Andrew MacKinnon Construction Analysis Layers of Information

ABPL20033 - Construction Analysis, Semester 2 - 2018 Dr Alberto Pugnale – Subject coordinator Dr Sofia Colabella – Senior Tutor Pei Wen Kwek – Tutor Andrew MacKinnon, 836149, 21/10/2018 The Black House- Krisna Cheung Architects, T03 ASSIGNMENT 3

FLIPBOOK SECTION 3D: Layers of information

1. Structural Systems, below ground How did the site condition affect the design of the house?

Trees

Neighbouring house to east

Bobcat and excavator for main excavation Simple site excavation to flatten site and dig trenches for slab

Fill Moist silty clay (abnormal moisture)

Flat site, ideal for concrete slab

Class P, H2 Site Tree root barrier needed on north of site

Run off, due to gradient of slope, from N-E corner of block to S-W corner where street and lane meet

Structural systems, below ground

Horizontal

Vertical Helped guide layout of house, balconies on other side,

Existing bluestone wall to west

Influenced cantilever to make house appear to hover above wall

North Sun

Living areas and larger garden space to north

Street to south

Gas and plumbing considered before concrete poured

Sewer pit, LPD, gas mains all connected to pipes, capped off until services connected

Slab beam 550mm deap to provide enough structural support in the moist silty clay soil

Set Down

Concrete 20MPa grade, 20mm nominal max aggregate size, 80mm slump

50mm Packing Sand to make more reliable surface to work on

3000mm

Slab

150mm depth

SL92

Slab Beam Pad Footing

550mm depth to provide support for building in moist soil

3-L12TM

SL92 600mm depth to deal with point load of columns

House layout influenced by proximity to these services, to reduce pipes, time, and to simplify plumbers work

Set Down

SL92 Square Mesh Bar Chairs

50mm Packing sand

Top Reo 3-L12TM Trench Mesh

Concrete slab thermal mass utilised for hydronic heating, whilst also saving space and allowing for a polished conrete finish

Bottom Reo 3-L12TM Trench Mesh

Exisiting bluestone wall helped to inspire cantilever on second storey

Bar Chairs 3-L12TM Trench Mesh

Class P Silty Clay Soil

Scale: 1:50 A3 1000

50mm Packing Sand to make more reliable surface to work on

SL92 Square Mesh 0.2mm Polythene waterproof membrane

Slab flush with wall to maximise use of block and to allow back to back walls.

A buffer for privacy from more private rooms

Set downs at entry ways to avoid water running into building

Allows for freedom of room layout

Relatively flat site allows for a simple flat slab. A few set downs occur at entry ways and the beams and footings must be deeper than usual to cater for the moist silty soil

0

Concrtee slab allows for almost any room configuration allowing for a flexible floor plan

ABPL20033 - 2018, Andrew MacKinnon | 836149 |T03, Pei Wen Kwek

Root barrier to stop north trees impacting slab

Scale: 1:100 A3 0

2000

6000mm

2. Structural Systems, above ground How does the structure define the composition of architectural form and space?

Beams

250UC72.9, 200UB29.8 + 200UB25.4

Steel Primary Structure

Influenced

by Bento Box

Ground Floor

Secondary Structure

First Floor

Structural Systems, above ground

Bracing

Roof

Sheeting

Primary Load Bearing Stud Walls

Allows light spacious feel.

Bracing Ties

Yellowtongue flooring

Posistruts take similar loads to floor joists however allows for services to be run through gaps and insulation to be easily installed

Bracing Ties

Load bearing walls allow partitions and structural elements to double as one, meaning no columns in the middle of rooms.

Partitions allow smaller spaces for more private activities

Lysaight Trimdek Roof Sheeting

Roof trusses slope inwards to box gutter. Parapet wall hides roof, creating a clean box shape.

Hidden behind parapet to create appearance of flat roof

Horizontal

Nogging

Top plate

Balcony framing is not primary structure but is included due to being steel and carries load of cladding

Loads are distributed from trusses down to stud walls, then onto beams and steel work and then into slab.

The roof trusses can span half the house, reducing the need for extra load bearing walls or columns. This opens up rooms Cladding is attached to walls, hiding the structural elements, but keeping true to the form and shape of the building

290 x 90 F17 KD HWD

290 x 90 F17 KD HWD

200UB29.8 Metal bracing resists lateral loads.

Plywood bracing is also used in other sections of house

Open communal space vs small private space

Open plan kitchen dining area possible

Prefabricated steel for balconies allows for greater precision and faster build time. Curves for corner balconies achieved in factory.

Bracing Ties

Secondary Load Bearing Stud Walls

Shades ground floor from harsh west sun and creates the hovering effect

Primary structure steel members located where spaces are larger and more open plan. Steel able to take a larger load while taking up the same space.

Allow for larger windows without compromising stud wall load bearing capacity

Posistruts

Bracing tie

Nail plates

Allows for cantilevered west first floor

Prefabricated Steel Balcony Frame

Powertruss

Roof Trusses

Form kept, however all structural members are hidden by exterior cladding and interior plasterboard

Beams located where loads are less.

89 x 89 SHS + 90 x 90 SHS

200UB25.4

250UC72.9

90x90 SHS

Powertruss 89x89 SHS

Cantilever achieved with use of steels strenght 1st level appears to hover

90x90 SHS

Posistruts are secondary structural items as they sit on the columns and beams

Decking Joists

89x89 SHS

Scale: 1:50 A3 0

1000

Powertruss takes loads from around windows in order to stop cracking of larger windows

Steel members take a greater load than timber for the same space taken up. They allow the large open plan space to work, whiles remaining within the 300mm space between floors

3000mm

ABPL20033 - 2018, Andrew MacKinnon | 836149 |T03, Pei Wen Kwek

Scale: 1:100 A3 0

2000

6000mm

3. Internal (non-load bearing) partitions How do the internal partitions organise the life inside the building?

Plasterboard

Internal Non-Load Bearing Stud Walls

Plasterboard

By waterproofing and tiling the partions, the room becomes a bathroom

Tiles

Waterproofing

White Paint

Rooms Carpet and Built in robes indicate the room is a bedroom

Fixed

1st Floor

Internal Partitions Stairs

Plasterboard

Timber Cladding

Fibre Cement Sheets

Waterproofing

Yellow Tongue Floor board

Laundry Tiles

Timber cladding creates and outdoor feel for the laundry

Carpet Provides a gradient between the hard ground floor concrtee and the soft 1st floor carpet

Victorian Ash

Interior Doors Movable

Allows circulation through space and cross ventilation Joinery Doors and Draws

No Partitions

Open plan living space

Divides storage space from circulation/ living space. Hides clutter and stores things that aren’t aethetically pleasing More public/communal space. For everyday activities. Much more natural light from north Private rooms have doors, shared rooms open

Movable Door

Plasterboard divides roofspace from rooms Bathroom is smaller, private space so partions help create this room

Private room has partions to create storage for personal things

BIR organises clothes and objects from open space Desk and shelves

Walls Walls Void increases height of space, and adds to verticallity of stairs. No partitions sometimes better

Movable Door

Stairs are threshold between floors

Movable Joinery Door

Divides outside courtyard from inside hallway

Non load bearing stud walls allow smaller partions for rooms such as the powder room Sliding door

Cupboard doors

Large open plan space for living, dining and kitchen. More public, exposed and lots of natural light

Scale: 1:100 A3

Scale: 1:50 A3 0

1000

3000mm

ABPL20033 - 2018, Andrew MacKinnon | 836149 |T03, Pei Wen Kwek

0

2000

6000mm

4. Environmental Protections How did the architect approach the design of environmental protections? Do the elevations express or hide environmental protections?

Trimdek Roof sheeting

Box Gutters

Waterproofing Environmental Protections

Insulation

Thermalwall Plus Foam

Horizontal

Hidden by parapet and decking in middle balcony

Sisalation

Hidden by cladding

Flashing

Hidden by cladding

Capping

Visible

Windows

Vertical

R1.5 Bulk Insulation (Walls)

Vertical

R3.5 Bulk Insulation (Roof)

Horizontal

Fire Proof Membrane

Vertical

Hidden from exterior elevation by cladding for a clean finished expression. Visible from middle balcony.

Downpipes

Parapet hides the waterproofing protections on the roof Sisalation waterproofs the whole building envelope above ground and the polythene membrane protects the slab

Visible

Windows are the weakest point of insulation but are needed for light and ventilation. Silicon sealant helps airtightness

U=6.35, SHGC=0.77

The insulation is placed between the studs, posstruts and trusses and is hidden by plasterboard.

The smoke detectors are visible however the fire proofing membrane between the two houses is hidden bewteen the walls.

Hidden by plasterboard

Fire Safety Visible

Smoke Detector

R3.5 Bulk Insulation (Roof)

3°

Sarking

Lysaight trimdek roof sheets direct water to box gutters and down the down pipes. All of these elements are hidden by parapets

300 x 100 Box Gutter

Colorbond Flashing Sisalation

Smoke Detector

Colorbond Capping on parapet only visible environmental protection from outside the house

Skylight has flashing around to waterproof Insulation fits between trusses Parapet hides roof sheets, box gutter and downpipes

Underlap and overlap of roof sheets and capping and flashing increases water moving into building via wind, gravity or capillery action.

R1.5 Bulk Insulation (Walls) Windows and doors are the only visible environmental protection in the Black House

2°

Sarking, Insulation and Lysaight Trimdek will be hidden

by Blackbutt decking on balcony

Sisalation hidden behind cladding Insulation hidden behind plasterboard

Hidden by parapet

Lysaight Trimdek directs water away from house under decking on balcony

Sisalation hidden behind cladding

Fire proof membrane on walls adjacent to neighbouring house

Insulation fits between posistruts 200 x 100 Box Gutter

Thermal mass of concrete slab helps to regulate temperature of interior space

Thermalwall Foam has insulation properties too

Interior walls also insulated

Scale: 1:50 A3 0

1000

3000mm

0.2mm polythene waterproof membrane

0.2mm polythene waterproof membrane

Waterproofing Membrane

ABPL20033 - 2018, Andrew MacKinnon | 836149 |T03, Pei Wen Kwek

Scale: 1:100 A3 0

2000

6000mm

5. Mechanical and electrical systems Did the architect organise the internal spaces to place mechanical and electrical services efficiently?

Rinnai Solar Hot Water

Hot Water

Hot and cold pipes run next to each other and are hidden in the stud walls. Noggings can be cut to allow pipes ot pass. The horizontal runs of the pipes are also hidden in the posistruts.

1st floor bathroom, powder room, kitchen and laundry are all located closely in order to keep most pipes and services together. The ensuite is the only wet room away from this cluster

Closed System

Water Supply

Mains Water

LPG Gas Bottle Gas

Essential services

Cold Water

Evacuated Tube Solar Panel

Bottle is on roofing in line with first floor so that it can be easily connected to Foster Heating system

1st Floor Hydronic Heating

Cold Water

Mains Gas

Kitchen Stove and Oven

Heating

Hydronic Heating

Hot Water

Gas metre on S-E side of block. Kitchen set up Battery on east side so gas pipe doesn’t need to cross house

Insulated Storage Tank >60°

Heat Pump

The ground floor hydronic heating is placed in the concrete slab to be space efficient and utilising thermal mass of concrete. Eliminating the need for wall mounted heating System Closed System or loss of floor space through ducted Closed heating.

Evacuated Tube Solar Panel

Hot Water

The AC unit is placed in rooms that can be zoned off by clossing a door. It is on an external wall so the outside unit is adjacent to the inside unit.

HVAC

Cooling

Cold Water

Ventilation Elecricity

Grid

Cross Ventilation Electrical wires are all run through the stud walls and are hidden behind the plasterboard.

PV Metre

Utility

Hydronic Slab Return Manifold

Insulated Storage Tank >60°

Heat Pump

Every room has windows to allow for natural ventilation

Rinnai Solar Hot Water

Tesla Battery Battery Electric Switchboard

Light switches placed near room entry and the open plan space has most of the lights clustered together on centre wall to minimise wires

PV Array

Condensation drips into balcony gutter system Posistrut chosen to allow services to be run in gaps

AC PV Metre

Household Loads

Sewage pipes to sewer pit, with no 90 degree bends and allowing gravity to move waste

Scale: 1:50 A3 1000

Cold Water

Faces north to maximise solar gains for greatest efficiency Trusses allow for services to run between

Electric wires can run through stud walls and are hidden by plasterboard.

Switches, lumineers and powerpoints are the only exposed parts

Toilet, sink, shower and bath in a line so all services can be in one stud wall

Foster Hydronic heating follows this pattern accross whole ground and first floor

Gas line kept close to gas mains and away from electricity

0

Insulated Storage Tank >60°

Hot Water

Inverter

Pendant lights hung from high ceiling

Services all go up together in riser between studs so they are easily accessible and organised

Closed System

DC

Electricity connected at roof to powerpole AC Unit on outside wall so exterior unit can sit on corner balcony. Within bedroom so door can be shut to zone off room

Household Loads

Battery

Rinnai Solar Hot Water Roof trusses allow electrical wires and water pipes to run through them, saving space in the rooms.

Inverter AC

Hydronic Panels

Dist. Manifold

Reverse Cycle AirConditioning

Electric Switchboard Utility Metre

PV Array DC

3000mm

ABPL20033 - 2018, Andrew MacKinnon | 836149 |T03, Pei Wen Kwek

Hydronic heating in slab to maximise interior space for living and not HVAC elements such as radiators or duct vents

Toilets almost parallel to avoid excess seage pipes and to avoid 90 degree turns

Scale: 1:100 A3 0

2000

6000mm

6. Physical Enclosures systems Do the physical enclosures express aspects of the building (internal spaces, structure and materiality)?

External cladding Enclosure Systems

Internal finishes Windows/ skylights

Hides structure and interior to leave a black box floating on a grey box

Weathertex and battens meet flush to allow a seamless facade around building. Parapet hides roofing and emphasies the bento box shape

Weathertex

1st floor cladding

Dulux Matt Black

Pine Timber Battens

Balcony cladding

Dulux Matt Black

75mm Thermalwall Plus Foam

Ground floor cladding

Grey Concrete Render

Lysaight TrimDek

Roofing

Blackbutt Timber Decking

Balconies

Differentiates outdoor balcony space from interior carpeted space

Spotted Gum

Laundry

Expresses outdoor nature of a laundry

Victoria Ash

Stairs

Timber acts as transition between floors as well as the hard, heavy concrete ground floor vs the light carpet 1st floor

Windows

Powdercoated Frames

Allow light into building and create a more spacious feel, especially in open plan space.

Skylight

550 x 550 Square Fixed Weathertex ‘Weather Groove Smooth’ Cladding Painted matt black.

Vertical

Makes the black 1st floor appear to hover above the bluestone wall from street/lane level Black exterior juxtaposes white interior walls

Horizontal

Overall, a clean modern composition.

Basic box shapes, with curved balconies. Minimalist aethetic with a black, white and grey colour scheme

Lights the stairwell, increasing daylighting

Grey Lysaight Trimdek hidden behind parapet

Pine timber battens painted in Dulux black matt

90 x 18 Blackbutt Decking Dark carpet mirrors black cladding of 1st floor

Carpeted 1st floor for warmer homely feel 1st level cladding all black. Powerful aesthetic.

Soffit lining painted black and hidden by cladding

Plasterboard ceiling painted black

Black and white tiled bathroom, waterproofed

75mm Foam and mesh, rendered in grey cement render.

Plasterboard walls painted white

Black house references the colour of the bluestone wall, and the black Colorbond renovations of the 21st century. A common Melbourne aesthetic

90 x 18 Blackbutt Decking

Scale: 1:50 A3 1000

Gaps in the battens allow for ventilation and light to enter space, blurring the interior and exterior spaces

Black 1st storey appears to hover above bluestone wall

Weathertex ‘Weather Groove Smooth’ Cladding Painted matt black.

0

Weathertex and battens compliment each other but slight differences can indicate indoor and outdoor spaces from elevation

3000mm

ABPL20033 - 2018, Andrew MacKinnon | 836149 |T03, Pei Wen Kwek

90 x 18 Blackbutt Decking

75mm Foam and mesh, rendered in grey cement render.

Blurring between outdoors and inside Polished concrete floor for heavy ground floor

Scale: 1:100 A3 0

2000

6000mm