΍ήϗΈΑ ΢ϤδΗ ΔϛήΘθϣ ήϴϳΎόϣ Ε ϭ΃ ϚΤϤϟ΍ ϰϠϋ ΎϬόοϭ ϥΎϜϣϹΎΑ ϥΎϛ Ύϣ ˬΕΎϓΎϘΜϟ΍ ΐ ˷ ϟ ΎϬϔλϮΑ ϢϴϘϟ΍ϭ ϊοϮϣ ΔϓΎϘΜϟ΍ Ϧϋ ϯ΄ϨϤΑϭ ΔϴΟέΎΧ ΔϴϋϮοϮϣ ήϴϳΎόϣ ΐΟϮϤΑ ΎϬϤϳϮϘΗ .ϢϜΤϟ΍ Ϣϴϗ ϲϓ ϞΜϤΘΗ ϻ ΕΎϓΎϘΜϟ΍ ϥ΃ ϰϠϋ ΪϳΪθΘϟ΍ ϲϐΒϨϳ Ϫϧ΃ ΪϴΑ ΔϓΎϘΛ Ϟϛ ϥ΃ Ϛη ϻ .ΎϬΗ΍Ϋ ϢϴϘϟ΍ Ϧϋ ήϴΒόΘϠϟ ΔλΎΧ ϖ΋΍ήσ ϲϓ ΎϤϧ·ϭ ϞΣ ϰϟ· ϑΪϬΗ ΎϤ΋΍Ω ΎϬϨϜϟ ˬΔϔϠΘΨϣ ΔϘϳήτΑ ΎϬϴϟ· ΰϣήΗϭ ΔόϴΒτϟ΍ ή˷δϔΗ ΓήμΤϨϣ ϰϘΒΗ ϲΘϟ΍ϭ (ϲϧ΍ϮϴΤϟ΍ϭ) ϱήθΒϟ΍ ΩϮΟϮϠϟ ΔϳήϫϮΠϟ΍ ϞϛΎθϤϟ΍ ϭ΃ ΔϴϟϭϷ΍ ΕΎΟΎϴΘΣϻ΍ ϩάϫϭ .ΎϬϠγΎϨΗϭ ΎϬΘϳΎϤΣϭ Ε΍άϟ΍ ΔϳάϐΗ ϲϓ .ΎϬΘϴΒϠΗ ϲϓ ϦϤϜΗ ΔϓΎϘΜϟ΍ Δϔϴχϭ ϥΈϓ ΔϤΛ Ϧϣϭ ˬΔϴϧϮϛ ϲϫ ΔϴΟϮϟϮϴΒϟ΍ ΎόϴϤΟ ϢδΘϧ ήθΒϟ΍ ϦΤϨϓ .ϕέ΍Ϯϔϟ΍ Ϧϣ ήΜϛ΃ ήθΒϟ΍ ϦϴΑ ϪΒθϟ΍ ϪΟϭ΃ϭ β ˷ Τϧϭ ΩήΒϟ΍ϭ ωϮΠϟΎΑ ήόθϧ ΎϤϛ ˬΔηΎθϬϟ΍ ϩάϫ ϙέΪϧϭ ΔηΎθϬϟΎΑ ΖΒλ ΔϴΨϳέΎΘϟ΍ ΔψΤϠϟ΍ Ϧϋ ϝΰόϤΑϭ ΕΎϓΎϘΜϟ΍ ϞϜϓ .ΔϴϠγΎϨΘϟ΍ ΓΰϳήϐϟΎΑ ΎϬϟ΍ΰΘΧ΍ ϦϜϤϳ ϲΘϟ΍ ΔϴγΎγϷ΍ ΕΎΟΎϴΘΣϻ΍ ϩάϫ ˯Ύοέ· ϰϠϋ ΎϫΩϮϬΟ ϰϠϋ ΎϬϧ΃ ϞΑ ˬΔϤϴϘϋ ΩϮϬΟ ϝάΑ ϡΪϋ ϰϠϋ ΖλήΣϭ "˯ΎϘΒϟ΍" ΔϤϠϛ ϲϓ Ϟϛ Ϧϋ ΔϨϜϤϤϟ΍ Ξ΋ΎΘϨϟ΍ Ϟπϓ΃ ϖϴϘΤΗ ϰϠϋ ΖλήΣ ϚϟΫ Ϧϣ ξϴϘϨϟ΍ .ΔΑϮϜδϣ ϕήϋ ΔτϘϧ Ϧϣ ϰϧΩ΃ ΍ΪΣϭ ˬϙήΘθϤϟ΍ ϖτϨϤϟ΍ Ϧϣ ΍έΪϗ νήΘϔϳ ϚϟΫ ΕήΒΘϋ΍ ΔϓΎϘΛ Δϳ΃ ϙΎϨϫ βϴϟ Ϫϧ΃ ήϴΗΎΑΎγ ϭΪϧΎϧήϴϓ ΢οϭ΃ Ϊϗϭ .ΔϴϧϼϘόϟ΍ ϭ΃ ΓήΠη ΔϟΎΒϗ ϑϮϗϮϟ΍ ϲϫ ϭΪόϟ΍ ϡϭΪϗ ΔψΤϟ ϲϔΨΘϠϟ ΔϘϳήσ Ϟπϓ΃ ϥ΃ ˯ήϤϟ΍ ϒϘϳ ΔϴηϮΣ ΔϴϧϼϘϋ ϱΪϫ ϰϠϋϭ ΕΎϓΎϘΜϟ΍ ϊϴϤΟ ϲϔϓ ˭ΓήΨλ ΏάϜϟ΍ Ϧϣ ϰϤγ΃ ΔϘϴϘΤϟ΍ ΕήΒΘϋ΍ ΕΎϓΎϘΜϟ΍ ΔϓΎϛ ϥ΃ ΎϤϛ ˭˯΍έϮϟ΍ ϲϓ ϦϴΑ ΔϧέΎϘϣ ˯΍ήΟ· ϥΫ· ϞϴΤΘδϤϟ΍ Ϧϣ βϴϠϓ .ϦΒΠϟ΍ Ϧϣ ϞΒϧ΃ ΔϋΎΠθϟ΍ϭ Ϧϣ Ύϗϼτϧ΍ ϰΘΣ ˬΔϤϴϘϟ΍ Ϧϣ ϪΗ΍Ϋ έΪϘϟ΍ ϰϠϋ Ζδϴϟ ϲϬϓ .ΕΎϓΎϘΜϟ΍ ΓήψϨϟ΍ ϩάϬΑ .ΎϬϟ ΎϜϠϣ ΎϫήΒΘόΗ ϲΘϟ΍ ϑ΍ΪϫϷ΍ ί΍ήΣ· ΪόΑ ˬΔϴΗ΍άϟ΍ ΎϬΘϳ΅έ Ϟϛ" ϥ΄Α ϝϮΒϘϟ΍ ϦϜϤϳ ϻ ."΃Ϯγ΃"ϭ "Ϟπϓ΃" ΕΎϓΎϘΛ Ϧϋ ΚϳΪΤϟ΍ ϦϜϤϳ .ϲϓΎϘΜϟ΍ ϝΎΠϤϟ΍ ϲϓ "ΰ΋ΎΟ ˯ϲη ϡϮϴϟ΍ ϝ΍ΰΗ ϻϭ ΎϤ΋΍Ω ΖηΎϋ ΔϴϧΎδϧϹ΍ ϥ΃ Ϛη ϼϓ ϚϟΫ ϊϣϭ Ϧϋ ΎόΒσ ΚϳΪΤϟ΍ ΎϨϧΎϜϣΈΑ .ΓΪϳΪθϟ΍ ΔϴϓΎϘΜϟ΍ ΔϳΩΪόΘϟ΍ Ϧϣ ϕΎϴγ ϲϓ ˬΓέΎπΤϟΎΑ ΎϨϫ ϪΘϴϤδΗ ϰϠϋ ΎϨΤϠτλ΍ Ύϣ ϰϠϋ ϖΒτϨΗ ΎϬϨϜϟ ˬΔϤϟϮόϟ΍ ΍Ϋ· Ύϣ ϝϮΣ ϦϴϤΨΘϟ΍ ΎϨϧΎϜϣΈΑ .ϲΟϮϟϮϨϜΘϟ΍ ϡΪϘΘϟ΍ ϭ ΔϳΩΎϤϟ΍ Ϟ΋ΎγϮϟ΍ ϱ΃ ϑήμΘϟ΍ ΕΎϴϨϘΗϭ ϊϗ΍Ϯϟ΍ Ε΍ήϴδϔΗ ϒϠΘΨϣ ϰϨόϤΑ ˬΕΎϓΎϘΜϟ΍ ΖϧΎϛ ϰϠϋ ϭ΃ ˬΓ˯ΎϔϜϟ΍ ΔϴΣΎϧ Ϧϣ ΔΗϭΎϔΘϣ ϕΎδϧ΄ϛ ΔϠϳϮσ ΓήΘϔϟ ϰϘΒΘγ ˬϪϫΎΠΗ ϲϣϼϋϹ΍ ϡΪϘΘϟ΍ ϞπϔΑ ΏέΎϘΘϟ΍ Ϧϣ ϞΒϘΘδϣ ϮΤϧ ϪΠΘϧ ϑϮγ ξϴϘϨϟ΍ ΎϬϨϴΑ ΪΟϮΗϭ ΓϮϘΑ ΎϴϟΎΣ ΪΟϮΗ ϕΎδϧϷ΍ ϚϠΗ ϥ΃ ΪϴϛϷ΍ϭ .Δϋήδϟ΍ ρήϔϤϟ΍ ΔϴϓΎϘΜϟ΍ ήλΎϨόϟ΍ ϩάϫ ϦϴΑϭ .ΔδϧΎΠΘϣ ήϴϏ ΎϫέΎΒΘϋ΍ ϦϜϤϳ ΐϧ΍ϮΟ έϮϠϜϟϮϔϟΎΑ ΍ήμϗ ΔϠμΘϤϟ΍ ϚϠΗ ΎόΒσ ίήΒΗ ˬΔδϧΎΠΘϤϟ΍ ήϴϏ ϭ΃ ΓήϓΎϨΘϤϟ΍ ξϴϘϨϟ΍ ϑήσ ϰϠϋ ϒϘΗ ϲΘϟ΍ ϚϠΗ ϱ΃ ˬΔϴϠΤϤϟ΍ ΪϴϟΎϘΘϟ΍ Ϧϋ ΔϘΜΒϨϤϟ΍ϭ .ΔϴϨϳΪϟ΍ Ε΍ΪϘΘόϤϟ΍ ϲϓ ϦϤϜΗ ΐϠλϷ΍ Γ΍ϮϨϟ΍ ϥΈϓ ϊΒτϟΎΑϭ .ΔϴϧϼϘόϟ΍ Ϧϣ ϭ΃ ϕΎϔΗ΍ ϭ΃ έ΍ϮΣ Ϧϋ ΚϳΪΤϟ΍ ΎϤΘΣ ΐόμϟ΍ Ϧϣ ϥ΍ΪϴϤϟ΍ ΍άϫ ϲϓϭ ήϤΗΆϣ ϰϟ· ϢϬΗϮϋΩ ϦϜϤϳ Ϧϳάϟ΍ ˯ΎϤϠόϟ΍ ϦϴΑ ϱήΠϳ ΎϤϟ ΎϓϼΧϭ .ϒϟΎΤΗ ήϣϷ΍ ϥΈϓ .΍έϮϓ ϥϮϤϫΎϔΘϳ ϑϮγ ϢϬϧ΄Α ΔϟϮϘόϣ ϕΎϓ΁ ςγϭ ϲϤϟΎϋ ϚϟΫ ˬϦϴδϤΤΘϣ ϦϴϨϣΆϣ ϭ΃ ϦϳΩ ϝΎΟήΑ ϖϠόΘϳ ΎϣΪϨϋ ϝΎϨϤϟ΍ ΪϴόΑ ΢Βμϳ ΔΣΎΘϤϟ΍ ΓΪϴΣϮϟ΍ ΔϴοέϷ΍ϭ .ΔΘΒϟ΍ ΔδϧΎΠΘϣ ήϴϏ ΔϴϨϳΪϟ΍ ΕΎΑΎτΨϟ΍ ϥ΃ Ϧϋ ϲϠΨΘϟΎΑ ϱ΃ ˬϲϨϳΩ ήϴϏ Ϯϫ ΎϤϣ Ύϗϼτϧ΍ ϲϫ ϥΎϳΩϷ΍ ϦϴΑ έ΍ϮΤϠϟ βγ΃ ϊοϭ ϰϠϋ έΎμΘϗϻ΍ϭ ΔϴΗ΍άϟ΍ ΔϴϧΎϤϳϹ΍ ϢϬΗΎΑΎτΧ Ϧϋ ΚϳΪΤϟ΍ .ϝϮϘόϣ ϲϤϠγ ζϳΎόΘϟ ϻ· βϴϟ Ε΍έΎπΣ ϭ΃ ΕΎϓΎϘΛ "ϒϟΎΤΗ" Ϧϋ ϥΫ· ΚϳΪΤϟ΍ έΪμϣ ϯήΧϷ΍ ϻϭ ΎϤϬϨϣ ΓΪΣ΍Ϯϟ΍ Ζδϴϟ ΎϘΑΎγ ΖϠϗ ΎϤϛ Ϋ· ˬΓέΎόΘγ΍ βϴϟ "ϢϫΎϔΗ" ϰϟ· ΓϮϋΪϟ΍ ϲϐΒϨϳ ΕΎϓΎϘΜϟ΍ ϒϟΎΤΘΑ ήϴθΒΘϟ΍ ϝΪΑϭ .Ϟόϔϟ΍ ϲϓ ΍Ϯ˷ΑήΗ ΕΎϋΎϤΟϭ Ω΍ήϓ΃ ϦϴΑ ˬιΎΨη΃ ϦϴΑ ΎϤϧ·ϭ ΕΎϓΎϘΜϟ΍ ϦϴΑ ΎόΒσ ήΒϋ ϯϮγ ϪϘϴϘΤΗ ϦϜϤϳ ϻ ήϣϷ΍ ΍άϫ .ΔϔϠΘΨϣ ΔϴϓΎϘΛ Ε΍ΩΎϋϭ Ϣϴϗ Ϟχ ˯΍έϭ Ύϣ" ϱ΃ ˬΓέϭήπϟΎΑ ΔϴϧϼϘϋ ϥϮϜΗ ϲΘϟ΍ ˬΔϛήΘθϤϟ΍ Ϣγ΍ϮϘϟ΍ ήϴθϧ ΎϨϛ ΍Ϋ· ˬϲϓΎϘΛ Ϯϫ ΎϤϟ ξϴϘϨϟ΍ Ϯϫ ϊϗ΍Ϯϟ΍ ϲϓ ϞϘόϟ΍ ϥ· ."ΔϴϓΎϘΛ ϰϨδΘϳ ϰΘΣ .ΔλΎΨϟ΍ Ε΍ΩΎόϟ΍ ϭ΃ ϕέ΍Ϯϔϟ΍ ΓέϮϠΑ ϰϟ· ήϴΧϷ΍ ΢ϠτμϤϟΎΑ ΕΎϬΟϮΘϟ΍ ϰϠϋ ιΎΧ ϞϜθΑ ΰ˷ϛήϧ ϥ΃ ΎϨϴϠϋ ΐΠϳ ϥϭΎόΘϟ΍ϭ ϢϫΎϔΘϟ΍ ΎϨϟ .ϕέ΍Ϯϔϟ΍ ί΍ήΑ· ϰϠϋ ΏΎΒϜϧϻ΍ ϝΪΑ ΔϛήΘθϤϟ΍ ΕΎΟΎϴΘΣϻ΍ϭ ϞϘόϠϟ ΪϴδΠΗ Ϟπϓ΃ ϥ΃ ΪΠϧ ˬϲϨϴΒϟ΍-ϲϓΎϘΜϟ΍ ϕΎϴδϟ΍ ΍άϫ ϲϓϭ .Ϫϓ΍ήϋ΃ϭ ϲϟϭΪϟ΍ ϥϮϧΎϘϟ΍ Ε΍ΪϫΎόϣϭ ϥΎσϭϷ΍-ϱΪόΘϣ ϥϮϧΎϘϟ΍ ϲϓ ϞΜϤΘϳ Ϊ΋΍Ϯϓ ϖϓϭ ϢΘϳ Ϧϴϧ΍ϮϘϟ΍ ϰϠϋ ΖϳϮμΘϟ΍ ϥ΃ ΎόϴϤΟ ϙέΪϧ ΎϨϧ΃ ϢϏέϭ ϞϘόϟ΍ Ϧϋ ΪϴΣϮϟ΍ ήϴΒόΘϟ΍ ϚϟΫ ϊϣ ϰϘΒΗ Ϧϴϧ΍ϮϘϟ΍ ϩάϫ ϥΈϓ ˬέ΍ήο΃ϭ Ε΍˯ΎϘϠϟ΍ Ε΍έΩΎΒϣ ϰϟ· ΔγΎϣ ΔΟΎΣ ϲϓ ΎϨδϟ ΎϨϧΈϓ Ϛϟάϟ .ϪΑ ϊΘϤΘϧ ϱάϟ΍ ˬϢϫΎϔΘϟ΍ϭ "ϑέΎόΘϟ΍" ϲϓ ΔϨδΤϟ΍ ΔϴϨϟ΍ ΐΟϮϤΑ ΪϘόϨΗ ϲΘϟ΍ ΕϻΎμΗϻ΍ϭ ΕΎϓ΍ήΨϟ΍ϭ ήϴσΎγϷ΍ ϯήΧϸϟ ΔϋϮϤΠϣ Ϟϛ ϲϜΤΗ ϥ΃ ϯήΧ΃ ΓέΎΒόΑ Δϴϋήθϟ΍ ϡ΍ήΘΣϻ ΔϳϮϟϭϷ΍ Ϟϛ ϲτόϧ ϥ΃ ϞΑΎϘϤϟ΍ ϲϓ ϲϐΒϨϳϭ .ΎϬδϔϧ Ϧϋ

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ΎϤϛϭ .ϚϟΫ Ϧϣ ΍ΪϴϘόΗ ήΜϛ΃ ϲϫ Ϟόϔϟ΍ϭ ΔϓΎϘΜϟ΍ ϦϴΑ ΔϠμϟ΍ ϥ· ΔϓΎϘΜϟΎϓ ˬϞϣΎϛ ΪϘϋ ϞΒϗ ήϟΪϳϮγ ϥ΁ ωΎϤΘΟϻ΍ ΔϤϟΎϋ ήϣϷ΍ ΖΣήη Ϧϣ ΔϠδϠγ ˬ"Ε΍ϭΩ΃ ϕϭΪϨλ" ϲϫ ϞΑ ˬϢϴϗ ϭ΃ ΕΎϴϠπϓ΃ ωϮϤΠϣ Ζδϴϟ ΔϳήθΒϟ΍ ΕΎΟΎϴΘΣϻΎϓ .ΕΎϳΎϏ ί΍ήΣϹ ΕΎϴϨϘΗ ˬϙϮϠδϟ΍ ϝΎϜη΃ϭ Ε΍ΩΎόϟ΍ ϰόδϳ ϝ΍ί Ύϣϭ ϥΎϛ ήθΒϟ΍ ϊϴϤΟ .ΔϴϧϮϛ ΔόϴΒσ Ε΍Ϋ ϲϫ ϩΎϧΩέϭ΃ ΎϤϛ ί΍ήΣ· ˬ˯ΎϘΒϟ΍ ϥΎϤο :ΎϬΗ΍Ϋ ϑ΍ΪϫϷ΍ ϖϴϘΤΗ ϰϟ· ΦϳέΎΘϟ΍ ήϣ ϰϠϋ Ϟϛ ϦϜϟ .ϞϫϷ΍ϭ βϔϨϟ΍ ΔϳΎϤΣϭ ˬΔΣ΍ήϟ΍ϭ ΔϴϫΎϓήϟ΍ Ϧϣ ϯϮΘδϣ Ϟπϓ΃ ϱάϟ΍ ςϴΤϤϟ΍ Ϧϋ ΔϔϠΘΨϣ ΓέϮλ ΖΛέ΍ϮΗϭ ΖϏΎλ ΓΪΣ ϰϠϋ ΔϋϮϤΠϣ ΎϬΒΟϮϤΑ ϑήμΘΗ ϥ΃ ΐΠϳ ϲΘϟ΍ ΔϘϳήτϟ΍ Ϧϋϭ ϩέΎσ· ϲϓ ϙήΤΘΗ ϥ΃ ϰϠϋ ήΒϳϭ βϛΎϤϟ ϲϜϴγϼϜϟ΍ Ρήτϟ΍ ϡϮϘϳ .ΕΎϳΎϐϟ΍ ϚϠΗ ϖϴϘΤΘϟ ΖϗϮϟ΍ ϊϣ ΕΪϘϓ ϲΘϟ΍ ΔϴϨϴϔϟΎϜϟ΍ ϰϟ· ΕΪϨΘγ΍ Δϴ΋΍ΪΒϟ΍ ΔϴϟΎϤγ΃ήϟ΍ ΕήϴϐΗ ςϘϓ .ΔϴϟΎϤγ΃ήϟ΍ ˯ΎϔΘΧ΍ ϰϟ· ϚϟΫ ϱΩΆϳ ϥ΃ ϥϭΩ ΎϬΘϴΣϼλ ήϴϐΘΗϭ ΕήϴϐΗ ΕΎϓήμΘϟ΍ ˭Ϫϓ΍Ϊϫ΃ ήϴϴϐΗ ϥϭΩ ϦϜϟ ˬϞόϔϟ΍ ϢϴψϨΗ ΔϘϳήσ ΎϬϧ΃ νήΘϔϤϟ΍ ϭ΃- ΔγΪϘϤϟ΍ ϢϴϘϟΎϓ .ΔΨγ΍έ ϰϘΒΗ ϢϴϘϟ΍ ϦϜϟ έ΍ήϤΘγΎΑ ΎϬϟ ΔϓΎϘΜϟ΍ϭ .Ε΍έ΍ήϘϟ΍ ΫΎΨΗ΍ ϢϬϠΗ ϲΘϟ΍ ϲϫ Ζδϴϟ Ύϣ ϊϤΘΠϣ ϲϓ -ΔγΪϘϣ ΏΎΒγ΃ ϭ΃ ΕΎϳΎϏ ΩΪΤΗ ϲΘϟ΍ ϢϴϘϟ΍ ϞϤθΗ ΎϫέΎΒΘϋΎΑ βϴϟ ϦϜϟ ˬΎϬΘϴϤϫ΃ έϮμϟ΍ ϦϴδΒΘϘϣ ϑϮθϜϣ ϞϜθΑ ϚϟΫ Ϧϋ ΚϳΪΤϟ΍ ΎϧΩέ΃ ΍Ϋ· .Ϟόϔϟ΍ Γήϣ ϝϭϷ ϢϴϘϳ ϱάϟ΍ ϲδϟΪϧϷ΍ ϥΈϓ :ΎϴϧΎΒγ΍ ϲϓ ΍ΪΟ Δό΋Ύθϟ΍ ΔϴτϤϨϟ΍ ΃ΪΒϳ Ϊϗ ,ΎϬόϣ ΔϳέΎΠΗ Δϗϼϋ ΔϣΎϗϹ ΎϬΑΎτϘΘγ΍ Ϊϳήϳ ΔϋϮϤΠϣ ϊϣ ϻΎμΗ΍ ϦϤϓ ϲϧϮϠτϘϟ΍ Ύϣ΃ ˭ΕΎϜϨϟ΍ ϲϜΣϭ Ρ΍ΰϤϟ΍ ϝΎϤόΘγΎΑ ϝΎμΗϻ΍ ΍άϫ .ΎΣ΍ΰϣ Ϟϗ΃ϭ Δϧ΍ίέ ήΜϛ΃ ΓέϮλ ϢϳΪϘΗ ϥΎϜϣϹ΍ έΪϗ ϝϭΎΤϳ ϥ΃ ϞϤΘΤϤϟ΍ ϥϮϤδΘϣ ϦϴϴϧϮϠτϘϟ΍ϭ Ϟψϟ΍ ϮϔϴϔΧ ϦϴϴδϟΪϧϷ΍ ϥ΃ ϚϟΫ Ϧϣ ςΒϨΘδϧ Ϟϫ ϥϭΪϬϳ ϢϬϧϷ ˯ΎΨδϟ΍ Ϧϣ ήΒϛ΃ ΍έΪϗ ϚΌϟϭ΃ ϲϓ νήΘϔϧ Ϟϫϭ ˮΔϳΪΠϟΎΑ ϲϓ ϞΨΒϟ΍ νήΘϔϧϭ ˬα΄ϛ ϝϭΎϨΗ ϰϟ· ϊϴϤΠϟ΍ ϥϮϋΪϳϭ ϢϬΗΎϤϠϛϭ ϢϬΘϗϭ ΔϋϮϤΠϤϟ΍ Ώ΍άΘΟ΍ ϲϫϭ ΎϬΗ΍Ϋ ΔϳΎϐϟ΍ ϰϟ· ϰόδϳ ΎϤϫϼϛ ϥ΃ ϡ΃ ˮ˯ϻΆϫ Ϟϛ ΏΎδΘϛ΍ ΔΠϴΘϧ ΔϔϠΘΨϣ ΕΎϴϨϘΗ ϝΎϤόΘγΎΑ ϦϜϟ ˬϮΘϠϟ ΎϬϴϟ· ϑ˷ήόΗ ϲΘϟ΍ βϴϟ ϥΎΘϔϠΘΨϣ ϥΎΘϓΎϘΛ ΎϤϫ ˮϑΪϬϟ΍ ϖϴϘΤΘϟ ΔϔϠΘΨϣ ϖ΋΍ήσ ΓΪΣ ϰϠϋ ΎϤϬϧϷ ϞΑ ˬϞόϔϟ΍ Ϧϣ ΓΎΧϮΘϤϟ΍ ϑ΍ΪϫϷ΍ ϭ΃ ϢϴϘϟ΍ ϑϼΘΧ΍ ΐΒδΑ .ΎϬΗ΍Ϋ ΕΎϳΎϐϟ΍ ϖϴϘΤΘϟ ΔϔϠΘΨϣ Ϟ΋Ύγϭ ϥϼϤόΘδΗ ΔϓΎϘΜϟ΍ ϞΜϣ ϢϴϫΎϔϣ ϞϤόΘδϧ ΎϣΪϨϋ ϪϬΟ΍Ϯϧ ήΧ΁ ήτΧ ΕΎδγΆϤϟ΍ϭ ΪϴϟΎϘΘϟ΍ Ϧϣ ΕΎϋϮϤΠϣ - ϰϨόϤϟ΍ ΍άϫ ϲϓ ΓέΎπΤϟ΍ϭ ΓήϤϟ΍ ϩάϫ ϦϤϜϳϭ -ΔϔϠΘΨϤϟ΍ ΔϳήθΒϟ΍ ΕΎϋϮϤΠϤϟ΍ ΰ˷ϴϤΗ ϲΘϟ΍ Ε΍ΪϘΘόϤϟ΍ϭ ΓήηΎΒϤϟ΍ ΔϠϋΎϔϟ΍ ϞΑ ,Ϟόϔϟ΍ Γΰ˷ϔΤϣ ϭ΃ ΔϤϬϠϣ βϴϟ ,ΎϬϨϣ ϞόΠϧ ϥ΃ ϲϓ ϊ΋Ύη ΩΎϘΘϋ΍ ϙΎϨϫ ϝΎΤϟ΍ ϩάϫ ϲϓϭ .Ϟόϔϟ΍ άϔϨΗϭ ΪϬθϤϟ΍ ϲϓ ϙήΤΘΗ ϲΘϟ΍ ϩά˷ϔϨΗ ϞΑ :ϪϴϠϋ ΰϔΤϟ΍ ϭ΃ Ϟόϔϟ΍ ϡΎϬϟ· ΩήΠϣ ϯΪόΘϳ ΎϤΑ ϡϮϘΗ ΕΎϓΎϘΜϟ΍ ϥ΄Α νϮΨΗ ϲΘϟ΍ ϲϫ Ε΍έΎπΤϟ΍ϭ ΕΎϓΎϘΜϟ΍ ϥ΃ ϪϴϠϋ ΐΗήΘϳ Ύϣ .ΓήηΎΒϣ Φϔϟ΍ ΍άϫ ϲϓ ρϮϘδϟ΍ ϢΘϳ Ύϣ ϞϜθΑ .ΕΎϗΎϔΗϻ΍ ϡήΒΗ ϭ΃ ΏήΤϟ΍ έΎϤϏ Ϫϟ Ν˷ϭήϳ ϱάϟ΍ "Ε΍έΎπΤϟ΍ ϡ΍Ϊλ" ϞΜϣ Ε΍ήϴΒόΗ ϝΎϤόΘγ΍ ϢΘϳ ΎϣΪϨϋ ϒϟΎΤΗ" ϭ΃ ϥϮΘϐϨΘϨϫ ϞϳϮϣΎλ ΔϨϴσ Ϧϣ ϥϮψϓΎΤϣ ϥϭήϜϔϣ ΕΎΒϏήϟ΍ ϥϮϤϬϠΘδϳ ϥϮϴΣϼλ· ΔγΎγ Ϫϴϟ· ϮϋΪϳ ϱάϟ΍ "Ε΍έΎπΤϟ΍ ςϘϓ ϦϜϟ ˬΓέΎόΘγΎϛ ΢ϠτμϤϟ΍ ΍άϫ ϝϮΒϗ ϥΎϜϣϹΎΑ .ΔϴΤϟΎμΗ ήΜϛϷ΍ ϢϬϔϟ ΎϨϔόδΗ ΔϴϤϴϫΎϔϣ ΐϟ΍Ϯϗ ϯϮγ ΎϬϧϮϛ ϭΪόΗ ϻ ΕΎϓΎϘΜϟΎϓ ˬΓέΎόΘγΎϛ ΔϠϋΎϓ ϥϮϜΗ ϥ΃ ϦϜϤϳ ϻϭ ˭ΔϨϴόϣ ΔϴΨϳέΎΗ ΔψΤϟ ϲϓ Ύϣ ΔϳήθΑ ΔϋϮϤΠϣ ϰϠϋ ΎϨϠΒϗ ϥ·ϭ- Ε΍έΎπΤϟ΍ ϻϭ ΕΎϓΎϘΜϟ΍ ϼϓ .˯ϲη ϱϷ ΔϠτΑ ϭ΃ ˬέΎϔϨΘγ΍ Ϟϣ΍Ϯϋ ϲϫ -ϊϤΠϟ΍ ΔϐϴμΑ ΢ϠτμϤϟ΍ ΍άϫ ϝΎϤόΘγ΍ ξπϣ ϱ΃ ˬΓΩΎϗ ϭ΃ ΎϬϤγΎΑ ϦϴϘσΎϧ ϚϠϤΗ ϯήΧϷ΍ ϻϭ ΎϤϬϨϣ ΓΪΣ΍Ϯϟ΍ ϼϓ ΎϤϬϨϣ ϱϷ βϴϟϭ ,ϊϴϤΠϟ΍ ϢγΎΑ έ΍ήϘϟ΍ ΫΎΨΗϻ ϭ΃ ΙΪΤΘϠϟ Ύϣ κΨη Ύϣ ΎϋϮϧ ϪϴΒη ήϣϷ΍ .ϭΪϋ ΩϮΟϭ ϲπΘϘΗ ΕΎϔϟΎΤΘϟ΍ϭ ΏϭήΤϟ΍ϭ ˬϭΪϋ ΪϴπϨΘϟ΍ ϒλϭ ϲϓ ΎόΒσ ΪϴϔϤϟ΍ "ΔϴϋΎϤΘΟϻ΍ ΕΎϘΒτϟ΍" ΡϼτλΎΑ βϴϟ ϦϜϟ ˬϦϳήΧ΁ Ϊϳ ϰϠϋ Ω΍ήϓϷ ή΋ΎΠϟ΍ ϝϼϐΘγϻ΍ Ύπϳ΃ϭ ϞΑ ϲϘΒτϟ΍ ΪΟϮϳ ϻϭ "Ύϋ΍ήλ" νϮΨΗ ϥ΃ ϦϜϤϳ ϻ ΕΎϘΒτϟ΍ :ΦϳέΎΘϟ΍ ΔϴϛήΣ ϢϬϔϟ ˮΔϘΒτϟ΍ ϢγΎΑ ϑήμΘϳ ϭ΃ ΙΪΤΘϳ Ϧϣ) ΎϬϠϴΜϤΘϟ ΕΎδγΆϣ ϭ΃ ιΎΨη΃ ΕΎϗΎϔΗϻ΍ ϥϮϣήΒϳ Ϧϣ έ΍ήϏ ϰϠϋϭ ΏϭήΤϟ΍ ϝΎτΑ΃ . (ˮΎϬΣΎϔϛ ΩϮϘϳ Ϧϣ ΕΎϜΒη ϲϓ ΔϤψΘϨϤϟ΍ ΔϳήθΒϟ΍ ΕΎϋΎϤΠϟ΍ ϭ΃ Ω΍ήϓϷ΍ Ϣϫ ΕΎϔϟΎΤΘϟ΍ ϭ΃ Ϋ·) ΕΎϐϠϟ΍ ϻϭ ϥΎϳΩϷ΍ ϭ΃ ϢϣϷ΍ ϻϭ ΕΎϘΒτϟ΍ ϻϭ ΕΎϓΎϘΜϟ΍ βϴϟϭ ΔϴΒΗ΍ήΗ ("ΕΎϐϠϟ΍ ΏήΣ" ΍ήΧΆϣϭ "ϥΎϳΩϷ΍ ΏήΣ" Ϧϋ Ύπϳ΃ ΚϳΪΤϟ΍ ϯήΟ ϲϓ ϑ΍ήγϹ΍ ˯΍ί· έάΤϟ΍ Ϯϫϭ ϲϧΩϭ΍ήϳ ήϴΧ΃ϭ ΚϟΎΛ ήϳάΤΗ ΔϫΎΟϮϟ΍" ϞόϔΑ ΎϤΑέ ϢϬϠΘδϤϟ΍ ˬΔϴϓΎϘΜϟ΍ ΔϴΒδϨϟ΍ ϭ΃ ΔϳϮϓΎϘΜϟ΍ ΔϳΩΪόΘϟ΍ .ϲϟΎΤϟ΍ ϊϤΘΠϤϟ΍ ϲϓ Ύϴϗέ ήΜϛϷ΍ ΔϴϓΎϘΜϟ΍ ή΋΍ϭΪϟ΍ ϲϓ ΓΪ΋Ύδϟ΍ "ΔϴγΎϴδϟ΍ ΪϳΪϨΘϟ΍ ήΛ·ϭ 1960ϭ 1945 ϦϴΑ Ύϣ ϲΑϭέϭϷ΍ έΎϤόΘγϻ΍ ΔϳΎϬϧ ΪόΒϓ ωΎϓΪϟ΍ ΔοϮϣ ΕήϬχ ˬϦϴϴΟϮϟϮΑϭήΜϧ΃ ϥΎδϟ ϰϠϋ ΔϴϨΛϹ΍ ΔϳΰϛήϤϟΎΑ Ϧϋ ΔΟέΎΨϟ΍ ΪϴϟΎϘΘϟ΍ϭ Ε΍ΩΎόϟ΍ ϦϴϤΜΗϭ ϢϬϔϟ ΔϳέάΠϟ΍ ΔϟΎΤΘγϻ΍ Ϧϋ ΩϮΟϭ ϡΪϋ έ΍ήϏ ϰϠϋϭ Ϫϧ΃ ϲϨόϳ ϥΎϛ Ύϣ .˯ήϤϟ΍ Ϫϴϓ ζϴόϳ ϱάϟ΍ ϢϟΎόϟ΍ ήϜϔϠϟ "ϕϮϔΗ" έ΍ήϗ· Ύπϳ΃ έάόΘϳ ϯήΧ΃ ϰϠϋ ΔϗϮϔΘϣ αΎϨΟ΃ ϭ΃ ΏϮόη ήϜϓ Ϟϛ ϥ΃ ΎϬϨϴΣ Ϟϴϗϭ .ϲ΋΍ΪΒϟ΍ ϭ΃ ϲηϮΤϟ΍ ήϜϔϟ΍ ϰϠϋ ϲϧϼϘόϟ΍ ϲϤϠόϟ΍ ΔϴϧϼϘϋ Ϧϣ Ύϗϼτϧ΍ ϪϴϠϋ ϢϜΤϟ΍ ϦϜϤϳ ϻϭ ΔλΎΨϟ΍ ϪΘϴϧϼϘϋ ϚϠϤϳ ϥΎϛ ΪϴΣϭ ϝΎΠϣ ϲϫ ΔϓΎϘΛ Ϟϛ :ΔϤϤόϣ ΔϴϓΎϘΛ ΔϴΒδϧ ϚϟΫ Ϧϋ ΖϘΜΒϧ΍ϭ .ήΧϵ΍ Ϫόϣ ΪΟϮΗ ϻ ϖϤόΑ Ϯϫ ΕΎϓΎϘΜϟ΍ ϦϴΑ ϑϼΘΧϻ΍ϭ ˬέ΍ήϜΘϠϟ ϞΑΎϗ ήϴϏ

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ήϘΗ ϭ΃ ΏήΣ ϲϓ ϥϮϜΗ ϥ΃ ΎϬϨϜϤϳ ϻ ΓΪΣ΍ϭ ΓέΎπΣ ϙΎϨϫ .ΎϬδϔϧ ϊϣ ΕΎϗΎϔΗ΍ ϭ΃ Ύϣϼγ ϭ΃ ΔϧΪϫ Ϧϋ ΙΪΤΘϧ ΎϣΪϨϋ Ϫϧ΃ ϰϟ· κϠΨϧ ϥ΃ ϦϜϤϳ ϚϟάΑ ϥ΃ ϦϜϤϳ ˬήΧ΁ ήϣ΃ ϰϟ· ϚϟάΑ ήϴθϧ ΎϨϧΈϓ ˬϊϤΠϟ΍ ΔϐϴμΑ "Ε΍έΎπΤϟ΍" ξόΑ ϩέϭΪΑ ϲπΘϘϳ ήϴΧϷ΍ ΢ϠτμϤϟ΍ ϰϨόϣ ϦϜϟ "ΕΎϓΎϘΛ" Ύϴϧ΁ ϪϴϤδϧ .ΕΎΣΎπϳϹ΍ ˯ΪΒϟ΍ ΪϳΪΟ Ϧϣ ϲϋΪΘδϳ "ΕΎϓΎϘΛ" ϭ΃ "ΔϓΎϘΛ" Ϧϋ ΚϳΪΤϟΎϓ ϪΑΎθϣ ϚϠϬΘδϣϭ ϢϬΒϣ ϰϨόϣ ϲϓ ΔϤϠϜϟ΍ ϝΎϤόΘγϻ ΔϓϮϟ΄ϣ Δϐϴλ ˯ΎμϗΈΑ ΎϣΪϨϋ ϚϟΫ ΙΪΤϳ ."ΓέΎπΤϟ΍" ιϮμΨΑ ΎϔϟΎγ ϩΎϧΩέϭ΃ ΎϤϟ ΍ήϴΜϛ Ϧϣ ϰϟ· ΓέΎη· ϲϓ "ϦϴϔϘΜϣ" ϭ΃ "ΔϓΎϘΛ" ϥϮϜϠϤϳ ιΎΨη΃ Ϧϋ ϢϠϜΘϧ ϰϟ· ϥϮόϤΘδϳϭ Ύϴϗ΍έ ΎΑΩ΃ ϥϭ΅ήϘϳϭ ϒΣΎΘϤϟ΍ ϥϭέϭΰϳϭ ϥϭήϓΎδϳ ΔϋϮϤΠϣ ϭ΃ Ωήϓ ϲ ˷ ϗέ ϲϨόΗ ϥΫ· "ΔϓΎϘΜϟ΍" .ΕΎϐϟ ΓΪϋ ϥϮΛΪΤΘϳϭ ΍ήΑϭϷ΍ Ϫϧ΄ϛϭ ϞϘόϟ΍ Ϧϋ ϝΎΤϟ΍ ϩάϫ ϲϓ ΎϨϟ ϒθϜϳ ΔϤϠϜϟ΍ Ϟλ΃ϭ .ΔϴϋΎϤΘΟ΍ ΔϴϨΑ νέ΃ ΔΣϼϓ ϲϨόΗ Δϋ΍έΰϟ΍ ΖϧΎϛ ΍ΫΈϓ ˬΔϋ΍έΰϠϟ ΔΤϟΎλ νέ΃ ήϤΜΗ ϲϜϟ ΔϴϨϫάϟ΍ Ε΍έΪϘϟ΍ Δϋ΍έί ϲϨόϳ ϢϠόΘϟ΍ ϥΈϓ ˬΎϬϠϴλΎΤϣ ϊϓέ .Ϟπϓ΃ ΔϳήϜϓ Ξ΋ΎΘϧ ΐγΎϨϳ ϻ ˬΔϳΪϴϠϘΘϟ΍ ΔϴϨδϧϷ΍ ΐϟ΍ϮϘϟΎΑ ςΒΗήϤϟ΍ ϰϨόϤϟ΍ ΍άϫ ϰϠϋϭ .ωΎϤΘΟϻ΍ ˯ΎϤϠϋ ϯΪϟ ϡϮϴϟ΍ ϝϭ΍ΪΘϤϟ΍ "ΔϓΎϘΛ" ΔϤϠϛ ϝΎϤόΘγ΍ ˬΔϓΎϘΜϟ΍ ΎϴΟϮϟϮΑϭήΜϧ΃ Ω΍ϭέ έΎϜϓ΃ ΖϋΎη ΎϣΪϨϋ ˬϚϟΫ Ϧϣ ξϴϘϨϟ΍ Ωήϓ ϱ΃ ϥ΃ ΓΪϋΎϗ Ϧϣ ϥϮϘϠτϨϳ ΔϴϋΎϤΘΟϻ΍ ϡϮϠόϟΎΑ ϥϮϠϐΘθϤϟ΍ ΢Βλ΃ ΔϓΎϘΜϟ΍ ϥ΃ ϱ΃ ˬΎϣ ΔϓΎϘΛ ϲϓ ϙέΎθϳ ˬϲϤϴϠόΘϟ΍ ϩ΍ϮΘδϣ Ϧϋ ήψϨϟ΍ ξϐΑ ϯϮΘδϣ βϴϟϭ ˬϙϮϠδϟ΍ϭ ήϴϜϔΘϟ΍ϭ ζϴόϟ΍ ϲϓ ΐϴϟΎγ΃ ˬϡΎϋ ϞϜθΑ ϲϨόΗ .ϱήϜϔϟ΍ ϲϗήϟ΍ Ϧϣ ϝΎϋ ΩήϔϴϠϛ ϲΟϮϟϮΑϭήΜϧϷ΍ ϑ˷ήϋ ˬΎϬΘϴλ ω΍Ϋ ήτγ΃ ϲϓ ˬαϮϘσ) ΎϨϠϋ Γήϓ΍ϮΘϤϟ΍ Δϳΰϣήϟ΍ ϝΎϜηϷ΍ ωϮϤΠϣ ΎϬϧ΄Α ΔϓΎϘΜϟ΍ ΰΗήϴϏ ϒϗ΍Ϯϣϭ ΕΎϛϮϠγ ϞϴϜθΗ ϲϓ ϒόδϳ Ύϣ Ϟϛϭ ˬΪϴϟΎϘΗ ˬΔϐϟ ˬϢγ΍ήϣ ˬϦϓ ήϴΒόΘϟ΍ϭ ΐϳήΠΘϟ΍ ΔϳήθΑ ΔϋϮϤΠϤϟ ΢ϴΘΗ ϲΘϟ΍ (Ύϣ ΔϋϮϤΠϣ ϞΧ΍Ω ΔϘϳήτΑ Ϟλ΍ϮΘϟ΍ϭ ˬϱΪϳήΠΗ ήϜϓ ˯ΎϨΑ ΢ϴΘϳ Ύϣ ˬΎϬϟϼΧ Ϧϣ ϲϧΎόϣ Ϧϋ ˬήΧ΁ ήϴΒόΘΑ .ΓΎϴΤϟ΍ ˯΍ί· ΎϬϔϗ΍Ϯϣϭ ΎϬϓέΎόϣ ήϳϮτΗϭ ˯ΎϘΑ·ϭ ΓΪϘόϣ ΕΎϓήμΘϟ΍ ˬΔϴϋΎϤΘΟϻ΍ ΕΎϗϼόϟ΍ϭ ΕϻΎϤόΘγϻ΍ ωϮϤΠϣ ϲϫ ΔϓΎϘΜϟ΍ Ιέ΍ϮΘϟ΍ ϭ΃ ΎϴΟϮϟϮϴΒϟΎΑ ϞμΘϤϟ΍ ήϴϏ ϲϋΎϤΘΟϻ΍ ΙέϹ΍ ΍άϬϟ ΔΒδΘϜϤϟ΍ ΢ΒμΗ ˬΎϔϟΎγ ϩΎϧΩέϭ΃ ϱάϟ΍ ϒϳήόΘϟΎΑ ΓέΎπΤϠϟ ΓήϳΎδϣϭ .ϲϨϴΠϟ΍ ΕΎϓήμΘϟ΍ έΎδϣ ΩΪΤΗ ϲΘϟ΍ ϢϴϘϟ΍ Ϧϋ ήϴΒόΘϟ΍ ϝΎϜη΃ ωϮϤΠϣ ΔϓΎϘΜϟ΍ .ΔϴϨϘΘϟ΍-ΔϴϤϠόϟ΍ ΓέΎπΤϟ΍ ΎϬΤϴΘΗ ϲΘϟ΍ Ϟ΋ΎγϮϟ΍ ϝΎϤόΘγ΍ϭ ΓΪϋ ϭ΃ ϊπΑ Ϧϋ ΚϳΪΤϟ΍ ϦϜϤϳ ˬ"ΔϓΎϘΛ" ΔϤϠϜϟ ϢϬϔϟ΍ ΍άϬΑ ˬΔϴϧϮϛ ΔόϴΒσ Ε΍Ϋ ΔϴϧΎδϧϹ΍ ΕΎΟΎϴΘΣϻ΍ ϥϮϛ ϢϏέ Ϋ· .ΔϨϜϤϣ ΕΎϓΎϘΛ ωϮϤΠϣ ςΒπϟΎΑ ΢ΒμΗ ΔϓΎϘΜϟ΍ .ΔϔϠΘΨϣ ϰϘΒΗ ΎϬΘϴΒϠΗ ϕήσ ϥΈϓ ΔϳήθΑ ΔϋϮϤΠϣ ΰ˷ϴϤΗ ϲΘϟ΍ Ε΍ΩΎόϟ΍ϭ ΕΎϴϨϘΘϟ΍ϭ ΪϴϟΎϘΘϟ΍ϭ ΕΎδγΆϤϟ΍ ΎϘγΎϨΘϣ ΎϧΎϴϛ Ύϣ ϊϤΘΠϣ Ϧϣ ϞόΠϳ Ύϣ ϱ΃ ˭Ύϴϓ΍ήϐΟϭ ΎϴΨϳέΎΗ ΎϫΩΪΤΗϭ .ϯήΧ΃ ΕΎϧΎϴϜϟ ΍ήϳΎϐϣϭ ΔϓΎϘΛ ΔϤϠϛ ϝΎϤόΘγ΍ ΪϨϋ Ϫϧ΄θΑ φϔΤΘϟ΍ ϲϐΒϨϳ ήτΧ ϙΎϨϫ ΖϧΎϛ ΍Ϋ· .ΔϳήθΒϟ΍ ϝΎόϓϸϟ ΍ήϴδϔΗ ϭ΃ ΎϛήΤϣ ήΒΘόΗ ϥ΃ :ϰϨόϤϟ΍ ΍άϫ ϲϓ ˬϞόϔϟ΍ ΎϬΑϮλ ϪΠΘϳ ϲΘϟ΍ ΓήϴΧϷ΍ ϑ΍ΪϫϷ΍ ϭ΃ ϢϴϘϟ΍ Ϧϋ ή˷ΒόΗ ΔϓΎϘΜϟ΍ ϥΎΒγϹ΍ ϥ΃ ϼΜϣ ϝΎϘϳ :Ϟόϔϟ΍ ΐΒγ ΎϬϧ΃ ϰϠϋ ΔϟϮϬδΑ άΧΆΗ ϥ΃ ϦϜϤϳ ϢϬϧϷ ΦϳέΎΘϟ΍ ϯΪϣ ϰϠϋ (˯ΎτΧ΃ ϭ΃ ϊ΋Ύψϓ ϭ΃) Ε΍ίΎΠϧ· ΍ϭέήϛ Ρήη Ϫϧ· .(ΔϴΗϮΨϴϜϟ΍ ϭ΃ Δϴϧ΍Ωήϔϟ΍ ϭ΃) ϒϨόϟ΍ ϭ΃ ΔϋΎΠθϟΎΑ ϥϮϤδΘϳ ϝΎόϓ΃ Ύϣ ϊϤΘΠϣ ϲϓ Ζόϗϭ ΍Ϋ· .ϙήΘθϤϟ΍ βΤϠϟ ΍ήϳΎδϣ ϭΪΒϳ Ι΍ΪΣϸϟ ϰϠϋ Ϣϫ" ϊϤΘΠϤϟ΍ ΍άϫ Ω΍ήϓ΃ ϥϮϛ ϰϟ· ϊΟ΍έ Ϛϟάϓ ΓΪϳΪϋ Ε΍ήϣ ΔϨϴόϣ ΔϬΑΎθϣ ˬΔϏήϔϣ ΔϘϠΣ ϰϟ· ςϘϓ ΩϮϘϳ ϚϟΫ ϥ΃ ΪϴΑ ˬ"ΔϠϛΎθϟ΍ ϩάϫ ϥϮϣϮϘϳ ΔϳήθΒϟ΍ ΔϋΎϤΠϟ΍ ϩάϫ ϰϟ· ϦϴϤΘϨϤϟ΍ ϥ· :ΔϴϣϮϘϟ΍ ΕΎϴλϮμΨϠϟ ϰϟ· ϢϬόϓΪΗ "ϢϬΘϧϮϨϴϛ Δϴϔϴϛ" ϥϷ ˬΔϠϛΎθϟ΍ ϩάϫ ϰϠϋ ϢϬϧϷ ϝΎόϓϷ΍ ϚϠΘΑ ϰϠϋ ΔϨϫήΒϟ΍ ϒϴϛ ˮΔϠϛΎθϟ΍ ϩάϫ ϰϠϋ ϢϬϧ΃ ϰϠϋ ϞϴϟΪϟ΍ Ύϣ ϦϜϟ ˭ϚϟΫ Ϟόϓ ϩάϫ ϯήΧϷ΍ ϮϠΗ ΓήϤϟ΍ ϥϭέήϜϳ ϢϬϧϷ ˮϢϬΘϧϮϨϴϛ Δϴϔϴϛ ϲϫ ϩάϫ ϥ΃ ΔϴϠϫ΃ ΏϭήΣ ϲϓ ϥΎΒγϹ΍ ϞΘΘϗ΍ ΍ΫΎϤϟ ˬϼΜϣ ˬΡήθϳ ϻ ΍άϫϭ .ΕΎϓήμΘϟ΍ ΍ϭΰΠϧ΃ ϮϜϧ΍ήϓ ΓΎϓϭ ΪόΑ ϢϬϨϜϟ ˬϦϳήθόϟ΍ϭ ήθϋ ϊγΎΘϟ΍ ϦϴϧήϘϟ΍ ϲϓ Ε΍ΩέϮϠϟ΍ ΪΣ΃ ϥ΃ Ϯϟ .ΎϴΟΫϮϤϧ ϥϮϜϳ ΩΎϜϳ Δϴσ΍ήϘϤϳΪϟ΍ ϮΤϧ ϻΎϘΘϧ΍ ΎόϨΘϘϣϭ ϩΩϼΒΑ ΍Ϯϫΰϣ ˬϦϳήθόϟ΍ ϥήϘϠϟ ϝϭϷ΍ ϒμϨϟ΍ Ϧϣ ϦϴϴϧΎτϳήΒϟ΍ :ΎϤΘΣ ϝΎϘϟ ΔϴϧΎΒγϹ΍ ΔϴγΎϴδϟ΍ ϞϛΎθϤϟ΍ ήϴδϔΗ Ω΍έ΃ ˬήμόϟ΍ ΕΎϬϴθϴϠϜΑ Ϧϋ ϞΛΎϤϣ ϝϮϗ έΪμϳ Ϊϗϭ ˬΪϳΪη ϒϨϋ ϱϭΫ ιΎΨη΄Α ϖϠόΘϳ ήϣϷ΍ ϥ· ϞϤόΘδϳ Ϊϗ ϪϨϜϟ ,ΔϓΎϘΜϟ΍ ϰϟ· Ϟόϔϟ΍ ΐΒγ ϭΰόϳ ΔγΎϴδϟ΍ ϡϮϠόΑ ϞϐΘθϣ ΔϴγΎϴγ ΔϓΎϘΛ ϲϓ ΎϴϋΎϤΘΟ΍ ΍ϮγήϤΗ ϢϬϧ· ϊϗ΍Ϯϟ΍ ϲϓ :ΔϗΎϧ΃ ήΜϛ΃ Ε΍ήϴΒόΗ Ύϣ ΓήΘϓ ϲϓ ϝΎϘΘϧϻ΍ Ρήθϳ ϥ΃ ϊϴτΘδϳ ϲϧΎΜϟ΍ ϻϭ ϝϭϷ΍ ϻ ϦϜϟ .ΔϔϴϨϋ Δϴϔϴϛ" ϻϭ "ϢϬΘϓΎϘΛ" ΔϟϮϬδΑ ϥϭήϴϐϳ ϻ ιΎΨηϷ΍ ϥϷ ˬϮϜϧ΍ήϓ ΪόΑ .αΎγ΃ ϰϠϋ ϡϮϘΗ ϻ Ρϭήθϟ΍ ϚϠΗ ϥ΃ ϚϟΫ ."ϢϬΘϧϮϨϴϛ

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ϢϣϷ΍ έϭΩ ΰϳΰόΗ ϲϐΒϨϳ ΎϤϛ .ΓϮϘϟ΍ ϞϣΎϜΑ ΎϬϘϴΒτΗϭ ΔϤ΋ΎϘϟ΍ ˬϲϟϭΪϟ΍ ϲϧϮϧΎϘϟ΍ ϡΎψϨϟ΍ϭ ΔϴϟϭΪϟ΍ ϑ΍ήϋϷ΍ϭ ΕΎϤψϨϤϟ΍ ϲϗΎΑϭ ΓΪΤΘϤϟ΍ ζϳΎόΘϟ Ϊϋ΍ϮϘϟ΍ ˯ΎγέϹ ΓΪϴΣϮϟ΍ ΔϘϳήτϟ΍ ϩάϫϭ .ϞϣΎϛ ϞϜθΑ ΎϬϣ΍ήΘΣ΍ϭ ΎϬϠόΠϳ Ύϣ ˬϢϴϘϠϟ ΍ΪϴδΠΗ ΎϬδϔϧ ϲϓ ϯήΗ ϲΘϟ΍ "ΕΎϓΎϘΜϟ΍" ϦϴΑ ϲϠΒϘΘδϣ .ΎϬϨϴΑ Ύϣ ϲϓ βϧΎΠΘϠϟ ΔϠΑΎϗ ήϴϏ ήϫϮΠϟ΍ ϲϓ Ύϣ ΪΣ ϰϟ· Δ˷ϘΤϣ ΔΛ΍ΪΤϟ΍ ΪόΑ ΎϤϟ "ΔϳϮϓΎϘΜϟ΍ ΔϳΩΪόΘϟ΍" ϥ· ϦϜϤϳ Ϧϣΰϟ΍ ϲϓ ΔϘϠτϣϭ ΔμϟΎΧ ΔϴϧϼϘϋ ΩϮΟϭ ϡΪϋ ΓήϜϔϟ ΎϫΩΎϘΘϧ΍ ϲϓ ΞϣΩ ϢϠΤΑ ΎϫΪϳΪϨΗ ϲϓ Ύπϳ΃ϭ ˬΕΎϓΎϘΜϟ΍ ϒϠΘΨϣ ϰϠϋ ϢϜΤϟ΍ ΎϬϨϣ Ύϗϼτϧ΍ ϥ΃ Ύπϳ΃ ΢ϴΤμϟ΍ Ϧϣ ϦϜϟϭ .ϙϮϠδϠϟ ϲϧϮϛ ΝΫϮϤϧ ϲϓ ΕΎϓΎϘΜϟ΍ ϊϴϤΟ Ϯϫ Ύϧήμϋ ϊΒτϳ Ύϣ ϥ΃ϭ έϮτΘΗ ϑϭήψϟ΍ ϥ΃ϭ ήϴϐΘϟ΍ ϲϨόϳ ΦϳέΎΘϟ΍ ΕΎϓΎϘΜϟ΍ ϦϴΑ ζϳΎόΘϠϟ Ϊϋ΍Ϯϗϭ ϲϟϭΩ ϥϮϧΎϗ ϊοϭ ΔϟϭΎΤϣ ςΒπϟΎΑ ΓέϮτΧ ϦϤϜΗ Ε΍άϟΎΑ ΎϨϫϭ .ϊϴϤΠϟ΍ ϞϴΜϤΘΑ ϰψΤΗ ΕΎΌϴϫ ΎϬϴϠϋ ΖϗΩΎλ ϲΘϟ΍ ˬϢϟΎόϟ΍ ϲϓ ϰϤψόϟ΍ ΓϮϘϟ΍ ΐϧΎΟ Ϧϣ ϲϟϭΪϟ΍ ϡΎψϨϟ΍ ΍άϬϟ ΕΎϛΎϬΘϧϻ΍ ϢϟΎόϠϟ ίΎϴΘϣΎΑ ϲϠϴΜϤΘϟ΍ ΝΫϮϤϨϟ΍ϭ Ϊ΋ΎϘϟ΍ϭ ϲϤγήϟ΍ ϖσΎϨϟ΍ Ύπϳ΃ ήΒΘόΗ .ΓήϴΧϷ΍ ϕ΍ήόϟ΍ ΏήΣ ϲϓ φΤϟ΍ ˯Ϯδϟ ΙΪΣ Ύϣ ΍άϫϭ .ϲΑήϐϟ΍ ˬΎϨΗΎϗΎϔΗ΍ ϲϓ ϞΧΪΘϟ΍ ΔϴϧΎϜϣ· ΕΎϓΎϘΜϠϟ ϙήΘϧ ϥ΃ ϲϐΒϨϳ ϻ ϲϨΒϧ ΎϨϋΩ .ΎϨϨϴΑ ΔϛήΘθϤϟ΍ ρΎϘϨϟ΍ Ϧϋ ϞΑΎϘϤϟ΍ ϲϓ ΚΤΒϧ ϥ΃ ΐΠϳϭ ΩΪόΘϣ ϢϟΎϋ ϲϓ ζϳΎόΘϟ΍ ΢ϴΘϳ ΎϴϟϭΩ ΎϴϧϮϧΎϗ ΎϣΎψϧ ϞϣΎϛ ϞϜθΑ ϡήΘΤϧϭ ΔϴγΎγϷ΍ ΕΎϴΛ΍ΪΣϹ΍ ϦϴΗήϜϔϟ΍ ϦϴΗΎϫ ϲϓ ϦϤϜΗ ΎϤΑέϭ ˬΕΎϓΎϘΜϟ΍ ."ΎϨΗέΎπΤϟ" ϲτδϟ΍ ϦϳΪϟ΍ ϝΎϤΟ :ΔϤΟήΗ

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